text:
Hello all, my sister is super timid about her writing, but she always seems to impress me. Criticism is welcome, but please be kind. She e-mailed me this, so it's a rough draft.

“Alright, man, it’s been a long day. Time for me to make my exit!” Wyatt downed the last of his beer and decidedly plopped the pint glass down on the bar. He gestured for a bro-handshake toward the bartender.
“See ya, man,” said Greg, the bartender, and reciprocated the bro-man-shake.
Jason waved casually and called out a brief salutation to a couple at the end of the bar who were engaged in a giggle-rich conversation.

Jason knew the bartender from back in his community college days, before he was even a bartender there. He knew most of the regulars too. The cozy neighborhood bar: a perfect place to chill with a drink after a long day. It was a good night. A trip was in the works with Greg to visit the guy’s brother in Texas. And he got the number of a pretty sweet piece of ass, good personality too. Jason stepped out into the cool, damp night and began the three-block strut home. Some quick movement caught his peripheral, but he paid no serious mind. It was probably some animal raiding the garages from the restaurants. The ones where people wasted half of their food because they were too rich to care about economics and wastefulness, and their appearances took precedence. Hmph, “high society,” to Wyatt, was simply a lack of common sense where narcissism took the place of thought processes.

He passed a good-looking couple that looked healthy, clean, well off. Not a care in the world they had for a passerby. A counter point to the young couple was the man who passed by him next – a man that wasn’t quite yet middle aged, a little scruffy, a gate that adjusted to the clear burdens he carried throughout life, a gaze that seemed to look right through you, to see your true nature.

Another brief movement caught his eye, a swift shadow that disappeared around the corner. Wyatt took a little more notice this time, but remained unconcerned. He swung right into his apartment building and gated up the stairs. It didn’t take him long to eject the shoes, shirt, and pants from his body. Surrendering the day to the night, he tumbled into bed and hastily threw his blanket over himself, already on the brink of snores. Right before his consciousness left him, he heard a barely audible voice… “Are you ready, Wyatt?”

He yawned and slapped both hands over his face and stretched his way out of bed. Time to get up and weld some shit. He didn’t like showering before work, since he was always getting sweaty. So he slathered on some deo, brushed his teeth, and put on some shitty, worn out clothes. He took notice of the nice sunny clear sky and retorted with a grin. Today seemed like a breakfast burrito and coffee day. He moseyed his way out the door. Wyatt then stopped short. Even his breath stopped. Everything around him was the same – same shops, same clear blue sky, same cars and streets. But the people… The peoples’ faces were all glowing. They all glowed in different colors and different intensities. But they ALL glowed. He just then realized in his half-asleep construction of the day, he never looked in the mirror. Wyatt whipped around and inspected his own reflection in the glass. Sure enough, his own face was glowing an intense yellow. His first thought went to the possibility of a hallucinogen. He felt fine before he went to sleep. And this theory wasn’t really viable, because everything else was completely normal, unlike the total world-altering effects of a hallucinogen. Was he going crazy? No family history of schizophrenia that he knew of. He stood panicking, staring around at all the colored, glowing faces that stared back in confusion, wondering why this man was in the middle of a crisis on such a normal day. This ws something he needed to figure out. Wyatt ran back upstairs to phone into work. He made up a lie about some stomach flu then sat on the edge of the bed – just sat for a moment, questioning the validity of his reality. He stood up slowly as if laboring to move through a pit of tar. That’s what this was, a tar pit of confusion and doubt. Taking leave of the heavy pit, his feet traveled hungrily and curiously toward the window for further investigation and confirmation.

“Yep, still certifiably amok,” said his brain to his senses as he gazed out the glass. Was there some meaning to this? Had he somehow crossed over into another dimension? Wyatt decided that hell, if it was going to be this way, he needed to get IN it, see what this is all about. If this WAS some sort of other dimension, maybe he would have a really amazing job, and maybe the beer was better and the women were looser. Probably not, but there was no harm in hope. He descended the stairs to step back into the day to face the faces. They all glowed, as expected, and all in a wide variety of colors – some putrid in hue with a heavy glow, and others vivid and lively.

He saw groups lunching outside and took note that many of the groups shared similar styles of light and intensity of color. Not all of them however, as there were groups of people that made up the colors of the rainbow. These people seemed to smile more often; their intensities took turns flickering brightest from one color or the next. That was another peculiar thing, the groups that WERE all the same color didn’t share intensities, just one person seemed to drain the others of their light, and all of them smiling less, the jovial nature decreasing as the glowing distributed itself to the one or two in the group. It was as if they didn’t want to give the light, and the person didn’t wish to receive it. Like being sapped for energy, then the energy becomes poison for the receiver.

Jason decided that if this was going to happen, he wanted to explore as much as he could, discovering patterns and possibly uncovering a reason for why this was happening now. But first, he wanted to visit his father. His father drove truck, and 14 months prior had been in a bad semi accident, rendering him comatose. Jason liked to go visit his dad and imagined he could hear what Jason was saying, and tried to imagine him responding in some sort of telekinesis style of communication. It felt like it kept his heart strong to imagine his father, even while lying comatose, participating in some sort of active communication. He hopped onto the downtown bus that circled around downtown and ended at the second largest hospital in the city.

He entered the rotating doors and immediately noted that the patients in their rooms, and the ones carted around on wheelchairs emanated a different type of light. Instead of beaming in sharp clouds of color, the seemed to drip slowly like waves of different, less brightly colored jellies. The elderly and the more apparently sick peoples’ glows were comparably slower than the children’s and the less severely injured patients’. It felt slightly comforting for him to find a pattern among the madness of the situation.
Jason took notice of all the lights and flows and colors, on the way back up to his father’s room, a path he had come to know very well, from every nick in the wall to stain on the carpet and even some of the faces of the orderlies and staff that would frequent this particular path. On this particular day, however, he could see everyone in a little bit of a different light. The lights that emanated from the staff seemed to have a consistent glow, but it wasn’t exactly bright. It was duller, and faint. The visitors all varied in color and intensity, while in each of the rooms the lights from their faces took on varying colors but were all immensely faded, the most sickly patients seemed to barely glow at all.

He stood outside of his father’s room a moment, almost frightened to see what condition of faded his father’s light could be. No matter what it was, it couldn’t be changed now. There was nothing he could do but observe. He took a deep breath and stood in the doorway staring at the floor. His eyes slowly reached his father’s bed. His tensed shoulders dropped. His father’s light seemed to be not quite perfect, but not as faded as he had feared. It was deep and purple, but bright enough not give Jason concern. He pulled his usual chair up to the side of the bed.

“Hi dad, it’s your son. I know I’m a little early, but I just really needed to talk to you.” His father’s light seemed to brighten a little at his words. ‘I woke up today, and everything was a little different. I don’t know if I’m going mad, or there’s something seriously wrong with me, or if it’s just something wrong with the rest of the world. Hell, it might even not be anything wrong with me or the world, maybe it’s just… changed… But dad, I can see everyone. Like, really SEE them. It’s not that I can see their insides, it’s more like, their insides are reaching out to me. Like their souls or whatever that even means. They’re all different colors, intensities, it seems like I can really see how they are, if they’re ok or not, if they’re good, or bad, predatory, good. I have to admit I was scared to come in here, dad, I was scared to see you. I was scared you’d be… faded. I know it, though, in my heart that you’re still here.” His father’s lights grew even brighter. ‘I love you, dad. I don’t know what this all means, but I feel like I’ve been shown something really valuable today. I’m not sure what I’m gonna have to do, or why it’s me, if I’m the only one. But I feel like I need to use this. I’m just glad you’re here to talk to.”

Jason sat for a moment of reflection and relief that his father really was still there, and that he could see, with evidence, that he could also hear. Then began to go on about sports, his trip with Greg, and a few women – the normal things he would go in with. Then he leaned over and kissed his father’s head and gave his goodbyes before he ventured back out into the new world.

He decided to go about his day as normal, and that entailed visiting his friend Greg. Everyone seemed to be getting off work. These people all remained a slight glow that was reminiscent of the sick. They all seemed tired and overworked, in their facial expression as well as their glow. It was clearly unhealthy, as unhealthy for the soul as sickness must have been for the body. He walked down to the bar, and was happy to see that his friend was indeed working. Something concerned him, however. His friend also had a glow, and the glow was a sickly, dull, yellow color, much the same as patients on the oncology floor at the hotel. He wondered if his friend felt this. Even if he did, he wouldn’t say anything. He wasn’t the type of man to worry about it. Still, Jason felt a deep pain in his heart. It may not be cancer, but his friend was still sick. He sat and drank a beer and chatted with his friend. He just wanted to laugh and bond with him as much as he could. He started feeling a small bit of acceptance underneath the pain, and decided it was time to find his own solace and reflection.

He headed to the park for some serenity. He noticed some couples picnicking in the grass, some people with binoculars watching for birds and other animals, some people playing with their dogs, and some children simply playing in nature. They all had something in common, their glowing auras were all very strong and colorful. Their smiles at one another even intensified their glory. When the people first came into the park, they had similar differences as the folks that meandered around the streets. However, as they allowed themselves to bond more and more with nature, they began to change into stronger, brighter souls – that couldn’t help but to shine in the way they were intended.

He decided that maybe this was the way it was going to be forever, or maybe this would pass, but that it was happening, and there was really nothing he could do about it. He did know, however, that he felt exhaustion. He began his route home, taking notice of all the different glows of the people, and what that meant for their inner state. Some were at peace, some were drained, sick, overworked, joyful, and everything in between. It gave him a fine insight, and an opportunity to help people become their true light, if he decided to use it in that way, which was really only right, as his father would tell him. The father that he now knew could feel him there even in his deep sleep.

He turned the corner and passed down an alley, taking a small notice of something moving in the distance. It was similar to the movements he previously ignored the night before this oddity happened to him. This time he faced it. He walked down into the alleyway and approached the area behind a dumpster that concealed the movement. As he approached, however, there grew a great and white glow. It was a glow with such intensity that actually produced a sound. He felt it warning him to stay away from it. It didn’t seem to want to be approached, but instead wanted to be the one to come to him. The source was so unknown, and if it didn’t want to be bothered, there was no telling what would occur. So he turned back away from the alley and went home. It was unnatural to disturb whatever lurked behind that dumpster.

He walked along his way home and went back to bed. As he slowly fell asleep he thought he heard a voice in the distance. “You see, son, it’s always been this way, you’ve just been so blind. Now you can see, and now you must do.” And he fell asleep until the morrow.

title: The Glowing

question: Summarize the main plot of the story.

text: "so he tells his friend Greg that he might have cancer, and helps his father get out of a coma" - this is incorrect. He knew that Greg probably had a serious ailment, but didn't tell him anything. Wyatt also didn't help his dad get out of a coma.

text: The response is missing the part about Wyatt seeing quick movements in his peripheral vision on the way home.

answer: After drinking at the neighborhood bar, regular guy Wyatt walks home and keeps on seeing quick movement in his peripheral vision, but dismisses it. He goes to sleep and hears a barely audible voice ask him if he's ready before losing consciousness. He wakes up the next day and goes to work, but is shocked to see that everyone's faces glowed, both in different colors and intensities. He thinks he's losing his mind and calls in sick. After collecting himself, Wyatt looks out the window to check if he was just seeing things but realizes he wasn't - the faces of people (even his) really glowed. Since this strange event was happening, he decides to find out what's going on and watches everyone, learning that not all colors are the same and reflect the person's thoughts and feelings. Wyatt decides that he can help people with his new powers.

answer: Wyatt wakes up in the middle of the night and hears a voice tell him he is ready. He goes to work the next day, and he wakes up to the realization that everyone is glowing. He goes to visit his father who is comatose and tells him about what he is seeing. He explores this new world and realizes that people are happiest when they are around nature. He hears a voice tell him he has always been able to see, but now he can use his abilities to help people.

text: It is omitted that peoples' faces are glowing in different colors and different intensities and show their internal state.

answer: After drinking at the neighborhood bar, regular guy Wyatt walks home and keeps on seeing quick movement in his peripheral vision, but dismisses it. He goes to sleep and hears a barely audible voice ask him if he's ready before losing consciousness. He wakes up the next day and goes to work, but is shocked to see that everyone's faces glowed, both in different colors and intensities. He thinks he's losing his mind and calls in sick. After collecting himself, Wyatt looks out the window to check if he was just seeing things but realizes he wasn't - the faces of people (even his) really glowed. Since this strange event was happening, he decides to find out what's going on and watches everyone, learning that not all colors are the same and reflect the person's thoughts and feelings. Wyatt decides that he can help people with his new powers.

text: The answer should mention the dumpster.

text: The answer omits that Wyatt goes to visit his father in the hospital.

text: Wyatt's decision to help people is not mentioned in the answer.

text: The answer omits the part where Wyatt visits his father.

text: '...quick movement in his peripheral vision, but dismisses it' should be '...quick movement on his peripheral vision, but dismisses it'

text: Wyatt sees the mysterious light before he goes to bed. I would move this information to before Wyatt goes to sleep the previous night.

text: The answer omits that Wyatt goes to visit his comatose father in the hospital and realizes that the light reveals he reacts to the things Wyatt says .

text: Wyatt called out of work, he didn't end up going.

text: Specify that Wyatt's father communicates to him somehow and tells him that now that he can see, he can do.

text: It may be better to call Wyatt "Wyatt/Jason". The story seems to accidentally refer to this character with different names.

answer: Wyatt wakes up in the middle of the night and hears a voice tell him he is ready. He goes to work the next day, and he wakes up to the realization that everyone is glowing. He goes to visit his father who is comatose and tells him about what he is seeing. He explores this new world and realizes that people are happiest when they are around nature. He hears a voice tell him he has always been able to see, but now he can use his abilities to help people.

text: The answer should mention the source of the voice.

text: It is omitted that Wyatt is the narrator's name.

text: The answer should mention the source of the glowing.

text: The first sentence is inaccurate. It should be removed.

text: Wyatt wakes up the next day, not the same day after the voice in the night.

text: Wyatt has a regular day and goes home to sleep. Just before sleep overtakes him, he hears a voice telling him he's ready. The answer misrepresents this.

text: The answer should mention what Wyatt sees (the glow) and its meaning.

answer: After drinking at the neighborhood bar, regular guy Wyatt walks home and goes to sleep. He hears a barely audible voice ask him if he's ready before losing consciousness. He wakes up the next day and goes to work, but is shocked to see that everyone's faces glowed, both in different colors and intensities. He thinks he's losing his mind and calls in sick. After collecting himself, Wyatt looks out the window to check if he was just seeing things but realizes he wasn't - the faces of people (even his) really glowed. Since this strange event was happening, he decides to find out what's going on and watches everyone, learning that not all colors are the same and reflect the person's thoughts and feelings. Wyatt decides that he can help people with his new powers, so he tells his friend Greg that he might have cancer, and helps his father get out of a coma.

text: Greg can't help his father out of the coma, but he does know that he is still present in his body

text: The sentence about telling Greg that he might have cancer is confusing as it is unclear whether the narrator thinks he has cancer or whether he thinks that Greg has it


text:
	Caleb and I went on the see-saw. He pushed his feet upwards while mine touched the ground. Then it was my turn to float and his feet landed on the ground. Up, down. Up down. Up, down. The see-saw creaked rythmatically, matching our up-down patterns.

	Eventually, my legs became tired and I stood up to stretch. The see-saw gave a long creak, as though it was sighing in relief as a heavy load has been taken away. Caleb watched as I walked towards the swings. He smirked while watching my struggle to swing up higher. Frustrated, I called out to him.

	“Rather than watch me awkwardly push myself higher, why don't you help me out?”

	He shrugged and walked over to me. From behind me, he gave me a soft, slow push. Then another, but this time a harder push. And eventually, my feet were way too high above the ground.

	“Stop, stop, STOP! Caleb, stop it!” I begged him but instead of coming to my rescue, he laughed cheekily. “Weren't you the one who wanted to reach for the sky? I was just helping you achieve your dreams.” He cheekily said as he grabbed the side of the rope attached to the swing. The swing slowed down but my heartbeat coninued to race both from the adrenaline and sadness.

	Caleb sat on the swing next to mine and pushed himself back and forth slowly with his feet. He seemed rather calm, happy even. As for me, I was absolutely heartbroken.

	“How can you still look so happy?” I asked. He didn't reply me, silently swinging himself to the front then to the back.

	Caleb and I go way back in the days while I was still in diapers. We've watched each other grow up- attended tea parties (so much regret) and have sleepovers in my room... No, it's not that sort of sleepover. We were more than childhood best friends, but not even close to being boyfriend and girlfriend. Because it was impossible.

	While we were still kids, our parents came up with “Caleb and Megan, the Cheeky Duo”. But as I grew up, Caleb seemed to be a nuisane to them. “You're sixteen, Megan. Two more years to college and you're still playing children games with 'Caleb'. Don't you think it's time to leave your childhood and start acting maturely?”

	Normally, I'd just roll my eyes and ignore them while Caleb and I mocked the desperate statuses girls posted, begging for guys to like them, or pictures of the people from my school getting drunk and high from parties. My parents should be glad I wasn't involved with that sort of thing.

	But last night, Caleb said something that literally broke my heart and left me confused, angry and sad.

	“You know... they're right,” he suddenly says. “Hmm?” I replied, absently flipping through an old magazine. “I think it's time you ditched me.”

	At first, I thought he was just kidding around. “Mmhmm, go ahead then. The door's just right there.” He was silent for a moment, and finally said it.

	“I think it's time for me to go. It's time for you to grow up.”

	I literally chased him out of my room after that. Fat tears rolled down my cheeks, unbelieving his words. He looked so serious, so mature, so... grown up. I never expected that from him. Never in a million years would I have thought that Caleb, of all the people around me, would be the one to tell me to grow up. Out of all the “Grow up!” statements I have ever been given, his was the one that affected me most. I skipped dinner and cried myself to sleep. I woke up with blotchy red eyes and a tear-stained face.

	And here we are again, at the playground where we first met, first talked, first became best friends. Nothing much has changed, except some trees seem to have grown bigger while others have been chopped down a couple years ago. The sandpit is still sandy and filled with earthworms while the paint of the benches has started to chip off. But the biggest change was of me and Caleb. We're teens now. We're big children. We can't go down the slides anymore because of our wide hips. The see-saw sometimes tend to give a warning creak of not being able to sustain our weight for long- it normally happens after I come home from a buffet.

	“It's not fair. Just because everything else is changing, why should we? Is our friendship harming anyone else? Why can't we continue being besties and grow old together?” I asked, my lips quivering slightly. Finally, he lets out a deep sigh and says, “I guess it's because nothing lasts forever.”

	I was about to ask him about what he meant by that but he continued:
“Childhood isn't forever. Each and everyday, you slowly grow up and start to step forward to teen life, and eventually adulthood. There comes a point when even the most beautiful rose in the garden will eventually die.”

	“Love? You can love someone for a long, long time. But it's not forever. Because one day, when both husband and wife are no longer in this world, the love won't be there anymore. Who is there for them to love when they're both dead? And I can't be here forever. You know it, I know it. We both knew all along that this day would come. We just didn't want it to. But now, it's time.”

	He turned to look at me, wanting to say more, but stops himself when he sees me cry. I cried because he was right; because he had to leave; because life was unfair. I cried because without him, it wouldn't be the same anymore.

	“Megan...” he calls my name and I start to bawl. Yes, I'm sixteen but I didn't care because at that time, I felt like I was six, as though someone had taken away my favorite teddy bear. Except this time, it was my friend who will be taken away from my life.

	“But... But if you go...” I sobbed. “I'll be all alone. Who do I go to when no one will listen to my problems. Who's going to laugh with me at those terrible duckface selfies the girls from school take? Who's going to lend me a shoulder to cry on when the guy I have a crush on calls me weird and rejects me?”

	“Megan, if I keep staying here with you, I'll be destroying your future. Face it, Megan. All this while, you've only been talking to air.”

	Those words hit me hard and brought me back to reality. He's right. I never thought I would admit it, but it was the truth. In my eyes, Caleb was there. But everyone else would search high and low and give me strange looks when I talk to him. Because in their eyes, there was no 'Caleb' but air. This crazy girl was talking to space, all by herself.

	“I have to go, we both know its for the best. If I stay, you'll never get married, no job, friendless. Just invisible me.”
	I pouted. “I don't need all that when I have you.” I stubbornly argued. He rolled his eyes, obviously annoyed. “Megan, I have to. Haven't you heard of the phrase 'You lose some, you gain some'? It means, when I'm gone, you'll get so much more. New friends, a boyfriend, a place in university. So give me up, for both our sakes.”

	“Then what about you? What would you get?” It couldn't just be for me. What would he do when he's all alone? What will he gain from losing me? But he smiles and says “I'll be happy. If you're happy, then I'm happy too.”

	I was touched. He was willing to do that all, for me? Was it really worth it? But there wasn't a choice for me to choose because all that's left to do was to let go and say goodbye. I teared up thinking about it and he gives me a warm, long hug.

	“Will you visit me every now and then?”

	“I can't promise you on that. But it all depends on you too because if you stop thinking about me, I'll eventually disappear. Not that it'd make much of a difference.”

	I clicked my tongue. “It's a lot for me,” I said bitterly. He smiles and hugs me once more, for the last time. “What would I do without you?” I asked.

	“You can move on, live your life the way you want to. I'm just your imaginary friend.”

	“You're not just an imaginary friend. You're my best friend.” My eyes started to tearing up again when I said it.

	“And you mine,” he said and kisses my forehead. “I'll still be near, I promise you. You won't see me anymore, but just remember that I was and will forever be in your memories and heart.”

	“I'll never forget you,” I swore and he kisses me again, this time on the cheek.

	We turned our backs against each other. Once I step out of this playground, back to my home, Caleb won't be there anymore. I turned around and he did the same. We whispered “I love you” and the wind carried our voices to each other. Finally, we said our goodbyes and went our separate ways.

title: Talking to Air

question: Why must the narrator break friendship with Caleb

text: The answer fails to point out that Caleb is a figment of the narrator's imagination.

category: accuracy

answer: Caleb hasn't grown up. He is keeping the narrator from growing up herself. Caleb needs to leave and find a girlfriend his own age.

answer_source: Human misleading

text: Caleb is not real.

text: Caleb is the narrator's imaginary friend.

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend.

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend. He cannot find a girlfriend.

text: Caleb has grown up, He's just an imaginary friend

text: Caleb is not real.

category: coverage

answer: The narrator must break this Friendship with Caleb because gossipers in their school plan to ruin mrs Marie's character as different people mistake Megan's relationship with Caleb as sexual, because it wasn't pretended by Megan just replied.

answer_source: Model

text: The narrator's relationship with Caleb isn't mistaken as sexual.

text: The answer doesn't make sense due to confusing phrasing.

category: coherence

text: This is inaccurate; the real reason is because Caleb is the narrator's imaginary friend and it is time for her to grow up.

answer: Caleb hasn't grown up. He is keeping the narrator from growing up herself. Caleb needs to leave and find a girlfriend his own age.

text: Caleb is the one who breaks the friendship off with the narrator. He thinks the narrator needs to grow and give up Caleb, who is an imaginary friend.

text: The text doesn't mention Caleb thinking the narrator needs to find a girlfriend.

answer: Caleb hasn't grown up. He is keeping the narrator from growing up herself. Caleb needs to leave and find a girlfriend his own age.

text: Caleb is not real.

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend.

text: It's not Caleb who needs to find a girlfriend but Megan who is growing up and needs to find a boyfriend.

answer: Caleb is an imaginary friend. He doesn't exist. Until the narrator accepts this and agrees to let him go, she can't get on with her life. Others think that she is a bit weird because she hangs onto a friend that doesn't exist. The narrator must give Caleb up to move on to college and find new friends;

answer_source: Human

text: Grammatical error in the punctuation at the end of the response.

answer: The narrator must break this Friendship with Caleb because gossipers in their school plan to ruin mrs Marie's character as different people mistake Megan's relationship with Caleb as sexual, because it wasn't pretended by Megan just replied.

text: The response is incorrect.

text: This is not the reason given in the story.

text: The response is not related.

text: The answer is made up and nonsensical.

text: The response is confusing and doesn't make sense.

text: Wrong

text: The answer is made up and nonsensical.

answer: Caleb hasn't grown up. He is keeping the narrator from growing up herself. Caleb needs to leave and find a girlfriend his own age.

text: Caleb is not real.

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend.

answer: Caleb hasn't grown up. He is keeping the narrator from growing up herself. Caleb needs to leave and find a girlfriend his own age.

text: Caleb is not real.

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend

text: Caleb is an imaginary friend.

text: Caleb is not real.

answer: Caleb is an imaginary friend. He doesn't exist. Until the narrator accepts this and agrees to let him go, she can't get on with her life. Others think that she is a bit weird because she hangs onto a friend that doesn't exist. The narrator must give Caleb up to move on to college and find new friends;

text: The narrator is named Megan.

text: The answer should mention that Caleb is the one who suggests the break-up.

text: The narrator is Megan.

text: The answer should mention that Caleb is the one who suggests the breakup.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The answer should mention the narrator's parents.

text: While all of this is true, Caleb specifically says that it is so the narrator will be able to have a normal life.

text: The answer should mention that Caleb is the one who says they should break up. He had to persuade the narrator that the break would be for her benefit.


text:
KICKAPOO STATE RECREATION AREA is an Illinois state park on in Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. Located between Oakwood, Illinois and Danville, Illinois, this park is easily accessible through route I-74. It is away from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and from Indianapolis. According to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, the name Kickapoo originated from the Kickapoo village that once existed near the junction of the Salt Fork and Middle Fork branches of the Vermilion River. After Europeans settled in the area and displaced the Native Americans, the Europeans began to dig wells to harvest salt from salt springs, called salines.[1] In the early 20th century the land was then strip-mined for coal. Kickapoo State Park was the first park in the United States to be located on strip-mined land.[2] The state of Illinois purchased the Kickapoo State Park Area in 1939 with donation money from Danville residents and the land has since recovered from the extraction of these resources.[3]

Today, Kickapoo State Park has of ponds and lakes with nearly of hiking trails for many types of recreational activities including camping, canoeing, hunting, mountain biking, and fishing.[4] In the winter season, ice fishing and cross-country skiing are popular pastimes for visitors to the park. Campsites are available year-round with RV and electric hookups available. There are 22 deep water ponds which are accessible to electric motor boats, canoes, and kayaks. Visitors to the park may rent a canoe or kayak to paddle down the Vermilion River, which runs through the center Kickapoo State Park. Scuba diving is also allowed within the park.[5]

History

[Allhands Cemetery, located in the southeast corner of Kickapoo State Park, is the final resting place for many early European settlers from the early 20th century.]

Native American History 500-1500

According to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, archaeological evidence indicates the existence of a village inhabited by Native Americans of the Woodland and Mississippian cultures somewhere between 500 and 1500. This village was located at the junction of the Middle Fork and Salt Fork Rivers. The village was home to Kennekuk, a Native American known as the “Kickapoo Prophet,” who brokered many treaties between the European settlers and Native Americans. Kennekuk was a proponent of a new form of Christianity that had elements of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.[6] The Native Americans lived in the area which is now Kickapoo State Park until sometime during the 16th century.

Salt Production 1819-1848

Europeans were drawn to what is now the Kickapoo State Recreation Area with the discovery of salt springs in 1819.[7] Most of the immigrants to this area were English.[8] After the Europeans settled in the area, they began to dig wells all over the land. From these wells they harvested salt brine and boiled it down to produce salt. This salt operation continued until 1848, producing as much as 120 bushels of salt per week during the peak of its production process.[9] One of the iron rendering kettles used in the production process can be seen at the Salt Kettle Rest area on I-74.[10] Many European settlers from the early 20th century are buried in Allhands Cemetery, which is located in the eastern section of the park. Other settlers such as John Cox, an Indian fighter and scout in the Black Hawk War,[11] and his wife are buried at the entrance to Fox Campground in a small pioneer cemetery.

Coal Strip-Mining 1850-1940

Between 1850 and 1940 the park area was strip-mined for coal, leaving many mine pits and spoil piles.[12] The mine in Kickapoo State Park was one of the first in the country to use mechanization for strip-mining.[13] Over the years these mine pits have filled with water and become lakes and barren areas have been largely reforested.

1940-Present

[Entrance sign to Kickapoo State Recreation Area] The state of Illinois initially purchased 1,290 acres of land from the United Electric Coal Company in 1939 and added additional area to the park in subsequent years.[14] Clint C. Tilton, a local newspaper owner and historian, began the drive that brought this park to Vermilion County.[15] Since then the park has gradually recovered from the mine pits and spoil piles left behind from the strip-mining process.

In the fall of 2008, a shortage in the state budget of $2 billion led to the threat of park closure.[16] The state was planning to close 11 parks on November 1, including Kickapoo State Park, to help meet its budget. Kelley Quinn, a spokeswoman from former Governor Rod Blagojevich's office, said “[p]arks are closing across the country; people are being laid off...[you] have to consider the national economy. The national economy is part of...[why we must close the park].” [17] The decision to close the park was met with much resistance. More than 300 protesters, made up of a conglomeration of local Danville residents and University of Illinois students, met at Kickapoo in late August 2008 to protest its closure.[18] Due to the protests, Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich decided to allow Kickapoo to remain open while 7 other state parks were closed. In celebration of the park remaining open, a cleanup day of Kickapoo was scheduled on April 25, 2009.[19] Volunteers were provided with the equipment necessary to remove litter from campsites and lakes. Since then there have been many cleanup efforts by local residents.[20]

Plant and Animal Species

Kickapoo State Recreation Area is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species. Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within Kickapoo State Park and is the only known location of the silvery salamander in Illinois.[21] This nature preserve of 69.2 acres [22] is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress trees have been planted along pond edges while strip mine banks have been naturally covered by cottonwood and ash trees.[23] This variety of hardwood species colors the park in the fall season and attracts many visitors. In the springtime, a variety of wildflowers can also be seen including: violets, bluebells, spring beauties, Dutchman's-breeches, and nodding trilliums.[24]

Of the 100 different bird species spotted within the park,[25] the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, great blue heron, and least bittern are the most commonly seen. A birding checklist is available at the park office. In addition to the multitude of bird species spotted within the park, there are also a variety of mammals including white-tailed deer, squirrels, raccoons, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats.[26]

Recreational Activities

Camping

Between the two campgrounds within the park there are 184 sites available for tent camping and trailer camping.[27] Reservations can be made at online at Reserve America, however there are a number of walk-in sites for back country tent campers. The maximum length of stay is 14 days within a 30-day period. Almost half of the sites have electric hookups and there are two shower houses which are open from May 1 through November 1.[28] Note that campers staying at sites with electric hookups must pay for the availability of electricity even if it is never used. Campers must also have their own camping equipment as well as their camping permit before entering the campgrounds.[29]

Fishing

[Two fishermen on the Vermilion River near the entrance to the Kickapoo State Park.]

There are many fish species found within the park's 22 ponds and the Vermilion River. Some of the most common catches by fishermen are largemouth and smallmouth bass, catfish, bluegill, crappie, and redear sunfish according to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Rainbow trout is another popular fish species to catch in the fall and spring months when the lakes are stocked.[30]

Boating

For boating activities, there are 12 launching ramps on 9 of the lakes in Kickapoo State Park although only electric motors are allowed on these lakes.[31] Kickapoo Adventures, previously known as Kickapoo Landing, is a concession place within the park offering canoe, paddle board, tube, and kayak rentals, shuttle services to parts of the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River, bait, firewood, and a restaurant for visitors to enjoy.[32][33] Visitors may rent boats by the hour for use on Clear Lake within the park, or sign up for a trip down the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River with a canoe, kayak, or inner tube. The tube trip is 2 miles long starting at Sportsman's Lake and ending in the state park. For visitors wishing to partake in kayaking or canoeing activities down the river they may choose between a 13-mile trip beginning at Kinny's Ford, an 8-mile trip starting at Bunker Hill, or a combination of 2 miles on the Vermilion River and paddling through 3 lakes in the park.[34] In addition to rental services, Kickapoo Adventures sells fishing licenses, tackle, and an assortment of worms for bait. The concession also has live music at the dockside cafe Tuesday and Friday nights all summer long.[35]

Hiking

[Trail in Kickapoo State Park near High Pond]

There are 7 marked hiking trails within Kickapoo State Recreation Area. One of the more challenging trails is the 7.6-mile Out and Back running trail [36] which winds through forest and edges of cropland. The Out and Back trail is also the longest trail in the park and runs from the group camp area across the Johnson Hill Bridge. However, the Johnson Hill Bridge was demolished in 2006, significantly limiting the length of this trail.[37] The Mountain Bike Trail is a 6.5-mile trail which circles Stump Pond and is located in the northeastern corner of the park. Some of the other shorter trails are: Clear Lake Trail (3 miles), Nature Trail (0.75 miles), High Lake Trail (1.5 miles), Riverview Trail (2.0 miles), and Brian Plawer Nature Trail (0.9 miles). High Lake Trail also has a 0.2-mile portion which is ADA accessible.[38]

Mountain Biking

Over 200 acres have been allocated for mountain bike use in the park.[39] There are 11 mountain biking routes in this area, ranging from easy to difficult, located in the northeast section of Kickapoo State Park.[40] Some of the more difficult trails have 1–2 foot jumps, steep inclines, switchbacks, and benchcut ravines. The bike trails wind through the forest, abandoned strip mine area, and along the Vermilion River. Mountain bike trails are open for visitors to use year-round, although they close during the annual fall firearm hunting seasons (usually falling on 2 to 4 weekends in November and December), and occasionally due to extended muddy conditions such as the spring thaw or damage following heavy storms.[41]

Hunting

Registered hunters (using firearms or bows) are allowed to hunt white-tailed deer, cock pheasant, rabbit, and squirrels in the park twice a year.[42] There are over 1,000 acres of land for hunters to use each fall.[43] Trap and archery ranges are available to visitors to Kickapoo State Park as well.

Other

Other recreational activities at Kickapoo State Recreation Area include cross-country skiing and scuba diving, and is one of the few state parks in Illinois that allows scuba diving. Certified divers may explore the depths of Inland Sea and Sportsman's Lake.[44] A company by the name of Thunder Wolf Trail Rides used to offer horseback riding lessons, trail rides, hay rides, and birthday parties in the park area but it closed in 2015.[45][46]

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title: Kickapoo State Recreation Area

question: What does the text say about the plant and animal species in the area?

text: "pine" - this is incorrect. Pine doesn't grow in the area.

text: "black crow" - this is incorrect and was not mentioned anywhere in the text.

answer: Kickapoo State Recreation Area is home to a variety of plant and animal species. Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within Kickapoo State Park and is the only known location of the slivery salamander in Illinois. The nature preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress grows along pond edges, while cottonwood and ash trees were planted along strip mine banks. The area has over 100 different bird species, including the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, great blue heron, and least bitter. The mammals living in the park include white-tailed deer, raccoons, squirrels, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats. The park's ponds are home to largemouth and smallmouth bass, catfish, bluegill, crappie, rainbow trout, and red ear sunfish.

answer: Kickapoo State Recreation Area is home to a variety of plant and animal species. Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within Kickapoo State Park and is the only known location of the slivery salamander in Illinois. The nature preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress grows along pond edges, while cottonwood and ash trees were planted along strip mine banks. The area has over 100 different bird species, including the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, great blue heron, and least bitter. The mammals living in the park include white-tailed deer, raccoons, squirrels, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats. The park's ponds are home to largemouth and smallmouth bass, catfish, bluegill, crappie, rainbow trout, and red ear sunfish.

text: The answer should mention the hunting opportunities.

text: The answer could mention the other recreational activities.

text: "slivery" - change to "silvery"

text: The answer should mention the number of fish species in the park.

text: Does not mention the scuba diving.

text: Additional details about the spring season would be nice.

answer: Kickapoo State Recreation Area is home to a variety of plant and animal species. Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within Kickapoo State Park and is the only known location of the slivery salamander in Illinois. The nature preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, pine, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress grows along pond edges, while cottonwood and ash trees were planted along strip mine banks. The area has over 100 different bird species, including the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, black crow, great blue heron, and least bitter. The mammals living in the park include white-tailed deer, raccoons, squirrels, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats. The park's ponds are home to largemouth and smallmouth bass, catfish, bluegill, crappie, rainbow trout, and red ear sunfish.

text: The answer could mention the wildflowers that bloom in the area.

answer: Kickapoo State Recreation Area is home to a variety of plant and animal species. Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within Kickapoo State Park and is the only known location of the slivery salamander in Illinois. The nature preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, pine, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress grows along pond edges, while cottonwood and ash trees were planted along strip mine banks. The area has over 100 different bird species, including the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, black crow, great blue heron, and least bitter. The mammals living in the park include white-tailed deer, raccoons, squirrels, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats. The park's ponds are home to largemouth and smallmouth bass, catfish, bluegill, crappie, rainbow trout, and red ear sunfish.

text: The answer should mention the other animals in the park.

text: The answer should mention the animals that can be hunted in the park.

text: The article does not mention pine trees.

text: The answer can mention the hunting opportunities in the park.

text: The article doesn't say anything about a black crow.

text: The answer should mention the mammals mentioned explicitly in the article. These are squirrels, muskrats, and rabbits.

answer: The park is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species. The Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within the park and is the only known location of the silvery salamander in Illinois. The preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress trees have been planted along pond edges while strip mine banks have been naturally covered by cottonwood and ash trees. This variety of hardwood species colors the park in the fall season and attracts many visitors. In the springtime, a variety of wildflowers can also be seen including: violets, bluebells, spring beauties, Dutchman's-breeches, and nodding trilliums.

text: It is omiotted that of the 100 different bird species spotted within the park, the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, great blue heron, and least bittern are the most commonly seen. There is also a variety of mammals including white-tailed deer, squirrels, raccoons, cottontail rabbits, and muskrats.

answer: The park is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species. The Middle Fork Woods Nature Preserve is located within the park and is the only known location of the silvery salamander in Illinois. The preserve is home to many different tree species including white and black oak, hickory, blue beech, sugar maple, basswood, ironwood, redbud, and sassafras. Cypress trees have been planted along pond edges while strip mine banks have been naturally covered by cottonwood and ash trees. This variety of hardwood species colors the park in the fall season and attracts many visitors. In the springtime, a variety of wildflowers can also be seen including: violets, bluebells, spring beauties, Dutchman's-breeches, and nodding trilliums.

text: The answer should mention the bird species.

text: The answer omits the animal species.

text: The answer should mention the different bird species.

text: The answer should mention the various bird species.

text: The answer should mention the animal species in the park.

text: Mention the belted kingfisher, pileated woodpecker, red-winged blackbird, great blue heron, and least bittern, which are commonly seen.


text:
Warning! This article may contain spoilers.

The GREAT SACRED TREASURE (真・三種の神器 _Ma Sanshu no Jingi_, "True Three Sacred Treasures") is a massive weapon that debuted in _Kid Icarus: Uprising_. First appearing in Chapter 24, it is a replacement of the Three Sacred Treasures created by Dyntos.

-   1 Forms
    -   1.1 Full Form
    -   1.2 Pursuit Mode
    -   1.3 Mech Armor Mode
    -   1.4 Ultralight Mode
    -   1.5 Final Strike
-   2 Appearances
    -   2.1 Chapter 24: The Three Trials
    -   2.2 Chapter 25: The War's End
-   3 Battle Style
-   4 Idol Descriptions
    -   4.1 Great Sacred Treasure
    -   4.2 Great Sacred Treasure (Pursuit)
    -   4.3 Great Sacred Treasure (Mech Armor)
    -   4.4 Great Sacred Treasure (Ultralight)
    -   4.5 Final Strike
-   5 Gallery

Forms

Made out of pure orichalcum, the Great Sacred Treasure is capable of changing form and adapting when damaged, enabling it to be used continuously regardless of the situation.

Full Form

Its FULL FORM (完全フォーム _Kanzen Fōmu_, "Full Form") is the first form used. In this form, it is capable of shooting flurries of arrows from the cannon located on its chest, as well as a powerful explosive charged shot from the rifle on its right arm.

When battled in Chapter 24, it displays attacks such as small whirlwinds, the aforementioned arrows, energy shots, fireballs, and a dash tackle. Its most powerful attack is a large laser beam that can instantly destroy anything within its radius.

Pursuit Mode

PURSUIT MODE (高速フォーム _Kōsoku Fōmu_, "High-speed Form") is the second form used. In this form, the Great Sacred Treasure shifts into a slimmer appearance, equipped with a Gatling turret capable of firing powerful lasers, as well as rapid fire bullets.

Mech Armor Mode

MECH ARMOR MODE (格闘フォーム _Kakutō Fōmu_, "Fighting Form") is the third form used. In this form, the Great Sacred Treasure shifts into a more humanoid appearance, gaining arms and legs. It fires projectiles from the five points on its golden insignia.

After Hades detaches the top half of the Great Sacred Treasure from the bottom half, the Mech Armor form gains a new weapon in the form of a long, blue energy blade, which Pit then uses to slice Hades in half.

Ultralight Mode

ULTRALIGHT MODE (飛翔フォーム _Hishō Fōmu_, "Flying Form") is the fourth form used. Appearing as half of the previous form but with golden wings, this form is incredibly nimble. It can rapidly shoot green energy beams from its palms, as well as launch powerful waves.

Final Strike

The FINAL STRIKE (最後の一撃 _Saigonoichigeki_, "Final Straw") is all that remains of the Great Sacred Treasure after it is destroyed by Hades, with its only usable component being a single cannon. Fueled by Palutena's divine power, it fires a large laser powerful enough to destroy Hades's physical form.

Appearances

Chapter 24: The Three Trials

After the Three Sacred Treasures have been destroyed, Pit and Palutena seek out Dyntos to create a new weapon for them. However, Dyntos is reluctant to help, forcing Pit to participate in three trials to prove himself worthy first.

For Pit's final trial, Dyntos forces him to fight the Great Sacred Treasure, which proves to be an admirable foe. After its defeat, Pit begins piloting the Great Sacred Treasure, eagerly zipping around the room until he crashes it into the ground.

Chapter 25: The War's End

The Great Sacred Treasure enables Pit to keep up with Hades for their final battle together, switching forms and adapting to everything that Hades throws at the angel.

However, Hades destroys the treasure in a single clap, sending Pit plummeting to the Overworld. Viridi then grants Pit the Power of Flight while Palutena charges the remaining cannon of the Great Sacred Treasure, which they use to defeat Hades once and for all.

Battle Style

Despite being quite the sizeable mech, the Great Sacred Treasure is as nimble as it is powerful. It is capable of shooting a wide range of projectiles, summoning whirlwinds, charging full speed at its foe, inflicting a multitude of Status Ailments, and dodging predictable attacks by rolling or teleporting away.

Upon taking enough damage, the Great Sacred Treasure's strategy will change. Not only will it use its former moves, but it will also charge a massive beam that destroys half of the battlefield and instantly kills anything caught in the blast. In addition, it can also summon an orb that will gravitate its opponent toward the center of the stage, as well as fire huge laser beams.

Idol Descriptions

Great Sacred Treasure

_The Great Sacred Treasure was designed by Dyntos to be the ultimate weapon. Used in the final battle against Hades, the weapon is huge and incredibly powerful, yet can stop on a dime and change its form to adapt to damage._

Great Sacred Treasure (Pursuit)

_As Hades rushes to the surface world to refuel on souls, the Great Sacred Treasure jettisons its heaviest parts and enters the high-speed Pursuit Mode. Equipped with a gatling turret, its guns can fire both bullets and ring lasers._

Great Sacred Treasure (Mech Armor)

_Shedding even more parts from Pursuit Mode, the Great Sacred Treasure takes a humanoid form. This versatile mode doesn't require any specialized controls; it actually moves as if it were an extension of the user's own body!_

Great Sacred Treasure (Ultralight)

_The Great Sacred Treasure abandons all but its most necessary parts to enter this super-mobile mode. While it can keep up with Hades, the god of the Underworld destroys it with a single clap, leaving only its cannon behind._

Final Strike

_When the Great Sacred Treasure is destroyed by Hades, the main cannon loses power, requiring Palutena to concentrate on using her divine power to restore its energy. Luckily, Viridi steps in to keep Pit flying!_

Gallery

[Great Sacred Treasure Pursuit]

Artwork of the Great Sacred Treasure's Pursuit Mode.

[Greatsacredtreasurearcard]

[Greatsacredtreasurepursuitarcard]

[Greatsacredtreasuremecharmorarcard]

[Greatsacredtreasureultralightarcard]

[Finalstrikearcard]

[Greatsacredtreasurescreencap1]

The Great Sacred Treasure, engaging Pit in battle in Chapter 24.

[Pitgreatsacredtreasure]

Pit piloting the Great Sacred Treasure.

[Greatsacredtreasurescreencap2]

The Great Sacred Treasure's Pursuit Mode in Chapter 25.

[Greatsacredtreasurescreencap3]

The Great Sacred Treasure's Mech Armor Mode.

[Greatsacredtreasurescreencap4]

The Great Sacred Treasure's Ultralight Mode.

[Finalstrikescreencap]

The Final Strike.

Add a photo to this gallery

Enemies in the _Kid Icarus_ series.
_KID ICARUS_
EelEye • Commyloose • Daphne • Eggplant Wizard • Erinus • Ganewmede • Girin • HEWDRAW • Holer • Keepah • Keron • Kobil • Komayto • Mcgoo • MEDUSA • Mick • Minos • Moila • Monoeye • Monolith • Nettler • Octos • PANDORA • Pluton • Pluton Fly • Reaper • Reapette • Rokman • Shemum • Shulm • Snowman • Specknose • Syren • Tamambo • Tanatos • Totem • Tros • TWINBELLOWS • Uranos • Zuree
_OF MYTHS AND MONSTERS_
Bat • Big Toe • Busy Bee • Cyclops Hopper • Cyclops Skull • Eggplant Wizard • FIRE SERPENT • Fireball • Fuzz Ball • Globe • Gruff • Gubble • King Krab • Komayto • Lunus • Merc • MINOTAUR • Monolith • Octus • ORCOS • Putt • Pythagoras • Reaper • Shadow Mask • SKULL WING • Slime • Snake • Spitball Blob • Spunky • Sticky Talon • Stone Golem • Totem • Wormser
_UPRISING_
UNDERWORLD ARMY
Monoeye • Wave Angler • MEDUSA • Octos • Keron • Gyrazer • Shemum • Nettler • Skuttler • Mik • Ganewmede • Crawler • TWINBELLOWS • Syren • Shrip • Porcuspine • Belunka • Handora • Coral • Boogity • Monolith • Splin • Specknose • Commyloose • Zurret • Shulm • Fire Wyrm • Shildeen • DARK LORD GAOL • Paramush • THREE-HEADED HEWDRAW • Komayto • Daphne • Stackjaw • Monomiknose • Minos • Merenguy • HEWDRAW HEAD • Mega Mussel • Gloomerang • HEWDRAW REBORN • Reaper • Reapette • Shelbo • Zuree • Orne • Tortolunk • Eggplant Wizard • Clubberskull • GREAT REAPER • Magmoo • Bluster • Fort Oink • Girin • Leox • Armin • PANDORA • Petribomber • Snong • Vakloom • Sinistew • Brawny Claws • Snowman • Frozum • Pluton • Zik & Zak • Bumbledrop • THANATOS • Remoblam & Remoblamling • Collin • Phil • Trailtail • Shootfly • UNDERWORLD GATEKEEPER • Igniot • Suit of Skuttler • Tempura Wizard • Erinus • Guttler • AMAZON PANDORA • Cellular Handora • Cellular Bluster • Cellular Monoeye • Cellular Komayto • Cellular Igniot • Cellular Sinistew • Cellular Snong • Cellular Skuttler • Cellular Gyrazer • Cellular Shildeen • HADES'S HEART • HADES

------------------------------------------------------------------------

SPACE PIRATES
Space Pirate • Space Pirate Sniper • Space Pirate Commando

------------------------------------------------------------------------

FORCES OF NATURE
RESET BOMB • Nutski • Trynamite • Zert • Blader • Dibble Dop • Parashooter • Lurchthorn • Pew Pew • Pip • Urgle • Hugworm • Toxiecap • Lethinium • Jitterthug • Boom Stomper • Mahva • CRAGALANCHE • Badoot • Bumpety Bomb • Mudrone • Cacaw • Skreetle • Captain Flare • Meeba • Megonta • Forces of Nature Guard • RESET BOMB POD • Flage • Clobbler • ARLON • PHOSPHORA

------------------------------------------------------------------------

AURUM
Tribyte • Blit • Quoil • Jyok • Claxis • Dohz • Plixo • Kolma • Taklax • Xoneme • Sio • Zaurum • Baglo • Rezda • Zrink • AURUM CORE • Roz • Nukleen • Biota • Aurum Monoeye • Aurum Mik • Aurum Pip • Aurum Fire Wyrm • Aurum Specknose • Aurum Skuttler • Aurum Urgle • Aurum Shemum • AURUM GENERATOR • AURUM BRAIN • AURUM PYRRHON

------------------------------------------------------------------------

PALUTENA'S ARMY
Centurion • Centurion Knight • Centurion Strongarm • Juggernaut • PIT'S BODY • PALUTENA

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAOS
CHAOS KIN • Shadow Pit

------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNAFFILIATED
Treasurefish • Rare Treasurefish • Souflee • Mimicutie • DARK PIT • KRAKEN • PHOENIX • CHARIOT MASTER • SOUL-EATING MONSTER • MAGNUS • PSEUDO-PALUTENA • GREAT SACRED TREASURE

question: What is the Pursuit Mode about?

text: The treasure becomes slimmer in appearance.

text: It is omitted that the Gatling turret is capable of firing powerful lasers and bullets.

answer: In this form, the Great Sacred Treasure becomes slimmer in appearance, equipped with a Gatling turret capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid-fire bullets.

text: The answer should mention that the Pursuit Mode is the second form used.

text: The answer should mention that the Pursuit Mode is the second form of the Great Sacred Treasure.

text: The answer should mention the purpose of the Pursuit Mode.

text: Does not mention that the form is more nimble.

text: It is omitted that this form is the second one used.

answer: In this form, the Great Sacred Treasure becomes slimmer in appearance, equipped with a Gatling turret capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid-fire bullets.

answer: In this form, the treasure becomes thin, equipped with a Gatling turret.

text: The answer should mention the Gatling turret's capabilities.

text: The answer should mention the turret's capabilities.

text: The answer should mention that the Gatling turret is capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid fire bullets.

text: It's omitted that the turret is capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid-fire bullets.

text: It is omitted that it is capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid fire bullets.

text: The answer could mention the weapons it uses.

text: It is omitted that it can also fire powerful lasers, as well as rapid fire bullets.

answer: The Great Sacred Treasure shifts into a slimmer appearance, equipped with a Gatling turret capable of firing powerful lasers, as well as rapid fire bullets.

text: Does not mention that the Pursuit Mode is the second form used.

text: The answer can go into more detail about the form.

text: While this is true, more can be added.

answer: The Great Sacred Treasure shifts into a slimmer appearance, equipped with a Gatling turret capable of firing powerful lasers, as well as rapid fire bullets.

answer: In this form, the treasure becomes thin, equipped with a Gatling turret.

text: The response should mention that the turret is capable of firing powerful lasers and rapid-fire bullets.


text:
The launch of the next Moon mission could be just four months away. India plans to return to the Moon in a big way with the ambitious Chandrayaan-2, which includes an orbiter, lander, and a small rover. If it all succeeds, it will be India's first soft landing on another world, and only the second such landing since the end of the Apollo and Luna era. For India, landing success would be "a stepping stone for future exploration missions to other planets," according to Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre (ISAC) director M. Annadurai.

[Chandrayaan-2 lander deploying rover]
Chandrayaan-2 lander deploying rover _ISRO_

The orbiter is a capable one, planned to carry eight instruments into a 100-kilometer, circular, polar lunar orbit, following on the work of India's previous orbiter, Chandrayaan-1. It has a nominal mission lifetime of one year. The lander and rover payloads are more limited, as befits the first demonstration of a soft lander. The lander and rover have nominal lifetimes of one lunar daytime (14 Earth days). I was unable to find any information on whether there is any possibility that the lander or rover could wake up again after the long lunar night, as China's Chang'e 3 lander has done for years. It's enough to hope that India can follow its first and only lunar orbiter with its first lunar lander.

Mission Profile

Chandrayaan-2 is planned to launch in March from ISRO's Sriharikota launch center aboard a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2 (GSLV Mk 2) rocket, making it ISRO's first deep-space launch on its newer, heavier launch vehicle. The combined mass of the three component spacecraft is 3250 kilograms, dramatically larger than the approximately 1300-kilogram mass of both Chandrayaan-1 and Mars Orbiter Mission, both of which launched on smaller Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles (PSLVs). (For fun, you can download and build a paper model of the GSLV Mk 2 spacecraft here.)

The GSLV will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, enlarging it over days or weeks with periapsis burns to raise the orbit apogee. Eventually, the apogee will be high enough that a burn can send the spacecraft on to a lunar transfer trajectory. A lunar orbit insertion burn will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit and the spacecraft will begin braking at periapsis to reduce its orbit to a 100-kilometer circle. I haven't found a reference that says how long this process is expected to take from launch to final orbit, but a similar process took Chandrayaan-1 three weeks, from October 22 to November 12, 2008.

[Chandrayaan-2 launch, lunar transfer, and landing trajectory]
Chandrayaan-2 launch, lunar transfer, and landing trajectory Modified from a presentation given by ISRO director M. Annadurai to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in June 2017.

Once the spacecraft is in its science orbit at the Moon, the lander mission can begin. While the orbiter doesn't care much about what phase the Moon is in, the lander and rover need sunlight for warmth and power, so the timing of launch will be dictated by the necessity to get the lander on the ground at its landing site very soon after local dawn. However, the concept of dawn is a bit tricky, because the landing site is planned to be near the south pole. I haven't seen any recent information on the specific landing site choice. As of 2012, an earlier concept that involved Russian collaboration had proposed landing sites that were quite near the South Pole indeed, at 87.2 and 88.5 degrees south.

The landing will happen entirely autonomously. The lander will separate from the orbiter and immediately perform a deboost maneuver, changing its orbit around the Moon to one with an 18-kilometer periapsis. When it reaches periapsis, the lander will begin the "rough braking phase," braking to reduce its orbit altitude to 7 kilometers.

At an altitude of 7 kilometers, the lander will use a camera to take photos of the lunar surface and determine its relative position and velocity compared to its onboard map of the landing region. The lander will autonomously determine the trajectory necessary to bring it to its desired landing site, and steer itself to a location 100 meters above the site, where it will come to a hover. It will use a hazard avoidance sensor to map the surface for potential hazards and select a safe location for touchdown. The lander will slowly descend until it reaches 2 meters above that location. Then it will cut its engines. The lander will fall to the surface, its four lander legs absorbing the shock of landing. The rover will roll out of the lander shortly after the landing in order to make the most of its brief, two-week primary mission.

[Chandrayaan-2 landing trajectory]
Chandrayaan-2 landing trajectory From M. Annadurai et al. presentation to the 10th IAA Symposium on the Future of Space Exploration, Torino, Italy, 27-29 June, 2017.

Orbiter

The orbiter is physically similar to Chandrayaan-1. It is three-axis stabilized with reaction wheels. The orbiter carries five science instruments and two supporting instruments.

-   TERRAIN MAPPING CAMERA 2 (TMC-2) is based upon TMC (a predecessor on Chandrayaan-1) and will perform 3D mapping of the lunar surface using two cameras.
-   COLLIMATED LARGE ARRAY SOFT X-RAY SPECTROMETER (CLASS) is based upon C1XS (a predecessor on Chandrayaan-1) and will map abundance of major rock-forming elements on the Moon including Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe. Assisting it is the SOLAR X-RAY MONITOR (XSM), which measures solar x-ray emission.
-   CHANDRA'S ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION EXPLORER(CHACE-2) is a neutral mass spectrometer that is based upon CHACE (a predecessor on Chandrayaan-1's Moon Impact Probe).
-   SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) will perform radar mapping of the surface in both L and S bands of the radio spectrum. It has heritage from MiniSAR on Chandrayaan-1 but will be the first L-band radar mapper to orbit the Moon.
-   IMAGING INFRA-RED SPECTROMETER (IIRS) is sensitive to light with wavelengths between 0.8 and 5 microns and has the specific goal of mapping the abundance of hydroxl ions and molecular water.
-   Finally, the ORBITER HIGH RESOLUTION CAMERA (OHRC) will perform high-resolution imaging of the landing site prior to the lander mission.

[CAD model of Chandrayaan-2, launch configuration]
CAD model of Chandrayaan-2, launch configuration Chandrayaan-2 consists of an orbiter, lander, and small rover. Here, the spacecraft is shown in its launch configuration. _From a presentation by M. Annadurai to the 60th UN COPUOS meeting._

Lander

Physically, the lander is shaped like a truncated square-based pyramid, built around a cylinder that houses the substantial propellant tank. It will perform inertial navigation throughout the descent using its Laser-gyro-based inertial reference unit and accelerometer package, LIRAP. The propulsion system includes four throttleable engines that can each provide 800 newtons of thrust, and 8 attitude rockets of 50 newtons each. The lander will communicate direct to Earth using a steerable, dual-gimbal, S-band radio antenna.

The lander has multiple cameras in its Hazard Detection and Avoidance (HDA) system, which it will use to determine horizontal velocity from feature tracking and identify the landing site using pattern matching. HDA also contains microwave and laser altimeters and a laser Doppler velocimiter. The HDA system collects data and instructs the rockets to fire to steer the lander to the landing site. I didn't find any reference that indicated whether the lander has the ability to photograph the landscape it's sitting on. Surely it must, but I don't know.

Once on the ground, the lander will deploy its science payload:

-   INSTRUMENT FOR LUNAR SEISMIC ACTIVITY (ILSA) will study moonquakes. Large enough quakes could allow it to study the Moon's deep interior, potentially from a polar position not accessible to the Apollo seismometers, which would be cool. This experiment will be a lot cooler if the lander is capable of surviving multiple lunar days.
-   CHANDRA’S SURFACE THERMOPHYSICAL EXPERIMENT (CHASTE) will measure thermal properties of the lunar surface.
-   RADIO ANATOMY OF MOON BOUND HYPERSENSITIVE IONOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERE (RAMBHA-LANGMUIR PROBE) will measure near surface plasma density and how it changes over the course of the lunar daytime. According to a recent _Nature_ article, lunar plasma is thought to participate in the levitation of lunar dust, a problem for future human exploration.

And, of course, the lander will carry a rover. The rover is very small, roughly Sojourner-sized, at 20 kilograms. Like NASA's Mars rovers, the Chandrayaan-2 rover uses a rocker-bogie suspension system supporting six independently motorized wheels, but unlike NASA's rovers its corner wheels do not steer. Therefore, it steers by rotating the wheels at different rates, like a tank. This is a perfectly fine method for a lightweight rover as long as the net effect of steering isn't to sink the rover into the soil.

To make sure the rover could move and steer on the Moon without embedding, ISRO developed a big sandbox filled with crushed anorthosite to test rover mobility in. When NASA does this with Mars rovers, they build full-size mobility system mockups with tiny bodies so the whole vehicle weighs on Earth what the real rover weighs on Mars, where gravity is a third of Earth's. But that wouldn't work for the already-small Chandrayaan-2 rover trying to simulate lunar gravity at a sixth of Earth's. So ISRO developed a different solution that I just love: attaching a giant helium-filled balloon to a duplicate test rover to counterbalance 5/6 of its weight. These tests succeeded, evidently.

[Mobility testing of the Chandrayaan-2 rover]
Mobility testing of the Chandrayaan-2 rover ISRO employs a balloon to counteract 5/6 of the weight of a duplicate of the Chandrayaan-2 rover in order to test its mobility on simulated lunar soil at lunar gravity. From M. Annadurai et al. presentation to the 10th IAA Symposium on the Future of Space Exploration, Torino, Italy, 27-29 June, 2017.

Because of its small size, the rover instrumentation is fairly limited, much like Sojourner's was. It has two navigation cameras for stereo path planning and an inclinometer for safety (drives will stop if the rover's inclination or motor current gets too high). It has no rear-facing cameras. It will use a small radio antenna for communication with the lander, which will relay rover data to Earth. The radio antenna is atop its vertically-mounted solar panel. Its solar panel is mounted vertically because of the near-polar landing site. That suggests the rover will need to turn in place after traverses to align the panel for good power production.

The rover is equipped with two science instruments for elemental composition, both of which point downward, beneath the rover: a LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPE (LIBS) and an ALPHA PARTICLE X-RAY SPECTROMETER. In general, LIBS will get you lower-mass elements and APXS will get you higher-mass elements, with substantial overlap between them. LIBS is faster, APXS more sensitive to trace elements if you can give it long enough integration time. Perhaps they will be using LIBS along traverses, and APXS at stops.

Interestingly, a paper I read about the LIBS instrument suggested it was designed for a one-year primary mission. Officially, the lander mission has an expected lifetime of 14 days, but maybe there is hope that it will survive a lunar night to do science on a second lunar day. That would be awesome. But any successful landing at all would be an enormous accomplishment for India; I don't want to get greedy.

Looking Ahead

Originally, Chandrayaan-2 was supposed to be a collaboration with the Russian space agency, but budget problems made Russia drop out, and India decided to go it alone. If Chandrayaan-2 succeeds, India's next step will be lunar sample return. They'd be following exactly the same path China has at the Moon, going quickly from a successful orbiter, to a lander/rover, to autonomous sample return. Unlike China, however, India is using international collaboration to increase its chances for success; Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe signed an agreement a couple of weeks ago to collaborate on a future joint lunar sample return mission.

A lot of people are trying to make the separate Chinese and Japanese/Indian lunar efforts into a race. To be sure, there is some national pride riding on successes in space, and reaching milestones first. But races have only one winner. We all win when more organizations launch scientific missions into space. All of these countries have shared the data they gathered during past missions with scientists and the public. India's mission landing near the south pole, and China's landing on farside, will only enhance global understanding of the Moon, regardless of who gets there first. India or China may yet be defeated by physics -- deep-space exploration is challenging -- but they won't be defeated by each other's success.

Good luck, saubhaagy to ISRO and India on the upcoming launch of Chandrayaan-2!

References

_Many thanks to Sriram Bhiravarasu for providing me some papers I used as sources for this article._

Annadurai M (2017) "Future Exploration Missions of ISRO" presentation to the 60th session of the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Exploration of Outer Space, 7-16 June 2017, Vienna, Austria

Annadurai M et al (2017) "Chandrayaan-2 lunar orbiter & lander mission" abstract presented to the 10th IAA Symposium on the Future of Space Exploration: Towards the Moon Village and Beyond, 27-29 June 2017, Torino, Italy

Further reading

See everything I've written or edited about Chandrayaan-2 here.

An enthusiast website about Chandrayaan-2 maintained by Vijainder K Thakur is full of useful information, most of it with sources, though sources aren't linked.

Also useful to follow are Chandrayaan-2 threads at nasaspaceflight.com and unmannedspaceflight.com, and the ISRO news thread at defenceforumindia.com.

There are some interesting photos of rover hardware components by journalist Pallava Bagla at Getty Images.

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question: Describe the process of launching Chandrayaan-2 into orbit.

text: The landing of Chandrayaan-2 won't be controlled from Earth.

answer: The GSLV will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, enlarging it over days or weeks with periapsis burns to raise the orbit apogee. Eventually, the apogee will be high enough that a burn can send the spacecraft on to a lunar transfer trajectory. A lunar orbit insertion burn will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit and the spacecraft will begin braking at periapsis to reduce its orbit to a 100-kilometer circle. I haven't found a reference that says how long this process is expected to take from launch to final orbit, but a similar process took Chandrayaan-1 three weeks, from October 22 to November 12, 2008.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The last sentence is not relevant.

text: The answer is a copy-and-paste from the text.

text: The last line is unnecessary and distracting.

text: The last two sentences are verbatim from the article and do not answer the question.

answer:
The Chandrayaan-2, which includes an orbiter, lander, and a small rover is India's first attempt at a soft landing on the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to launch from ISRO's Sriharikota launch center using a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2 (GSLV Mk2).
The GSLV will launch Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, which can take days or weeks. This process will continue until a lunar orbit insertion places Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit. Once Chandrayann-2 is in orbit ar the Moon, the landing process can begin. While the orbiter does not care for the moon phase, the lander and rover need a bit of sunlight for power so the timing of the launch is crucial. The landing will be autonomous with the lander separating from the orbiter, changing its orbit around the Moon to one. At an altitude of 7 kilometers, the lander will take photos of the lunar surface and determine which trajectory is necessary to bring it to its desired landing site. It will then use a hazard sensor to map the lunar surface for potential hazards while it scans for a safe location to touch down. Once the lander safely lands and cuts its engines, the rover will roll out to complete its mission.

text: The answer is a summary of the article, not just the process of launching the spacecraft.

text: The answer is a copy of the article. It should be rewritten.

text: The highlighted text is unnecessary.

text: The last two sentences are irrelevant to the question.

text: The last sentence is inaccurate as the lander needs to use the hazard avoidance sensor to map the surface for potential hazards and select a safe location to touchdown.

text: Unneeded sentence that is better suited toward the end of the answer.

answer:
The Chandrayaan-2, which includes an orbiter, lander, and a small rover is India's first attempt at a soft landing on the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to launch from ISRO's Sriharikota launch center using a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2 (GSLV Mk2).
The GSLV will launch Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, which can take days or weeks. This process will continue until a lunar orbit insertion places Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit. Once Chandrayann-2 is in orbit ar the Moon, the landing process can begin. While the orbiter does not care for the moon phase, the lander and rover need a bit of sunlight for power so the timing of the launch is crucial. The landing will be controlled from the earth with the lander separating from the orbiter, changing its orbit around the Moon to one. At an altitude of 7 kilometers, the lander will take photos of the lunar surface and determine which trajectory is necessary to bring it to its desired landing site. It will then use a hazard sensor to map the lunar surface for potential hazards while it scans for a safe location to touch down. Once the lander safely lands and cuts its engines, the rover will roll out to complete its mission.

text: The lander and rover don't need sunlight for power. They need it for warmth.

text: The answer is a summary of the article, not just the process of launching Chandrayaan-2 into orbit.

text: The lander and rover payloads are more limited than the orbiter, but the lander is the first demonstration of a soft lander.

text: The answer should mention the mission profile.

text: The answer is a copy of the article and should be rewritten.

text: The highlighted text is extraneous and should be removed.

text: The lander has one mission: touch the ground. After that, the rover rolls out. The sentences are jumbled here.

text: The first sentence is irrelevant.

answer: The GSLV will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, enlarging it over days or weeks with periapsis burns to raise the orbit apogee. Eventually, the apogee will be high enough that a burn can send the spacecraft on to a lunar transfer trajectory. A lunar orbit insertion burn will place Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit and the spacecraft will begin braking at periapsis to reduce its orbit to a 100-kilometer circle. I haven't found a reference that says how long this process is expected to take from launch to final orbit, but a similar process took Chandrayaan-1 three weeks, from October 22 to November 12, 2008.

text: The answer should only use third person. It would be better to say "A reference hasn't been found that says how long..."

answer:
The Chandrayaan-2, which includes an orbiter, lander, and a small rover is India's first attempt at a soft landing on the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to launch from ISRO's Sriharikota launch center using a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2 (GSLV Mk2).
The GSLV will launch Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical Earth parking orbit, which can take days or weeks. This process will continue until a lunar orbit insertion places Chandrayaan-2 into an elliptical orbit. Once Chandrayann-2 is in orbit ar the Moon, the landing process can begin. While the orbiter does not care for the moon phase, the lander and rover need a bit of sunlight for power so the timing of the launch is crucial. The landing will be controlled from the earth with the lander separating from the orbiter, changing its orbit around the Moon to one. At an altitude of 7 kilometers, the lander will take photos of the lunar surface and determine which trajectory is necessary to bring it to its desired landing site. It will then use a hazard sensor to map the lunar surface for potential hazards while it scans for a safe location to touch down. Once the lander safely lands and cuts its engines, the rover will roll out to complete its mission.