text:
ANTONIO BALDACCI (1867–1950) was an Italian scholar, botanist, and geographer.

Life

Baldacci carried out field research in the southern Balkans from the end of the 19th century onward. He published many articles on Albanian and Balkan flora, as well as several monographs on Albania.[1]

Baldacci organized a committee which supported the Montenegrin Greens during and after the Christmas Uprising, until at least 1921.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Antonio Baldacci (botanist)

question: Where was Antonio Baldacci from?

answer: Italy.

question: When did he carry out his research?

answer: From the end of the 19th century onward.

question: Where did he carry out field research?

answer: The Balkans.

question: What did the committee he organized support?

answer: The Montenegrin Greens.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Antonio Baldacci was an Italian scholar, botanist, and photographer. He did a lot of his research in the Balkans from the end of the 19th century onward.


split: test

text:
The '''Class 450 ''' was a type of diesel multiple unit (DMU) formerly used by Northern Ireland Railways. They were affectionately nicknamed 'Thumpers' and 'Castles' (also known as the Castle Class) by rail enthusiasts.

History

[451 passing in 1986] [458 at Hilden] In the mid 1980s, Northern Ireland Railways was in the process of upgrading its rolling stock. Having already purchased three new locomotives, it then proceeded to purchase replacements for its Class 70 diesel multiple units. A total of nine three car trains were constructed by British Rail Engineering Limited between 1985 and 1987 intended to supplement the existing Class 80 DMUs then in service. The trains were constructed using underframes of existing Mark 1 coaching stock, altered to and new Mark 3 bodyshells. Because of this, they bore a strong resemblance to the British Rail Class 150, British Rail Class 210, British Rail Class 317, British Rail Class 318 and British Rail Class 455, as they use Mark 3 bodyshells. These were combined with refurbished power units and traction motors from the withdrawn Class 70 units (there were only eight Class 70 units available to be salvaged, so the equipment for the ninth train came from a withdrawn Class 80 train, powercar 88 that was damaged at a collision at Hilden.)

The power cars of the Class 450 units were named after various Northern Irish castles.[1] They entered service in a cream, orange, and red livery.

On Thursday 9 March 1995, a 450 Class train was used to form a royal train when Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the Dargan Bridge, composed of two cars from 455 coupled to two cars from 459.

The Class 450 operated on the same principle as the prototype Class 210 DMUs on the British network, in that they consisted of a single power car containing the traction and generating equipment (numbered 45x), an intermediate trailer car (numbered 79x) and a driving trailer (numbered 78x) as permanently formed 3 car sets. An additional “8” was added to the start of all the cars so that they could be used by Translink's computer system.

In 2005, the entire fleet underwent an extensive refurbishment to bring them up to a similar standard to the newly introduced Class 3000 units, enabling them to remain in service for at least another 5 to 7 years.[2] This took them up to the point where they became “life-expired.”[3]

In 2011, the entire Class 450 fleet, together with the remaining Class 80 units, was listed by NI Railways for disposal.[4]

Current status

The entire Class 450 fleet was withdrawn from service in 2012, following the arrival of enough Class 4000 units to displace the 450 units serving the Larne Line and Portrush branch. Eight out of the nine units have been cut up for scrap. The sole remaining example has been purchased for preservation by the Downpatrick and County Down Railway.

  Key:   bgcolor=lightgrey |Scrapped   bgcolor=lightskyblue |Preserved
  ------ ----------------------------- ---------------------------------

  Number   Power Car Name           Intermediate Number   Driving Trailer Number   Status      Notes
  -------- ------------------------ --------------------- ------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  451      _Belfast Castle_         791                   781                      Scrapped    Cut up at York Road. Scrapped in Ahoghill, Sunday 29 April 2012.
  452      _Olderfleet Castle_      792                   782                      Scrapped    Cut up at York Road. scrapped in Ahoghill, Sunday 22 April 2012.
  453      _Moiry Castle_           793                   783                      Scrapped    Cut up at Adelaide Depot. Scrapped at Ahoghill, Tuesday 21 May 2013.
  454      _Carrickfergus Castle_   794                   784                      Scrapped    Cut up at Adelaide Depot. Scrapped at Ahoghill, Monday 13 May 2013.
  455      _Galgorm Castle_         795                   785                      Scrapped    Cut at Ballymena and scrapped at Ahoghill, Tuesday 31 Jan - Wednesday 1 February 2017.
  456      _Gosford Castle_         796                   786                      Scrapped    Cut up and scrapped in Ballymena, Wednesday 1 May 2013.
  457      _Bangor Castle_          797                   787                      Scrapped    Cut up at Adelaide Depot. Scrapped at Ahoghill, Monday 20 May 2013.
  458      _Antrim Castle_          798                   788                      Preserved   Moved from York road depot on the 27th and 28th of September 2014 and is now preserved at the Downpatrick & County Down Railway.
  459      _Killyleagh Castle_      799                   789                      Scrapped    Cut up at Adelaide Depot. Scrapped at Ahoghill, Wednesday 15 May 2013.

Withdrawal Timeline

[450's at Adelaide|thumb|453 & 457 At Adelaide prior to scrapping]

  Date                Event
  ------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  September 2011      Units 451 and 452 withdrawn with camshaft failure.
  22 January 2012     Units 453 and 457 withdrawn and moved to Bangor centre siding. Units 454 and 459 withdrawn and moved to parcels siding.
  18 February 2012    Unit 455 worked a MRSI farewell tour for the 450 Class, visiting areas such as and .
  2 March 2012        Unit 458 works the last 450 Class passenger service with the 18:45 service from to .
  30 March 2012       Units 455 and 456 moved to railway yard, Unit 458 moved to parcels siding. All three units remained in stock in case of an emergency requirement, but were not called upon.
  22 April 2012       452 Cut up at York Road and later scrapped at Ahoghill.
  29 April 2012       451 Cut up at York Road and later scrapped at Ahoghill.
  1 July 2012         All Class 450 units officially withdrawn from stock.
  3 February 2013     Unit 458 moved from Belfast Central parcel siding to York Road
  May 2013            Unit 456 Scrapped at Ballymena
  12 May 2013         Units 454 and 459 moved from Belfast Central parcel siding to Adelaide Depot, and scrapped a few days later
  19 May 2013         Units 453 and 457 moved from Bangor to Adelaide Depot, and scrapped a few days later
  27 September 2014   458's Driving Trailer moved by road from York Road depot, Belfast, to the Downpatrick & County Down Railway
  28 September 2014   458's Intermediate and Power Car moved by road from York Road depot, Belfast, to the Downpatrick & County Down Railway
  31 January 2017     455's Driving Trailer and Intermediate scrapped at Ballymena.
  1 February 2017     455's Power Car scrapped at Ballymena.

Operations

[Class 450 unit at in 2009] Originally they operated on suburban services on the Larne and Bangor Lines, occasionally serving the Newry Line as well, with occasional appearances on the Derry line.

With the arrival of the Class 3000 trains in 2003, the 450s still had to be retained, as the 3000s were only a like-for-like replacement of the old Class 80 units. By the year of their withdrawal, the Class 450 units had mostly been relegated to weekday services on the Larne Line and the Portrush Line shuttle, however at weekends there were enough Class 3000 trains to operate these services.

The gradual entry into service of the Class 4000 trains in 2012 saw the Class 450 units each displaced by a new Class 4000 unit as one became available, until they were all finally withdrawn.

Fleet details

  Class       Operator                    No. Built   Year Built   Cars per Set   Unit nos.
  ----------- --------------------------- ----------- ------------ -------------- -----------
  CLASS 450   Northern Ireland Railways   9           1985-1987    3              451 – 459

In Preservation

One example of the class has been preserved, by the Downpatrick & County Down Railway. Unit 458 _Antrim Castle_ was moved by road from York Road Depot, Belfast, over the weekend of 27–28 September 2014. During a two-day operation, the set was split into Driving Trailer, Intermediate and Power Car at Belfast and then, one-by-one, the carriages were taken by lorry to Downpatrick where they were reassembled. The Driving Trailer arrived on 27 September 2014, with the Intermediate and Power Car arriving the following day. The complete 458 successfully ran under its own power on 11 October 2014, and one week later on 18 October 2014, made a surprise appearance at the Irish Traction Group's Diesel Gala—the first time the unit had carried passengers since withdrawal by NIR in 2012.

The DCDR stated that it planned to convert 458 into a standby buffet train.

File:Downpatrick 5.jpg File:458 At Downpatrick.JPG

Gallery

File:A diesel train approaching - geograph.org.uk - 350751.jpg File:Arrival at Larne Town station - geograph.org.uk - 2678520.jpg File:Whitehead station (3) - geograph.org.uk - 1044019.jpg File:Gt Victoria Street station, Belfast (4) - geograph.org.uk - 1177927.jpg File:Dhu Varren station (3) - geograph.org.uk - 785598.jpg File:Whitehead station at twilight (2) - geograph.org.uk - 1037043.jpg

[1] Irish Railway Record Society - Northern Ireland Railways

[2] Translink - New Central Corridor

[3] Northern Ireland Railways Strategic Review - Final Report

[4] Rail Vehicles for Disposal - Translink

title: NIR Class 450

question: Summarize the history behind the manufacturing of the "Class 450" units of the Nothern Ireland Railways.

answer: The "Class 250" units were an upgrade and replacements for the Class 80 DMU diesel units. A total of nine three-car trains were constructed between 1985 and 1987 using the underframes of the existing Mark 1 stock which was altered to the new Mark 3 bodyshells. Because of these modifications, the Class 450 bore a strong resemblance to the British Rail Class 150, Class 210, Class 317, Class 318, and Class 455 as they all use Mark 3 bodyshells. The Class 450 were then named after various Northern Irish castles.

question: Why was the Class 450 manufactured by the British Rail Engineering Limited instead of using a private enterprise rail engineering company in Northern Ireland?


text:
After weeks of litigation and thousands of dollars in legal fees, the Facebook squabble between Bradley County Sheriff Eric Watson and a group of atheists has been settled.

On Thursday, the American Atheists organization received $41,000 after settling a federal lawsuit with the county and its sheriff's department stemming from Watson's decision to post a religious Easter message on the department's Facebook page.

The atheist group and a Bradley County resident filed the lawsuit in May, saying Watson violated their First Amendment rights by posting the message "He is risen" and deleting comments posted by detractors.

The Times Free Press previously reported that the complainant, identified simply as "Jane Doe," commented on the post under a pseudonym on April 5. When it was deleted, she complained to Lindsay Hathcock, assistant to Bradley County Mayor D. Gary Davis, according to the lawsuit.

Later that day, the sheriff's office blocked the Facebook account Doe maintains using her real name, even though she had never posted from that account on the sheriff's site before, the suit states.

She complained to the sheriff's office and that account was unblocked, but other critical comments made under her pseudonym continued to be blocked.

As part of the agreement, the new BCSO Facebook page will not be used to promote any religion, religious organization, religious event or belief, according to a news release from the American Atheists.

The release states that "while the county and sheriff admit to no wrongdoing under the agreement, the county will pay a total of $15,000 in damages to American Atheists and the local plaintiffs, Joshua Stevens and Jane Doe, and $26,000 in attorney's fees."

"This settlement is a clear win for the plaintiffs, whose First Amendment rights to free speech and to be free of government establishment of religion were infringed upon," said Amanda Knief, National Legal and Public Policy Director of American Atheists.

"We are pleased the sheriff has agreed to do the right thing by no longer using this official government social media account to promote religion."

But Watson, in his own new release, said the decision to settle for $41,000 was a business decision made by the Local Government Insurance Pool and was not his decision.

"IT WAS NOT COUNTY FUNDS and I maintained my denial of responsibility for any violation of the rights of the Plaintiffs," he wrote.

Watson's release stated that the case was result of the "inevitable clash between three clauses of the First Amendment. 'Our Government shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech."

According to the release, the BCSO will maintain its Facebook page while Watson will maintain both his personal Facebook page and another page which will advise visitors that he is personally responsible for content posted there.

"The people who visit will be able to know my personal opinions, expressions of faith and other views in a totally unimpeded manner," he stated in the release.

Speaking about the original post, Watson said, "That post reflects my faith which is founded on the belief that Jesus Christ died for my sins and the sins of mankind."

The resident who helped file the suit as "Jane Doe" said she made the right decision in pursuing legal action, according to the release from the atheists' organization.

"I have always said that Constitutional rights are worth fighting for, and I am proud that when tested, I stood by that principle. It was not easy to stand up to the county sheriff and some people in my community who disagreed with me," she said.

"Despite some negative backlash, I do not regret taking action against government censorship. If you don't stand up for yourself, you risk losing your rights."

_Contact staff writer Emmett Gienapp at egienapp@timesfreepress.com or 423-757-6731. Follow on Twitter @emmettgienapp_.

question: What does Watson state about his views as opposed to the settlement out of court?

answer: Watson states that the decision to settle was made by the Local Government Insurance Pool and was not his wish. He claims that his rights to freedom of speech and freedom of religion are protected by the constitution, and he has a right to express his faith in Jesus Christ.


text:
	I stare down at my arm. It’s so pale and unblemished. I slowly lift up my razor blade. I can feel it’s cold anticipation, ready to tear my skin apart, which is exactly what it’s going to do. I drag it across my flesh in a long slow drag. I watch as the warm crimson spreads. My arm, my clothes, -nothing remains dry. Why do I do this to myself? I keep saying that I’m going to stop.
	Suddenly there is a knock at my door. I panic. I wrap a dirty cloth around my arm and run into the hotel closet. “Get out here right now you little bitch.” I can already tell who it is from their voice. My drug dealer. As I’m crouching in the closet I try to slow my breathing, but my heart jumps when the door is kicked in. There’s a tiny hole in the closet door, and I lean forward to put my eye to it. I can see he’s brought company. They’ve moved into another area of my hotel room, possibly the kitchen. I close my eyes as I strain to hear them, but by the time I open my eyes I’m too late. I feel a searing hot rod force its way into the back of my skull. I can’t stop screaming, and that attracts the rest of the men.
	I have no choice but to obey. I come out of the closet quietly while they tie me up.  I try to remain calm, but I falter as the boss begins to talk. “Guess what Sabrina? I woke up today and I found all my drugs and money gone. You’re the last person I’ve sold to in days. What did you do with them?
	I have no idea what he’s talking about. He’s probably high right now. But then I suddenly remember something. The razor blade on my bed. At the current moment they have me tied up, lying face down on the floor. I look up at him and use my most innocent voice. “I didn’t do it, but I know who did. But right now I’m a little uncomfortable. You can keep me tied up, but please let me lie down on the bed. “
	“Why should I care if you’re comfortable or not?”
“Because otherwise I’m going to say a thing.”
	“I guess I’ll just have to beat it outta ya.”
I smile a cocky grin. “You already poked out one of my eyes and I haven’t said anything yet.” I hear him curse under his breath as he throws me onto the bed.  Within seconds I find the razor blade and start to cut at the rope that imprisons me. I’m done quickly and he doesn’t even notice.
	“Quite stalling and tell me something already.”
“Oh, I’ll tell you something.”
	“what’s that?”
“you’re going to die.”
I throw my razor, quick and sleek, and watch as his red crimson spills out. His goonies have seen enough, and bolt for the door.  They think they’re going to get away, but they’re not. I grab the two closest things on the end table next to my bed, a pen and a vase. I sprint out my door and quickly catch them in the parking garage. The first assailant makes the mistake of turning around to look at me, and I smash the vase into his face, sending a million shards of glass into his eyes, flesh, and even mouth. I grab a piece before it hits the ground and I kill him like I did his boss, by slicing his throat. This whole time his buddy has just been standing there, watching me kill him. Once his friend is done it’s only me and him, and he has my full attention. I take my pen and jab it into his right eye, just like the one that got damaged on my own face less than five minutes ago. I quickly pluck the pen back out and sink it into his heart, and let his body drop. I don’t care about the mess, let the staff clean it up.

title: I just thought this up. it's my first story. Sorry if it's to gory/bloody/graphic

question: What does the story say about Sabrina's relationship with the man that enters her hotel room?

answer: Sabrina was about to commit suicide using a razor when her drug dealer comes to her hotel room and accuses her of taking his drugs and money. She does not know what he is talking about. He ties Subrina up, but she uses the razor to cut the rope and kills him.

question: What does the story say about Sabrina's childhood?


text:
The Sunspider crawls along my arm, its gem-body focusing the sun, leaving a tingling pain and barely burned line in my skin. It backs along, licking up the cooked flesh. It doesn't bother me, but I know it once made the others squeamish. I've grown used to it, and I love that I am contributing to the next generation of partners in my world. At the end of the hot months, I will spy them among the early ice crystals and know I am part of them. I move my arm down to the sand to allow this little mother to move on, and walk through past the small rock outcrop.

Away from the rocks, the sun seems harsher, and I squint from the pain it brings my eyes. The summer months are still to come; the spring is short. I must find a quiet place to sleep again.

As I move across the dried salt plains, I shield my eyes with my robe and look out to the horizon. The next set of rocky hills are distant. When I sleep so long, all changes. Mountains rise, though the oceans are long gone. For so long here it has been just the Sunspiders and I...I sleep my seasons, awake to greet them, and walk ahead to find the next tomb, hoping I am not the only and the last doing so.

The thousands-of-days winter has led to my travelling springtime. I sleep during the blackness and cold, then again during the fiery long summers as it bakes the world. The short spring and autumn are wonderful to me as I rise again to walk.

The days are brilliant, and each step forward is a memory so many before. The tap of my feet in the dust echoes the past. The nights are my calm rest, as I stare at the stars. I remember clouds. When they existed, I ignored them except as they prevented me from seeing into the distances. I know all things move, even those stars, but I'm not able to visualize the changes that have happened since my youth, though it's been so long that they must have.

I'm not sure what to expect. I spend all these times thinking that this will be the moment when I see something left behind from when I was not alone. Yet I know that with each sleep and each cycle around the sun the chance of spotting a connection to history lessens. Apparently I am the only thing made to last forever, as even the decaying foundations of our previous civilization fade away into oddly-coloured dust, and then disappear entirely in the winds.

I don't count the days walking toward my goal. I note that it gets hotter as I move along. The spring seems shorter each time, and I wonder if next time I will remember to keep track.

And then I am at the bottom of the outcropping. I stare up, the sun behind me, looking for glints and squared shadows that might be some sign. I am not disappointed when I don't find what I did not expect to see. The next morning I climb, and move sideways around the rocks, stopping frequently to stare again. Nothing.

I climb, and seek the caves, cracks and shadows...seeking a safe place to retire. Each small shadow is a relief from the sun, but not accommodating to my form. With practised effort, I pull myself up on a ledge and stop, as everything inside me screams. From deep within me, I yell and shriek, while standing utterly motionless.

A line! A depth! The remains of an old fire! A scrap of metal! My eyes are on fire, pupils opened as wide as they can, taking this simple but incredible view deep inside me!

I clutch at my sides and shake. I cannot move forward. I cannot risk this being a mirage.

I turn away, overwhelmed with everything...and fall. With shock I don't scramble to find hold in the empty air. I watched what I have sought for so long disappearing away from me in the distance, like it were falling away from me, and the whole world shifting in my view.

I think I remember bouncing. I don't remember coming to a stop between two jagged boulders. I am broken, flesh torn and whatever has been keeping me going all this time falling apart and falling out. It's early morning and I am looking up toward the sun. Its heat shines at my eyes and I watch where I hope shadows begin to appear.

A fire glints above me. A Sunspider, an identical diamond to the ones I have known. Not quite alive, and not dead. Much like me.

Another, and another...and soon hundreds. A thousand Sunspiders above me, their scattered light twinkling on everything around me. I cannot move, but I watched. I could not begin to count them above me, as they crawl over each other, refracting each others light, sending it in all directions. The are joining, separating, and spreading across the gap above me, creating a glowing shield. It's like nothing I have seen before, and I nearly forget my state. As they lock together and slow their frenzied actions, I seem them adjust, like a ripple on a pond, and I am struck that I still remember water.

They are focusing that light, and that sun. Together, like a giant lens, and I know they are part of me from all the times I've taken care of them. A shudder, and I know. They are finishing things. With that much power together, they are taking care of me. A funeral pyre. I think I smile, as they put an end to my journey. I'll become the dust in the winds and still keep travelling this world.

title: "Sunspider Sunset" - please comment and constructively critique. Note that nameless/ageless/genderless is entirely intentional.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: It is unclear who they are. They are the remains of some civilization.

question: What does the narrator see in the distance?

answer: They see scrap metal and the remains of a fire.

question: How does the narrator feel?

answer: They feel not quite alive, nor quite dead.

question: What are the Sunspiders doing at the end of the story?

answer: They are creating a funeral pyre for the narrator.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator allows a Sunspider to crawl on them and lick their cooked flesh. The narrator travels, and the days feel endless. One day they see what looks like the remains of an old fire and a scrap of metal. They turn away, overwhelmed, and fall. They can't get up. A thousand Sunspiders crawl on top of the narrator, creating a giant lens to make a funeral pyre for the narrator.


text:
Hail Tenno!

I’m here to talk nitty-gritty on a large systemic change that was discussed on Devstream 101: our upcoming changes to physical damage types and status procs.

SETTING THE STAGE:

Since Damage 2.0, physical damage has three types (Impact, Puncture and Slash, often referred to as IPS) brought to the forefront of Arsenals for modding and weapon diversity. There are also ten elemental damage types, consisting of four base elements (cold, electricity, heat and toxin) and the six combinations formed by modding two elements together. Each of these damage types is stronger or weaker against specific enemy types.

However, each of these damage types also have “status effects” that can be applied based on a “procedural random chance” percentage, often known as procs. Impact procs cause enemies to stagger, Puncture procs reduce the enemy’s damage output by a flat 30%, and Slash procs inflict “bleed” damage over time. Slash has long been considered the most powerful of these effects, primarily because Slash procs stack on top of one another and scale with weapon damage, while both Puncture and Impact procs could only have their flat effects refreshed.

LEVELING THE FIELD:

Those of you who watched our most recent Devstream will remember Khora, our next Warframe. Her powers allow players to switch between Impact, Puncture and Slash type modes, influencing the damage skew of her abilities. We saw this exciting new idea as an opportunity to revisit the various status proc types, and shake things up a bit!

In an update coming soon, we will be making changes to IPS status effects and proc damage calculation. Our primary goal was improving Impact and Puncture; both of these procs will now _scale in effectiveness_, based on the damage dealt. An Impact proc with a small damage output (like a single Akstilletto bullet) will still only cause a short stagger, while an Impact proc with high damage output (like a Vulkar shot) can scale all the way up to a ragdoll, temporarily immobilizing them. In a similar manner, Puncture procs will now scale in effectiveness from 10% to 75% damage reduction, based on the damage dealt at the time of proc. Slash will continue working as it does now, stacking multiple status effects on top of one another.

COVERING OUR BASES:

Here’s where the math starts to get complicated - for all you stat-savvy Saryns and min-maxing Mesas out there, read on!

Our more observant theorycrafters may see a flaw in the examples given above - these new damage-scaling procs would favour weapons that can output large damage amounts all at once, like snipers. In order to help rapid fire weapons compete in this regard, we are also making a systemic change to repeating procs: additional status effects will not “reproc”, but will instead additively increase the effectiveness of the existing proc. The upgraded proc is calculated using the damage total from the original proc and the new proc added together. For Puncture, this also refreshes the duration of the proc.

We are also making a change in how a proc’s associated damage output is calculated - before, a Slash proc would scale based on the weapon’s total base damage output. Now, all procs will be calculated using ONLY the damage type of the proc that is being inflicted. Players may feel encouraged to focus their weapon builds around certain damage types in order to consistently inflict powerful procs, or go for raw damage across several damage types to inflict multiple procs at once!

To help visualize how these changes will look, let's deep dive into the physical damage types to see how they play out in-game:

IMPACT now serves as a great means of crowd control. Got a Corpus Tech threatening your excavator? Immobilize priority targets by unloading your Akstillettos, giving you more time to address the threat. Overwhelmed by an army of MOAs? Level entire rooms with something like a Strun!

PUNCTURE can be used to minimize enemy lethality for frames with less survivability. Using high status puncture melees like Boltace or Endura, go blow-for-blow with Butchers and Powerfists without breaking a sweat. And if your Lex Prime can’t oneshot the Heavy Gunner rumbling towards your defense point, the enemy’s damage will be diminished long enough to safely deal the finishing blow.

SLASH works the same as it ever did, stacking bleed damage over time to make short work of enemies. Your 100% status Tigris Prime will still eviscerate single targets with multiple procs, while something like a Galatine will still inflict more serious singular procs in a wider area - ‘tis but a scratch.

FINAL INTENTIONS:

It's important that everyone understands our goals and what led us to the above changes. When designing Khora, an Impact/Puncture/Slash based frame, we knew it was time to bring up Impact and Puncture to Slash competitive levels of desirability thanks to long-term feedback. Having a frame specialize in the physical damage types is a pretty appropriate way to debut changes! Please approach all feedback with the understanding that from our end, our goal is a more interesting systemic change. Any edge case things that feel like massive nerfs should be civilly listed so we can address.

...AND WHAT ABOUT ELEMENTALS!?

With little time remaining in the year to properly iterate, we decided to split this into two parts. Part 1 is Physical and it is coming soon on PC. Part 2 is Elemental and coming in 2018. We didn't want to release something wholesale over the Holidays that we wouldn't be around to properly monitor. You will be seeing a new Dev Workshop in 2018 on Part 2 - Happy Holidays!

 EDITED DECEMBER 19, 2017 BY [DE]REBECCA

question: What does the text say about damage types?

answer: Warframe's physical damage has three types (Impact, Puncture, and Slash). Their armors have four base elements and ten elemental damage types. Six combinations can be formed by modding two elements together.

question: What does the text say about the process of leveling the field?

answer: The game will be having an update soon and will be making changes to the IPS status. The game devs will be improving Impact and Puncture. The game will also be releasing Khora, the next Warframe.

question: What does the text say about damage-scaling procs?

answer: Additional status effects will not "reproc." The new damage-scaling procs would favor weapons that can output large damage amounts all at once. The upgraded proc will be made up of the damage total from the original and the proc added together.

question: What does the text say about the companies final intentions?

answer: The Warframe company's goal is to have a frame specialize in physical damage type while debuting new damage changes.


text:
1.  TurboTax /
2.  Tax Calculators & Tips /
3.  Tax Tips Guides & Videos /
4.  IRS Tax Return /
5.  What Are Tax Exemptions?

Updated for Tax Year 2017

------------------------------------------------------------------------

OVERVIEW

Tax exemptions come in many forms, but one thing they all have in common is they either reduce or entirely eliminate your obligation to pay tax. Most taxpayers are entitled to an exemption on their tax return that reduces your tax bill in the same way a deduction does. Federal and state governments frequently exempt organizations from income tax entirely when it serves the public, such as with charities and religious organizations.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

For tax years prior to 2018, personal and dependent tax exemptions play an important role in determining your federal taxable income. Beginning with the 2018 tax year, personal and dependent exemptions are no longer used on your federal tax return.

Personal exemptions

For tax years prior to 2018, if you are not claimed as a dependent on another taxpayer's return, then you can claim one personal tax exemption. This is a fixed amount that generally increases each year. The exemption reduces your taxable income just like a deduction does, but has fewer restrictions to claiming it. If you are married and file a joint tax return, both you and your spouse each get an exemption.

Dependent exemptions

For tax years prior to 2018, the IRS allows you to take additional exemptions for each dependent you claim. Frequently, the source of these exemptions are the children who live with you for more than half the year, are under 19 years old (or under 24 if a full-time student) and who don't provide more than half of their own financial support during the tax year. Some of your relatives can also qualify to be your dependents if they live with you and even your parents who don't.

Tax-exempt organizations

For an organization to receive tax-exempt status, it must satisfy all IRS requirements. Generally, these are organizations that don't operate for profit and provide valuable services to the community such as a charity.

If an organization receives tax-exempt status it's not required to pay federal income tax, but must maintain accurate records to keep its status. Donations you make to these organizations usually entitle you to claim a charitable contribution deduction if you itemize.

State and local exemptions

State, county and municipal governments also provide tax exemptions to businesses to stimulate the local economy. For example, a business may be exempt from paying local property taxes if it moves its operations to a particular geographic area. In Massachusetts, the state provides many telecommunication companies that provide cable television, Internet access and public broadcasts of radio and television an exemption from sales tax. Many cities and states also offer sales tax holidays where consumers can purchase goods without paying state or local sales taxes.

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question: What does the text say about taxes individuals face?

answer: The article discusses tax deductions and exemptions in the US. Individuals can choose one personal tax exemption for years before 2018, and they also get to have exemptions for dependents (children under 18, full-time students under 24, parents, and relatives living with you). Donating to a generally tax-exempt organization (charities, churches, etc.) also allow one to claim the donations as tax-exempt. States can choose to forego sales taxes in certain situations as well.

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text:
[A map of Merrick County, Nebraska] MERRICK COUNTY is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,845.[1] Its county seat is Central City.[2]

Merrick County is part of the Grand Island, NE Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Merrick County is represented by the prefix 46 (it had the 46th-largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).

History

Merrick County was formed in 1858, and was organized in 1864.[3][4][5] It was named for Elvira Merrick, the maiden name of the wife of territorial legislator Henry W. DePuy, who introduced the bill that created the county.[6]

When first formed, the county was bounded on the south by the Platte River, and by straight lines on the north, east, and west; enclosing 180 square miles (470 km²) of the Pawnee Reservation, which had been established in 1857. In 1873, the state legislature removed these reservation lands from the county, leaving it with a jagged northern border from which narrow panhandles extended northward from the northeast and northwest corners. In 1897, the Pawnee Reservation became Nance County.[7]

Geography

The terrain of Merrick County is low rolling plains, sloping to the east and northeast. Most of the area is under cultivation. The Platte River flows northeastward along the southeast border line of the county. A smaller drainage, Prairie Creek, parallels the river, flowing northeastward through the center of the county before discharging into the Platte River northeast of Merrick County.[8] The county has an area of , of which is land and (1.9%) is water.[9]

Major highways

-   [] U.S. Highway 30
-   [] Nebraska Highway 14
-   [] Nebraska Highway 22
-   [] Nebraska Highway 39
-   [] Nebraska Highway 92

Adjacent counties

-   Platte County – northeast
-   Polk County – east
-   Hamilton County – south
-   Hall County – southwest
-   Howard County – west
-   Nance County – north

Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census,[10] there were 8,204 people, 3,209 households, and 2,307 families in the county. The population density was 17 people per square mile (7/km²). There were 3,649 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.32% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. 2.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,209 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.10% were married couples living together, 6.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.99.

The county population contained 27.50% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 17.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,961, and the median income for a family was $39,729. Males had a median income of $26,998 versus $19,828 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,958. About 7.00% of families and 8.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

-   Central City (county seat)

Villages

-   Chapman
-   Clarks
-   Palmer
-   Silver Creek

Census-designated place

-   Archer

Unincorporated communities

-   Havens
-   Lockwood
-   Paddock
-   Worms

Townships

-   Central
-   Chapman
-   Clarksville
-   Lone Tree
-   Loup
-   Mead
-   Midland
-   Prairie Creek
-   Prairie Island
-   Silver Creek
-   Vieregg

Politics

Merrick County voters have been strongly Republican for decades. In no national election since 1936 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2016).

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third Parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |77.2% _2,926_   style=“text-align:center;” |15.9% _602_     6.9% _260_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |71.4% _2,490_   style=“text-align:center;” |26.5% _925_     2.1% _74_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |69.2% _2,375_   style=“text-align:center;” |28.7% _986_     2.0% _70_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |75.8% _2,771_   style=“text-align:center;” |22.8% _833_     1.5% _53_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |71.3% _2,380_   style=“text-align:center;” |25.4% _848_     3.4% _112_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |58.7% _2,084_   style=“text-align:center;” |28.1% _997_     13.3% _471_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |48.7% _1,854_   style=“text-align:center;” |22.7% _864_     28.7% _1,093_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |66.2% _2,376_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.2% _1,192_   0.7% _24_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |76.1% _2,700_   style=“text-align:center;” |23.1% _818_     0.8% _28_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |73.4% _2,710_   style=“text-align:center;” |19.3% _712_     7.4% _272_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |60.2% _2,229_   style=“text-align:center;” |36.7% _1,360_   3.1% _113_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |73.2% _2,418_   style=“text-align:center;” |26.8% _887_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |65.9% _2,031_   style=“text-align:center;” |27.3% _840_     6.9% _212_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |50.8% _1,798_   style=“text-align:center;” |49.2% _1,741_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |69.0% _2,744_   style=“text-align:center;” |31.0% _1,234_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |71.7% _2,857_   style=“text-align:center;” |28.3% _1,126_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |77.3% _3,288_   style=“text-align:center;” |22.7% _965_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |62.1% _2,074_   style=“text-align:center;” |37.9% _1,267_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |65.9% _2,691_   style=“text-align:center;” |34.1% _1,390_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |66.3% _2,886_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.7% _1,466_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |48.4% _2,367_   style=“text-align:center;” |49.1% _2,401_   2.4% _119_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |36.2% _1,698_   style=“text-align:center;” |61.4% _2,881_   2.5% _117_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |69.6% _3,269_   style=“text-align:center;” |29.9% _1,403_   0.6% _27_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |54.3% _2,324_   style=“text-align:center;” |26.6% _1,137_   19.1% _816_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |65.1% _2,385_   style=“text-align:center;” |29.4% _1,075_   5.5% _203_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |44.8% _1,178_   style=“text-align:center;” |51.3% _1,349_   3.8% _101_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |22.7% _526_     style=“text-align:center;” |40.9% _950_     36.4% _845_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1908   style=“text-align:center;” |46.9% _1,133_   style=“text-align:center;” |44.8% _1,081_   8.3% _201_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1904   style=“text-align:center;” |61.1% _1,275_   style=“text-align:center;” |19.2% _400_     19.7% _412_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1900   style=“text-align:center;” |52.3% _1,212_   style=“text-align:center;” |43.0% _996_     4.8% _110_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] “Merrick County's 100th Year: 1858-1958”. NEGenWeb Project. Retrieved 28 December 2009.

[8] [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Merrick+County,+NE/@41.3271251,-97.8317663,15.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x879a04f2f9335a33:0x873749161fcf4c6f!8m2!3d41.2031926!4d-98.0028892 _Merrick County NE_ Google Maps (accessed 23 January 2019)]

[9]

[10]

[11] Election Results

title: Merrick County, Nebraska

question: Summarize the demographics of Merrick County, Nebraska.

answer: The population of Merrick County was 7,845, as of the 2010 census, a decrease from 8,204 during the 2000 census which consisted of 3,209 households and 2,307 families. The population density was 17 people per square mile and consisted of 98.32% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 2.05% Hispanic, 0.1% Native American, 0.21% Asian and .01% Pacific Islander. About 27.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18-24, 24.7% from 25-44, 23.8% from 45-64 and 17.5% were over 65. The median age was 39 years.


text:
A plurality of people who call Jacksonville, Florida, home don't want President Donald Trump and Republicans holding their national convention in their town this summer.

That's according to a new poll commissioned by an anti-Trump group composed of GOP figures: Republican Voters Against Trump, which is tied to Republicans for the Rule of Law that consistently advocates for the president's removal from office.

Nearly half of voters surveyed—49 percent—said they do not support the Republican National Convention being held in Jacksonville, while 39 percent said they do. And 12 percent had no opinion. The survey also found that Trump trails presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden in a head-to-head match-up: 51 percent to 43 percent.

The results from the poll, conducted by bipartisan RABA Research, come in Jacksonville's Duval County, where Trump narrowly eked out a victory over Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in 2016.

They also come after the president's first campaign rally over the weekend in Tulsa since the coronavirus pandemic swept across the United States. Even in the red state of Oklahoma, Trump was met Saturday with a sea of empty blue seats in the unfilled arena, despite expectations by Trump and the campaign that they may experience an overflow crowd. Many young, anti-Trump people shared online that they registered for the rally with no intention of appearing.

[Troubling Jacksonville poll for Trump]

President Donald Trump stops to speak to the media in the rain on the South Lawn of the White House as he prepares to depart aboard Marine One for a rally in Tulsa, OK, on June 20 in Washington, D.C. Photo by Pete Marovich/Getty
"President Trump may be jonesing for adoring crowds, but as we saw this weekend in Tulsa, actual voters are not nearly as excited about attending risky, mass-gatherings as Trump is," Sarah Longwell, strategic director of Republican Voters Against Trump, said in a statement. "These results demonstrate that even in a critical county that Trump won in 2016, voters would rather he stay away."

The idea of shifting the RNC's August event from Charlotte, North Carolina, to the Sunshine State was "a loser among all demographics in Duval County," noted John Davis, a partner at RABA Research. He added in a statement that Biden's 8-point lead is an "ominous sign for his ability to hold a successful convention and rebuild his winning 2016 coalition in the state."

Fears over the ongoing pandemic appear to be front and center for Jacksonville residents' opposition to hosting the RNC, as Florida is emerging as the nation's new hotspot with the number of new daily cases at their highest rates since the start of the pandemic.

Most of the surveyed voters—61 percent—indicated they are "concerned" that the convention could create a new virus outbreak in the local community. Thirty-nine percent said they were not concerned.

The RNC was originally planned for Charlotte. And while delegates will still meet there to conduct the official nominating process, Trump and thousands of Republicans will pack into an arena in a state crucial for the president's re-election hopes as he officially accepts the GOP nomination. But most importantly, unlike Trump's newly adopted home state of Florida, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper, a Democrat, refused to forgo social distancing guidelines for the event.

The poll conducted by RABA occurred from June 17-18 among 600 voters in Duval County. Of the voters, 42 percent said they identified as a Democrat, 36 percent as Republican and 22 percent as "something else." Fifty-seven percent were women and 43 percent male. The majority—55 percent—were white, while 30 percent were Black, 7 percent Hispanic, 2 percent Asian and 6 percent were "other."

question: How many people oppose the Republican National Convention being held in Jacksonville, Florida?

answer: 49% of voters surveyed do not support the Republican National Convention being held in Jacksonville.

question: Who won the election in Duval County in 2016?

answer: Trump beat out Hillary Clinton in 2016.

question: Why are Jacksonville residents opposed to hosting the RNC?

answer: Residents are concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic and do not want to host a large event.

question: Where was the RNC supposed to be?

answer: The RNC was originally supposed to be in Charlotte.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: In a recent survey conducted by an anti-Trump GOP group, 49% of individuals said that they do not support the Republican National Convention being held in Jacksonville. One of the main reasons for this opposition is the COVID-19 pandemic, as Jacksonville has recently become a hotspot for the virus.


text:
[]

_“The ultimate solution is a multiplication of leverage by citizens to the point where it simply cannot be denied”. –_Clifford Carnicom

The materials disbursed in stratospheric aerosol geoengineering operations contain a combination of ionizable metallic salts, filaments, gel-type materials, and crystals. These are the longstanding and deeply interrogated observations of independent environmental research scientist Clifford Carnicom given on a December 10 conference call organized by GlobalSkywatch.com director Russ Tanner. During the meeting, coincidentally held on International Human Rights Day, Carnicom asserted that because the system of responsible government has failed, the immediate collective efforts of citizens are necessary “to claim their rights upon this planet.”[1]

[]His remarks were made just three months after his presentation at the Consciousness Beyond Chemtrailsconference held in Los Angeles last summer. In that talk, “Geoengineering and Bioengineering: The Unmistakable Link,” Carnicom upheld his research detecting such a correlation. “’Is there a direct relationship between the alteration of living systems (us) and ecosystems (the environment)?’” he asks. “My answer is unequivocally, ‘Yes.’”

Mr. Carnicom’s work began in 1999 when he noted clear changes in the skies overhead. He has since produced a large body of sound and meticulous yet accessible research reports examining the nature and contents of such aerosols, all of which are available at carnicominstitute.org.

[]

The implications of his observations—that virtually every breathing organism is an unwitting participant in a massive biological experiment of unknown purpose—have proven terrifying enough to prevent many individuals from even tentatively considering his investigations and hypotheses. “There’s a personal journey everyone has to take about the reality of this,” Carnicom told call participants.

The most well-known manifestation of such nano-biologicals is the oft-misunderstood Morgellons ailment, an especially unusual and disturbing condition marked by painful dermal lesions through which such nano-fibers protrude. Tammy, a participant on the conference call suffering from Morgellons who became intimately informed about the sickness because of Carnicom’s work, asked if the broader population was also susceptible.

“I want to be as accurate as possible if I’m going to make a public declaration,” Carnicom stated. “The diplomatic way of saying this is that the evidence indicates that the general population is subject to the very same symptoms that Tammy is experiencing.”

How can one determine whether they are an unknowing subject of bioengineering? In 2008 Carnicom presented a simple technique developed by naturopathic physician Gwen Scott for the lay population to detect the presence of nano-fibers in their bodies. A mouthwash consisting of two teaspoons dry red wine and one teaspoon hydrogen peroxide vigorously applied for five minutes yielded observable clumps of fibrous strands comprised of an “encasing filament, sub-micron filament network, Chlamydia-like structures and the ‘hybrid form’” in fourteen subjects tested from diverse geographic locations across the US.

According to Carnicom such organisms “have now been discovered repeatedly across all major body systems and functions, including skin, blood, hair, saliva, dental(gum), digestive, ear and urinary samples.” [2]

US GOVERNMENT’S CONFLICTED INTEREST

Shortly after Carnicom began his research in the late 1990s major government and corporate entities with probable ties to this program made numerous repeated visits to the researcher’s website. Their interest suggests the threat Carnicom’s investigations posed in making such programs publicly known. IP addresses employed to peruse the site included offices as high as the Secretary of Defense and Air Force Headquarters, as well as over one dozen US Air Force bases, several US-based research laboratories, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the corporate offices of Lockheed, Boeing, Merck Pharmaceuticals, Arco Chemical, Kaiser Permanente, and the Mayo Clinic.[3]
Yet such curiosity fails to permeate the US agencies entrusted with the preservation of the environment and public health. Even though Carnicom is producing especially valuable research and has persistently called for regulatory intervention on the public’s behalf, the EPA and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been wholly dismissive of his findings and requests to actively enforce existing laws intended to protect the environment and public health. Nor have these agencies presented comparable evidence of their own refuting Carnicom’s findings and justifying their failure to act upon the standards under which they are purportedly governed.

For example, when Carnicom sent the EPA samples of fibrous pollutants for analysis several years ago the agency responded, “It is not our policy to identify unsolicited materials.” Carnicom characterized this key instance of bureaucratic denial as “a powerhouse of innuendo and obfuscation that has never been resolved. When you have a specific mission statement you do not adopt a policy that suits the person in office at the time.”

Along these lines in early 2012 the CDC announced the findings of its inquiry into Morgellons by stating that it could not identify an origin for the fibers and concluding that individuals demonstrably suffering from the condition were “delusional.” Environmental writer Randy Ananda commented that the obfuscation merely provided cover for the Department of Defense’s ongoing experimentation.[4]

THE US GOVERNMENT AND HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION

The US government and military have long possessed the capacity and demonstrated the will to violate the Nuremberg Code by using nerve, biological, and radiological agents on unsuspecting human subjects.The fluoridation of public water supplies and above-ground nuclear testing are but a few dramatic and irrefutable examples. The premeditated will to do so further resounds in the government’s overt sponsorship of over 700 Nazi scientists under Operation Paperclip. The fruits of their research included the noxious and debilitating mycoplasma stealth pathogen derived from the brucellosis bacterium that likely infects many today.

Further, the US military’s ability to administer lethal substances on civilian populations is well established. In 1969 testimony before the House Defense Appropriations Committee the Pentagon’s Deputy Director of Research and Technology Dr. Donald MacArthur explained how “[l]ethal chemicals … about ten times more potent than the most toxic of World War I gases” could be released “in artillery shells or bombs, rockets, or you can deliver them from spray tanks … [T]o attack a complete city of many millions of people,” MacArthur continued, “let’s say a densely populated city like New York—it would take 300 to 400 tons efficiently dispersed to immobilize the city.”[5]

There are likewise numerous historical instances of the US government using citizens as nothing short of guinea pigs. For example, in 1994 Freedom of Information Act requests forced the US Army to divulge how in the mid-1950s it sprayed hundreds of pounds of zinc cadmium sulfide into a densely populated and predominantly black district of St. Louis.

“I’m wondering if it got into our system,” said former resident Lisa Martino-Taylor, who lost four brothers and sisters to cancer early in their lives and suspects that radioactive particulates were mixed with the metallic substance. “When I learned about the testing, I thought ‘Oh my god. If they did that, there’s no telling what else they’re hiding.’”

The Army claimed that it only used blowers atop buildings to distribute the toxins. Yet a resident of another targeted neighborhood in St. Louis, Mary Helen Brindell,

  recalled a summer day playing baseball with other kids in the street when a squadron of green Army planes flew close to the ground and dropped a powdery substance. She went inside, washed it off her face and arms, and then went back out to play. Over the years Brindell has battled four types of cancer—breast, thyroid, skin and uterine. “I feel betrayed,” said Brindell, who is white. “We pointed our finger during the Holocaust, and we do something like this?[6]

With such instances in mind the question is no longer, “Would the government partake in such human experimentation that may be injurious or fatal to its own population?” It is instead, “What safeguards and systems of accountability exist that would prevent the government from using members of the general population as unwitting lab animals?” The bureaucratic shenanigans of the EPA and CDC and the abandonment of their respective mandates to protect the environment and public health make the answer more than obvious.

“OUR WORLD HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED”

In a 2011 paper Carnicom demonstrates how the filament samples likely originating from aerial spraying are identical to those found in Morgellons’ victims. “The fact that this traces itself to a repeatedly occurring environmental sample represents, in my opinion, the worst crime in human history.”[7]

Indeed, such observations suggest how the unspeakable horrors of Dacchau and Auschwitz are not the stuff of a seemingly distant historical past. As Carnicom’s deep research suggests, such profound crimes have been resurrected in the skies above and worlds within. “Our biology is being negatively affected by this intrusion into our lives,” Carnicom warns, “whether it will be fifteen or fifty years.”

Drawing a conclusion to his remarks on the GlobalSkywatch call, Mr. Carnicom responded to an attendee articulating frustrations shared by many conscious and concerned citizens. “How do we get this to stop? How do we get the government to respond to us?”

“I will be inadequate in terms of what I can offer,” Carnicom began.

  I have an obligation as a human being to do what is within my means to make the world a better place. As an individual I have that obligation, and so I do that to the best of my ability, so much so that it has occupied the past 15 years of my life and I have to spend a good part of it managing a non-profit. I’m one person that has certain particular talents and a background. I’m not the best public speaker in the world. I’m not the best activist in the world. I’m not the best money

question: What does the text say about Morgellons ailment?

answer: Morgellons ailment is a condition where nano-fibers protrude from skin lesions. Individuals suffering from this disease experiences pain and delusion. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could not identify the origin of the fibers. In 2011, Carnicom demonstrated how the filament samples from aerial spraying are identical to those found on individuals with Morgellons disease.

question: What does the text say about human experimentation?

answer: It is unethical to conduct experiments involving unsuspecting humans, but there are many instances where the US government and military have violated the Nuremberg Code. Examples are the fluoridation of public water supplies, above-ground nuclear testing, Operation Paperclip, and spraying of zinc cadmium sulfide in St. Louis.

question: What does the text say about Clifford Carnicom?

answer: Clifford Carnicom is an environmental research scientist who wants to inform the public about the threat of massive biological experiments done by the government and military, affecting the health of the general population. He manages a non-profit to provide information for the public welfare.

question: What does the text say about the possible extinction of humans?


text:
Oryan scratched at a rough mark on his body that peaked from the ties between the front of his shirt. He tried to control his breathing but that became laborious and in the end he resolved to let himself feel exactly what his senses wanted him to. He was nervous, yes, but also excited.

Excited to die.

Every man who had volunteered to fill the two boats that now rowed silently through these shimmering waters was excited to die and even though every minute brought them closer to their last, still their excitement only grew.

Oryan stared down at the mark again. It could have occurred when he pulled himself over the port side of the main ship and twisted his way down the rope ladder into the longboat, but his memory from the moment the sun set beneath the ocean line, dimmed and brightened like the whispering flame inside the lantern affixed to the longboat. He frowned. It had been important to him to look his very best this night. No wind blown skin, no burns from the salt or the sun. He had scrubbed his body clean with lye and scented oils.

The boy’s hands gripped tight the woodlot scull he was sharing with two other crewmen. They pulled in unison, silently continuing through a silver mist, which hung low over the water. If he had stood up inside the small boat the dense fog blanket would reach only to his waist. It was eerie, yet beautiful, something he had never seen before and he'd been living on a ship for the better part of six years.
Those moments were what drove him, moments in the unknown. Ever since he was a young boy, raised in a small village surrounded by nothing but hot dirt, Oryan wondered endlessly about the beyond. The day he became a man he kissed his mother on the neck and said goodbye to her forever. After weeks of travel the earth changed from brown to green and after a few weeks more he stared at foamy blue waters smashing against red cliffs and thought he'd found the edge of the world.

From then on, everything was about more. To experience more then any man had before him. As he grew older, even living others lifetimes inside years, those moments were growing fleeting. He had smelled the purest most untouched air in the center of seas leagues from any land mass. His eyes had gazed the final fiery flashes of a hundred golden sunsets. He'd seen men of every color and creatures known only in the god's dreams. And now there was this night. He was going to spend a few moments with one of the most beautiful women in the known world... before she killed him.

Oryan had heard endless versions of the story in different languages, had seen them in paintings and read them written on scrolls. He himself had spied the location of the island on close to fifty maps. Not one had been in the same spot.

They had been described as an Amazon race of exotic women. Seven feet tall covered in leather and armored in gold. They lived on an island filled with the precious metals, riches and rare trade stones most fervently hunted by the world of mortals. The hidden cloister was never whispered to be anything but the most beautiful place in all of existence. According to widespread legend, in every surveyable direction, nothing existed but valleys veiled in rich, tropical life. Streams of fresh water ran through divots that peppered volcanic rock waterways, which were adorned with rubies, painite, diamonds, benitoite and pearls. Verdant canopies shaded elaborate walkways, which led to breathtaking temples and astonishing chambers. There were meeting halls so large they were swathes cut along the length of entire mountainsides.

This bountiful location was a living, breathing garden full of insects and flora found nowhere else but inside its secret perimeter. It was also said to be so long that it had four constant seasons the entire year round. The center of the island and the most beautiful was known to be close to the earth’s equator and that was where the main temple rose into the heavens, where lived the Queen of this nearly forbidden paradise. Her name as the queen was the same as the island itself, Calafia. And it was here she ruled over the secluded and powerful Amazon race of enchanting beauties.

Oryan had heard from a stranger that they cut off one of their breasts so that they could perfect the use of a bow and arrow. A druid had told him that their arms were so powerful and long that they could throw a spear a hundred yards. He overheard a drunken man tell of the beasts that they kept, which had the bodies of lions but the wings and heads of a bird of prey. The Calafians would feed these creatures with the male babies that were born. Born from the one night each year the island was opened so that a small group of men could visit once and for one single purpose, to help prolong the race of these incredible and beautiful warrior women.

The ocean had become much more calm. Sivan, his ship's Captain was on one knee, head peaking from above the mist, staring at the stars, a fruitless venture to keep course. Oryan had joined the crew three years prior after this new Captain inherited the ship from his father. He was strict but fair, yet the crew who survived the change had more respect for his predecessor and so the fighting need to please him simply did not exist.

Even thus, and even after Sivan had given up his ship to his first mate and led two dozen other brave souls into the unknown, was he still acting like the Captain. Still behaving like the same leader, even though it was made clear each man was now equal. It is just as well, Oryan thought. Let Sivan take command here. Let him keep watch, chart the course and take charge of the affair. He could be Captain, it gave the others more time to set their minds, to clear their thoughts and to prepare for their death.
Suddenly Oryan felt the flap of his scull scrape the bottom of the ocean. The others around him did too and the boats slowed to a noiseless drift. Wordlessly they exchanged fleeting glances before Sivan stared down through the mist and into the dark water for a short time. And then he jumped in. The splash was loud and when the waters calmed, Sivan was standing waist deep in the salty glass. He held up his hand before walking forward into the space beyond. After a few moments, he was shrouded by the mist and disappeared. A few moments more and the sounds he made wading through the mystic drink faded as well. The men, still quiet, looked at each other nervously.

Oryan was about to speak when suddenly light from a dozen torches brightened the distance. It was faint, but he could just make out a shoreline. He stood to be sure and also to let his eyes adjust. After blinking a moment, Oryan could see Sivan standing on the shore of the cove, the water just at his ankles. The moon illuminated lush green fern lining the entire beach. The torches had been lit and standing next to them, were twenty-five naked women.

He was too anxious to take in the rest and Oryan leapt from his seat into the water. He grasped the edge of the boat, one scull slipping from its ring and sinking three feet to the bottom. He did not care and began pushing his boat towards the shore. The others followed him and they quickly ran up the bows of both vessels as far into the sand as was possible. Oryan glanced at his feet and found shiny black rocks sprinkled in the white sand. Pearls, he thought amazed.

The twenty-five men met their Captain and the group stared numbly ahead, their breath raspy and quick. Oryan could see clearly now that the torches stood high and the flames danced wildly, illuminating the celestial bodies which stood next to them. One woman for every man.

Hair spilled over their shoulders and down their chest, the flames and moonlight revealed curves of glowing, olive skin. They were tall, not seven feet, but most as tall as any of the men there. Even though their hazel bodies were dark, their eyes were light like glacial milk. Each of them had high cheekbones as smooth as tide pool stones and they all had full lips as ample and moistened as ripened plums soaked in Calenian wine. Their flushed breasts, soft and swollen, were hidden from full view by long tresses of hair in mixed shades of chocolate and umber. Their silken smoothed legs were toned and taught, growing upwards in a long and alluring stretch towards a lush and aching shadow. The swell of each body-curve of each sultry figure would bend flawlessly to the next sloping crest, rising and falling across a sculpted work of bronzed perfection. In a word, these women were utopian.

Each sought out a man. Oryan made eye contact with one and she seemed to glide to him. He was speechless. He had never before seen anything more flawless in his entire life. The thought from earlier nagged him for the briefest of moments. This woman, this beach, this night, as incredibly beautiful as it was, was still shrouded in an eeriness that would not go away. He forcefully pushed that aside and knew she would not speak to him so he gave her a name in his head. She will be Aysel.

His mouth opened but she put a thin finger to his lips. Then she grabbed his quivering hand and led him towards the mouth of the jungle. Near him, the others were being pulled along the same way. He took one last moment to glance around. Sivan was lost in the eyes of his woman, his body slack and stumbling forward as she took him by the wrist.

Oryan could see behind him young girls dressed in white flowing gowns pouring hot oil over the two boats that brought them to shore. The girls dropped lit torches into the boats and they were immediately swallowed in licking flames. Aysel placed her fingers on Oryan's chin and gently turned his head to her. He would not look away again.

Carefully stepping over the fern shaded threshold, Aysel led Oryan a hundred feet into the jungle before she stopped him by resting her palm on his chest. The trees above them parted to form a small clearing, the moon shining high in the sky above. She pulled him to the center of the clearing and took a step back, presenting herself. The shadows made her even more beautiful. Only when she closed her eyes did Oryan feel brave enough to touch her. They both knelt to the ground and no matter how well Oryan had tried to prepare his mind for this moment his instincts took over.

He wanted to spend as long as possible wandering his hands over her entire body, but he was hurriedly helping her lift the shirt over his head. He wanted to prove to her that he was a worthy lover by making her wait for his lips to explore her skin, but he blinked numbly and allowed her to unbuckle his belt. He leaned forward and tried to capture her in a long kiss, but she pushed him back and sat down on top of him.

The search for the beyond. It had led Oryan here. From a small, dirt village with nothing near it for miles and miles, to a fabled island whose location was known by few and seen by no one who had returned. He smiled and grabbed her waist with both hands, closing his eyes. He was close. But Aysel knew it too and one hand drifted from his chest to the forest ground beside her.
Her elegant fingers grasped the handle of an ornate golden blade. The metal gleamed in the moonlight as she raised it high above her head. Her locks hung down over her face in long strands and sweat rolled down her back. She felt him tense and her mouth opened, the smallest sound escaping her succulent lips.

Oryan drew one large gasp and then collapsed flat. He breathed a few times before he opened his eyes, just in time to see the flash of the blade before it penetrated his chest and pierced his heart.

title: [FN] Calafia: A Prologue.

question: What is the purpose of the Oryan's journey?

answer: Oryan is on a journey to an island, Calafia, home to a race of exotic warrior women. He, along with twenty-five other men, are journeying to the island for the one night that the women allow men onto the island so they can procreate with them. They subsequently kill the men afterwards.

question: Summarize everything related to the Amazonian race.

answer: The race of women that live of Calafia do not have any adult men; they kill male babies when they are born. The island is full of fauna and flora that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The queen of the island and the people is also named Calafia. Once a year, they allow a group of 25 men to come aboard the island to procreate with the women. The women kill them immediately after they finish.

question: Why do the Amazonian women kill all men?