text:
The clean, cold snow falls slowly on to the streets of Chicago.  The snow crunches loudly under William’s feet.  The sound echoes of the large buildings surrounding him, making it sound like a crowd of people all pulling Velcro apart.  His eyes dart back and forth, always on the lookout for danger.  His breath puffs out in front of him and begins to condense on his thin beard.  Two rabbits are hanging off his back, his pace is hurried, it will be the best dinner he has had in weeks.  The tall skyscrapers eventually give way to old neighborhoods.  A light blue two story appears in the distance and William’s face cracks the ghost of a smile.  As he nears he takes in the boarded windows that clash with the white trim running along the roof.
“Home at last,” he whispers to himself.
Once inside he begins skinning the rabbits, one will be dinner and the other will be saved for later.  He is a small man with thinning light blonde hair.  He is days past his fortieth birthday, but the events of the last few months make him look closer to fifty.  His clothing is a mash up of whatever can be found.  A pair of faded jeans and a sweat shirt with Boston emblazoned on the front show their age.  The house sits on the North side of the city, a short walk from what used to be Wrigley Field.  A sturdy black pistol sits next him, reflecting light from the quiet fire.  William has barely survived these last six months and being a bit of a loner has not helped his situation.
	Blankets of all colors cover the walls in an attempt to keep what little heat inside the house.  Above the fireplace hangs a child’s blanket with a monkeys head on it.  Over across one of the windows hangs one with the Chicago Cubs logo splayed across it.  The red C clashing against the blue in the flickering light makes for a haunting reminder of days long gone.  He falls asleep in the chair, trying to keep warm on this cold Midwestern night.
	Ah, not again, he thinks.  I can’t keep sleeping like this, I’m going to wake up one morning and not be able to stand.  William stands and stretches the kinks out of his body.  His shoulder pops, and he lets out a groan.  His body isn’t holding up like it used to.  One of the perks of getting old, he thinks.  He moves to the wall near the door and looks through a peephole out into the new day.  His tracks have been covered nicely by the fresh snow, and all seems quiet.
	He can hear the sounds of the gangs roaming the streets.  A patchwork of communities has sprung up throughout the city, some controlled by gangs, others free.  William has always stayed apart though, living like this even before the disaster that befell the world.  Many died in the first few weeks, mostly from hunger and fighting each other.  Suddenly a scream rings through the clear air, carried by wind that gave this city its nickname.  William hurries over and collects the pistol, checking the ammunition as he shuffles back to the peephole.
	What could that be? The thought runs through his mind, as he waits tensely for the person attached to the scream to present themselves.  Suddenly, around one of the buildings on the next block, a figure comes streaking down the street being chased by a large man wearing the colors of one of the local gangs, bright yellow. He has a baseball bat and looks to be gaining on a small woman.  William can do one of two things; go back to his chair and stoke the fire back up, or intervene on behalf of the person being chased.  He usually keeps apart for a reason.  As they near, he can see now that the woman being chased is holding a baby.  That makes the choice easy.  William waits for them to near his home, and as they are running past he steps out and two shots ring out in the crisp morning air.  One bullet catches the large man in the shoulder, the other through the back of his neck. He dies instantly.  Deep red blood gushes from the wounds and stains the snow in a slowly spreading pool.  The snow retreats from the blood as if it poison.  Steam slowly rises from the body and young woman stares in horror at the sight.
	She slowly sinks to her knees in shock.
	“Come on, get up.  Get inside while I take care of this body, someone will be along shortly to investigate the gunshot.”  William walks over and pulls the woman to her feet and nudges her towards the door. “You should get the baby in out of the cold.”
	That snaps her out of it, and she glances down at the bundle in her arms and back up at William.  He smiles at her gently and gestures towards the door.  As she walks slowly towards the door, William begins his brutal work of moving the body into the park across the way and burying it in the snow for someone to find later.  He then grabs a shovel and starts throwing snow on top of the pile of blood.  When the street again looks white and clean, he heads back inside.  The woman is crouching by the fire with a look of apprehension in her pale blue eyes.  William slowly puts the gun down and away from her.  She has light brown hair that is cut short and is wearing baggy clothing that helps to conceal her form.  She has a thin face with a small nose and prominent cheekbones that make her look very striking.
William continues to stare intently at her.
	“I’m not going to hurt you, my name is William.  What’s yours?” William says, as he slowly gestures to himself.
	“My name is Linda.” She states quietly.
	“It’s nice to meet you Linda.  Would you like some food or water?” William asks with a gentle tone of voice.
	“No, thank you.”
	“Why was that thug chasing you?  The gangs don’t usually concern themselves with regular people very often; they are usually too busy fighting each other to worry about one woman and her baby.” William moves over to his chair and stares at her thoughtfully waiting for her answer.
	“This is Vincent Wilson’s baby….” Linda stares at the baby as she speaks the name of the leader of one of the gangs that controls the city.
	“Well, shit.” William stares at her in shock.  I can’t keep her here.  That will bring a whole army of goons down on us.  I need to figure out how to get her and the boy away from here.  Williams mind races with the beginning of a plan.
	“That is definitely a problem then.  You need to get away from the city.  As long as you remain here, you will be in danger.  Let’s get some food going and we can figure out what to do in the morning.  No one should be nosing around here for a few days.”  William starts pacing as he speaks.  “Can you protect yourself?”  His voice has on an edge to it and Linda shies away from him.
	“I just want to get out of the city with Michael,” Linda says as she clutches the baby a little tighter.
	William rubs his face with his hands.
“I’m sorry, I know this is happening fast, but you don’t have much time.  How do you expect a baby to survive in this new world if you don’t have any plan?  Let’s just button up for the day and night, and reassess the situation in the morning,” says Williams as he starts to gather blankets for an impromptu bed for Linda and baby Michael.  It has been six months since a massive solar flare knocked all of the electronics out throughout the entire world.  The government could not keep control and now the former United States is in anarchy.
	“Thank you for helping me William,” Linda says as she walks over and squeezes William’s arm.
	“You’re welcome.”
	In the middle of the night, William is awoken by movement off to his right, where Linda and Michael are sleeping.  He could see Linda’s figure get up and quietly make her way to the door and exit out into the icy night.  William gets up and checks on baby Michael, he is sleeping soundly, and then walks over to the peephole to check on Linda.  He sees a group of men outside with dyed blue rags tied around their arms, and Linda is in the middle of them pointing back towards the house.
	What the hell, thinks William as he runs over and grabs his pistol.  He checks the ammo, only six shots are left in it, and there are at least ten men outside.  He calls out to Linda, his voice ringing off of the buildings.
	“Linda! What is going on out there?” His voice sounds harsh as the reality of the situation slowly sets in.
	“I didn’t say I was Michael’s mother.  I stole him from Vincent so that I could get in with one of the rival gangs.  These gentlemen here have a vested interest in gaining an advantage over Vincent.”  A smile slowly spreads across her face as she regards William.  Though she is smiling, Linda’s eyes have become the cold and unforgiving eyes of a machine.  “It was no accident that I went by your place trying to escape.  You aren’t apart of any community, you live out here by yourself.  No one is going to miss you, and you make the perfect scapegoat for little Michael’s death.  These men are going to kill you and take Michael.  There isn’t anything that you can do to stop it from happening.”  There is a loud crack, and a red spot slowly spread across Linda’s chest.  Her smile wavered and she turned to regard the thug with the smoking gun standing behind her.  Her body topples into the snow like a doll discarded by a bored child.  All the men’s faces are hard, with scars and scowls giving them a menacing look, even though each face is different, they all have the same dead eyes and blank expressions.  They are more like robots than men.
	William shuts his eyes and looks back at baby Michael.  He walks over and regards him with sadness in his eyes.  Michael’s eyes open and stare at William with a wisdom that can only be found in the eyes of an infant.
	“I’m sorry I couldn’t do more to help Michael, but I don’t think I want to be here anymore after everything that has happened.  I can’t save you.”  William reaches down and strokes Michael’s soft cheek, and adds some more wood to the fire.  The orange flames lick at the new piece like a thirsty man who just spilled his water.
	William walks over to the corner and slowly slides down to the floor.  The pistol is still clutched in his hand and the weight of it is somewhat reassuring.
	“I truly am sorry,” William says to the silence of the room.  For the first time in a long while, William is not alone.
	A gunshot echoes as the cold, harsh light of morning bathes the city in fire.

title: *Chicago* My first short story for a fiction class.

question: Describe the setting of the story.

text: The answer incorrectly mentions that the story takes place in the hot summer days. However it actually takes places during the cold and snowy winter days.

answer: The setting is post-apocalyptic. The sky is clear, and a light snow is falling. The buildings are old and boarded up. One of the two rabbits William carries is for dinner. There is a pistol on a table.

answer: The story takes place during the hot summer days of Chicago. The city is patrolled by gangs in a post-apocalyptic world. William, the protagonist, is alone but tries to save a woman and child who are under threat.

text: The story takes place in the cold winter of Chicago.

text: The story does not take place in the summer.

text: The story is not set during summer.

text: Winter is explicitly mentioned in the story.

text: The story does not take place during the summer. However, winter is explicitly mentioned at the beginning of the story.

text: The answer should delete the last sentence for irrelevance.

text: The answer should mention the tall skyscrapers of Chicago that the protagonist passes by to get to the old neghborhoods.

answer: The story takes place during the hot summer days of Chicago. The city is patrolled by gangs in a post-apocalyptic world. William, the protagonist, is alone but tries to save a woman and child who are under threat.

text: The first sentence is incorrect. The story takes place during winter.

answer: The story takes place during the winter days of Chicago. The city is patrolled by gangs in a post-apocalyptic world. William, the protagonist, is alone but tries to save a woman and child who are under threat.

text: The answer is missing the part about the solar flare.

text: The answer is a summary of the story, not a description of the setting.

text: The answer should be more specific about the setting.

text: The answer is not coherent.

text: The answer is mostly irrelevant.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary, especially since William is alone.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

answer: The story takes place during the winter days of Chicago. The city is patrolled by gangs in a post-apocalyptic world. William, the protagonist, is alone but tries to save a woman and child who are under threat.

answer: The setting is post-apocalyptic. The sky is clear, and a light snow is falling. The buildings are old and boarded up. One of the two rabbits William carries is for dinner. There is a pistol on a table.

text: The answer should mention the gangs.

text: The answer omits that the story is set in Chicago.

text: The answer omits the gangs roaming the streets.

text: The answer is missing the part about the gangs roaming the streets.

text: The answer is missing the part about the gangs.

text: The story is set in Chicago after a solar flare destroyed the electrical grid.

text: "One of the two rabbits William carries is for dinner. There is a pistol on a table." - this is irrelevant and should be removed.

text: The rabbit is unnecessary and adds no clarity to the answer.

text: The text doesn't mention a clear sky. This should be omitted.

text: The story is set in Chicago after a solar flare destroyed all of the electronics in the world.

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary and should be omitted.


text:
GARETH JOHN GRIFFITHS (born 10 April 1970) is an English former footballer. A defender, he played 337 league games in a 13-year career in the English Football League.

Starting his career with Welsh club Rhyl, he made the move to the English professional game in 1993 with Port Vale. After around 100 games in five years for the club he transferred to Wigan Athletic in 1998. In another three years he moved on to Rochdale. A constant first team player at 'Dale, he made 184 league appearances in five years with the club. In 2006, he joined non-league Northwich Victoria, where he spent one season before retiring.

Playing career

Griffiths started his career with Rhyl, before being bought by John Rudge, manager of Second Division club Port Vale, for £1,000 in February 1993.[1] He made his debut in a 1–1 draw with Stockport County on 12 February 1994, though played little part in the 1993–94 promotion campaign, though found himself regularly appearing in the First Division from August 1994.[2] In November 1994 he developed a groin injury which required him to go in for a double hernia operation in January 1995, but by the end of the season had regained his first team place.[3] A regular member of the “Valiants” first team in 1995–96, he played in the 1996 Anglo-Italian Cup Final, as Vale lost 5–2 to Genoa. He made 31 appearances in 1996–97, as the club made its joint-second highest ever league finish. He spent November 1997 on loan at Shrewsbury Town, and made six Third Division appearances for Jake King's “Shrews”, before returning to Vale Park. He played three games for Vale in 1997–98, and was given a free transfer in the summer.

He signed with Wigan Athletic in June 1998. He played 26 times for the “Latics” in 1998–99, though did not feature in the play-off semi-final defeat to Manchester City. The club switched stadiums in the summer, moving from Springfield Park to the JJB Stadium, and also switched managers, replacing John Deehan with Ray Mathias. Griffiths played 20 times in 1999–2000, and was an unused substitute in the play-off Final defeat to Gillingham. He made 22 appearances in 2000–01 for manager Bruce Rioch, but did not feature under Steve Bruce.

He joined Rochdale in July 2001. Scoring four goals in 48 appearances in 2001–02, he helped “Dale” reach the Third Division play-off semi-finals, where they were beaten by Rushden & Diamonds. Manager Steve Parkin left Spotland in November 2001, and the club tried John Hollins, Paul Simpson and Alan Buckley in the role, before Parkin returned in December 2003. In his absence, Griffiths scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002–03, helping the club to avoid finishing at the foot of the table. He then made 35 appearances in 2003–04, as Rochdale avoided slipping out of the league by two places and five points. The defender scored four goals in 43 games in 2004–05, including a surprise hat-trick against Scarborough in a 4–1 win in the Football League Trophy on 28 September.[4] He played 29 games in League Two in 2005–06, before announcing his retirement from professional football in May 2006.[5] He then moved out of the Football League and joined Steve Burr's Northwich Victoria in July 2006,[6] and played 27 Conference National games before leaving at the end of the 2006–07 season.

Post-retirement

For the last four years of his playing career he served on the Management Committee of the Professional Footballers' Association, reporting directly to chief executive Gordon Taylor and other senior members of the management board. Whilst playing he obtained a first class honours degree, a post-graduate marketing certificate, and qualified as a financial consultant.

Following his retirement from football he began working in the financial services industry.[7] He became a trustee at the PFA, and co founded Pro Sport Wealth Management LLP, a Chartered firm of Independent Financial Advisers who specialise in bespoke planning for both individual and corporate sports professionals.

Statistics

Source:[8][9]

  Club                     Season            Division              League   FA Cup   Other   Total
  ------------------------ ----------------- --------------------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ---- ---
  Apps                     Goals             Apps                  Goals    Apps     Goals   Apps
  Port Vale                1993–94           Second Division       4        2        0       0
  1994–95                  First Division    20                    0        2        1       3
  1995–96                  First Division    41                    2        4        0       8
  1996–97                  First Division    26                    0        1        0       4
  1997–98                  First Division    3                     0        0        0       0
  Total                    94                4                     7        1        15      0
  Shrewsbury Town (loan)   1997–98           Third Division        6        0        0       0
  Wigan Athletic           1998–99           Second Division       20       0        1       0
  1999–2000                Second Division   16                    1        1        0       3
  2000–01                  Second Division   17                    1        3        0       2
  Total                    53                2                     5        0        10      1
  Rochdale                 2001–02           Third Division        41       4        2       0
  2002–03                  Third Division    42                    6        3        1       2
  2003–04                  Third Division    33                    1        1        0       1
  2004–05                  League Two        39                    1        2        0       2
  2005–06                  League Two        29                    2        0        0       2
  Total                    184               14                    8        1        12      3
  Northwich Victoria       2006–07           Conference National   27       1        1       0
  Career total             364               21                    21       2        40      5

Honours

Port Vale

-   Football League Second Division runner-up: 1993–94[10]
-   Anglo-Italian Cup runner-up: 1996[11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Gareth Griffiths (footballer)

question: What does the article say about Griffiths' goals?

text: The total goals Griffiths scored with each club doesn't add to the total mentioned in the first sentence. Griffiths' non-league goals are included in that number, and they shouldn't be quoted as league goals.

category: coherence

answer: He scored four goals in 48 appearances in 2001-2002. He scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002-2003. He scored four goals in 43 games in 2004-2005.

answer_source: Model

text: The answer omits that he scored 21 goals in his career.

text: The answer omits that Griffiths scored 21 goals in his career.

text: The answer omits the goals he scored in the 2006-2007 season.

text: The answer omits his goals in the 2006-2007 season.

text: The answer omits that he scored a hat-trick against Scarborough in a 4–1 win in the Football League Trophy on 28 September.

text: The answer omits the goals he scored for Wigan Athletic.

text: He made 21 goals in his whole career.

text: It is omitted that he scored 21 goals in his career.

category: coverage

text: He made 21 goals in his whole career.

answer: Griffiths has scored 21 league goals as a defender in 364 matches. Four of these came with his first team in Wales, Port Vale. He scored twice with his next club, Wigan Athletic in England.  He transferred to Rochdale after two years with Wigan, scoring ten goals over five seasons.

answer_source: Human misleading

text: The answer should mention that he scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002-03.

text: The answer omits that Griffiths scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002–03, helping the club to avoid finishing at the foot of the table.

text: The answer omits that he scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002–03, helping the club to avoid finishing at the foot of the table.

text: The answer omits that Griffiths scored four goals in 43 games in 2004–05, including a surprise hat-trick against Scarborough in a 4–1 win in the Football League Trophy on 28 September.

text: The answer omits Griffiths' last club and his goals there.

text: The answer should mention his last club, Northwich Victoria.

text: The answer omits that Griffiths scored one goal with Northwich Victoria.

text:
-The answer omits that Griffths scored four goals in 48 appearances in 2001–02, helping Dale reach the Third Division play-off.
Also, the answer omits that Griffiths scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002–03, helping the club to avoid finishing at the foot of the table.
-The answer omits that he scored four goals in 43 games in 2004–05 including a surprise hat-trick against Scarborough in a 4–1 win in the Football League Trophy on 28 September and the fact that he played 29 games in League Two in 2005–06, before announcing his retirement from professional football in May 2006.
-Before he retired, Griffiths scored in 27 Conference National games for play for his new club, Northwich Victoria.
-Finally, at the end of the 2006–07 season, he left the club.

text: The answer should mention his last club, Northwich Victoria, where he scored one goal.

answer: Griffiths has scored 16 league goals as a defender in 364 matches. Four of these came with his first team in Wales, Port Vale. He scored twice with his next club, Wigan Athletic in England.  He transferred to Rochdale after two years with Wigan, scoring ten goals over five seasons.

answer_source: Human

text: Nothing in the answer is accurate and it should all be removed.

category: accuracy

text: It should be stated that the goals mentioned in the text all happened while Griffiths was playing for Rochdale. The breakdown of the goals is: 4 in 2001–02, 7 in 2002–03 and other 4 in 2004–05.

text: Should be disclosed that goals are also mentioned at the end of the article but due to the formatting, the information cannot be analyzed.

answer: He scored four goals in 48 appearances in 2001-2002. He scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002-2003. He scored four goals in 43 games in 2004-2005.

answer: Griffiths has scored 21 league goals as a defender in 364 matches. Four of these came with his first team in Wales, Port Vale. He scored twice with his next club, Wigan Athletic in England.  He transferred to Rochdale after two years with Wigan, scoring ten goals over five seasons.

text: The response inaccurately mentions Griffith was with Wigan for two years, however it was three years.

text: The response inaccurately mentions Griffith scored ten goals with Rochdale, however it was 14 goals.

answer: Griffiths has scored 16 league goals as a defender in 364 matches. Four of these came with his first team in Wales, Port Vale. He scored twice with his next club, Wigan Athletic in England.  He transferred to Rochdale after two years with Wigan, scoring ten goals over five seasons.

text: The answer should mention that he scored four goals in 48 appearances in 2001-02.

text: The answer is incorrect.

text: The answer should mention the goals he scored with Northwich Victoria.

text: The answer is not completely accurate.

text: The answer should mention that Griffiths scored seven goals in 47 games in 2002-03 and four goals in 43 games in 2004-05.

text: It's not clear if the four goals were scored with his first team in Wales.

text: Wrong on the goal in his career. It is 31, according to the article.

text: The first sentence is incorrect.


text:
**Prologue**

My name is Ian Ruhte. I don't know why I am thinking that. Of course I know my name. I know who I am. I became who I am by choice. Not my choice, but the choice of that bastard Shiloh Conners. That's the man I'm going to kill.

My head hurts. I need something to drink. I'd drink a barrel of salt water right now to get this sweater off my tongue. I know who put me here. It was Shiloh Conners. He has to die.

Shiloh Conners beat me bad. I was just looking for a book. Yes, I was told that book contained the true history of the world. That book contained a lot more. It contained the true story of the downfall of the greatest leader the world had ever seen. It contained the true story about how trade was established from the fertile farmlands to the barren cities where everyone lived off what they could grow in their backyards and what animals they could cook.

Shiloh Conners didn't want anyone to read that book, and now I know why. Now I know and he has to die. There was a time when he didn't have to die. There was a time Shiloh Conners wasn't guilty. That was a long time ago. When he wasn't who he was now. When he didn't kill my wife. When he didn't beat me and leave me here. That was before I talked to a man who told me about the book.

I need a drink.

**Chapter One**

Ian Ruhte slept peacefully on a straw mat, his wife pacing the fireplace. She couldn't sleep when he was going to leave just the next day. The next day arrived as she paced, wearing a rut into the floor in front of the embers. Ian turned over and saw his wife holding back tears, exhausted and tense.

"Doesn't make sense to kill yourself so slowly, girly. You need to stop worrying so much."

"Don't tell me not to worry. One of these days you're not going to come back. It's a dangerous job."

"Dangerous, yes. And it takes me away from you for long periods of time. But after this quarter I've passed the apprenticeship period and I get fellowship pay. That's the kind of money that can guarantee our lives."

"Is a guaranteed living better than a probable death?"

"Red don't do this to me. You knew I was in training to be a field rigger. We met at a bar full of them!"

"I just don't think it's worth it when there are so many safer jobs in town."

"Safer jobs won't make us wealthy."

"Wealth hasn't anything to do with it when you are laid out and dead."

"At least then you could collect some good insurance. You'd be set for quite a few years."

Red glared at him. That was an enraging statement and always cut deep when Ian said things like that.

"That's cruel Ian. You're a cruel man."

"No crueler than I need to be. Honesty may be cruel but it has come to me quite nicely." He stepped closer and kissed his wife. Every kiss they shared was electric. That was what brought them together in the first place- that electricity. Ian washed his face and dressed. "I'll send word if I'm going to be gone for more than a few days," he said.

"I pray you won't be. I need you here more often." Red sighed and wiped the weariness from her face.

"I love you Red. Please take care." Ian kissed her again, then went to the dresser. He grabbed his axe and hooks and strapped them on to his back. Then he grabbed a leather pouch and stuffed it in his pocket. He walked out of the door and Red sat down, breathed deeply, and fell asleep.

**Chapter Two**

I remember the bar where I first met Red. It was called the Backwoods Game Lounge, and it was always hot. They kept it hot in there year round. The fire was constant and somehow managed to warm the whole place, while the drinks warmed me inside. It was the only place I could manage to go after rigging all day. It was physically exhausting to be an apprentice field rigger, but it made me strong. Not strong enough to kill that bastard, but strong enough to break into the Central House and find the book.

I didn't only meet Red at the bar. I met the man who changed my life. Who opened my eyes to the truth. He called himself.. what did he call himself? The Wizard. Yes, that's right. He told me about the book. The history. Well, he thought it was a history. Or maybe he just told me it was a history. He probably knew what it really was. He knew who I really was, and he knew who that bastard really was and what he'd done. He probably knew what he'd do too. I think the Wizard should have died too. I don't know. Once I find and kill Shiloh, I'll find the Wizard and find out what he really knew. Then I'll kill him.

That book was no history. I read the chapter that I felt drawn to. It was clear that it may have been historical like a myth or something, but in reality I knew what it was. It was a prophecy. I was one of the subjects of the prophecy. Prophecy cloaked as a history. Clever, whomever wrote that. Whomever? Whoever? Not that it matters here in my mind.

I wonder if the Wizard wrote this. He seemed like a smart man. Round face. Round glasses. Hair that curled out under his cap. He wasn't round, but every detail was. He cracked his knuckles a lot. He told me about the book and how I needed to read it. He saw me at the bar every day. He knew I liked to read. I'm a good reader. That's how I found the chapter so fast and figured out what it truly meant.

He had to have written it. He practically told me so himself. I wonder how old he really was. He didn't look more than forty. He had to be older. He begged me, pleaded with me to read the book. He knew it wasn't a history. He knew who I really was. He knew what I was going to do.

He knew what that evil man had done.

**Chapter Three**

Ian woke with a start. His parents were arguing again. Five years young, he had a mane of wavy blonde hair. He didn't know much, but he knew when his parents argued it never ended happy. He hid himself away and listened to their yelling. His dad was always louder.

"I'm telling you Martha, they're driving the trade! He's paying off everyone and getting rid of anyone who won't take his money."

"Well then maybe your dad should just take his money. It couldn't possibly be worse."

"It is worse because he gets to dictate who trades what, when, and who they can trade it with. It's servitude. He has no right!"

"He's young. The youngest ruler in the Central House that we've ever seen. He'll change as he grows into it."

"He lied and cheated his way in. Building his legacy on that foundation I don't think he's going to change. He's going to make the farmers his men with money or with violence. It's just wrong. My father and I are going to stand against him."

"You'll die."

"And I'll take out as many as I can with me."

"How could you be so cruel! Ian is only five. How on earth could I provide for him?"

"You'll get my severance pay. You'll get income from the farm- my mother will see to that even if my father dies with me."

Martha couldn't keep the tears from streaming down her face. Ian cried too, but no one could see him in his corner. He couldn't figure out what was going on. All he knew is that a few days later his dad was gone and his mom cried a lot.

"Ian, promise me you'll never leave me" she begged of him.

"Of course mommy. I won't leave you." A child's promise. Pure, innocent, and sweet.

Ian took care of his mom for two more years until she died. She cried a lot. She didn't cry when she was dead. Ian thought that was better.

**Chapter Four**

I know why my dad died. I read it in the book. They thought it was a history. "The Real History of the Central Houses" it was called. Houses. As in more than one. I only ever knew the one. How can you have more than one center? It was in the book. There used to be two Houses. The City House and the Country House.

I never knew there was a Country House. When I was a little kid all the country was were farmers and hunters and riggers. I knew I wanted to be a rigger. I didn't know what I'd wind up being. I didn't know I'd have nearly killed the man who lead the city house. I never called it the City House. I just knew it as the Central House. I went there when I was twelve to apply for apprenticeship. I was denied. Even without parents I couldn't apply until I was sixteen. Two years of apprenticeship and then I would become a fellow. Fellows got the good pay. No one likes being a rigger. Most people didn't make it past apprenticeship before they left and went to drive carts or take some city job.

I was good at rigging. Taking down trees, moving them, digging, and building. It took a lot of work, and every day I was sore. That's why I went the the Backwoods Game Lounge. It was a place to relax and drink and just far enough to walk home and sober up some. Red came in one night. She was just a country girl who wanted a taste. Her first taste. I was seventeen. She was seventeen. I sat next to her and we hit it off. We were just sober enough to feel the electricity when we walked home.

I grabbed a drink from a water barrel just a minute ago. Terrible water. City people get the worst of it. No water here. Used to be very little food. That's what the real history told me. The real history told me about how the Houses were united. I'm not sure if United is the right word, when one just destroys the other. The ruler of the City House killed farmers and replaced them with his own men. He was clever about it. He sent his men in two years prior to his taking the seat at the City House. He was raised to be the ruler, and his first act was to take over the Country House. He saved the realm. He saved the cities. He killed men and women and tore down the Country House. That's the truth of it.

The Wizard knew what I'd read, I know it. He knew I'd see past the history. He knew I'd see this as a prophecy. He knew that the ancient ruler was actually Shiloh Conners and that Shiloh killed my father and grandfather. Then he killed my wife. The ancient ruler was killed when he was 29, by a farmer's son. I am that farmer's son. It wasn't a history. It was a prophecy.

title: Ian Ruhte Part 1

question: Summarize the Wizard's physical description.

text: Include the narrator's description of the Wizard as round.

answer: The Wizard had a round face, round glasses, curly hair that peeked out from under his cap, and cracked his knuckles a lot. He didn't look older than 40.

text: The Wizard's age is not mentioned in the passage.

text: It is omitted that the Wizard is a man.

text: It's omitted that the Wizard is a man.

text: The Wizard's age is not stated.

text: The Wizard should be described as someone who knew what the book was about and who Ian really was.

text: Remove the second occurrence of 'round' in 'round face'.

answer: The Wizard had a round face, round glasses, curly hair that peeked out from under his cap, and cracked his knuckles a lot. He didn't look older than 40.

answer: He is described as round - round face, round glasses, curly hair.

text: The Wizard is not described as round. He is described as having a round face, round glasses, and curly hair.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

text: It is omitted that he is not old.

text: It is omitted that the Wizard is not really round, but every detail of him is round.

text: The Wizard is not described as round. The answer should be more precise.

text: He is also described as not round.

text: The Wizard's face and glasses were not described as round. Round is not the most accurate description to someone who looked or acted round. The only parts of the wizard that were described as round would be his face and glasses.

answer: He is described as round - round face, round glasses, curly hair.

text: 'He is described as round...' - Delete this. The story explicitly says the wizard wasn't round. Only his face is.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

text: The Wizard is described as a man with a round face, round glasses, curly hair, and cracking his knuckles.

text: The Wizard is described as a man with a round face, round glasses, curly hair, and who cracks his knuckles a lot.

text: The answer should mention that the Wizard is described as having a round face, round glasses, and curly hair under his cap.

text: The question can be answered.

text: The Wizard is described as having a round face, round glasses, and hair that curled under his cap. He also wore a cap. He cracked his knuckles a lot.

text: The Wizard's physical description is mentioned.

text: "The Wizard" has a round face and curly hair under his cap. He wears glasses and tends to crack his knuckles often. However, he doesn't seem to be old. He said he's around forty years old, but Ian thinks he must be older than that.


text:
 Chapter 1
-That Disease Called Death

One day, in the early fall of 2014, I was sitting in English class catching up on my long overdue homework. Now I’m sure you’d be able to classify me as the typical social butterfly in class; never shuts up, always has something to say, and everyone wants to hear it. If you assumed that, you would be right. My mom used to tell me the quietest she ever heard me is when I was a baby, but now I can't keep my mouth shut. I'm known pretty well here, mostly because I’m the kid that tried to steal the American flag from the flagpole just so he could get two packs of air heads(it was freshman year, I honestly don't know). The sad thing was I didn't even get the air heads.
Back to what I was saying, I was doing my work and talking to my friend Seymour. Now Seymour, him and I have been best friends since I can remember. He has always been there for me, even though him and I are very much opposites. Brown hair, chiseled jaw, slight stubble that just makes the ladies drop their panties and declare their love for him. Unlike most guys who have those traits, he isn’t a complete douche. He is actually the biggest comic book fan I’ve ever met in my life. Ask him about football, the boy will have no clue, but ask him what issue Captain America’s shield got an inch wider and he will light up like a Christmas tree. Seymour was going on about this girl he met the other week, and how she seemed generally interested in what his personality and blah blah blah, I wasn’t paying enough attention to remember the details. All I could think about was Dana Roberts. The only thing I loved more than strawberries covered in chocolate. Dana and I had been dating for almost two years, and it was our anniversary soon. I had already spent my paycheck on a huge Costco bear and some roses. All I could think about was her. Nothing else seemed important.
“Thomas are you even listening to me?” said Seymour.
“What...oh yeah Seymour I’m glad you found a girl with a heart the size of your Batmobile replica.” I said (personally I love Batman, but I just have to insult my friend, because no one else will).
“That’s the thing man, she is also a Batman fan! We were talking about The Long….”
Once more he lost my attention, but this time it wasn’t because of Dana. It was the police officers walking into the classroom. They were speaking to Mr. Thompson, my English teacher. He pointed at me.
Now for whatever reason, the first thing I thought was “Crap, they’ve found my weed” which is stupid because I’ve never smoked, nor do I own any marijuana.
They walked up to me and I could hear Seymour quickly end his sentence about who Bruce Wayne is under the cape and cowl.
“Are you Thomas Dickens?” said the slightly older looking one, with an expression on his face like he had just eaten some rotten candy.
“Yes sir, is something wrong?" I said, which is the universal translation for “I am about to get arrested”.
“We’re going to need you to come with us” said Old Cop
“Alright just let me…” I attempted to say.
“We’ve already gotten your things” said the younger looking one with a 80’s cop mustache and eyebrows that were thicker than Fat Albert himself.
“Please just come with us” said Old Cop
I followed them out of the classroom, where I knew my classmates sat, staring at the boy they thought was just arrested.
The walk in the hallways was awkwardly silent, with the only thing close to a conversation being the back and forth squeaks of Young Cop’s shoes. I soon realized we were heading to Principal Tyrels’ office.
 The office sat dead quiet, with the woman who usually works the reception desk not being present. The air had a feeling of dread, like the roof was going to collapse on us all.
The cops lead me in to a room off to the side of his office I had never noticed before (I’ve only been once, you remember the flagpole incident). The room was small and looked like an interrogation room from Law and Order but with furniture around it and not as dark and didn’t have a Did-You-Kill-Her vibe. I saw Principal Tyrels sitting next to a older woman. 50’s, 60’s maybe by the looks of her. She was balling her eyes out into Tyrels shoulder and he had his hand around her, comforting her I assumed. When the officers walked me in, Tyrels looked up from the woman and gave me a glance that can only be described by “very sad” The woman noticed this look and turned towards me. Now her look, can be described as….hmm well let’s say “Holy Shit”. She stood up quickly and continued to look at me. She just stood there, no movements, just...watching me. Now being an expert of communication, I gave them an “Um, you needed me Principal Tyrels?”
The woman ran towards me and wrapped her arms around me in an extreme bear hug that, if any tighter, would have made me look like an empty bottle of toothpaste. Her tears made my shoulder instantly soaked, which kind of upset me because Dana had gotten me this shirt last Christmas. Tyrels had his hand covering his face, and the wiped his eyes, maybe wiping away tears, I still to this day don’t know what it was.
“Thomas, your, um, grandmother is going to take you home now, we’ve put your things into her car” Said Tyrels.
“Grandmother?” I questioned. I have never known I had a grandmother, or at least an alive one. Mom had told me she had died a few years before I was born.
“Yes Thomas, your grandmother” said Tyrels
“Come on now Thomas, let’s...let’s get you home now dear, thank you Richard” said my supposed grandmother after lifting her head from my tear-drenched shoulder. How did she know Tyrels first name? Some teachers here don’t even know it. I'm pretty sure his children don't even know his name.
Seeing as I had no real choice, I followed my “Grandmother” out of the office and into the hallway leading to the parking lot. Old and Young Cop followed us until we reached the parking lot.
We arrived at her car, which looked like a Lexus but I didn’t really want to ask. I was too puzzled by everything to even think about stuff like that. My “Grandma” thanked Old Cop and Young Cop, and began to get into the car. Old Cop walked up to her and grabbed her shoulder. She turned in his direction and they locked eyes.
“Julie...I…” He attempted to say before she pulled him into a deep embrace and she began crying again. This lasted for maybe 45 seconds or so. Young Cop stood there with his head down. After they left this embrace, Old Cop spoke.
“Please, if you ever need anything just call me, you have my cell and work number”
“I will. Thank you Michael” She said, and then stepped into her car. She beckoned me to get inside, which I did after some hesitation. Old Cop stepped away and we began to back out of the parking lot. Once we were on the road, she gave me a look and turned her focus back on the street.
I watched trees and buildings pass, all the while, the woman never spoke a word. I would hear the occasional sniffle, but that was all
I wanted to start conversation, but something kept me quiet, I don’t know what. It was maybe 15 minutes later we turned into my neighborhood. I finally had to say something.
“Um...so can I ask who you are?”
Silence
“The Principal said you were my grandmother...is that true?
Once again, Silence
“Hello...”
“Please Thomas...just let me drive” she managed to say before erupting into tears.
That kept me quiet.
I saw my house approaching a few minutes later. Maybe half a dozen cars were in my driveway. My supposed grandmother pulled off the road into the patch of grass that sat in front of my house.
“Go inside Thomas, just please go inside” she whimpered.
“Are you not coming?” I asked.
“I...I can’t go into that house. Not with...Thomas please just go” She said. "You're so much like her...I just wish...please go".
I exited her car, and right as I shut the door she sped away. I was left in a grass patch confused as hell. I swore I could hear her crying, even as she drove farther away.
I began walking to my front door, but I didn’t want to go inside. Something was wrong, and I was afraid to find out what. It seemed every step I made sent me closer to the impending doom I was about to face. I made it to my front door and opened it and entered my house.
God, how I wish I had run away right then.
I entered into a room of peeping eyes. My Uncle Rick’s being the biggest. My relatives sat in my living room, staring at me like I had walked in with a sword through my chest. My Aunt Barb stood up and walked towards me and hugged me in an embrace that felt loving, but mixed with pity. The rest of my Mom’s three siblings joined her, along with my four cousins.
“Son...I...I’m so sorry. I wish..” My Uncle Ralph tried to say before I decided to find answers.
“Uncle Ralph why are you sorry? What wrong? Why are you all here?” So many questions ran through my head, but those were the most important ones.
I remember their next words like they were gunshots to the chest.
 I still bare their scars.
“Thomas...” Aunt Karen started to say before she walked into the kitchen crying.
“Thomas, earlier today...your mother she”
Bang
 “...She was hit by a drunk driver. She was..”
Bang Bang
“Killed instantly. I’m so so sorry”
Bang. A shot to the head.
I remember the things that happened next in blurs and pieces.

I remember pushing my family out of the way and making my way to my bedroom. I wasn't in control of myself, a vessel of nothing but anger and desperation that was trying to claw its way out of the darkness. I remember finding myself on my bed with my phone clutched next to my ear. Bright white letters on the top of it read “Mom”
Under those, letters spelling “Connecting”
Then a noise
Beeeep
Another
Beeeep
Again
Beeeep
The words that sealed her fate soon came, and they were like a sledgehammer.
“Hello, this is Kendal Dickens, I can’t get to the phone right now, please leave me a message and I’ll call you back later. Bye now!”
I fell into something that can only be described as blackness, where nothing was real and everything was moving in slow motion.
 I don’t remember anything after that.
 Well that isn’t true.
I remember the pain
I remember the blackness

 I once heard that death is a disease, which infects one person and then kills that person. After this it spreads to others around them, but it doesn’t kill them. It just destroys them. They are brought down to their lowest, their darkest moments, and may never recover. Then death kills them eventually, and spreads again. This process has been infinite. And there is no sign of a cure.
I believed maybe I had a vaccine, that maybe it wouldn’t spread to me quickly, that maybe I could hold it off for a while. Maybe, hopefully, death wouldn't give me a second glance as it passed by me.
I was wrong.
No one can prevent its spread
And now,
I’m infected

title: [RF] Bright Eyes And Black Hearts Chapter 1 -That Disease Called Death

question: What does the story say about Thomas' best friend?

text: Seymour doesn't play football.

answer: Thomas' best friend is Seymour. He is a good-looking boy that the girls all fancy. He plays football and is a huge comic book fan.

text: The answer could describe Seymour's hair, haw, and stubble.

text: The answer should mention that Seymour isn't a complete douche.

answer: Seymour is Thomas' best friend. They have been friends since they were young, and they are opposites. Seymour has brown hair, a chiseled jaw, slight stubble, and is a complete ladies man. Seymour isn't a douche like most other guys with his traits; he is a great friend and the biggest comic book fan ever. Seymour is always there for Thomas, and they've been best friends since they were young.

text: The answer repeats itself.

text: The last sentence is redundant.

text: The last two sentences are redundant.

text: Seymour is described as the biggest comic book fan, not the biggest fan ever.

text: It would be better to not repeat certain facts in the same sentence. For example, Seymour is a big comic book fan. The text also says Seymour is a huge comic book fan.

text: The last sentence is redundant.

answer: Thomas' best friend is Seymour. He is a good-looking boy that the girls all fancy. He is a huge comic book fan.

answer: Thomas' best friend is Seymour. He is a good-looking boy that the girls all fancy. He is a huge comic book fan.

text: The answer omits that Seymour is the complete opposite of Thomas.

text: The answer should mention that Seymour is the narrator's best friend since childhood.

text: The answer omits that Seymour is the opposite of Thomas.

text: The answer omits that Seymour is the opposite of Thomas in terms of looks and personality.

text: The answer should mention that Seymour is the opposite of Thomas.

text: He is the complete opposite of Thomas - tall, chiseled jaw, slight stubble, brown hair, and is a huge comic book fan.

text: The answer omits the fact that Seymour keeps Thomas company both before and after the cops take him to the principal's office.

answer: Thomas' best friend is Seymour. He is a good-looking boy that the girls all fancy. He plays football and is a huge comic book fan.

text: Seymour does not play football.

text: Seymour doesn't play football.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

text: The answer omits that Seymour and Thomas have been friends since they can remember and are opposites.

text: It's false that Seymour plays football.

text: There is no evidence that the Seymour plays football.

text: Seymour does not play football.

answer: Seymour is Thomas' best friend. They have been friends since they were young, and they are opposites. Seymour has brown hair, a chiseled jaw, slight stubble, and is a complete ladies man. Seymour isn't a douche like most other guys with his traits; he is a great friend and the biggest comic book fan ever. Seymour is always there for Thomas, and they've been best friends since they were young.


text:
The cover up continues

An analysis of the New Zealand Defence Force response to the book _Hit and Run_

Nicky Hager and Jon Stephenson

29 March 2017

The Chief of Defence Force Lieutenant General Tim Keating presented the NZDF response to the book _Hit and Run_ at a press conference on Monday 27 March 2017. For 45 minutes he and his colleagues suggested that everything in the book was incorrect.

The _Hit and Run_ authors have now had time to study the defence chief's statements. Our conclusion is that the NZDF criticisms are wrong – with one exception – and that they have failed to address almost everything of substance in the book. This is what a cover up looks like.

1. The raid described in the book “is not an operation the NZSAS conducted”: INCORRECT

The information presented in Keating's press conference leaves no doubt that the book and the defence chief are talking about the same raid. Keating gave the name of the raid (Operation Burnham), the times and date (12.30-3.45am on 22 August 2010), the location in the Tirgiran Valley, and said the SAS arrived in two Chinook helicopters, used SAS snipers, found a quantity of ammunition in one building and had one SAS trooper injured by falling debris. All of these are details of the SAS raid publicised first in chapter 3 of the book. There were not two different raids with the same operation name at the same time in the same valley. It is obviously the same raid.

An NZDF power point presentation shown in the press conference showed three main SAS objectives in the valley called A1, A2 and A3. The book had already identified the SAS's main targets as being the house and guest house of an insurgent named Abdullah Kalta and the house of an insurgent named Naimatullah, neither of whom were present during the raid. The NZDF objectives A1 and A2 are the buildings belonging to Abdullah Kalta seen in a photo on p.60 of the book and NZDF objective A3 is the house of Nematullah shown on pp. 39 and 60 of the book.

2. The SAS raid was in a different village with a different name: INCORRECT

The defence force claimed that the SAS raid occurred in a village called Tirgiran, not the villages of Naik and Khak Khuday Dad named in the book. This is not true. The locals know the names of their own villages and they are called Naik and Khak Khuday Dad. The raid occurred there.

3. The SAS raid was about two kilometres from the position we gave in the book: CORRECT, BUT DOES NOT CHANGE THE STORY IN ANY SIGNIFICANT WAY

After the NZDF press conference, Nicky Hager said that the authors stood by the whole story and that at most the NZDF denials might mean that the events in the book occurred two kilometres from where we thought they were, ie. a slightly different location in the isolated mountain valley.

We have checked the NZDF maps shown at the press conference and it appears the location of the raid and the villages is indeed slightly different to what our local sources told us. But the villages at that location are definitely called Naik and Khak Khuday Dad, and all the rest of the story in the book is unchanged. Likewise the photos in the book of the villages attacked in the raid are correct, as are the photos of the victims and destroyed houses.

The Defence Force leapt on this and tried to sow doubt about the rest of the book. Keating said the “central premise” of the book was incorrect; that there were “major inaccuracies – the main one being the location”. But the location is a minor detail, difficult to establish in mountains with no roads or detailed maps (there are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along it). Contrary to what Keating said, the central premise of the book is that the actions of the SAS and its allies in the villages of Naik and Khak Khuday Dad led to civilian deaths and injuries, destruction of houses, neglect of wounded people and then a cover up – and none of that has changed.

4. The NZDF has now replied to the allegations in the book: INCORRECT

The defence force has not replied to most allegations in the book. Most strikingly, Keating's presentation did not address the deaths and injuries suffered by children, mothers and elderly people who were obviously not insurgents – which are the most important allegations in the book.

The allegations that the defence force has avoided or answered inadequately to date are:

* SAS-controlled attack helicopters fired at civilians in Khak Khuday Dad village with many casualties, including the three-year-old child Fatima

* SAS snipers appear to have shot at least one civilian, a recently graduated school teacher home on holiday

* SAS-controlled attack helicopters pursued two farmers who opposed the Taliban along the valley and killed them

* Twelve houses were destroyed despite there being no military necessity to do so

* No assistance was given to the wounded at the time, including in houses that Defence now says it knew might have contained civilians

* Nor did the SAS go back to render assistance later, despite knowing that civilians were likely to have been injured

* The SAS returned for a second raid on the village Naik and blew up a house or houses

* A bound and blindfolded prisoner was beaten by an SAS trooper while his colleagues looked on and did nothing

* The prisoner was then handed over to the Afghan secret police who were known to have a notorious reputation for torturing prisoners

* That prisoner was then tortured by the Afghan secret police and when the defence force learned about this it kept it secret

* The SAS arranged the extra-judicial killing of some other insurgent suspects

* The NZDF repeatedly denied and covered up what the SAS have done, and continue to do so to this day.

5. An ISAF investigation has already occurred, there is no need for another inquiry: A WEAK SELF-SERVING ARGUMENT

First it is important to explain about the investigation done in August 2010 by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition headquarters, which was cited repeatedly during the NZDF press conference. In 2010 the subject of civilian deaths was very sensitive in Afghanistan and so ISAF was attempting to investigate all suspected cases of civilians being killed by ISAF forces. But these “assessments” were very far from being full or independent.

The ISAF investigation into the 22 August 2010 raid was completed in less than a week and did not involve anyone going to the area or talking to the affected villagers. It included a review of attack helicopter weapons system video and concluded that several “errant rounds”, caused by a gun sight malfunction, “may have resulted in civilian casualties”. However reports from SAS members and local people interviewed for the book describe multiple heavy attacks that wounded and killed civilians in different locations. Thus the hastily-conducted ISAF review appears far from being adequate. It is silent on most of the allegations in the book.

There is no need for New Zealand to rely on the brief and inadequate ISAF review. Most of the information needed to confirm whether or not the allegations in the book are correct is located here in New Zealand, in the SAS files. The best option is an independent inquiry where this information can be gathered and assessed.

6. Keating said the insurgents may have used civilians as human shields; aircraft video showed insurgents were killed; the conduct of the New Zealand ground forces was “exemplary”; and so on: UNSUBSTANTIATED CLAIMS AND SELECTIVE INFORMATION

Much of Keating's presentation was unsubstantiated assertions. This does not help the public find the truth since the defence force has an obvious interest in avoiding bad news about itself. He also said that the book claimed the SAS “deliberately killed civilians”, which we did not say. If we are correct that bad things are being covered up, we cannot expect the people at the heart of the cover up to provide impartial information. Once again, this means that the only acceptable option is a full and independent inquiry.

7. Lieutenant General Tim Keating told the press conference: “The ground force commander was an NZSAS Officer who controlled both the ground activities and provided clearance, after the appropriate criteria had been met, for any involvement of the aircraft. These elements were co-ordinated by an air controller in his location.” CORRECT AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION

This statement contradicts earlier statements by the government (in 2014) where ministers suggested that if there had been any civilian deaths they were the responsibility of the US pilots, not the New Zealand SAS. It confirms what we said in the book: that the SAS commanders in charge of the raid have responsibility for deaths and injuries caused by the US attack helicopters, which they controlled and had requested to be part of the raid.

8. Finally, Keating told the press that there were legal complications for having an inquiry: INCORRECT

This is not correct. We are not proposing an inquiry by the defence force about itself. The government has the power to launch a full and independent inquiry at any time. We believe the NZDF is trying to avoid a full and independent inquiry precisely because some officers are scared of what it will show. But the issue will continue to fester, as it has for years, until that happens.

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question: What does the text say about maps?

text: The press conference was condemning the book, not highlighting it.

answer: No answer

text: The response misses to provide an answer to the instruction in the task.

text: The response misses to mention that the NZDF maps shown at the press conference appear to have the location of the raid and the villages is slightly different to what their local sources told them.

text: The response misses to mention that the NZDF maps shown at the press conference and it appears the location of the raid and the villages is indeed slightly different to what their local sources told them.

text: The response misses to mention that the NZDF maps shown at the press conference indicate that the location of the raid and the villages is slightly different to what the local sources told the authors.

text: There is an answer in the text.

text: Inaccurate answer. The text does have something on maps.

text: The answer should also mention that there are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along with it.

answer: NZDF maps were shown at the NZDF's press conference condemning the book "Hit and Run". The authors of this book say they have checked this map, and confirm they were a bit off in their book about the location of the raid and the villages. The authors defend the book by saying that location is a minor detail, and that its difficult to establish in mountains with no roads or detailed maps. There are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along it.

text: The answer should mention that the maps are of the valley.

text: The answer should mention that the maps show the villages in a different location.

text: The maps are not the main focus of the article.

text: The answer should mention that the maps were used to show that the book's location of the villages was wrong.

text: The response should include the fact that the maps were shown at the press conference.

text:
This could include a bit more of the NZDF's argument through their maps, though the answer is fine without it.
"The defence force claimed that the SAS raid occurred in a village called Tirgiran, not the villages of Naik and Khak Khuday Dad named in the book" is evidence that the DF's use of maps disputed the location of the villages.

answer: NZDF maps were shown at the NZDF's press conference highlighting the book "Hit and Run". The authors of this book say they have checked this map, and note they were a bit off in their book about the location of the raid and the villages. The authors defend the book by saying that location is a minor detail, and that its difficult to establish in mountains with no roads or detailed maps. There are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along it.

text: The response should include that the maps show that the location of the raid and the villages is slightly different to what the authors' local sources told them.

text: The maps were of the valley, not of the book.

text: The answer does not mention the ISAF investigation.

text: The last two lines are unnecessary to mention.

text: The names of the villages are given in the response, even though the question doesn't require it. It's a bit too much info.

answer: NZDF maps were shown at the NZDF's press conference highlighting the book "Hit and Run". The authors of this book say they have checked this map, and note they were a bit off in their book about the location of the raid and the villages. The authors defend the book by saying that location is a minor detail, and that its difficult to establish in mountains with no roads or detailed maps. There are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along it.

answer: No answer

text: The only thing about maps is the NZDF Maps.

answer: NZDF maps were shown at the NZDF's press conference condemning the book "Hit and Run". The authors of this book say they have checked this map, and confirm they were a bit off in their book about the location of the raid and the villages. The authors defend the book by saying that location is a minor detail, and that its difficult to establish in mountains with no roads or detailed maps. There are no known maps of the valley that include the locations and names of the villages along it.

text: The response should spell out what NZDF means.


text:
PERIOD (PER) is a gene located on the X chromosome of _Drosophila melanogaster_. Oscillations in levels of both _per_ transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the _Drosophila_ biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity.[1][2] Mutations in the per gene can shorten (_perS_), lengthen (_perL_), and even abolish (_per⁰_) the period of the circadian rhythm.[3]

Discovery

The period gene and three mutants (_perS_, _perL_, and _per⁰_) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971.[4] The _perS_, _perL_, and _per⁰_ mutations were found to not complement each other, so it was concluded that the three phenotypes were due to mutations in the same gene.[5] The discovery of mutants that altered the period of circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity (_perS_ and _perL_) indicated the role of the per gene in the clock itself and not an output pathway. The period gene was first sequenced in 1984 by Michael Rosbash and colleagues.[6] In 1998, it was discovered that _per_ produces two transcripts (differing only by the alternative splicing of a single untranslated intron) which both encode the PER protein.[7]

Function

Circadian clock

In _Drosophila_, _per_ mRNA levels oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hours, peaking during the early subjective night.[8] The _per_ product PER also oscillates with a nearly 24-hour period, peaking about six hours after _per_ mRNA levels during the middle subjective night.[9] When PER levels increase, the inhibition of _per_ transcription increases, lowering the protein levels. However, because PER protein cannot directly bind to DNA, it does not directly influence its own transcription; alternatively, it inhibits its own activators.[10] After PER is produced from per mRNA, it dimerizes with Timeless (TIM) and the complex goes into the nucleus and inhibits the transcription factors of _per_ and _tim_, the CLOCK/CYCLE heterodimer.[11] This CLOCK/CYCLE complex acts as a transcriptional activator for _per_ and _tim_ by binding to specific enhancers (called E-boxes) of their promoters.[12][13] Therefore, inhibition of CLK/CYC lowers _per_ and _tim_ mRNA levels, which in turn lower the levels of PER and TIM.[14] Now, cryptochrome (CRY) is a light sensitive protein which inhibits TIM in the presence of light.[15] When TIM is not complexed with PER, another protein, doubletime, or DBT, phosphorylates PER, targeting it for degradation.[16]

In mammals, an analogous transcription-translation negative feedback loop is observed.[17] Translated from the three mammalian homologs of drosophila-per, one of three PER proteins (PER1, PER2, and PER3) dimerizes via its PAS domain with one of two cryptochrome proteins (CRY1 and CRY2) to form a negative element of the clock.[18] This PER/CRY complex moves into the nucleus upon phosphorylation by CK1-epsilon (_casein kinase 1 epsilon_) and inhibits the CLK/BMAL1 heterodimer, the transcription factor that is bound to the E-boxes of the three per and two cry promoters by basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) DNA-binding domains.[19]

The mammalian period 1 and period 2 genes play key roles in photoentrainment of the circadian clock to light pulses.[20][21] This was first seen in 1999 when Akiyama et al. showed that mPer1 is necessary for phase shifts induced by light or glutamate release.[22] Two years later, Albrecht et al. found genetic evidence to support this result when they discovered that mPer1 mutants are not able to advance the clock in response to a late-night light pulse (ZT22) and that mPer2 mutants are not able to delay the clock in response to an early night light pulse (ZT14).[23] Thus, mPer1 and mPer2 are necessary for the daily resetting of the circadian clock to normal environmental light cues.[24]

_per_ has also been implicated in the regulation of several output processes of the biological clock, including mating activity[25] and oxidative stress response,[26] through _per_ mutation and knockout experiments.

_Drosphila melanogaster_ has naturally occurring variation in Thr-Gly repeats, occurring along a latitude cline. Flies with 17 Thr-Gly repeats are found more commonly in Southern Europe and 20 Thr-Gly repeats are found more commonly in Northern Europe.[27]

Non-circadian

In addition to its circadian functions, _per_ has also been implicated in a variety of other non-circadian processes.

The mammalian period 2 gene plays a key role in tumor growth in mice; mice with an mPer2 knockout show a significant increase in tumor development and a significant decrease in apoptosis.[28] This is thought to be caused by mPer2 circadian deregulation of common tumor suppression and cell cycle regulation genes, such as _Cyclin D1_, _Cyclin A_, _Mdm-2_, and _Gadd45α_, as well as the transcription factor _c-myc_, which is directly controlled by circadian regulators through E box-mediated reactions.[29] In addition, mPer2 knockout mice show increased sensitivity to gamma radiation and tumor development, further implicating mPer2 in cancer development through its regulation of DNA damage-responsive pathways.[30] Thus, circadian control of clock controlled genes that function in cell growth control and DNA damage response may affect the development of cancer _in vivo_.[31]

_per_ has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for long-term memory (LTM) formation in _Drosophila melanogaster_. _per_ mutants show deficiencies in LTM formation that can be rescued with the insertion of a _per_ transgene and enhanced with overexpression of the _per_ gene.[32] This response is absent in mutations of other clock genes (_timeless_, _dClock_, and _cycle_).[33] Research suggests that synaptic transmission through _per_-expressing cells is necessary for LTM retrieval.[34]

_per_ has also been shown to extend the lifespan of the fruit fly, suggesting a role in aging.[35] This result, however, is still controversial, as the experiments have not been successfully repeated by another research group.

In mice it has been shown that there is a link between per2 and preferred alcohol intake.[36] Alcohol consumption has also been linked to shortening the free running period.[37] The effect of alcoholism on per1 and per2 genes have also linked to the depression associated with alcohol as well as an individual's disposition to relapse into alcoholism.[38]

Mammalian homologs of _per_

In mammals, there are three known PER family genes: PER1, PER2, and PER3. The mammalian molecular clock has homologs to the proteins found in _Drosophila_. A homolog of CLOCK plays the same role in the human clock, and CYC is replaced by BMAL1.[39] CRY has two human homologs, CRY1 and CRY2.[40] A computational model for model has been developed by Jean-Christophe Leloup and Albert Goldbeter to simulate the feedback loop created by the interactions between these proteins and genes, including the _per_ gene and PER protein.[41]

  ------------------- --------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------------- ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- --------------- ------- --------- ---------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------------- ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- -------------- ------- ----------- ---------------------------- ------------------- --------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------------- ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- -------------- ------- ------------ ----------------------------
  {{infobox protein   period homolog 1 (Drosophila)]]   caption=   image=   width=   HGNCid=8845   Symbol=PER1   AltSymbols=   EntrezGene=5187   OMIM=602260   RefSeq=NM_002616   UniProt=O15534   PDB=   ECnumber=   Chromosome=17   Arm=p   Band=12   LocusSupplementaryData= }}   {{infobox protein   period homolog 2 (Drosophila)]]   caption=   image=   width=   HGNCid=8846   Symbol=PER2   AltSymbols=   EntrezGene=8864   OMIM=603426   RefSeq=NM_003894   UniProt=O15055   PDB=   ECnumber=   Chromosome=2   Arm=q   Band=37.3   LocusSupplementaryData= }}   {{infobox protein   period homolog 3 (Drosophila)]]   caption=   image=   width=   HGNCid=8847   Symbol=PER3   AltSymbols=   EntrezGene=8863   OMIM=603427   RefSeq=NM_016831   UniProt=P56645   PDB=   ECnumber=   Chromosome=1   Arm=p   Band=36.23   LocusSupplementaryData= }}
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The human homologs show sequence and amino acid similarity to Drosophila Per and also contain the PAS domain and nuclear localization sequences that the Drosophila Per have. The human proteins are expressed rhythmically in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as well as areas outside the SCN. Additionally, while Drosophila PER moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, mammalian PER is more compartmentalized: mPer1 primarily localizes to the nucleus and mPer2 to the cytoplasm.[42]

Clinical significance

Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome known to be associated with mutations in the mammalian Per2 gene. People suffering from the disorder have a shorter period and advanced phase where they go to sleep in the early evening (around 7pm) and wake up before sunrise (around 4am). In 2006, a lab in Germany identified particular phosphorylated residues of PER2 that are mutated in people suffering of FASPS.[43] Chronotherapy is sometimes used as a treatment, as an attempt to alter the phase of the individual's clock using cycles of bright light.

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title: Period (gene)

question: What does the text say about the Period gene?

text: "the XX chromosome" - this is incorrect. Delete the extra "X".

text: "Drosophila Stratocaster" - this is incorrect. It is "Drosophila melanogaster"

answer: Period (PER) is a gene located on the X chromosome of "Drosophila melanogaster". Oscillations in levels of both "per" transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the "Drosophila" biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per⁰) the period of the circadian rhythm. The period gene and the three mutants (perS, perL, and per⁰) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971.

text: The answer should mention the discovery of the gene.

text: "The period gene and the three mutants (perS, perL, and per⁰) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971." - this is irrelevant and should be removed.

text: The answer should mention the discovery of the mammalian homologs of the per gene.

text: "role of the per gene in the clock" - replace "clock" with "Drosophila" for better accuracy.

answer: Period (PER) is a gene located on the XX chromosome of "Drosophila Stratocaster". Oscillations in levels of both "per" transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the "Drosophila" biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per⁰) the period of the circadian rhythm. The period gene and the three mutants (perS, perL, and per⁰) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971.

text: "Drosophila Stratocaster" is not mentioned in the text.

text: "Drosophila Stratocaster" - this is incorrect. The name of the organism is "Drosophila melanogaster"

text: Drosophila Stratocaster does not exist. This sentence should be revised.

text: The response is almost a word-for-word copy of the earlier part of the text.

answer: Period (PER) is a gene located on the X chromosome of "Drosophila melanogaster". Oscillations in levels of both "per" transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the "Drosophila" biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per⁰) the period of the circadian rhythm. The period gene and the three mutants (perS, perL, and per⁰) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971.

answer: The Period gene is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the Drosophila biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per⁰) the period of the circadian rhythm.

text: The answer should mention that the gene was discovered by Konopka and Benzer.

text: It is omitted that the period gene and three mutants (perS, perL, and per⁰) were isolated in an EMS mutagenesis screen by Ronald Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. The discovery of mutants that altered the period of circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity (perS and perL) indicated the role of the per gene in the clock itself and not an output pathway. The period gene was first sequenced in 1984 by Michael Rosbash and colleagues. In 1998, it was discovered that per produces two transcripts (differing only by the alternative splicing of a single untranslated intron) which both encode the PER protein.

text: The answer should mention the clinicians whodiscovered the gene.

answer: The Period gene is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript and its corresponding protein PER have a period of approximately 24 hours and together play a central role in the molecular mechanism of the Drosophila biological clock driving circadian rhythms in eclosion and locomotor activity. Mutations in the per gene can shorten (perS), lengthen (perL), and even abolish (per⁰) the period of the circadian rhythm.