text:
[Students released from a lockdown are overcome with emotion following deadly shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla.]

Students released from a lockdown are overcome with emotion following deadly shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. (John McCall/AP)

We don’t want your prayers and we don’t need your thoughts and wishes, President Trump. And all of you, you members of Congress and senators just shut up and stay off of TV if you have any shred of morality left — especially if you have refused to vote for gun control.

Seventeen innocent, frightened students and staff were shot dead in a public high school and how does our President respond? He tweets. "My prayers and condolences to the families of the victims of the terrible Florida shooting. No child, teacher or anyone else should ever feel unsafe in an American school."

Really? Then ban assault weapons. Then stop telling everyone that the terrorists are coming, the terrorists are coming when the terrorists are here and they are us. WE kill one another by the thousands and thousands in more than one mass shooting every single day in this country.

We don't want your prayers. What we want from you right now is to ban assault weapons; we want you to make it impossible for civilians to have AR-15s. Period. We want YOU, elected officials, to stop killing our children while praising God. You know nothing of God, because if you did, you phony liars, you'd stop the killing without question by changing the law.

[Students hold their hands in the air as they are evacuated by police from Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla.]

Students hold their hands in the air as they are evacuated by police from Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. (Mike Stocker/AP)

If you are such God-fearing, God-loving people, you'd put the Sixth Commandment before the Second Amendment.

Ronald Reagan, your hero, believed in banning assault weapons.

Today, incredibly, marks the 18th school shooting since the first of the year. That's one school shooting every 2.5 days. How is it possible that American public schools are now among the most dangerous places on the planet?

Parents now know that each time they put their children on the school bus, they may in fact be putting them in harm's way. They could be sending their own children into what was a formerly safe place, but is now a place where their kids have targets on the heads, kids who could very well be trapped and killed by a lunatic armed with an easily acquired assault weapon.

In fact, today's killer, Nikolas Cruz, a former student, showed his cache of weapons to other students. Everyone knew he had guns. They kicked him out of school but no one took his guns away.

Hell, taking guns away is UnAmerican.

[President Trump tweets regarding the school shooting.]

President Trump tweets regarding the school shooting. (Twitter)

Yes, there have always been lunatics and troubled teens. But they didn't have assault weapons. Our government put them in his hands and continues to give these killers their blessings.

But instead of admitting that we are the terrorists — killing each other by the thousands every year — 1,806 people have been killed by guns in the first 45 days of this year, the President scares the hell out of everyone by saying foreigners are sneaking over the border to kill us.

Nearly 2,000 people have been killed by gun in 45 days. How is that possible? It's possible because our legislators won't even ban the popular mass killer gun, the AR-15. They are legal in the United States. Legal.

[Why hasn't our cowardly President banned assault weapons?]

Why hasn't our cowardly President banned assault weapons? (Pool/Getty Images)

Yet we listen to a paranoid xenophobic President who says a wall will keep us safe. Walls? What about banning assault weapons?

I condemn every sociopathic senator and member of Congress who will show up on TV tonight, or tweet your sorrow while praising God and then thanking Him for His goodness.

We all feel terrible, yet the President of the United States stated unequivicably — to great applause — in his State of the DisUnion that he was an absolute believer in the Second Amendment. You elected officials won’t even pass a bill to keep people on the watchlist from buying guns. You want everyone to have the right to open carry. You want to ban doctors from reporting gun shootings.

So all of you: Keep your thoughts and prayers to yourself. You are not people of God.

The Daily News Flash Newsletter

Weekdays

Catch up on the day’s top five stories every weekday afternoon.

If you were, you'd know that the Sixth Commandment isn't open to interpretation, the Second Amendment is.

-   donald trump
-   gun violence
-   gun control
-   nra
-   ronald reagan
-   parkland school shooting
-   congress
-   florida

Recommended on Daily News

question: Which of the American gun violence trends irks the writer?

answer: The writer dislikes the President sending thoughts and prayers via tweets without doing something about the gun violence in schools. The writer also decries politician's TV appearances (without any intention of keeping students safe) when tragedies happen.


split: test

text:
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| []                                | []                                |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | _WITH DR. STEPHEN LEFFLER_        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

In this BOWSITE’S ER Feature we will discuss elbow pain.  Judging by the questions I receive from all of you, elbow pain is a frequent problem for archers.  In my experience it is only slightly less common than shoulder pain.  The elbow is a hinge type joint and is one of the most stable joints

in the body.  The elbow permits flexion and extension of your arm and allows you to rotate your palm up and down. Three bones make up the elbow joint.  The humerus is the upper arm bone and connects with the radius and ulna, which are the bones of the forearm.  As you rotate your palm, your radius and ulna glide over each other.  There is very little laxity in the joint and it is not often subjected to arthritis.   About 50% of the strength of the elbow joint is contributed by the bony framework and 50% by the surrounding muscles.  There is a medial band of muscles, which are strongest when your elbow is flexed, and a lateral band of muscles, which are stronger when your elbow is extended. These muscle bands attach onto the each side of the bottom of your humerus.  Repetitive stress to these muscles and tendons can cause pain on the side of your elbow where they attach to the bone.  Depending on the activity, you may feel pain on the inside (medial) or outside (lateral) of your elbow.   Hopefully, this basic anatomy lesson will help us understand and treat elbow pain.
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| TENNIS ELBOW          | GOLFER’S ELBOW        | BURSITIS              |
| (lateral              | (medial               |  BACK OF ELBOW        |
| epicondylitis)        | epicondylitis)        | CAUSE & SYMPTOMS      |
| OUTSIDE OF ELBOW      |  INSIDE OF ELBOW      | Often due to          |
| CAUSE & SYMPTOMS      | CAUSE & SYMPTOMS      | excessive leaning on  |
|  The onset of pain,   | The causes of         | the joint or a direct |
| on the outside        | golfer's elbow are    | blow or fall onto the |
| (lateral) of the      | similar to tennis     | tip of the elbow.     |
| elbow, is usually     | elbow but pain and    | A lump can often be   |
| gradual with          | tenderness are felt   | seen and the elbow is |
| tenderness felt on or | on the inside         | painful at the back   |
| below the joint's     | (medial) of the       | of the joint.         |
| bony prominence.      | elbow, on or around   |                       |
| Movements such as     | the joint's bony      | []                    |
| gripping, lifting and | prominence.           |                       |
| carrying tend to be   |                       |                       |
| troublesome.          | []                    |                       |
|                       |                       |                       |
| []                    |                       |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+

Both of your elbows are subject to a lot of stress as you bring your bow to full draw.  Your bow arm is held in extension and your lateral (outside) elbow muscles are doing most of the work.  As you pull the string back your bowstring elbow is flexing and your medial (inside) elbow muscles are doing more of the work.  In my experience, most archers have problems with elbow pain on the outside of their bow arm.  The medical term for this is lateral epicondylitis.  It is also known as tennis elbow.  This is because the lateral muscle complex is not nearly as strong as the medial muscles.  Also, with the elbow extended there is less bony support of the joint, and these muscles need to provide a greater amount of the stability.  Finally, hand shock from the bow is transmitted into the elbow and can be a factor in elbow pain.

[]

Usually archers will complain of pain on the outside of their elbow after shooting.  The pain will be most severe over the bump on the outside of your elbow.  The pain will be worse when you straighten your arm and stress the lateral muscles.   What is happening is that there is inflammation and micro tears in the area where the muscles attach to the outside of the humerus bone.  Repetitive shooting worsens the trauma to the area and increases the damage.  Treatment of lateral elbow pain consists of allowing the damage to heal and then preventing recurrences.  First you must allow the inflammation and micro tears to heal. This typically involves taking a break from shooting and taking an anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen.  When your elbow is no longer hurting you can gradually resume shooting.  Dropping your draw weight and using a bow with less hand shock will give your elbow a break.  A very slight bend in your elbow will also take some of the stress off of your lateral muscles.  Some people have great luck with a tennis elbow band.  It stabilizes the lateral muscles and helps prevent bow shock transmission into the elbow.  It doesn’t work for everyone but may be worth a try.   You can buy one in most sporting goods stores.  Good luck finding one in camo!   The other thing that you can do to prevent recurrences is to strengthen the muscles surrounding your elbow.  Simple exercises can make the muscles stronger and withstand greater stress.  5 minutes a day a couple times a week will go a long way towards keeping you shooting pain free.

Medial elbow pain is slightly less common for archers.  The medial muscles are stronger and your elbow is more stable in the flexed position.  Still the repetitive trauma of shooting can cause inflammation and pain on the inside of the elbow.  The pain will usually be located over the big bump (medial epicondyle) on the inside of your elbow.  Rehabilitation starts the same.  Rest and ibuprofen until pain free.  The next step is to have someone watch, or better yet, video your shooting mechanics.  As we mentioned medial pain is more common in the drawing arm.  Drawing your bow with a very high elbow could cause pain.  You should strive for an inline draw and make sure you are doing most of the work with your back.

SOME SIMPLE EXERCISES WILL STRENGTHEN THESE MUSCLES AND HELP PREVENT RECURRENCES.

Our exercises will be geared toward strengthening the muscles that surround the elbow.  First we will focus on the forearm.  Remember that when starting this program you will need to start with a very light weight (1 pound) and gradually work up to about 10 pounds.  If the pain begins to recur, stop for a week and then drop down a couple pounds and start again.

[]
[]
The first exercise is the wrist extension.  Start with a one-pound dumbbell and start with your palm down and fully flexed.   Now slowly extend your wrist bringing the weight upward.  Do three sets of ten.  As you get stronger you can increase the weight gradually up to about 10 pounds.

[]
[]
Next you will do wrist curls.  Start with your palm facing up with your wrist fully extended and curl the dumbbell up as far as possible.  Your elbow should be stationary.  Three sets of ten is your goal.  Once again, increase the weight as you get stronger.  You will probably be able to handle more weight with the wrist curls, as these muscles are stronger.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  []
  Bicep curls are the next exercise for your elbow.     For curls most of you should be able to start with between 5-10 pounds.  Start with your arms at your side and rotate your palm up as you curl the weight towards your shoulder.  Your elbow should stay tight to your body and should not swing.  Bicep curls are an awesome exercise for the elbow because they use all the muscles surrounding the joint.  The key is to perform the curls slowly and not to swing the elbow.  Three sets of ten for each arm will help a lot.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  []
  The final exercise is for grip strength.  Your forearm muscles provide most of your grip strength.  Those soft rubber squeeze balls that are available in most sporting goods stores provide great exercise for your forearm muscles.  I also like this exercise because it can be done anywhere.  After a couple of weeks of regular use you will be amazed at how much stronger your grip is.
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

These 4 exercises should take about 10-15 minutes at the most and should be done 2 or 3 times a week.  If done regularly they will make your forearm much stronger and help stabilize your elbow.   Hopefully this program will keep you shooting pain free for a many years.

[]

question: What does the text say about soft tissue damage treatment?

question: What does the text say about the basic anatomy of the elbow?

answer: The elbow is a hinge-type joint that permits extension and flexion of the arm, allowing the palm to rotate up and down. Three bones make up the elbow joint: humerus, radius, and ulna. The humerus is the upper arm bone that connects with the bones of the forearm, the ulna, and radius, which glide over each other as the palm rotates. The elbow joint isn't prone to arthritis. About 50% of the strength of the elbow joint comes from the surrounding muscles and 50% comes from the bony framework. The medial band of muscles is strongest when the elbow is flexed, while the lateral band of muscles is stronger when the elbow is extended. These bands attach to each side of the bottom of the humerus, and repetitive stress to these muscles and tendons can cause pain on the side of the elbow where they attach to the bone. Pain can be felt either on the inside (medial) or outside (lateral) of the elbow, depending on the activity.

question: Summarize the main topic of the article.

answer: The main topic of the article is archers suffering from frequent elbow pain, usually complaining about pain outside their elbow after shooting. The pain is severe over the bump on the outside of the elbow and worse when the arm is straightened because of the stress to the lateral muscles. The reason for the pain is inflammation and micro-tears in the area where the muscles attach to the outside of the humerus bone. Repetitive shooting worsens the trauma and increases damage to the area. Treatment consists of allowing the damage to deal by taking anti-inflammatory medication and preventing recurrences by doing simple exercises to strengthen the muscles. Taking a break, using a tennis elbow band, and dropping the bow's draw weight may also help with the healing process.


text:
_COMPTOSIA_ is a genus of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). There are at least 62 described species including the common Australian insects Comptosia apicalis, Comptosia neobiguttata and Comptosia insignis.[1][2]

[1]

[2]

title: Comptosia

question: How is bee flies classified?

answer: They are insects in the family Bombyliidae.

question: Are Compotosia part of the family Bombyliidae?

answer: Yes.

question: Name three Comptosia species.

answer: Comptosia apicalis, Comptosia neobiguttata and Comptosia insignis.

question: Where can Comptosia neobiguttata be found?

answer: It is a common Australian insect?

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Comptosia is a genus of bee flies with 62 described species including common Australian insects.


text:
DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS, locally known as DIÁRIO DE NOTÍCIAS DA MADEIRA, is a centenary Madeiran newspaper headquartered in Funchal. In January 2020 its daily circulation was on average 9023,[1] making it the biggest Portuguese regional newspaper in circulation. In 2016 it counted 5600 subscribers[2] and its Sunday magazine is D7.[3][4]

History

It was founded on October 12, 1876 by Canon Alfredo César de Oliveira,[5] a man of remarkable culture, energetic parliamentary, and ardent polemicist. Considering his intellectual training as a combat journalist, the canon gave a predominantly news feature from the first hour, covering the largest number of regional facts, in order to captivate and interest all social strata, while still agitating and defending real Madeiran problems.

Also, during the 1876 five newspapers were published periodically: _A Verdade_, _A Aurora Liberal_, _A Aurora Literária_, _Estrela Académica_ and _Liberal_. The difference between _Diário de Notícias_ and its competitors laid on the fact that the first presented itself as a daily publication, which at the time many though unimaginable given the population of readers on the island. In its first issue, a sentence stands out in the editorial that reflects the character and objectives of the journal:

  _«... we strive, as much as it fits in the interests of the population.»_

Tristão Vaz Teixeira de Bettencourt da Câmara, 1st Baron of Jardim do Mar, was its director and owner.

On October 5, 1911, when Funchal's telephone network was inaugurated, the first telephone communication was established between the headquarters of Diário de Notícias and the Central Station, where Manuel Augusto Martins was, at the time governor of the now-defunct District of Funchal.[6]

Since 2005, when Lusomundo Serviços was acquired, it belongs to the Controlinveste group (now Global Media Group).[7]

In 2010, in the 12th edition of the European Newspaper Award, the _Diário de Notícias_ was awarded the title “European Journal of the Year”, in the category of local newspaper, an unprecedented distinction in the history of journalism in Madeira.[8]

On 14 February 2014, the biggest shareholders, Sousa Group and Blandy Group, signed an agreement of intentions in which, once the deal is concluded, the majority of the capital belongs to the first with 77%, while the later holds 12%.[9]

Regular columnists

As a daily newspaper, _Diário de Notícias_ has regular columnists that contribute to its opinion section, many of them with political and business links.

  Columnist            Background
  -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
  Nuno Morna           Leader of Liberal Initiative Madeira
  Sofia Canha          Member of the Legislative Assembly of Madeira for the PS
  Pedro Fontes         Lawyer
  Marta Caires         Pundit
  João Paulo Marques   Former member of the Legislative Assembly of Madeira for PPD-PSD
  Elisa Seixas         Member of the Legislative Assembly of Madeira for PS

Political alignment and criticism

Although the editorial statues declares the newspaper as “objective, independent and a source responsible information, based on the defence of the interests of Madeirans and Porto-Santenses, their Autonomy, as well as the National interest in which it is integrated”,[10] it has face great criticism from members of PPD-PSD Madeira, namely Alberto João Jardim.[11][12][13] The former President of the Regional Government of Madeira has accused the owners of the newspaper, Blandy Group, of meddling, over a period of more than 40 years, in the regional political system and of promoting colonialism through their links with the Masonry and PS Madeira.[14][15]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]  Homepage|last=Madeira|first=Diário de Notícias|website=edicao.dnoticias.pt|language=pt|access-date=2020-02-25}}

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

title: Diário de Notícias (Madeira)

question: What are the noteworthy aspects of Diário de Notícias?

answer: It was founded by Canon Alfredo César de Oliveira, and uniquely, it focused on matters concerning all the population. The first telephone communication in Funchal was between the Diário de Notícias and the Central Station, where the newspaper was called by the governor of the now-defunct District of Funchal. It is the biggest regional newspaper in terms of daily circulation as of January 2020.

question: What does the article say about the freedom of the press?


text:
You are less than the wind. You are not the air, but those things carried on it. You are gentle words and the fragrance of honeysuckle. You are not that quiet breeze, but those light bits of hair that it ruffles at its passing and those gentle chills that it carries in the ripeness of fall. You are those things carried amongst the bitten mountains worn down by your medium over the passage of years and years and years and years. You are the stillness of the water in this quiet lake and the hymns of the procession slowly approaching the lake over those worn mountain paths. They sing and you follow.

They are a group of not more than twenty large. They are a mix of men and women where the mix tends to fare the fairer sex and those masculine do walk emasculated with trodding steps and uncertain footing. You are the dust kicked up by the feet of these hollow men, a minority amongst those surefooted ewes. You are also the delicate steps of the child, alone amongst adults. You are also the breeze amongst his light hair and the silence at his lips. You are not the shallowness of his gaze or the timidity of his posture. You do know, though, that this one has not had enough years to be weathered as his companions are, their souls as worn as the mountains they cross.

You are the bellows of the man-mountain leading them. You are the difference in the weight of his garments compared to the others. You are not the yellow dye that provides this greater weight, but the wind that gently whips it as they approach the water. You are his words and the songs he leads his congregation in. You are not his smile or its crude comparison with the vacant expressions of his masculine peers, the gentle effeminacy of the women, or the indifference of that golden child. You are his words when he says,

“This is truly a glorious day!”

You are his words when he says,

“Today we truly bask in the radiance of the Lord!”

You are the gentle decline in pitch as footsteps amongst leaves change to those in sand and gravel. You are the difference when the sound of movement changes to sounds of silence save the proselytizing of that mountain of a man. You are his lungs and those ragged chords when he speaks,

“Come my child and let you join the kingdom of the lord!”

You are not the silence in the child’s footsteps, but you are the dissonance between the child’s graceful procession into the water and the preacher’s entrance, more akin to a battleship being put to port than a man of god sloshing to a small sandbank less than fifteen feet from the water’s edge. You are the hymns sung by the procession as the man and child walk out, but you are not the grating words and eldritch vocabulary they use. You are just the words, not their purpose or their strange vocalizations.

You are his words when the priest lays his hand on the child’s head and the mid of his back and calls out,

“Do you wish to see the promise land?”

You are not the child’s response even though it is pronounced and articulated with a certainty greater than the child’s years. You don’t even wish to carry those weary words of disagreement. You are not the unfocused gaze as the priest ignores those words you never carried. You are the sounds of submersion. You are never that gasp of air upon rising from those cold depths. You are simply the solitude of this terrible scene; the quiet, the thrashing at the waters edge, and a wind that roars through the trees like a cry of injustice and pain amongst the leaves. You are less than the wind.

edit: formatting cleanup

meta-edit: apparently I use the word "amongst" too much

title: You are Less than the Wind [MF]

question: What is the gender preference among the group?

answer: Women.

question: Is this a religious text?

answer: The Lord is mentioned but it is not explicitly stated.

question: What is your purpose, according to this text?

answer: You are everywhere and in everything.

question: How are the child's words pronounced?

answer: With a certainty greater than their age.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: You are everywhere and everything at all times.


text:
This is a list of the MAMMAL SPECIES RECORDED IN THE SEYCHELLES. Of the mammal species in the Seychelles, two are critically endangered and two are vulnerable.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

  ---- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EW   EXTINCT IN THE WILD     Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
  CR   CRITICALLY ENDANGERED   The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
  EN   ENDANGERED              The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
  VU   VULNERABLE              The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
  NT   NEAR THREATENED         The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
  LC   LEAST CONCERN           There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
  DD   DATA DEFICIENT          There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
  ---- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

  ------- ----------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  LR/cd   LOWER RISK/CONSERVATION DEPENDENT   Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
  LR/nt   LOWER RISK/NEAR THREATENED          Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
  LR/lc   LOWER RISK/LEAST CONCERN            Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
  ------- ----------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Dugongs] Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

-   Family: Dugongidae
    -   Genus: _Dugong_
        -   Dugong, _Dugong dugon_ VU

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

-   Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
    -   Subfamily: Pteropodinae
        -   Genus: _Pteropus_
            -   Aldabra flying fox, _Pteropus aldabrensis_ CR
            -   Seychelles fruit bat, _Pteropus seychellensis_ LC
-   Family: Molossidae
    -   Genus: _Chaerephon_
        -   Little free-tailed bat, _Chaerephon pumila_ LC
-   Family: Emballonuridae
    -   Genus: _Coleura_
        -   Seychelles sheath-tailed bat, _Coleura seychellensis_ CR
    -   Genus: _Taphozous_
        -   Mauritian tomb bat, _Taphozous mauritianus_ LC
-   Family: Rhinolophidae
    -   Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
        -   Genus: _Triaenops_
            -   Trouessart's trident bat, _Triaenops furculus_ VU

Order: Cetacea (whales)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Pygmy sperm whale] [Striped dolphin] [Orcas] The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

-   Suborder: Mysticeti
    -   Family: Balaenopteridae
        -   Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
            -   Genus: _Balaenoptera_
                -   Common minke whale, _Balaenoptera acutorostrata_ LC
                -   Antarctic minke whale, _Balaenoptera bonaerensis_ DD
                -   Bryde's whale, _Balaenoptera edeni_ DD
                -   Southern sei whale, _Balaenoptera borealis schlegelii_ EN
                -   Southern fin whale, _Balaenoptera physalus quoyi_ EN
                -   Pygmy blue whale, _Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda_ DD
                -   Southern blue whale, _Balaenoptera musculus intermedia_ EN
        -   Family: Megapterinae
            -   Genus: _Megaptera_
                -   Humpback whale, _Megaptera novaeangliae_ LC
-   Suborder: Odontoceti
    -   Family: Physeteridae
        -   Genus: _Physeter_
            -   Sperm whale, _Physeter macrocephalus_ VU
    -   Family: Kogiidae
        -   Genus: _Kogia_
            -   Pygmy sperm whale, _Kogia breviceps_ DD
            -   Dwarf sperm whale, _Kogia sima_ DD
    -   Family: Ziphidae
        -   Genus: _Indopacetus_
            -   Tropical bottlenose whale, _Indopacetus pacificus_ DD
        -   Genus: _Ziphius_
            -   Cuvier's beaked whale, _Ziphius cavirostris_ DD
        -   Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
            -   Genus: _Mesoplodon_
                -   Blainville's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon densirostris_ DD
                -   Gray's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon grayi_ DD
                -   Hector's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon hectori_ DD
                -   Layard's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon layardii_ DD
                -   True's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon mirus_ DD
                -   Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, _Mesoplodon ginkgodens_ DD
                -   Deraniyagala's beaked whale, _Mesoplodon hotaula_ DD
    -   Superfamily: Delphinoidea
        -   Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
            -   Genus: _Steno_
                -   Rough-toothed dolphin, _Steno bredanensis_ LC
            -   Genus: _Grampus_
                -   Risso's dolphin, _Grampus griseus_ DD
            -   Genus: _Globicephala_
                -   Short-finned pilot whale, _Globicephala macrorhynchus_ DD
            -   Genus: _Sousa_
                -   Indian humpback dolphin, _Sousa plumbea_ NT
            -   Genus: _Tursiops_
                -   Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, _Tursiops aduncus_ DD
                -   Common bottlenose dolphin, _Tursiops truncatus_ LC
            -   Genus: _Stenella_
                -   Pantropical spotted dolphin, _Stenella attenuata_ LC
                -   Striped dolphin, _Stenella coeruleoalba_ LC
                -   Spinner dolphin, _Stenella longirostris_ DD
            -   Genus: _Delphinus_
                -   Long-beaked common dolphin, _Delphinus capensis_ DD
            -   Genus: _Lagenodelphis_
                -   Fraser's dolphin, _Lagenodelphis hosei_ DD
            -   Genus: _Peponocephala_
                -   Melon-headed whale, _Peponocephala electra_ DD
            -   Genus: _Pseudorca_
                -   False killer whale, _Pseudorca crassidens_ DD
            -   Genus: _Feresa_
                -   Pygmy killer whale, _Feresa attenuata_ DD
            -   Genus: _Orcinus_
                -   Orca, _Orcinus orca_ DD

Notes

[1] This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

title: List of mammals of Seychelles

question: What does the text say about mammals?

question: What does the text say about Sirenia?

answer: Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands.

question: What does the text say about Cetacea?

answer: Cetacea are mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body protected by a thick layer of blubber and forelimbs and tail.

question: What does the text say about the process of writing the IUCN Red List?


text:
__ August 22, 2020| Posted in News| __ Justin Lemire-Elmore| 280

Hey everyone we have now FINISHED started the planned Aug 22nd - 29th store shutdown. Thank you for your patience and understanding while we got caught up. PLEASE NOTE THAT WHILE OUR STORE IS NOW OPEN AGAIN - WE ARE STILL NOT SERVING WALK-IN CUSTOMERS DUE TO ONGOING COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS. During this week we will get caught with all aging orders and communication backlogs, and also deploy new internal systems to smooth out our operations. Our sales and support staff will still be available by email but new orders are now on hold.  If you have things in your cart you'll be able to check out on Aug 30th.

Ebike activity has really been through the roof this summer and we wanted to thank both the team here and our customers for their patience as we adjust to this new reality. We've managed to step up our manufacturing throughput so that most of our key items (Phaserunners, Baserunners, All Axle motors, CA3-WP's, LiGo Batteries..) have been in good supply again; our sales and support team have been responding to over 1500 emails and countless phone calls each week; and our packing and shipping team of been getting record throughput out the door.

One downside of this unprecedented activity is that other items (new video releases, web content updates, R&D, user manuals, new product development etc.) have taken a backseat as we try to stay on top of top order volumes. We're hoping to make headway on a number of those fronts next week too.

Introducing our new Operations Manager - Guy Thorburn

[Guy Thorburn at the BBQ]We're pleased to have brought an experienced fellow like Guy onboard as our first full-time operations manager. Guy has previously been involved with successful tech businesses in BC like Carmanah (https://carmanah.com/), and helped Grin during our first move away from the small shop on Main St. 10 years ago. We're looking forward to have him as part of our core team as we scale things to the next phase in this exciting industry.

More Job Hirings

Thanks to everyone that sent in an application for our recent job postings - we're currently finished with hiring for now and have a few exciting new team members here at Grin...

That said if you're an eBike repair and support expert, we'd love to hear from you - send over an email with a resume and cover letter as well as anything else you think we should know.

We've had a half dozen new staff join Grin this summer but we are still looking for even more! There are two roles in particular that we could use filled like yesterday:

1) REMOTE TECHNICAL SUPPORT: We're still looking for people with a technical background in order to help with troubleshooting and support. This is a position that can be done remotely so no need to be in Vancouver, but we are after someone who already has deep familiarity and understanding of Grin's entire product lineup and superb typing and writing skills. This could be a great side hustle for an ebike guru out of work due to the Covid situation, and we're open to both part time or full time possibilities.

2) PACKING / SHIPPING ASSISTANT: We're also after another pair of hands to work full time in the packing and shipping side of our business. This job can't be done remote, so if you know someone in Vancouver looking for a manual job with a good crew of people then feel free to spread the word.

If you are interested in either of these then please send us an email with a resume, cover letter, and any other details about yourself you think we should know.

question: Summarize everything relating to the store shutdown.

answer: The shutdown has finished, and it ran from Aug 22nd - 19th, 2020. At the time of the article, the store is open again, however they are still not serving walk-in customers due to Covid-19 restrictions. The article states that if there is anything in a customer's online cart they will be able to check out on Aug 30th.

question: Describe the positions the company is currently hiring for.

answer: The article discusses two new positions they are hiring for. One is remote technical support. This position can be done remotely. The other position they need is a packing/shipping assistant. This job must be done in the store's location, in Vancouver.

question: Describe the new Operations Manager.

answer: The new Operations Manager is named Guy Thorburn. He has previously involved in successful tech businesses in BC like Carmanah. He helped Grin during their first move away from this small shop on Main St. 10 years before the article was written. The team is excited to have him on board.

question: What are the consequences of the increase in Ebike activity for the company?

answer: The company has had to step up their manufacturing throughput so that most of their key items, such as Phaserunners, Baserunners, All Axle motors, CA3-WP's, and LiGo Batteries, could be in supply. The sales and support team have been responding to over 1500 emails and countless phone calls each week. One downside of the activity is that other items have taken a backseat in order to stay on top of order volumes.


text:
Once upon a time there was a King who had a beautiful daughter. She was his pride and joy. One day the princess was tending her garden in the sunshine.  She did all of the raking and hoeing and pruning and at the end of the day she was happy and tired.  Her father came to see her and when he touched her hand he felt her calloused palms and saw scrapes and cuts where she had been working.

The king was angry that her soft beautiful hands had been marred that he ordered the royal glove maker to make her some gloves. The king forbade her from ever being outside without her gloves on.  The princess protested that she would never feel the warmth of the soil on her hands again. The king refused her request and the princess was from that day forward forced to wear gloves.

One day while the princess was walking through the halls of the palace where she was approached by one of the king’s duke’s who asked her why she always wore gloves. The Princess replied that her father felt that her royal hands were too beautiful and too delicate to be outside without gloves. The Duke was jealous that the king’s daughter was thought to be so precious that she needed to wear gloves.  When the Duke told his wife, the Duchess, of the Princess the Duchess insisted that her hands and that their daughter’s hands were as precious as the Princess’s. The Duke had gloves made for his wife and daughters so that they could always have gloves when they were in public.

The Royal Court of the King soon saw that the Duchess and her daughters were always wearing gloves and so they began to wear gloves.  Although many of the wives and many of the daughters complained about how warm the gloves were in the summer, their fathers worried about the loss of self-esteem they forbade their wives and daughters from removing the gloves.

Soon the rich merchants of the kingdom saw that the women of the royal court wore gloves. The Princes and Lords interested in their advancement in the court were now only interested in marrying the girls who wore gloves. Merchants who wanted their daughters to marry well and wives who wanted to been seen as prosperous started to wear gloves. And so it became in the Kingdom, that all of the women wore gloves so that others would think well of them.

Many Daughters felt the gloves were too warm in the summer and wanted to take them off. Fathers pleaded with their daughters and many of the girls defied their fathers. “Their my hands!” they would proclaim. Frustrated fathers and brothers and uncles would take their daughters and nieces and sisters to the king.  The king being wise passed a law that all girls in the kingdom were to wear gloves at all times or face very, very stiff punishment.

For many, many years the women of the Kingdom wore their gloves. Many Kings came and went and the law stayed in place. So many generations passed that everyone forgot the reason for the law.

One day a little girl was in the park and she wandered up to the pond.  She desired to feel the water so she slipped off her glove to touch the sparkling water. The wind came along and blew her glove into the pond.  She could not reach it and she was afraid. Her brother who was her escort for the day saw that she had taken her glove off. He was a law abiding little boy and he knew the law. So he ran and told a policeman that his sister had removed her glove.  The Policeman praised the little boy.  Proudly he led the policeman to the little girl. The girl was terrified.  The policeman explained the law and the girl nodded that she understood. With one swift strike of his sword the police cut off the little girls head.

A woman walking by saw what had happened. She was horrified.  She had herself taken her glove off to touch the water. She saw how proudly the little boy walked with the policeman to tell his parents what a good job he had done to obey the law. It could not be right that a girl’s life was the same as a bare hand. But it was the law what could she do.

The woman didn’t sleep for many, many nights and finally she told her husband the story. She expected him to understand her fears but in the end he said that the law was the law and that little girls who took their gloves off needed to be made an example of else everyone take off their gloves.  The woman was mortified. How could the man she loved be so callous. What about their own daughters? or their daughters in the future?

But her husbands comment that the little girl needed to be made an example of else everyone take of their gloves gave her and idea.  “What if every woman in the Kingdom took off their gloves at the same time?” “They couldn’t kill them all could they?” She would have to be cautious.

The woman quietly and cautiously told the story to any woman who would listen. If the woman agreed what a tragedy it was that the little girl was killed she would share her plan.  In one year, on the anniversary of the little girls death, all of the women would go to the town square and all at once, they would remove their gloves. They would not leave until the law was repealed and women were able to choose if they wanted to wear gloves or not.

So the news spread quietly at first, then more and more women heard about the plan. The woman told every one that they should not say where the idea started but that they should pass it on. When a strange woman in approached her in the market and told her the story she was both afraid and excited. When her husband came to her and asked her if she had heard of the plan she was horrified. Did the men know too? What if the king and the policemen came to stop them? It would be a disaster.

When the woman would not tell her husband if she was going to attend he was very angry. “The law is the law.” He would proclaim arrogantly, “No wife of mine will obey the law and shame me!” “No daughter of mine will dare disobey me.” And with that he would go out with his friends. When he would come home at night with beer on his breath he would be afraid and he would beg his wife. “Please do not go. I could not bear to be without you.” And he would cry himself to sleep.

The day came.

The woman took her two daughters by the hand and began to walk to the town square. On the way they were joined by many of the other women in the town. Soon the procession to the town square was crowded with women and their daughters. When the women reached the town square they were shocked to see that the king had all of his policemen on horses guarding the square. They would not be allowed in. The king himself stood on a tall dais erected during the night and proclaimed that the nonsense was to end.  All women were to leave the area with their gloves on and this incident would be forgotten.

The women stared around at each other. “What are we to do they muttered?” The Husbands, and fathers and brothers and uncles who followed them to the square nodded. One of the men spoke. “Yes, the king is right. The king is just. Please come home and all will be forgotten.”

One of the women sat down. In the middle of the road. She just sat down. Another woman sat next to her. Then a third woman with three daughters joined them and in a very short time every woman who had planned to take her gloves off in the square had joined them and was sitting in the square.

The King was furious, the Dukes and Earls and nobles were furious. The husbands, and fathers, and sons and brothers were all furious. Then it happened. One of the women took off her gloves. At that moment the King yelled. “Kill her!” and one of the kings archers deftly fired an arrow that struck the woman square in the breast and she died.

There was a pause. A quiet filled the square. A man and a boy made their way quietly to the woman tears streaming down their faces and sat with by the dead woman’s body.  Everyone was in shock.  A little boy was the first to speak. “The law is the law.” He said.

A moment later another woman took off her gloves quickly followed by several more. There was a pause. The Kings face was red with anger. “I have offered mercy!” he shouted “I have shown you that I will not be defied and you still defy me!” The Law is the Law!” But there was fear in his voice. “Now please go!” he shouted.

Several women stood and took off their gloves.  And several of the policemen drew their swords. Several more women stood and removed their gloves. And several more of the policemen drew their swords. And in few short moments there were hundreds of women with bare hands facing dozens of policemen with swords drawn.

Then an old man, with a bald head and a cane made his way from the back of the crowd and he stood next to an old woman and helped her as she took off her gloves. He kissed her on the cheek and stood beside her. Not in front of her, not behind her but beside her as he had done since the day that they were married.

The King realized that things were quickly getting out of hand. He needed to act or the day would be lost. He acted. “Kill them, Kill them all!.” He screamed.  The guards hesitated, the fathers, and sons and brothers and husbands gasped. Some of the men nodded “The law is the law.” They muttered. But some of the men, most of the men loved their mothers, and wives and sisters and daughters more than they loved the law. Those men walked made their way through the crowd to stand by their wives and daughters and sisters and mothers.

The woman who started it all was certain that she was about to die along with her daughters in the dusty road on this hot summer day.  Then she felt a familiar hand take her bare hand. It was a strong calloused hand. She looked into the worried face of her husband and he smiled an awkward smile. A tear was on his cheek. He looked at his wife again and whispered. “Maybe laws can be changed if enough people will it.” And she smiled and cried and she planned to die happy.

“Kill them! Kill Them All!” Shouted the King. And the dozens of policemen with swords ran towards the crowd.  And the hundreds of men and women and fathers and mothers and sisters and brothers ran towards the policemen. And in moments it was over. The mob tore through the line of policemen. The swords were left on the dusty road because of the symbol that they represented.  When the crowd looked for the King they saw that he had run from the dais and had hidden behind the palace wall.

Days passed and the story spread and soon every woman in the kingdom had removed her gloves. The King sent envoys to the people proclaiming that he would change the law. That was enough for the time. But soon other laws were challenged and other crowds were formed and in the end the people decided that they didn’t need a king and that they could govern themselves.  They elected good men and women to lead represent them.

The King woke one morning to find that he was no longer a King. He was lead to be judged before the people he had ruled. He was delivered the same sentence as the little girl who had taken off her glove. So were the Dukes, and the Lords and the policemen who carried out the bad laws on the good people.

And they lived happily ever after.

The End

title: [FN] The Princess's Gloves

question: What would have happened had the king retrospected the decision?

answer: It may be implied that the little girl would not have died and nor would there be a need for the women to protest.

question: What could the princess have done?

answer: The princess could have protested further by refusing to wear the gloves.

question: What qualities does the woman who starts the movement show?

answer: It may be implied that the woman was courageous and determined to remove the law.


text:
Nearly 100 internal Trump transition vetting documents leaked to "Axios on HBO" identify a host of "red flags" about officials who went on to get some of the most powerful jobs in the U.S. government.

WHY IT MATTERS: The massive trove, and the story behind it, sheds light on the slap-dash way President Trump filled his cabinet and administration, and foreshadowed future scandals that beset his government.

SOME HIGHLIGHTS:

-   SCOTT PRUITT, who ultimately lost his job as EPA Administrator because of serial ethical abuses and clubbiness with lobbyists, had a section in his vetting form titled "allegations of coziness with big energy companies."
-   TOM PRICE, who ultimately resigned as Health and Human Services Secretary after Trump lost confidence in him in part for stories about his use of chartered flights, had sections in his dossier flagging "criticisms of management ability" and "Dysfunction And Division Has Haunted Price's Leadership Of The House Budget Committee."
-   MICK MULVANEY, who became Trump's Budget Director and is now his acting chief of staff, has a striking assortment of "red flags," including his assessment that Trump "is not a very good person."
-   THE TRUMP TRANSITION TEAM WAS SO WORRIED ABOUT RUDY GIULIANI, in line for Secretary of State, that they created a separate 25-page document titled "Rudy Giuliani Business Ties Research Dossier" with copious accounting of his "foreign entanglements."
-   ONE RED FLAG FOR GEN. DAVID PETRAEUS, who was under consideration for Secretary of State and National Security Adviser: "Petraeus Is Opposed to Torture."

BEHIND THE SCENES: In the chaotic weeks after Trump's surprise election victory, Trump fired Chris Christie as the head of his transition. The team that took over — which V.P. Mike Pence helmed — outsourced the political vetting of would-be top officials to the Republican National Committee.

-   We obtained the political vetting forms that Trump and his senior aides were given for Ben Carson, Dan Coats, Betsy DeVos, Gary Cohn, Don McGahn, Elaine Chao, John Kelly, James Mattis, John Bolton, Mick Mulvaney, Nikki Haley, Rex Tillerson, Rick Perry, Robert Lighthizer, Ryan Zinke, Scott Pruitt, and many others.
-   President-elect Trump reviewed many of these documents at Trump Tower and Bedminster before his interviews, according to a source who saw him eyeball them.
-   Traditionally, any would-be top official faces three types of vetting: an FBI background check, a scrub for financial conflicts of interest from the Office of Government Ethics, and a deep dive from the president-elect's political team, which veteran Washington lawyers often handle.
-   We obtained many of the political vetting forms. According to sources on the RNC vetting team, senior Trump officials asked them to do an initial "scrub" of the public record before Trump met the contenders. But in many cases — for example the misguided choice of Andrew Puzder as Labor Secretary — this RNC "scrub" of public sources was the only substantial vetting in Trump's possession when he announced his picks.
-   The documents show what Trump’s vetting shop worried about in assessing candidates for the most important jobs in government.

THE RNC RESEARCHERS IDENTIFIED SOME STRIKING "RED FLAGS."

-   The first red flag for Rex Tillerson, who became Trump’s first Secretary of State, was about Russia. "Tillerson's Russia ties go deep," it read.
-   One red flag for Fox News host Laura Ingraham, considered for White House press secretary: "Ingraham said people should wear diapers instead of sharing bathrooms with transgender people."
-   One heading in the document about Kris Kobach, in the running for Homeland Security Secretary, listed "white supremacy" as a vulnerability. It cited accusations from past political opponents that he had ties to white supremacist groups.
-   Vetters had unique concerns about Gary Cohn. "Some Say Cohn Has An Abrasive, Curt, And Intimidating Style," they wrote, citing a Bloomberg piece. "He Would Sometimes Hike Up One Leg And Plant His Foot On A Trader's Desk, His Thigh Close To The Employee's Face, And Ask How Markets Were Doing."

SOME OF THE CONTENDERS WERE STRIKINGLY SWAMPY — even by the RNC vetters' standards.

-   Seema Verma, who Trump appointed as the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, had this paragraph near the top of her vetting form: "Verma was simultaneously advising Indiana ($3.5 million in contracts) on issues impacting how it would spend Medicaid funds while she was also being paid by a client that received Medicaid funds. Ethics experts have called the arrangement a conflict of interest that potentially put Indiana taxpayers at risk."
-   Sonny Perdue, Trump's pick for Agriculture Secretary, had a vetting form with sections labeled "Business conflicts of interest" and "Family conflicts of interest." It noted that "Perdue is the owner of Houston Fertilizer and Grain, a company that has received contracts from the Department of Agriculture."

The documents point to Trump’s willingness to meet with — and sometimes hire — people who had harshly criticized him. THE VETTING TEAM OFTEN PUT THESE DENIGRATIONS AT THE TOP OF THE DOCUMENTS. A source with direct knowledge told me many of these documents were handed to Trump; he knew about the insults, and picked the insulters anyway.

-   NIKKI HALEY, who became Trump's U.N. ambassador, had a note that she'd said

question: Which red flags mentioned in the article are problematic based on the candidate?

answer: There are problematic candidates for Trump's cabinets due to their ties such as Rex Tillerson (many ties to Russia), Kris Kobach (alleged ties to white supremacist groups), Seema Verma (business conflicts of interest), and Sonny Perdue (business conflicts of interests). Furthermore, there are red flags for Scott Pruitt (who was the EPA administrator until he lost his job because of ethical abuses and cozying up to lobbyists) about being close with big energy companies and Rudy Guiliani (many alleged foreign entanglements). There are red flags involving the character of the candidate such as Laura Ingraham, who thinks wearing diapers is better than sharing bathrooms with transgender people, and Gary Cohn, who is abrasive and engages in questionable behavior like putting his leg on a trader's desk, his thigh close to an employee's face while questioning them about the market.

question: Which red flags mentioned in the article are problematic due to the raising of the red flag and why?

answer: Mick Mulvaney's dossier includes his criticism of Trump ("not a very good person") as a red flag. David Petraeus' dossier red flags his opposition to torture.

question: What does the article say about the kinds of things Trump's transition team worried about the people in the President-elect's cabinet?

answer: The most commonly flagged issue is a conflict of interest, whether it's business ties or foreign political ties. The behavioral characteristics of a candidate are the second most common issue, either in the form of questionable behavior or a critical view of Trump. Undesirable views make the rest of the red flags.

question: What does the article say about President Trump's election campaign?


text:
OGULCAN BEKAR (born 1 September 2000) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club SC Rheindorf Altach and the Austria U18 national team.[1]

Career

Club career

On 7 January 2020 SC Rheindorf Altach confirmed the signing of Bekar.[2] Since 2019, Bekar have had a heart failure, which continued to bother him after his arrival at Altach. For that reason, he was out for the first six month since his transfer.

Personal life

Born in Austria, Bekar is of Turkish descent.[3]

[1]

[2] Altach präsentiert ein Trio, laola1.at, 7 January 2020

[3]

title: Ogulcan Bekar

question: What medical condition did Bekar have?

answer: Bekar has had a heart failure since 2019, and it was continued to bother him after his arrival at Altach.

question: Where was Bekar born?

answer: Bekar was born in Austria and is of Turkish decent.

question: How many goals has Bekar scored in his career?

answer: Not answered.

question: How many games has Bekar played with SC Rheindorf Altach?

answer: Not answered.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about Ogulcan Bekar, an Austrian footballer who plays as a forward for the Austrian Bundesliga club SC Rheindorf Altach, as well as the Austria U18 national team.


text:
The 13th Affair

The phone was still dead. For a moment, I thought I heard a voice on the other end this time, but it was just Bela Lugosi on the television. Nothing more than Inspector Delzante.

"Check the other one, in the kitchen," Joe said. I passed the joint to him as I left the room. But there was no dial tone in the kitchen either.

"Do you think that fucking kid next door cut the line again?" I asked Joe.

"Maybe... I dunno. I don't call anybody."

I hung up the phone and grabbed another handful of chips. "I'll call the phone company in the morning."
Putting it out of my mind, I chose which kind of dip I would use and made the potato chips quickly disappear.

"Did you pay the bill?" He asked me.

I took a moment to think, but I couldn't remember. I remembered a bill, and I remembered thinking about writing a check, but what I could not remember was whether I sent it to them. I must have... I made a call just an hour ago, or so I think.

"How you going to call the phone company?" he suddenly asked.

"Um. Neighbor's house, I guess. That is, unless theirs aren't working either."

"Why don't you call and find out?"

"Shut up, man. I’m not stupid."

Then passed me the joint again, saying, “Not yet.”

I laughed and got my temporary fill, then passed it back to him.

“What time is it?” Joe blurted out. “It’s awfully dark out.”

“Seven forty-three,” I said, pointing to the clock above the television. But at that moment the television became empty, blank, and utterly objective. Margaret Wycherly ceased pleading with the inspector, for she disappeared. The inspector disappeared too. Calcutta was no longer in my living room. Come to think of it, there was no longer any light in the entire house, it seemed. Apparently, power no longer existed. I stood up.

“Joseph, my dear boy, there is a mystery at hand. Something has happened. Something has happened, indeed. The phone, it is dead. The power, it is out…”

Suddenly, the window by the door shattered as a brick found its way to my floor.

“Is that evidence?” Joe asked.

“Indeed it is,” I replied. “It leads me to believe I should look outside.” As I was about to open the door, it opened itself. Rather, someone else opened it. I could tell she was very angry with me.

“That’s the last time you cheat on me, you son of a bitch!” She stalked through the door—shaking a can of spray-paint with her right hand and dropping a pair of bolt cutters to the floor with her left. She had a large knife hanging from her belt. She had showed me that knife before; it belonged to her father. Indeed, a very classic and threatening knife—leather belt pouch, six inch blade, and a wooden handle with the inscription: “U.S.M.C.”

I tried to avoid harm any way I could, saying: “whoa,” “easy,” “calm down.” I may have even gone so far as to say, “I love you.” I can’t remember. But she wouldn’t have any of it.

“Who the hell is this Francine bitch!” she demanded to know. “You been fucking her behind my back, who is she!”

“You’re cheating on Francine?” Joe cried to me. “She’s so cool!”

“Helen, listen,” I said. I had my hands up when I spoke; for, I knew what she could and would do with that knife should I anger her. Chances are she hadn’t been taking her medication.

“That’s Helen?” Joe asked.

I quickly said yes so he would shut up, so I could deal with the situation at hand. But the idiot went on.

“I thought Helen was black,” he whispered. Helen stopped shaking the can.

“What did you say?” she asked him, and most certainly not me. But I didn’t care.

“What he said, honey, was—”

“Quiet!” she screamed, pointing the can of paint at me, as if it were really as fatal, and therefore threatening, as a knife or firearm. But then she lowered it, straightening her stance while she relaxed her eyes. “I heard what he said. And you know what, I’m the Helen you’re going to remember the most!”

“So there are two Helens,” Joe said decisively. “Two Helens” he says again, slower, while gently rubbing his chin hair.

“Shut up, Joe!” I finally blurted out.

“You shut up!” she screamed. “Every time you slept with another woman, you told me it was the last. Every time I believed you. But it was all a lie! How many others are there that I don’t know about?”

She truly wanted to know. But what would I tell her, that I lost count? That hookers don’t matter? That I most certainly must be addicted to sexual contact in all of its many extreme forms? I am simply a sexual glutton and must have it all. I’ve always been that way, but Helen’s the first to take it personally.

“How many, you son of a bitch!” She screamed, brandishing the knife.

“Holy Jesus!” Joe screamed. He ran to dial 911, but when he put the receiver to his ear he immediately hung it up and struck his
forehead with his own palm, declaring: “Duh.”

That was enough patience for her. She began spray painting the television first. Perhaps it will wash off, but I couldn’t be sure. Then it seemed, for her, the next logical step would be to start painting my walls. Of course it was a wonderful crimson; she always had such a good taste in color. It even looked pretty, compared to the drab white of my walls. But I would have done it in a less helter-skelter manner, being sure to coat evenly and fully—to trim neatly around the switches, outlets, and few picture frames. But then again, I’d be a fool to assume she had any renovating motives. I’d be even more of a fool to assume she would stop soon and peacefully. I would need a weapon. I had nothing as deadly as a marine’s blade, but I could compensate with reach. I grabbed the putter I stole from the Pitch-n-Putt. It had the blue handle I liked. I didn’t think you could buy them anywhere, and I’m cheap, so I relieved the pro shop of the trouble of inventorying one more hollow aluminum stick.
Joe must have understood the grave possibilities of the situation, for he quickly ran the kitchen door to get help. Well, for all I know the bastard could have just been saving his own ass. And why not? My ass made the mess and must eat its own shit right back up. His ass owed mine nothing.

“You’re crazy, bitch! Get out or you’re gonna get hurt!” I was prepared to do it, but I wasn’t sure if I meant it—that I would offend her, rather than simply defend my person. She would have to do more than just refuse to leave. When she saw that I was prepared to protect myself and my belongings as a cause, she effectively stopped vandalizing my walls and turned to me with the knife. Without a breath to spare, she rushed at me; and although I putted her arm away from my chest, the knife gashed a developing love handle.

I then realized that, knife or not, I could not subdue her myself short of killing her. My only hope was to publicize the event, have others get help before Joe’s hypothetical emergency squad arrived. I was not in the position to give anyone the benefit of a doubt. Anyway I’ll need as many witnesses as I can get.

I bolted for the door, screaming for help. Well pity, really. I quickly scanned the rows of crumbling brick townhouses—perhaps as many as one third of those which were not condemned, actually housed people. Only one house had its lights on.
Somewhere between the time my brain ordered motion and the time my nerves carried it out, a sharp pain found its way in my back. Rather, a sharp knife. It turned out it was put there, by Helen. As I maintained balance on all fours, I could hear her running towards the refuge of refuse; East, I think, towards the disorienting plethora of tangs that is the dump.

“Oh, how I long for the days I lived in a brownstone!” I said to myself.

I decided that if indeed this is my last moment on earth, my stage would need proper lighting. Only one streetlight was on. I crawled, flagstone after flagstone, gasping for air, plasma, or divine mercy—whichever happened to come first. But none came at all, not even the air. As I leaned my numbing back against the streetlamp, I cast my weary eyes on the house across the street, the only one with the lights on, before everything disappeared. In the window was an Irish Setter. I thought I heard sirens. But maybe it was just the ferryman.

title: [RF] The 13th Affair

question: Summarize the theories about the phone being dead.

answer: When the phone lines go out, the narrator first theorizes that the kid next door could have done it. The narrator says he will call the phone company in the morning. Joe then theorizes that maybe he didn't pay the phone bill, but the narrator can't remember if he did or not.

question: Summarize the story's main conflict.

answer: The main conflict begins when a brick flies through the narrator's and Joe's window. The narrator's girlfriend Helen is attacking their home because the narrator has been cheating on her. As she confronts him about it, the narrator realizes she has a large knife along with bolt cutters and spray paint. It's revealed that the narrator has cheated on her with multiple women. The narrator tries his best to avoid getting hurt by Helen, but she eventually stabs him and leaves him to die.

question: Summarize Helen's outburst before Joe runs to dial 911.

answer: Helen starts her confrontation by throwing a brick into Joe and the narrator's window. She has spray paint, bolt cutters, and a large knife. She confronts the narrator about cheating on her, and says it will be the last time he will do that to her. When she learns that the narrator had been cheating on her with not only Francine, but another Helen, she announces she will be the Helen that he remembers. She then begins to interrogate him on how many women he's cheated on her with.

question: Summarize the narrator's injuries.

answer: The narrator's first injury comes after he fends off Helen's attempt to stab him in the chest. She instead ends up gashing him in his love handle. When he feels a sharp pain in his back, he realizes Helen has stabbed him there. This causes him to lose his balance and walk on all fours. He eventually leans his back against a streetlamp and seemingly passes out from the injury.

question: What does the text say about Joe's reaction to the narrator's death?


text:
I just spit this out and it could potentially be longer; lemme me know if you think it's too weird and rambly or if you would read more. It's rough... Thanks so much!

Popping a crisp, clear pop, the egg-yolk sun announced the new day like a Sprite can snapping open in the quietest section of the library.  The egg-yolk too broke open with a sizzle and ran down the length of the high-desert valley, catching the attention of a dozing cactus that probably could have used a few more minutes of sleep.  A dazed lizard rolled over and punched his alarm clock, grabbing his slippers he rose just long enough to bop the ‘pre-heat’ button on the desert thermostat preparing the desert oven for another scorching, hot day.  This lizard had been in charge of turning on heating the desert for years and couldn’t remember a day when they just left it off, slept in, and skipped the 117 degrees; but who was he to argue with tradition?

Humming past Mr. Saguaro and Mr. Gecko exchanging familiar glances, Lauren drank in the languid air of the pre-heating desert and snapped his gloved hand back a little further awakening the emptiness in his stomach and sending his bike careening through the adobe colored valley just a bit too fast for the warmth to keep up.

This is the story of a man with a woman’s name and a woman with a woman’s name.  They are both average people, with nothing in particular to separate them from the proverbial crowd; at least that is what the movie poster would have you believe, if there was a movie poster for this story.  However no film will be made about these two people and even if it was, they sure wouldn’t go see it!  But I still can’t help but dream of the poster, a huge slab of inked up tree bark, hung in a crowded mall surrounded by thick glass with tiny light bulbs twinkling around the edge. On said poster an uglied-up Johnny Depp would be crouched over a 1980 Honda CX 500 and a deliciously humble-looking Reese Witherspoon seated on the back of this sputtering bike.  With her arms wrapped around him, she hopes he knows where he’s going and wonders if this thing has breaks.  The cactus, Mr. Saguaro, in the desert background that they appear to be speeding though, casts a smokey shadow across the poster and leading toward the title, written in the same muted grey color (TITLE OF SAID FILM)

As he pulled into a Denny’s, the sun catching up to him now, he turned the key and yanked it from the ignition, swung his leg over the bike, and knocked the kickstand down with the grace of a man who had driven through the desert for most of the night.

You see, while this story is begun with an image of a man careening through the desert on an ancient motorcycle searching for his place in the world, having read a few too many pages of ‘Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance’; just an average man with an average name, for a woman, he is not the who this story is about.  He sought a catalyst to break him into greatness and he is a great candidate for a great American coming-of-age novel. This story however is really is more about a girl by the name of Amber.

An extremely predictable girl by all appearances, she is an even better candidate for a story; primarily because she is not at all suited to be a main character.  She really was quite beige-average, though more attractive than most, and never went above herself to make any lasting effect on anyone.  However humble, Amber did have one particular quality that I began to sense more and more as I created her: though moderately predictable, she walked a cliff in her mind; most of us do.  But she occupied this rift day in and day out, she had even invested in a yellow lawn chair during a clearance sale and set up camp next to this psychological crevice, complete with ice-chest and umbrella, periodically peeking over to see if the bottom was any clearer.  Everyone has one, a cliff that is, a piece of them that if looked at deep enough and long enough will send them inching closer and closer toward the edge, brimming with fascination; most of us don't do this.  Amber did.

Ever since she was a little girl she had teetered on this edge, a grassy canyon's edge that dropped off onto a bottom far, far below, that she could barely catch sight of.  Today was the day though, and as an unsuspecting Lauren walked into the desert diner, with a tinkle of a bell and a thud of the door, he shocked poor Amber over the edge.

Leafing through a David Foster Wallace book, she wasn’t reading so much as noticing that, for the first time in her life, the conditions in her mind were translucent enough to make out most of the ledge down below she thought as she leaned further than she could ever remember. Startled by the man’s “hello,” his simple greeting finally sent her toppling over, though she wouldn’t realize this until much later on the back of a motorcycle on its way toward San Francisco.  And after all those years of wondering what was down there, she began to have second thoughts.

But in the spirit of a good story, we won’t ruin that part for her without a good explanation as to how she got there.  It was in fact such an anti-climatic moment that, had the movie opened with this scene, Johnny Depp and Reese Whitherspoon would have been scouring the streets for work, looking rather humble themselves.  But this scene wasn’t a movie yet, it was taking place in real time and real space, and these two things have a way of making even the most mediocre moments pop, and as we know, they too have a way of sending girls toppling over the edges of cliffs.

“Hi..,” spoke Lauren, wondering whether it was entirely necessary to tear this young waitress from her book, or if maybe he could just slip past her and ask the cook to crack a couple eggs for him as he poured his own coffee.  “Oh! Hello, sorry I was a bit absorbed...we don’t usually get customers this early,” she said with a sleepy smile.  “If you want to come right this way I can seat you in a booth right over here.  Is it okay if I put you next to the kitchen?”  He nodded.  “I suppose I should have asked if it was just you today or if someone else will be joining you,” though they both knew the answer to that question.  She handed him a laminated menu and guessed that he wanted a cup of coffee, smiling.  He looked up and cracked a similar, tired smile sighing, “a whole pot might be a better idea.”  “I’ll see what we can do about that,” she perked up.  Lauren noticed arresting stare and her focused, knowing eyes. “By the way, my name is Amber and I’ll be in charge of you this morning.”

“Amber”, he thought. If it wasn’t enough that she held his gaze like a tired seal holds an ice shelf, even her name screamed a breezy calm, “buy me a taco at El Palomar and hustle me over to the Santa Cruz lighthouse and sit next to me as the Wednesday lunch rush packs itself into a van and guzzles off, leaving us alone with the waves and the gulls waiting for their share of this tortilla.”

title: A Story About a Man with a Woman's Name and a Woman with a Woman's Name; A Gecko and Cactus too (1200 words)

question: Who is Lauren?

answer: Lauren is the man with a woman's name. He drives his motorcycle into a Denny's parking lot.

question: Describe the setting of the story.

answer: The story is set at Denny's in the middle of the desert.

question: Who is Amber?

answer: Amber is the waitress that serves Lauren.


text:
The city of Baltimore, Maryland includes a large and growing Caribbean-American population. The Caribbean-American community is centered in West Baltimore. The largest non-Hispanic Caribbean populations in Baltimore are Jamaicans, Trinidadians and Tobagonians, and Haitians. Baltimore also has significant Hispanic populations from the Spanish West Indies, particularly Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Cubans. Northwest Baltimore is the center of the West Indian population of Baltimore, while Caribbean Hispanics in the city tend to live among other Latinos in neighborhoods such as Greektown, Upper Fell's Point, and Highlandtown. Jamaicans and Trinidadians are the first and second largest West Indian groups in the city, respectively.[1] The neighborhoods of Park Heights and Pimlico in northwest Baltimore are home to large West Indian populations, particularly Jamaican-Americans.

Demographics

In the 1960 United States Census, Baltimore was home to 429 Puerto Ricans.[2]

There were 17,141 West Indian Americans in the Baltimore metropolitan area in 2000. This count excludes Caribbean people from Hispanic countries, such as Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba, however, if included the Caribbean population would be about 23,000.[3] In the same year Baltimore's West Indian population was 6,597, 1% of the city's population.[4]

In 2000, Jamaicans were the largest West Indian group in Baltimore making up 1% of the city's population.[5]

In 2010, Puerto Ricans were 0.6% of Baltimore's population with 3,137 people. 0.2% were Dominican at 1,111 people, while 0.1% were Cuban at 824 people.

In 1994, there were 30,000 West Indians in the Greater Baltimore area.[6]

In September 2014, immigrants from the West Indies, other than Jamaicans, Trinidadians and Tobagonians, and Haitians, were the sixty-eighth largest foreign-born population in Baltimore. Jamaican immigrants were the second largest foreign-born population in Baltimore, after Mexicans. Trinidadian and Tobagonian immigrants were the third largest, Guyanese immigrants were the twenty-first largest and Haitian immigrants were the thirty-seventh largest.[7]

History

Caribbean immigrants have lived in Baltimore since colonial times. During the time of the French Revolution, there was a slave revolt on the French colony of Saint-Domingue, in what is now Haiti. Many French-speaking Black Catholic and white French Catholic refugees from San Domingo left for Baltimore. In total, 1,500 Franco-Haitians fled the island.[8] The Haitian refugee population was multiracial and included white French-Haitians and their Afro-Haitian slaves, as well as many free people of color, some of whom were also slaveowners.[9] Along with the Sulpician Fathers, these refugees founded St. Francis Xavier Church. The church is the oldest historically Black Catholic church in the United States.[10] During the Haitian Revolution, Baltimore passed an ordinance declaring that all slaves imported from the West Indies, including Haiti, were “dangerous to the peace and welfare of the city” and ordered slave-owners to banish them.[11]

The first Caribbean Hispanics began to arrive in Baltimore during the 1960s. Beginning in the 1960s, middle-class anti-Castro professionals began immigrating to Baltimore from Cuba. They were soon followed by middle-class immigrants from Puerto Rico.[12] 1980 saw a second wave of Cuban immigration. Most were outcasts from Cuba, mainly poor and uneducated and many being former prisoners.[13]

Many Jamaicans have settled in the Park Heights neighborhood. The northern portion of the neighborhood is predominantly white and Jewish and the lower portion is predominantly African-American. The Jamaicans, the majority of whom are Black, have mostly settled in the lower portion of the neighborhood with other people of African descent.[14]

Caribbean Hispanics in Baltimore, particularly Puerto Ricans and Dominicans, some of whom come from other states like New York and New Jersey, are mostly concentrated in outer Southeast neighborhoods east of Haven Street towards southeastern Baltimore County, including Greektown and Joseph Lee.

Culture

An annual Baltimore Caribbean Carnival Festival is held in Druid Hill Park. The festival attracts around 20–25,000 people and includes food, music, and a parade.[15][16] The event has been held since 1981 when it was formed by the West Indian Association of Maryland, an organization for people of West Indian or Guyanese descent.[17]

By proclamation of Baltimore Mayor Kurt L. Schmoke, September 10–12 have been designated as “West Indian/Caribbean Days”.[18]

Trinidadian-Americans have established the Trinidad and Tobago Association of Baltimore and multiple Trinidadian businesses, including barbershops, groceries, and specialty stores. A newspaper called Caribbean Focus exists which caters to the community. Every year a festival is held to celebrate the culture of Trinidad and Tobago.[19]

The Baltimore-based _Komite Ayiti_ (Haitian Creole for “Haiti Committee”) is a Haitian-American organization with around 200 members in Maryland. _Komite Ayiti_ hostly monthly get-togethers where members can learn to speak Haitian Creole and can express their Haitian culture, including Haitian dance and cuisine. The committee was opposed to and joined in demonstrations against the Trump administration's decision to cancel temporary protected status for nearly 60,000 Haitians living in the United States.[20] The committee also celebrates an annual Haitian Independence Day event where traditional dishes such as soup joumou are served.[21]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

title: History of Caribbean Americans in Baltimore

question: Summarize the basic demographic makeup of West Indians living in Baltimore.

answer:
There is an estimated 17,000 West Indian Americans living in the Baltimore area in 2000, making up around 1% of the city's population. This number does not include West Indians from Puerto  Rico, Dominican Republic, and Cuba. Jamaicans are the largest West Indians in Baltimore and in 2010, Puerto Ricans makes up 0.6% of the city's population.
In 2014, Jamaican immigrants became the second-largest foreign-born population in Baltimore, after Mexicans. Trinidadian and Tobagonian immigrants were the third largest.

question: Summarize the history of the Caribbean immigrants in Baltimore.

answer: Caribbean immigrants have always lived in Baltimore since the slave revolt in the island of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti. Many French-speaking Black Catholic and White Catholic refugees (about 1500) fled from the island to Baltimore. With help of the Sulpician Fathers, these refugees founded the St. Francis Xavier Church which is the oldest Black Catholic church in the United States. Baltimore was not essentially kind to the refugees as it granted an ordinance that banned slaves from the West Indies from the city, calling them "dangerous to the peace and welfare of the city". The first Caribbean Hispanics arrived in Baltimore around the 1960s alongside anti-Castrol professionals from Cuba. They were followed by middle-class immigrants from Puerto Rico. !980 brought another wave of immigrants from Cuba to Baltimore. This time, the immigrants were outcasts, the poor, uneducated, and sometimes former prisoners. The northern parts of Baltimore are predominantly white and Jewish whereas the lower parts are African-American. The Jamaicans, who are majority Black, have settled in the lower portion with other people of African descent.

question: What caused the second wave of immigrants to Baltimore in the 1980s?


text:
CONSTRUCCIONES AERONÁUTICAS SA[1] (CASA) was a Spanish aircraft manufacturer that was founded in 1923 and began manufacturing aircraft the following year. In 1999 it became a subsidiary of the EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) under the name _EADS CASA_ and in 2009 was absorbed into Airbus Military. CASA is noted for designing and producing military transport aircraft such as the CASA C-212 Aviocar, the CASA CN-235, the CASA C-295 and the CASA C-101 trainer/ground attack aircraft.

History

[The Eurofighter Typhoon is assembled in Spain by EADS-CASA for the Spanish Air Force] [The first A400M, surrounded by EADS employees, during the aircraft's roll-out in Seville on 26 June 2008]

Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) was founded by José Ortiz-Echagüe in 1923 and began work on a factory in Getafe in May 1924, building Breguet aircraft under license. The first order covered 26 19 A.2s; total production of this type eventually reached 400 units.

CASA built a second factory in Cadiz in 1926 to construct a licensed copy of the German Dornier Do. J Wal seaplane. They built 17 aircraft for the Spanish Air Force, 12 for the Naval Aviation branch of the Spanish Navy and two for commercial use. CASA also operated several branch facilities in Spain for the repair and overhaul of aircraft. In 1929 the CASA-1 flew - the first CASA designed aircraft. King Alfonso XIII visited the main factory in 1930. CASA also built the French Breguet 19, two of which would be made especially famous. One, was the Breguet XIX GR (Grand Raid) named the _Jesus del Gran Poder_, currently preserved in the Museo del Aire de Cuatro Vientos (Madrid), which flew between Seville and Bahia, (in Brazil), in 1929. This aircraft was piloted by Captains Ignacio Jiménez and Francisco Iglesias and covered 6746 km in 43 hours 50 minutes. The other was the Breguet XIX Super Bidon, named _Cuatro Vientos_ (_Four Winds_); it was flown by Mariano Barberán and Joaquín Collar Serra to Havana in Cuba in 1933. In 1932 CASA obtained a license from the UK aircraft company, Vickers, to build 25 Vickers Vildebeest land-based torpedo bombers, which were powered by French Hispano 600 hp engines.

[CASA 2.111 a licensed production version of the He 111-H Bomber, re-engined in Spain with imported Rolls-Royce Merlins at the end of World War II. CASA built 236 of this aircraft between 1940 and 1956]

During the Spanish Civil War the CASA Getafe factory was located in the Republican zone. It was moved to Alicante, another opened in Sabadell. At the end of the war production returned to Getafe. CASA manufactured the Russian Polikarpov I-15 biplane fighter, producing 287 aircraft before the end of the civil war.

After the Spanish Civil War, CASA opened a new plant in Tablada in Seville, after obtaining various aircraft licenses from Germany and built 25 Gotha Go 145A as the CASA 1145, 25 Bücker Bü 133 as the CASA 1133 and 555 Bücker Bü 131 as the CASA 1131. Production of these aircraft continued until the late 1950s. The CASA 201, a twin engine transport, (its engines were the Spanish-made ENMASA VAT Tigre G-125). In 1940 CASA began the licensed manufacture of 200 Heinkel He 111 twin engine bombers with imported Rolls Royce Merlins, as the CASA 2.111. (These are the aircraft that were used as World War Two German Luftwaffe He 111s in various movies such as _Battle of Britain_ and _Patton_.)

Starting in 1943, the Spanish government began investing in CASA, first obtaining a 33 per cent share of the company, by 1992 this had increased to a controlling 99.2 per cent. In 1945 CASA opened a factory in Madrid dedicated to manufacturing the parts and sub-assemblies of their various aircraft and those that they had contracts to repair and overhaul. In 1946 CASA re-established the Projects Office and resumed the design of aircraft based on the firm's proprietary technology. In 1957 CASA won a contract from the United States Air Force for the maintenance of the F-100 Super Sabres based in Europe and Turkey and a contract from the Spanish Air Force to overhaul T-33s in the Spanish Air Force. They began the manufacture of the Northrop F-5A fighter-bomber under license in 1962. In 1971, CASA merged with Hispano Aviación.

CASA was one of the original members of the Airbus Consortium with France, Germany and the United Kingdom in 1972. In 1977, CASA was awarded the contract to design and build the C-101, a trainer and attack aircraft for the Spanish Air Force. CASA joined the Eurofighter 2000 project in 1996.

CASA has been a part of EADS, the European aerospace corporation, with Aérospatiale-Matra of France, Dornier GmbH and DASA of Germany since 1999. From then, the Spanish branch of EADS is called EADS-CASA. The current CEO and Chairman of EADS-CASA is Domingo Ureña-Raso.[2] EADS-CASA currently employs around 7,500 workers.

EADS was formed in July, 2000 following the merger of Aerospatiale Matra of France, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace of Germany and Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A. from Spain. It is the third largest aerospace company in the world with approximately 100,000 employees.

In July 2001 EADS-CASA Military Aircraft marked the beginning of the Eurofighter Typhoon Final Assembly Phase at Getafe.[3] It is one of four assembly lines for the Eurofighter (the other three are at Warton in the United Kingdom, Manching in Germany and Turin in Italy). Production was expected to be up to seven Typhoon wings per month and 12 aircraft per year. EADS CASA is producing the right wing for the Eurofighter and assembling 87 aircraft for the Spanish Air Force. First delivery was realized together with the other partner air forces in the second half of 2002.

Military Transport Aircraft Division

EADS CASA’s Military Transport Aircraft Division (MTAD) was based in Madrid. One of the aircraft it produces is the Airbus A330-200, which has been modified to provide air-to-air refuelling. It has provided one variant to the Royal Australian Air Force and another to the UK's Royal Air Force via the _AirTanker_ company. MTAD's main focus is in the light to medium end of the military transport market covering three to nine tonnes.

The MTAD managed the industrial and technical activities of participating companies for the A400M project. This responsibility is now managed by Airbus Military.[4]

Products

[Former CASA C-212 Aviocar of the Swedish Coast Guard] [CASA CN-235M-100 of the Spanish Air Force] [CASA C-295 of the Polish Air Force]

-   CASA I prototype of the CASA III
-   CASA III 1929 two-seat sporting monoplane
-   CASA 1.131 Jungmann license-built version of the Bücker Bü 131
-   CASA 1.133 Jungmeister license-built version of the Bücker Bü 133
-   CASA 2.111 license-built version of the Heinkel 111
-   CASA 352 license-built version of the Junkers Ju 52
-   CASA C-101 Aviojet
-   CASA C-102
-   CASA C-112 two-seat trainer
-   CASA C.127 license-built version of the Dornier Do 27
-   CASA C-201 Alcotán
-   CASA C-202 Halcón
-   CASA C-207 Azor
-   CASA C-212 Aviocar
-   CASA C-223 Flamingo license-built version of the MBB 223 Flamingo
-   CASA CN-235 regional airliner and military transport.
    -   EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry
-   CASA C-295 regional airliner and military transport.
-   Eurofighter Typhoon
-   CASA SF-5A; license-built version of the Northrop F-5A
-   CASA SF-5B; license-built version of the Northrop F-5B
-   CASA SRF-5A; license-built version of the Northrop RF-5A
-   unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)[5]

Others

-   Airbus; as subcontractor supplying parts for Airbus series of civilian passenger aircraft
-   Airbus Military; Subcontractor for Airbus A400M Atlas
-   Boeing; as subcontractor supplying parts for Boeing series of civilian passenger aircraft
-   Eurofighter GmbH; as subcontractor for the right wing of all production Eurofighter Typhoon

[1] Gunston 92

[2]

[3]

[4] Airbus A400M project

[5] https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/atlante-uav/

title: CASA (aircraft manufacturer)

question: Summarize the work CASA did before the Spanish Civil War.

answer: The first order for CASA covered 26 19 A.2s. In 1926 CASA built a second factory in Cadiz to construct a licensed copy of the German Dornier Do. J Wal seaplane. They built 17 aircraft for the Spanish Air Force and 12 for the Naval Aviation branch of the Navy. The first CASA designed aircraft was built in 1929, and in 1932 they obtained a license from the UK aircraft company to build 25 Vickers Vildebeest land-based torpedo bombers.

question: How did CASA become integrated in the wider European community?

answer: CASA has been a part of EADS since 1999, combining with French and German aviation branches. The Spanish branch of EADS is called EADS-CASA. EADS was formed in July 2000 following the merger with these three agencies. In 2009 CASA was absorbed into Airbus Military.