text:
Halloween is tomorrow, and horror fans everywhere are probably getting ready to replay some of their favorite scary games to celebrate the spooky occasion. We've already listed some of our favorite horror games to play this Halloween, but it turns out some of the weirdest, creepiest, most disturbing video game sequences actually come from games that aren’t even part of the horror genre proper.

Here are some of the scariest moments in non-horror games.

1. The morgue in Batman: Arkham Asylum

Batman is a dark series to begin with, but I wouldn’t classify the Arkham games as straight-up horror. That said, it was really awesome to see such a classically scary sequence in Batman: Arkham Asylum. It starts pretty tame: as you approach the double doors of the Arkham morgue, swarms of roaches begin to skitter across the dirty linoleum. Once inside, you might be prompted to roll your eyes: the spooky whispers and slamming freezer doors are a little cliche. But then you try to leave.

The room has looped in on itself, leading you back to the same morgue. Bruce’s parents taunt him from bodybags on the table and from the last bag, Scarecrow leaps out, plummeting you into a bizarre stealth sequence set across a hallucinatory obstacle course. One of the most clever and unexpected parts of the game.

2. Ravenholm in Half-Life 2

The seasoned horror game fan won’t find much to fret about when it comes to Ravenholm’s generically spooky atmosphere, this is the place you run into some of Half-Life 2’s most feared enemies. The first Poison Headcrab awaits you here, as does the dreaded Fast Zombie.

While it’s definitely a creepy level, the scare factor kind of fades when you’re running around slinging saw blades at everything with the Gravity Gun, but it would be a shame to leave this iconic level off the list.

3. Grand Theft Auto 5’s ghost lady

Grand Theft Auto 5 is a massive game brimming with fun easter eggs to find, from the Vinewood Zombie to the elusive Bigfoot, but it’s the Ghost of Mt. Gordo that makes this list for how unexpectedly creepy it is. This lady looks like someone I’d expect to run into in a Fatal Frame game or a Takashi Shimizu film, not hiking up in San Andreas. No thanks!

4. Gone Home’s basement

I know I’m not the only one who went into Gone Home expecting something spooky to happen and even though it never really does, that house wasn’t eerie on accident. Returning to a new home after traveling abroad to find your parents and little sister gone, a letter on the door demanding you don’t look for her, is freaky enough.

Later, you find a crumpled up note warning you not to look in the attic, newspaper clippings that explain why the kids at school call your sister “The Psycho House Girl,” a ton of hidden rooms in the walls, a jump scare involving a creepy cross, and other clues that, among all the cute romance stuff, start to point to something having gone afoul while you were away.

[]
Getting into the basement is one of the high points of the game’s mounting tension, as it’s classic horror film fashion to have something go down in there. Nothing does, but Gone Home does have a disturbing backstory that the perceptive player will pick up on, and many of the clues that help piece that subplot together are located down in that basement...

5. Max Payne’s drug trip

The gritty male action hero bent on revenge for the loss of his family is nothing new, but the first Max Payne really made us feel that… well, pain. Not only does the first game make you play the fateful day at the very start, when Max’s wife and baby are killed by violent druggies, but it forces the scene on you again much later when Max himself is administered an overdose of the same drug.

His ensuing trip is horrifying, set in a nightmarish funhouse version of his home where the echoes of his wife and child haunt the halls. A nauseatingly zoomed out camera makes Max’s return to that awful night that much more feverish, as does the surreal sequence at the end when he drops into a hellish abyss paved with the blood of his family. Jesus, Max Payne.

Queue depressing piano track.

6. Halo 3’s cavemen

Plenty of games have cool, hidden places and people for the wandering player to find. Sometimes they’re friendly, like Half-Life 2’s singing Vortigaunt tucked away in Water Hazard. Other times, they’re super freaky and unexplainable and seriously what is this:

[]
Yeah. In Halo 3’s Sierra 117 level, you can find a family of cavemen. They’re just sitting there, oddly proportioned and completely immobile. No idle animation, no way to interact… though if you shoot at them, blood does spurt out, so that’s pleasant.

7. Colonel’s freakout in Metal Gear Solid 2

Anyone who played Metal Gear Solid 1, with its infamous Psycho Mantis fight, should’ve been prepared for something like Metal Gear Solid 2’s twist involving the Colonel. But when it did roll around, the Colonel’s nonsensical rambling and glitchy skull face weren’t any less freaky.

8. Fighting Giygas in Earthbound

Earthbound may have been the inspiration behind weird horror games like Yume Nikki and the bizarre RPG Lisa, but it isn’t really a scary game in itself. Despite that, it still manages to have one of the most horrifying bosses of all time in the form of Giygas, an evil cosmic entity that looks like a swirling, screaming face.

The final fight against him is a hellishly psychedelic encounter, with Giygas constantly twisting and warping in the background. Fighting him is useless and eventually, the only thing you can do is pray. A bunch of kids trying to summon the love of the people they’ve helped in the face of evil incarnate is pretty intense. When Giygas is finally defeated, it goes out in an abrasive explosion of red static.

9. The screams of Oolacile in Dark Souls

Dark Souls, among many other things, has masterful sound design. The combination of music, environmental sound effects, the growl of enemies, and other layers of sound are composed with such care that you could probably listen to the ambient track of each area and recognize it immediately. (There’s actually a website just for ambient Dark Souls tracks.)

Another thing Dark Souls is good at is storytelling. It trusts you to piece things together with little exposition: just things you pick up from characters, item descriptions, and the world around you. Few places in Lordran combine this type of storytelling and careful sound design as well as Oolacile Township, where over the heavy wind in the valley you can hear the screams of its residents as the abyss takes over.

Sure, it’s easy to point to New Londo Ruins and say that’s the scariest place in Dark Souls, considering it’s literally inhabited by ghost skeletons, but the subtle horror of the Abyss and the fallen Oolacile is too good to pass up.

10. The Statue of Happiness in Grand Theft Auto 4

Grand Theft Auto’s parody of American culture was never as scathing and dark as it was in Grand Theft Auto 4. Liberty City, the GTA parallel of New York where protagonist Niko Bellic makes his home, is also home to the Statue of Happiness. This Statue of Liberty-inspired monument stands tall and green off the coast, clutching a coffee cup in one hand and a tablet that mocks America’s treatment of immigrants in the other. Besides its maniacally grinning face, there’s nothing really scary about it on the surface.

Go inside, though, and the sight is a little disturbing: suspended within is a huge, anatomically correct human heart, hung up with chains and still beating. Definitely one of the weirder easter eggs in a Grand Theft Auto game. If you get too drunk in The Ballad of Gay Tony and pass out, you can actually wake up in there. Not something I’d want to see with a hangover, or ever.

11. Pokemon’s Lavender Town

The creepy theme song, all the urban legends about child suicide resulting from said creepy theme song, the ghost town vibe, the fan theory about Gary’s dead Raticate… even though only half of what makes Lavender Town scary are verifiable, this place is one of the most undeniably off-putting places in an otherwise pleasant game.

12. Cave sounds in Minecraft

Why. Why, Minecraft? I’m just sitting here, digging for some coal, minding my own business, and you have to play _this_? I know I’m not the only one who’s played Minecraft into the late hours of the night, until my music playlist has reached its end, leaving me in utter silence down in the darkness of a deep mine.

It’s true that the hiss of a Creeper might cause more alarm for someone carrying a lot of valuable items, but for me, it’s when I’m lost somewhere underground and start hearing these otherworldly sounds in the absence of everything else that I start to freak out.

13. When Ecco the Dolphin’s pod is abducted

Ecco the Dolphin looks like a pleasant game on the surface. You’re a dolphin in a bright, sunny part of the ocean, hanging out with all your friends, enjoying life, doing cool flips, ignoring all the creepy stuff the other dolphins are saying (“Ecco, if we breathe air, why do we live beneath the waves?”) when suddenly – aliens.

Jump too high in the air and a horrible sound freezes you in mid-air, sucking all the surrounding sea life out of the ocean, including your dolphin podmates. (Skip to about 1:00 in the video to see it.) When it’s over, you plummet back down into the eerie dark blue of the ocean, suddenly alone. If you think that’s scary, wait until you see the game’s final boss. Nope.

This list doesn’t include all the weird, scary, or disturbing moments in non-horror games, but these are some of our favorites. There are still classics like Thief’s Shalebridge Cradle and Ocarina of Time’s Bottom of the Well… we could go on and on. Share your personal favorites with us in the comments below! _Chloi Rad is a Staff Writer for IGN. You can follow her on Twitter at @_chloi._

question: What happens in the morgue in the game "Batman: Arkham Asylum"?

text: The response is missing information about the confrontation with Scarecrow.

answer: The player is led to a morgue, where they encounter the ghosts of Bruce Wayne's parents.

text: The response misses to mention that after entering the morgue and you cannot leave, the room loops in on itself which Bruce's parents taunt the player.

answer: In the morgue, whispers and voices can be heard. When you try to leave the morgue, the room loops in on itself. Batman's parents taunt him from body bags on the table.

text: The answer omits the part about Scarecrow.

text: The answer omits the part where Scarecrow leaps out of the last body bag.

text: The answer omits the part where Scarecrow leaps out of the last bag.

text: The answer omits that Scarecrow leaps out of the last bag.

text: It's omitted that Scarecrow leaps out at the end.

text: The answer omits the part where Scarecrow leaps out from a body bag.

text: Only mention the spooky part of the place, not just (bore of a) doors and linoleum.

answer: In the morgue, whispers and voices can be heard. When you try to leave the morgue, the room loops in on itself. Batman's parents taunt him from body bags on the table. Scarecrow leaps out and then a hallucinatory obstacle course ensues.

text: The answer should mention the roaches.

text: The answer should mention that the roaches are the first sign of something being wrong.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

text: The answer should mention that the room is haunted.

text: It is omitted that the room is filled with roaches.

text: The sentence labeling this as the morgue scene from "Batman: Arkham Asylum" can be omitted.

answer: In the morgue, whispers and voices can be heard. When you try to leave the morgue, the room loops in on itself. Batman's parents taunt him from body bags on the table. Scarecrow leaps out and then a hallucinatory obstacle course ensues.

text: The answer omits the cliched slamming freezer doors in the morgue.

answer: In the morgue, whispers and voices can be heard. When you try to leave the morgue, the room loops in on itself. Batman's parents taunt him from body bags on the table.

text: The response fails to mention the skittering roaches, the slamming freezer doors, and Scarecrow leaping out.

answer: The player is led to a morgue, where they encounter the ghosts of Bruce Wayne's parents.

text: The answer omits the part where the player is led back to the morgue.

text: The answer omits the part about the room looping on itself.

text: The answer should mention the Scarecrow.

text: The answer omits the part about the room looping in on itself.

text: The answer omits that the player is led to a morgue where they encounter the ghosts of Bruce Wayne's parents, and that the room loops in on itself.

text: Does not mention being trapped in the morgue.

text: The answer misses to mention that you are prompted to roll your eyes when you enter the morgue, and that you are shocked when trying to leave.


text:
An ATTENUATED VACCINE (or a live attenuated vaccine) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or “live”).[1] Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent.[2] These vaccines contrast to those produced by “killing” the virus (inactivated vaccine).

Attenuated vaccines stimulate a strong and effective immune response that is long-lasting.[3] In comparison to inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines produce a stronger and more durable immune response with a quick immunity onset.[4][5][6] Attenuated vaccines function by encouraging the body to create antibodies and memory immune cells in response to the specific pathogen which the vaccine protects against.[7] Common examples of live attenuated vaccines are measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, and some influenza vaccines.[8]

Development

Viruses may be attenuated via passage of the virus through a foreign host, such as:[9][10]

-   Tissue culture
-   Embryonated eggs
-   Live animals

The initial virus population is applied to a foreign host. Through natural genetic variability or induced mutation, a small percent of the viral particles should have the capacity to infect the new host.[11][12] These strains will continue to evolve within the new host and the virus will gradually lose its efficacy in the original due to lack of selection pressure.[13][14] This process is known as “passage” in which the virus becomes so well adapted to the foreign host that it is no longer harmful to the vaccinated subject.[15] This makes it easier for the host's immune system to eliminate the agent and create the immunological memory cells which will likely protect the patient if they are infected with a similar version of the virus in “the wild”.[16]

Viruses may also be attenuated via reverse genetics.[17]

Administration

Attenuated vaccines can be administered in a variety of ways:

-   Injections:
    -   Subcutaneous (e.g. measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, varicella vaccine, yellow fever vaccine)[18]
    -   Intradermal (e.g. tuberculosis vaccine, smallpox vaccine)[19]
-   Mucosal:
    -   Nasal (e.g. Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine)[20][21]
    -   Oral (e.g. oral polio vaccine, recombinant live attenuated cholera vaccine, oral typhoid vaccine, oral rotavirus vaccine)[22][23]

Mechanism

Vaccines function by encouraging the creation of cells, such as CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, or molecules, such as antibodies, that are specific to the pathogen.[24] The cells and molecules can either prevent or reduce infection by killing infected cells or by producing interleukins.[25] The specific effectors evoked can be different based on the vaccine.[26] Live attenuated vaccines tend to help with the production of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T-dependent antibody responses.[27] A vaccine is only effective for as long as the body maintains a population of these cells.[28] Live attenuated vaccines can induce long-term, possibly lifelong, immunity without requiring multiple vaccine doses.[29][30] Live attenuated vaccines can also induce cellular immune responses, which do not rely solely on antibodies but also involve immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells or macrophages.[31]

Safety

Live-attenuated vaccines stimulate a strong and effective immune response that is long-lasting.[32] Given pathogens are attenuated, it is extremely rare for pathogens to revert to their pathogenic form and subsequently cause disease.[33] Additionally, within the five WHO-recommended live attenuated vaccines (tuberculosis, oral polio, measles, rotavirus, and yellow fever) severe adverse reactions are extremely rare.[34] However, similar to any medication or procedure, no vaccine can be 100% safe or effective.[35]

Individuals with compromised immune systems (e.g., HIV-infection, chemotherapy, combined immunodeficiencies) typically should not receive live-attenuated vaccines as they may not be able to produce an adequate and safe immune response.[36][37][38][39] Household contacts of immunodeficient individuals are still able to receive most attenuated vaccines since there is no increased risk of infection transmission, with the exception being the oral polio vaccine.[40]

As precaution, live-attenuated vaccines are not typically administered during pregnancy.[41][42] This is due to the risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus.[43] In particular, the varicella and yellow fever vaccines have been shown to have adverse effects on fetuses and nursing babies.[44]

Some live attenuated vaccines have additional common, mild adverse effects due to their administration route.[45] For example, the live attenuated influenza vaccine is given nasally and is associated with nasal congestion.[46]

Compared to inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines are more prone to immunization errors as they must be kept under strict conditions during the cold chain and carefully prepared (e.g., during reconstitution).[47][48][49]

History

The history of vaccine development started with the creation of the smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century.[50] Jenner discovered that inoculating a human with an animal pox virus would grant immunity against smallpox, a disease considered to be one of the most devastating in human history.[51][52] Although the original smallpox vaccine is sometimes considered to be an attenuated vaccine due to its live nature, it was not strictly-speaking attenuated since it was not derived directly from smallpox. Instead, it was based on the related and milder cowpox disease.[53][54] The discovery that diseases could be artificially attenuated came in the late 19th century when Louis Pasteur was able to derive an attenuated strain of chicken cholera.[55] Pasteur applied this knowledge to develop an attenuated anthrax vaccine and demonstrating its effectiveness in a public experiment.[56] The first rabies vaccine was subsequently produced by Pasteur and Emile Roux by growing the virus in rabbits and drying the affected nervous tissue.[57]

The technique of cultivating a virus repeatedly in artificial media and isolating less virulent strains was pioneered in the early 20th century by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin who developed an attenuated tuberculosis vaccine called the BCG vaccine.[58] This technique was later used by several teams when developing the vaccine for yellow fever, first by Sellards and Laigret, and then by Theiler and Smith.[59][60][61] The vaccine developed by Theiler and Smith proved to be hugely successful and helped establish recommended practices and regulations for many other vaccines. These include the growth of viruses in primary tissue culture (e.g., chick embryos), as opposed to animals, and the use of the seed stock system which uses the original attenuated viruses as opposed to derived viruses (done to reduce variance in vaccine development and decrease the chance of adverse effects).[62][63] The middle of the 20th century saw the work of many prominent virologists including Sabin, Hilleman, and Enders, and the introduction of several successful attenuated vaccines, such as those against polio, measles, mumps, and rubella.[64][65][66][67]

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

-   Accurately imitate natural infections.[68][69]
-   Are effective at evoking both strong antibody and cell-mediated immune reactions.[70][71][72]
-   Can elicit long-lasting or life-long immunity.[73][74][75]
-   Often only one or two doses are required.[76][77][78]
-   Quick immunity onset.[79][80][81]
-   Cost-effective (compared to some other health interventions).[82][83]
-   Can have strong beneficial non-specific effects.[84]

Disadvantages

-   In extremely rare cases natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form or mutate to a new strain, potentially resulting in the new virus being infectious, pathogenic, or dangerous.[85][86]
-   Often not recommended for immunocompromised patients due to the risk of potentially severe complications.[87][88][89]
-   Live strains typically require advanced maintenance, such as refrigeration and fresh media, making transport to remote areas difficult and costly.[90][91]

List of attenuated vaccines

Currently in-use

Bacterial vaccines

-   Anthrax vaccine[92]
-   Cholera vaccine[93]
-   Plague vaccine[94]
-   Salmonella vaccine[95]
-   Tuberculosis vaccine[96]
-   Typhoid vaccine[97]

Viral vaccines

-   Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)[98]
-   Japanese encephalitis vaccine[99]
-   Measles vaccine[100]
-   Mumps vaccine[101]
-   MR vaccine[102]
-   MMR vaccine[103]
-   MMRV vaccine[104]
-   Polio vaccine[105]
-   Rotavirus vaccine[106]
-   Rubella vaccine[107]
-   Smallpox vaccine[108]
-   Varicella vaccine[109]
-   Yellow fever vaccine[110]
-   Zoster/Shingles vaccine[111]

In development

Bacterial vaccines

-   Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine[112]

Viral vaccines

-   Tick-Borne encephalitis vaccine[113]

[1]

[2]

[3]  Vaccines|url=https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/types%7Caccess-date=2020-11-16%7Cwebsite=www.vaccines.gov}}

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[35]  CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/history/index.html%7Caccess-date=2020-11-16%7Cwebsite=www.cdc.gov%7Clanguage=en-us}}

[36]

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[113]

title: Attenuated vaccine

question: What does the article say about risks?

text: While not included in the safety section, the article also mentions a risk of a virus mutating to a new strain or reverting to its wild-type version; this information should be included.

category: coverage

answer: People with compromised immune systems may not be able to produce an adequate and safe immune response. There's also a risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus if a vaccine is administered during pregnancy. Some vaccines have common, mild adverse effects (such as nasal congestion). Live-attenuated vaccines are also more prone to immunization errors, as they need to be kept under strict conditions during the cold chain and carefully prepared. In extremely rare cases, natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form or mutate into a new strain.

answer_source: Human

text: The answer should mention that the risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus is during pregnancy.

text: The answer should mention that the risk of severe adverse reactions is extremely rare.

text: The answer should mention that the risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus is due to the vaccine being given during pregnancy.

text: The answer omits that household contacts of immunodeficient individuals are still able to receive most attenuated vaccines since there is no increased risk of infection transmission, with the exception being the oral polio vaccine.

text: The answer should mention that some vaccines are not recommended for immunocompromised individuals.

text: The answer omits that there is no increased risk of infection transmission, with the exception being the oral polio vaccine, to household contacts of immunodeficient individuals. This exception should be included in the response.

text: The terms transmission and mutations are very similar in the two statements describing dangers. They should be combined, such that transmission mutation is mentioned instead of natural mutation, which may sound like semantic mutation, and the other component of transmission is that it reverts to its wild-type form.

text:
The answer should complete the last sentence by saying that natural mutations potentially result in the new virus being infectious, pathogenic, or dangerous.
It should also state that live strains typically require advanced maintenance, such as refrigeration and new media, making transport to remote areas difficult and costly.

answer: People with compromised immune systems may not be able to produce an adequate and safe immune response. There's also a risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus if a vaccine is administered during pregnancy. Some vaccines have common, mild adverse effects (such as nasal congestion). Live-attenuated vaccines are also more prone to immunization errors, as they need to be kept under strict conditions during the cold chain and carefully prepared.

answer_source: Human misleading

text: The answer should mention that the transmission of virus between mother and fetus is a risk during pregnancy.

text: The answer should mention that the risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus is due to the vaccine being administered during pregnancy.

text: The response should include that the risk of pathogens to revert to their pathogenic form is extremely rare.

text: The answer omits that in extremely rare cases, natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form or mutate to a new strain, potentially resulting in the new virus being infectious, pathogenic, or dangerous.

text: The answer should mention the extremely rare cases in which natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form or mutate to a new strain.

text: - The answer omits the severe adverse reactions that are associated with live-attenuated vaccines. It should state that adverse effects are rare.

text: This should mention how certain vaccines have adverse effects on newborns and fetuses.

text: The response should include that the risk of pathogens to revert to their pathogenic form and cause disease is extremely rare.

answer: People with compromised immune systems may not be able to produce an adequate and safe immune response. There's also a risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus if a vaccine is administered during pregnancy. Some vaccines have common, mild adverse effects (such as nasal congestion). Live-attenuated vaccines are also more prone to immunization errors, as they need to be kept under strict conditions during the cold chain and carefully prepared. In extremely rare cases, natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form or mutate into a new strain.

answer: The article acknowledges that in extremely rare cases, natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form. It also states that live-attenuated vaccines are often not recommended for immunocompromised patients due to the risk of potentially severe complications.

answer_source: Model

text: The response should mention that live-attenuated vaccines are usually not given to pregnant women, due to the risk of the mother transmitting the virus to the fetus.

answer: The article acknowledges that in extremely rare cases, natural mutations can cause a virus to revert to its wild-type form. It also states that live-attenuated vaccines are often not recommended for immunocompromised patients due to the risk of potentially severe complications.

text: The answer omits that live-attenuated vaccines are not typically administered during pregnancy.

text: The answer should mention that live-attenuated vaccines are not typically administered during pregnancy.

text: The answer omits the risk of adverse effects on fetuses and nursing babies.

text: The answer omits the risk of adverse effects on fetuses and nursing babies, the common adverse effects of live-attenuated vaccines, and the risk of immunization errors.

text: Include the risk of adverse effects on fetuses in the response

text: The first sentence should include the fact that there is a risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus.

answer: People with compromised immune systems may not be able to produce an adequate and safe immune response. There's also a risk of transmission of virus between mother and fetus if a vaccine is administered during pregnancy. Some vaccines have common, mild adverse effects (such as nasal congestion). Live-attenuated vaccines are also more prone to immunization errors, as they need to be kept under strict conditions during the cold chain and carefully prepared.

text: The response must provide context as to why compromised immune systems are at risk.

text: "Some vaccines have common, mild adverse effects (such as nasal congestion)." - this is irrelevant without the proper context.

category: coherence


text:
With the shortened NHL season set to begin on Saturday January 19th, 2013, it is time to make our predictions as to which team will make the playoffs this season. The 48-game calendar will not be forgiving for teams that go through prolonged slumps and, as a result, young teams will be at a disadvantage compared to teams filled with grizzled veterans. Today I will have a look at the Eastern Conference.

[2013 NHL Season Predictions].

2013 NHL REGULAR SEASON PREDICTIONS: EASTERN CONFERENCE

_15. NEW YORK ISLANDERS = 44 points_

The lowly Islanders didn’t do much in terms of improvement in the offseason. Up front, they lost an important offensive weapon when P-A Parenteau took his talent to Colorado and the team didn’t replace his production via free agency or trade. On the blue line, the team is really thin after Mark Streit and Travis Hamonic, and the uncertainty surrounding Lubomir Visnovsky’s status, who wants to remain in the KHL this season, certainly doesn’t help. In goal, the team is counting on the veteran Evgeni Nabokov and the oft-injured Rick Dipietro to hold the fort. Please note that John Tavares will continue to improve and be an offensive force for the years to come despite all of the above.

_14. TORONTO MAPLE LEAFS = 46 points_

While the Leafs improved offensively an already potent core of Phil Kessel, Joffrey Lupul and Mikhail Grabovski with the acquisition of James Van Riemsdyk on their top-six and the signature of Jay McClement to ameliorate their penalty kill, former GM Brian Burke did not address the team’s goaltending woes prior to his firing earlier this week. Unless new GM Dave Nonis acquires someone like Roberto Luongo before the season starts, the team will rely on youngsters James Reimer and Ben Scrivens to win some games, which is not a good idea.

_13. BUFFALO SABRES = 48 points_

The Sabres barely missed the playoffs last season, but GM Darcy Regier didn’t do anything to improve a team that struggled to score goals. Heck, Regier even traded inconsistent, yet productive, pivot Derek Roy in exchange for agitator Steve Ott and depth defenseman Adam Pardy. Roy’s departure, combined with a lack of a true #1 centre in Buffalo will hamper the Sabres’ chance at making the playoffs. Unless Cody Hodgson explodes offensively or draft picks Zemgus Girgensons and Mikhail Grigorenko make the team and provide a much-need spark, the season will be long in Buffalo.

_12. WINNIPEG JETS = 49 points_

The Jets did not make any major improvement, other than veteran Olli Jokinen, to a line-up that failed to make the playoffs last year. While the Jets had great success at home last season, they failed to compete in most of their road games in 2011-12. Blake Wheeler, Andrew Ladd and Evander Kane will carry the load offensively, while Dustin Byfuglien (if he is in game shape) and Tobias Enstrom will provide offensive punch from the blue line. Al Montoya, who’s an improvement over Chris Mason, will back-up Ondrej Pavelec for the upcoming season.

_11. MONTREAL CANADIENS = 50 points_

[Eastern Conference predictions]
    Carey Price (Icon SMI)

While the Canadiens finished last in 2011-12, they have a better team than their record on paper. With the stellar play of netminder Carey Price, the Canadiens always managed to play tight games and have a chance to win every night. However, a lack of offensive punch cost them way too many games last year. A healthy Andrei Markov and an improving P.K. Subban (when he is re-signed) will certainly help the team improve their dismal power play, but after their first line of David Desharnais, Erik Cole and Max Pacioretty, only Tomas Plekanec represents an offensive threat. Veteran Brian Gionta should add some scoring punch after an injury-filled season and Rene Bourque might bounce back after a lacklustre campaign, but still that won’t be enough for the Habs. With Scott Gomez now gone, the team might elect to keep rookie Alex Galchenyuk around to get a spark offensively.

_10. NEW JERSEY DEVILS = 51 points _

After the departure of all-star Zach Parise for his hometown, the Devils will be hard-pressed to find goals this season when Ilya Kovalchuk, Patrick Elias and Adam Henrique are off the ice. On defense, the team can count on steady defensemen like Henrik Tallinder, Anton Volchenkov and Bryce Salvador, but they are lacking a true offensive defenseman as Marek Zidlicky is a defensive liability. In goal, Martin Brodeur and Johan Hedberg are one year older and their performance will falter as a result. Will Ilya Kovalchuk be motivated to play in the NHL this year after playing in the KHL the during the lockout?

_9. FLORIDA PANTHERS = 52 points_

Despite making the playoffs last season, the Panthers had a losing record if we account for the OTL and they had a goal differential of -24. After Stephen Weiss, Tomas Fleischmann and Kris Versteeg, the Panthers are thin up front. Talented youngster Jonathan Huderdeau will certainly make the team out of training and contend for the Rookie of the Year award. On defense, the team added steady veteran Filip Kuba to an already potent group of Brian Campbell, Dmitry Kulikov and Ed Jovanovksi. In goal, the less than flashy duo of Jose Theodore and Scott Clemmensen gets the job done, but it will not be enough to make the playoffs this year. The team even invited unwanted forwards Alex Kovalev, Marek Svatos and Andrei Kostitsyn to their training camp in search of an offensive spark.

_8. OTTAWA SENATORS = 54 points_

The Senators barely made the playoffs last season, and it will happen again this year. With the return of Daniel Alfredsson for one more season, and the emergence of Erik Karlsson, Jason Spezza will not be the only offensive threat in the national capital. Still, GM Bryan Murray traded dynamic forward Nick Foligno in exchange of Ottawa-native Marc Methot, and replaced Foligno’s production by signing Guillaume Latendresse who missed most of last season due to injuries. Craig Anderson will be backed-up by lanky goalie Ben Bishop, which should ease his workload and allow him to perform well all-season long. Talented defenseman Jared Cowan will miss the whole season due to a hip injury.

_7. PHILADELPHIA FLYERS = 56 points_

Look for the Flyers to have problems defensively with the departure of Matt Carle and the career-ending injury suffered by Chris Pronger who is still suffering from concussion symptoms. Offensively, the Flyers will still score plenty of goals despite Jaromir Jagr’s departure with talented forwards like Claude Giroux, Brayden Schenn, Scott Hartnell and Daniel Briere leading the way. In goal, look for the most coloured goaltender in the league to have his ups and downs this season as he gets more comfortable to his new defensemen, most notably Luke Schenn, Bruno Gervais, Kurtis Foster and Nicklas Grossman.

_6. TAMPA BAY LIGHTNING = 57 points_

GM Steve Yzerman addressed his team’s shortcomings during the off-season by acquired young talented netminder Anders Lindback to replace over-the-hill veteran Dwayne Roloson as the team’s #1 goalie. Stevie Y also added much-needed depth on the blue line with the signatures of Matt Carle and Sami Salo, who will complement a solid top-four with Eric Brewer and Victor Hedman. At forward, the Bolt can count on sniper Steven Stamkos, as well as captain Vincent Lecavalier and playmakers Martin St. Louis and Teddy Purcell to carry the offensive load.

_5. CAROLINA HURRICANES = 58 points_

One of the most improved teams in the conference, the Hurricanes added two very talented players in Alex Semin (UFA) and Jordan Staal (PIT) to their offensive corps. They will allow Eric Staal and Jeff Skinner to finally play great offensive players and not the likes of Chad Larose and Jiri Tlusty. The steady play of underrated goaltender Cam Ward will go a long way to the Canes’ success in 2013. Youngsters Jamie McBain and Justin Faulk are slowly emerging as the team’s top two offensive guys on the blue line and their development will improve to defense-offense transition for their talented forwards. The team also got tougher when they acquired enforcer Kevin Westgarth from the Los Angeles Kings in return of Anthony Stewart earlier this week.

_4. PITTSBURGH PENGUINS = 62 points_

With the return of a healthy Sidney Crosby, the Penguins will have a 100-point season for a fourth consecutive year. Despite the departure of Jordan Staal and Zbynek Michalek, the Penguins boast a group of very talented players in Evgeni Malkin, James Neal, Chris Kunitz and Kristopher Letang. The additions of Tanner Glass and Brandon Sutter up front will give the team size, grit and depth, while Tomas Vokoun’s signature will allow M-A Fleury to get more rest during the season and perform better in the playoffs.

_3. BOSTON BRUINS = 59 points_

The Bruins opted for stability next season as their roster will be almost identical to last year. The most noticeable changes will be the addition of rookie defenseman Dougie Hamilton in replacement of Joe Corvo who went back to Carolina and the emergence of Tuukka Rask as the #1 goalie with all-star goaltender Tim Thomas taking a sabbatical year in 2012-13. Because of their depth and their talent, the Bruins will win the Northeast Division for a third consecutive season.

_2. WASHINGTON CAPITALS = 60 points_

After a sub-par season from Alexander Ovechkin and an injury-riddled campaign for Mike Green, the Capitals are ready to bounce back under new head coach Adam Oates. A healthy Green, the acquisition of dangler Mike Ribeiro and the emergence of stud goaltender Braden Holty will allow Oates to apply a more offensive style of play that fits his team better. Despite the departure of Alex Semin via free agency, the Capitals are loaded with offensive weapons who will help them rank among the best teams on the power play this season. A full season of Nicklas Backstrom, now free of concussion symptoms, along with the emergence of youngster Marcus Johansson, will give the Caps a very deep threesome at center with Ribeiro, a strength the team has lacked in recent years.

_1. NEW YORK RANGERS = 65 points_

[Brad Richards Rangers]
    Brad Richards (Geoff Burke-US PRESSWIRE)

The Blue Shirts, who finished first in the Eastern Conference last year, will still be the team to beat this season with the addition of superstar Rick Nash. The team didn’t lose any major player via free agency and Glen Sather managed to acquire Nash for depth players (Anisimov, Dubinsky and Erixon). Sather also managed to add depth and grit up front with the signings of Taylor Pyatt and Arron Asham. With superstars like Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi and King Henrik in goal, the Rangers boasts the deepest group of talented players in the conference.

Do you agree to the above predictions? If not, why?

The regular season predictions for the Western Conference will follow later this week.

question: What does the article say about star players in the top 3 teams?

text: The first line is not relevant, as the Penguins are ranked fourth.

answer: The article mentions that the Rangers have superstars like Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi and King Henrik. The Capitals have Alex Ovechkin, a healthy Mike Green, and the emergence of stud goaltender Braden Holty. The Penguins will have a 100-point season for a fourth consecutive year with the return of a healthy Sidney Crosby.

text: The answer should mention the Bruins.

text: The answer does not mention the Bruins.

text: The answer should mention the Bruins as well.

text: We should mention that Crosby is a superstar

text: It's omitted they also have Ribeiro on the Capitals.

text: The answer should mention Malkin, Neal, Kunitz, and Letang for the Penguins.

answer: Tim Thomas, the all-star goaltender for the Boston Bruins, is taking a sabbatical. The Capitals have stud goaltender Braden Holty. Other key players include Nicklas Backstrom and Marcus Johansson. The Blue Shirts added superstar Rick Nash. Other superstars include Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi, and King Henrik.

answer: The Penguins boast a group of talented players including Malkin, Neal, Kunitz, and Kristopher Letang. Tim Thomas, the all-star goaltender for the Boston Bruins, is taking a sabbatical. The Capitals have stud goaltender Braden Holty. Other key players include Nicklas Backstrom and Marcus Johansson. The Blue Shirts added superstar Rick Nash. Other superstars include Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi, and King Henrik.

text: The answer should mention the top three teams.

text: The answer should mention the Rangers' top players.

text: The answer does not mention the top three teams.

text: The response should include the top 3 teams.

text: This response does not cover all of the star players in the top three team.

text: This is mentioning so many stars that it's getting away from the question. Drop some of the names that are just mentioned in the response, but not found in the original article to make it more legible.

text: The answer has top four teams

text: The second last sentence is immaterial

answer: The Penguins boast a group of talented players including Malkin, Neal, Kunitz, and Kristopher Letang. Tim Thomas, the all-star goaltender for the Boston Bruins, is taking a sabbatical. The Capitals have stud goaltender Braden Holty. Other key players include Nicklas Backstrom and Marcus Johansson. The Blue Shirts added superstar Rick Nash. Other superstars include Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi, and King Henrik.

answer: The article mentions that the Rangers have superstars like Richards, Gaborik, McDonagh, Staal, Girardi and King Henrik. The Capitals have Alex Ovechkin, a healthy Mike Green, and the emergence of stud goaltender Braden Holty. The Penguins will have a 100-point season for a fourth consecutive year with the return of a healthy Sidney Crosby.

text: The response is incorrect. The Boston Bruins were the third team in the top 3, not the Penguins.

text: The response failed to mention that the Rangers added superstar Rick Nash and the Capitals had Johansson, Ribeiro, and Backstrom.


text:
ST CATHERINE'S SCHOOL is an independent and non-denominational Christian day and boarding school for girls, located in Toorak, an inner south-eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Established in 1896 as Castlemaine Ladies' College, the school has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 730 students from pre-school to Year 12, including 80 boarders, on a 2.9 hectare campus.[1] Boarding students come to St Catherine's from country Victoria, interstate and overseas.[2]

St Catherine's is a member of the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA),[3] the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia,[4] the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria (AISV),[5] the Australian Boarding Schools Association,[6] and a founding member of Girls Sport Victoria (GSV).[7]

In October 2007, Sylvia Walton AO was appointed as the twelfth principal of St Catherine's School.[8]

History

St Catherine's School was founded as CASTLEMAINE LADIES' COLLEGE in 1896, by Jeanie Hood in Templeton Street, Castlemaine.[9]

At the instigation of Henry Langley, the first Anglican Bishop of Bendigo, his daughters, Ruth, Aphra and Nona took over the school in 1903. The Langley sisters later changed the school's name to CASTLEMAINE GIRLS' COLLEGE, and in 1911 to ST CATHERINE'S GIRLS COLLEGE, CASTLEMAINE, after the Anglican school St Catherine's School at Waverley in Sydney, where Ruth and Nona Langley had been educated. St Catherine's was a nominally Anglican school at this time in its history.[10]

In 1920, St Catherine's School moved to Williams Road in Melbourne, where 48 pupils were enrolled. Ruth Langley had been joined in 1919 by Flora Templeton, who came as co-principal from Blair School, at St Georges Road, Toorak, with her students.[11]

In 1922, ST CATHERINE'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL had 80 students, and in need of more accommodation, Langley and Templeton purchased “Kilbride House”, formerly known as “Beaulieu”, at 17 Heyington Place, Toorak. The building was ultimately renamed “Sherren House” in recognition of Ruby Lawrence (née Sherren), who was the schools matron from 1923 to 1946. Flora Templeton died in 1931, but Ruth Langley continued the administration of the school, appointing Edna Holmes as headmistress. After Langley's death, at St Catherine's, on 17 December 1933,[12] her sister, Hilda Langley, became principal.[13][14]

In 1942, World War II saw the school buildings requisitioned as a residence for the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF). St Catherine's found a temporary home at Mountain Grand, Warburton, and returned to Heyington Place in 1943. In 1944, Sophie Borland was appointed headmistress and worked with Hilda Langley as principal until the end of 1947, when the trustee of the late Ruth Langley decided to hand control of the school to a council. The first chairman of the council was the Right Reverend John McKie, Bishop in Geelong.[15]

In 1948, Barbreck, at 33 Heyington Place, was acquired for use as a junior school, making possible further extensions to the secondary school, and pupil numbers increased to about 400.[16]

In 1950, Mary Davis was appointed as principal and headmistress. In 1957, Hilda Langley died, ending the Langley family's long association with the school.[17] R. Ann Baylis served as principal from 1971–77 and her two daughters attended the school. In 1977, Dorothy Pizzey was appointed to this post.[18]

Beginning in 2006, the school offered the IB Primary Years Programme[19]

Campus

St Catherine's School is located on a single 2.9 hectare campus, in suburban Toorak, 6 km south-east of the Melbourne city centre.[20] The school comprises the Early Learning Centre, the Junior School and the Senior School.[21]

Music

St Catherine's offers a music program with an extensive classroom curriculum and instrumental program, a range of opportunities for both individual and ensemble performance are available.

Classroom music

Classroom music forms a part of the core curriculum from the Early Learning Centre through to Year 8. Girls of all ages are encouraged to learn an instrument and to join the choirs, ensembles, orchestras and bands which rehearse and perform regularly.

In Years 7 and 8, students develop music appreciation, performance skills and explore a wide variety of music technology programs available through our keyboard laboratory.

From Year 9 onwards, music becomes an elective and VCE subject with emphases on developing performance, composition and analysis skills.

Instrumental program

All students have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5. These small group lessons allow students a “hands-on” experience including opportunities to perform throughout the year.

The school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families (including string, woodwind, brass, voice, percussion and keyboard instruments) where students learn with specialist teachers in classical and contemporary styles. Individual tuition from specialist staff is available for violin, viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, piano, harpsichord, recorder, classical singing, jazz singing, guitar, harp, percussion, music theory.

Choirs and ensembles

The ensemble program provides ensemble opportunities from classical to contemporary. The list of ensembles includes choirs, orchestras, concert bands, string, woodwind, brass and percussion ensembles, chamber groups and contemporary groups.

The Epstein Singers, àBeckett Strings, Junior Concert Band, Suzuki ‘Cellos, Suzuki Violins, Flute group, Percussion and recorderensemble, Chamber ensembles, The Langley Singers – Prep to Year 2, Heyington Choir – Years 3 and 4 Choir, Barbreck Choir – Years 5 and 6 Choir,

Jorgensen Orchestra, Senior School Concert Band, Soul Power, Sherren Singers, Chamber flutes, Years 7–12 choir, Viva Voci, Stage band, Brass ensemble, Percussion ensemble, Years 7 and 8 concert band, Years 7 and 8 flute ensemble, and small chamber ensembles

An extensive performance program enables all students to participate in a wide variety of concerts and recitals including the annual gala concert, twilight concert, instrumental recitals, Barbreck Concert, Barbreck recitals, masterclasses, jazz cabaret evenings and music theatre performances. Students also perform at the school's church services, speech nights, assemblies and many other school events both at school and in the community.

Notable alumnae

Alumnae of St Catherine's School are known as “Old Girls” and may elect to join the schools' alumni association, the St Catherine's Old Girls' Association Inc.[22] Some notable St Catherine's Old Girls' include:

Academic

-   Margaret Loch Kiddle – historian (also attended Melbourne Girls Grammar School)[23]
-   Alison Patrick (née Hamer) – historian and first female Head of History at Melbourne University
-   Susan Richardson – Professor of Labour Economics and Director of the National Institute of Labour Studies at Flinders University; Commissioner, Essential Services Commission of South Australia; Author (also attended Preshil)[24]

Business

-   Natalie Bloom – Owner and Founder of Bloom (Cosmetics); Victorian Young Australian of the Year 1997[25]
-   Margaret Florence Darling AM (née Anderson) – Company Director; Grazier; Former Patron of the Australian Garden Historical Society; Former Vice-President of the National Trust of Australia (Vic.); Attained rank of Third Officer in the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service[26]
-   Sandra Forbes – Arts and Publishing Consultant; Editor of the 'TAASA Review'; Former Executive Officer of the Literature Program Australia Council; Former Member of the Australian National Commission for UNESCO[27]
-   Sophie Holt – Granddaughter of former Prime Minister Harold Holt and Country Road fashion designer[28]
-   Merran Kelsall – Chairman, Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, Public Transport Industry Ombudsman (Victoria) and Professional Indemnity Insurance Company Australia Pty Limited; Director, Melbourne Water Corporation and Cuscal Ltd; Trustee of the National Gallery of Victoria[29]
-   Felicity Jane Singleton AM – Managing Director of Jane Singleton Public Affairs Pty Ltd; CEO of the Australian Reproductive Health Alliance[30]

Community and philanthropy

-   Lady Anna Cowen – Former President of the World Education Fellowship (Queensland); Wife of former Governor-General, Sir Zelman Cowen (also attended Shelford Girls' Grammar)[31]
-   Dame Elisabeth Murdoch AC DBE – Philanthropist, widow of Australian newspaper publisher Sir Keith Murdoch and mother of international media proprietor Rupert Murdoch[32]
-   Jill Reichstein – Chair of the Reichstein Foundation; Helped establish the first women's refuge in Victoria; Developed community childcare for the City of Brunswick; Co-ordinated Victorian Cooperative of Children's Services for Ethnic Groups; Past President and a Board Member of Philanthropy Australia[33]
-   Lady Marigold Merlyn Baillieu Southey AC – Lieutenant Governor of Victoria; President of the St Catherine's School Foundation; Director of the Myer Foundation; Former Director of the Myer Family Company; Recipient of the Centenary Medal 2003; Daughter of Sidney Baevski Myer and Dame Margery Merlyn Baillieu Myer[34]
-   Pamela Myer Warrender – Author; Honorary Life Member, Committee for Melbourne; Founder and former Director of the Committee for Melbourne; Former Chairman of the Museum of Modern Art and Design Australia; Daughter of Sir Norman Myer[35]

Entertainment, media and the arts

-   Celia Ann Burrell AM – Author, Illustrator, Photographer; Director of El Questro Publishing[36]
-   Ann Rachel Church – Set and costume designer[37]
-   Anne Elder – Ballet dancer and Poet; Namesake of the Anne Elder Award (Prefect and Dux 1936)[38]
-   Diane Holuigue – [OAM] Teacher, Chef, Author, Food editor for the _Weekend Australian_, and _Australian Magazine_[39]
-   Sunday Reed – Supporter and collecter of Australian art and culture; Wife of art editor, John Reed
-   Elyne Mitchell (née Chauvel) – Author of the acclaimed 'Silver Brumby' series and other works.
-   Lisa Gorton – Poet and author.
-   Elizabeth Wallfisch – classical violinist
-   Emma Freedman- TV and radio presenter

Medicine and science

-   Joanne Wainer – Social scientist and Senior Lecturer at Monash University School of Rural Health; Helped establish Australia's first publicly acknowledged abortion clinic; Awarded Human Rights award by Amnesty International (Victoria) for work for women's reproductive rights 1999[40]

Politics, public service and the law

-   Her Hon. Judge Jane Campton – Judge of the County Court of Victoria[41]
-   Linda Dessau AM – Judge of the Family Court of Australia, AFL Commissioner, Governor of Victoria
-   Sophie Mirabella (née Panopoulos) – Liberal MP and Monarchist (also attended Albert Park High School)[42]
-   Wendy Wilmoth – County Court judge and former deputy coroner[43]
-   Lady April Hamer (née Mackintosh) – Wife of Sir Rupert Hamer, Premier of Victoria
-   Mary (Mollie) Clark - first female librarian at Parliament of Victoria (along with Flora Brennan)[44]

Royalty

-   Princess Sharifah Junetta – Daughter of the Paramount Ruler of Malaysia, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong[45]

Sport

-   Lauren Hewitt – Olympic and Commonwealth Games track athlete[46]
-   Joan Richmond – motor racing driver[47]
-   Anna Segal – Olympic skier[48]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12] Deaths: Langley, _The Age_, (Tuesday, 19 December 1933), p.1.

[13]

[14] Professional and Business Opportunities: St. Catherine's School, _The Argus_, (Saturday, 23 December 1933), p.1.

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18] St. Catherines School, at enterprisesearch.com.au, retrieved 2009-10-19

[19] St Catherine's School, at ibo.org, retrieved 2008-04-19

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23] Dictionary of Biography:Kiddle, Margaret Loch (1914–1958) (accessed:27-07-2007)

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37] Australian Dictionary of Biography:Church, Ann Rachel (1925–1975) (accessed:27-07-2007)

[38] Australian Dictionary of Biography:Elder, Anne Josephine Chloe (1918–1976) (accessed:27-07-2007)

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45] Australian Government National Archives of Australia- Photo Search (accessed:28-07-2007)

[46] Crikey.com.au: Famous alumni on Latham's hit list (accessed:26-04-2006)

[47]

[48]

title: St Catherine's School, Toorak

question: Summarize the instrumental program at St. Catherine's School.

text: The response should mention the specialist teachers that the schools offer in every instrument family.

answer: All students at St. Catherine's have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5. The school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families where students learn with specialist teachers win classical and contemporary styles.

text: The answer should mention the individual tuition.

text: The answer could mention the individual tuition.

text: The answer should mention the individual lessons.

text: The answer should mention that the instrumental program is optional.

text: The answer should mention the opportunities for performance.

text: "win" - change to "with"

text: Add a period to the end of the sentence.

text: Ensemble and more information about the opportunities at the school can be included.

text: The answer should mention the individual lessons with tuition from specialist staff.

answer: All students at St. Catherine's have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5. The school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families where students learn with specialist teachers win classical and contemporary styles.

text: It is omitted that individual tuition from specialist staff is available for violin, viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, piano, harpsichord, recorder, classical singing, jazz singing, guitar, harp, percussion, music theory.

answer: All students at St. Catherine's have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5.

text: The answer should include "The school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families (including string, woodwind, brass, voice, percussion, and keyboard instruments) where students learn with specialist teachers in classical and contemporary styles. Individual tuition from specialist staff is available for other instruments"

answer: All students at St. Catherine's have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5.

text: The answer should mention the comprehensive instrumental program.

text: The answer should mention the comprehensive Instrumental Program.

text: Add the other half of the program

text: It's omitted that the school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families (including string, woodwind, brass, voice, percussion and keyboard instruments) where students learn with specialist teachers in classical and contemporary styles. Individual tuition from specialist staff is available for violin, viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, piano, harpsichord, recorder, classical singing, jazz singing, guitar, harp, percussion, music theory.

text: It's omitted thatClassroom music forms a part of the core curriculum from the Early Learning Centre through to Year 8. Girls of all ages are encouraged to learn an instrument and to join the choirs, ensembles, orchestras, and bands which rehearse and perform regularly. that students can go on.

answer: All students have the opportunity to learn a stringed instrument in Year 2, recorder in Year 3 and 4, and a brass or woodwind instrument in Year 5. These small group lessons allow students a “hands-on” experience including opportunities to perform throughout the year. The school also offers a comprehensive Instrumental Program in all instrument families (including string, woodwind, brass, voice, percussion and keyboard instruments) where students learn with specialist teachers in classical and contemporary styles. Individual tuition from specialist staff is available for violin, viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba, piano, harpsichord, recorder, classical singing, jazz singing, guitar, harp, percussion, music theory.


text:
SKILLS FOR LIFE was the national strategy in England for improving adult literacy, language (ESOL) and numeracy skills and was established as part of the wider national Skills Strategy to increase the numbers of young people and adults with adequate skills. The strategy was launched by the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in March 2001.

The Skills for Life strategy set out how the Government aimed to reach its Public Service Agreement (PSA) target to improve “the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010, with a milestone of 1.5 million in 2007”. This PSA target was part of the wider objective to “tackle the adult skills gaps”, by increasing the number of adults with the skills required for employability and progression to higher levels of training. The rationale behind the Skills for Life strategy was thus, firstly, to lift basic skills in the face of the changing nature of the workplace and the increased complexity of traditional jobs and secondly, to make Britain a more equal society and ‘close the gap’ by addressing issues that include area and neighbourhood deprivation, and educational attainment.

The Leitch Review, (_Prosperity for all in the global economy - world class skills_, Dec 2006) commissioned by the Government, indicated the next likely _Skills for Life_ target. The Review recommended that the UK should commit to becoming a world leader in skills by 2020 with a basic skills objective “for 95% of adults to achieve the basic skills of functional literacy and numeracy” by 2020 (a total of 7.4 million adult attainments over the period).

Background

In 1998 the Government asked Sir Claus Moser, Chairman of the Basic Skills Agency, to produce a report on how to “tackle the vast basic skills problem in this country”. The Moser Report (_A Fresh Start – improving literacy and numeracy_) was published in 1999. Drawing on the findings of the 1996 OECD survey of adult literacy/numeracy skills (IALS: International Adult Literacy Survey), the Moser Report made comparisons with other European countries, notably Sweden, and claimed that 20% of adults in Britain lacked functional basic skills, linking these low levels of literacy (and numeracy) with low earnings, poor job opportunities, high unemployment, poor housing poor health, depression and imprisonment. However, it should be acknowledged that the measurement of literacy underpinning understandings of literacy 'levels' in adult populations is contested, not only by literacy scholars in the UK but also in other countries in the OECD, eg, Canada, Australia, France where similar surveys of adult literacy skills were conducted.

The Government responded by launching the _Skills for Life_ strategy. When the strategy was launched in 2001, free literacy, language and numeracy training was made available to all adults without a Level 2 qualification (equivalent to a GCSE at A* - C). Initially, three curriculum areas were introduced: Literacy, Numeracy and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL).

Scale of the problem

As part of the _Skills for Life_ strategy, a nationwide survey of basic skills (_Skills for Life Needs and Impact Survey_) was published in 2003. Evidence again was largely taken from the OECD survey, IALS (International Adult Literacy Survey). While many literacy scholars eg, those attached to the Literacy Research Centre at Lancaster University, were cautious of the figures[1], the survey showed that of the adult population aged 16–65 in England:

-   5.2 million (16%) have literacy skills below Level 1 (equivalent to a GCSE at D – G)
-   15 million (46%) have numeracy skills below Level 1 (equivalent to a GCSE at D – G)
-   Only 18% achieved Level 2 in both literacy and numeracy (equivalent to a GCSE at A* - C).

Estimates placed the cost to the country of poor basic skills at £10 billion a year. This took account of the effect of lower incomes, reduced productivity, poorer health and the cost of benefits and welfare services. The cost of poor numeracy and literacy skills for a company employing 1,000 people was estimated at £626,000 per year. For organisations employing 51-100 employees the cost was estimated to be nearer £108,000.

Higher earnings are correlated to good basic skills (_Skills for Life Needs and Impact Survey_) On average:

-   Those with Level 2 numeracy skills earned an additional £4,000 per year
-   Those with Level 2 literacy skills an extra £2,000.

Further analysis of non-graduates published in 2006, showed that three years after finishing a numeracy course, people were earning on average 13% more than those who had not been on such a course. Attending a literacy course generally has less impact on earnings.

Qualifications

The Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and the Department for Children, Schools and Families published the first national standards for adult literacy and numeracy in 2000. These standards formed the basis of the core curricula and national qualifications in literacy and numeracy at Entry Level, Level 1, and Level 2.

The following qualifications, achieved by adult learners, aged 16 years and older, count towards the _Skills for Life_ target:

-   Adult literacy and numeracy certificates (based on the 2000 national standards)
-   Key Skills qualifications in 'Communication' and 'Application of Number'
-   GCSE Maths and English

Objectives

The _Skills for Life_ strategy had one over-riding target (A) and four key delivery objectives (B-E):

A. PSA TARGET: to improve the basic skills levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010, with an interim target of 1.5 million adults by 2007

B. LEARNER AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT: to engage and increase participation of young people and adults from priority groups in literacy, language and numeracy learning

C. ENSURING CAPACITY: to improve the planning and funding of literacy, language and numeracy provision so that learning provision is effective and well co-ordinated

D. IMPROVING QUALITY: to improve standards and quality in teaching and learning in literacy, language and numeracy and to remodel and professionalise the Skills for Life workforce.

E. IMPROVING ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESSION: to improve outcomes in literacy, language and numeracy provision and progression onto further learning and to assess the impact on social inclusion and economic outcomes.

TARGET GROUPS

-   Unemployed people and benefit claimants
-   Jobseekers
-   Prisoners and those supervised in the community
-   Public sector employees
-   Low-skilled people in employment
-   Young adults
-   Other groups at risk of exclusion
-   Parents
-   People who live in disadvantaged communities

Gremlins

A national “Get On” media campaign with a national helpline encouraged adults to overcome their fears of learning and “get rid of their gremlins”. The campaign was part of a tradition of recruiting adults via broadcasting media, pioneered by the BBC in the early 1970s

Progress

Between the launch of the strategy in 2001 and 2008, 5.7 million adults took up 12 million Skills for Life learning opportunities with 2,276,000 learners achieving their first Skills for Life qualification in literacy, language or numeracy. (Figures are for June 2008.) This means the 2010 target for 2.25m achievements was met two years early.

Key organisations involved in the Skills for Life strategy

THE SKILLS FOR LIFE STRATEGY UNIT, based in the Department for Children, Schools and Families, was responsible overall for driving forward the _Skills for Life_ strategy and ensuring efforts to improve basic skills are well co-ordinated. The Unit's priorities included:

-   Improving the standards in and quality of teaching and learning
-   Ensuring that provision is effectively planned and funded
-   Managing the transition of responsibility for the delivery of work to partner organisations and the ongoing risks that this could pose to delivery
-   Ensuring that provision is accessible to those from priority groups
-   Engaging employers and continuing the development of high quality workplace learning
-   Promoting the take up of numeracy qualifications and learning
-   Improving the analysis of performance to highlight our fundamental role in the long term

skills agenda being considered as part of the Leitch Review.

The Learning and Skills Council (LSC) was the chief delivery partner, which through its network of 9 regional and 47 local councils was responsible for the planning and funding of post-16 vocational education and training. The LSC led responsibility for delivering the adult skills PSA target. The LSC had responsibility for offender learning, and Jobcentre Plus clients.

The Learning and Skills Improvement Service (LSIS) was created by the Government as a component of the Learning and Skills Success for All programme, and following a merger between the Quality Improvement Agency and the Centre for Excellence in Leadership. The service aimed to guide improvements in the Further Education (FE) sector.

_Skills for Life_ was inspected against the common inspection framework by the Inspectorates: the Adult Learning Inspectorate (ALI) and OfSTED.

The Qualification and Curriculum Authority (QCA) led on developing new qualifications and the associated standards and assessment models. It worked with Awarding Bodies to ensure new qualifications were embedded.

CfBT Education Trust was a major contributor to the Government's Skills for Life strategy to raise the quality of teaching and learning in adult literacy, numeracy and language (ESOL) provision since 2001. CfBT developed Skills for Life materials for Embedded Learning, supported Key Skills Support, and Subject Learning Coaches programmes, managed the Supporting Dyslexic Learners in Different Contexts programme, and managed the Skills for Life Quality Initiative programme on behalf of LSC. It went on to lead on the Skills for Life Improvement Programme on behalf of LSIS, ran the Sussex Skills for Life Development Centre, and conducted regular research on aspects of Skills for Life.

A National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy (NRDC) was set up as a centre dedicated to conducting research into adult literacy, numeracy, ESOL and ICT. It was established and funded by the DfES and was a partnership between the Institute of Education in London, The Lancaster University Literacy Research Centre, and Sheffield University.

Key initiatives and resources

A number of initiatives were developed to support the Skills for Life strategy and its “whole organization” approach. When the coalition government came to power in 2010, many of these initiatives came to an end or their functions were transferred to other agencies.

The Excellence Gateway included a new Skills for Life area which rationalised and brought together legacy Skills for Life websites and existing LSIS Skills for Life programme websites. These websites included the Tools Library, Embedded Learning Portal and Supporting Dyslexic Learners. The area enabled the resources across all the previous websites to be organised and presented in ways which meet the needs of sector staff.

A revised Skills for Life core curriculum was developed by LSIS in the form of an interactive online tool that:

-   Promoted flexible and creative use of the curriculum content in a variety of learning contexts, including embedded learning;
-   Enhanced content and resources with additional guidance, exemplification and vocational material;
-   Provided tools and features that will enable practitioners, including the wider embedded-learning audience, to create effective personal learning experiences; and
-   Provided an online community where ideas and innovation can be shared and developed.

Train to Gain: offered skills advice and business needs with training providers. The service, led by the LSC, was designed to enable adults to achieve a first full Level 2 qualification and to improve their basic literacy and numeracy skills.

The Skills for Life Improvement Programme built on previous initiatives making best use of people, systems and resources to deliver the Skills for Life Strategy. The Improvement Programme, delivered on behalf of LSIS by CfBT Education Trust and partners, was designed to support creative change in a wide range of self-improving organisations operating in a variety of different settings.

Move On Up: Move On Up was a national project funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families and delivered by _Skills for Life_ company, Tribal. The project aims to help adults to brush up their skills and gain the National Certificate in Adult Literacy or Numeracy.

BBC Skillswise: was an interactive adult literacy and numeracy resource from the BBC for tutors and learners, with a range of factsheets, worksheets and quizzes.

BBC raw: was an interactive resource for adult learners wanting to improve skills for everyday life covering literacy, numeracy, financial capabilities and ICT. The site included a range of familiar faces such as Dominic Little, Phil Tufnell and Lenny Henry and resources including videos, comedy clips, activities, worksheets and true life stories.

Whole Organisation Approach: The Whole Organisation Approaches for Delivering _Skills for Life_ Project was designed to embed _Skills for Life_ across post compulsory education. Delivered by KPMG, Tribal, LSN and The Experience Corps on behalf of LSIS.

Footnotes

[1]

title: Skills for Life

question: Explain how England improved its population's literacy.

text: The "Skills for Life" strategy was developed by England, not by the United States.

category: accuracy

answer: The United States developed the national strategy, "Skills for Life", to improve literacy and increase the number of people with adequate skills. The reason behind the strategy was to improve basic skills needed in the changing nature of the workplace and the increased complexity of traditional jobs. The goal was make the U.S. a more equal society and help "close the gap". The launch of the strategy provided free literacy, language and numeracy training to all adults without a Level 2 qualification. Some initiatives were developed to support the Skills for Life strategy and its whole approach.

text: The article and the question are about England, not the US.

text: The rationale and goals of the program aren't relevant to the question.

text: The answer omits the organizational aspects of England carried out the Skills for Life program.

answer: The government launched the Skills for Life strategy to improve the basic skills levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010. The strategy was launched by Prime Minister Tony Blair in March 2001. The strategy set out how the government aimed to reach its Public Service Agreement (PSA) target to improve the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010.

text: The answer is redundant.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

text: The answer is repetitive.

text: Remove redundant information

text: The response is a copy and paste of the text and not an answer.

text: The sentence "The strategy set out how the government aimed to reach its Public Service Agreement (PSA) target to improve the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010" is redundant and should be cut.

text: The final sentence "The strategy set out how the government aimed to reach its Public Service Agreement (PSA) target to improve the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010" is redundant and should be cut.

text: This should mention how with the program, free literacy training was made available to all adults without a Level 2 qualification.

answer: The government launched the Skills for Life strategy to improve the basic skills levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010. The strategy was launched by Prime Minister Tony Blair in March 2001. The strategy set out how the government aimed to reach its Public Service Agreement (PSA) target to improve the basic skill levels of 2.25 million adults between the launch of Skills for Life in 2001 and 2010.

text: The second sentence is unnecessary.

text: The last sentence is redundant.

text: The answer should mention specifics about how the strategy was meant to work (such as the Get On media campaign and the various services involved with the initiative).

answer: The United States developed the national strategy, "Skills for Life", to improve literacy and increase the number of people with adequate skills. The reason behind the strategy was to improve basic skills needed in the changing nature of the workplace and the increased complexity of traditional jobs. The goal was make the U.S. a more equal society and help "close the gap". The launch of the strategy provided free literacy, language and numeracy training to all adults without a Level 2 qualification. Some initiatives were developed to support the Skills for Life strategy and its whole approach.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that the United States developed the national strategy, however it was England.

text: "The United States developed the national strategy, "Skills for Life", to improve literacy and increase the number of people with adequate skills." - this is incorrect. The strategy was developed by England.

text: This is not a summary of the text

text: This response is full of errors and does not answer the question.

text: The US had no role in this. The last three sentences pertain to the national strategy, not England. There are more important pieces of information that can be added.

answer: England developed the national strategy, "Skills for Life", to improve literacy and increase the number of people with adequate skills. The reason behind the strategy was to improve basic skills needed in the changing nature of the workplace and the increased complexity of traditional jobs. The goal was make Britain a more equal society and help "close the gap". The launch of the strategy provided free literacy, language and numeracy training to all adults without a Level 2 qualification. Some initiatives were developed to support the Skills for Life strategy and its whole approach.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

text: The initiatives are not relevant to the question.

text: This sentence is not relevant to the question.

text: This isn't really a part of their plan, and should thus be omitted.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.


text:
[The Boardr Events]

About The Boardr

We host and organize skateboarding's top events like Vans Park Series.

The Boardr also owns and operates grassroots series such as The Boardr Am and Grind for Life. These 15 annual events target younger, newer participants and cover the United States.

We want to grow skateboarding and help you also do what we do, so we made this in depth roadmap on how to run your own skateboarding event.

Our software, The Boardr Live™, powers several top events in skateboarding, from payment transactions to live scoring and broadcast data integration.

If you want your event and all the details to be professionally executed by proven experts who live and breate this industry, The Boardr is who you hire.

[The Boardr Services]

Creating and Executing Your Event

CONSULTATION: Format development, skater recruiting and invites, general needs specific to each individual project.

STAFFING: We provide judges, announcers, key event personnel, and all support staff required to run a turnkey operation.

INFRASTRUCTURE: We come with all the equipment needed to run the event including scoring, registration, check-in, and more.

MEDIA: We provide top quality photography and video production in a professional and authentic manner, including personal delivery to top influencers.

[Skateboarding Events Technology]

Our Technology

The Boardr Live™: an instant scoring and event administration system used by the majority of the skateboarding industry.

-   Live and instant scoring to live TV, web, monitors, and jumbotrons
-   Shared skateboarder database among all industry event organizers
-   Accurate and current data exists for every top pro and amateur skateboarder in the world, including social media
-   Simple and easy integration with TV and Web Broadcasting graphics packages

[Private Warehouse Action Sports Facility for Rent]

Our Facility

The Boardr headquarters and offices in Tampa, Florida include a regularly updated private skateboard park and events space. Check out a tour of our facility and events space.

Our private park is not open to the public, but our facility is available for parties or other private events. Check the full details here.

[Skateboarding Data]

Our Data

The Boardr's data on skateboarding and competitions is by far the best information available and strenghtening daily with constant maintenance and content contributions.

-   7,000+ have placed top 20 or higher to earn a ranking in The Boardr Global Rank
-   10,000+ YouTube videos logged to individual skater profiles
-   4,000+ professional quality photos taken by The Boardr Staff Photographers logged to individual skater profiles

[Vans Park Series]

Sample Event: Vans Park Series

This ground breaking and game changing event series for park terrain skateboarding started in 2016. Vans knew to get it right, they needed to partner up with the team at The Boardr to create a top tier event that the industry and skateboarding professionals would support and attend. But work on VPS started long before that. In 2015, we sat down with Vans and hashed out everything from the fine details of seasonal rankings and points, to the long term picture and path to Tokyo for the Olympic Games. At each stop, The Boardr is contracted by Vans to provide full turnkey operational support, including live and instant scoring services via The Boardr Live™.

[Red Bull Hart Lines]

Sample Event: Ryan Sheckler's Red Bull Hart Lines Detroit

When Ryan Sheckler and Red Bull get an idea for one of the biggest new events in skateboarding, they know who to get to work with from the start. Nearly two years in advance, when it was just an idea over lunch, Red Bull and Ryan had already brought in The Boardr to consult, plan, and review everything from potential site visits to developing new and innovative scoring systems that changed the same old rules of skateboarding contests forever. Hart Lines was born out of all this work with a new format factoring in an element of speed. The Boardr has proudly produced three years this leading Red Bull Signature Series event.

[Contact The Boardr]

Let's Work Together

Contact us: help@theboardr.com

[Ryan Clements The Boardr]

Staff: Ryan Clements, Founder

Ryan Clements has breathed skateboarding since first discovering the activity in Tampa, Florida in 1985. A true student of the school of hard work, Ryan owned a lawn care business until 1998, when he traded in his mower for a desk, a PC, and a new role as GM of Skatepark of Tampa. At SPoT he helped grow the brand to worldwide recognition, solidified Tampa Am and Tampa Pro as premiere events, and appeared as a guest character in the Tony Hawk Pro Skater video game franchise. In 2006, Ryan co-founded SPoT Productions, a company whose sole focus was producing skateboarding events on a global scale. Upon his departure from the SPoT businesses in 2013, Ryan's professional focus turned to Excel Management, a company he co-founded in 2010 to help some of the biggest names in skateboarding set up retirement funds, pay taxes, and sustain a living long after their careers are over. More recently Excel has become the go-to agency for contract negotiations and the cultivation of credible skateboarding careers. Ryan then went on to co-found The Boardr in 2013. Since its inception, Ryan has been behind-the-scenes at events ranging from backyard mini-ramp jams and art shows, to full scale live television broadcasts. When he gets time at home, Ryan enjoys skating his "Dream Driveway," and taking his wife and two daughters to Bo's, his neighborhood ice cream shop.

[Rob Meronek The Boardr]

Staff: Rob Meronek, Founder

Rob Meronek is a software engineer, Certified Public Accountant, and photographer with over 25 years invested into skateboarding. He was born in the Philippines, and started skating in upstate New York, where skateboarding went from childhood toy to lifelong dream. After moving to Tampa and graduating from the University of South Florida, Rob got his foot in the door at Skatepark of Tampa by exchanging bookkeeping services for free skating. This eventually led Rob to quit his accounting firm job and join SPoT full-time in 2001. What Rob accomplished in the coming years is impressive. He created the SPoT’s POS system and on-line retail store, one of the first live inventory websites in the industry at the time, as well as co-founded SPoTLight Productions, an extension of SPoT whose sole purpose was organizing and executing skateboarding events around the world. After parting ways with SPoT in 2013, he joined back up with old co-worker Ryan Clements to create The Boardr, a new agency with a new vision and approach to how skateboarding events are organized and run, with its main focus being the relationships between event organizers, sponsors, and most importantly, the skaters. With that came the development of "The Boardr Live,” an innovative scoring app that is now used by event organizers around the world to handle every task necessary in running a proper skateboard contest. Outside of skateboarding, Rob is fascinated by anything tech-related. In his free time, he likes to skate his backyard mini-ramp. Rob also helps his wife Brittany run her greeting card business, “Humdrum Paper,” while raising their two sons, Alvis and Remington.

[Dylan Perry The Boardr]

Staff: Dylan Perry, Project Manager

Dylan Perry has been a part of the skateboard industry almost as long as he has been a skateboarder. A lifelong resident of Tampa, Florida, Dylan skated and worked a regular teenage job at a car wash until 2005. Then he was handed a set of keys to Skatepark of Tampa. He worked hard and skated harder, eventually turning heads and getting noticed at Tampa Am 2006 during Best Trick. Dylan then spent the next 10 years traveling the world as a sponsored am, while keeping Tampa as home base in between trips. In 2015, he started the transition to a role behind-the-scenes in the contest world, taking subcontracting gigs with former employer, Ryan Clements. This led to full-time employment with The Boardr in 2016, where he uses both his creative and organizational skills as a project manager for skateboarding events around the globe. Outside of skateboarding, Dylan enjoys creating art through graphic design, spray paint, and stencils on canvas. He also has a passion for spending time in his kitchen, preparing delicious meals for his friends and family.

[Justin Ryan The Boardr]

Staff: Justin Ryan, HQ Manager

A humble man originally from Gilman, Iowa, Justin Ryan was raised with that Midwest mentality of working hard and keeping your mouth shut. He started skating in 1986, and still vividly remembers that first Lance Mountain deck his uncle bought him. Growing up, Justin found time to skate in between his other passions, wrestling and soccer. After successful years in both sports at the high school level, Justin went on to play soccer at Luther College, then Grand View University. Upon graduating from college, Justin opened Subsect Skateshop in Des Moines, which he operated from 1997-2005, before selling to Heath Kirchart and moving to Tampa. Justin then worked as the buyer for Skatepark of Tampa, ultimately moving on and settling in as the HQ manager for The Boardr. Now his responsibilities include running The Boardr’s brick and mortar shop and online business, as well as managing fulfillment for Omar Salazar’s brand, Doom Sayers. When Justin has free time, he enjoys watching the Manchester United Football Club and WWE, while taking short walks out to his backyard mini-ramp to skate with his wife Holly.

[The Boardr]

The Boardr Year in Review

Each year, we produce a year in review edit of all the things in skateboarding that we were lucky enough to be a part of. Thanks to everyone who works with us and everyone who attends all this stuff we're up to.

question: What does the text say about The Boardr?

text: "The Boarder" - this is incorrect. The correct spelling is without an "e" (Boardr)

text: "The private park is open to the public, for parties or other private events." - this is incorrect. The Boardr private park is not open to the public but is open for private parties or other events.

answer: The Boarder is a skateboarding agency founded by Ryan Clements and Rob Meronek in 2013, with a new vision and approach to how skateboarding events are organized and run. The main focus of the company is the relationships between event organizers, sponsors, and skaters. It hosts and organizes skateboarding events like the Vans Park Series. The Boarder owns and operates grassroots series like The Boarder Am and Grind for Life. The 15 annual events younger, newer participants and cover the U.S. The Boardr owns "The Boarder Live", an instant scoring and event administration system used by the majority of the skateboarding industry. They offer consultation, staffing, infrastructure, and media to help create and execute skateboarding events. The Boarder headquarters and offices are in Tampa, Florida. The location includes a regularly updated skateboard park and events space. The private park is open to the public, for parties or other private events.

answer: The Boarder is a skateboarding agency founded by Ryan Clements and Rob Meronek in 2013, with a new vision and approach to how skateboarding events are organized and run. The main focus of the company is the relationships between event organizers, sponsors, and skaters. It hosts and organizes skateboarding events like the Vans Park Series. The Boarder owns and operates grassroots series like The Boarder Am and Grind for Life. The 15 annual events younger, newer participants and cover the U.S. The Boardr owns "The Boarder Live", an instant scoring and event administration system used by the majority of the skateboarding industry. They offer consultation, staffing, infrastructure, and media to help create and execute skateboarding events. The Boarder headquarters and offices are in Tampa, Florida. The location includes a regularly updated skateboard park and events space. The private park is open to the public, for parties or other private events.

text: The answer should mention that The Boardr is a company that helps other companies organize skateboarding events.

text: The answer should mention that The Boardr is a company that helps people organize skateboarding events.

text: The answer should mention the company's data on skateboarding and competitions.

text: The skateboard park is not open to the public.

text: The answer should mention that The Boardr is a company.

text: "The 15 annual events younger, newer participants and cover the U.S." is unclear.

text: The sentence "The main focus of the company is the relationships between event organizers, sponsors, and skaters" should be clarified by removing "skaters"

answer: The Boardr hosts and organizes skateboarding's top events like Vans Park Series. The Boardr also owns and operates grassroots series such as The Boardr Am and Grind for Life. The Boardr also provides skateboarding event services such as consultation, staffing, infrastructure, and media. The Boardr's data on skateboarding and competitions is the best information available.

text: The answer omits the company's software, The Boardr Live.

text: The answer omits the company's founders.

text: The answer omits the fact that The Boardr also provides technology solutions for skateboarding events.

text: The answer should mention The Boardr Live.

text: Doesn't mention their software.

text: It is omitted that the company was founded by Ryan Clements and Rob Meronek in 2013.

text: The answer should mention that the Boardr headquarters and offices in Tampa, Florida include a regularly updated private skateboard park and events space.

answer: The Boardr is a skateboarding agency founded by Ryan Clements and Rob Meronek in 2013, with a new vision and approach to how skateboarding events are organized and run. The main focus of the company is the relationships between event organizers, sponsors, and skaters. It hosts and organizes skateboarding events like the Vans Park Series. The Boardr owns and operates grassroots series like The Boardr Am and Grind for Life. The 15 annual events younger, newer participants and cover the U.S. The Boardr owns "The Boardr Live", an instant scoring and event administration system used by the majority of the skateboarding industry. They offer consultation, staffing, infrastructure, and media to help create and execute skateboarding events. The Boardr headquarters and offices are in Tampa, Florida. The location includes a regularly updated skateboard park and events space. The private park is not open to the public but is open for parties or other private events.