text:
In finance, the binomial options pricing model (BOPM) provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black–Scholes formula is wanting.
The binomial model was first proposed by William Sharpe in the 1978 edition of Investments (), and formalized by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979 and by Rendleman and Bartter in that same year.
For binomial trees as applied to fixed income and interest rate derivatives see Lattice model (finance)
 Use of the model
The Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used since it is able to handle a variety of conditions for which other models cannot easily be applied. This is largely because the BOPM is based on the description of an underlying instrument over a period of time rather than a single point.  As a consequence, it is used to value American options that are exercisable at any time in a given interval as well as Bermudan options that are exercisable at specific instances of time.  Being relatively simple, the model is readily implementable in computer software (including a spreadsheet).
Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets.
For options with several sources of uncertainty (e.g., real options) and for options with complicated features (e.g., Asian options), binomial methods are less practical due to several difficulties, and Monte Carlo option models are commonly used instead. When simulating a small number of time steps Monte Carlo simulation will be more computationally time-consuming than BOPM (cf. Monte Carlo methods in finance). However, the worst-case runtime of BOPM will be O(2n), where n is the number of time steps in the simulation. Monte Carlo simulations will generally have a polynomial time complexity, and will be faster for large numbers of simulation steps. Monte Carlo simulations are also less susceptible to sampling errors, since binomial techniques use discrete time units. This becomes more true the smaller the discrete units become.
 Method
Binomial Lattice with CRR formulae
 function americanPut(T, S, K, r, sigma, q, n)
 {

   deltaT := T / n;
   up := exp(sigma * sqrt(deltaT));
   p0 := (up*exp(-q * deltaT) - exp(-r * deltaT)) / (up^2 - 1);
   p1 := exp(-r * deltaT) - p0;

   for i := 0 to n {
       pi := K - S * up^(2*i - n);
       if pi < 0 then pi := 0;
   }

   for j := n-1 down to 0 {
       for i := 0 to j {

           pi := p0 * pi+1 + p1 * pi;

           exercise := K - S * up^(2*i - j);
           if pi < exercise then pi := exercise;
       }
   }
   return americanPut := p0;
 }
The binomial pricing model traces the evolution of the option's key underlying variables in discrete-time.  This is done by means of a binomial lattice (tree), for a number of time steps between the valuation and expiration dates.  Each node in the lattice represents a possible price of the underlying at a given point in time.
Valuation is performed iteratively, starting at each of the final nodes (those that may be reached at the time of expiration), and then working backwards through the tree towards the first node (valuation date).  The value computed at each stage is the value of the option at that point in time.
Option valuation using this method is, as described, a three-step process:
# price tree generation,
# calculation of option value at each final node,
# sequential calculation of the option value at each preceding node.
 Step 1: Create the binomial price tree
The tree of prices is produced by working forward from valuation date to expiration.
At each step, it is assumed that the underlying instrument will move up or down by a specific factor ( or ) per step of the tree (where, by definition,  and ). So, if  is the current price, then in the next period the price will either be  or .
The up and down factors are calculated using the underlying volatility, , and the time duration of a step, , measured in years (using the day count convention of the underlying instrument). From the condition that the variance of the log of the price is , we have:
Above is the original Cox, Ross, & Rubinstein (CRR) method; there are various other techniques for generating the lattice, such as "the equal probabilities" tree, see.
The CRR method ensures that the tree is recombinant, i.e. if the underlying asset moves up and then down (u,d), the price will be the same as if it had moved down and then up (d,u)—here the two paths merge or recombine. This property reduces the number of tree nodes, and thus accelerates the computation of the option price.
This property also allows that the value of the underlying asset at each node can be calculated directly via formula, and does not require that the tree be built first. The node-value will be:
where  is the number of up ticks and  is the number of down ticks.
 Step 2: Find option value at each final node
At each final node of the tree—i.e. at expiration of the option—the option value is simply its intrinsic, or exercise, value:
where  is the strike price and  is the spot price of the underlying asset at the  period.
 Step 3: Find option value at earlier nodes
Once the above step is complete, the option value is then found for each node, starting at the penultimate time step, and working back to the first node of the tree (the valuation date) where the calculated result is the value of the option.
In overview: the "binomial value" is found at each node, using the risk neutrality assumption; see Risk neutral valuation. If exercise is permitted at the node, then the model takes the greater of binomial and exercise value at the node.
The steps are as follows:

title: Binomial options pricing model

question: What does the text say about accounting?

question: What does the text say about BOPM?

answer: The binominal pricing model, or BOPM, provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options in finance. The model uses a lattice-based "discrete-time" model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black-Scholes formula is wanting. First proposed by William Sharpe in the 1978 edition of Investments, the binomial model was formalized by Cox, Ross, and Rubenstein in 1979 and by Randleman and Bartter in that same year. Since it is able to handle a variety of conditions (unlike other models), the Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used.

question: Summarize how BOPM compares with the Black-Scholes formula and the Monte Carlo option models.

answer: BOPM is based on the description of an underlying instrument over a period of time rather than a single point. It is simple and readily implementable in computer software. Although it is slower than the Black-Scholes formula, it is more accurate for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. BOPM models are less practical when used on options with several sources of uncertainty (real options) and for options with complicated features (Asian options). For several difficulties, the Monte Carlo option models are commonly used instead of BOPM. Monte Carlo simulations will have polynomial time complexity, which is faster for large numbers and less susceptible to sampling errors compared to BOPM, which uses discrete time units.


split: test

text:
The time was 10:00 am and the place Nkran in the year 3000. On top of the biggest Bank building in the city, a dark, lean and tall man walked to the very edge and stopped, hands in his pockets. Below him, a thick crowd was formed and watched him in horror, fearing that he would commit suicide. However the man in question, Nii Okai, had no intention of jumping over the edge. He had simply come to enjoy the view of the entire city from that height.

‘Some people believe that when one commits suicide, she or he is doomed to wander the earth as a restless spirit and denied access to the realm of the ancestors’ a soft voice suddenly said. He turned to his left and noticed a woman clad in the attire of the Asafo Bii, the traditional Ga militia. ‘Your life may be unpleasant but the afterlife is not so great either for those who die before their time’.

‘I’m not going to jump’ said a shocked Nii. ‘I’m only here for the view.’

She looked at him in stunned silence and then looked at the entire city below them in the sunlight. ‘It’s a superb view’ she admitted ‘but there is a very frightened crowd down there who think you are going to jump and even more nervous Asafo Bii companies on the rooftops of the six buildings close to this one who think you’re going to do it’

Nii sighed and walked away from the edge with her. ‘My name is Larley, by the way’, she said extending her right hand to him. ‘Nii Okai’ he replied gripping it tightly in a firm handshake. Fifteen minutes later, he dogded a machete that arced toward his head and kicked the arm wielding it, knocking the akodze away.

He punched the assailant in the face, knocking him out. Five other men wielding machetes rushed at him and he unfastened his belt and lashed out at them, whipping them severely. His belt wrapped around one machete and yanked it away from his attacker and into the dirt.

He blocked the attacksfrom the four robbers and swung four times breaking each of their machetes. He leapt at one of them, his two feet kicking the chest of one of the attackers. He struck one on the left with his left foot and one on the right with his right foot. One dove at him, tackling him but he kicked upwards, sending him flying into the dirt behind him.

The third scrambled for the fallen machete but he reached it first, kicking him in the face with his knee. He heard a loud click of guns being cocked as the barrels of 4 AK-47 guns were pointed in his direction by four grim faced women. An afena spun towards them, slashing through 3 of the guns before striking the dirt.

Larley lunged at the three of them, striking them with quick punches and kicks to the chests and kicks. The fourht shot at her but she strafed her to her left, making a perfect shot impossible. She spun towards the shooter and slashed through the akodze with her afena, her blade stopping inches from the neck of the shooter.

Several Asafo Bii rushed towards the men and women, restraining them as Larley examined the guns with a puzzled look on her face. 'What is it, Larley?' Nii asked.

'These are military grade weapons' Larley said to herself. 'Very sophisticated and only permitted to be used by the Ghanaian Military under the 3 weapon safety lawsof the Ga Traditional Council'.

Under the Akodze Safety Laws, knives, guns, akofenas, spears were issued with special permits to the Military. The use of such akodze by civilians was banned in the year 3000. This law was so vigourously enforced that the three criminal elements left in the city had to resort to the use of sticks and farm implements like machetes to conduct their operations.

'I'll have to take them to the company headquarters for questioning' she said and paused for a moment.

'It's 2:00 pm' Larley pointed out. 'Shouldn't you be at work on this Monday morning?'

'100 people were retrenched at the company building I was standing on this morning. I needed time to contemplate my future' he replied.

'After our talk, I was heading home when I noticed these people capprying several akodze into a truck. They spotted me and we had a slight confrontation'.

'Then you're a witness', sighed Larley. 'I'll have to take you for questioning too.''

The Asafo Bii headquarters consisted of a series of buildings constructed in a traditional domed design and stood in the centre of the city. Behind a thick layer of glass, Larley and the Asafoatse (Chief Warrior) Naa watched as Nii gave his statement. 'The akodze you brought in today are similar to the ones the Asafo Bii picked up at the edge of Nkran this afternoon.' Naa mused.

'Larley, someone is stockpiling weapons across the city, possibly in preparation for a planned ethnic conflict or violent chieftaincy dispute.'

'I understand, Asafoatse Naa' Larley sighed. 'We will interrogate the culprits thouroughly to find out everything they know'. I've also posted an alert to the other Asafo Bii Companies that their main priority now is to check for the movement of akodze and suspicious persons in the city'.

Naa nodded in agreement. 'Train Nii in Abotri ke Tahuumo (Ga Martial Art) as well as the rest of the ways of the Asafo Bii, if he's interested in becoming one. He's already shown that he can handle himself in a fight. If we wnat to avoid the loss of lives and property that come with these conflicts, we'll need all the help we can get'.

Larley and Nii, armed with a baton faced each other in the training room of the Asafoakyer Bii (female asafo Bii Captains). 'There are several components of Abotri ke Tahuumo.' she noted.

'Abotri is the Complex use of handstands and somersaults, Intia Shomo is the use of complex kicking and feet attacks, Mim Dzee is the art of evading attacks, Kwasafo Nomo and Asafo Atwele are the arts of free expression and multi partner combat strategy, Asafo ke Tahuumo kaklakle lor is the art of fighting in a trance like state, Ataalai Gbanoo is the art of cartwheeling, Adzenkeklulu is the art of acrobatics'.

Larley drew out an afowatsena (double or triple bladed sword) from the scabbard slung across her shoulder and sunk into an offensive stance. 'My favourite art is Kakla ke klante Nomo, the art of bladed weapon combat'. Without warning, she lunged at Nii forcing him to spin away from the attack using Ataalai Gbanoo .

Even as he strived to keep his distance to look for an opening, Larley struck at him again and again using Gbobi hava, the art of hunting down prey, forcing him to be on the defensive. He snatched an afonanta (machete like sword) from a wooden stand on his right and blocked her attacks matching Larley's kaklake Klante Nomo with his own version.

He noticed an opening and tried to swing the afonanta to tap her shoulder lightly, signalling the end of the bout. Surprisingly, she caught the blade between her teeth and drew her head back, yanking him off balance. Even as he stumbled, she dealt him several ferocious double hand slaps and kicks with her feet.

As he collapsed to the ground, she pinned him facedown by locking his feet and arms in a tight brace. The door to the training room slid open and a woma with a shaved head walked into the room and sat down on the training mat beside Larley. 'The interrogation's complete' she reported.

'The attackers said they were supposed to send the akodze to the old underground train station beneath the Great Nkran Museum.'

'That place is a maze, Akai' sighed Larley. 'I'll need a clear outline of the place to avoid any surprise attacks on the Asafo Bii.'

'We could get the outline from the new library across the street' ventured Nii.

At the Abrewanana (sage) library, Nii paused outside the door for a moment, with Larleyand Akai at his side. 'Leave your akodze (weapons) and portable communication devices at the entrance. This library has soundproof walling and has strict rules about silence within its walls, even for Asafo Bii' he instructed.

After 11 minutes of searching, they found the outline of the old underground station and headed back to the headquarters. Several Asafo Bii gathered around Larley as she mapped out the points for entry.

'The station is in the middle of three entry points.' she noted. 'The old 'galamsey' mines, the abandoned goldmine shafts and the old route for the oil pipelines. We'll split into three groups to cover more ground tonight'

A truck slowly moved through the shafts, armed to the teeth with several women wielding AK-47s, grenade launchers, akofenas, crossbows and longbows and other akodze. 'Stay sharp, Dedoi's follower in the Asafo Bii warned us that vehicles B and C were seized earlier today, warned a fair, heavily tattoed woman wielding two ekumapraban (long handled axes).

Four arrows shot through the tires of the truck, deflating them. The arrows whizzed through the air, nearly slicing through the wooden handles of the ekumapraban but its wielder was faster, slashing the projectiles. She sunk into an offensive stance as Nii and Akai charged at her.

She fended off the swings of their akodze with her own, preventing the handles from being slashed. She swung at both of them but Nii spun around the left akodze and spun again to his right as she drew the akodze back the axe head nearly slashing his back. At that moment, he swung at the axehead with all his might, smashing it into pieces before breaking the wooden staff with his left sandaled foot.

She drew back and struck at Akai who blocked the attack with her afonanta at the same moment as Nii kicked the woman's head with his left foot. She fell against a truck tire and watched as several of her people were restrained and bound in handcuffs. She drew out 6 smoke bombs and smashed them against the floor before fleeing.

Nii gave chase even as she paused at tinervals to shoot at him with two Berettas. Despite warnings from Akai, he pursued her deeper into the tunnels. She looked over her shoulder as their path became darker and she could no longer see him. She stepped and remained motionless behind a wall to draw out two shocksticks, each baton designed to deliver a high amount of electric shock.

A mobile phone in her backpocket began to ring and as she reached for it, a figure suddenly darted at her from her right, his afonanta glowing in the dark as it slashed through her shocksticks. She swung her left foot at him but he spun around it and dealt her ferocious double hand slaps and kicks to her torso, forcing her into a corner and stopping only when she slumped to the ground.

The phone rang twice and stopped as Nii turned her over and picked it up. He heard two footsteps in the darkness and brandished his afonanta as he sunk into an offensive stance. Akai and Larley stepped into the light from the phone and Nii lowered his akodze before turning his attention to the phone.

Using his experience in the I.T division of the bank that retrenched him, he was able to get pas the multiple security features of the phone and unlock it. One name stood out among the most recent calls, Dedoi.

'You are certain it was Dedoi?' asked Naa with a hint of disbelief.

'Yes' replied Nii. 'It seems she was behind the movement of akodze and fighters to key parts of the city. We checked the messages on the phone and they confirm this.'

'Dedoi is a royal and the sister of Chief Naarkie' Naa said to herself, as she rose from her mat and watched the city below from her office. 'I will inform the Ga Traditional Council myself'.

In the centre of the royal quarters of Nkran, a long haired woman sighed as five armed men slowly edged towards her. Before they could strike, she drew out two Glock pistols and shot each one in the chest. Five more men lunged at her but she anticipated their movements and shot them without wasting a bullet using Gun Kata (The martial art of gunplay).

She noticed five figures darting towards her from behind but she spun towards them , clutching a large duffel bag that released a hail of bullets. The bag fell apart, revealing a large machine gun. The fallen attackers faded away, and a blue light shone from a yellow hologram disk on the floor.

The light materialised into the image of an old woman with a shock of white hair. 'Dedoi, the Ga Traditional Council wishes to invite you to attend a special session' she spoke.

'I'll be there shortly, Chief Naarkie' Dedoi replied softly before the image flickered off. She felt uneasy about her sister's tone of voice and made three brief calls before setting off for the council building on foot. As soon as she entered the grand hall, she felt the eyes of the rest of the council looking at her with disapproval.

'My apologies, Dedoi', Naarkie said sadly. 'I'm sure its a false allegation but you have to goto the Asafo Bii for questioning.'

8 Asafo Bii approached her from behind and one made the mistake of holding her shoulder. Dedoi turned towards that Asafo Bii and punched her in the face. One Asafo Bii rushed towards her but she grabbed the Asafo Bii she had punched earlier and shoved her into the second one.

The Asafo Bii brandished their akodze and Dedoi pulled out her guns as the other council members edged away from her in fright. Naarkie shoved them aside and thrust herself between the Asafo Bii and Dedoi. Dedoi sighed and holstered her guns. 'I'll go quietly'

At 7pm, Koi a janitor at the Asafo Bii Headquarters begun his usual duties, cleaning the training rooms and offices of the Asafo Bii. At 7:30 pm, after cleaning the washrooms, he received three phonecalls and each message he relayed was the same: 'The Asafo Bii are moving Dedoi through the Efua Gardens tonight using the northern footpath.'

At 8:00 pm, the Asafo Bii marched through the gardens with their captive. Akai led the march when five porcupine quills tore through the leaves of the nearby trees and struck her in the arms and legs and chest. The remaining Asafo Bii brandished their weapons and formed a protective ring around Dedoi.

On their left, a large burst of flame erupted towards them, setting several Asafo Bii on fire. The circle broke as several Asafo Bii rolled in the dirt to put out the flames. Five Asafo Bii escorted Dedoi away from the flames that licked the bushes around them when a bullet struck each of them in the shoulder.

As they fell, three women stepped out of the bushes, one wielding porcupine quills, the other a large flamethrower and the third, heavily tattoed wielding two large pistols.

The third woman slashed the handcuffs with and akofena and together the four of them disappeared into the bushes.

title: Nii: Chapter 1 (My action sci-fi story title (SF) )

question: Describe the setting of the story.

answer: The story takes place in the year 3000 in the city of Nkran, Ghana. The protagonist is on top of the biggest bank building in the city, defending himself from machete-wielding attackers. The crowd of onlookers feared that the man would jump from the building, however he was only there for the view.


text:
_THE BODY_ is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language suspense thriller film written and directed by Jeethu Joseph, produced by Viacom18 Motion Pictures and Sunir Kheterpal. The film starring Emraan Hashmi, Vedhika, Rishi Kapoor and Sobhita Dhulipala.[1] It is the official remake of a 2012 Spanish film _The Body_, which was already remade unofficially as bilingual films in Kannada and Tamil languages as _Game_ in Kannada and _Oru Melliya Kodu_ in Tamil (2016 film).[2]

The film was released on 13 December 2019.[3][4][5] This marked the final film appearance of Rishi Kapoor before his death on 30 April 2020.[6]

Plot

The dead body of a powerful businesswoman named Maya Verma, who died because of having a heart attack, disappeared from the morgue before the autopsy. SP Jairaj Rawal called in Maya's husband, Ajay Puri, for investigation. Ajay Puri who is the owner of a lab and worked under Maya's company seemed to have committed something wrong along with his girlfriend Ritu.

SP Jairaj suspects Ajay and makes him stay in the morgue until Maya's corpse is found. Strange incidents start to happen with Ajay. He feels Maya's presence around him and gradually gets clues including the bottle of cardiotoxin (TH-16) which he had used to induce a heart attack in Maya's body and also gets a phone in another corpse's bag having the calls only from Maya. All these events make him believe that Maya is still alive and is playing a game with him to take her revenge.

In a flashback, it is shown that Maya always used to dominate Ajay with her money and power. Ajay's possessiveness and his affair with Ritu made him kill Maya and made it look like a heart attack by using a cardiotoxin which takes about 8 hours to work. In the morgue, Ajay continuously keeps contact with Ritu and they find out that Maya knew about their relationship by hiring a private detective named Tony d'Costa. Ajay tells Ritu to run away to a safe place as he feels that Maya is after her. When Ajay fails to contact Ritu, he confesses everything to SP Jairaj out of fear and requests him to save Ritu from Maya. In the meantime, SP Jairaj gets a call from his team that they have found a female corpse which is revealed to be Maya's. When SP orders the police to arrest Ajay, he tries to run away but falls down due to chestpain.

Finally it is revealed that Ritu is none other than SP Jairaj's daughter Isha. Everything that has happened to Maya and Ajay since the last night was their plan. Yet again in a flashback, it is revealed that SP Jairaj's wife, Nancy, who died in a car accident was hit by a druken Maya and Ajay and instead of helping them, they return to the crime scene and hit the car again as Ajay had noticed that the little girl sitting on back seat has seen them. After 10 Years, when Isha recognizes Ajay and Maya in her University, she plans a revenge along with her father. Isha attracts Ajay towards her and starts an affair.

At the end, Jairaj discloses to Ajay that he is going to have a heart attack from cardiotoxin, which he had used to kill Maya, which Ritu (Isha) had mixed in his drink 8 hours ago.

Cast

-   Emraan Hashmi as Ajay Puri
-   Vedhika as Ritu/Isha
-   Rishi Kapoor as SP Jairaj Rawal
-   Sobhita Dhulipala as Maya Varma
-   Rukhsar Rehman as Dr Tanya Mehra
-   Anupam Bhattacharya as Pawan
-   Tara Singh as Morgue's guard
-   Chandan K Anand as Keith
-   Nataša Stanković (Special appearance in song “Jhalak Dikhla Jaa Reloaded”
-   Scarlet Mellish Wilson (Special appearance in song “Jhalak Dikhla Jaa Reloaded”

Soundtrack

The film features songs composed by Shamir Tandon, Arko and Tanishk Bagchi with lyrics written by Arko, Kumaar, Manoj Muntashir and Sameer Anjaan. Live strings produced, arranged and engineered by Randy Slaugh.[7] The song “Jhalak Dikhlaa Jaa Reloaded” is the remake of Himesh Reshammiya's popular song from Emraan Hashmi's Aksar, recreated by Tanishk Bagchi.

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[7] https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7p2t8k

title: The Body (2019 film)

question: What genre is The Body?

answer: Suspense thriller

question: Who directed The Body?

answer: Jeethu Joseph

question: Summarize the plot of The Body.

answer: When Maya's body disappears from the morgue, SP Jairaj has her husband, Ajay, stay in the morgue until the corpse is found. Ajay begins to believe Maya, whom he murdered due to his affair with Ritu, is still alive and messing with him. Ajay confesses the murder to SP Jairaj. Ritu is revealed to be Jairaj's daughter, who is getting revenge on Maya and Ajay for a car accident in which they hit and killed her mother while they were drunk. Jairaj poisons Ajay's drink.

question: Who stars in The Body?

answer: Emraan Hashmi, Vedhika, Rishi Kapoor, and Sobhita Dhulipala

question: When was The Body released?

answer: December 13, 2019

question: How did The Body perform at the box office?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article concerns The Body, a 2018 Indian suspense thriller film. The film, released on December 13, 2019, marks the final appearance of Rishi Kapoor. The article provides a summary for the film as well as a cast list.


text:
RANDOLPH WILLIAM THROWER (September 5, 1913 – March 8, 2014) was an American attorney. He served as Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1971. [Commissioner Thrower in 1970]

Early life and education

Thrower was born in Tampa, Florida. He graduated from Georgia Military Academy in 1930. He received an undergraduate degree from Emory University in 1934 and received his law degree from the Emory University School of Law in 1936.[1]

Career

Following graduation from law school he joined the firm of Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP, a law firm with principal offices in Atlanta and Washington, D.C.[2] He became a partner and remained one until his death.[3] Many of his early cases involved handling appeals for death row inmates in Georgia prisons.[4] According to the New York Times, Thrower was haunted for the rest of his life by the case of his client Will Coxson, a black teenager who had been convicted for rape. Thrower was convinced he was innocent. Thrower had just joined the United States Marines, so he let another lawyer take over the appeal, believing that Coxson would surely be acquitted by the Supreme Court of Georgia. However, Coxson was put to death while Thrower was serving in World War II.[5]

In 1942 he joined the FBI, then became a captain in the U.S. Marine Corps, being deployed to the Philippines and Okinawa during World War II.[6]

Thrower, running as a Republican, unsuccessfully challenged incumbent segregationist James C. Davis for a seat in Congress in 1956.[7]

He served as Commissioner of Internal Revenue under President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1971. During his tenure he revoked the tax-exempt status of private schools that excluded blacks. He also helped to draft the Tax Reform Act of 1969.[8] However, he was alarmed by requests from the White House for the IRS to perform tax audits on Nixon's enemies. In 1971 he requested a meeting with Nixon, believing that the president would be horrified to learn that some of his aides were attempting to use the IRS for political purposes. Instead of a meeting with Nixon, he got a phone call from John D. Ehrlichman telling him that he was fired.[9][10] He accepted the White House announcement that he had “resigned for personal reasons” and quietly returned to the Atlanta law firm.[11] A few years later he visited the IRS headquarters on business, where he was spontaneously greeted by employees as a hero.[12]

From 1980 to 1992 he was chairman of the City of Atlanta's Board of Ethics.

Recognition

In 1993, Thrower received the American Bar Association Medal, the ABA's highest honor, for his public, professional, and government service. He was the recipient in 1995 of the Court of Federal Claims Special Service Award and received the Tax Section's Distinguished Service Award for 1996. In 1992 he received the Leadership Award of the Atlanta Bar Association and more recently the Segal-Tweed Founders Award of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. Thrower was presented with the “American Inns of Court Professionalism Award for the Eleventh Circuit” in May 2003.[13]

Personal life

He was married for 70 years to Margaret Logan Munroe, whom he met at Emory. They lived in Atlanta and had five children.[14] He turned 100 in September 2013[15] and died in March 2014 at his home in Atlanta.[16][17]

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[7] http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867171,00.html “New Faces of 1956,”] _Time_, October 29, 1956.

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title: Randolph W. Thrower

question: Why was Randolph W. Thrower fired from the Nixon administration?

answer: Thrower was concerned that the White House was directing the IRS to audit Nixon's enemies. He requested a meeting with the President, believing he would be horrified to learn that his aides were doing so. Instead he got a phone call from Ehrlichman telling him he was fired.


text:
LOUISVILLE, KY. — A Kentucky county clerk who was recently jailed for denying same-sex couples marriage licenses filed an appeal Friday that asks for another delay in issuing the licenses.

Attorneys for Kim Davis, who objects to gay marriage on religious grounds, argued in their motion to the Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals that all the same-sex couples who sued Davis for a license received one from her deputies while she was in jail. Therefore, they said, her office should not be required to issue them to any more couples once she returns to work.

U.S. District Court Judge David Bunning wrote that his mandate to issue licenses applied to all couples, not only those who filed suit. But Davis' lawyers allege that order was issued improperly, and again have asked for a delay.

"I hate to use a religious metaphor, given the circumstances," said Sam Marcosson, a constitutional law professor at the University of Louisville, "but this strikes me as a Hail Mary pass."

The American Civil Liberties Union filed a suit against Davis on behalf of four couples, two straight and two gay, who were denied licenses after the Supreme Court in June effectively legalized gay marriage nationwide. When Davis refused Bunning's order to issue licenses, the judge declared the clerk in contempt of court and jailed her for five days.

In her absence, her deputy clerks issued licenses and both same-sex couples who sued her received one. But Bunning clarified his order to include all eligible couples who request a marriage license.

In the appeal filed Friday, Davis' lawyers, with the Christian law firm Liberty Counsel, argued that Bunning issued the clarification improperly and once again asked the appeals court to delay the mandate that she issue licenses.

The appeals court has already dismissed Davis' primary argument that her religious faith should exempt her from licensing a gay marriage. "It cannot be defensibly argued that the holder of the Rowan County Clerk's office, apart from who personally occupies that office, may decline to act in conformity with the United States Constitution as interpreted by a dispositive holding of the United States Supreme Court," a panel wrote two weeks ago when it rejected her last appeal.

If the court does not respond before Davis returns to work on Monday, she will have to choose whether to allow her office to continue issuing licenses or again disobey the judge who already sent her to jail.

The tension in Rowan County reached fever pitch last week, as protesters, presidential candidates and news crews from across the county descended on the small town of Morehead. To ratchet it up further, members of the Oath Keepers, a heavily armed civilian militia, announced they would travel to Kentucky to protect Davis and ensure she "will not be illegally detained again." Any such protection could put the Oath Keepers in conflict with the U.S. Marshals, who were ordered to detain Davis after she defied a federal court order.

The Oath Keepers received national attention last year when they showed up in Ferguson, Missouri, amid the riots following the police shooting death of Michael Brown.

Rowan County Judge Executive Walter Blevins confirmed the Oath Keepers are already in Morehead.

"I think my sheriff is ready to handle the situation, but in a civilized and mannerly way," Blevins said.

Late Friday, the group posted on its website that Davis' lawyers declined its offer to protect her from the Marshals, and called on its "security volunteers" to stand down.

Since Bunning first ordered Davis to issue the marriage licenses, the clerk and her attorneys have made several attempts to legally get around it. One of their strategies was to ask Bunning to stop Democratic Gov. Steve Beshear and Library and Archives Commissioner Wayne Onkst from directing Davis to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Bunning denied that request on Friday.

question: Why does Davis' office argue they should not have to issue licenses?

answer: Davis argues that the same-sex couples who sued Davis received licenses while she was in jail. Therefore, it is not necessary for her to issue them to any more couples once she returns to work.


text:
I wake up in the morning. I get up, get ready for work. Boots, pants, belt, shirt, mask. I step outside. Immediately, I can’t breathe. I adjust my mask. I can breathe now.
       The bus ride always seems longer than it is. I always get stares. Not hidden stares like most other people get. Bold, challenging stares. The people don’t know who I am. They have never met me. But they hate me, somehow. I ignore them and try to relax.
       I step off the bus, walk quickly to my building. I can’t wait to start. Working always calms me, in a strange way. As I walk through the crowds, I again attract the gaze of several people. I’m thankful of my mask. They can’t see my eyes. They will never know how much I hate them back.
       Finally, I’m here. There’s no offices, no cubicles, no desks, not even other people. Just a cavernous room, entirely white. When I step in, I am alone. Breathe in, breathe out. And repeat. Left foot, right foot. And repeat. I must concentrate. I can’t work if I don’t recognize patterns. My heart beats 173 times in one minute. I blink 17 times. I feel an itch behind my left eye. White becomes black. My heart stops beating. My eyes a permanently open. I no longer need to breathe. Time to start.

       I love my job. I was born to do it. Literally bred through many generations, to create the perfect worker. I was isolated from birth to my 18th birthday, when I started working. I was trained by automated systems for eighteen years, just to make me as perfect as possible. Just to make me detached as possible. Just to make me ready. I think I have lived up to expectations. Probably exceeded them. I
love my job. And I am amazing at it.
       First assignment. It’s nearby. A simple one, stationary and weak. I get there somehow. Not physically, my body remains in a white chamber.
I don’t know what I am right now. I just can’t be seen, except by my clients. I arrive. She sees me. She screams. She gets up, runs. It’s not much of a chase. I immediately catch her. She is still screaming. My mask dissolves. She can’t scream anymore. I am done here.

       It is an easy work day. Mostly old, sickly, or newborn. I love my job, but it’s more fun when they can fight. When they can run. When I can play with them. I like a challenge. Though it rarely is challenging.
       I return home. Bathe. Eat. Read. Sleep. The next day will be more of the same, I think. I want the same. I live off of patterns.

       Wake up. Boots, pants, belt, shirt, mask, bus, white, black. First assignment. Second. Third. All within seconds of each other. I must
work fast to finish all my duties. Noon. Night. Home, bathe, eat, read, sleep. And repeat.

       I have been working for years. I have stopped aging. I don’t know how old I am. I remain in perfect condition for years, until I need to be
Replaced. I await that day. I love my job. But I long freedom.

       Today, I feel… odd. I take the usual steps to work. It’s my fortieth client for today. I am distracted. She is a fighter. Young. Almost as perfect as me. She distracts me. She does not run, as most do. She stands her ground. Looks me in the eyes. Or where my eyes would be, if she could see them. She speaks to me. She speaks words I have heard of, but I do not understand her. I am filled with my usual rage, but something else is creeping in to me. She continues talking. Two words. She starts to repeat two words. “Thank you.” I do not understand. I have been cursed at, told to die, pleaded with, even. Never thanked. I hesitate. That small feeling grows. No. I must complete this task. She grabs my hand. Wraps herself around me. “Thank you.” I can’t. I hate my job.

       I forget all my other assignments. She must be mine. No. I must behers. No. We must be. Yes. We must be.

       I lift her. She starts crying. I feel tears against my chest. I lift her, hold her close. I am back in the white. She is with me. We must be. We must escape. They will be after me. I don’t care about me. She must be safe. I know where to hide.
       Finally, we are here. We are safe. For now. She has stopped crying. I set her down. She is tired. She lays down, closes her eyes. Smiles, and falls asleep. I look around. I have not been here since I started working. My childhood home. My development center. My training grounds. It is the perfect hiding place. Undetectable, and impenetrable by those I do not want in. They won’t be able to get in. I hope.
       Two days have passed. I have not slept. She has done nothing but. I spend my time staring at her. Exploring her past. She has had a hard life. She is my opposite. She knows of nothing but life. I continue to stare.
       She awakes. Immediately, she leaps up and clutches me tightly. That growing feeling has almost overwhelmed me. I feel she is hungry. I am lucky. All the machinery still works. A meal is made. Another for me. I don’t know where it comes from. I now it is an infinite supply. We will survive.
       Weeks have passed. We are still alive. I still fear our capture. I still wear my mask. I cannot take it off. We do not talk. We do not have to. That feeling has grown to take over everything else. I feel different. I love her.
       I awake. It is dark. She is asleep. I sense something. No. We have been found. No. Not by them. They have sent someone. I have been stupid. I forgot he could get in the same way we did. My Replacement is here. I will miss her.
       I get up. Walk to another room. This one is a mirror of my workspace. White and huge. I lock the door. I sit in the center. I take off my mask. I wait. I will miss her.
       Hours pass. Or minutes. Or years. I cannot tell. I sense him drawing nearer. He is cautious. He thinks I will fight. I will not. I will miss her.
       Finally, he is here. I open my eyes. I see me. No. I see someone who looks like me. I stare at the figure, clothed in all black, with his mask still on. I nod. He nods back. I will miss her.
       He steps up. Puts a hand on my shoulder. His mask dissolves.
       Freedom.
       I will miss her.

title: I love My Job (1st draft of my 1st story, open to critique)

question: Why is the narrator surprised by the woman?

answer: The narrator is trained to chase, fight and go after clients. However, one day the narrator comes across one young woman who does not run. Instead, the woman stands her ground and thanks the narrator. The narrator hesitates and gets confused at the woman's strange behavior. The narrator begins to have feelings for the woman and expresses love for her. The narrator must now be replaced by another being.


text:
I think that people are inherently good. I strongly believe in the Golden Rule. I treat others as I would like to be treated: Holding doors open for those that I sense would have trouble. Giving up my seat to those that look as though they might need it: men, women, and the elderly. Being considerate! Saying thank you, and you're welcome! Thinking of others before myself. Writing "thank you" letters when appropriate. Not being mean to animals (perhaps excluding snakes and spiders unless they keep to themselves). I had always helped, and it felt good. But slowly, I began to notice things were changing. I still wanted to help others, but it was getting more difficult as I was passing the 3/4 of a century mark. I would tell my friends (just kidding) that I couldn't associate with people that old. When did I get this old? I have children over 50 and grandchildren over 20. Has society changed? Are its members less caring? I have heard this.

I went to a take-out pizza establishment last week. Going in, I held open the door for a young lady who said "thank you", and when I entered, she insisted that I order before she did. The place was busy with little space to stand. When I picked up my order, I had to squeeze my way to the door as there was not much room, and I was having some trouble walking. As I got to the door, it opened. Automatic I thought. I looked down to find a boy of about ten holding it for me and smiling. "Did I look that feeble?" I thought. I said thank you, and he was smiling as he said "your welcome." No one had told him to do it. He was on his own. I think it made him feel good! Someone had taught him manners. It feels good to help others.

Another pizza place I go to has a flight of stairs to overcome. Going up is not a problem, but going down with a pizza in hand is. One of the young employees asked if she could help. I said "sure". I went ahead, got in the car, and she handed it through the car window to me, all-the-while sporting a wide grin. Thanks, I said. You are welcome, she replied. Every time I get pizza and she is working, she immediately says "I'll give it to you through the window." I think it makes her feel as good as it does me!

When I go to the grocery store, I buy 2-3 weeks of food because I don't know when I will have the energy again(pain when walking, but getting better). The box boys or girls will always ask if they can empty the shopping cart for me. Then they bag the groceries and ask if they can help me load them into the car. I always ask them if they can go home with me and unload them and put them away too. They smile, we joke. I ask them if they are still in school and where they are attending. They are always friendly. I say thank you and they say "you're welcome".

When did I get old? I stopped playing competitive softball at 70 due to some injuries, but I received a call from one of my softball friends saying that he is forming an 80-year old competitive team and would like me to play on the team. It was nice of him to ask, and I do think he meant it. As soon as I get rid of my pain, I will start slowly working out again. My mind says yes, but my body isn't so sure. I am "bird-walking"----getting off the subject now, so must get back on point.

I had an appointment with a pain clinic. I knew the area well but had never seen the medical office. I had the address, but could not find any numbers on the buildings. My car does not have GPS(2002 model), and I was ten minutes late for the meeting. I had to park across the street in a dirt parking lot. The street had moderate traffic, but I managed to get across. The curb must have been at least 18-24 inches high. It seemed like an insurmountable wall, but by holding on to the front of a parked car, I managed to get up. Now there were four steps to climb and a heavy door to open. At the top of the stairs was a man of about 35 years old. He had tattoos on his arms and neck, and smiled at me and politely opened the door. I said thanks. I was told that other patients would have to be seen before me, and the wait might be an hour or more. I decided not to wait. I would go to the car, call my private doctor, tell him my pain situation and see if he would give me a shot for the it.

As I left the pain center, the tattooed man stood at the base of the steps. He smiled again and asked me if I needed any help. Was he waiting for me to leave so he might mug me? I wobbled down the 4 steps and said no thank you, my car is just across the street. He said, "You don't look as though you can go that far". "If you give me your keys, I will go over and get it for you." I thought, "Sure, then you will drive the car away." My car was a 15-year old Hyundai SUV. I didn't trust him even though he had opened a door for me and smiled at the same time. Surely, he had devious intentions. "This doesn't look good," I thought. So, I said, "I can make it." He backed off but watched as I tried to negotiate the 18 in curb. There was no car for me to grab for balance. He began to approach me again, and I began to sweat. There was no one else nearby. He put one arm around my waist and proceeded to lift me off the ground. Then, oh so gently, moved me off the curb and onto the street 18 inches below. "I hope this helps," he said with a smile. "I'll watch as you cross the street", he said still smiling. I felt bad that I had jumped to conclusions and again said "thanks".

I called my doctor whose office was 10 minutes away. His nurse told me that the doctor said to come in, and he wanted to know if she could give me the shot. I said that would be fine, but I will have a lot of trouble getting out of the car much less getting around to the office as the parking was in the back. He worked from the house that he had turned into his office. He was the only doctor that worked there. I had known him and his nurse for 25 years. She was cute and always in a good mood. She came to the back, needle in hand, had me open the driver's side door, had me pull one side of my pants down an inch exposing my left hip, and with great joy jammed the needle in it.

"This doesn't look good!," I said smiling. "People might get the wrong idea!" She laughed, I smiled. This didn't look good, but neither did the fellow with the tattoo. This was all about people that I had met recently and the good that they had done, and how it feels to help others.

title: [MF] THIS DOESN'T LOOK GOOD...

question: Summarize the kind acts people perform for the narrator.

answer: A young lady at a take-out pizza place insisted he order before her. A boy holds open the door for him on his way out. At another pizza place, one of the employees hands him his pizza through the car window. At the grocery store, the box boys or girls ask if they can empty the shopping cart for him. They then bag his groceries and help him load them int the car. At the pain center, a tattooed man helps lift the narrator off the curb and onto the street and offers to watch him as he crosses the street.

question: What does the story say about what the narrator thinks of himself?

answer: He treats others the way he would like to be treated. He thinks of others before himself. He is shocked that he has gotten so old. When people help him out, he wonders if he really looks that feeble.

question: Summarize the events of the story that relate to its title.

answer: The narrator is nervous when the tattooed man offers to go and get the narrator's car for him as he's exiting the pain center. Later, when the nurse comes out to the narrator's car and injects him with a needle, he jokes that this does not look good and people might get the wrong idea.

question: What does the story say about the cause of the narrator's pain?


text:
Happiness can only be obtained by the ignorant.

Entering the ward, I hurriedly found my way to the room. Upon first glance, I understood the silence of the attendants. For it was not something I would believe if told; it had to be shown. While out, my beautiful wife was strolling through her gardens as she always had, fingering the tulips, tasting the apples, breathing the air. Every breath was one with the ability to sing to the trees and touch my heart. Though, this time she did not return as she was. She had collapsed.

The reasons elude the doctor and nothing else can be done. My eyes transfixed on what was once my vision of beauty, and strength. Now had become nothing more than a humble shell of what she once was. Pale and exhausted, she still greeted me with a smile. Yesterday it would have warmed my heart to see this. If all else was lost, I could press on knowing I could one day see it again, but this smile was different. It was not like the rest, it was a true smile, one that can be only adorned by a man or woman when they are in true accepting of fate. With my vision blurring and my steps faltering I clambered to the bedside, sobbing for the first time since becoming a man. I fumbled through the sheets and grasped for her hand. Finding it, I was startled by the cold. Frightened, I clasped it with both hands as if trying to return the warmth. She reached up and touched my cheek. She gazed into my eyes with content and love. Unfaltering she said not a word but watched and smiled. As if by some sort of magic I was no longer afraid.

My hand slipped through my wife’s hair and behind her head, the other went under her knees. I lifted her up as if weightless, and carried her through gates and out to the field. I sat her down carefully leaning her upon the trunk of the once mighty oak. Next to her, my arm around her waist and her arm across my chest we sat in silence, knowing what doesn't need to be said. We watched the sun peek at noon and set at dusk. When unexpectedly she reached up and turned my head. She leaned forward and embraced me for the last time. I watched as her eyes rolled back, and her hands slipped from my face. I cried once more, hugging her as if it would bring her back. Sobbing into the nape of her neck, my heart dimmed and my soul became lost.

I did not start to live until I met her, and I do not remember life without her.

I couldn't remain. I stood up and began my walk home. Every sight reminding me of her. The road we always took to the market. The lake we swam in. I could not escape her. Wandering the streets I found myself home. I solemnly walked up the stairs; the house which once felt warm and inviting felt nothing but cold and alone. Trembling I reached out to the door and pushed it open. I could not enter. I collapsed to my knees and wept into my hands until I could hear the birds chirping. At another time it would have pleasantly awoken me from sleep alongside my love, but today it made me feel bitter. Strange how a simple bird can invoke a feeling of such loss. I had to stop it.

I reached for the nearest item and threw it at the window, shattering it and scaring off the bird. Suddenly I wanted the bird back. I miss the sound, the memory. My head spun with endless thoughts. Unable to grasp at the nothing that was there I became overwhelmed by everything. Every picture, every piece of furniture, everything slapped me in the face. She is gone. My life, my dreams shattered before me. I walked on a path of glass, but my feet were made of stone. Every step I tried to take only threatened what little sanity I had left. I had no escape from it. Finally I entered the room. A mistake at heart but a feeling of necessity compelled me. Upon opening the door her fragrance hit me like a spear into the heart. It hurt but it comforted me slightly. I walked to the bed and fell upon the mattress, falling asleep comes easy to the weary.

Many believe dreams are gateways to the soul. Mine must have been in hell.

That day we decided to go to the market. She needed some peaches to make us some cobbler so we left early to get the freshest ones available. When we got there we spent hours searching the market for nothing. Exhausted from the day, we returned home, had a pleasant dinner and went to bed just like any other day. I awoke the next morning feeling her presence beside me, I rolled over assuming she would be there, but she was not. I suddenly realized that it was just a dream and nothing more. What kind of torture is this? My own mind tearing me apart. I could not handle another dream so I did not sleep. Days went on I watched the couples outside my house. I began to hate them. I began to hate love. Why shouldn’t I? It betrayed me; it left me with out a word and attacks me when I can't fight back. When life takes your lemons, you're left with just an empty glass

I have not slept in weeks. I eat only when it becomes unbearable. I keep the curtains drawn, and the lights out. I do not like the light, it has become unwanted. My neighbors come in uninvited to check on me. I am no longer trusted to live life myself. They say its concern, I call it intrusion. But still they come and make me wash myself and change the bandages on my wrists when they got dirty. They try to comfort me, but I reply to them harshly. I like their company but I do not want it. I just want to be alone. I wanted to slip into a sleep and dream of her forever, but I did not want to wake from the sleep. That would hurt far too much. They don't understand my loss. None of them do. I know what has to be done. I know how to be happy. When all is lost and you stop looking, you are lost.

I waited until just before dawn. I used the darkness to conceal me. I do not know what I was concealed from, but it was comforting. My pack slung behind me I ran out of the city. I can finally be happy again. For the first time in a great while I was excited. The old oak was still there.... unchanged from that day. I climbed up the tree giddy as ever. I perched myself on the highest branch. I tied the knot pulling it tight. Staring at the sun as it crested the horizon I slipped from the branch. And finally fell asleep.

...I didn't dream, I could no longer dream.

title: The Dream of Once Was [RF]

question: Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: The narrator, his wife

question: What happened to the narrator's wife?

answer: She got sick and died.

question: Why does the narrator think his soul is in hell?

answer: Because he keeps dreaming of his dead wife, spending time with her, only to wake up and she's not in bed with him.

question: What is happening to the narrator?

answer: His wife passed on and he's descending into madness because of the grief.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: When the narrator's wife dies, he slowly falls apart. Her memories are torture, and his dreams are tearing him apart. He grows to hate couples, love, life, and his neighbors. The narrator feels like his soul is in hell and doesn't sleep anymore because he doesn't want to dream of his wife, only to lose her again when he wakes up. One day, he decides to go to the oak tree where they spent her last moments together and hangs himself from a branch. He now sleeps, but can no longer dream.


text:
[Thomas Thornton, c.1786] THOMAS THORNTON (1751/2–1823) was an English sportsman, known for his assiduity in hunting and other outdoor pursuits, and in betting.

Early life

He was the son of William Thornton of Yorkshire, Member of Parliament for , 1747–54 and 1758–61; his mother Mary was the daughter of John Myster of Epsom. Born in London, he was sent to Charterhouse School, and matriculated at Glasgow University in 1766.[1][2] He entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1771.[3]

Succeeding to his father's estate, Thornton became a keen sportsman, and revived falconry. He was appointed colonel of his father's old regiment, the 2nd West Yorks Militia, but resigned in 1795. In 1786 he undertook a sporting tour in the Scottish highlands. He chartered the sloop _Falcon_, and partly by sea and partly by land travelled through the northern and western highlands, dividing his time between hunting, shooting, angling, and hawking.[4]

In 1789 Thornton bought Allerton Park from Frederick, Duke of York. He renamed it Thornville Royal.[5]

French visits

Thornton visited France before the French Revolution, and, with his supposed wife Alicia Thornton, revisited it in 1802, during the Peace of Amiens. He was introduced to Napoleon, to whom he presented a pair of pistols, and he joined some French hunting parties. He intended the purchase of a French estate; but difficulties of naturalisation and the renewal of the Napoleonic Wars frustrated the project.[6]

Later life

In 1805 Thornton disposed of Thornville Royal to Charles Stourton, 17th Baron Stourton, and apparently resided in London for a time. He later lived at Falconer's Hall, Bedfordshire, Boythorpe, Yorkshire, and Skypark, Wiltshire.[7][8]

In September 1814, with a party of sportsmen and a pack of hounds, Thornton landed in France, and at Rouen attracted a crowd of spectators. He returned to London in March 1815 at the period of the Hundred Days, but after the battle of Waterloo he went back, hired the Château de Chambord, and purchased an estate at Pont-sur-Seine: he styled himself Prince de Chambord and Marquis de Pont. In 1817 he obtained legal domicile in France, and he applied for naturalisation; but the application did not go through.[9]

In 1821 Thornton sold Pont-sur-Seine to Casimir Pierre Périer. He latterly took lodgings in Paris, where he died on 10 March 1823.[10]

Works

In 1804 Thornton published _A Sporting Tour through the Northern Parts of England and Great Part of the Highlands of Scotland_. It was noticed in the _Edinburgh Review_ of January 1805 by Walter Scott. The work was republished in 1896 in the “Sporting Library” of Sir Herbert Maxwell, 7th Baronet.[11]

Letters to the Earl of Darlington, giving an account of Thornton's second French trip, were written up by a clergyman named Martyn, and appeared in 1806 under the title of _A Sporting Tour in France_.[12] Martyn may have acted as ghostwriter also for the 1804 book.[13] A French translation of this work appeared in 1894 in the _Revue Britannique_. In 1806, also, a pamphlet appeared, vindicating Thornton's conduct in a quarrel with a Mr. Burton.[14]

Family

Thornton was perhaps twice married: possibly firstly to Alicia Thornton, so-called, thought by Charles Fothergill to be his mistress.[15] She was the jockey, riding side-saddle, in two challenges of 1804–5, on which Thornton placed large bets, and which made him notorious. In the first, of 1804, at Knavesmire over four miles and associated with the York race meeting, Alicia rode Thornton's horse _Vinigrillo_, against a Captain T. Flint who was her brother-in-law, and lost. For the following year's York meeting Alicia rode against Frank Buckle, and won; but Thornton was horsewhipped by Flint, after refusing to honour the bet of 1000 guineas he had made on the 1804 race. Alicia eloped with a soldier in 1806.[16][17] [Alicia Thornton, 1805 engraving]

Thornton married at Lambeth, in 1806, Eliza Cawston of Mundon, Essex, by whom he had a son, William Thomas, born in London in 1807. By a will executed in London in 1818 he bequeathed almost all his property to Thornvillia Diana Thornton, his illegitimate daughter, then aged 17, by Priscilla Duins. The will was disputed by his widow on behalf of her son, and both the prerogative court and French tribunals pronounced against its validity.[18]

Notes

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

title: Thomas Thornton (sportsman)

question: Which university did Thomas Thornton attend in Scotland?

answer: He attended Glasgow University.

question: Which sport did Thornton revive?

answer: Falconry.

question: Why did Thornton's attempt at purchasing a French estate fail?

answer: It failed due to naturalization difficulties and the renewal of the Napoleonic Wars.

question: What is the title of the book published by Thornton?

answer: It is titled "A Sporting Tour through the Northern Parts of England and Great Part of the Highlands of Scotland".

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer:
Thomas Thornton was an English sportsman known for his outdoor pursuits and betting. He was born in London and attended Glasgow University. After succeeding his father's estate, Thornton became a keen sportsman and revived falconry.

Thornton travelled often to France. He once met Napoleon and gifted him a set of pistols. Thornton intended to buy a French estate, but difficulties of naturalization scuppered his chances of ever owning one.

Thornton published A Sporting Tour through the Northern Parts of England and Great Part of the Highlands of Scotland in 1804.


text:
BACKGROUND  Physical activity is associated with low mortality in men, but little is known about the association in women, different age groups, and everyday activity.

OBJECTIVE  To evaluate the relationship between levels of physical activity during work, leisure time, cycling to work, and sports participation and all-cause mortality.

DESIGN  Prospective study to assess different types of physical activity associated with risk of mortality during follow-up after the subsequent examination. Mean follow-up from examination was 14.5 years.

SETTING  Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

PARTICIPANTS  Participants were 13,375 women and 17,265 men, 20 to 93 years of age, who were randomly selected. Physical activity was assessed by self-report, and health status, including blood pressure, total cholesterol level, triglyceride levels, body mass index, smoking, and educational level, was evaluated.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE  All-cause mortality.

RESULTS  A total of 2881 women and 5668 men died. Compared with the sedentary, age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates in leisure time physical activity groups 2 to 4 were 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.71), 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.66), and 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.68), respectively, with no difference between sexes and age groups. Within the moderately and highly active persons, sports participants experienced only half the mortality of nonparticipants. Bicycling to work decreased risk of mortality in approximately 40% after multivariate adjustment, including leisure time physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS  Leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in both men and women in all age groups. Benefit was found from moderate leisure time physical activity, with further benefit from sports activity and bicycling as transportation.

A NUMBER of prospective studies¹ have shown lower mortality rates in physically active men compared with sedentary men. Most studies2-4 of men have focused on the amount of leisure time physical activity. Also, physical activity at work5,6 and the intensity of physical activity have been shown to be associated with a lower risk of disease and death.² Less evidence exists for women. Lissner et al⁷ examined the relation between all-cause mortality and physical activity in women. They reported that mortality was twice as high in the group with the lowest activity level compared with the more active groups. In contrast, Blair et al⁸ found no difference in mortality between physical activity groups in women. They suggested that the physical activity assessment technique they used was less accurate in women than in men, since focus was on self-reported traditional sport and leisure time physical activities, omitting other activities pertinent to this group, such as housework and child care. Studies associating physical activity in daily living, such as cycling to work, to mortality are few.

The aim of this study was to analyze whether the risk from being physically inactive was consistent across age and sex groups. We examined the association of leisure time physical activity, physical activity at work, bicycling to work, and sports activities to mortality after adjustment for blood pressure, blood lipid levels, smoking, body mass index, and educational level.

This study is based on pooled data from 3 epidemiological surveys from the region of Copenhagen: The Copenhagen City Heart Study, The Glostrup Population Studies, and The Copenhagen Male Study.⁹

A total of 13,455 women and 17,441 men have been examined. Information on chronic disease that could influence physical activity level and risk of death was obtained at the examination and, after 1977, additionally from hospital records. In 2960 women and 3959 men, a chronic disease had been diagnosed before baseline. Chronic diseases diagnosed according to _International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision_ included cancers (diagnoses 140-172, 174-209, 230-239), cardiovascular diseases (diagnoses 400-448), lung diseases (diagnoses 490-493), and musculoskeletal diseases (diagnoses 710-738).

The Copenhagen City Heart Study

In 1976 and 1978, 19,329 individuals, 20 to 93 years of age, from central Copenhagen were invited to participate in a medical examination. The sample was randomly selected within age strata from a population of 90,000 inhabitants living in this area.¹⁰ From 1981 to 1983, another 500 individuals, 20 to 25 years of age, were invited, and 1276 of the former nonparticipants participated this time. A total of 19,829 living subjects have been invited to at least one examination, and of these, 8489 women and 7188 men were included in this study.

The Glostrup Population Studies

Since 1964, cohorts from the suburbs of the western part of Copenhagen County have been invited to participate in a health examination.¹¹ The cohorts comprise men and women in the age range of 20 to 75 years at entry. A total of 13,122 people have been invited, of whom 4966 women and 5026 men participated. All cohorts were randomly selected. The present study includes the following cohorts. (1) _The 1897 Birth Cohort_. The first examination was performed in 1967 and included 636 subjects, of whom 440 participated (69%). Thirty-nine of the former nonparticipants were examined in 1977. (2) _The 1914 Birth Cohort_. The first examination was performed in 1964, and the cohort was expanded in 1984 and 1989. A total of 663 men (85%) and 589 women (76%) have been examined. (3) _The 1936 Birth Cohort_. In the first examination in 1976, 1052 individuals (88%) of the 1199 invited participated. Twenty-six of the nonparticipants from the first examination were examined in 1981 and another 29 in 1987. A total of 520 men (90%) and 587 women (95%) have been examined. (4) _The MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease) 1 Cohorts_. Four cohorts, comprising 4807 subjects aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years, were invited to participate in a medical examination in 1982. A total of 1915 men (81%) and 1842 women (77%) have been examined. (5) The MONICA 2 Cohorts. Four cohorts, including 2000 subjects, were invited to take part in a medical examination in 1986. Participants were 702 women (71%) and 695 men (70%) aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years. (6) _The MONICA 3 Cohorts_. Five cohorts, comprising 2912 subjects, were invited to participate in a health examination in 1992. Participants were 1015 women (70%) and 994 men (70%) aged 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years.

The Copenhagen Male Study

In 1970 and 1971, all men aged 40 to 59 years who were employed at 1 of 14 major work sites in Copenhagen were invited to participate in a health examination.¹² A total of 6125 men were invited, and 5227 men (86%) participated.

In both The Glostrup Population Studies and The Copenhagen City Heart Study, subjects were randomly selected from The Danish Central Population Registry. The Copenhagen Male Study included all middle-aged male employees in 14 randomly selected public and private companies, and the mortality rate among these men was lower compared with the total male population of Copenhagen because of a healthy worker effect.⁹

Information regarding physical activity, smoking, and number of years of education was collected from questionnaires.

Physical activity of work and leisure time was classified into 4 levels based on questions originally constructed and evaluated by Saltin and Grimby.¹³ The physical activity level was assessed as the mean level during the last year. Small differences existed in the words used in the questions among the cohorts, but 4 categories were used in all cohorts, and the age-specific distributions of leisure time physical activity were similar in the different cohorts.

Most of the subjects answered the following question: "(1) Is your work primarily sitting, ie, at a desk, housewife without children and with house aid; (2) sitting or standing and now and then walking, ie, teacher, housewife (you do the cleaning yourself and do not have small children); (3) walking, now and then lifts, ie, postman, housewife with small children; and (4) heavy manual work, ie, furniture remover, road construction worker."

In one of the cohorts, the frequency of heavy work was used instead. No differences were found in the distribution of subjects or mortality between groups using this question; therefore, the data were pooled.

In most cohorts, leisure time physical activity was assessed by responses to the following statements: "(1) You are almost entirely sedentary or perform light physical activity less than 2 hours per week, ie, reading, TV, cinema; (2) You perform light physical activity 2-4 hours per week, ie, walking, cycling, light gardening; (3) You perform light physical activity more than 4 hours per week or more vigorous activity 2-4 hours per week, ie, brisk walking, fast cycling, heavy gardening, sports where you get sweaty or exhausted; (4) You perform highly vigorous physical activity more than 4 hours per week or regular exercise or competitive sports several times per week."

A few cohorts used other phrases in these statements, but the distribution of subjects between groups was similar. Since the number of subjects and deaths among the most physically active in leisure time was limited (Table 1 and Table 2), levels 3 and 4 were analyzed together in the analysis of age subgroups.

In addition, 14,727 subjects indicated whether they took part in sports activity (yes or no), and 6954 were asked if they used a bicycle as transportation to work (yes or no).

The subjects classified themselves as never smokers, previous smokers, or current smokers, and the number of cigarettes, cheroots, or cigars or weight of pipe tobacco smoked daily was recorded. Many smokers in Denmark smoke pipes and cheroots, and some smoke a mixture of different types. Therefore, smoking was recoded into grams of tobacco, where 1 cigarette equals 1 g of tobacco. So

question: What is the focus of this study?

answer: The study is about the association between physical activity and mortality in women. The objective is to investigate the relationship between levels of physical activity during work, leisure time, cycling to work, and sports participation and all-cause mortality.

question: How was the experiment designed?

answer: The study assessed different types of physical activity associated with risk of mortality during follow-up after the subsequent examination. The average time between the examination and the follow-up was 14.5 years.

question: What is the conclusion of the study?

answer: Leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in both men and women in all age groups. Benefit was found from moderate leisure time physical activity.


text:
She wakes in the morning. Dry mouth, sore legs and the sour taste of spent whiskey lying in the back of her throat. A quick look to the left reveals glowing green numbers; 6:08 am floating towards her through the darkness. Too early for any happy soul to be awake, she thinks to herself, before dragging her aching body up and out of bed. Her warm feet hit the cold wooden floor, sending an unwelcome wake up call shooting through her body. Grabbing the tattered robe from the hook on the door (left over from the last tenant, never removed out of convenience), she pulls it over her shivering shoulders, making her way down the derelict staircase into the kitchen.
She crosses the well-worn tile, making a beeline for the coffee pot. Left over elixir from the day before, she pours into a chipped ceramic mug fished from an overhead cabinet, coaxing herself onto her toes to reach in. After taking a couple cautious swallows, she decides it will do before setting the mug on a windowsill, peering out into the waking world, watching fog begin to rise away from the streets. She reaches into the front pocket of her robe, removing one battered pack of cigarettes, using the expert flick of a thin finger to push one out.  Securing it between her teeth, she moves to the stove, bending carefully while igniting the flame to light it. She sucks in the fire, watching the ember race towards her lips, before inhaling and then letting slowly escape one of the many vices she swore herself to give up long ago. Well, it’s almost time for a few things. Making her way back upstairs, she sets to the task of packing up her life, throwing away memories and washing this part as far down the drain as it will go.

I

“Hannah! Hannah wait!”

No, she thinks to herself. Call my name all you want, but I’m not waiting around for anything from you anymore. She pulls her peacoat tighter around her petite frame, shielding herself from the harsh Midwest winter air as she hurries away from him.

“I didn’t mean it, come on, you know me!”

Well I thought I did, she scoffs inwardly. Clearly I should’ve known better than to presume I knew anything about you at all. She quickens her pace, letting his voice get lost in the tight air.
Nathan, you asshole, she thinks to herself. What more could I have given you, and what makes you think you deserve anything else, after what you’ve done? Not only did you cheat, but she was my *friend*. Tears stinging in her eyes, she continues her brisk walk. To where, she didn’t know. It wasn’t as if she had anyone left to confide in. Her mother, loving though she was, would only offer paltry words of support, while quietly judging her for letting any man get as close as Nathan had in the first place. Her sister, miles away, with a bouncing new baby and a husband about as developed, would hardly be able to hear her over the cacophony of a teeming household. And Alice. That *bitch*. She knew of Hannah’s insecurities, knew how burned she’d been in the past, and she still slept with him? Well, to hell with her then. Perhaps her and Nathan could keep each other warm in the desolation of purgatory. A vibration in her pocket causes her fingers to search out her phone. Involuntarily she checks the screen, not knowing whom she would be hearing from at this time of night anyway. *Alice*, it reads. Right, like I’m giving you a chance to explain. She lets the call ring through, only to be greeted by the ding signaling a new voicemail. Accessing her inbox, she holds the cold piece of metal to her already stinging ear, waiting to see which words Alice would choose to try and justify the situation.

“Hannah, baby. It’s not what you think, I swear it’s not. We just.. I was drunk. It didn’t mean anything, not to either of us.”

Either of you? Hannah thinks. So what, now you’re a package deal?
A bitter laugh escapes her chapped lips, while she hits *End* and stows the phone back into her pocket. It had been years since she allowed herself anything stronger than a glass of champagne, but right about now the bar up the street was looking awfully welcoming. She pulls her shoulders back, and sets her feet on a determined path for it’s warmly lit doorway.

II

“Where the fuck…?” Hannah begins, her voice raspy with sleep and the tail end of at least a packs worth of cigarettes.

She begins to look around her, absolutely nothing familiar about her surroundings. She takes stock; no panties, bra flung over a lamp against the far wall, no sign of her pants, purse or phone. No one in bed next to her, for the time being, which offers her a small relief. She can maintain at least some of her dignity while she gets her bare ass out of this strange bed to go on the hunt for her clothing.
She's on the floor, ass in the air, trying to fish her jeans out from under the bed

“How in the hell did these even get here…?” she mutters, when she hears the door quietly push open.

Popping up quickly enough to bang her head on the bottom of the frame, she looks up while massaging the sore spot, to see someone in the doorway.

“Hey…” He begins, grinning at her sheepishly, turning with blushing cheeks slightly away from her, presumably to give her a scrap of privacy while she shimmies into the skinnies she managed to retrieve.

“Uhm, hi.” She replies, trying to maintain her composure while yanking her feet through the holes, which isn’t a small feat in the standing position. After fastening the button in place, she musters up the courage to look this fellow in the face.
Dark, thick hair pushed over to the side. Deep green eyes, and a nicely chiseled mouth still wearing a bewildered half smile. Given her lack of memory, she actually finds herself to be a little proud for not having gone for a total dud.

“So you’re.. Shit, I’m sorry. I don’t actually remember.” She stammers, an unwanted blush beginning to creep up her cheeks.

“Yeah I, uh, thought that might be the case.. I’m Nathan. It’s nice to.. Uhm. Meet you.” He holds out his hand awkwardly, like they hadn’t just spent the night, naked, in the same bed.

“Hannah.” She responds, taking his strong hand in her own. “Did we, uh…?” Trailing off, letting the question ask itself.

“Well no, actually,” He says, “You.. Well, you were a little.. out of it. Call it chivalry if you’d like, but your friend, Alice I think her name was, fell all over me on her way out with someone else and asked me to take care of you.”
Typical, Hannah thought to herself. She loved Alice and all, but she was notorious for being MIA in desperate situations.

“Well gosh.. Nathan. I really am sorry, for.. Whatever it is that, uh, happened.”

“Not much, actually,” He says, a reconciliatory look in his eyes. “I actually slept on the couch.. I guess maybe you just sleep better naked?” Another blush, this time his own.

“Haha well, I guess that is actually true.. I just wasn’t sure, if.. Well. Clearly I don’t remember much from last night.”

“Yeah, you were.. A bit of a mess, I’ll be honest. But it just wouldn’t have seemed right, even if you had wanted to.. You know. Which for the record, you didn’t. You just.. Talked. A lot. But no!” he paused, raising his hands palms up at the crumpling expression on Hannah’s face. “No, no. It’s alright, it wasn’t.. Look, please, really don’t worry about it. Honestly I’m glad to have brought you home, You’re.. Well, you’re different. In a good way, I assure you. Look, is there any chance you’d let me buy you coffee? I think we both could use it. And maybe I could help you piece together exactly how you got here. Deal?”

Hannah looked at him, straight on. It would probably be easier to say no, I’ve actually got to get going.. But something in his face made her want to say yes.

“Well, it couldn’t hurt.. Sure, let me just find..” She looked about herself, her eyebrows knitting together.

“This?” He said, hooking her lacy black bra off the lamp with one finger.

“Haha uhm.. Yeah. That. Thanks.”

III

And where did that get me? Hannah thought bitterly to herself, nursing her fourth Jameson and ginger at the dingy little bar she had found herself in. So sweet, so knight in shining armor. Such a good seeming thing, in the beginning. So easy to let my guard down, to tell him where I’ve been and where I hope to be. All those walls torn down, and for what? Betrayal? To be proven right in building them in the first place?
Well it’s pretty clear there’s no place in this town for me anymore. Mediocre job, bridges to be burned, not to mention I can’t remember the last time I saw anything that astounded me. Well, aside from.. But that’s over now. He’s gone, and I’m not going to let him come back.
She raises a single finger to the tired looking bartender, signaling her desire for another.

“A double this time, if you wouldn’t mind. No ice. In fact, skip the gingerale, too.”He gives her a brief look of concern, before shrugging his shoulders, as if to say hey, not my business.

He certainly delivers, a short rocks glass almost overflowing with the amber liquid slid in front of her. She knocks it back, places a couple $20’s on the bar before grabbing her purse, sliding into her jacket and making her way once more out into the unforgiving night.

Sitting on the floor of her room now, she takes stock of the boxes around her. A bit saddened by the fact that the ‘give away’ outnumber the ‘keep’, she lets her head fall into her waiting hands, her small fingers beginning to gently massage her temples. She can feel the beginning of a sob rise into her throat, and throws her head back, pulling in a deep breath to stem its flow. No use, she thinks. Succumbing will only lengthen the process. Better to continue. It hadn’t been an easy life for Hannah. In fact one could argue that there had been more dark stretches than bright. But she was still here. She had still been able to keep going. And there was nothing now to hold her, no reason to let this instance be the one to break her down. And with that, she grabbed the packing tape, and began to seal away her old life, to be left on the curb for whoever might like what they found there.

The next morning she took her small ‘keep’ pile, and loaded it into the back of her car. Armed only with a map and a large coffee from the gas station, she drove away from the town she once thought would contain her happy ending. Without sparing it one last backward glance, she got on the freeway, speeding eagerly toward the beginning of the rest of her life.

title: [MF] Destroy the Middle

question: Summarize Hannah's relationship with Nathan.

answer: Hannah wakes up naked in Nathan's house after being drunk the night before. She thinks she slept with him but he reveals he merely gave her a place to stay. He asks her out to coffee. Their relationship ends when he cheats on her with her friend Alice.

question: What does the story say about where Hannah is going?


text:
CARROLL F. WALES[1][2] (September 15, 1917 – May 6, 2007) was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe and the United States. A fine arts major at Harvard College, he received an art conservation degree from the Fogg Art Museum. Wales graduated in 1949 and went on to restore important mosaics and frescoes at prominent museums and religious sites around the world. In addition to these projects, he became co-proprietor with Constantine Tsaousis of Oliver Brothers, an art restoration firm in Boston, Massachusetts.

Notable restoration projects

Carroll Wales[3] has restored and conserved numerous artworks by some of the world's most famous artists, including Annibale Carracci, John Singleton Copley, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Gilbert Stuart, Rembrandt Van Rijn and others.

From 1957-1959, Wales accompanied archaeologist Max Mallowan and his wife, Agatha Christie, to Nimrud, Iraq to work on conservation of ivories.[4] During this time, he also worked with the Byzantine Institute, an organization whose mission was excavating and restoring mosaics, icons, and frescoes in the Middle East. Wales worked at the Kariye Camii and in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.[5] During this time, Wales also assembled one of the most comprehensive Byzantine coin collections in the world.[6]

In 1960, Wales joined an expedition to do restoration work in the Monastery of St. Catherine in Mt. Sinai, Egypt,[7] and in the following years made several trips to work on Icons at monasteries on Mount Athos, in Greece.

After the devastating flooding in Italy in 1963, Wales helped save damaged artwork in Florence.He joined an international group of art restorers in 1966, to help save priceless works of art damaged during floods in Florence, Italy.[8][9] Later, he did restoration work on the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family in Tarragona, Spain and in the United States.

In 1977, Wales worked on murals by Arshile Gorky, an artist New York (magazine) described as one of the “founders of postwar New York abstract painting.” He spent over a year restoring the wall murals from the Newark Airport, which had been painted over with fifteen coats of wall enamel. The murals now hang in the Newark Museum.[10]

Notable Collections

EARLY CHRISTIAN OBJECTS - a collection of jewelry, sculpture, bronzes, pottery, and fine oil lamps.[11] The most important part of the collection is its bronze enkolpias-early pendants expressing Orthodox Christian faith.

BYZANTINE COIN COLLECTION - one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind, consisting of many important gold and silver coins. The highlight of the collection is its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Paul A. Underwood; Lawrence J. Majewski, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 14, (1960), pp. 205-222 Notes on the Work of the Byzantine Institute in Istanbul: 1957-1959; The Conservation of a Byzantine Fresco Discovered at Etyemez, Istanbul, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University

[6] Coins and Medals including Renaissance and Later Medals from the Collection of Dr Charles Avery and Byzantine Coins from the Estate of Carroll F. Wales, Sotheby’s London, 12 June 2008, auction records.

[7] Directory of Materials and Services, Bulletin of the American Group. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Nov., 1960), pp. 7-9. The American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works

[8] _“The Terrible Plight of the Renaissance Land”,_ Life Magazine_, Dec. 16, 1966._

[9] The Terrible Plight of the Renaissance Land|last=Life Magazine|date=16 December 1966|website=Google Books|url-status=live|access-date=15 November 2019}}

[10] Arshile Gorky Flies Again, Thomas B. Hess, New York Magazine, Sept. 12, 1977.

[11] Christian Objects Important Single Collection of Early Christian Objects, Fragments of Time, Inc., November 28, 2008 auction catalog

[12]

title: Carroll Snow Wales

question: What is a notable building Carroll Snow Wales did restoration work for?

answer: The Monastery of St. Catherine in Mt. Sinai, Egypt

question: What type of art did Carroll Snow Wales specialize in?

answer: Christian Byzantine art

question: Where was Carroll Snow Wales born?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Describe the Byzantine Coin Collection.

answer: It is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind. It consists of gold and silver coins, including more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

question: Who was Arshile Gorky?

answer: An artist whom New York magazine described as one of the "founders of postwar New York abstract painting."

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Carroll Snow Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in early Christian Byzantine art. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medeival art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.


text:
Action Bronson Arrested for Smoking Weed ... At Kosovo Music Festival

8/12/2018 6:46 AM PT

[]

ACTION BRONSON was arrested Saturday in Kosovo after lighting up a joint on stage and hurling it into the crowd.

The Queens New York rapper was performing at the Sunny Hill festival when he crossed the line with weed. It didn't amuse cops -- at all -- and he was arrested right at the venue.

The video (below) is probably all prosecutors will need, because you see the rapper spark as plain as day.

Waiting for your permission to load the Instagram Media.

Police took Bronson into custody and it appears he either posted bail or signed something, because he has already been released. A police spokesman said, "Following the interview with the competent prosecutor's order the same was released." Sorry, that's the best translation we could find.

question: Why was Action Bronson arrested?

answer: He lighted up a join on stage, which is illegal in most parts of the world.

question: Why did Action Bronson light up a joint while on stage?

answer: The article doesn't elaborate on this.

question: How did the rapper get released?

answer: The article speculates that he either signed something or post bail, but that's just a guess.

question: What did the police say about the rapper's release?

answer: "Following the interview with the competent prosecutor's order the same was released."

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Action Bronson was arrested Saturday in Kosovo after lighting up a joint on stage. The police arrested him right at the venue. However, the New York rapper was released soon.


text:
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It was a result which made the whole of Europe sit up and take notice.

Ajax’s victory over Real Madrid has been the story of the Champions League so far this season and now the Dutch club have another scalp in their sights.

In-demand left-back Nicolas Tagliafico has been a major part of Ajax’s remarkable journey to the quarter-finals, but they will go to Turin with the same belief.

The Argentine said: “We will have the same determination that we had against Real Madrid, this time against Juventus . We know it’s really tough, they are a great team and, on top of that, they have great players like Cristiano Ronaldo .

“With our tools, now well-known by everybody, we can play without fear again to get another big result against Juventus.

[]

Tagliafico's performances against Luka Modric and Real earned rave reviews (Image: David Ramos)
“We are fearless. We went to Madrid determined to enjoy ourselves. It was our best game we’ve played this year. It was perfect. The first game was almost perfect even though the result was not good but the second game was amazing. Just amazing.

“Now, against Juventus, we need another perfect game, but why not? I think it was one of the best moments in the last decades for Ajax.

“We have to make the most of it, enjoy it because I believe we can carry on making history.”

Ajax have a rich European tradition as four-time European Cup winners, famous for producing greats like Johan Cruyff and Dennis Bergkamp. They are enjoying a remarkable renaissance.

[]

The result at the Bernabeu shocked football (Image: AFP/Getty Images)
[]

Ronaldo wants to win the Champions League four times back-to-back (Image: REUTERS)

They smashed Gareth Bale and Madrid 4-1 in the Bernabeu with Dusan Tadic the star of the show, they had two thrilling group matches with Bayern Munich and their biggest star, Frenkie de Jong, is due to sign for Barcelona this summer.

They are in the Dutch title race and cup final and could yet win a treble as they look to begin the road back to their glory days.

“You have to dream,” said Tagliafico. “We’re in the quarter-finals for a reason. You can see it will be very, very difficult.

“But you have a chance, even a very small chance and you have to have faith. It’s what I said about the Bernabeu and look what happened!

“Ajax have built a good team and with this philosophy any player can come in and join, have a good game and impress. Now we have a good team.

[]

But Ajax now want to add his Juventus to their hit-list (Image: Lars Baron)
“In Madrid, we played like we were at home, we approach every game the same.

“That’s what I like the most. We played against Madrid the same, both in Amsterdam and in the Bernabeu. We play with aggression and try to play with possession and pressure.

“We are in three competitions at the moment. We are actually enjoying this beautiful moment.”

Tagliafico, who speaks good English, began his career at his boyhood club Banfield in Argentina before joining Independiente and in January last year, moved to Ajax.

[]

Marc Overmars took to the pitch after they saw off Real Madrid (Image: Getty Images)
He has already captained his country, is enjoying the best season of his career and does not hide his ambition to one day move to the Premier League, with Arsenal among the clubs watching his progress.

Tagliafico said: “I think in the summer it could be a natural time to take the step.

“But I try not to think about taking that step just yet because we have many important games to focus on.

“Yes, it’s flattering because I think it’s the most competitive league. When you are a child, the target is to come to Europe and play in a top league like the Premier League. I came to Ajax because of the philosophy, the style of football and the club.

[]

Ronaldo is trying to create history (Image: Getty)
“I could have gone to Betis in Spain, but I knew that at Ajax I would learn and improve which made it the best step – and it’s happened as I predicted.

“It was the perfect moment to come to Europe, it was late because I was 25, it’s late for a player. It was tough to take the decision, but I needed to take a risk.

“We’ve had this same plan for a long time. It’s a club that is used to selling young players so we know we have to rebuild every now and then.

"But this year especially was one of the best years because the squad and the players which got together was really good and the players, the staff and the fans are together. We’re on the same path like a family.”

question: What did Nicolas Tagliafico have to say regarding Ajax's upcoming game against Juventus?

answer: They'll have the same determination they had against Real Madrid, and that Juventus is a great team with great players.

question: Which sport is this?

answer: Soccer, or, as it's known in the rest of the world, football.

question: How many times had Ajax won the European Cup at the time of this article?

answer: 4

question: Where did Tagliafico spend his boyhood?

answer: Argentina.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Nicolas Tagliafico is a footballer playing for Ajax. A four-time European Cup winner, the team is set to play Juventus, hot off a win against Real Madrid. Tagliafoco-who speaks English and grew up in Argentina-praises their upcoming rival for their skills, but thinks Ajax stands a chance at another title.