text:
CHILDRESS COUNTY ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,041.[1] The county seat is Childress.[2] The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1887.[3] It is named for George Campbell Childress, the author of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

County and regional history is preserved in the Childress County Heritage Museum in downtown Childress. The Bradley 3 Ranch, operated by matriarch Minnie Lou Bradley, is entirely in Childress County, but has a Memphis (Hall County) mailing address.

Republican Drew Springer, Jr., a businessman from Muenster in Cooke County, has since January 2013 represented Childress County in the Texas House of Representatives.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (2.4%) are covered by water.[5]

Major highways

-   [] U.S. Highway 62
-   [] U.S. Highway 83
-   [] U.S. Highway 287
-   [] State Highway 256

Adjacent counties

-   Collingsworth County (north)
-   Harmon County, Oklahoma (northeast)
-   Hardeman County (east)
-   Cottle County (south)
-   Hall County (west)

Demographics

As of the census[6] of 2000, 7,688 people, 2,474 households, and 1,650 families resided in the county. The population density was 11 people per square mile (4/km²). The 3,059 housing units averaged 4 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 67.70% White, 14.09% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.70% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. About 20.47% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 2,474 households, 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.40% were married couples living together, 11.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.30% were not families. About 30.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was distributed as 22.10% under the age of 18, 12.10% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 142.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 149.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,457, and for a family was $35,543. Males had a median income of $25,606 versus $20,037 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,452. About 13.70% of families and 17.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.30% of those under age 18 and 10.30% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

-   Childress (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

-   Carey
-   Tell
-   Kirkland

Politics

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |86.5% _1,802_   style=“text-align:center;” |12.1% _253_     1.4% _29_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |83.4% _1,665_   style=“text-align:center;” |16.0% _320_     0.6% _11_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |77.6% _1,782_   style=“text-align:center;” |21.7% _497_     0.7% _17_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |76.0% _1,629_   style=“text-align:center;” |23.8% _511_     0.2% _4_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |70.8% _1,506_   style=“text-align:center;” |28.3% _602_     0.9% _18_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |54.6% _1,072_   style=“text-align:center;” |36.7% _719_     8.7% _171_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |44.2% _1,033_   style=“text-align:center;” |37.7% _881_     18.1% _424_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |53.0% _1,201_   style=“text-align:center;” |46.8% _1,060_   0.3% _6_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |63.4% _1,574_   style=“text-align:center;” |36.3% _900_     0.3% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |53.2% _1,443_   style=“text-align:center;” |45.0% _1,222_   1.8% _48_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |39.7% _1,043_   style=“text-align:center;” |60.1% _1,578_   0.2% _5_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |69.8% _1,716_   style=“text-align:center;” |29.7% _729_     0.5% _13_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |37.9% _1,045_   style=“text-align:center;” |39.6% _1,093_   22.5% _621_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |32.5% _952_     style=“text-align:center;” |67.5% _1,977_   0.1% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |56.8% _1,571_   style=“text-align:center;” |43.0% _1,189_   0.3% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |45.6% _1,268_   style=“text-align:center;” |54.1% _1,503_   0.3% _9_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |50.1% _1,890_   style=“text-align:center;” |49.8% _1,879_   0.1% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |9.8% _273_      style=“text-align:center;” |86.2% _2,415_   4.0% _113_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |10.7% _299_     style=“text-align:center;” |82.1% _2,295_   7.3% _203_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |10.9% _335_     style=“text-align:center;” |89.0% _2,729_   0.1% _3_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |9.1% _209_      style=“text-align:center;” |90.0% _2,076_   1.0% _22_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |6.8% _153_      style=“text-align:center;” |92.6% _2,072_   0.6% _13_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |66.5% _1,438_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.6% _726_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |13.0% _178_     style=“text-align:center;” |81.8% _1,117_   5.2% _71_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |11.0% _158_     style=“text-align:center;” |84.0% _1,206_   5.0% _72_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |2.9% _31_       style=“text-align:center;” |89.5% _948_     7.6% _80_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |4.2% _34_       style=“text-align:center;” |89.9% _721_     5.9% _47_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[7]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

title: Childress County, Texas

question: Are there any unusual statistics that jump out when looking at the 2010 census figures of Childress County?

answer: One of the most unusual figures is that the ratio of females to males is quite low - 100 to 142.20 for under 18s and 100 to 149.50 for age 18 ad above.


split: test

text:
INTERSTATE 65 (I-65) is a major north–south Interstate Highway in the central United States. As with most interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north-south route, connecting the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Lakes. Its southern terminus is located at an interchange with I-10 in Mobile, Alabama, and its northern terminus is at an interchange with I-90, U.S. Route 12 (US 12), and U.S. Route 20 (the Dunes Highway) in Gary, Indiana, just southeast of Chicago. I-65 connects several major metropolitan areas in the Midwest and Southern United States. It connects the four largest cities in Alabama: Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham, and Huntsville. It also serves as one of the main north–south routes through Nashville, Tennessee; Louisville, Kentucky and Indianapolis, Indiana; each a major metropolitan area in its respective state.

Route description

|- | AL | 366.22 | 590.63 |- | TN | 121.71 | 195.87 |- | KY | 137.32 | 221.00 |- | IN | 261.27 | 420.47 |- | TOTAL | 887.30 | 1427.97 |}

Alabama

[Approaching an exit for I-65 in downtown Birmingham]

In the state of Alabama, I-65 passes through or near four of the state's major metropolitan areas: Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham, and Huntsville. I-65 begins its path northward in Mobile at its junction with I-10. From I-10, I-65 runs west of downtown Mobile and through the northern suburbs of the city before turning northeasterly towards Montgomery. In Montgomery, I-65 connects with the southern terminus of I-85. In Birmingham, I-65 has an interchange with I-20/I-59. North of downtown, I-22 branches off I-65 towards Memphis. From Birmingham, I-65 continues north, crossing the Tennessee River near Decatur. A few miles north of the river, it interchanges with I-565, a short spur route which provides access to Huntsville. It then continues northwards out of the Tennessee Valley to the state of Tennessee, towards Nashville.

Tennessee

[Interstate 65 southbound in Nashville.]

I-65 enters Tennessee from the south near the town of Ardmore and passes through mostly rural territory for . It then passes Lewisburg. Then it passes close to Columbia and crosses Saturn Parkway, which brings travelers to the town of Spring Hill. I-65 then continues on to reach I-840 and progresses until it intersects SR 96 at Franklin. Then the highway goes through Brentwood, Nashville, Madison, Goodlettsville, White House, and then close to Portland, it crosses into the state of Kentucky at milepost 120.5.

Kentucky

[Interstate 65 northbound at the former William H. Natcher Parkway (now Interstate 165) in Bowling Green, Kentucky, 2007.]

I-65 enters the state south of Franklin. Throughout its length, it passes near Mammoth Cave National Park, Bernheim Forest, the National Corvette Museum and the Fort Knox Military Reservation.

The first major intersection in the state is with I-165 (former Natcher Parkway) at Bowling Green. I-65 has intersections with three of the parkways in the state. The first major junction is with the Cumberland Parkway near Rocky Hill. At Elizabethtown, it has two more parkway interchanges with the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway and the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway. I-65 also has interchanges with I-265, I-264, I-64, and I-71.

The widest stretch of Interstate 65 in its entirety is in Louisville at Kentucky Route 1065 (KY 1065, Outer Loop), where the main line is 14 lanes wide. The highway crosses the Ohio River into Indiana on a toll bridge. The southbound side is called the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (southbound) and the northbound side is called the Abraham Lincoln Bridge. The latter bridge opened in October 2016 as part of the Ohio River Bridges Project. Prior to the project, the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (completed in 1963) carried traffic in both directions. The project also included reconstruction of the I-65/I-64/I-71 convergence interchange just south of the Kennedy Bridge, plus renovating the older span to carry six lanes of southbound traffic. Additionally, a second six-lane cable-stayed bridge upstream on the Ohio, the Lewis and Clark Bridge, was built as part of the project, opening in December 2016 to complete the I-265 loop around Louisville.

At one time, the sixty-five-mile stretch of I-65 from Louisville to Elizabethtown was a toll road, called the Kentucky Turnpike. The bonds that financed the road have been paid off, and tolls are no longer collected. All signs of the former turnpike have been removed.

On November 15, 2006, the stretch of I-65 from Bowling Green to Louisville was renamed the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Expressway.

On February 12, 2007, a bill passed the Kentucky Senate to rename I-65 in Jefferson County the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway.[1] Signs were posted July 25, 2007.[2]

On July 15, 2007, Kentucky highway officials raised the speed limits on most Interstate and State Parkway highways to . Prior to that, Kentucky was the only state along I-65 that had a maximum speed limit of .

Indiana

[Interstate 65 just outside Indianapolis, Indiana]

I-65 enters Indiana at Jeffersonville and Clarksville. Miles 0–9 were rebuilt, widened and realigned from north of Sellersburg to the Ohio River during 2008–10, giving great traffic relief to the fast-growing Indiana suburbs of Louisville. Over 300,000 of the 1.5 million persons in Louisville's CMSA live in its Indiana counties.

A section of I-65 in downtown Indianapolis runs concurrent with I-70. The junctions are often referred to as the “North Split” and the “South Split”, forming a section of Interstate locally known as the “Inner Loop” or “The Spaghetti Bowl” due to the visual complexity of the intersecting ramps and overpasses.

In mid-March 2007, a section of I-70 from the North Split to I-465 east of downtown was restricted to automobiles only for the “Super 70” project, a massive rebuild and expansion of that freeway.[3] Trucks over were forced to divert through I-65 if coming from the north and use the circular I-465 to the south to reconnect to I-70 eastbound. Westbound traffic from I-70 was required to loop north or south along I-465 to get to I-65 or I-70. The Super 70 project was completed in November 2007.

In the middle of 2003, the portion of I-65 that runs concurrently with I-70 was closed to all traffic due to the “HyperFix” project. During that time, a new concrete surface was installed and the overpasses were upgraded.

In 1999, the segment of I-65 between the two I-465 interchanges was renamed the Kenneth “Babyface” Edmonds Highway.

North of Lafayette near Brookston, the road passes through the Meadow Lake Wind Farm for several miles, with the turbines and standards spaced out in order to avoid a collapse onto the highway. The Fowler Ridge Wind Farm is also visible on both sides of the highway.

From its crossing into Lake County, Indiana, over the Kankakee River to its northern terminus, the highway is known as the Casimir Pulaski Memorial Highway.

Prior to 2004, the northern terminus of Interstate 65 was only north of I-90 (Indiana Toll Road). Traffic going from I-90 to I-65 had to stop at a traffic signal to make a left turn. Traffic from I-65 to I-90 bypassed the traffic signal via an isolated right-turn lane. In 2004, the interchange was fully grade-separated, so it is now one interchange involving I-65, I-90, US 12, and US 20, thereby eliminating a connection gap in the Interstate Highway system.

Junction list

Alabama

    in Mobile

    in Mobile

    in Mobile

    in Prichard

    in Prichard

    north-northeast of Satsuma

    west-southwest of Evergreen

    on the Hope Hull–Montgomery line

    in Montgomery. The highways travel concurrently through Montgomery.

    in Montgomery. I-65/US 82 travels concurrently to Prattville.

    in Montgomery

    north of Prattville

    in Clanton

    in Calera

    in Alabaster

    in Hoover

    on the Hoover–Vestavia Hills city line

    in Birmingham

    in Birmingham

    in Birmingham

    in Fultondale

    in Smoke Rise. The highways travel concurrently through Smoke Rise.

    in Cullman

    south-southeast of Lacon

    on the Decatur–Huntsville city line

    in Athens

    in Athens. The highways travel concurrently to Ardmore, Tennessee.

Tennessee

    west of Frankewing

    in Columbia

    in Nashville

    in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.

    in Nashville

    in Nashville

    in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville.

    in Nashville

    in Nashville

    in Goodlettsville

Kentucky

    south-southeast of Franklin

    in Bowling Green

    in Bowling Green

    in Oakland

    in Munfordville

    in Elizabethtown

    in Elizabethtown

    in Louisville

    in Louisville

    in Louisville

    / in Louisville

Indiana

    in Jeffersonville. The highways travel concurrently to west of Jeffersonville.

    in Clarksville

    south-southeast of Crothersville

    in Seymour

    in Taylorsville

    in Indianapolis

    in Indianapolis. The highways travel concurrently through Indianapolis.

    in Indianapolis

    north-northwest of Royalton. I-65/US 52 travels concurrently to Lebanon.

    south of Wolcott

    east of Remington

    north of Remington

    in Crown Point

    in Merrillville

    in Gary

    in Gary

    in Gary

Auxiliary routes

-   , serving the Alabama communities of Pritchard and Mobile

-   , a spur in Alabama that begins in Decatur and ends in Huntsville

-   , a spur in Kentucky that begins in Bowling Green and ends in Owensboro

-   , the beltway around the Louisville area in Kentucky and Indiana. In Kentucky, the highway is called the Gene Snyder freeway, and the Lee H. Hamilton Highway in Indiana

-   , a full beltway around Indianapolis

-   , a connection between I-65 and I-465 on the northwest side of Indianapolis, formerly numbered I-465

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Interstate 65

question: What are the main features of interstates highways that end with number five?

answer: Most of the interstate highways with numbers ending with five are major cross-country roads connecting one extreme of the country to another. They also tend to connect several major metropolitan areas across different states.

question: List some of the states (and their cities) that Interstate 65 (I-65) runs through.

answer: The Interstate 65 (I-65) runs through the state of Alabama, passing through or near Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham, and Huntsville. The I-65 runs through Tennessee and the state of Kentucky, starting from Franklin, crossing the Ohio River down to Elizabethtown. The I-65 also passes through Indiana State at Jeffersonville and Clarksville, crossing into Lake County, over the Kankakee River to its northern terminus.


text:
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez made quite the splash at this year’s SXSW conference, and it wasn’t just for her attacks on capitalism or labeling Ronald Reagan a racist.

No, the youngest congresswoman in history is making a much bigger statement with her actions, and it’s clear they have nothing to do with the socialist policies she espouses in her Green New Deal.

Twitter user Antonia Ferrier – a PR rep and “recovering Senate GOP flak” – was the latest to take note of the millennial lawmaker’s blatant hypocrisy when she posted a picture Monday of AOC’s arrival at the conference this weekend.

  She arrived in a big, gas guzzling SUV. #GreenNewDeal #SXSW19 pic.twitter.com/6wVNt0Ly2B

  — Antonia Ferrier (@ahrferrier) March 11, 2019

“She arrived in a big, gas guzzling SUV. #GreenNewDeal #SXSW19” Ferrier posted.

The image shows Ocasio-Cortez stepping out of the massive vehicle with an aide in tow – waiving as an attendant held the door open with a plastic bottle in clear view.

A short time later, Ocasio-Cortez lectured about the failure of moderates to address climate change and explained why the outlandish proposals in her Green New Deal are a better approach.

  .@AOC’s critique of “moderates” is spot on.

  Moderates are more naive than the visionaries if they think tinkering around the edges will solve systemic problems in our democracy and economy.

  It’s time to rewrite the social contract, not manage decline.pic.twitter.com/3Xhd3R1WYK

  — Waleed Shahid (@_waleedshahid) March 9, 2019

“It feels like moderate is not a stance it just an attitude toward life that’s like ‘eh,’” she said. “But here’s the thing that upsets me is that we’ve become so cynical that we view ‘meh,’ or ‘eh,’ or we view cynicism as an intellectually superior attitude.

“And we view ambition as youthful naivete when … the greatest things we have ever accomplished as a society have been ambitious acts of visions,” she said. “The ‘meh’ is worshiped now. For what? Like, for what?”

Ironically, the ‘meh’ attitude seems to be the same perspective Ocasio-Cortez takes when it comes to her own efforts to do her part to save the planet. The Green New Deal is based on the premise that climate change will destroy the planet in just over a decade if Americans don’t take drastic action, including the elimination of gas cars and planes.

The New York Post pointed out the freshman congresswoman doesn’t exactly practice what she preaches. In a column last week, the news site slammed AOC for relying heavily on Uber, Lyft, and other car services during her campaign, despite the fact that a subway station was just 138 feet from her campaign office.

AOC’s campaign spent nearly $30,000 on gas vehicles compared to just $8,335 on the metro.

Once she beat incumbent Rep. Joe Crowley in the Democratic primary, her campaign spent another $25,000 on airline tickets.

Then there’s also her famous Instagram videos, in which AOC discusses saving the planet while making dinner.

From the Post:

_In a Feb. 24 Instagram video filmed in her kitchen, Ocasio-Cortez railed against plastic grocery bags — then appeared to toss two of the sacks, which can be recycled, into the trash._

_“It drives me crazy,” she said of plastic bags. “I wish they didn’t exist.”_

_In the video, Ocasio-Cortez peeled a sweet potato while calling for a “universal sense of urgency” to save the Earth._

question: Does Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez walk the talk when it comes to living green?

answer: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez does not practice what she preaches. The Green New Deal is based on the premise that climate change will destroy the planet in just over a decade if Americans don’t take drastic action, including the elimination of gas cars and planes. She sometimes arrives at venues in gas-guzzling SUVs despite being close to the station. She's been seen using water in plastic bottles and throwing away plastic bags.


text:
[Marilee Jones, who arrived at M.I.T. in 1979, became well known as a leader of the movement to tame the college admissions frenzy.]

Credit...Chitose Suzuki/Associated Press

-   April 27, 2007

Marilee Jones, the dean of admissions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, became well known for urging stressed-out students competing for elite colleges to calm down and stop trying to be perfect. Yesterday she admitted that she had fabricated her own educational credentials, and resigned after nearly three decades at M.I.T. Officials of the institute said she did not have even an undergraduate degree.

“I misrepresented my academic degrees when I first applied to M.I.T. 28 years ago and did not have the courage to correct my résumé when I applied for my current job or at any time since,” Ms. Jones said in a statement posted on the institute’s Web site. “I am deeply sorry for this and for disappointing so many in the M.I.T. community and beyond who supported me, believed in me, and who have given me extraordinary opportunities.”

Ms. Jones said that she would not make any other public comment “at this personally difficult time” and that she hoped her privacy would be respected.

Ms. Jones, 55, originally from Albany, had on various occasions represented herself as having degrees from three upstate New York institutions: Albany Medical College, Union College and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In fact, she had no degrees from any of those places, or anywhere else, M.I.T. officials said.

A spokesman for Rensselaer said Ms. Jones had not graduated there, though she did attend as a part-time nonmatriculated student during the 1974-75 school year. The other colleges said they had no record of her.

Phillip L. Clay, M.I.T.’s chancellor, said in an interview that a college degree was probably not required for Ms. Jones’s entry-level job in the admissions office when she arrived in 1979. And by the time she was appointed admissions dean in 1997, Professor Clay said, she had already been in the admissions office for many years, and apparently little effort was made to check what she had earlier presented as her credentials.

“In the future,” he said, “we will take a big lesson from this experience.”

Since last fall, Ms. Jones had been making speeches around the country to promote her book, “Less Stress, More Success: A New Approach to Guiding Your Teen Through College Admissions and Beyond,” written with a pediatrician, Dr. Kenneth R. Ginsburg. The book had added to her reputation as a kind of guru of the movement to tame the college admissions frenzy.

“Less Stress, More Success” addresses not only the pressure to be perfect but also a need to live with integrity.

“Holding integrity is sometimes very hard to do because the temptation may be to cheat or cut corners,” it says. “But just remember that ‘what goes around comes around,’ meaning that life has a funny way of giving back what you put out.”

Professor Clay said the dean for undergraduate education, Daniel Hastings, received information 10 days ago questioning Ms. Jones’s academic background. M.I.T. officials would not say who had provided the information.

“There are some mistakes people can make for which ‘I’m sorry’ can be accepted, but this is one of those matters where the lack of integrity is sufficient all by itself,” Professor Clay said. “This is a very sad situation for her and for the institution. We have obviously placed a lot of trust in her.”

On the campus, where Ms. Jones was widely admired, almost revered, for her humor, outspokenness and common sense, students and faculty members alike seemed both saddened and shocked.

“It’s like a Thomas Hardy tragedy, because she did so much good, but something she did long ago came back and trumped it,” said one friend, Leslie C. Perelman, director of Writing Across the Curriculum at M.I.T.

Mike Hurley, a freshman chemistry student, said, “It was surprising,” adding, “Everyone who was admitted here probably knows her, at least her name.”

Mr. Hurley said that the admissions office had been unusually accessible, with Ms. Jones’s “bright” personality and blogs for incoming students.

“Whenever someone’s integrity is questioned,” he said, “it sets a bad example, but I feel like the students can get past that and look at what she’s done for us as a whole.”

Rachel Ellman, who studies aerospace engineering, said, “I feel like she’s irreplaceable.”

Ms. Jones had received the institute’s highest honor for administrators, the M.I.T. Excellence Award for Leading Change, and many college admissions officers and high school college counselors said yesterday that whatever her personal shortcomings, her efforts deserved respect.

“She’s been working and presenting a lot of important ideas about our business,” said Rod Skinner, director of college counseling at Milton Academy, the Massachusetts prep school. “What I’m hoping is that the quality of the research and the book will hold up.”

Ms. Jones was hired by the admissions office in 1979 to recruit young women, who at the time made up only 17 percent of the institute’s undergraduates, compared with nearly half today.

Since she entered the field, admissions to M.I.T. and other elite institutions have become increasingly competitive, and she made her mark with her efforts to turn down the flame of competition.

Among other things, she told students that they did not need perfect SAT scores to get into M.I.T. She also redesigned the institute’s application form, leaving less space for students to list their extracurricular activities, so as not to imply that every student needed 10 activities to fill the 10 lines that used to be there.

Competition remains fierce, though. For the coming fall, M.I.T. accepted 12 percent of 12,443 applicants.

Those who attended this month’s events for admitted students said Ms. Jones had been in good spirits, especially at a Saturday night finale. There, Ms. Jones, who in younger days was a torch singer at upstate New York clubs, took part in a “battle of the bands,” singing, “You Can’t Always Get What You Want.”

question: Summarize Marilee Jones.

answer: Marilee Jones was the Dean of Admissions at M.I.T until her resignation in 2007, the time this article was written. When she applied for a job at M.I.T she misrepresented her credentials and went on to have a long career there, helping to pave the way for more young female students and in more recent years spearheading a campaign titled 'Less Stress, More Success'.

question: What was Less Stress, More Success.

answer: Jones wanted to make clear that one didn't need perfect SAT scores in order to get into M.I.T. The idea was to show students they didn't need to be perfect but should hold themselves with integrity in order to get into the college of their choice.

question: How do the faculty and students feel about this revelation?

answer: They feel sad. They note that her achievements should be respected and hope that her research will still hold up when held under scrutiny.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: An article about Marilee Jones, the dean of admissions a M.I.T who had to resign after it was revealed she had falsified her credentials 30 years earlier. The article represents Jones in a positive light; showing her achievements as well as the reactions of her peers and students.


text:
	It was like a fairytale love-story. One could also say, and this was often described as a reason of their happiness, that they sold their souls to the Devil himself for life-long fortune. They met at charity ball and months after their love was signed with the act of marriage. He worked at university as professor of arts and was an exquisite painter. Soon after marriage they announced her pregnancy and their lives and lives others around them were shining bright from happiness. The day of labour has written itself as the darkest day of their lives, for she gave birth to a dead child. For quite some time they withdrew from society and kept their lives for themselves.
When they were nearing third year of marriage they finally started to look as a happy couple like before. Words were told, that at their house, there is a wall of pure happiness, the masterpiece of their lives, painted on wall in living room. And as she never touched brush, nor the pallet before, it was a pure miracle that her skills were comparable of that of her husband. They worked day and night, like possessed and this work of art had soon become meaning of their lives. Only few closest friends were acknowledged of pure beauty that was being made there and they spoke of highest flatteries about it.
Shortly before it could be finished she became ill. Her health subsided faster and faster,  no doctor was able to help her. He went almost mad, physically attacking every doctor whose cure failed. After few weeks she asked of him, if they can continue on their work, for she sensed that her end is nearing. She wanted to spend her last moments with him doing what they loved most. And they continued and the day of her death is the same as the day of final stroke of brush on their wall.
He was shattered by loss, and closed himself from others. There are only few photos of their masterpiece from time shortly after her death and those are held under lock by authorities of law and also of art. Only his close friend since childhood, who was held for questioning for quite long time after events which are described in this story, was able to directly observe what happened after her death to his friend.
As many before and after him, he turned to alcohol to drown his sorrows and to forget. Then, during one particular tantrum, he went to storeroom, which held all artistic tools and gears, and got himself bucket full of black paint. He then proceeded to the wall and took long looks at it with bottle of booze in one hand, bucket of black paint in the other and tears in his eyes. He then spilled the whole bucket on the wall, took yet another one and another one, and there is said, that almost a dozen of large buckets filled with black paint were spilled and used to cover arguably the most beautiful thing human hands has ever made.
Next morning his friend came to visit him, to lend comforting hand and to try to help him recover from loss and pain. He found his friend, lying in living room, deep in slumber, covered with black stains. When he turned around, he gazed upon wall of pure blackness, where once were the wall of happiness. Interestingly, when he visited him week after week, he always found him lying on the ground, covered in black paint, almost unconscious from alcohol and new layer of fresh black paint was added to the wall. This started to really rise his concerns about his friend so he tried talking to him about this matter. He explained to him, that everytime he covers wall in all of it’s entirety with black paint, soon after that, the paint somehow dissipates and reveals painting underneath it. He told him, that everytime this happens, he feels as if his very soul was being shattered to small pieces. So he covers painting with black paint so his pain is more bearable.
Few weeks after continuous repetition of this ritual, his friend found him lying on the ground, back to top, head drowned in bucket of black paint, his body facing the wall painting. His friend then saw what was making him so anxious. The black colour was receded mostly from centre, around the edges it became more reddish and gave painting looks as if their mutual project was being swallowed by infernal flames.
Soon after police came to secure the area, they took many photos and couldn’t believe their eyes. For after they conducted experiment of following procedure. They put on a static tripod high quality camera, which took photos of the same wall every hour. Then they put resulting photos of whole week one by one as it is done in animation. Then, the most interesting thing was to be observed. Black paint really dissipated from center to outer edges, and formed more red hue, with orange and yellow parts, which altogether created effect of moving flames, for during time these splatters slowly moved across the whole wall. What caused this effect is still mystery and there is no doubt someone will break it someday, but for now this leaves interesting questions unanswered.

title: The Wall

question: Who met at the charity ball?

answer: A random couple.

question: What was her illness?

answer: Information can't be found.

question: Why is he covering the walls with black paint?

answer: The man claims painting the wall black makes the pain of losing his wife more bearable.

question: Why was the paint disappearing?

answer: Information can't be found.

question: Write a ~8 sentence summary.

answer: A couple meets at a charity ball and begin to fall deeply in love. They start a life together and decide to paint the wall of their living room as a couple. Shortly before it could be finished, the woman falls ill and doctors are unable to figure out what her illness is. They paint one last time together until eventually, she passes away. The man is shattered by this loss and begins drinking. One day his friend notices that he constantly paints the wall black and asks him why he is doing this. He explains that the black paint keeps dissipating and he needs to paint over the wall with black to make his pain more bearable. His friend decides to set up a camera to see if this is true, and to his surprise they see the black pain dissipate.


text:
First time posting, this is just a random bit of nothing that I wrote in my free time. Thought I might see what people thought.

Jim entered the the local grocer in his town. There was a mall named BigMart beside the little grocery. The shop seemed to be dwarfed by the bigger building, and must have felt like a little child sitting on Santa’s lap; shadowed by a man of power. Jim was not thinking about Santa, or even the mall for that matter, as he entered the little supermarket. The only thing that dominated Jim’s train of thought, was turnips. He personally was not all that keen on  turnips, but his parakeet, Molly, was quite taken with the vegetable. Molly would get depressed, and even lugubrious, if she did not eat turnips at least once a day. Jim was clean out of turnips, hence the need to go shopping. There weren’t that many customers in the little shop. None, in fact. In all of the six years that Jim had come to this store, he had only ever seen four other customers, and one of them was the owner’s aunt, who was even more wrinkled than he was. The store did not have a lack of superb items for purchase, but the BigMart had commandeered the shopping market. Jim was never put off by the absence of human contact when he came to this store, which he did quite frequently, as this was the only store in the whole town that sold turnips.
Jim lifted his hand in greeting to a dusty clothed pile of skin flaps, that sat atop a stool behind a counter. The shop owner, a short, wrinkly old man that never seemed to move from his little stool by the check-out, attempted to nod in Jim’s direction. Jim mozzied past bright packages, containing this and that, enjoying himself as one would in a park. ‘Shopping,’ he thought, ‘is not something that should be rushed.’ Jim paused in front of a rack that held a variety of chips, all originating from relatively unknown producers. ‘Uncle Pete’s Crunchies’ was the most common make, in this uncommon selection.
After fulfilling his curiosity of unknown chip manufactures, Jim carried on. Jim had been through this store thousands of times, and very little ever changed in it. But Jim still ambled through. What caught Jim’s eyes next, was a little bin of stuffed animals. There were many different species of animals in said bin, all were around hand size. Jim examined one of the stuffies, a polka dotted turtle, with a casually scrutinizing gaze. He put the turtle back with it’s brethren, and continued on his way.
Jim, looking at his watch, realized that he had been shopping for quite some time, and that it was time for him to get the turnips. He quickly retraced his steps to reach the vegetable section, where he carefully selected four turnips. He walked briskly to the checkout, where owner, with surprising quickness and skill, deposited the turnips into a little paper bag, and took Jim’s offered money. Jim, bagged turnips in hand, walked out of the store. He would be back in two days to get more turnips, because, if one thing was certain in this changing world, it was that Molly liked turnips, and that this store sold those turnips.

title: [HM] The Turnip Expedition

question: What does this grocer stock, in addition to turnips?

answer: The store stocked superb items: A variety of chips from relatively unknown producers of which Uncle Pete's crunchies was the most common; a bin of stuffed animals all around hand size, one of which was a polka dotted turtle.

question: Is this a successful store?

answer: The store is not as successful as BigMart, but still survives and maintains its quality and selection.

question: Summarize all the information relating to Molly.

answer: Molly is Jim's parakeet. She likes to eat turnips at least once a day and gets depressed if she doesn't.

question: Summarize all the information relating to the owner of the store.

answer: Jim describes the owner as a dusty clothed pile of skin flaps that sat atop a stool behind the counter. He is a wrinkly old man that never moved from his little stool by the check out. The owner's aunt shopped at the store. The owner was surprisingly quick and skillful with the sale of the turnips.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Jim is shopping at a small grocer to buy turnips for his parakeet that gets depressed if she can't eat turnips every day. He has been coming to the same store for 6 years because they stock turnips.


text:
Contents

-   Bounding Charge (Ex)
-   Brutal Tail (Ex)
-   Gaze (Su)
-   Lash Out (Ex)
-   Pain (Ex)
-   Planar Acclimation (Ex)
-   Quill Defense (Ex)
-   Quick Recovery (Su)
-   Quills (Ex)
-   Relentless Tracker (Ex)

Variants

This six-limbed beast stalks forward with a fluid grace. Barbed quills run along its back, and its eyes glow with a blue light.

Bandersnatch CR 17

XP 102,400
N Gargantuan magical beast
INIT +11; SENSES blindsense 120 ft., darkvision 120 ft., low-light vision, scent; Perception +26

DEFENSE

AC 33, touch 13, flat-footed 26 (+7 Dex, +20 natural, -4 size)
HP 310 (23d10+184); fast healing 10
FORT +21, REF +20, WILL +11
DEFENSIVE ABILITIES quick recovery, quill defense; IMMUNE fear, paralysis, poison, sleep

OFFENSE

SPEED 60 ft., climb 20 ft.
MELEE bite +32 (2d8+13 plus grab), 2 claws +32 (2d6+13/19-20), tail slap +27 (2d8+19/x3 plus pain)
RANGED 4 quills +26 (1d10+13/19-20)
SPACE 20 ft.; REACH 15 ft. (20 ft. with tail slap)
SPECIAL ATTACKS bounding charge, brutal tail, gaze, lash out, pounce, rake (4 claws, +32, 2d6+13/19-20), rend (2 claws, 2d6+19)

STATISTICS

STR 36, DEX 25, CON 27, INT 2, WIS 15, CHA 18
BASE ATK +23; CMB +40 (+44 grapple); CMD 57 (65 vs. trip)
FEATS Bleeding Critical, Combat Reflexes, Critical Focus, Critical Mastery, Exhausting Critical, Improved Critical (claws), Improved Critical (quills), Improved Initiative, Improved Iron Will, Iron Will, Skill Focus (Stealth), Tiring Critical
SKILLS Acrobatics +19 (+31 when jumping), Climb +21, Perception +26, Stealth +18 (+26 forests), Survival +3 (+23 tracking); RACIAL MODIFIERS +8 Acrobatics, +10 Perception, +4 Stealth (+12 forests), +20 Survival when tracking
SQ planar acclimation, relentless tracker

SPECIAL ABILITIES

Bounding Charge (Ex)

A bandersnatch can move through difficult terrain when it charges.

Brutal Tail (Ex)

The quills and barbs on a bandersnatch’s tail cause triple damage on a critical hit from its tail slap. A bandersnatch adds 1-1/2 times its strength bonus on attack rolls when using its tail slap.

Gaze (Su)

Confused, range 30 feet, Fortitude DC 29 negates. A bandersnatch can direct its gaze attack against a single foe as a swift action. This is a mind-affecting compulsion effect. The save DC is Constitution-based.

Lash Out (Ex)

As a swift action, a bandersnatch can make a single attack with a bite, claw, or tail slap. A bandersnatch cannot lash out on the same round it charges.

Pain (Ex)

Whenever a creature takes damage from a bandersnatch’s tail slap attack, quills, or quill defense, that creature must make a DC 28 Reflex save or a quill lodges in its flesh, causing the creature to become sickened until the quill is removed. Removing one quill requires a DC 20 Heal check made as a full-round action. For every 5 by which the check exceeds the DC, one additional quill can be removed. On a failed check, a quill is still removed, but the process deals 1d10+6 points of damage to the victim. The save DC is Dexterity-based.

Planar Acclimation (Ex)

A bandersnatch is always considered to be on its home plane, regardless of what plane it finds itself upon. It never gains the extraplanar subtype.

Quill Defense (Ex)

Any creature that strikes a bandersnatch with a non-reach melee weapon, unarmed strike, or natural weapon takes 1d10 points of piercing damage from the bandersnatch’s quills and suffers from the bandersnatch’s pain attack.

Quick Recovery (Su)

A debilitated bandersnatch recovers with frightening speed. If a bandersnatch starts its turn affected by any or all of the following conditions, these conditions end at the end of its turn: confused, dazed, dazzled, exhausted, fatigued, nauseated, sickened, and stunned. Furthermore, a bandersnatch affected by ability damage, ability drain, or a mind-affecting effect that allows a save receives a single additional save against the effect of its choice at the original DC at the end of its turn in order to shake off the effect.

Quills (Ex)

With a snap of its tail, a bandersnatch can loose a volley of four quills as a standard action (make an attack roll for each spike). This attack has a range of 300 feet with no range increment. All targets must be within 30 feet of each other. Launched quills regrow in a single round, during which the bandersnatch’s defensive abilities are unaffected.

Relentless Tracker (Ex)

A bandersnatch can move at up to double its speed and still track without penalty. It gains a +10 competence bonus on Survival checks made to track creatures it has wounded.

ECOLOGY

ENVIRONMENT any forests
ORGANIZATION solitary
TREASURE incidental

Bandersnatches are consummate hunters, and only the deadliest predators or the most cunning intelligent prey offer them sport. Once a bandersnatch has marked a creature for death, it runs it to ground without fear, rest, or remorse.

Bandersnatches rely on speed, shock, and terror to bring down prey. They pace their quarry from a distance, hidden among the trees, then break from cover, savage their target, and dart away again. They drag smaller creatures away to dispatch at leisure, while engaging larger ones in skirmishes until they gradually wear their prey down. An outmatched bandersnatch withdraws at full speed, stopping only to pick off pursuers that distance themselves from their allies. Once its wounds heal, the bandersnatch returns to the scene of its defeat, picks up the trail of its assailants, and eliminates them one by one.

In appearance, a bandersnatch resembles a tawny, six-legged great cat, but with wickedly barbed quills running the length of its body and down to the tip of its long, flexible tail. Its quills serve to deter attackers, but also act as a formidable weapon. With a single flick of its muscular tail, a bandersnatch can fling as many as a half-dozen quills at distant foes with surprising accuracy. A bandersnatch captivates any prey that meets the gaze of its saucerlike, luminous eyes. A bandersnatch measures 40 feet in length plus another 10 feet of tail and weighs 12,000 pounds. Despite their bulk, bandersnatches move with speed, grace, and even considerable stealth when required.

Bandersnatches were once native to the primal world of the fey, where they preyed on the greatest hunters of that ancient realm. As with other legendary creatures from this realm, such as the jabberwock, bandersnatches belong to a group of creatures known collectively as the “Tane.” Whether the fey were careless in guarding their portals or released the first bandersnatches into Material Plane deliberately cannot be said with certainty. Rare in the extreme on the Material Plane, bandersnatches lair within forgotten forests where ancient beasts walk the world. Bandersnatches mate only rarely. A female becomes fertile perhaps once or twice per century, leaving the male soon after mating and giving birth to only one or two kittens per litter. The mother brings meat to her ravenous young, which mature into lesser bandersnatches (see below) within a year. Bandersnatches live for a thousand years or longer.

Variants

Though no bandersnatch is ordinary, some are rarer than others. The most famous is the frumious bandersnatch, brimming with rage so fierce it burns. Variant bandersnatches may combine two or more of the abilities below.

CONFOUNDING BANDERSNATCH (CR 18): Confounding bandersnatches drip infectious madness from their quills and claws. POISON (Ex) Claws and quills—injury; _save_ FORT DC 29; _frequency_ 1/minute for 6 minutes; _effect_ confused for 1 minute; _cure_ 2 consecutive saves. The save DC is Constitution-based.

FRUMIOUS BANDERSNATCH (CR 19): A frumious bandersnatch seethes with barely repressed rage and anger. If it misses with its bite attack or falls below half of its hit points, it succumbs to such uncontrollable fury that it bursts into flame. While engulfed in these flames, a frumious bandersnatch is affected as by a haste spell (this effect cannot be dispelled) and causes an additional 2d6 points of fire damage with each of its melee attacks and its quill defense ability. The fury lasts for 5 rounds, after which the bandersnatch cannot enter a fury again for another 5 rounds. A frumious bandersnatch has fire resistance 30.

LESSER BANDERSNATCH (CR 13): Smaller or younger bandersnatches are still fearsome predators in their own right. A lesser bandersnatch is Huge, with 4 fewer Hit Dice than a typical bandersnatch. Reduce its physical ability scores by 4 each and its Wisdom and Charisma by 2 each. A lesser bandersnatch lacks quick recovery and deals 1d8+4 points of damage with its quill defense and pain abilities. Lesser bandersnatches never have any additional variant powers.

MAGICBANE BANDERSNATCH (CR 20): These bandersnatches radiate an antimagic aura in a 20-foot radius. Should the aura be brought down, it returns automatically as a free action on the bandersnatch’s next turn. Magicbane bandersnatches lack gaze and quick recovery.

PRIMAL BANDERSNATCH (CR 19): Primal bandersnatches have kept their ties to the ancient world of the fey. They have the extraplanar subtype, SR 30, DR 10/cold iron, and the advanced creature simple template.

Section 15: Copyright Notice

Pathfinder Roleplaying Game Bestiary 3, © 2011, Paizo Publishing, LLC; Authors Jesse Benner, Jason Bulmahn, Adam Daigle, James Jacobs, Michael Kenway, Rob McCreary, Patrick Renie, Chris Sims, F. Wesley Schneider, James L. Sutter, and Russ Taylor, based on material by Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, and Skip Williams.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

question: Summarize Bandersnatch CR 17's special abilities.

answer: The Bandersnatch CR 17 can move through difficult terrain whenever it charges at an enemy. A critical hit from the quills and barbs on its tail cause triple damage. The Bandersnatch is always on its home plain regardless of where it finds itself. It can take a swift action which involves a bite, claw, or tail slap, however, it cannot do these things in the same round it charges. A Bandersnatch CR17 can also double its speed and tracks without penalty.

question: Summarize how a Bandasnatch hunts and takes its prey.

answer: Bandersnatches uses speed and terror to subdue its prey. They survey their quarry from a distance, hidden, and then break cover and bite their target before running away. They drag smaller creatures away to kill at leisure and engage the larger ones until they wear them down. The Bandersnatch is not only a deadly foe in closer spaces, it can also kill at longer rangers by flinging at least half-dozen quills at distant foes with accuracy.


text:
COLIN CAMPBELL (1884 – 3 February 1966) was a Scottish-born New Zealand cricketer who played two matches of first-class cricket in 1921 and 1922.

Campbell was a wicket-keeper who batted at number eleven. He played his first first-class match for Hawke's Bay against the touring Australians in February 1921. In Australia’s only innings he took two catches and allowed 27 byes.[1] It was Hawke's Bay’s last match with first-class status. The next season he was selected to play for North Island against South Island. This time he allowed 45 byes in the match (out of South Island’s combined two-innings total of 424) and took no catches. It was his last first-class match.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Colin Campbell (cricketer, born 1884)

question: When did Colin Campbell die?

answer: Colin Campbell died on February 3rd, 1966.

question: What number did Colin Campbell bat at?

answer: Colin Campbell batted at number eleven.

question: How many first-class cricket matches did Colin Campbell play?

answer: Colin Campbell played two first-class cricket matches.

question: Who did Colin Campbell play against in his first first-class match?

answer: Colin Campbell played against the Australian team in his first first-class match.

question: How many byes did Colin Campbell allow in his last first-class match?

answer: Colin Campbell allowed 45 byes in his last first-class match.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Colin Campbell was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in two first-class matches in his career, the first against Australia, and the second for North Island against South Island.


text:
_THE TIME TRADERS_ is a science fiction novel by American writer Andre Norton (pseudonym, née Alice Mary Norton), the first in _The Time Traders_ series. It was first published in 1958, and has been printed in several editions. It was updated by Norton in 2000 to account for real world changes. It is part of Norton's Forerunner universe.

_The Time Traders_ introduces the premise: a confrontation between Western heroes and the “Reds”, AKA the Soviets, plus the “Baldies”, a mysterious alien race that has used time travel to alter Earth. This novel alternates among the present day, a trading tribal society in Britain, 2000 B.C., and a glacial outpost in the last ice age.

Premise

In her Time Trader novels Norton tacitly assumes that the physics of time travel differs so significantly from the physics of space travel, especially hyperdrive-propelled interstellar flight, that a civilization that discovers the technology of one simply will not discover the technology of the other. Earth’s physicists have discovered the secret of time travel, but the engineers and scientists who built and use the time transporters have devised a clever way to obtain the secrets of space travel: if it is not possible to discover the secrets, we get them from someone who did.

Plot

''The outline below follows the 1958 version;[1] afterward, the changes in the 2000 edition are described.[2]

At the end of the twentieth century petty criminal Ross Murdock is given the choice of facing a new psychiatric medical procedure called _rehabilitation_ or volunteering to join a secret government project. Hoping for a chance to escape, Ross volunteers to join Operation Retrograde and is taken by Major John Kelgarries to a base built under the ice near the North Pole. Teamed with archaeologist Gordon Ashe, he is trained to mimic a trader of the Beaker culture of Bronze-Age Europe.

Sent back to southern Britain around 2000 BCE, Ross and Ashe (as Rossa and Assha) find that their outpost has been bombed, destroyed by the wrath of Lurgha, the local storm god, according to two of the natives. Discovering the direction whence the bomber came and other clues pointing to the general area occupied by the Soviet base, Ross, Ashe, and McNeil, the lone survivor of the bombing, go to that area.

Somewhere near the Baltic Sea, Ross, Ashe, and McNeil begin building a Beaker trading post and learn from the locals that to their southeast lies a land populated by ghosts, a land whither no man of good sense would go. Ross gets separated from Ashe and McNeil in a night attack and must go into the taboo area alone in an effort to find them. Far inside the ghostland he finds the Soviet base and is captured by the Reds.

In an effort to escape Ross steps onto the base’s transporter plate and is transferred to a Soviet base even further back in time. The Reds recapture him and take him outside the base, abandoning him on a glacier to freeze to death. He climbs out of the crevice into which he was shoved and follows the trail leading away from the Soviet base, coming to a giant globe half buried in the ice. Half dead from the abuse he has received, he enters the globe and then falls through a panel and into a tub full of transparent-red gel.

When he regains consciousness Ross discovers that all of his wounds are healed, he is no longer hungry or thirsty, and his Beaker-folk clothing is gone. A mechanism offers him a skin-tight suit made of an iridescent dark-blue fabric that covers all but his head and his hands. He explores what is clearly some kind of ship and is recaptured by the Reds, but not before he activates the ship’s communication system and comes face to face with a hostile-looking humanoid with a large bald head.

The Reds’ interrogation of Ross is interrupted by explosions that rock the base. Ross is reunited with Ashe and McNeil and the three men escape to the time transporter, pausing only to steal some recording tapes. Back in the Soviet Bronze-Age base, the men leave the time-travel building and escape from the village just as the alien Baldies attack. The men then make their way to the river that will take them to the Baltic Sea to be picked up by their submarine (disguised as a whale).

Ross is again separated from Ashe and McNeil when he falls off their hastily built and uncontrollable raft. He discovers that the Baldies are hunting him when he is captured by warriors from a barbarian tribe. Again he escapes and continues down the river, reaching the sea and the camp occupied by Ashe and/or McNeil only hours after the sub took them away. Two of the Baldies attempt to capture him with telepathic hypnosis, but they flee when Kelgarries and his men arrive. Leaving the alien skinsuit on the beach, so that the Baldies can’t trace the Americans to their base, the men take Ross to the sub and home. There Ashe tells him that the tapes he stole indicate other alien spaceships abandoned on Earth, at least three of them in the Americas. Operation Retrograde is about to become much more interesting and Ross still wants to be part of the action.

Changes in the 2000 edition

The 2000 version[3] Norton modified the 1958 version by making three changes in the text:

-   She reset the story in the first quarter of the Twenty-First Century instead of in the last quarter of the Twentieth, shifting the action future-ward by a full generation.
-   The “Reds” have become the Russians and Greater Russia has replaced the Soviet Union.
-   Space travel has not gone beyond the first lunar landings instead of having not gotten beyond the first attempts to put satellites into orbit. Instead of being ridiculed as impossible, space travel is publicly ridiculed as infeasible.

Reception

Floyd C. Gale wrote that “_Traders_ gets Miss Norton back solidly and admirably on her track of excellence”,[4] and was one of her “topnotchers”.[5]

In the _Saturday Review_ for 1958 Nov 01[6] the reviewer, identified by the initials A. O’B. M., wrote:

In _Kirkus Reviews_ for 1958 Oct 01[7] an unidentified reviewer wrote:

Novels in the series

-   _The Time Traders_ (1958)
-   _Galactic Derelict_ (1959)
-   _The Defiant Agents_ (1962)
-   _Key Out of Time_ (1963)
-   _Firehand_ (1994) (with Pauline M Griffin)
-   _Echoes in Time_ (1999) (with Sherwood Smith)
-   _Atlantis Endgame_ (2002) (with Sherwood Smith)

Associated sources

Four novels are available for free from online sources.

Books one, three and four of the series are available for free from Project Gutenberg:

-   _The Time Traders_
-   _The Defiant Agents_
-   _Key Out of Time_

Book two is available from Open Library:

-   “_Galactic Derelict_”

and Archive.org: https://archive.org/details/galacticderelict00nort

Audio versions of both the original novel and the updated one are available from LibriVox:

-

Publication history

-   1958, US, World Publishing Company, Hardback (218 pp).[8]
-   1960, US, Ace Books (#D-461), Paperback (191 pp).[9]
-   1963, US, Ace Books (#F-236), Paperback (191 pp).[10]
-   1964, Germany, Moewig - Munich (Terra Sonderband 78), OCLC 73748140, Digest (95 pp).[11] as Operation Vergangenheit (Operation Past).
-   1966, US, Ace Books (#F-386), Paperback (191 pp).[12]
-   1970, US, Ace Books (#81251), April 1970, Paperback (191 pp).[13]
-   1974, US, Ace Books (#81252), October 1974, Paperback (191 pp).[14]
-   1975, Japan, Kubo Shoten Books, , (226 pp).[15]
-   1978, US, Gregg Press, , January 1979, Hardback (xiv + 220 pp).[16]
-   1979, United Kingdom, G Prior, , Hardback (198 pp).[17]
-   1980, US, Ace Books, , July 1980 (also Aug 1980, Mar 1984, May 1987, and Nov 1991), Paperback (220 pp).[18]
-   1984, Germany, Pabel - Rastatt, , (160 pp).[19] as Operation Vergangenheit (Operation Past).
-   1992, Hungary, Phoenix - Debrecen, , (215 pp).[20] as Időharcosok.
-   1993, Russia, Zelenogradskaya Books - Zelenograd, , Hardback (352 pp).[21] combined with Galactic Derelict as Voina vo Vremeni (The War in Time).
-   1994, Poland, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, , (211 pp).[22] as Handlarze Czasem (Trafficker in Time).
-   1999, Poland, Amber - Warsaw, .[23] as Tajni agenci czasu (The Operatives in Time).
-   2000, US, Baen, , November 2000, Hardback (370 pp).[24] 2000 rewrite bound with 2000 rewrite of Galactic Derelict.
-   2003, Russia, Eksmo - Moscow, , Hardback (512 pp).[25] combined with Galactic Derelict, The Defiant Agents, and Key Out of Time as Voina vo Vremeni (The War in Time).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] http://www.unz.org/Pub/SaturdayRev-1958nov01-00062?View=PDFPages

[7] https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/andre-norton/the-time-traders/

[8] found on the Internet Speculative Fiction Database at http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2526 (retrieved 2014 Aug 10)

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15] found on Andre-Norton-Books.com, http://andre-norton-books.com/archive/Titles_T/Time_Traders/Time_Traders.htm (retrieved 2014 Aug 10)

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

title: The Time Traders

question: What is the premise of The Time Traders?

answer: There is a confrontation between Western heroes and the "Reds", AKA the Soviets, as well as the "Baldies", a mysterious alien race that has used time travel to alter Earth. The novel alternates among the present day, a trading tribal society in Britain, 2000 B.C, and a glacial outpost in the last ice age.

question: What are the differences between the original novel and the 2000 edition?

answer: Norton made three changes in the novel. She reset the first quarter of the Twenty-First Century instead of in the last quarter of the Twentieth. The "Reds" have become the Russians and Greater Russia has replaced the Soviet Union. Space travel is publicly ridiculed as infeasible in the 2000 edition.

question: How much revenue has the series generated?


text:
The COLUMBUS INVITATIONAL was a golf tournament played in Columbus, Ohio from 1946 to 1948. The first two events were held at Columbus Country Club while the final edition was played at Wyandot Country Club. The event was sponsored by the Zooligans, an organisation that raised money for Columbus Zoo.

Winners

+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Year  | Playe | Count | Score | To    | Margi | Runne | Winne | Ref   |
|       | r     | ry    |       | par   | n     | r-up  | r's   |       |
|       |       |       |       |       | of    |       | share |       |
|       |       |       |       |       | victo |       | ($)   |       |
|       |       |       |       |       | ry    |       |       |       |
+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+
| 1948  | Lloyd |       | 268   | −16   | 1     | Georg | 2,000 | [1]   |
|       | Mangr |       |       |       | strok | e     |       |       |
|       | um    |       |       |       | e     | Schou |       |       |
|       |       |       |       |       |       | x     |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1947  | Bobby |       | 274   | −14   | 5     | Jimmy | 2,000 | [2]   |
|       | Locke |       |       |       | strok | Demar |       |       |
|       |       |       |       |       | es    | et    |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1946  | Byron |       | 276   | −12   | 2     | Porky | 2,500 | [3]   |
|       | Nelso |       |       |       | strok | Olive |       |       |
|       | n     |       |       |       | es    | r     |       |       |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Columbus Invitational

question: What does the excerpt say about the Columbus Invitational?

answer: The Columbus Invitational was a golf tournament played in Columbus, Ohio from 1946-48. The first two events were held at Columbus Country Club, the final edition was played at Wyandot Country Club. The event was sponsored by the Zooligans, an organization that raised money for the Columbus Zoo.


text:
"I'm stressed," he finally exclaimed, slicing through the silent air that threatened to suffocate him. Ther room was adorned with plain, unpainted walls and occupied only by a television, a video game system which sat on standby, a bed, a dresser, and two teenage boys. They carried all the self-assurance that two scrawny sixteen-year-olds could muster. One, he who had spoken, bespectacled and mop-headed, fell onto the bed and stared up at the ceiling, his eyes tracing the elliptical orbit of the ceiling fan blades ad infinitum.

"I've got too much work." He said out loud, looking at nothing and yet seeming to notice everything. "It's not like I can't keep up with it all. That's not what's wrong. I just--I have no time, anymore. I wake up late. I rush to get ready for school. I relax for five minutes and eat breakfast. I'm dragged through my school day because of this stupid seven-period schedule. Then I get out, help you with your math work, go home, get my three hours of computer time--sometimes I get a chance to mess around, sometimes I don't even finish all my assignments--oh, and I haven't even mentioned the stress from virtual school--then I study until I pass out from exhaustion and the cycle begins again."

The other boy, a quiet, short curly-haired lad with forlorn eyes, looked over at his friend. "I think a lot of students deal with that kind of stuff. The good ones, anyway. And you've got straight A's, right? So what's the problem?"

The bespectacled boy rose to sit on the edge of the bed such that he could make eye contact with the other one. "It's not like I don't understand a B is good--you're a B student  and you do pretty well--but, I mean, I'm a good student. B's are like failing to me. I've got college to think about, soon, and I'll never get in with the GPA I have right now. It's a three point two. A three point two! All because of that crap I had to deal with in middle school that ended up getting me stuck taking all virtual classes freshman year. And now I have to do all this just to get into a decent college. On top of that, I barely know what I want to do when I'm growing up. This... this is it, pal. We're almost out and we need to make the best of the time we have left."

"We've got time," the other reminded him, breaking eye contact and glancing at the enticing patterns in the carpet.

"Not enough! They always tell you every year that this is the most important school year if you want to get anywhere. You need to finish school with a twelve point oh and then graduate from a top college and get a high-paying job in order to be happy and if you misstep once you're utterly screwed!"

The boy's voice had transformed from bitter mockery to flooding desperation. He fell back and a loud thud accompanied his descent as his head crashed into the wall behind him.

"You okay?" the other boy asked in reaction to the noise.

"Fine," he answered through clenched teeth, making no attempt to hide his teary eyes.

There was a long, uncomfortable silence. The two sat there observing their respective mediums--the bespectacled boy the ceiling and the quiet boy the carpet. Finally, after a few moments, they both opened their mouths at the same time and a garbled combination of syllables escaped.

"What was that?" the quiet one asked.

"Just more of the same," the stressed one answered. "Yours?"

After a few more moments of expectant emptiness, words began to fill the void.

"I knew this kid in middle school--a prodigy, a genius. They all said he was as smart as Einstein, or... something. The mistake he made was," he paused, pensive, for a moment, "forgetting to be a kid. He was so focused on the future and getting good grades that he let it become his life. All the other kids at the school would always bully him and he didn't really have any friends except for himself. He was so focused on his work all the time that he forgot. He forgot to live life and just relax once in a while. He was in my gym class. He always came in every day and had some excuse note signed by his parents--he always had a sore throat or a bad cold or something. And the teacher would just wave him over to the sidelines and he would sit on the bench all class, playing his Game Boy or doing homework. I remember this one day he did bad on a test or something--I think that was it, he got a C--and his parents exploded on him. They wouldn't let him out of the house for a few days and he had a lot of work to make up when he finally came back to school."

There was a pause in the story. The bespectacled boy's mind was whirring, trying to assimilate the tale into his own situation. Then the other child continued.

"I guess the stress was just too much for him. One day, while his parents were out, he went into his mom's room. I guess he knew just where to look. He removed the shoe box from under the bed and he pulled out a gun and he killed himself."

The silence, this time, was dreadful.

"He got a small article in the paper. They never made an announcement at school or anything. They never even mentioned his name in the obituary, I think."

The fan blades, their centrifuge slightly askew, and the cranking of the gears in the boys' minds reverberated throughout the room.

"What was his name?"

The quiet boy looked up as the question pierced his eardrum, seeming to have not expected that. He struggled to pull a name from his memory but finally responded dismally.

"I... can't remember."

The other boy nodded. The silence, returning, enveloped them, caressed them.

"What do you think happens when you die?" the quiet one inquired, finally, his eyes directed at the wall, staring through them into the realms beyond.

"I don't really know. I don't think we, as humans, are meant to know something like that. What about you?"

He sat in trance for a moment. Finally, he spoke.

"I think... I think, whether you were shot in the heart with a pistol, or poisoned by an enemy, or--or offed by old age, when they mention your name and nobody can remember you--your face, your voice, your words, your actions--that... is when you are truly dead."

"What if you remember his actions but not his name?"

"Screw you."

title: This is Our Autobiography

question: What does the story say about the two teenagers?

answer: They are friends that are talking about school, life, and their future. One of them has straight A's and worries about enrolling in a decent college. He is worried they do have not enough time to prepare for it, and the other boy, B's student, calms him down.

question: What does the story say about the prodigy boy?

answer: One of the boys says that the prodigy boy forgot to be a kid. He was so focused on the future and getting good grades that he let it become his life.  He forgot to live life and just relax once in a while. Once he got a C, and his parents would not let him out of the house for a few days. The stress was just too much for him and he committed suicide.

question: What does the story say about what happened with the boys after high school?


text:
WILLIAM MURRAY OF TULLIBARDINE (died 1583), was a Scottish courtier and leader of the Clan Murray.

William Murray was the son of William Murray of Tullibardine (d. 1562) and Katherine Campbell, daughter of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy (d. 1513) and Margaret Moncreiffe.

When Lord Darnley was made Lord of Ardmanoch and Earl of Ross at Stirling Castle on 15 May 1565, he was one of 15 men who were made knights.[1]

Mary, Queen of Scots visited him at Tullibardine on 16 November 1562,[2] and on 31 December 1566.[3]

His brother James Murray offered to fight with the Earl of Bothwell in May 1567 to prove the murder of Lord Darnley by combat.[4]

On 9 August 1567 the English ambassador in Edinburgh Nicholas Throckmorton interviewed him, trying to work out the politics of his brother-in-law, the Earl of Mar, and the intentions of the Scottish lords towards the deposed and imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots. Tullibardine discussed how she was expendable to the Hamilton family's cause.[5]

Later that month, he and William Kirkcaldy of Grange took ships and chased James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell to Shetland, but the earl escaped. Tullibardine continued the pursuit for a time.[6] Some of the ships came from Dundee, including the _James_, the _Primrose_, and the _Robert_.[7]

At the same time, his brother James Murray was made “customar” of Edinburgh, in place of James Curl, collecting taxes duties from merchants owed to the crown. Tullibardine was involved, requesting James Curl return some unlawfully impounded English cloth.[8]

Murray's sister was the influential Annabell Murray, Countess of Mar (died February 1603), who was the keeper of the young James VI of Scotland at Stirling Castle. There was a story, promoted by the secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots, John Lesley, that the king found the “testament of Bothwell” in Tullibardine's papers in 1577 and was pleased to hear a story that showed his mother as innocent, for a change.

On 24 April 1579 the Earl of Atholl died shortly after attending a banquet at Stirling Castle. His wife Margaret Fleming, (who had been married to Murray's brother-in-law, Thomas Erskine, Master of Erskine), was also unwell. A rumour started that they had been poisoned.[9] Agnes Graham, the wife of William Murray of Tullibardine, wrote to Annabell Murray assuring her that the Countess of Atholl's complaints against her were “forged lies”.[10]

He was Comptroller of Scotland. He resigned the office in 1580 and James VI gave it to his son John.[11]

He died in 1583.

Family

William Murray married Agnes Graham, a daughter of William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose and Janet Keith. Their children included:

-   John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine
-   Captain George Murray, who was with James VI in Denmark.[12]

A sister of Agnes Graham, Jonet Graham, married his cousin, Andrew Murray of Balvaird and Arngask. Their children included:

-   Andrew Murray of Balvaird and Arngask (d. 1590).
-   Patrick Murray of Geanies.
-   David Murray, 1st Viscount of Stormont (d.1631).

John Murray of Pardewis was a brother of William Murray, the Comptroller.[13]

[1] Julian Goodare, 'Queen Mary's Catholic Interlude', in _Mary Stewart Queen in Three Kingdoms: Innes Review_, vol. 37 (1987), p. 158: _Calendar of State Papers Scotland_, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 161 no. 181.

[2] Edward Furgol, 'Scottish Itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542-8 and 1561-8', _PSAS_, 117 (1987), microfiche, scanned

[3] George Chalmers, _Life of Mary Queen of Scots_, vol. 1 (London, 1818), p. 199.

[4] Joseph Bain, _Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569_, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 328.

[5] _Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569_, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 373-4, 376.

[6] David Reid, _Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus_, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 2005), 171: Agnes Strickland, Agnes, _Letters of Mary Queen of Scots_, vol. 1 (London, 1842), pp. 244-248: _Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569_, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 394-5.

[7] John Hill Burton, _Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1545-1569_, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 544.

[8] John Hill Burton, _Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1545-1569_, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 547, 559.

[9] George Hewitt, _Scotland Under Morton_ (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 70-1.

[10] John, 7th Duke of Atholl, _Chronicles of the Atholl and Tullibardine families_ (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 44-5.

[11] Keith Brown, _Noble Power in Scotland_ (Edinburgh, 2011), p. 182.

[12] David Stevenson, _Scotland's Last Royal Wedding_ (Edinburgh, 1997), p. 121.

[13] _RPS_, 7 (Edinburgh, 1966), p. 366 no. 2221.

title: William Murray of Tullibardine

question: What does the text say about William Murray of Tullibardine's family?

answer: William Murray was the son of William Murray of Tullibardine who died in 1562, and of Kathrine Campbell. He married Agnes Graham, a daughter of William Graham, 2nd Earl of Montrose and Janet Keith. They had two children who were John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine, and Captain George Murray.


text:
I love her.

I know its strange for a plush bear to love a five year old girl, but I do.

She was the one who stuffed the white, fluffy life into me. She sewed button eyes on me so that I could see. And do you know what she said when she was done making me?

She said "Yore gonna bee mai boyfend!"

Oh the tea parties we share! Oh the cuddles we give each other! Oh the stories we make together! It is heaven.
You're six now, and you've just started school. As the days go by, I notice you are making someone.

"What are you doing?" I ask "Are you making us a new friend?"

You were. A sock monkey named francis with a little winged jumper that let him fly for a bit.

"Can I have some clothes too?"

You made me a pair of overalls.

Now we both can be your boyfriend.

Oh the wonderful things we would do together! The games we play, the things we build, the stories we weave. It is heaven.

You're ten now, Congratulations! (Remember teaching us that word?) Me and Francis made you a cake as best we can without thumbs. We watched you open your birthday present to yourself. A plush tiger you made with your favorite dress that got torn in thorn bushes last year. It was wearing your old mittens and had a train of your old socks as a tail. Now you can have three boyfriends.

We dance and sing and laugh and play and do chores better, now that one of us has thumbs, and we all act out stories together. It is heaven.

Now you're fourteen, you haven't been paying your boyfriends any mind lately, as soon as you come back from school, I ask:

"Do you still love me? Do you still love us?"

You pick me up in your arms and kiss me, and my felt heart fluttered.

"Of course I do, silly. Now come into the dining room. I have a surprise for you!"

The surprise was three new friends! A Fox, a Wolf, and a Cat! You call them Vix, Strider, and, Reginald. We old boyfriends got on quite well with the new boyfriends, especially since you've made them all have humanlike hands. We'll never need your help for the chores now!

We dance, we sing, we live, we laugh, and we tell stories by the fire. And at the end of the day, We'd all keep you warm and safe from the four-legged monsters of the dark. It was, is, and will be heaven, even if our house is gone.

It's been Five years now since you made the newest three, and now you've made forty more boyfriends. I do not know what kinds of animal they are, except the remarkably humanlike lion, mouse and eagle. There are enough of us now to try building you a new tent. We play with you, and work for you, and do anything you wish us to. We comfort you, and we do all we can to give you Happiness. When we are not needed, we tell stories to each other. It is heaven.

A month later and you've been giving the newest ones you make to people in exchange for leafs and stones. When we ask you why, you tell us that it is so that we can have a better shelter, and not be cold at night. And so that you can eat.

I tell you "My love, We will gladly shelter you and keep you warm, for we cannot feel pain, cold, heat or discomfort, and we will gladly find you good food to eat, you are our queen!"

You embrace me and kiss me, and my old felt heart melts with gladness.

We Do All For You, and it is Heaven.

title: [MF] The bear who loved.

question: From whose perspective is this story told?

answer: A stuffed animal.

question: What is the tension of this story?

answer: We think the girl will give her stuffed animals away when she grows up, but she does not, instead she starts a business selling them.

question: How old is the girl at the end of the story?

answer: 19.

question: What does the girl exchange the stuffed animals for?

answer: Leafs and stones.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This story is about a little girl who constructs many stuffed animals throughout her childhood, finally beginning to sell them at the age of 19. The story is narrated from the perspective of the first stuffed animal she made.


text:
[Lionel Messi of Argentina, left, runs clear of the Portugal defence during their International Friendly soccer match at Old Trafford Stadium, Manchester, England, Tuesday Nov. 18, 2014. (AP Photo/Jon Super)]

Jon Super/Associated Press

Lionel Messi has hinted that he may leave Barcelona, but the odds are that the club legend won't be going anywhere too quickly.

He has spent his entire professional career with the Catalan giants but told Argentinian newspaper _Ole_ (h/t _Sport_) that nothing was certain about his future. Messi said:

  As of today, I am living for the present. I am thinking about having a great year and winning all the titles we want to win with Barcelona—nothing more. After that, we'll see. Football has a lot of twists and turns. As I've always said, I would like to stay forever, but sometimes you do not always get what you want. Especially in football, where there are so many changes and things happening. It is complicated, even more so given what is happening today at Barcelona.

So, let's look at the reasons Messi may want to leave Barcelona.

The first is the tax issue that hangs over him and his father, Jorge Messi. The pair will face a court appearance, and some believe that these problems will cause Messi to leave Spain.

After the news broke that the pair hadn't been let off, Jorge spoke to Cadena Cope about his son's future (h/t the _Express_): "He loves Barca, but life takes lots of twists, you just never know. He loves Rosario, he built a house there. What do I know? Life takes a lot of twists and turns."

Another reason for a potential Messi departure will be if the team go on a tailspin. The season under Tata Martino finished badly, and although it is early days yet in Luis Enrique's reign, there are some causes for concern.

While Barcelona will still be finishing in the Champions League places, a player like Messi deserves to be winning titles almost every season.

[]

Daniel Tejedor/Associated Press

Perhaps he'll also want a new challenge. He's on the verge of becoming the all-time top scorer in Spanish football history and has broken countless other records in the country.

Messi might want to try his hand in England, silencing the doubters who perennially wonder if he can "do it on a wet Tuesday night at Stoke."

However, it's far more likely he'll stay at Barcelona until the dying embers of his career.

For one, nobody can afford him. Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester City have both had their wrists slapped by UEFA over Financial Fair Play issues and they would be two of the front-runners for his signature.

[]

Manu Fernandez/Associated Press

Another would be Chelsea, but the way they have been spending in recent years is far from the extravagant, reckless "buy first and ask questions later" strategy of the early Roman Abramovich days.

Chelsea have been purchasing players intelligently, making money off many like Kevin De Bruyne and Romelu Lukaku, while reinforcing the first team with established talent like Cesc Fabregas and Diego Costa, at good prices.

Messi loves Barcelona too, as he told _Ole_ in the aforementioned quotes. He is already certain to go down as the greatest player in their history, but if he stays there for all his career, he will also be the most cherished.

Most likely, his comments are in order to get a better deal at the club, or show his discomfort at something behind the scenes.

[]

Andres Kudacki/Associated Press

Messi's contract has been renewed several times at Barcelona and the latest of those renewals was in May, so this seems a little bit soon for another new deal, which leaves the latter option.

He knows how much anything he says will be picked up and analysed in the media, so Messi is always careful with his words.

This won't have been a slip, but perhaps just a little dig for a reason we don't know about.

Regardless, on Saturday it will all be forgotten about as Messi takes the field against Sevilla, intent on finishing the job of taking over Telmo Zarra's goalscoring record.

question: Why might Lionel Messi leave Barcelona?

answer: Lionel Messi and his father are facing tax issues, and they have a court appearance soon after the the time the article was published. Both Lionel and his father Jorge have spoken out about the uncertainty of whether Lionel will remain. Another reason is if the Barcelona team goes downhill.

question: Why might Messi not leave Barcelona?

answer: The reason the article gives is no one could afford him. The only comparable football club is Chelsea, and due to poor financial decisions by Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich, the team cannot afford him. Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester city have been disciplined by the UEFA for financial fair play and also cannot purchase him.


text:
SOUTHGATE is a suburban area of north London, England in the London Borough of Enfield. It is located around north of Charing Cross. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase.

History

[South Point House, where the South Gate once stood.] Southgate was originally the _South Gate_ of Enfield Chase, the King's hunting grounds. This is reflected in the street names Chase Road (which leads due north from the station to Oakwood, and was formerly the avenue into the Chase) and Chase Side. There is a blue plaque on a building on the site of the south gate. A little further to the south was another small medieval settlement called South Street which had grown up around a village green; by 1829 the two settlements had merged and the village green became today's Southgate Green.[1]

[Rare survivors of 1930s development: The Southgate Club (built 1889) and adjacent Victorian terrace in Chase Side.[2]] Southgate was predominantly developed in the 1930s: largish semi-detached houses were built on the hilly former estates (Walker, Osidge, Monkfrith, etc.) following increased transport development. In 1933, the North Circular Road was completed through Edmonton and Southgate, and also in 1933, the London Underground Piccadilly line was extended from Arnos Grove (where it had reached the previous year), through Southgate tube station, on to Enfield West (now known as Oakwood). This unleashed a building boom, and by 1939 the area had become almost fully developed.

Status

In 1894 an urban district of Middlesex, called Southgate, was created by the Local Government Act 1894. In 1933 the Municipal Borough of Southgate was created. The borough was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963, and incorporated within the new London Borough of Enfield, also including the areas that had been within the Municipal Borough of Enfield and the Municipal Borough of Edmonton.[3]

Local features

Within the area is the art deco Grade II* Southgate tube station designed by Charles Holden. The area has several large green parks such as Grovelands Park which covers ninety-two acres and contains the seven-acre former boating lake and adjoining woodland of the adjacent Grade I listed Grovelands House (formerly 'Southgate Grove').[4] In Waterfall Road is Christ Church, built in 1862 by Sir Gilbert Scott; adjacent to its grounds, in Minchenden Oak Garden, stands the Minchenden Oak. Across the road from the church lies the Walker Cricket Ground; a regular Middlesex venue which was first used in 1859 and is named after the cricketer John Walker.

The Southgate Green conservation area contains several notable Grade II listed buildings such as Arnoside House and Essex House, Sandford House & Norbury House, Old House & Essex Coach House, 40 The Green and the Valentine Poole houses. The adjoining Cannon Hill features the early-18th century Arnos Grove House and the High Street features Southgate House.

Southgate station on the Piccadilly line is the nearest tube stop to most of Southgate's residential area. Other stations are at Oakwood (to the north) and Arnos Grove (to the south west).

Demography

Southgate is a cosmopolitan district. There has been a prominent Jewish community since the early 20th century. There are also many Greek, Greek Cypriot, Japanese, and Turkish families living in the district.[5] As of the 2011 census, White British makes up 45% of the population, followed by Other White at 20%.[6]

Notable residents

[Leigh Hunt]

-   Sir William Acton, 1st Baronet, owned Arnolds estate.
-   Neville Brody, graphic designer, born in Southgate in 1957.
-   Errol Brown, singer.
-   James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos, lived at Minchington Hall.
-   Raymond Wilson Chambers, writer, lived in Selborne Road, Southgate Green.[7]
-   Dave Clark (musician), lived in Chase Side.[8]
-   James Colebrooke and George Colebrooke, first owners of Arnos Grove house.
-   Sir William Curtis, 1st Baronet; MP, Sheriff and Lord Mayor, lived at Cullands Grove.
-   Dave Davies, musician.
-   Alan Dumayne, local historian.
-   Stephen Godin, 18th Century broker, lived at Cullands Grove.
-   Augustus Hare, writer.[9]
-   David Hepworth, journalist and writer.[10]
-   Sir David Hechstetter, merchant, lived at Minchington Hall.
-   Frederick Hitch, awarded the Victoria Cross.
-   Sir Abraham Hume, 1st Baronet, owned Arnos Grove house.
-   Leigh Hunt, essayist and writer, born in Southgate in 1784.
-   Ashley Hutchings, musician, born 1945.
-   Peter Jay, drummer, born 1944.
-   Selin Kiazim, chef and restaurateur.
-   John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, lived in Southgate House in the 1860s.[11]
-   Sir Patrick Linstead, English chemist, born in Southgate in 1902.
-   Sir Thomas Lipton came to Southgate in 1892, and lived in Osidge House (in East Barnet, but within the parish of Southgate) until his death in 1931.[12]
-   Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke, 19th Century politician.[13]

[Benjamin Waugh]

-   Allastair McReady-Diarmid, awarded the Victoria Cross.
-   William Mayne, 1st Baron Newhaven, owned Arnos Grove house.
-   Simon Mayo was born in Southgate, 1958.
-   Ron Moody, actor.[14]
-   Sir John Moore, Lord Mayor, circa 1674.[15]
-   David Puttnam, film producer, born in Southgate in 1941.
-   Ted Ray (comedian) and Andrew Ray.David Puttnam, film producer, born in Southgate in 1941.
-   Rob Rinder, Barrister and TV judge.
-   Henry Crabb Robinson, diarist, circa 1812.[16]
-   Dame Flora Robson, star of the theatrical stage and cinema, lived at 65 The Mall between 1910 and 1921.[17]
-   Sarbel, pop singer, born 1981.
-   John Henry Powell Schneider and Henry Schneider, lived at Beaver Hall.
-   Alan Sinfield, writer and theorist, born 1941.
-   Rachel Stevens, S Club 7 star, was born and raised in Southgate and attended Osidge Primary and Ashmole Academy.
-   Samuel Sugden, 19th Century merchant, lived at Oak Lodge.
-   Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville and Anne Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, lived at Minchington Hall.
-   Joseph Thornton, railway contractor, lived at Beaver Hall.
-   Isaac Walker, and The Walkers of Southgate.
-   Benjamin Waugh, founder of the NSPCC, lived at Southgate Green in the 1880s.[18]
-   Andrew Weir, 1st Baron Inverforth, owned Arnos Grove house.
-   Sir John Weld, 17th century merchant, owned Arnolds estate.
-   Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet and Sir William Whitmore, 2nd Baronet, owned Arnolds estate.
-   Amy Winehouse, (1983–2011), lived at addresses in both Southgate and Osidge, and attended local schools[19][20] before moving to Whetstone in 1991.
-   Sir Thomas Wolstenholme, Sir John Wolstenholme and Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme of Minchington Hall.

Politics

The parliamentary constituency covering the part of Southgate in the London Borough of Enfield is Enfield Southgate (UK Parliament constituency). Until his death in the Brighton bombing in 1984, the constituency was represented by Sir Anthony Berry. In 1997, Michael Portillo, who succeeded Sir Anthony, lost the seat to Stephen Twigg, who after two terms lost in his turn to David Burrowes in May 2005. In the 2017 general election, Bambos Charalambous defeated Burrowes and became the new representative of the constituency.

Education

College

-   Southgate College
-   Oak Hill College (in the London Borough of Barnet)

Schools

Primary

-   De Bohun Primary School[21]
-   St Andrew's CE Primary
-   St Monica's RC Primary[22]
-   Salcombe Preparatory School[23] (Independent)
-   Vita et Pax School (Independent)
-   Walker Primary[24]
-   West Grove Primary
-   Wolfson Hillel Primary[25]
-   Osidge Primary School (in the London Borough of Barnet)

Secondary

-   Southgate School
-   Ashmole Academy (in the London Borough of Barnet)

Religious facilities

Synagogues

There are four synagogues with Southgate in their name: Cockfosters and North Southgate,[26] Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue[27] (both part of the United Synagogue), Southgate Progressive Synagogue[28] in Oakwood, and Chabad Southgate.[29] The former Southgate and District Reform Synagogue has now moved to Whetstone, and changed its name in February 2010 to Sha'arei Tsedek: North London Reform Synagogue. [Morris & Co. stained glass at Christ Church, Waterfall Road]

Churches

Christ Church stands near Southgate Green. This was built on the site of Weld Chapel,[30] which was built in 1615 and demolished in 1863. The clock on the church was placed there to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. The church contains London's largest collection of pre-raphaelite stained glass by Morris, Marshall Faulkner & Co (later Morris & Co).[31] The parish church of St Andrew is on Chase Side. Emmanuel Evangelical Church meets in Ashmole School.[32] Southgate Methodist Church is on The Bourne, near Southgate Underground station. It was built in 1929, replacing a building on Chase Side. It is an active community hub.

Southgate Masonic Centre

The Southgate Masonic Centre is home to 160 Lodges of which 15 are from Middlesex, along with 5 Chapters. The Centre, a converted church hall, was opened in 1968. The Middlesex Lodges that joined had been meeting in pubs and similar venues and welcomed the opportunity to have their own Centre.

Oak Hill College

Oak Hill College is a theological college located on Chase Side. It trains both Anglican and Independent students for Church ministry in the UK and overseas.

Taverns, inns and public houses

[Ye Olde Cherry Tree, The Green.] Because of the age of the former village and its position in a ring of villages one day's travel by coach from London, Southgate had many pubs: within the village centre there were six local licensed premises.[33]

Many were located on Chase Side but some, such as _The Bell_, _The Crown_ and the _Chase Gate Tavern_, were demolished as part of 20th Century redevelopment and others have closed more recently; _The Waggon_ (formerly _Waggon and Horses_) became an Anatolian restaurant in 2013. _The Rising Sun_ was the terminus for a local horsebus service to Colney Hatch (and there to Kings Cross) before the arrival of the railways, whereupon the service switched to the new station in Palmers Green.[34] It was rebuilt in 1932, and substantially renovated in 2008, changing its name to _The Sun_ and later _The Maze Inn_ but was subsequently closed in 2016 and demolished in 2019.[35] _The Crown_ is commemorated in the name of _The New Crown_ on Chase Side.[36] _The Hart_ (formerly _The White Hart_) is the last long-standing pub in the immediate area, located on the adjoining Chase Road, near Southgate Circus roundabout.

Other notable local pubs are _Ye Olde Cherry Tree_ which overlooks Southgate Green, and _The Woodman_ on Bourne Hill. Former public house _The Woolpack_ on the nearby High Street is now a restaurant.

Local newspapers

The local newspapers are, as of 2018:

  Newspaper               Link
  ----------------------- ------
  _Enfield Independent_   [37]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13] Dumayne, Alan _Southgate A Glimpse Into the Past,_ 1987, , p94-7

[14] https://www.thejc.com/culture/interviews/interview-ron-moody-1.20187

[15]

[16]

[17] Flora Robson#Legacies

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

title: Southgate, London

question: What does the text say about the local football league?

question: What does the text say about Southgate?

answer: Southgate is a suburban area of north London, England, in the London Borough of Enfield. It is located north of Charing Cross. The name is derived from the area being the "south gate" to Enfield Chase. An urban district of Middlesex, Southgate was created by the Local Government Act 1894. In 1933, the Municipal Borough of Southgate was created but abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 and incorporated within the new London Borough of Enfield, including areas that had been within the Municipal Boroughs of Enfield and Edmonton. The nearest tube to most of Southgate's residential area is Southgate station on the Piccadilly line. Southgate is a cosmopolitan district that has had a prominent Jewish community since the early 20th century. There are also many Greek, Greek Cypriot, Japanese, and Turkish families living in the district. As of the 2011 census, White British makes up 45% of the population, followed by Other White at 20%. Enfield Southgate is the parliamentary constituency covering part of Southgate represented by Bambos Charalambous.

question: Summarize the most interesting facts about Southgate.

answer: Southgate was originally the South Gate of Enfield Chase, the King's hunting grounds. This is reflected in the street names Chase Road and Chase Side. There was another medieval settlement called South Street which had grown up around a village green. The two settlements merged in 1829 and became today's Southgate Green. The Southgate tube station, an art deco Grade II building designed by Charles Holden, is within the area. The Grade I listed Grovelands House and Grovelands Park can be found in Southgate. The Southgate Green conservation area contains several notable Grade II listed buildings such as Arnoside House and Essex House, Sandford House & Norbury House, Old House & Essex Coach House, 40 The Green, and the Valentine Poole houses. Christ Church, near Southgate Green, was built on the site of Weld Chapel, which was built in 1615 and demolished in 1863. The clock on the church was placed to commemorate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. The church contains London's largest collection of pre-raphaelite stained glass by Morris, Marshall Faulkner & Co.

question: What does the text say about the religious facilities that can be found in Southgate?

answer: Southgate has four synagogues: Cockfosters and North Southgate, Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue, Southgate Progressive Synagogue in Oakwood, and Chabad Southgate. There are also four churches: Christ Church, the parish of St. Andrew, Emmanuel Evangelical Church, and Southgate Methodist Church. Oak Hill College is a theological college located on Chase Side training both Anglican and Independent students. While not a religious group, The Southgate Masonic Centre can also be found in the area. Opened in 1968, it is home to 60 Lodges of which 15 are from Middlesex, along with 5 Chapters.