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The Internet and social media sites like Facebook and Twitter have democratized elections, made the world more interconnected, and allowed the velocity of information to be faster than ever before.

But an extensive eight-month investigation by the Government Accountability Institute (GAI) released on Monday found these same forces can also be the greatest threat to America’s sovereignty _(visit campaignfundingrisks.com to download the full report)_. These technologies allow foreign donors to anonymously circumvent U.S. campaign finance laws and directly influence elections by donating repeatedly to candidates.

The 108-page GAI report found nearly half of Congress, both political parties and presidential candidates, and third-party fundraising groups that funnel money to political parties and candidates were vulnerable to fraudulent and foreign donations. This is a bipartisan problem potentially impacting all levels of government, as those whose organizations were found to have been vulnerable include President Barack Obama, Mitt Romney, Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL), the Democratic National Committee (DNC), the Republican National Committee (RNC), and third-party groups like ActBlue, which funnels money to progressive politicians.

And the report found that the website Obama.com, which is not owned by President Barack Obama’s campaign but redirects to the campaign’s official donation page, may make the Obama campaign the most susceptible to illicit foreign donations. Obama.com is connected to an Obama campaign bundler, Robert Roche, who is from Chicago but now lives and co-founded a corporation in China. Roche has direct ties to China’s state-owned banking industry.

Peter Schweizer, president of GAI, told Breitbart News the ease with which foreigners could donate to American candidates puts America’s sovereignty in peril.

“Foreign donations mean that we no longer make our election decisions anymore,” Schweizer told Breitbart News.

Schweizer said he had initially thought “we would find some bloggers overseas with motivation to support a presidential candidate encouraging people to make donations,” but he was “very surprised” by the study’s findings, including how easy it was for foreigners to use “robo-donation” programs that allow foreigners to potentially make thousands of small-dollar, fraudulent and automated donations to candidates.

Schweizer said he “never thought” the GAI would find mysterious redirect sites like Obama.com and was “surprised how little security is required to receive online donations.”

“We are basically trusting political consultants and fundraisers to do the right thing when no one is looking,” Schweizer said.

The report found nearly half of Congress was vulnerable to fraudulent and foreign directions. Of the 446 House and Senate members who have an online donation page, 47.3% do not require the Card Verification Value (CVV), which is the three or four-digit security code on the back of credit cards, for internet donations. Those in Congress who are vulnerable to foreign donations can be seen at www.CampaignFundingRisks.com.

“Candidates appear content with lax security, negligently inviting foreign or fraudulent cash into their campaign,” the report notes.

And the Obama campaign seems to be the most content with the “lax security.”

The FEC requires campaigns to make their “best efforts” to collect identifying information on all contributors who donate more than $50.30 and even more specific information, such as the donor’s occupation and employer, for donations over $200.

As the report notes, donations less than $50, though, fall under the “Pass-the-Hat” rule, which means campaigns can report all such donations under a lump sum and do not have to make their “best efforts” to collecting information on these small-dollar donors.

Because foreigners can exploit the “Pass-the-Hat” rule, the report  found that “any campaign not using these industry-standard security tools is increasing its costs and unnecessarily increasing the risk of at least two types of potential fraud”:

  The Fraudulent High Dollar Donor(s): -the fraudulent high dollar donor is politically motivated and is seeking to avoid detection by making numerous donations below the $200 dollar threshold, over which their donation must be identified; they may seek to exceed campaign donation limits.

  The Unintentional Fraudster -a foreign national who is unaware of U.S. election laws but sympathetic to the campaign. Such an individual can easily end up on a campaign donation page. Given that a number of campaigns list the U.S. donation laws in an inconspicuous place on the “donate” page, it is easy to see how illegal donations can be made with no malicious intent.

And the Obama campaign is most vulnerable to both types of fraudsters.

For example, the study found “the Obama campaign regularly and aggressively posts solicitations for donations and campaign memorabilia on Facebook,” and “the campaign does not make clear in these postings that only U.S. citizens or permanent residents are allowed to contribute.” Fundraising solicitations from the Obama campaign have gone out to foreigners, asking them to contribute in amounts of less than $200. Similar solicitations have been posted in Arabic, Taiwanese, and Chinese on Facebook and on Middle Eastern and Asian websites.

Even though the Obama campaign is touted for its technological sophistication and sites run by top Obama technology advisers use the “CVV” feature, the Obama campaign itself does not use the “CVV” feature on its donation pages — even though it does use the feature on the merchandise pages where it sells campaign merchandise.

This means someone who donates $2,500 to the campaign online has to go through less security than someone who goes online to buy an Obama campaign mug.

“This creates a security risk that is compounded by the considerable foreign interest in President Obama’s political history, personal story, and views,” the report notes.

And according to the study, BarackObama.com, the campaign’s main website, receives approximately 43% of its traffic from foreign IP addresses.

In addition, popular websites touting Obama’s campaign and linking to its donation page have been found in places like China, Azerbaijan, Vietnam, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, Norway, Egypt, Hong Kong, and South Korea.

The report notes that not using the CVV feature “is quite possibly costing the campaign millions of dollars in additional fees,” but the campaign is still not using it. Perhaps this is so because the Obama campaign has benefited from donations slipping through the cracks in the past.

In 2008, the report discovered that an individual using the name “Doodad Pro” made at least 791 contributions totaling $19,065 to the Obama campaign while others named “Good Will,” “Test Person” from “Some Place, UT,” “gjtjtjtjtjtjr, AP,” and “QWERTTYYU” also contributed to the campaign.

The most interesting — or suspicious — site is Obama.com, which the campaign strangely does not own. According to the report, nearly 68% of internet traffic to Obama.com comes from foreign locations. And the website is connected to Robert Roche, who lives in China and co-founded a Chinese company called Acorn International. Roche, the report found, made 19 visits to the White House since 2009, including being seated at the head table during a State dinner with Chinese president Hu Jintao in 2011.

Unlike the Obama campaign, the Romney campaign website uses the “CVV” feature but it is not without vulnerabilities.

For instance, Romney’s campaign also has Facebook and Twitter accounts in Arabic that give off the impression they are associated with the Romney campaign. These accounts link to the Romney campaign’s page and are presumably for a foreign audience.

In addition, the report found some of Romney’s top bundlers, like Akin Gump’s Tom Loeffler, have lobbied for foreign governments like Saudi Arabia.

Since 1980, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, the Chinese government, powerful Indonesian families, foreign criminal gangs, and the Turkish government have tried to influence American officials through campaign donations.

Turkish government officials, the report notes, once bragged about sending hundreds of thousands of dollars in “un-itemized contributions” to then Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert’s campaign between 1996 and 2000 and the government of Pakistan has shuttled campaign donations through intermediaries to presidential candidates and members of Congress who sat on the Foreign Affairs Committee, such as Congressman Dan Burton.

With the internet, foreigners can now attempt to influence American officials anonymously and conveniently — with the click of a mouse.

According to the study, influential members of Congress had websites that made them vulnerable to illicit foreign donations. For instance, Rep. Ilena Ros-Lehtinen, Chairman of the House International Affairs Committee, had a campaign website that prior to May 1, 2012 did not require the CVV to contribute to her campaign. Though there was no evidence of illicit campaign contributions, her website was vulnerable to them.

The study also found that during Sen. Marco Rubio’s 2010 senate run, Rubio’s campaign did not require the CVV from his online contributors and foreign websites, including many in South America, often featured videos that urged viewers to “donate” to Rubio’s campaign. One potential reason for Rubio’s popularity abroad on websites was the idea of “ethnic solidarity” among Hispanics willing to support a rising star of the same heritage.

The report also noted foreigners can also donate to third-party organizations on both sides of the aisle that funnel money to political candidates.

The GAI study acknowledged “by design, social media’s expansive and viral nature disseminates information, ideas, and causes,” and as a result, “social media is difficult to control, and indeed should not be controlled.”

“Campaigns need to be aware that the age of social media is an age where donation requests go viral, reaching the furthest corners of the world,” the report notes. “Failure to employ industry standard security and transparent accountability is almost an invitation to foreign money to inject itself into federal campaigns.”

The United States has laws against foreign campaign donations to protect its sovereignty and, in January 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld these laws banning foreign contributions were constitutional.

The GAI report recommends election officials:

-   Integrate safeguards to limit the solicitation of money from foreigners by requiring donors with foreign IP addresses to provide proof of U.S. citizenship before they can proceed to the donate page
-   Immediately require campaigns to use industry-standard anti-fraud security technologies including, but not limited to, the Card Verification Value (CVV) and a rigorous Address Verification System (AVS)
-   Immediately require all campaigns to retain and disclose identifying information on all online campaign contributions, including those falling under the $200 nondisclosure threshold currently allowed under federal law
-   Address the threat of “Robo-Donations”: The absence of industry-standard anti-fraud credit card security features render campaigns more vulnerable to so-called “robo-donations.” Robo-donations are large numbers of small, automated donations made through the Internet to evade FEC reporting requirements.

Schweizer, president of GAI, put a particular emphasis on the “robo-donations” that “can literally make a thousand small contributions under different names to fall below the disclosure thresholds.”

These “robo-donations” essentially allow foreigners to threaten America’s sovereignty and potentially undermine its elections, which is why Schweizer said it is “absolutely essential” to mandate more disclosure and credit card security for campaign donations.

“Amazon.com uses more credit card security for online book purchases than many federal candidates accepting $2,000 campaign donations via credit card,” Schweizer said. “To protect the integrity of U.S. elections, that must change.”

question: Summarize the "Pass-the-Hat" rule.

text: The last sentence is not supported by the text.

answer: In the United States, when donations to political campaigns of more than $50.30 are made, there is supposed to be identifying information collected on the donator in order to prevent giving that breaks the law. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule applies to donations under $50, and means that campaigns can report all donations under $50 as a lump sum without donor details. This rule has been discovered and exploited by foreign donors, while others donate innocently, unaware of U.S. donation laws. Either way, the rule makes a loop-hole for campaigns to receive illegal donations. The name of the rule originated in open-air political gatherings, where hats were passed to collect donations from supporters.

answer: The "Pass-the-Hat" rule allows campaigns to report all donations under a lump sum and not have to make their "best efforts" to collecting information on small-dollar donors. This means that foreigners can exploit the "Pass-the-Hat" rule and make donations without being detected. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule is used by both the Obama and Romney campaigns.

text: The last sentence is not relevant to the question.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The last sentence is false.

text: The answer should mention that the "Pass-the-Hat" rule applies to donations under $50.

text: The "Pass-the-Hat" rule is presumably used by the Obama and Romney campaigns, although the article doesn't mention this.

answer: In the United States, when donations to political campaigns of more than $50.30 are made, there is supposed to be identifying information collected on the donator in order to prevent giving that breaks the law. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule applies to donations under $50, and means that campaigns can report all donations under $50 as a lump sum without donor details. This rule has been discovered and exploited by foreign donors, while others donate innocently, unaware of U.S. donation laws. Either way, the rule makes a loop-hole for campaigns to receive illegal donations. The name of the rule originated in open-air political gatherings, where hats were passed to collect donations from supporters.

text: The last two sentences are unattested.

text: The origin of the name is unattested.

text: The name of the rule is not relevant

text: The second sentence is unnecessary.

text: The article does not mention where the name "Pass-the-Hat" originated.

text: The second sentence is redundant and unnecessary.

text: The gray text is missing qualifiers to make it clear the author of GAI (and the text) has these views, not the author of the question or answer.

text: The origin of the name is unattested.

answer: In the United States, when donations to political campaigns of more than $50.30 are made, there is supposed to be identifying information collected on the donator in order to prevent giving that breaks the law. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule applies to donations under $50, and means that campaigns can report all such donations as a lump sum without donor details. This rule has been discovered and exploited by foreign donors, while others donate and are unaware of donation laws. Either way, the rule makes a loop-hole for campaigns to receive illegal donations.

text: The answer is a bit off. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule is about donations under $50.30.

text: The answer should mention the loophole the rule creates.

text: The answer should mention that the "Pass-the-Hat" rule is a loophole.

text: The answer is a bit off-topic.

text: The answer is not specific about the "Pass-the-Hat" rule.

text: The first sentence doesn't describe the "Pass-the-Hat" rule.

text: The article doesn't mention foreign donors using the loophole to make illegal donations.

text: The last line is a bit off.

text:
The answer should state that any campaign not using these industry-standard security tools increases its costs.
It should also mention the two types of potential frauds: The Fraudulent High Dollar Donor(s) and The Unintentional Fraudster.

answer: The "Pass-the-Hat" rule allows campaigns to report all donations under a lump sum and not have to make their "best efforts" to collecting information on small-dollar donors. This means that foreigners can exploit the "Pass-the-Hat" rule and make donations without being detected. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule is used by both the Obama and Romney campaigns.

answer: In the United States, when donations to political campaigns of more than $50.30 are made, there is supposed to be identifying information collected on the donator in order to prevent giving that breaks the law. The "Pass-the-Hat" rule applies to donations under $50, and means that campaigns can report all such donations as a lump sum without donor details. This rule has been discovered and exploited by foreign donors, while others donate and are unaware of donation laws. Either way, the rule makes a loop-hole for campaigns to receive illegal donations.


text:
	Sweat dripping from his brow, Zuberi strides from the middle of the iridescent soccer field towards the penalty box. He feels the roar of thousands urging him to make the game winning shot of the FIFA World Cup. The stadium seemed to stretch into the heavens. It was filled with thousands of people wearing shades of black, yellow, purple, and white. His sharp brown eyes wandered upward to the scoreboard behind the goal post. The long rectangular box covered in famous sponsors displayed the two large numbers. 3 on one side, and 3 displaying for the opposing team. In his long stride to the goal, he reminisces on his journey to this moment.

	His first thoughts trail back to his small home in Boma. Everyday the people of Boma struggled to survive. He remembered the taste of the air the most. Always dry, rain was a blessing that never came. The lack of rain brought hunger for most of the people of Boma. In those days, Zuberi did not have shoes and always thought his feet would one day be like the elders, cracked and rough enough to not be pained by the gravel. The young man was always hungry; his skinny lanky frame reflected that. The village consisted of wooden huts with a well centering the village that on peaceful days provided sustenance for the cattle. A few trees provided shade, which was usually occupied by the wives and young children to work in, while the men tended to the cattle.

The village attempted to take care of Zuberi’s family, as his father was killed in action with the Swaziland army battalion in the north, after the rebels took his younger brother, but everyone was struggling. Soon after, his mother fell into madness and walked toward the safari in the middle of the night and did not come back. His family was toward the bottom of a long list of problems for Boma. To add to Boma’s problems, every night the village would fear that the rebel army would come and storm the village, setting fire to buildings, attacking or stealing cattle, and enslaving their people.

	The first thing he did when he arose in the morning was walk the dry desert to a small mud pit. Zuberi measured the path to be about ten soccer fields long, or at least he felt as tired as he did if he had ran the same length. He used his hands and sticks to dig until he found a water reserve and would fill up an old plastic container until he had enough to get by for the day. Zuberi was a tall, lanky boy, but he was blessed with a strong grip. At times, the small logs would break from the pressure between Zuberi and the dry ground. The walk back to the village with his water bucket everyday had hardened his frame and made him stronger. He had a few reprieves in his long day and one of them was luncheon.

	Zuberi and many other young children in his village considered the thirty-minute break during school to be heaven. It was a small brick house made by the Britains. They would sometimes have sweets and other goods for the children, but his favorite gift to the school was the old soccer ball and goal post. It was actually just three sections of fallen trees near the village that the military had put up, but it brought joy to his life. The school provided small lunches and after scarfing down their food most of the children would use the rest of their short break to go to the weedy soccer field. Most of the grass was in the center and the rest was mostly dirt with a few weeds here and there, but it was big enough and the children’s imagination could do the rest.

“Oi! Zuberi! Oiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!.”

Zuberi heard his one friend from Boma that was his age that accompanied him to school named Kibwe. Kibwe was taller than Zuberi, but built much differently. His skin tone was much lighter, with a tremendous wingspan. Kibwe’s arms came down to right above his knees. He was thicker than Zuberi, but both boys were clearly not fed as well as some of the boys they had seen on the satellite television the military men had. He was dressed in an old white collared shirt with red stripes. The white was slightly off color, due to the dirt. He wore knee high baby blue shorts and he had no shoes just like Zuberi.

“Zuberi, are you ready to play today?” Kibwe asked Zuberi.
As the words fell from his lips, a big smile spread across Zuberi and Kibwe’s faces. They were blessed with one thing and one thing only: an amazing intellectual and natural ability at soccer. The talent each of them possessed was beyond this world. Most days Zuberi and Kibwe would play against all the other children, and time and time again, they would always manage a way to win. It got to the point where they would dance with the ball with one foot, or Zuberi and Kibwe would have to play on opposing teams to make the game fair. The other children would always think of rules that Zuberi and Kibwe would always more than happily follow. The younger children would always admire them and joke about being the next Roger Milla, or Pele, or Eto, all North African soccer greats. Just names for most of the children, but some had the chance to have seen a few soccer games from the military troops, small satellite televisions or had heard from their parents about the World Championship game in the early nineties.

Zuberi and Kibwe would play a game against each other once or twice a month. They had been keeping score for 30 matches, 16 for Zuberi, 10 for Kibwe, and 4 were draws. However after their 31st match a small argument took place between the boys.
Kibwe swallowed his luncheon before he spoke about the match.
“So, we’ve been playing matches for months now and we’ve come to a tie! A thirteen-thirteen split, with 4 draws!

Zuberi almost choked on his rice, while sitting cross legged in the brick school house.
“I think not. You recall wrong.”

“What makes you so certain?”

“Whose snoring was it that shook the rafters in arithmetic? The score is now sixteen for myself, and 11 for you, and four draws.

“I suppose that could be a good point.”

Soccer was their favorite reprieve they had from their rough life. Between the rebel army and the government troops fighting and children being taken in the middle of the night, it was surprising that soccer brought them so much joy.

 The biggest thing the boys looked forward to was the semi-annual soccer tournament between the neighboring villages. It only consisted of three teams, one from each neighboring village, and sure enough every team had heard about the Boys from Boma. The tournament only drew a small crowd of no more than fifty spectators, but in the children’s minds it was as large as one of the World Cup games they had heard of in their books and through the words of elders. The cheers from their small village felt like thousands were screaming for them to win. The biggest worry for the boys was the neighboring village of Jelani. They had a full roster and substitutes and had soccer balls with an actual field to play in.

Kibwe and Zuberi game planned for weeks for this tournament. Of course, the two boys were the captains for Boma. They would train and drill the younger children at school after their short lunch breaks. The drills would have them juggling the ball around the small weeds, substitutes for cones, running back and forth across the field, and even the military men would come outside and cheer on the children from time to time.
As the morning of the tournament came, Zuberi, as on every morning went to the mud pits to fetch his remaining siblings water for the day. He felt exhilarated. He had the drive to win, and his sibling urged him to bring the honor to Boma.
Jelani was closer to the riverbank, and because of this had short fields of grass for the cattle and for the boys to play on. The men of Jelani had ushered the cattle the last few weeks to shorten the grass for the makeshift soccer field for the boys. The children were not to be fazed. A few of the boys who had siblings and mothers come to the game waved at them sitting cross legged on one side of the field. There were no field markings, but it was grass and Zuberi loved the feeling of the grass between his feet. The itchiness did not bother him, it was much softer than the gravel and dirt he was used to.

The tournament was setup so that the home town of Jelani received a first round bye and Boma and Mabani would face each other. Zuberi and Kibwe dominated all aspects of this game and scored goal after goal, which soon led to a four to nothing score after the final yell to declare time from an elder was blown. Zuberi glanced at the boys on the Jelani side of the field and saw in their eyes a level of respect.
The two boys were drenched in sweat, but kept their faces stiff and showed no signs of fatigue. Little did the players of Jelani know, the two stars were exhausted. They had rooted all their energy toward the first game.  Jelani was well rested and prepared. The other children of Boma would have to play hard this game to have the chance to defeat Jelani.
“We need you this game, Zuberi,” Kibwe said as he put a hand on Zuberi’s shoulder.
“I have played too hard the first game, I don’t think I can push that hard again,” Zuberi replied.

“You’ve always been better than me. You’ve always been better than the soldiers and the elders. I don’t think I’ve seen you ever try as hard as you can. You see all those people are out there just for us. You must push. You are the best player in North Africa.”

An opening yelp from an elder began the game. Jelani started aggressive and pushed toward Boma. The Jelani team was on the Boma side of the field for most of the game, but the score was still drawn to zero to zero at the half. Kibwe called his for his teammates to play for each other and to give everything they could for thirty more minutes and not let their practice times at lunch go to waste.

“For us sportsmen who want to be champions, the mind is as important, than any other part of the body. We have trained hard and we have come too far to lose now. The only way to win is as a team. Football is not about two or three stars. There is no trophy for this game, but there is still a prize. Bragging rights.”

Mentally reinvigorated, the Boma team stepped back on the field. Both teams pushed hard, but Jelani seemed to have the advantage, but as the referee called for extra time, with Jelani on the Boma side of the field, Kibwe dished his leg out toward the opposing striker and managed to steal the ball. Kibwe dribbled across the side line with the ball and saw Zuberi toward the half way mark. With so many players pushing forward for Jelani, the only players they had in the back field were two defenders and their goalie. The boys from Boma were both in the opponent’s side of the field, with Zuberi toward the penalty box and Kibwe more toward the far corner. One of the defenders was starting to rush toward Kibwe and he knew that Zuberi could beat anyone man to man. Kibwe launched the ball in the air toward Zuberi as he caught it up with the top of his foot. He didn’t have much time as the rest of the Jelani squad were rushing toward their side of the field. A small side step and a spin later the only thing left between Boma’s soccer team’s bragging rights was the goalie. Zuberi stopped feeling the ache in his shoulders, and legs and only felt the ball. Everything in his mind went silent and the world seemed to slow down.  All he could hear was Kibwe’s echo, “You are the best player in North Africa.” His whole body tuned into the kick, he raised his leg and all the sound rushed back into his head and felt the sores in his body once more. A defender had blind sided him before he could pull the kick off. Groans from the Boma side of the crowd were immediate as well as a few boys wrestling on the other side of the field.

	The referee called for a penalty shot. As would happen in similar fashion many years later. Zuberi strided toward the penalty box, sweat dripping from his brow, and what felt like thousands cheering for him to make the game winning shot, but then as the ball was placed in front of him. He heard nothing but silence. His body still ached, but it was time for him to end the game. He rushed the ball, and lifted his leg once more to strike the ball toward the goal. It was all a young boy could take and as he struck the ball he fell forward, but he had barely touched the ground as his teammates hoisted him up on their shoulders.  He felt immense joy and he felt that his smile was almost too big for his face. All he saw was everyone looking at him pride and ivory smiles from all his teammates. Nothing seemed to go right for him, but this was his one time that he could feel happy and be prideful of something.

“Oi! Eto or Pele can’t even stop Zuberi and Kibwe!” A teammate shouted.
The rest of the day the young boys chanted, “The Boys from Boma!”
The next day was the same as every day in Boma. The boys woke up, as always, dug in the mud pits and hauled their buckets of water back toward home. The older boys and men tended to the cattle, and the young children walked to school. Once again, the boys ate their lunches quickly, so they could spend some more time on the soccer field, but today there was a tall dark middle aged man on the field with his hands behind his back. A big smile was across his face, with a big gap in the middle. He was muscular, but not as tall as some of the men in the village, but definitely was eating much better. His eyes lit up as he saw all the young boys running toward him, kicking up dust in their strides.

“Oi! Who are you old man! This is our field!” One little boy said aggressively.
The man replied, “I have come to see the Boys from Boma.”
Kibwe and Zuberi stepped forward, a little nervous hop in their steps.
“I come from the capital Yaounde, and even I have heard about the two skilled strikers from Boma. I wish to play you both in a little match.” The long smile did not drop from the old man’s face as he brought his hands around to show the boys a brand new soccer ball.

The boys eyes lit up and a few even had their mouths open.
“If you defeat me, you shall keep this.”
The other boys from the school had dropped to the sidelines and the only people left on the field were Zuberi, Kibwe, and the mysterious dark man and the whistle that sounded through the air.

	The man dominated Zuberi and Kibwe, besting them at the game they were best at. The poor boys stood defeated without soccer ball in hand and felt the misery of Boma once again, but the man tossed the ball toward the children without a second thought.

title: [RF] The Boys of Boma

question: In this tale how does one man's act of kindness lead to success for Zuberi?

text: This answer fails to point out the end result of the act of kindness, Zuberi's promising future.

category: coverage

answer: At the end of the story, a man appears on the soccer field in Zuberi's village. He offers to give the boys a soccer ball if they can beat him at the game. The boys were unable to beat the man but he gave them the ball anyway. As a result, Zuberi was able to practice his favorite game and went on to represent his country at the FIFA World Cup.

answer_source: Human

text: Zuberi was able to practice soccer by playing with his friends, the new soccer ball does not change that. There is a deeper context to the story. Zuberi and his friend had constant victories up to the point where they meet the man. While it is not directly stated, it is implied that by meeting the man and experiencing defeat for the first time, Zuberi matured as a player. There is a concept of learning from experiencing mistakes. Prior to meeting the man, Zuberi knows the concept of losing but has not felt it for himself since he always wins. So while Zuberi has had a rival to grow with, he has never met an opponent who would be able to best him to a degree that he realizes that the sport he plays has so much more depth than he thought. This gives him an additional goal to reach or obstacle to overcome. While this kind of experience may not generally be a source of growth for all people (each individual has their own personalities), the narrative implies that it did apply to Zuberi.

category: accuracy

answer: A man who has heard of the " Boys of Boma" visits their village and offers a soccer ball in exchange for a game. Even though they lose, they are joyful as his offer gives them something to aspire to.

answer_source: Model

text: He doesn't offer them a soccer ball in exchange for a game; he says they can have it if they beat him in a game.

text: The answer should mention that he gives them the soccer ball even though they lose.

answer: At the end of the story, a man appears on the soccer field in Zuberi's village. He offers to give the boys a soccer ball if they can beat him at the game. The boys were unable to beat the man but he gave them the ball anyway.

answer_source: Human misleading

answer: At the end of the story, a man appears on the soccer field in Zuberi's village. He offers to give the boys a soccer ball if they can beat him at the game. The boys were unable to beat the man but he gave them the ball anyway. As a result, Zuberi was able to practice his favorite game and went on to represent his country at the FIFA World Cup.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man's act of kindness does not lead to success for Zuberi.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man's act of kindness doesn't lead to success for Zuberi.

text: The man doesn't lead to success for Zuberi.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man's act of kindness didn't lead to success for Zuberi.

text: The man's giving of the ball does not lead to success for Zuberi, but his challenging them does.

text: The last sentence is not accurate.

answer: At the end of the story, a man appears on the soccer field in Zuberi's village. He offers to give the boys a soccer ball if they can beat him at the game. The boys were unable to beat the man but he gave them the ball anyway.

text: The answer is irrelevant.

text: The answer is not related.

text: The answer should mention the old man's encouragement.

text: The answer does not mention the success Zuberi achieves.

text: The answer should mention the man's talent.

text: It's not clear if the man's offer and subsequent actions led to success for Zuberi.

text: The question should focus on the match that the man came to see.

answer: A man who has heard of the " Boys of Boma" visits their village and offers a soccer ball in exchange for a game. Even though they lose, they are joyful as his offer gives them something to aspire to.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man doesn't offer the ball in exchange for a game. He says that if they win, they get to keep the ball.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man doesn't offer the ball in exchange for a game. He says that if they win, they can keep the ball.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man doesn't offer anything in exchange for the game.

text: The answer is incorrect. The man does not offer the ball in exchange for a game.

text: The answer should mention that the man is from the capital.

text: The man does not offer the ball in exchange for the game.

text: The answer should mention that the man is a professional player.

text: The answer is suggests that he won't get the ball back in they win, which is included in the answer, is inaccurate.


text:
_I CENTO PASSI_ (English: _ONE HUNDRED STEPS_ or _THE HUNDRED STEPS_) is an Italian film released in 2000, directed by Marco Tullio Giordana about the life of Peppino Impastato, a political activist who opposed the Mafia in Sicily. The story takes place in the small town of Cinisi in the province of Palermo, the home town of the Impastato family. One hundred steps was the number of steps it took to get from the Impastato house to the house of the Mafia boss Tano Badalamenti. The film has been released on Regions 2 and 4 DVDs but a Region 1 release has yet to be made.

Plot

The film opens with Peppino as a small child singing the popular song “Nel blu, dipinto di blu” with his brother in the back seat of a car on the way to a family gathering. The family is of good standing in the community and they are celebrating this. In this scene, the relationship between Peppino and his uncle Cesare Manzella is established. His uncle is a Don or Mafia boss in the small town of Cinisi where the story is set. In a scene, soon after the happy family gathering, we see Don Cesare killed by a car bomb which was planted by a rival Mafia boss. This ends Peppino’s time of innocence. Even as a small child he is thrust into the realities of life in the Mafia.

After his uncle’s funeral, he goes to a local painter, Stefano Venuti, who is also a very outspoken member of the communist party in Sicily, to paint a picture of Cesare. Stefano refuses and does not really give him a reason. He did not get along with Cesare when he was alive because of their great difference in political views but he cannot explain this to the sad stubborn little boy. Stefano ends up taking Peppino under his wing and puts his stubborn persistent energy to better use by working with the Communist Party in Sicily. The story then jumps to when Peppino is a young adult in his early 20s protesting against the government expropriating land that belonged to local farmers to build an airport with his Comrades in the Communist Party. They all end up in the local jail where Peppino is bailed out by his father.

After this incident, Peppino brings Stefano an article he has written for a local propaganda newspaper titled “La Mafia è una montagna di merda” or “The Mafia is a pile of shit” which Stefano deems to be too extreme and very dangerous to publish. This is the point where there is a break between Peppino and Stefano. Peppino becomes more and more extreme in his hatred for the Mafia and his need to expose all of the corruption that is happening in the town. Peppino and his father get into an argument because of this article and this causes a rift between Peppino and his family.

[The house of Gaetano Badalamenti, hundred steps from Peppino's family house] Peppino’s next step to expose the Mafia was to create a radio station with his friends called “radio Aut” which condemned the Mafia and told about don Tano’s participation in the drug trade. At this point, Peppino’s father is under a lot of pressure to make his son stop what he is doing. Peppino gets kicked out of his family’s house. His mother is still looking out for him. She brings him books and keeps him hidden from his father. Meanwhile, Luigi cannot handle the situation that Peppino has created at home so he goes to visit his relatives in America. They tell him that they can get Peppino a job in radio in America if he wants.

Shortly after Luigi returns from America, he has a conversation with Peppino and then gets hit by a car on his walk home from his restaurant. Peppino does not acknowledge his father's Mafia friends at his funeral. This was not unexpected from him and it was rude and dangerous. By this point, Peppino starts to doubt in the people's commitment to resist the Mafia. He feels like he is all alone in his resistance. He decides to run for office in a local election running under a very small leftist party while continuing his radio crusade.

The Mafia eventually gets tired of Peppino and decides that life would be easier without him. They have men follow him in his car one night and when he stops at a railroad crossing they drag him out of his car beat him until he cannot move, tie him to the railroad tracks with TNT and blow him up. His friends realize that something's up and go looking for Peppino. They cannot find anything until the morning when they find the police in the spot where Peppino has been killed. They can see the blood on the ground from where he was beaten. They protest vehemently to the police to investigate it as murder (as it obviously was from the evidence) but the police, having been influenced by the Mafia, rule the case terrorist act, and then later on as suicide and leave. At his funeral, there is a huge demonstration of support from the many people who he had made an impact on in his ten years of anti-Mafia and Communist party work.

Peppino Impastato was killed on May 9, 1978. The case was originally treated as a suicide and no one was convicted for his murder until 1997 when the case was reopened and Gaetano Badalamenti was convicted and given a life sentence for the murder of Peppino Impastato.

Main characters

-   Giuseppe “Peppino” Impastato – Played by Luigi Lo Cascio is the young activist that this movie is based on. At a young age he became very aware of the harsh reality of the Mafia when his uncle was blown up by a car bomb. He becomes a very active member of the Communist party in Sicily. He creates a radio station, radio Aut, to get the word out on how bad the Mafia is and identifies the Mafia boss on the air. He also used it as an extreme form of free speech and a rallying point for the youth of Sicily.
-   Luigi Impastato – Played by Luigi Maria Burruano is Peppino’s father and works for the local Mafia boss who is the center of all of the local drug trade. He and Peppino have a falling out and Luigi starts falling apart under the strain of the Mafia boss who wants him to shut Peppino up. He after a long time of non communication with his family or Peppino has one last conversation with Peppino in his diner, Peppino offers him a ride home but he cannot take it due to his emotional state and ends up being hit by a car and dies. We are left wondering if this is an accident or if it was murder.
-   Felicia Impastato – Played by Lucia Sardo is Peppino’s mother. She walks a fine line between her husband and her son when the two are not speaking. When Peppino has moved out of the house because of the disagreement between him and his father it is his mother who keeps him updated on the family and helps him to get food and his books and other such things. In the end she gets left behind with all of the pain and sorrow from losing her husband and oldest son.
-   Giovanni Impastato – Played by Paolo Briguglia is Peppino’s younger brother. He does not follow in the footsteps of his brother even though he stays friendly with him for the most part. He stays with his mother and helps her to deal with all of the drama that is happening between father, son and the local Mafia.
-   Cesare Manzella – Played by Pippo Montalbano was Peppino’s favorite uncle and a Mafia boss who is at the very beginning blown up with a car bomb by a rival Mafia boss.
-   Gaetano “Tano” Badalamenti – Played by Tony Sperandeo is the local Mafia boss who Peppino persecutes on the radio. Tano is the person who eventually gets so fed up with Peppino’s attitude toward the Mafia that he has him killed.
-   Stefano Venuti – Played by Andrea Tidona is the painter who is also a leftist activist who Peppino goes to when he is very young to have him paint a picture of his Uncle Cesare who was killed. He refuses because he had not gotten along with Cesare because he was a communist and Cesare was in the Mafia. Stefano ends up inspiring Peppino to take his anger toward the Mafia to lead a movement against all of the corruption and violence. The Communist party helped Peppino get started on his political and very dangerous career.

Awards

-   David di Donatello awards 2001: Best actor (Luigi Lo Cascio), best supporting actor (Tony Sperandeo), best costume designer (Elisabetta Montaldo), best screenplay
-   Brussels Film Festival 2001: Golden Iris – Best European feature, Silver Iris – Best screenplay
-   Hollywood Foreign Press Association (Golden Globes) 2001: Nominated: Best foreign language film
-   San Paolo Film Festival 2000: Audience award – Best feature
-   Venice Film Festival 2000: Cineavvenire award – Best screenplay, Pasinetti award – Best film; Nominated: Golden Lion

Other media

The Modena City Ramblers have recorded a song titled “I cento passi”, which contains samples from the movie.

title: One Hundred Steps

question: What does the story say about Peppino's relationship with his mother?

text: It is not stated that Peppino's mother supports his work. She just takes care of him.

answer: Peppino's relationship with his mother is good because she is still supportive of him even when his father is not. She brings him books and keeps him hidden from his father.

text: The answer should mention that Peppino's mother is stuck between her husband and son.

text: The answer should mention that Peppino's mother is supportive of him because she is worried about him.

text: It's omitted that Peppino's mother is supportive of him because she is worried about him.

text: The answer should mention that Peppino's mother is supportive of him because she is worried about his safety.

text: The answer should mention the emotional impact Peppino's death has on his mother.

text: There is no mention of whether Peppino's relationship with his mother is good or not.

text: The answer should include the fact that Peppino's mother is supportive of him because she is worried about him.

text: The article does not mention that Peppino is still living at home, following his altercation with his father--just that she keeps him hidden from his father.

answer: Peppino's mother supports Peppino's work.

text: It is omitted that Peppino's mother is Felicia Impastato, and she walks a fine line between her husband and her son when the two are not speaking. When Peppino has moved out of the house because of the disagreement between him and his father, it is his mother who keeps him updated on the family and helps him to get food and his books and other such things.

text: It is omitted that his mother Felicia Impastato walks a fine line between her husband and her son when the two are not speaking. When Peppino has moved out of the house because of the disagreement between him and his father it is his mother who keeps him updated on the family and helps him to get food and his books and other such things.

text: The article does not mention how Peppino's mother feels about his work.

text: It's omitted that Peppino's mother is supportive of Peppino and his views, and is the one who keeps him hidden from his father.

text: Add the missing details about Peppino and his mother's relationship.

text: Improve the information about Felacia's support for her son

answer: When Peppino has kicked out of the house by his father, his mother helps him to get food and his books.

text:
The answer should mention that his mother provides Peppino with other things and keeps him hidden from his father.
It should also state that his mother keeps him updated on the family.

answer: Peppino's mother supports Peppino's work.

text: The response should expand on the kind of support Peppino's mother gave as well as how their relationship was.

answer: Peppino's relationship with his mother is good because she is still supportive of him even when his father is not. She brings him books and keeps him hidden from his father.

answer: When Peppino has kicked out of the house by his father, his mother helps him to get food and his books.

text: It is omitted that his mother keeps him hidden from his father.

text: It is omitted that his mother is supportive of him.

text: It is omitted that his mother is supportive of him and his cause.

text: It's omitted that Peppino's mother is supportive of him and his political activism.

text: It is omitted that his mother tries to keep him hidden from his father.

text: Doesn't mention his mother bringing him books and hiding him from his father.

text: "When Peppino has kicked out of the house by his father" is an incomplete sentence. The subject needs to be supplied with a personal pronoun. "When he has" is preferable to "when Peppino has." The tense should be changed to present.


text:
CENSORSHIP IN NORTH KOREA ranks among some of the most extreme in the world, with the government able to take strict control over communications. North Korea is ranked at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders' annual Press Freedom Index, occupying the last place in 2017.

All media outlets are owned and controlled by the North Korean government. As such, all media in North Korea get their news from the Korean Central News Agency. The media dedicate a large portion of their resources toward political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il[1] and Kim Jong-un. The government of Kim Jong-un still has absolute authority over and control of the press and information.[2]

History

Kim Il-sung (Leader from 1948-1994)

[Mural of Kim Il-sung outside Songdowon Hotel, Wonsan]

Kim Il-sung was born an ordinary man named Kim Sung-ju on April 15, 1912 at the peak of European and Japanese imperialism.[3] Kim Il-sung's rule was based on ruthless abuses, including frequent use of enforced disappearances and deadly prison camps to inflict fear and repress any voices challenging this rule.[4] Kim Il-sung's hardline views of limiting the freedom of expression of the North Korean people has been kept alive by current Supreme Leader and grandson of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-un. Today, all local North Korean media outlets are run by the state. Radios and television sets are physically altered to only receive channels chosen by the state.[5]

North Korea's biggest economic, political and military benefactor under Kim Il-sung was the Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin reportedly handpicked Kim Il-sung, who was a fluent Russian speaker to lead North Korea.[6] To help consolidate power, Kim Il-sung launched the Concentrated Guidance Campaign; a massive ideological census and registration of the background and political purity of each and every North Korean. The Soviet influence in North Korea was endorsed under Kim Il-sung and the censorship seen in North Korea today began with the nationalization of major industries, labor reforms, seizure of privately owned land and a propaganda campaign to enhance Kim Il-sung's image in North Korean minds.[7]

1946-present: The Korean Central News Agency

[Propaganda in North Korea|left]

The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) is the state news agency of North Korea that was established on December 5, 1946. The agency portrays the views of the North Korean government for other foreign powers and countries to consume. According to its website, KCNA “speaks for the Workers' Party of Korea and the government”. It is seen as the most influential news outlet in North Korea because its messages are geared toward foreigners and North Korea's population of 24 million people.[8]

It is the main, state-run news organization and is responsible for all news in North Korea and also distributes photos. Their content is available in Korean, English, Spanish and Japanese. From Jan. 1, 2011, the site also began offering video. The KCNA often broadcasts North Korean and pro-Kim propaganda. It has also reported fake achievements of North Korea, such as its space program and its standard of living as compared to the United States. It continues to label South Korea and the United States as “imperialists”.[9] The news agency acts as the nation's public relations and multimedia firm, with news that is not hard to tell from propaganda. South Korea's Ministry of Defence maintains a group of readers who try to interpret the significance of the news agency's output. Some themes the KCNA consistently cover include denouncing the actions of the United States and Japan as well as promoting the celebrity and personality of Kim Jong-un and Kim Jong-il. Their 2,000 employees are under strict watch to make sure they report in favor of their country.

Jang Song-thaek was considered the second most powerful figure in North Korea next to Kim Jong-un before he was executed because he was seen as a “counter-revolutionary” to the government. After his death in 2013, it is reported that 35,000 articles of Korean-language original reporting were deleted by the KCNA and his name was taken off every article in one of the outlet's biggest censorship crackdowns.[10]

Kim Jong-il (Leader from 1994-2011)

Kim Jong-il was made commander-in-chief and head of the military affairs commission by his father Kim Il-sung in the spring of 1994. Later that year in July, Kim Il-sung died of a heart attack and Kim Jong-il became the next member of the Kim Dynasty to rule North Korea.[11] Kim Jong-il upheld his father's authoritarian regime and strict censorship. He was known for using military propaganda to distract North Korean citizens from their lack of freedoms and access to outside information. Despite only giving citizens access to hyper-militarized government propaganda, many cell phones and DVDs were obtained illegally under Kim Jong-il.[12]

In 1983, Kim Jong-il's book _The Great Teacher of Journalists_ was translated into English. In this book, Kim Jong-il guides journalists to take the best pictures of their leader, study their leader's works, and instill loyalty to their leader in others. Kim Jong-il includes stories of his own remarkable feats in this book, detailing when he saved a reporter from death and when he edited someone's political essay to perfection.[13] In the eyes of Kim Jong-il, a journalist's purpose is not to report the truth, but instead to loyally praise their leader.

2004-2008: Cell phone ban

The North Korean government has implemented policies to prevent outside sources of information from reaching the people of North Korea. Starting in the 1990s when famine overtook the country, traders used cell phones as a means to illegally bring food and goods across the border.[14] Cellular devices were introduced in North Korea in 2002 only to be temporarily banned two years later.[15][16]

In December 2008 Orascom Telecom, an Egyptian company, introduced North Korea to Koryolink, a 3G network. Internet access is permitted only for foreign travelers or the elite.[17] By 2015, three million North Koreans had subscribed to Koryolink. Users of Koryolink must apply for permission to subscribe and are “subject to controls and surveillance by at least eight ministries and organizations between the party, state and army.” The network does not allow any access to international calls. Users sometimes will receive propaganda messages.[18]

In 2013, foreigners were granted 3G mobile phone Internet access by monthly data plan; the service could be implemented via USB modem or SIM Card.[19] Recently, with more government awareness of alternative access to external information, increased security measures to eliminate these resources have been enacted.[20] This includes higher border security where illicit cell phones gain access to China's mobile networks.[21]

These phones could be vehicles for releasing detailed news of harsh ruling within the country which is prohibited. Beyond punishment for those using phones within the country, danger exists for escapees spreading knowledge of the country's extreme laws. Text messages and cell phone photographs are sent to external journalists and activists in South Korea to spread knowledge of the conditions. Some North Koreans act as journalists and sources by sending information and sharing stories. Prominent news accounts surrounding Kim Jong-un's ankle surgery and his wife, Ri Sol-ju's 2012 pregnancy were released from these insiders.[22]

As social media and news applications via smartphone become the common thread of news outlets, North Korea pushes further curtailment. A tightly controlled cyberspace exists within the country where a small number of upper class citizens have access to an intranet, called Kwangmyong.[23] In contrast to the otherwise global World Wide Web, this independent resource provides communication between industry, universities, and government. It is used to spread information through chats and emails which are both monitored and filtered by the government, allowing only a select group of researchers, propagandists, and media workers to access state media and items which have been removed from the public's Internet.

Kim Jong-un (Leader from 2011-present)

[Kim Jong-un in March 2018]

Kim Jong-un rules with a heavy hand and has worked to consolidate power since becoming the supreme ruler of North Korea on December 28, 2011.[24] He ordered the execution of his uncle, Jang Song-thaek, and allegedly commanded the assassination of his half-brother, Kim Jong-nam.[25]

Kim Jong-un keeps North Korea under his surveillance through extreme censorship. As of April 2020, the regime has a press freedom score from the Press Freedom Index rankings (made by Reporters Without Borders) of 83.4, with 100 being the worst score, and is ranked last in global rankings of 180 countries.[26] North Korean journalists must belong to the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and adjust their reportings to positively reflect Kim Jong-un's leadership. Foreign media are not welcomed and are often used as scapegoats by North Korean media.[27] Failure to follow strict guidelines as set forth by the WPK can lead to imprisonment, forced labor or death.[28]

Human rights violations in North Korea raise global concern. Kim Jong-un's regime is notorious for torture, mysterious disappearances and sexual violence. Each layer of the government is structured to expel potential political threats and disseminate the ideology of Kim Jong-un, and those who attempt to circumvent censorship face steep consequences.[29]

Radio and television censorship

Radio or television sets which can be bought in North Korea are preset to receive only the government frequencies and sealed with a label to prevent tampering with the equipment. It is a serious criminal offence to manipulate the sets and receive radio or television broadcasts from outside North Korea. In a party campaign in 2003, the head of each party cell in neighborhoods and villages received instructions to verify the seals on all radio sets.[30]

Because North and South Korea have used different analog television systems (PAL and NTSC respectively), it has not been possible to view broadcasts across the border between the two countries without problems in reception or additional equipment.[31]

According to the _Daily NK_, it is possible to broadcast news for North Korea through short-wave radio. Possessing a short-wave radio is against the law in North Korea, but the radios are allegedly confiscated and resold by corrupted agents of secret police.[32]

“A Quiet Opening: North Koreans in a Changing Media Environment,” a study commissioned by the U.S. State Department and conducted by InterMedia and released May 10, 2012, found that despite strict regulations and draconian penalties, North Koreans, particularly the elites, have increasing access to news and other media outside the state-controlled media authorized by the government. While access to the internet is controlled, radio and DVDs are common media accessed, and in border areas, television.[33][34] Up to one in two urban households own a Notel (also called Notetel), a portable media player made in China which has been popular in North Korea since about 2005 and was legalized in 2014, and has been credited with facilitating the extension of the “Korean Wave” (_Hallyu_, the increase of the popularity of South Korean pop culture internationally) into North Korea.[35][36][37]

As of 2011, USB flash drives were selling well in North Korea, primarily used for watching South Korean dramas and films on personal computers.[38]

Journalism

North Korea is ranked at the bottom of the Press Freedom Index rankings published annually by Reporters Without Borders. From 2002 through 2006, the country was listed as the worst in the world and from 2007 to 2016, it was listed second to last (behind Eritrea) of some 180 countries.[39][40][41][42] In 2017 and 2018, North Korea was ranked the worst again.[43] In 2019, it was rated second to last, above Turkmenistan.[44] In 2020, it was once again ranked last.[45]

To become a journalist in North Korea, one has to graduate from college. After an ideology review and a strict background check, the student is drafted by the college dean and the managers. The drafted journalist will normally go through a probation period of 4 to 5 years and is then stationed after an assessment.

In North Korea, journalism as a job is to guard, defend, and advocate for and defend both the party and party leaders. Since the role is defined as being a political activist and a fighter who can mobilize a crowd, a journalist in North Korea should be a true Kim Il-sung-ist and a fervent political activist, with a war correspondent spirit and political qualification. Journalists in North Korea are reeducated continuously.

The organization that takes charge of the reeducation of journalists in North Korea is the 'Chosen Reporter Alliance.' It is the strongest and the most systematized organization among the reporters and journalists' political idea education organizations. The organization trains journalists and reporters on philosophy, economics, world history, world literature, and foreign languages.

Arguing about the contradictions in the system of North Korea itself is considered treason and is treated as a major violation in North Korean society. Over 70 percent of reports of Korean Central Broadcasting are allotted for Kim's idolization and propaganda system. The rest of the reports are spent on blaming and predicting the collapse of the United States, Japan, and South Korea.

The reporters in North Korea spend their time writing flattering articles about the Kim Dynasty. Kim Jong-il used to punish the people who wrote from different point of view, saying “Words describe one's ideas.”[46]

After reeducation, a journalist who works for over 15 years and has made a major contribution is titled a 'distinguished journalist.'[47]

Internet policies

In 2006, Julien Pain, head of the Internet Desk at Reporters Without Borders, described North Korea as the world's worst Internet black hole,[48] in its list of the top 13 Internet enemies.[49]

Internet access is not generally available in North Korea. Only some high-level officials are allowed to access the global internet.[50] In most universities, a small number of strictly monitored computers are provided. Other citizens may get access only to the country's national intranet, called Kwangmyong.[51] Content on Kwangmyong is curated by Korea Computer Center.[52] Foreigners can access the internet using the 3G phone network.[53][54] However, the IT industry has been growing and Internet access is starting to increase within North Korea.[55]

The North Korean Ullim, an Android-based tablet computer available since 2014, has a high level of inbuilt surveillance and controls. The tablet takes screenshots of apps opened by the user and saves browsing history.[56]

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[15] “World briefings: North Korea”, New York Times, June 4, 2004.

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[44]  RSF|website=Reporters Without Borders}}

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title: Censorship in North Korea

question: What does the text say about the level of censorship in North Korea?

text: "The Korean Central News Agency sells the news" - this is incorrect. The KCNA doesn't sell the news but supplies it to all media in the country.

answer: Censorship in North Korea ranks among the most extreme in the world and ranks at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders annual Press Freedom Index in 2017. All media outlets are owned and controlled by the North Korean government, and they take strict control over communications. The Korean Central News Agency sells the news to all media in North Korea, dedicating a large portion of its resources towards political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un. The government of Kim Jong-un has absolute authority over (and control of) the press and information.

text: It should be mentioned that North Korea also has a tightly controlled cyberspace, where civilians do not have access to the internet or mobile data.

text: It should also be mentioned that radios and television sets are only allowed to receive north Korean broadcasts.

text: It should be mentioned that the level of censorship in North Korea is extreme and any failure to follow the strict guidelines can lead to imprisonment, forced labor, or death.

answer: North Korea's level of censorship is rated among the highest in the world, with the government able to control almost all forms of communications. The government owns and runs all media outlets using them for political propaganda and the personality cult of the Kim family.

answer: North Korea's level of censorship is rated among the highest in the world, with the government able to control almost all forms of communications. The government owns and runs all media outlets using them for political propaganda and the personality cult of the Kim family.

text: The answer should mention the Press Freedom Index.

text: The answer should mention the KCNA.

text: The answer should mention that North Korea is ranked at the bottom of the Press Freedom Index.

text: It's omitted that North Korea is ranked at the bottom of the Press Freedom Index.

text: The answer should mention that all radios and television sets are preset to receive only government frequencies and are sealed to prevent tampering.

text: It misses to mention that North Korea is ranked at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders' annual Press Freedom Index,occupying the last place in 2017.

answer: Censorship in North Korea ranks among the most extreme in the world and ranks at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders annual Press Freedom Index in 2017. All local media outlets are owned and controlled by the North Korean government, and they take strict control over communications. Radios and television sets are physically altered to only receive channels chosen by the state. The Korean Central News Agency supplies the news to all media in North Korea, dedicating a large portion of its resources towards political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un. The government of Kim Jong-un has absolute authority over (and control of) the press and information.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: "Radios and television sets are physically altered to only receive channels chosen by the state." - this should be moved to the beginning of the answer because it's more relevant to the question.

text: The second sentence is unnecessary.

text: It is omitted that cell phones were introduced in North Korea in 2002 only to be temporarily banned two years later.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary, as it is redundant information pertaining to the government being in control over all press and information.

category: coherence

answer: Censorship in North Korea ranks among the most extreme in the world and ranks at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders annual Press Freedom Index in 2017. All local media outlets are owned and controlled by the North Korean government, and they take strict control over communications. Radios and television sets are physically altered to only receive channels chosen by the state. The Korean Central News Agency supplies the news to all media in North Korea, dedicating a large portion of its resources towards political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un. The government of Kim Jong-un has absolute authority over (and control of) the press and information.

text: The Korean Central News Agency acts as the nation's public relations and multimedia firm, with news that is not hard to tell from propaganda. South Korea's Ministry of Defence maintains a group of readers who try to interpret the significance of the news agency's output. Some themes The Korean Central News Agency consistently covers include denouncing the actions of the United States and Japan. Their 2,000 employees are under strict watch to make sure they report in favor of their country.

answer: Censorship in North Korea ranks among the most extreme in the world and ranks at the bottom of Reporters Without Borders annual Press Freedom Index in 2017. All media outlets are owned and controlled by the North Korean government, and they take strict control over communications. The Korean Central News Agency sells the news to all media in North Korea, dedicating a large portion of its resources towards political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un. The government of Kim Jong-un has absolute authority over (and control of) the press and information.

text: The answer should mention that radios and television sets are physically altered to only receive channels chosen by the state.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The answer should mention the radio and television censorship.

text: The answer should mention that the government also controls all radios and television sets.

text: It is omitted that all media in North Korea get their news from the Korean Central News Agency.

text: This whole answer requires an edit for flow and clarity.


text:
Rufus and Daniel entered the classroom and sat down on their desks. A teacher followed them inside.

“Do you know why you two are in here this time?” she asked as she stood in front of them with her arms crossed.

“Yes, Ms. Flora,” they both said without any effort.

“Why?”

“Because we were throwing paper balls at you…”

She nodded. “This is the tenth time you’re in detention. The tenth! I hope you will both think about what you’ve done, and never do it again!” She grabbed a chalk and began writing on the blackboard.

The classroom was pretty ordinary. It had posters of the alphabet and numbers, the rules of the classroom, and how to have proper hygiene. The students’ desks were arranged in 6 rows of 5. Some of them were covered with poor graffiti like, “'X' and 'X' for life” and “so and so was here.” The walls were decorated with students’ artwork and stories. Ms. Flora’s desk was neat and organized. It had students’ finished homework on one pile, graded tests on another, and folders of what the students have done all year. That’s all there was. No picture of family, no apple on desk, nothing else. The rest of the homework and classwork for the students to do in the future was put away in her drawers—as well as pencils, paper clips, pens, thumbtacks, chalk, crayons, and any other tools she—or the students—needed to use for class.

She was writing down the lesson for tomorrow: adding and subtracting. She wrote down problems to solve. Rufus put his head down on his table and Daniel sat quietly. When Ms. Flora was finished writing, she put down the chalk. She opened the blinds, revealing a pleasant day. The sun wasn’t out, but the sky was blue, and it wasn’t too cloudy. Kids were having fun on the playground. They were swinging on the swings, playing tag, basketball, and played with their wrestling action figures in the sandbox; some just spoke to each other. She watched them all smiling, not worrying about life and having a good time.

“Look at them,” she growled.  “How repulsive.” She stared at the blackboard, and then she picked up the chalk again.

Two plus two

Three plus three

Five minus four

The chalk tapped against the blackboard, with an inconsistent rhythm.

Twenty minus eleven

Ten minus seven

She cringed when she heard the children’s laughter.

Fifty minus twenty

She kept hearing the children outside. She gritted her teeth, and tried to ignore them.

One thousand plus three hundred seventy five

She wrote vigorously.

Five hundred thousand minus three hundred thousand, one hundred and seventy five

The writing became faster.

Seven hundred thousand plus four hundred thousand, six hundred twenty one

Their voices went through one of her ears, but it didn’t come out of the other.

One million minus one hundred thousand, seven hundred and three

She grunted out of frustration and stopped. She took a deep breath, and then began writing with more intensity.

In all my years of teaching, I have never met such spoiled little brats!

You have done so many terrible things to me: super gluing me to my chair, ripping up homework and classwork that I had ready to pass out, putting gum on the blackboard, and even eating my lunch! That’s not to say that I didn’t hate any of my other students that I had over the years; I despise all of the students that I have ever taught. Well, maybe not all of them. Only a select few behaved. Each year, I would only have about four or five of those in each class. They were rare. But as for all those other pesky kids, I hate them all. They spoke during the middle of my lessons. They didn’t do their homework. They didn’t pay any attention to me at all. Many of them slept, not caring.

You delinquents made my job impossible! I have a bad reputation. Those other damn teachers, telling me that I’m not a good enough. They tell me that I don’t put in enough effort to try to keep you pests under control. They tell me that I should quit! I put all my heart and soul into teaching! And you know what I get in return? A slap in the face! You don’t care, none of you do! Only those few cared… but now they’ve moved on in life. And this year, I only like one or two out of all my students in each of my classes. Their numbers keep decreasing! So this doesn’t apply to those students that I like. You know what I’d like to imagine doing to all of you troublemakers? I’d like to imagine locking you all up in my basement. There wouldn’t be food or water for any of you to have in there, so you would all suffer and die.

Daniel watched what Ms. Flora was writing. “Hey,” he whispered to Rufus, “look at what she’s writing.”

Rufus lifted his head up, half awake. He groaned. “But that’s so boring.”

“Trust me, it isn’t,” said Daniel while trying to sound convincing. He pointed at the blackboard. “Just look!”

“Okay, I guess…” Rufus watched what the teacher was writing. He frowned when he saw what the words said.

I’d like to imagine tying your hands behind your back and blindfolding you all. I’d line you up. I would shoot you all down, one by one. You would all be terrified, waiting until it was your turn.

“What? Why is she writing all this crazy stuff?” asked Rufus.

I’d like to take you all to my home, and throw you into my fireplace. I’d enjoy listening to all of your screams of agony as you burn alive.

“Did we hurt her that bad?” asked Daniel.

“I don’t think so.”

I’d like to perform surgery on all of you, without any anesthesia. And I’m no doctor!

“But what we did to you was harmless…” said Rufus out loud to the teacher. “And you want to make us suffer in the worst way possible? And then, have us killed?”

Ms. Flora didn’t pay attention to what he told her, and kept on writing.

Do you know how hard it is having to deal with all of you? It’s a living nightmare! I dread every single day that I have to come into this classroom. Why should I allow you all to keep making my life miserable? No, not this time. You rodents deserve to die…

She put down the chalk and searched her desk. She checked through all her papers and tools, throwing them on the floor. She tipped the desk over and pulled out the drawers, one by one. She dropped out everything that was in them and threw the drawers against the walls.

“Um… Ms. Flora, what are you doing?” asked Daniel.

She dug up the mess she made. Papers and tools went flying in all directions.

She picked up a gun that was in the pile. “Hah! This school has such lousy security.”

“W-Why do you have that?” asked Rufus

She laughed.

“No, please, don’t kill us!” exclaimed Daniel, terrified.

The laughter continued.

Rufus tugged on Daniel’s shirt and pointed at the door.

They both ran for it and tried to open it. It was locked. Ms. Flora stood there—for what seemed like hours to the both of them—facing the blackboard, while holding the gun in her hand.

“We’re sorry, Ms. Flora. We didn’t mean to hurt your feelings. We won’t do it again! Honest.” Daniel backed away to the back of the room slowly.

“P-please stop! If this is a prank to make us stop bothering you, then you win!” said Rufus.

She didn’t respond.

“It’s over!” said Daniel as he had his back against the wall, sliding down.  “We’re done for.”

“We shouldn’t have bothered her… She’s gone insane.” Rufus sat at his desk and held his head in despair.

They both cried hysterically.

More silence. Ms. Flora flipped the gun over and over, staring at the ground. She observed all the words that she put on the blackboard. She heaved a sigh, and then picked up the chalk once more. She wrote:

You poor thing… suffering for all these years. Look at you, you’re so pathetic. You could never handle mischievous children, and you never will. The pain just keeps growing, doesn’t it? It’s gotten to the point where you can’t take it anymore. But don’t worry. It will all end. You deserve to die just as much as they do, too.

She put the chalk down, and put the gun to her head. She gave Rufus and Daniel an odious grin, and pulled the trigger. Her eyes rolled to the back of her head as she dropped the gun. Her body landed on the floor with a loud thud.

They both sniffled as the last of their tears were exposed. They stood up, mouths open. Petrification took over their bodies—they didn't make any noise. They couldn’t stop staring at the blood that poured out of Ms. Flora’s head.

title: [TH] The Blackboard

question: What does the story say about why Rufus and Daniel were throwing the paper balls at Ms. Flora?

human_answer: It was a prank.

text: It is not stated that they hoped she will prevent her from teaching.

answer: No answer

text: The answer should mention that the story doesn't give a reason.

text: The answer should mention that the story does not give a reason.

text: The answer should mention that the boys are mischievous.

text: The answer should mention that the boys were misbehaving.

text: The response misses to mention that Rufus and Daniel were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora because they are mischievous kids.

text: It is omitted that the two were sent to detention because they were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: It is omitted that the two were messing around.

answer: It was a prank.

text: The answer should mention that the students were misbehaving.

text: The answer should mention that the students are mischievous.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

text: It is omitted that they were in detention.

text: The answer is too vague. The story provides some information about why the students throw paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: The answer should mention that the students were mischievous.

text: There is no evidence in the passage to suggest why the paper balls were thrown.

answer: No answer

answer: They hoped she will prevent her from teaching.

text: The answer is incorrect. The story does not mention why they were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: The answer is incorrect. The story does not mention why Rufus and Daniel were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: The answer is incorrect. The story doesn't say why they were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: This is false. The answer should be 'no answer'.

text: This is inaccurate. The story does not indicate why they were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora. It is likely that they were doing it for fun.

text: The answer is inaccurate. The answer should state that the story does not mention why Rufus and Daniel were throwing paper balls at Ms. Flora.

text: There doesn't seem to be a backstory as to why they are misbehaving.

answer: They hoped she will prevent her from teaching.

text: The passage did not say the kids were trying to prevent Ms. Flora from teaching.

answer: It was a prank.

text: The response should add that the boys threw paper balls to bother Ms. Flora.


text:
						               7 A.M

December 21st, 2010.
Time 7:00 am

I wake up with you in my arms and lay there silently as you dream the peaceful dreams that matched the calm state of your face. The way the sun shines on your skin and makes you almost as bright as the winters first snow. I breathe slowly, not to disrupt your sweet dreams. I love you.

December 22nd, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You stir to my fingers brushing your hair, softly, just like one would through a child's. You open your beautiful green eyes to start the beginning of your new adventure. Our fingers interlocked, the spaces filled perfectly. I couldn't ask for a better feeling. I love you.

December 23rd, 2010
Time 7:00 am

The scent of warm hot chocolate fills the room. Your favorite. A smile spreads across your face, the smile that tells me you feel what I feel. Breakfast in bed was my early gift to you. A gift I could give you for the rest of our lives. I love you.

December 24th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

The excitement of our first Christmas together excites you. I hold you close, feeling the warmth and comfort of your body against mine. A small kiss makes everything perfect. You make me feel complete. I love you.

December 25th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You wake me up with a warm kiss on the lips. Merry Christmas my love, our very first holiday together. You're as excited as a child. That makes me smile. I give you your gift, it's small, but I know you'll love it. You open it and immediately know the answer. I love you.

December 26th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

The ring sits perfectly on your finger. I stroke the top of your hand and kiss your shoulder. You have to work soon but I don't want to wake you from your slumber. I don't want you to leave. I never do. I love you.

December 27th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You're restlessly tossing and turning. I do my best to keep the blankets over you. I lean over and put my arm across you and place my body against yours. You settle. I worry. I love you.

December 28th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I wake up to the sound of you softly crying. The tears roll off your cheek, I pull you into me and you rest your head on my chest and quietly sob. The darkness has engulfed you again. I won't let it hurt you anymore. I love you.

December 29th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You're awake before me. Staring at the ceiling, caressing my hand softly. I kiss your cheek softly and you give me a warm smile. I see the pain in your eyes. It shatters my soul with every second I look at you. You have to leave for work soon. I want you to stay with me. I love you.

December 30th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

Your breath on my neck wakes me up. You look like you've been crying for hours. I hold you close and listen to your soft rhythmic breathing fill my ears. I'm afraid. I love you

December 31st, 2010
Time 7:00 am

New Years Eve, you tell me that you don't want to get out of bed today. The darkness is getting worse. You take your medication and lay back in bed. I bring you tea and some scrambled eggs, just the way you like them. You only eat half then stare blankly at the television. I take your plate to the kitchen and wash it. When I come back in to the bedroom you're playing with your ring. You tell me that you love me and that you're gonna be okay. I know better. I love you.

January 1st, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You've become pale, the dark circles under your eyes tell me that you are awake when I'm sleeping. You're eyes are bloodshot from all the crying. It kills me to see you in pain. I love you.

January 2nd, 2010
Time 7:00 am

No smile. You look at me and I know that you're fighting it. The darkness is stronger this time. I'll get you help, I promise. I love you.

January 3rd, 2010
Time 7:00 am

You take the new dosage doctor gave you. You've lost interest in everything. Your kisses are soft but have a chill to them. The warmth is gone. The sun in your soul is surrounded by a darkness that is darker than the midnight sky. I hope this dosage helps. I love you.

January 4th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I try to wake you up but you don't stir. The room is silent. The pain in my chest is excruciating. I shake you and your pill bottles hit the floor. I fall to the floor. There is nothing I can do but cry. I dial 9-1-1 but I can't speak, I cry so hard that I lose my breath with every sob. The sobs are loud. The ambulance gets here and they put you on a stretcher. I follow holding your hand tightly. It's so cold. D.O.A. I love you..

January 5th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

The bed feels empty with you gone. I cried all night. The tears are stained on my pillow case. Your scent fills my nose and I cry. I could have saved you. I'm empty without you. I read the note I found yesterday over and over. I'm so sorry baby. I can't take it anymore. I love you so much and I will always be with you. My sobs grow more intense. I miss you.. I love you..

January 6th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I had a dream about you. You looked so happy, so free. You're wings matched your brightness. Seeing your smile made me feel good that you are no longer in pain. I love you..

January 7th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

Your funeral is today. I cry as I think of how you are no longer with me. It tears me apart. I feel like part of me has been crushed by a steam roller. I made my side of the bed and got dressed. I love you..

January 8th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

Yesterday was hard. Seeing you lay almost as peaceful as you did when you slept broke my heart even more. You had an aura of serenity around you. Your skin glowed like it did when the sun hit you just right. I miss you so much. I love you..

January 9th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I made your favorite hot chocolate and scrambled eggs. I'm coming to visit your grave for breakfast. Even though you aren't here, I will still bring you your favorite things to wake up to. Even though I know you won't be waking up this time. I love you..

January 10th,2010
Time 7:00 am

I stayed at your grave for three hours. I poured the hot chocolate on the soil above you and dug a small hole to bury the eggs in. I hope you enjoyed them like you always did when you were still here. I cried when I got home, I hurt so bad. I miss you more than anything.. I love you..

January 11th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

Happy 2nd anniversary my love. I miss you. I love you.

January 12th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

It's getting too hard to sleep in our bed. I slept on the couch in the living room last night with one of your t-shirts. It smelled just like your favorite perfume from the mall. I held it just like I would have held you. I love you..

January 13th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

Your mother called me to make sure I was okay. She's so hurt. The pain in her voice was so much to bear. We miss and love you..

January 14th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I'm going crazy without you.. I miss you.. I love you..

January 15th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I visited your grave again yesterday. I hope you liked the flowers. They were the kind I got you on your birthday in August. Remember how happy you were? I love you..

January 16th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I can't stand being without you anymore.. I love you..

January 17th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I visited you yesterday. I just laid by your head stone and imagined that it was our bed and that you were actually in it. Our nice warm bed, with your warm smooth body laying right by mine. It was a nice thing to think about. I love you..

January 18th, 2010
Time 7:00 am

I'm scared, but I can't take this pain anymore. I don't know about anything anymore. All I know is that I need you. I can't live with out you. There's a loud snap that fills my ears then a bright light. I see you approaching me, you look as beautiful as ever. Our fingers interlock and you kiss me. I feel no pain, no heartbreak. Just the love that I've felt since I fell in love with you. I'm home now and I'm happy. I love you.

title: 7 A.M

question: What does the story say about death?

text: While it is not explicitly stated, it is heavily implied that the narrator commits suicide at the end of the story, and this information should be included in the answer.

answer: The narrator wakes up and is in pain when they realize their partner has passed away. They begin to visit their partner's grave daily. Theyronic love after their partner has died. They visit their partner's grave daily on January 7th, 2010. They missecurely. They buried their partner's ashes and cocoa. Because of their pain, the narrator, whose New Years' resolution had been to live longer, commits suicide. Instead of dying, the narrator and their partner are able to be together again.

text: The response contains inaccurate information.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

text: The response is not related.

text: The story doesn't say anything related to what their partner has passed away.

text: The response mostly contains inaccurate information.

answer: The narrator's wife is dying of some sort of illness. She passes away on January 4, 2010.

text: The answer should mention the narrator's death.

text: The answer should mention the narrator's death as well.

text: It's omitted that the narrator commits suicide.

text: Doesn't mention how the narrator responds to it.

answer: The narrator's wife is dying of some sort of illness. She passes away on January 4, 2010. The narrator cannot bear living without her and commits suicide on January 18, 2010.

text: The answer should mention the narrator's dream about his wife.

text: The answer should mention the narrator's wife's note.

text: It's omitted that the narrator is happy to die and be with their wife again.

text: The narrator's wife is not dying. She commits suicide.

text: The answer should mention that death is permanent and can lead to great sorrow.

answer: The narrator's wife is dying of some sort of illness. She passes away on January 4, 2010.

answer: The narrator wakes up and is in pain when they realize their partner has passed away. They begin to visit their partner's grave daily. Theyronic love after their partner has died. They visit their partner's grave daily on January 7th, 2010. They missecurely. They buried their partner's ashes and cocoa. Because of their pain, the narrator, whose New Years' resolution had been to live longer, commits suicide. Instead of dying, the narrator and their partner are able to be together again.

text: The excessive use of "they" make the response clunky and hard to read. The third sentence needs rewriting as the first word has a typo.

answer: The narrator's wife is dying of some sort of illness. She passes away on January 4, 2010. The narrator cannot bear living without her and commits suicide on January 18, 2010.