text:
MADISON COUNTY is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 82,916.[1] Its county seat is Richmond.[2] The county is named for Virginia statesman James Madison, who later became the fourth President of the United States.[3]

Madison County is part of the Richmond–Berea, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Lexington–Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY Combined Statistical Area.

It is considered a moist county, meaning that although the county prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages (and is thus a dry county), it contains a city where retail alcohol sales are allowed. Nevertheless, two of Richmond's 19 precincts are dry.[4] Alcohol can also be sold by the drink in Berea,[5] Richmond, and at Arlington and The Bull golf clubs.

Madison County is home to Eastern Kentucky University, Berea College, Boone Tavern, and Bybee Pottery,(closed February 2011) one of the oldest pottery operations in the United States.[6] This is also where famous pioneer Daniel Boone lived and built Fort Boonesborough, now a state historic site.

Indian trader John Findley, Daniel Boone, and four others first came into the area that is now Madison County in 1769 on a hunting and exploring expedition. In 1774, the Transylvania Company, led by Judge Richard Henderson of North Carolina, purchased of land west of the Appalachians (including present-day Madison County) from the Cherokee Nation. Daniel Boone was hired to cut a trail through the Cumberland Gap and establish a settlement on the Kentucky River. The settlement at Fort Boonesborough began in April 1775.

In 1785, Madison County was established from a portion of Lincoln County, Virginia.[7][8]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.3%) is water.[9]

Major highways

-   Interstate 75
-   U.S. 25
-   U.S. 421
-   KY 52

Adjacent counties

-   Fayette County (north)
-   Clark County (northeast)
-   Estill County (east)
-   Jackson County (southeast)
-   Rockcastle County (south)
-   Garrard County (southwest)
-   Jessamine County (northwest)

Demographics

As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 70,872 people, 27,152 households, and 18,218 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 29,595 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 93.01% White, 4.44% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

There were 27,152 households, out of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.10% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.90% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.90.

By age, 21.90% were under 18, 18.80% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 20.10% from 45 to 64, and 9.80% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. Both the relatively large 18-to-24 population and the relatively low median age can be explained by the presence of Eastern Kentucky University, and to a considerably lesser extent Berea College. For every 100 females, there were 93.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,861, and the median income for a family was $41,383. Males had a median income of $31,974 versus $22,487 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,790. About 12.00% of families and 16.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.80% of those under age 18 and 17.10% of those age 65 or over.

Elections

  Year                               Republican                                   Democratic                                   Third parties
  ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ---------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2020   style=“text-align:center;” |62.3% _27,336_   style=“text-align:center;” |35.5% _15,549_   2.2% _968_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |62.7% _23,431_   style=“text-align:center;” |31.6% _11,793_   5.7% _2,147_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |63.4% _21,128_   style=“text-align:center;” |34.6% _11,512_   2.1% _682_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |60.5% _19,694_   style=“text-align:center;” |38.1% _12,392_   1.4% _451_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |61.6% _18,922_   style=“text-align:center;” |37.5% _11,525_   0.9% _260_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |57.8% _13,682_   style=“text-align:center;” |39.3% _9,309_    2.9% _675_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |48.2% _9,212_    style=“text-align:center;” |42.6% _8,142_    9.2% _1,748_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |43.9% _8,719_    style=“text-align:center;” |40.4% _8,005_    15.7% _3,117_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |59.4% _9,958_    style=“text-align:center;” |39.8% _6,672_    0.8% _136_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |63.1% _11,309_   style=“text-align:center;” |36.3% _6,509_    0.6% _108_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |47.7% _8,437_    style=“text-align:center;” |46.5% _8,208_    5.8% _1,026_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |46.6% _6,581_    style=“text-align:center;” |51.7% _7,299_    1.7% _234_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |65.6% _8,659_    style=“text-align:center;” |32.8% _4,328_    1.6% _212_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |44.8% _5,325_    style=“text-align:center;” |32.7% _3,884_    22.5% _2,669_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |38.1% _4,266_    style=“text-align:center;” |61.4% _6,877_    0.5% _57_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |54.4% _6,692_    style=“text-align:center;” |45.7% _5,621_    0.0% _0_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |50.9% _5,955_    style=“text-align:center;” |48.4% _5,670_    0.7% _85_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |49.8% _5,886_    style=“text-align:center;” |49.9% _5,901_    0.2% _28_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |44.6% _4,619_    style=“text-align:center;” |51.6% _5,344_    3.7% _386_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |48.4% _5,468_    style=“text-align:center;” |51.0% _5,769_    0.6% _70_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |46.9% _5,789_    style=“text-align:center;” |52.5% _6,484_    0.5% _67_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |48.8% _6,034_    style=“text-align:center;” |50.6% _6,259_    0.7% _82_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |45.1% _5,811_    style=“text-align:center;” |54.0% _6,957_    0.9% _116_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |57.0% _6,325_    style=“text-align:center;” |42.7% _4,736_    0.3% _29_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |51.3% _5,276_    style=“text-align:center;” |47.6% _4,895_    1.2% _121_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |51.2% _6,012_    style=“text-align:center;” |48.1% _5,647_    0.7% _80_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |47.6% _3,017_    style=“text-align:center;” |51.9% _3,295_    0.5% _32_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |34.7% _2,094_    style=“text-align:center;” |49.5% _2,992_    15.8% _953_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[11]

Education

Schools

Madison County is served by two school districts:

-   Madison County Schools currently consisting of 10 elementary, 5 middle, and 2 high schools.
-   Berea Independent Schools. currently consisting of 1 elementary, 1 middle, and 1 high school.

Colleges and universities

-   Eastern Kentucky University, located in Richmond
-   Berea College, located in Berea
-   National College of Business & Technology, located in Richmond

Communities

-   Boonesborough
-   Berea
-   Kirksville
-   Richmond (county seat)
-   Waco
-   Kingston

Economy

Military

The Blue Grass Army Depot is located just south of Richmond.

Notable people

-   Mary Kavanaugh Eagle (1854–1903), American activist, clubwoman, book editor
-   Lonnie Napier (1940–) – former representative for House District 36 in the Kentucky House of Representatives.
-   Dominique Hawkins – basketball player for the University of Kentucky; graduated from Madison Central High School in Richmond.
-   Kit Carson - Christopher Houston Carson (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868), better known as Kit Carson, was an American frontiersman. He was a mountain man (fur trapper), wilderness guide, Indian agent, and U.S. Army officer. Carson became a frontier legend in his own lifetime via biographies and news articles.[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] Foust, Michele. “200-year-old Kentucky pottery business a sight to see”, _Atlanta Journal-Constitution_, 2007-02-25. Retrieved on February 23, 2009.

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Madison County, Kentucky

question: What does the text say about the early people of Madison County?

answer: On a hunting and exploring expedition, Indian trader John Findley, Daniel Boone and four others arrived, what is now Madison County, in 1769. The land was purchased from the Cherokee Nation in 1774 by Judge Richard Henderson of North Carolina who hired Boone to cut a trail through the Cumberland Gap and settle on the Kentucky River. Boone continued to settle and build the historic site of Fort Boonesborough in 1775.


split: test

text:
TIETGENSGADE is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from H. C. Andersens Boulevard in the northeast to Kvlgtorvgade at the Meat-Packing District in the southwest, linking Stormgade in the city centre with Halmtorvet and Sønder Boulevard in Vesterbro. The street follows the rear side of Tivoli Gardens and Copenhagen Central Station. The viaduct that carries it across the railway tracks at the central station is known as TIETGENSBRO (Tietgen's Bridge). A series of staircases and lifts provides direct access from the viaduct to the station platforms.

History

[The street seen on a detail from a drawing by [Franz [Saive from 1897. Dantes Plads is visible in the upper left corner and a lumberyard can be seen in the bottom right corner] Tietgensgade was created after the southern part of Copenhagen's West Rampart, from the city's haymarket (now City Hall Square) to the harbourfront, had finally been removed in the early 1880s. The street was then a direct continuation of Ny Vestergade and was therefore initially called Ny Vestergades Fprlængelse (Ny Vestergade's Extension).[1] The trapezoid shape of Dantes Plads reflects how Ny Vestergade used to curve around the right-hand side of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.

[A social shooting event at Enighedsværn seen on an illustration from ''Illustreret Tidende'] The far end of the street was initially dominated by extensive storage yards for timber and firewood. The country house Enighedsværn was also located in that end of the street. The building was taken over by the city and used as an annex school under the schools in Gasværksvej and Matthæusgade.

The street was renamed Tietgensgade in 1904 to commemorate Carl Frederik Tietgen who had died a few years earlier. The transfer of a narrow strip of Tivoli Gardens and the subsequent demolition of the Arena Theatre in 1906 made it possible to connect the street to Stormgade, creating a more straight route through the inner city. On 30 November 1911, Copenhagen Central Station was inaugurated on a site next to Tivoli Gardens. Its predecessor had been located on the other side of the street.

Notable buildings

[No. 31: Rudolph Bergh's Hospital] The former West Hospital (No. 31), later renamed Rudolph Berg's Hospital after its founder, Rudolph Bergh, is from 1885. The building was designed by Vilhelm Petersen,[2]

The former Western Power Station (Vestre Elektricitetsværk), built in 1896-98 for Københavns Belysningsvæsen after the design by Ludvig Fenger, was one of the first power plants in Copenhagen. The disused plant has been converted into a district cooling plant and administration office for HOFOR, Greater Copenhagen’s largest utility company.[3]

[No. 35-39: Copenhagen Central Post Building] Copenhagen Central Post Building (No. 35-39) was built as new headquarters for the Danish Post and Telegraph Company and later taken over by Post Danmark. The building is now under conversion into an upscale hotel. The Baroque Revival style building was designed by Heinrich Wenck, who also designed the Central Station, and completed in 1912.

[No. 74: Rysensteen Gymnasium] The Tivoli Concert Hall (No. 20) is from 1953 and was designed by Frits Schlegel and Hans Hansen. It predecessor, a concert hall from 1802 designed by Knud Arne Petersen in “Moorish style”, was destroyed by schalburgtage in World War II. The new concert hall was expanded by 3XN in 2006.[4]

DGI-Byen (No. 65), located at the corner of Tietgensgade and Ingerslevsgade, is a sports and swimming centre which opened in 2000. The building was designed by Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects.[5]

Rysensteen Gymnasium (No. 74, located at the corner with Kvægtorvsgade, is an upper-secondary school. The building is from ½886 and was designed by Hans Jørgen Holm who also designed the first stage of the Livestock Market on the other side of Kvægtorvsgade. The school was founded in 1850 and was originally located in Stormgade and Rysenstensgade.

Public art and memorials

[Georg Zoëga] [Bust of Rudolph Bergh] The garden strip along the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek features a number of monuments and other artworks that faces the street. These include a statue of the archeologist Georg Zoëga by Ludvig Brandstrup.

In fron of Rudolph Berg's Hospital stands a bust of Rudolph Berg. It was created by Peder Severin Krøyer in 1894 and later presented to the hospital. It was unveiled at its current location in 1909.

Transport

A series of staircases and lifts provides direct access from Tietgensbro to the platforms of Copenhagen Central Station. The main entrance to the City Circle Line metro station is located in Rewentlovsgade.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Tietgensgade

question: Where is Tietgensgade located?

answer: Central Copenhagen, Denmark.

question: List the notable buildings on Tietgensgade.

answer: Rudolph Bergh's Hospital, the former West Power Station, Copenhagen Central Post Building, The Tivoli Concert Hall, DGI-Byen, Rysensteen Gymnasium

question: When was Tietgensgade built?

answer: After the southern part of Copenhagen's West Rampart was removed in the early 1880s. It was renamed Tietgensgade in 1904.

question: Who was Carl Frederik Tietgen?

answer: The person Tietgensgade is named after, who died a few years prior to the street's renaming. Nothing else is mentioned about him in the article.

question: Summarize everything relating to Copenhagen Central Station.

answer: Tietsgensgade follows the rear side of Copengagen Central Station. The station was inaugurated on a site next to Tivoli Gardens on November 30, 1911. It was designed by Heinrich Wenck. A series of staircases and lifts provide direct access to the station's platforms from Tietgensbro.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Tietensgate is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The street is named after Carl Frederik Tietgen and was initiall built after the southern part of Copenhagen's West Rampart was removed in the early 1880s.


text:
Thoughts on Global Transaction ID, parallel slave, and multi-source replication

-   TO: maria-developers@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-   FROM: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
-   DATE: Thu, 09 Aug 2012 11:34:44 +0200
-   USER-AGENT: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) Emacs/23.4 (gnu/linux)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    This is a writeup of some thoughts I have on getting Global Transaction ID in
    MariaDB, as well as some related thoughts on parallel slave and multi-source
    replication.

    MySQL 5.6 has global transaction ID now, and I looked into it in some
    details. Unfortunately, I _really_ did not like what I saw. There are two main
    problems, in my opinion:

    1. The basic design is bad, leading to an excessively complicated
    implementation.

    2. The implementation looks very incomplete/immature, to the point that I am
    amazed that anyone would push code like this into a main tree.

    Point 2 means that I really do not want to maintain this piece of **** in
    MariaDB, though we can hope that things will improve in subsequent
    releases. Point 1 leads me to suggest that instead of merging the MySQL 5.6
    implementation, we could do our own implementation, using a design that is
    both much simpler, and at the same time more flexible that what is in MySQL
    5.6. I will elaborate further on these points in the rest of the mail.

    ----

    With respect to point 2, let me quote this little gem from the MySQL 5.6 code:

        /*
        Apparently this code is not being called. We need to
        investigate if this is a bug or this code is not
        necessary. /Alfranio
        */
        DBUG_ASSERT(0); /NOTREACHED/

    Now, certainly, there are dark corners of the MySQL replication code, and
    adding a comment/assert like this could be justified if a developer encounters
    it and finds it may be dead code.

    But this is _new_ code, added in a new 5.6 release! So the authors of the new
    feature, by their own statement, have no idea what the new code they are
    pushing into the main tree is actually doing. That is just insane. I have no
    idea what the replication team at MySQL is up to these days pulling stunts
    like this, I have to confess I am disappointed.

    I found many similar examples in the 5.6 code. I wrote up a more detailed
    analysis in TODO-171, where I elaborate more on the problems I see with the
    MySQL 5.6 Global Transaction ID code:

        https://mariadb.atlassian.net/browse/TODO-171

    When the authors do not understand the code themselves, it really does not
    seem attractive for us to try to support and bugfix it. I also found a lot of
    what I think are left-over, unsused parts of an even more complicated design
    that was apparently abandoned (or postponed?), but left in the code, which
    does not make supporting this any easier.

    ----

    To explain point 1, I first need to mention the MySQL 5.6 feature of parallel
    slave apply, as I believe that a major factor in the design of MySQL Global
    Transaction ID has been the need to interoperate with that feature.

    The MySQL parallel replication slave feature works so that transactions on
    tables in different databases can be run in parallel with each other
    (incidentally, there is some indication that the MySQL replication team
    considers this *the* meaning of parallel slave, which is sad, as it is just
    one piece of the general problem of replication slave scalability - it helps
    in some workloads, but it is useless for others).

    So with parallel slave, transactions on the master can be executed in a
    different order on the slave. This means that the crucial notion of a slaves
    current position in the replication stream becomes more complicated - it is
    not just a single point in the master binlog, rather every slave replication
    thread can be at a different point in the master binlog.

    MySQL 5.6 solves this by introducing "Gtid sets". A Gtid is a MySQL 5.6 global
    transaction ID - a unique, 24-byte identifier for every transaction. The state
    of a replication slave at any given moment is then

        the set Gtids of all transactions ever executed on that slave server

    This notion of having a set of all transactions ever executed really
    complicates the design. There is a need to represent such a set as basically
    intervals of "holes" in the Gtid sequence, to avoid the memory representation
    of such sets growing without bound over time. This in turns introduces the
    requirement that there can _never_ be holes in the sequence of Gtids generated
    on a master - if there ever is introduced a hole, slaves will wait around for
    ever waiting for a transaction containing the missing Gtid. I think recovering
    from errors with such a concept will be forever a nightmare.

    I think this basic fundament of the design is the main source of my dislike
    for the MySQL global transaction ID. It sounds nice on a first look, but once
    you start to think deeper on the problem it just does not seem to work well.

    ----

    So I think I have a better idea of how to make Global Transaction ID work well
    with parallel slave based on executing transactions in different databases
    out-of-order.

    The MySQL Gtid is defined as a pair of server-id and sequence number. Every
    master server has a single server-id (despite no less than 128 bits being
    allocated for this - anyone planning a replication hierarchy with 2**128
    servers?). The master generates a single stream of events in the binlog,
    though streams from other servers may be interleaved with it in case of
    multi-master.

    It is then the task of a slave to try to split up the single master stream in
    to multiple streams that can be executed in parallel. I think this is the root
    of the problem. The slave is the wrong place to do this splitting! It is on
    the master that we know how to interpret transactions (ie. that transactions
    in different databases are / are not independent), so doing this on the slave
    is harder. And two slaves can in general split differently, which makes it
    harder for a slave deeper in the replication hierarchy to switch to a new
    master (that master being itself a slave of a higher-up master), leading to
    the need for a complex set-of-all-executed-transactions concept.

    Suppose we instead make the decision on the _master_ on how to split up the
    replication stream for parallel apply. Instead of a single server-id for the
    master, we can have multiple - let us call them "Source ID".

    On the _master_, we will decide that two transactions in different databases
    are independent, and assign them different Source ID. The slave then receives
    multiple replication streams, and is free to execute each stream in parallel -
    or not, at the discretion of the DBA. Transactions _within_ a single stream
    are always executed in-order, so the slave has no need to remember any sets of
    all transactions ever executed - all it needs to remember is the sequence
    number within each stream it has seen - ie. last sequence number for each
    Source ID. This is a simple and obvious generalisation of the old concept of
    current binlog position. Downstream slaves see the exact same binlog
    sequences, each with transactions in the same order (though sequences may be
    interleaved differently) - so changing masters is simpler, all servers in the
    hierarchy have the same view.

    So to implement the same functionality as MySQL 5.6 parallel replication, all
    we need is on the master to generate Source ID as a hash of the database name
    (just as MySQL 5.6 assigns transactions to slave threads based on such hash of
    the database name). And implement a facility on the slave such that
    transactions with different Source ID can be executed in parallel by multiple
    slave threads.

    And now, since we decide on the master, we can provide much more flexibility
    for the application. We can have _some_ databases db1,db2 be executed in
    parallel on the slave - while other databases db3,db4 are considered
    dependent, and not modified out-of-order on the slave. Or the application can
    declare that two transactions are independent within the same database or even
    within the same table; for example log record inserts into a table can often
    be allowed to happen in different order on slaves. Or the DBA can assign a
    special Source ID to a long-runnign ALTER TABLE, and such ALTER TABLE can then
    execute independently on slaves to not stall the normal load.

    All we need is to provide a simple facility (eg. session variable) that
    applications/users can use to specify Source ID.

    And then the next step is multi-source replication, which is the much-request
    feature that one slave can replicate from two or more different masters at the
    same time. The different masters will just supply different Source IDs, so
    apart from the need to maintain multiple TCP connections, one to each master,
    from the rest of the code's point of view multi-source replication is no
    different, it is just more independent replication streams.

    So my suggestion is: rather than struggle to try and merge and support the
    MySQL 5.6 Global Transaction ID and parallel slave, let us instead implement
    something like the above idea, with multiple Source IDs on the master, and
    parallel execution of distinct replication streams on the slave. I believe
    this will be no more work, and the end result will be both simpler and more
    flexible.

    Thanks,

     - Kristian.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Follow ups

-   RE: THOUGHTS ON GLOBAL TRANSACTION ID, PARALLEL SLAVE, AND MULTI-SOURCE REPLICATION
    From: Stewart Smith, 2012-08-10
-   RE: THOUGHTS ON GLOBAL TRANSACTION ID, PARALLEL SLAVE, AND MULTI-SOURCE REPLICATION
    From: Sergei Petrunia, 2012-08-09

question: Summarize the narrator's problems with the Global Transaction ID on MariaDB.

answer: Firstly, the narrator says the basic design is bad which is affecting the implementation of the database. Also the code is badly written, culminating in an incomplete implementation. The narrator believes the author of the code do not understand it, which makes fixing the bugs within it complicated and not at all attractive for any developer to undertake.

question: What are the steps proposed by the narrator to made Global Transaction ID work well in MariaDB?

answer: The splitting of the master stream should not be done on the slave. Splitting it on slave is the root of the problem with Global Transaction ID. The decision ought to split the replication stream should be made on master and instead of a single serer-id, we can have many source ids. Hence we can generate Source ID on master and implement a facility on the slave so the different Source ID can be processed at the same time. After that, we need to execute multi-source replication where one slave can replicate from two or more masters at the same time.

question: Which company coded MariaDB?


text:
Streamvi is a Video Sharing platform founded in 2018 and made for the people who would like to get their videos uploaded quickly and fast.
On Streamvi you can find anything from lifestyle videos, Food videos, Business videos to soccer videos such as Soccer Goals, football highlights, soccer skills and much more. According to our Analytics, Streamvi is mostly used by the English football fans who support big Premier League clubs such as Liverpool, Chelsea, Manchester United and other big Football clubs.
Majority of our traffic comes from Reddit, Twitter and Search Engine searches. If you want to get your Videos uploaded and shared quickly, whether it will be a football highlights or just any other video, Streamvi is the right place for you.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article briefly describes the usefulness and function of a video sharing platform called Streamvi.


text:
The mop dragged sluggishly across the gritty floor. Years of dirt and grime from customers and employees tracking across it had stained the normally white floor to a shallow gray, leaving tracks up and down the aisles of the convenience store. The clerk lifted the mat behind the counter and vigorously scrubbed underneath. It seemed no one had cleaned under there in some time. The clerk scoffed; the laziness of some people. The bright florescent lights flickered slightly. Outside, thunder roared as rain came crashing down around the store in heavy sheets. It was nearly pitch black, aside from the dim light of the neon ‘OPEN’ sign hanging precariously from the large window adjacent to the front door. Flags up high on the roof snapped violently in the powerful wind. The lightning storm seemed to be getting worse. The clerk dipped the mop head into the bucket once again and squeezed out the filthy water before continuing to mop the floor behind the front counter. He heard a bell ring and turned to see the front door swing open, revealing a tall balding Caucasian man, middle aged, holding a newspaper over his head. The door slammed behind the man as he approached the front counter and the clerk smiled at him, straightening his work vest.

“What a storm!” the man proclaimed to the clerk. “The roads are flooded coming both ways. Just my luck to get caught in the middle of this nightmare, all things considered.”

“All things considered?” asked the clerk curiously.

“Have you not been listening to the radio?!” questioned the man disbelievingly.

“We don’t have one in here,” replied the clerk.  “Boss says it’s too distracting. It’s a joke if you ask me- barely anyone comes through this little one horse town as it is, let alone through this store.”

“Jesus…” muttered the man.  “There was a warning on the radio. Shylock Prison, a few miles away, they had a power outage. Something about the lightning storm. . . knocked out their security. It caused quite a bit of chaos. Apparently they had a few escaped prisoners.”

The clerk looked up alarmed. “Are they still on the loose?”

“I guess most of them have been recaptured but there is still one man unaccounted for the radio says. A very dangerous man, a serial killer. Goes by the name James Westle.”

“Oh no.” murmured the clerk looking alarmed. “anybody but James Westle.”

“You’ve heard of him?” asked the man.

“You must not be from around here,” replied the clerk. “ James Westle is notorious around these parts. Has a rap sheet a mile long, a psychopath, killed dozens of people. Most of them for no reason at all other than they got in his way. Some said he’d kill you just for looking at him wrong.”

The man shivered “Good god. And he’s somewhere around here. Just the thought that I could have run into him makes my skin crawl.”

“They only just caught him last year,” reported the clerk. “He’s been on death row ever since. Huh.  I guess until tonight.”

Outside lightning lit up the sky followed closely by rumbling thunder. The man dropped his damp newspaper in the garbage.

“What else do you know about him? This James Westle.”

“He’s a vicious man, would slice people’s throats with a utility knife. Rumor has it the only reason they caught him is because he stayed to watch the last man he killed bleed to death. Said he was laughing uncontrollably when the police took him away.”
The man eyed the door fearfully.  “Maybe we should lock the doors or something. I can’t imagine many people are going to be coming here in this weather.  Might as well keep ourselves safe.”

The clerk chuckled.  “Not to worry.  I’ve got all the protection I need right here.” The clerk reached under the counter and pulled out a small pistol. “Can’t be too safe these days. Besides, he couldn’t have made it far, not in this weather. Did the radio say what he looks like?”

“Yeah,” answered the man. “Middle aged, tall, brown eyes.”

“Pfft,” said the clerk halfheartedly. “That describes half this county. Did they say anything else about him, something distinguishable?”

“They said he has long scar across his back from some kind of accident he was in. Not like anyone is going to recognize that though, unless they take him to bed.”

They both laughed nervously.

	“My name is Bryan by the way,” said the man extending his hand.

	“Paul,” replied the clerk shaking Bryans hand and tapping the nametag that was pinned to his vest.

	“Nice to meet you Paul. Say, could you point me towards the bathroom by chance?”

	“Sure,” said Paul, “ but you’ll have to use the ladies. The men’s is backed up from the flooding. This damn storm is causing all kinds of problems.”

	Paul pointed towards the bathrooms on the far side of the store. When Bryan returned he said, “I’ll probably be here for awhile. I could probably have a look at that toilet for you. I used to do some plumbing in my younger days. Might be able to help you out.”

	“Thanks for the offer,” said Bryan, “but the boss won’t even let me try and fix anything. Something about insurance or some other kind of shit. Better just leave it till later.”

	Bryan nodded in agreement, “This boss of yours sounds like a real stickler. Too bad that serial killer didn’t come by when he was on shift. . . . Uh, sorry, bad joke.”

	“Oh he’s not all bad. This place is all he’s got. He just wants to make sure it’s taken care of.”

	Bryan smiled. “Well he’s lucky to have an employee who cares as much as you. Especially one who’s willing to work this late in this kind of weather.”

	All of the sudden the bell on the door rang and the door flew open again. A man in a trench coat and a baseball cap hurried in and almost ran to the back of the store. Paul and Bryan caught each other’s eyes. Bryan raised his eyebrows, glancing back at the man who had just walked in. The man walked back towards the counter and dropped a small utility knife in front of Paul. Bryan’s eyes grew wide as dinner plates.

	“8 dollars 98 cents,” said Paul to the man.

	The man dropped a ten on the counter and muttered, “keep the change” before rushing out the door.

	As soon as the door had closed again, Bryan turned back to look at Paul. “You don’t think…”

	“Think that was the serial killer? Ah, I don’t think so. If he just broke out of prison where did he get the money and clothes from? Its not like there are many people walking around right now. And if he did already kill someone and take their clothes, it stands to reason he already had some kind of weapon so what would be the point of coming in here and risking getting caught?”

	“That’s true,” said Bryan, “ I guess its easy for your mind to jump to conclusions when you’re scared.”

	“Well yeah,” said Paul. “I mean, for all I know you’re the serial killer and you’ve just been playing games with me this whole time. Seems just as likely.”

	Bryan laughed, more relaxed now. “Well they said the killer had a scar across his back. Would you like to see my back just so we’re all on the same page?”

	Paul laughed too. “No no, its fine. Besides, you were the one that told me about the scar in the first place. If you really were the killer you could have just made that up to put me at ease. Either way, I’m the one with the gun back here. I’m sure I’ll be fine.”

	Outside, the storm had begun to subside and a bit of moonlight was peaking through the clouds.

	Bryan looked out the window. “’Bout time the rain let up a bit. I best be on my way. It was nice meeting you Paul. Thanks for the company. The road should clear up pretty soon so I’ll just wait in my car.”

	Paul shrugged. “No problem, just make sure you lock your doors. Better safe than sorry.”

	“Thanks,” said Bryan. “I’ll be sure to.” Just as Bryan turned to leave he stopped, “You know, it’s been such a pleasure talking to you, I think I owe you a favor. Let me have a quick look at that men’s toilet for you and see if I can’t get it working before I leave.” As he started towards the bathroom he said. “I know your boss doesn’t like that kind of stuff, but I’m pretty good with this sort of thing. The least I could do is have a look.”

	“No, really, its no problem,” called Paul walking out from the behind the counter, following Bryan, “You really don’t need to go to the trouble.”

	“It’s no trouble,” replied Bryan turning the doorknob to the bathroom. “I’ve fixed these things plenty of ti..”

	Bryan’s voice trailed off. Lying on the floor of the bathroom was a pale white man covered in blood. His throat had been cut and his wallet was splayed out on the floor as if someone had gone through it. Credit cards and identification littered the floor. Bryan’s stomach dropped as he realized the truth.

	The killer leaned in close to Bryan’s ear and whispered, “I told you not to go in there.  All you had to do was leave.”

	In one quick motion he slit Bryans throat the same as he had done to the clerk lying on the bathroom floor. Bryan fell to his knees and his eyes fell the driver’s license of the dead man on the floor. It read Paul Williams.

	Outside the bathroom, the killer slammed the bathroom door closed. He looked down at his shirt and saw it was spattered with blood. He sighed and pulled off the vest and shirt revealing a long white scar across his back. After throwing the shirt in the garbage and grabbing another off a clothing rack in the corner of the store, he walked complacently back behind the counter and grabbed the mop he had been using earlier to clean the dead clerk’s blood off the floor. He once again began slowly mopping up the fresh blood outside the bathroom and squeezing it into the bucket.

title: [TH] The Darkness

question: What does the story say about the killer's victims?

answer: James Westle killed dozens of people, most for no reason other than that they got in his way. He was only caught because he stayed to watch the last man he killed bleed to death. At the end of the story, it is revealed that Westle killed the real store clerk. He then kills Bryan by slitting his throat.

question: What does the story say about how James Westle became a killer?

question: What does the story say about Paul?

answer: Paul is the name of the story clerk. He was murdered by James Westle, who went on to impersonate him.


text:
At Tuesday's confirmation hearing for Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, we saw evidence that Kavanaugh tucked tail and ran from a father of a Parkland shooting victim. As Kavanaugh was introduced by Republican senators, we heard Democratic senators make their objections loud and clear. And as protesters were bodily removed from the courtroom, it came out that Kavanaugh eats his pasta with ketchup on top. Will the horrors never end?

Senator Orrin Hatch had the floor during Tuesday's hearing, which he used to drool praise onto Kavanaugh's head and confirm a long-running theory about the nominee. "You are the sort of person many of us would like to have as a friend and colleague. You also apparently like to eat pasta with ketchup. But nobody is perfect," Hatch said. Isn't that just the _cutest_?

We first learned about Kavanaugh's culinary habits from an old law school acquaintance in July, who told the _Yale Daily News_ that back in the day, Kavanaugh was a "bland eater" who couldn't stomach anything spicier than a ragu and favored ketchup on his spaghetti. Leave it to Senate Republicans to attempt to humanize their guy with the saddest anecdote ever.

This is not the best reason to protest the confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court. The best reason is his frighteningly punitive record on women's reproductive rights, or his ability to protect the president from criminal investigation. But it's not _not_ a reason. And it's fucking gross.

Sarah Rense Sarah Rense is the Associate Lifestyle Editor at Esquire, where she covers tech, food, drink, home, and more.

This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io

question: Which Supreme Court nominee is the subject of this article?

answer: Brett Kavanaugh.

question: What were the senators teasing him about?

answer: His bland eating habits.

question: When did the public first learn of Kavanaugh's eating habits?

answer: In the Yale Daily News in July.

question: Why were protestors at his confirmation hearing?

answer: He has a frighteningly punitive record on women's reproductive rights, and could potentially protect Trump from criminal investigation.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: On Tuesday's confirmation for Supreme Court nominee Brett Cavanaugh, senators tossed around a joke about how he is known for his bland taste in food. The protestors there, however, were no doubt more concerned about his frighteningly punitive record on women's reproductive rights, and the fact that he could potentially protect then-US President Trump from criminal investigation.


text:
PART 99: What I want to protect

[]

…There's no reply.
But blood gushes out from her mouth as she tries to gasp.

"[]"
My vision turns red.
[]What was I doing?
I knew this was going to happen.
I knew Saber wouldn't be able to beat Gilgamesh, so why didn't I stop her or even use my Command Spell?

"But this is rather boring. A complete victory for me, huh!?
I am disappointed that you could not even offset my attack, Saber. Oh, I see. I should have taken it easier on you. After all, I am fighting women and children!"
His irritating laugh.
The responsibility is mine.

…I thought she could win.
No matter how bad it felt, I thought Saber's Excalibur would be able to beat him.
That's why even though I told her to stop, my Command Spell didn't react.

[]I wasn't serious.
If I really wanted to protect Saber, I could have made her run away using my Command Spell[]and there would have been infinite ways for me to fight by myself.

"Well then. Let me have you now. You are dirtied, but you would have eventually ended up the same way. It is no problem that you are hurt now."

[]

She must have noticed that, as Saber faintly opens her eyes.

"…! Saber, are you all right…!?"
I can see her breathing, but I can't touch her even if I reach out.
My body still won't move and I can't even run to her.
So I can only call out to her.

"Saber…! Saber, Saber…!"
"…Ah…"

Saber's mouth opens.
She breathes in as if asking for help, and coughs as if even that is painful.

[]

[]

[]

[]

She raises a faint voice, telling me she cannot see me.

"[]Hold on. I'll[]"
I can't say I'll help her.
I'm on the ground too, and I can only move my arms.
I can only call out to her and encourage her.
…She can't even see me in this ugly state?

[]

She speaks in a soft voice and looks at me with no light in her eyes.
"[]I am sorry… please run away, Master…"
She says something absurd while coughing up blood.

[]

_Video: Gram_ (mirror)

[]

A firing hammer goes down.
I take the switch to turn myself into a magus and smash it on with a hammer instead of my finger.

_MUSIC: CHURCH ON THE HILL_

[]

So what?
She's more important than that. If I can't protect her, I don't need my body.
She has helped me many times.
There never has been anyone I cared so much about.
So.
If I can't protect her, Emiya Shirou can just die here[]!

[]

…I can hear sounds of metal.
Metallic magical energy reinforces all the bones in my body and all the broken parts of my body.

[]

I'll give it everything I have.
I'll put it in the highest gear in the highest rotation from the start, and ignoring my limits, I'll create as much magical energy as possible…!

"[]Gih."
My spine catches fire and my whole body grows red hot.
I bite my tongue to bear the feeling of my brain melting.
I bite down on the pink flesh.
If I can keep my consciousness just by making a hole in my tongue, there's no problem.

"[]What?"
The footsteps stop.
His laughter stops as well.

"What[]Shirou…?
W-What are you doing…!? If you do that, your body will…!"
She must feel it even though she can't see.
Saber screams, trying to get back up.

[]That makes my last powers turn on.
I stand back up.
The body that wouldn't obey me starts to move because of the magical energy poured in past its limits.
This is like setting my body on fire to make it run towards water.

But I don't care.
It's better than watching Saber get hurt.

[]

…That's right.
I finally realize, with a mind that's about to burn away.
From the beginning.
I swore to hold the sword because I didn't want to see her hurt.

[]

[]

I cannot even take one step backwards.

"Trace, on."
…I hold down my brain which is rolling around on fire and manage my mind.
I am imaging only one thing.
I'll divide the projection into eight sections to create the lost sword[]

[]

I feel something hard in my left hand.

_It's a common occurence._

…I don't even need to look to check.
The second manufacture of the sword proved successful without slowing down even once.

"My… sword[]n-no, that is still not enough. You must know you cannot beat him with that…!
If you can move, please run away[]"

"I won't. I came to pick you up, so I can't run home by myself."
I ready my sword.
I hold the sword, heavier than a shinai, and glare at the enemy.

"[]Stop, Shirou. This man is[]"
I shake off Saber's words and step forward.

…There're four meters between us.
If I step forward with all my might, I'll be able to attack him.

[]

The enemy doesn't move.
Gilgamesh watches me for a second, then laughs.
"[]I guess I'll kill you."
He says in an emotionless voice.

[]

I instantly block the attack swung at me[]!

[]

"[]! You[]!"
I sway my body to the side to avoid the attack.

[]

[]

[]

"[]!!"
But I'm not fast enough.
If the first attack was a sudden gust, the next barrage of attacks is a raging wind.
"Ha[]kuh, guh…!"
Parrying is all I can do.
No, I wouldn't even have been able to block the first attack by myself.

[]

So the sword reacts to his attacks before my hands do.
I swing to follow the sword, and as a result, I can block his attacks.

[]

[]

"[]Lowlife. You are worse than unsightly."
He must dislike even the slight resistance.
He glares at me in anger and retreats a bit.

"Ah… haa, haa, ha[]"
…Thank God.
If he had kept attacking me, I would not have lasted more than a few seconds.
I take a deep breath and try to control my breathing.
[]And then.

[]

He takes out a sword.

[]

"Wha[]"
That… is a familiar sword.
The ornamentation on it is different.
But its true nature, the idea of its creation, and its soul are too close to those of this sword[]

"It can't be[]this sword's model…"

"It is. But its strength as a Noble Phantasm is incomparable.
What you have, 'the sword in the stone', originated from the legend of 'the sword of supremacy in the tree' from Northern Europe[]But this is the original model, the foundation of the sacred right to select the king."

The sword of supremacy in the tree[]Gram, the demonic sword of Sigmund, hero of northern Europe[]its original model…?

[]

The sword understands better than anything that this is the same attack that terminated Berserker in one slash.

[]

[]

"[]!"
It must be protecting its owner.
The sword in my hand goes for the enemy's sword with its utmost power.
The name of the Noble Phantasm is Caliburn (Golden Sword of Assured Victory). But…

…It is destroyed without a trace by the sword called Merodach.

_Music: Stop_

[]

I hear something sliding on the ground.
Sliding.
Is the ground of the park slippery because it's level?
I slide across the ground and finally come to a stop.

"Shirou[]Shirou, Shirou…!!!!"
That voice makes me realize I'm still alive.

"Oh. Saber, you're pretty near me."
Thinking so, I'm relieved.
It felt like I was blown away, but it's fine if Saber's nearby.
So all I have to do is get up and I can run to Saber[]

[]

"Do not move…! Please, please do not move, Shirou…!"
…I can hear Saber's voice.
It seems my body has been injured.

That attack.
I'm sure I was blown away by Gilgamesh's sword.
So the wound must be[]oh, I see.
Now I understand why Saber is acting like that.

[]

"[]Ha."
I can't even breathe.
Diagonally down from my left shoulder.
As my body is cut from the shoulder down, it's separated like lego pieces that don't fit together.

It looks like a ginkgo leaf.
I've been cut from my shoulder down to my waist.
It's strange that I'm alive.

…But that miracle should soon run out.
I'm barely conscious right now, and my vision narrows by the second.
First of all, my insides will fall out if I move.
Maybe I'm already dead and my mind is lingering like a ghost.

[]

He laughs.
[]Honestly, I'm thankful.
The more irritating he is, the more my mind stays conscious.

"But that is all. A lion doesn't suit you. I will take that woman."
Footsteps.
The sound of him walking to obtain Saber for sure this time.

[]

_Geez, I dunno guys. This is a tough one…_

[]

"Der Ring des Nibelungen", composed later in Middle Ages Germany, is the story of a knight equal to the legend of King Arthur, and the sword Gram changes its name and appears in it as Balmung. As the "strongest demonic sword" equaling the "strongest holy sword", it even possesses the special characteristic of "dragon slayer".

question: Describe the relationship between Saber and the narrator.

answer: The narrator seems to be some sort of protector for Saber.

question: Who is Gilgamesh in relation to the narrator?

answer: Gilgamesh seems to have attacked Saber. Gilgamesh fights and defeats the narrator .


text:
_THE KILLING FLOOR_ is a 1984 American award-winning made-for-television drama film directed by Bill Duke which highlights the plights of workers fighting to build an interracial labor union in the meatpacking industry in the years leading up to the Chicago race riot of 1919. The film debuted on PBS via the _American Playhouse_ series on April 10, 1984 and was produced by Public Forum Productions, an independent company founded by the film's writer Elsa Rassbach. The teleplay was later adapted by Leslie Lee.[1]

Plot

Based on real individuals and actual events, the film focuses on two poor black sharecroppers who leave Mississippi for the Chicago stockyards to seek out employment opportunities vacated by soldiers who had departed for World War I. Frank Custer (played by Damien Leake) and Thomas Joshua (Ernest Rayford) eventually secure jobs working in the infamous meatpacking industry, where they are forced to confront racism, labor disputes, layoffs, and union organizing.

Custer, the film’s main protagonist, is eventually persuaded by his fellow workers to join the Amalgamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America Union, pitting him against a variety of forces, including his non-union black co-workers, as well as the Polish, Irish, Lithuanian, and Germans also living and working in the area.

The film focuses on many individuals who were responsible for leading the charge to build strong, interracial labor unions in the 1930s.[2]

Cast

Aside from Leake & Rayford, the film also stars Alfre Woodard (playing the role of Custer's wife), Moses Gunn (as an anti-union antagonist), and Clarence Felder (as a union leader). Well-known Chicago actors Dennis Farina (as a killing floor supervisor) and John Mahoney (as a meatpacking company representative) have minor roles in the film.[3]

Production

Rassbach did extensive research on Chicago's history while writing the story, and hired Lee to draft a manuscript.[4] The total budget for the film was $1.2 million, and funding was culled from a variety of unorthodox sources. Given the film's focus on Chicago's labor history, Rassbach approached more than three dozen unions for support, eliciting donations ranging from $1,000 to $300,000. The film's end credits include a long list of guilds and locals who contributed.[5]

Filmed in Chicago, the production was made at a challenging time for unions, after Ronald Regan had fired over 11,000 striking members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization in 1981. Conversely, Chicago had recently elected their first African American mayor, Harold Washington, whose campaign helped recruit numerous black extras to appear in the film. In addition, the local Teamsters were said to believe in the film's objective, and worked for half-pay during production.[6]

Reception

The film was an official selection for the Cannes Film Festival in 1985, and winner of the Sundance Film Festival's Special Jury Prize in that same year.[7][8]

Release information

Originally, the film was set to be the initial production for a PBS series of ten historical docu-dramas exploring the little-known history of American workers. Rassbach developed the project together with a cohort of historians and screenwriters, though _The Killing Floor_ was the only film ever made in the series.[9] To recognize the 100th anniversary of the Chicago race riots in 2019, the film underwent 4K DCP digital restoration by the University of California-Los Angeles Film & Television Archive.[10][11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]  The Capital|website=madison.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-28}}

[7]

[8]

[9]  The Capital|website=madison.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-28}}

[10]  Gene Siskel Film Center|website=www.siskelfilmcenter.org|access-date=2020-02-28}}

[11]  UCLA Film & Television Archive|website=www.cinema.ucla.edu|access-date=2020-02-28}}

title: The Killing Floor (1984 film)

question: Summarize the plot.

answer: The film is about two poor black sharecroppers who leave Mississippi to go to the Chicago stockyards to seek employment vacated by soldiers who had left for World War I. They start working in the meatpacking industry, where they are forced to confront racism, layoffs, and union organizing. Eventually, the protagonist, Custer, joins the Amalgamated Meat Cutters & Butcher Workmen of North America Union, where he faces a variety of forces.

question: How was Custer persuaded to join the Union?

question: How was the film received?

answer: The film was selected for the Cannes Film Festival in 1985 and also won the Sundance Film Festival's Special Jury Prize the same year.

question: Summarize the production of the movie.

answer: After extensive research on Chicago's history, Rassbach hired Lee to draft a manuscript. About three dozen unions supported the film by providing donations ranging from $1,000 to $300,000. The city had recently elected their first African-American mayor whose campaign helped them recruit a number of black extras. Besides this, the local Teamsters believed in the movie's objective and worked for half-pay during the production.


text:
Dr. Francis was waiting for his 9 o'clock patient. The doctor was sitting at his desk, scribbling down some notes with his illegible doctor calligraphy on a scrap piece of paper. He let his hand take total control, swiftly moving up and down across the white sheet of paper. His mind was somewhere else. He was thinking about something. He had been thinking about it all day. Since he opened his eyes. Since his brain had fully activated itself. While he was having breakfast. While he was drinking his daily glass of O.J. While he was reading the newspaper on his precious eReader. While he smoked a cigarette on his petite balcony, puffing away in the cold winter air. The entire morning, he had been thinking of the previous day. The previous dinner, to be specific. Which happened about 10 hours earlier.

Dr. Francis heard a knock at his door.
"Come in" he said, with a tone which was about to fall off the edge of politeness.
A short little man with tiny squinty eyes entered the room. Armed with a gigantic smile and a blatantly recognizable toupee', he said "Hello, sir! What a pleasure to see you on this fine day!"
"Yes..." replied Dr. Francis, trying to sound a tad less sad and gloomy than he actually was, "a fine day indeed".
While the pig-man jabbered on about his tooth aches and his head aches and his back aches, Dr. Francis nodded seemingly apprehensively, while playing, pausing, rewinding what he had been playing, pausing, rewinding for the entire morning.

He ate at Le Chateau Imperial. Last night of course. He didn't eat alone. He had company. Somebody very special. Not Darren, no. His one and only son, Darren, was far too busy to go out for dinner with his father, his biological father. He had serious business to take care of, which required most of his time, strength and energy.

"So what should I do?" asked the pig-man, desperately trying to un-squint his eyes, as if the doctor's next words could only be seen and not heard.
Silence ate up the room, for a a couple of terrible, terrible seconds.
"Sir? Siiiir?"
Dr. Francis snapped back to reality. He paused the Blu-ray he was playing in his head. He left it there, in his HD DVD/Blu-Ray player which he had bought only a few months ago. Which Claire had begged for. Which was now stacking up dust, under his majestic LCD Television set.
"Yes, of course." said Dr. Francis, showing his patient that he had been paying attention, and that he was about to grant the pig-man with a delightful solution to his problems. He told him to sleep more, to go out for walks (in this cold winter weather? What were you thinking Dr. Francis?), to have decent meals, to avoid junk food, and to take painkillers if the pain didn't subside.

"Thank you sir, I very much appreciate it." said the squinting pig-man, cupping his hands together, humbly expressing his gratitude, like a plebeian at the feet of his lord.

Claire looked amazing last night. She wore a black dress, which Mr. Francis had carefully picked and bought for her previous birthday. It was sophisticated, yet it underlined Claire's natural curves, making her stand out in Le Chateau Imperial. She captured every male eye in the dining room, enveloping them in the black bliss which covered her voluptuous body. She gracefully walked towards Mr. Francis, her ex-husband, who immediately stood up as soon as she approached the table.

The pig-man stood up as well, thanked the doctor again, and shook his strong firm hand. The rat-man walked out of the office, while jollily shouting: "See you next time sir, have a good one!"
Dr. Francis was finally alone. Alone with his thoughts. Alone with his paused Blu-ray. He let it play one more time.

He helped her sit down, like a true gentleman, fooling all the other men in the room into believing that she was his personal trophy-wife. Or trophy girlfriend. That he was the one that could pass his hands over her silky caramel skin. Only him. Nobody else.

"Hey honey!" shouted Melissa.
"Honeeeeey!"
"What do you want?" shouted back Dr. Francis, slightly irritated by the abrupt interruption.
"Do you want a coffee? Or maaaybe a cappuccinoooo?" shouted Melissa with her benign but rather fastidious high rising terminal.
Dr. Francis pictured her sitting on her leather chair, behind the counter of the reception, slightly leaning towards his door. She was very young, much younger than him. She was in her early twenties, full of life and libido, full of the desire to live, do things, go places.
"I'll have a coffee, thanks. Black!" shouted Dr. Francis, picturing Melissa's looong red hair, and her looong soft legs, sitting there, only a few meters away from him. Only a white glass door with a light brown border separated them.

"Oookay sweetie!" happily answered the girl, probably smiling at him behind that door, with her big warm smile inhabited by a perfect set of candid precious jewels.
Only a few meters and the door separated them now.
Only a few centimeters of air separated them 5 weeks ago.
Only a few centimeters.

They were lying on her bed.
Naked.
Breathing softly.
Both staring at the ceiling.
Not really looking at it, but just letting their eyes rest in one spot.

Melissa opened the door and walked into Dr. Francis' office.
She handed the cup of coffee to the doctor and said "Here you go, Dr. Francis" winking while pronouncing the sibilant "s" of Francisss.
He thanked her with a smile, and romantically shooed her away.
"Damn, she's gorgeous" he thought, while his personal secretary walked out of his office, gently shaking her cunning caboose from side to side, the sexiest and most hypnotizing pendulum you'll ever see.

The Blu-ray un-paused.

It was a different scene.
It wasn't in the restaurant.
Not in Le Chateau Imperial.
Oh no.
It was in his office.
On the patient's bed. The type of bed with a large roll of Scottex at the top of it, so that each patient gets a personal and exclusive strip of Scottex. So that they don't end up sitting or touching where some other filthy patient sat or placed his body parts upon.
She was on the bed.
The Scottex was all crunched up.
Her soft derriere was on the dark blue leather of the bed. The leather was cold. Smooth, but cold.
He was standing in front of her.
Her legs were on his shoulders.
He was holding them.
Holding her thighs.
Her marble thighs.
His pants were down to his feet, clumsily resting on his polished Cesare Paciottis.
His shirt was on the ground, lying there where he threw it, looking at him with a scrumpled look.
She wasn't wearing much.
Her black skirt was somewhere on the cold floor.
Her white shirt was half open, stuck to her sweaty skin, revealing her black lace bra.
It seems as if she was trying to hold up the wall behind her with her hands.
It seems as if she was having quite some fun.
Dr. Francis was too.
She was moaning. Looking at the handsome doctor dead in the eyes. Biting her lower lip.
His eyes were locked into hers. She lured them in, locked them in, and threw away the key.
He didn't know what it was exactly, but he couldn't stop looking at her. He couldn't stop admiring her beauty. Her long hair. Her emerald eyes. Her...

He was looking out the window for quite a while now. Not really looking at anything in particular. Just resting his eyes out there, in the concrete jungle.
He glanced down at his agenda, the one Claire had bought him only a few a months ago. The one with his initials inscribed into it, on the back cover, in small, classy, golden letters.
M.F.

He scribbled down some notes, and checked when his next patient would arrive.
He had some time before his next appointment, so he got up, walked to the sink, had a glass of fresh tap water, and sat back down at his desk. He moved mechanically, like a robot. As if someone had switched the autopilot lever inside his brain.

His thoughts wandered off again, while his eyes were fixed outside, in the frozen gray jungle. He didn't know which Blu-ray to play anymore. It's as if the memories were fighting each other, trying to defeat one other, and take the highest spot on the doctor's mental podium.

Last night, his mind was free. When he saw her, with her beautiful black dress, his only thought was: "Damn, I'm a fucking idiot."
He wasn't sad. He was just happy to finally see her. Even though she would probably never come back into his life. Even though he wanted her to bits. Even though she had probably moved on, found some rich guy or a random douche bag, he was happy.
She seemed happy. Or maybe it was because of all the make-up, covering up her underlying facial expressions. He didn't care too much.
He was simply mesmerized by her presence.

They said Hi to each other, had some small talk, you know, how are you? How have you been? How's your job? You got a promotion? Really? Wow that's amazing! Yeah I've been pretty good myself. Darren? Oh he's great... Are you gonna come pick him up on Friday? Okay, perfect. Just make sure he brushes his teeth. And does his homework. And doesn't eat cyanide. Or any type of poison. So yeah...

Mark paused the memory. He left it hanging there, in mid air.

A knock on the door.
"Come in" said Mark, suddenly making himself look busy, quickly throwing the remote of the Blu-Ray player in the corner of the room.

"Hey, uhmmm" said Melissa, holding a pen between her luscious lips.
"Your next patient is here, should I let her in?"
"Who is it? I'm sorry, I just looked at it but I can't remember." answered Mark, raising his hands outwards, palms down, as if trying justify his momentary amnesia with that simple gesture.
"It's Mrs Sheerer." said Melissa, cutely frowning at her boss.
Dr. Francis rubbed his hands and exclaimed "Mrs. Sheerer! Of course! Well send her in."

He looked at his wristwatch.
10:30.
"Jesus Christ" he thought. "Why does time have to go by so goddamn slowly?"
"Why hellooo Mrs Sheerer!" shouted the doctor, "How are we feeling today?!?"
A fragile little lady had walked into the room; she looked as if the wind could take her away, rise her up into the sky, and move her around like a crunchy brown leaf.
"Excuse me, Dr. Francis, I didn't quite catch what you said." Humbly answered the shaky old lady. Her ears hadn't been working very well for the past 2 years.
"What I said was, HOW ARE WE FEELING TODAY?" shouted the doctor, not mad, not irritated, but with the patience of an American suburb high school substitute.

"Oooh I'm okay my dear." replied the golden girl, holding her dark red leather purse in her hands, scared a ghost would snatch it and vanish in thin air.

"My hearing device hasn't been working very well lately..."
"Could you give it a look please?" shakily said Mrs Sheerer.
"Of coourse I can" answered the doctor, extending his hand so that his ancient patient could hand him her audio-enhancing device.
"Let's see..." he said, observing, analyzing, detecting any flaws in the small miraculous apparatus.

"So how are you my dear? How's Claire? Is she at home taking care of Darren?"

Dr. Francis kept his gaze on the device and said "Claire isss uuhhh..."
A brief pause followed, disguised as distraction.
"She's fine. Darren's probably in school by now."

"You know" said the doctor, lifting his gaze up from the device, placing it out of the window, where it always found a comfy place to rest.
"Life is pretty strange sometimes.You share your life with a person, for years and years.
You share amazing experiences, you bond, you start relying on each other, needing each other. You live together. You do everything together. Or almost everything.
And then, something happens. Either you fuck up, or they fuck up. We're only human in the end right? But that one thing can shatter whatever you had built till that moment. Everything you lived for is gone. Finito. Caput. It's incredible isn't it?"

Dr. Francis paused for a moment, pondering on what had just spilled out of his mouth. Like a dirty vicious secret, which is meant to stay deep inside us, lingering beneath the surface.

"I mean sure, sometimes you keep in touch. You see each other every now and then, to catch up and what not. But sometimes you're just erased. For the other person, you don't really exist anymore. Not physically. Maybe mentally, as a distant memory. Waving at you, moving further and further away, while the volume of the sad melancholy music gradually rises."

Mrs. Sheerer was fidgeting with her thumbs, looking at them like a wise ancient ape.
She looked up at the doctor and said: "Sorry did you say something dear?"
Dr. Francis snapped back to reality once again. He had let the Special Features play. You know, the version of the movie with the audio commentary?
"NOTHING, MRS SHEERER, I WAS JUST THINKING OUT LOUD!" shouted the doctor, cupping his hands around his mouth to make sure the old lady would hear him. Not sad, not irritated, quite happy actually. The Golden Girl's precious smile, her glazy eyes filled with cataracts, which had seen who knows how many things and bewitched who knows how many laddies; they bewitched the doctor as well. He couldn't be mad at the poor old lady for not having heard of word of his heart-breaking rant.

He handed the hearing device to her, waited for her to put it in its place and said with a smile: "They should work perfectly now, Mrs Sheerer."

"Thank you darling." replied the ancient patient.
"Oh and, the best of luck to you and Claire!" she added, with a warm wrinkly smile.

The doctor chuckled like a teen hitting puberty and said: "Yeah... Thanks."

title: Dr. Francis

question: What does the Blu Ray machine represent in the story

answer: The imaginary Blu Ray is the mental device that the doctor uses to set his imagination free. He switches it on and off between real-life interactions with an imaginary remote. When he has to join the real world he tosses the remote into the corner of his mind.

question: Is Doctor Francis a good doctor?

answer: It seems that this is not a very good doctor. He pays little attention to what the patients tell him as he is constantly daydreaming. He can't wait for the patients to go. Though he does have a kind and patient side.

question: What regrets has the doctor been dwelling on all day?

answer: He saw his ex-wife looking stunning the previous night. He deeply regrets having let her go. He explains to his deaf patient that they always did everything together until he messed it up.


text:
-   Clinical Investigation
-   Published: 05 July 2013

-   Jong-Suk Song
    ¹,
-   Soh-Eun Ahn¹,
-   Su-Yeon Kang¹,
-   Young-Woo Suh¹,
-   Jaeryung Oh¹,
-   Seung-Hyun Kim¹ &
-   Hyo Myung Kim¹

_Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology_ VOLUME 57, pages486–492(2013)Cite this article

-   487 Accesses

-   5 Citations

-   Metrics details

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of interpupillary distance (IPD) on stereoacuity using 2 kinds of stereoacuity tests in a normal population.

Methods

The distance stereoacuities of 33 healthy volunteers with no evidence of ocular diseases were measured with the Frisby Davis distance (FD2) stereotest and a 3-dimensional monitor-based distance stereotest (distance 3-D stereotest). These 2 kinds of stereotests were repeated using horizontal periscopes to increase the IPD 2- and 3-fold in order to investigate the effect of IPD increase on stereoacuity.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 28.5 years (range 20–41 years). The mean logarithms of the individual minimum angle of stereodiscrimination (logMAS) were 1.04 ± 0.23 (range 0.70–1.48 logMAS) with the FD2 stereotest and 1.52 ± 0.19 (range 1.00–1.85 logMAS) with the distance 3-D stereotest. As the IPD increased 2- and 3-fold, the logMAS measured with the FD2 stereotest improved from 1.04 to 0.98 and 0.91 (_P_ = 0.061 and _P_ = 0.003), respectively, and those measured with the distance 3-D stereotest worsened from 1.52 to 1.73 and 1.85 (_P_ < 0.001 and _P_ < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Changes in IPD measured with the FD2 stereotest exhibited opposite effects to those measured with the distance 3-D stereotest. This reflects what is known to happen in the real world, i.e., that stereoacuity improves as IPD increases.

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question: What does the article say about the results and conclusions of the clinical investigation?

answer: It is found that the mean logarithms of the individual minimum angle of stereodiscrimination were 1.04 ± 0.23 with the FD2 stereotest and 1.52 ± 0.19 with the distance 3-D stereotest. As the IPD increased 2- and 3-fold, the logMAS measured with the FD2 stereotest improved from 1.04 to 0.98 and 0.91, respectively, and those measured with the distance 3-D stereotest worsened from 1.52 to 1.73 and 1.85, respectively. It is concluded that changes in IPD measured with the FD2 stereotest exhibited opposite effects to those measured with the distance 3-D stereotest. This reflects that stereoacuity improves as IPD increases.

question: What does the article say about contact lenses?


text:
Demonstrators, some dressed as robots, campaign for the basic income in Zurich Keystone

As anxiety grows about technological disruption, the idea of a guaranteed basic income is being embraced by union leaders, libertarians and Silicon Valley executives. Is this the future of welfare?

This content was published on May 27, 2016 - 10:54
Switzerland’s traditionally conservative electorate will next month vote on the superficially preposterous idea of handing out an unconditional basic income of SFr30,000 ($30,275) a year to every citizen, regardless of work, wealth or their social contribution.

Opinion polls suggest the June 5 referendum will be heavily defeated. And even if some kind of electoral convulsion results in the proposal being unexpectedly approved by voters, it is certain to be shot down by the 26 cantons that would have to implement it.

But the fact that one of the world’s most prosperous countries is holding such a vote highlights how a centuries-old dream of radical thinkers is seeping into the political mainstream. In countries as diverse as Brazil, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands and India, local and national governments are experimenting with the idea of introducing some form of basic income as they struggle to overhaul inefficient welfare states and manage the social disruption caused by technological change.

Daniel Häni, a chirpy Basel entrepreneurwho is one of the Swiss initiative’s main supporters, said modern welfare states provide basic social support but are failing to adapt to the needs and values of our times. The trouble is that they are too costly and cumbersome, assume that a citizen’s worth is determined solely by their value as an employee and rely on means testing by an overly intrusive state.

“Our social system is 150 years old and is based on Bismarck’s response to Industrialisation 1.0,” he said. “Our idea is simple. We want to render the conditional unconditional. UBI is about shifting power back to the citizen.”

Support for citizens

The idea of providing money for nothing to all citizens dates back centuries and was nurtured by a radical cult before resurfacing in recent times. In the 20th century it was championed by thinkers on the left, such as John Kenneth Galbraith and Martin Luther King, as a means of promoting social justice and equal opportunity. But it was also backed by some libertarians and economists on the right, including Milton Friedman, as a way of restricting the coercive state and restoring individual choice and freedom.

Incredible as it seems today, President Richard Nixon came very close to implementing a negative income tax (a variant of basic income) across the US in 1970. Nixon’s initiative, part of his Family Assistance Plan, was strongly backed by the House of Representatives but failed in the Senate, where some Democrats considered it unambitious, and several Republicans considered it too bold.

Interest in the idea has surged in recent years largely thanks to the technological revolution, which is convulsing labour markets worldwide. The decoupling in many countries of median household income growth from expansion in gross domestic product has created a sense of middle class crisis, fuelling anger over inequality and the rise of populism in the US and Europe. Whether it is because of a sense of guilt at the upheavals they are causing in society or simply a celebration of innovative thinking, some Silicon Valley entrepreneurs have taken to the idea of a universal basic income, describing it as a “digital dividend”.

At a conference in Zurich this month on technological disruption and social change, a succession of speakers from the US warned about further turmoil in the jobs market resulting from the automation of routine tasks, the application of machine learning and the rise of robots.

Citing just one of many examples, Andy Stern, the former president of the Service Employees International Union, said the introduction of self-driving trucks and cars would eliminate millions of jobs. At present, there are about 3.5m truck drivers in the US, forming the largest job category in 29 states. “There is the potential for the greatest disruption of jobs in the history of the world,” said Mr Stern, author of Raising the Floor, a forthcoming book advocating UBI as a partial solution.

Erik Brynjolfsson, an MIT professor and co-author of The Second Machine Age, said a convulsive “tech surge” was under way that was rapidly turning the promise of science fiction into a reality. But he insisted that technology remained the tool of humans and could be an enormous benefit so long as it was properly managed. With robots doing most of the work, he painted a picture of a “digital Athens” in which people had time to focus on sport and the arts.

He also warned of the potential for enormous upheaval if societies did not anticipate these challenges and adequately respond to them. “I can see revolution and violence and the failure of a lot of big companies. Our economy and political system has not adapted to this new world at all and we need to get out in front of it,” he said.

Robert Reich, a former Labour secretary in the Clinton administration who teaches at University of California, Berkeley, said the digital revolution was increasing economic insecurity and inequality. The development of car-hailing apps, such as Uber and Lyft, had brought great convenience for consumers but was also creating a “spot auction market” for labour.

This insecurity was fuelling too a crisis of aggregate demand in the economy, he said, adding that recently he had been visited by the boss of a tech group worried about who would have enough money to buy his company’s products in 10-15 years.

Cost-benefit analysis

A more equal division of the fruits of the technological revolution would revive that demand while providing a broader social good. The aim of all rich societies, Mr Reich said, should be to provide a basic level of subsistence, enabling people to do more of what they wanted and less of what they did not want to do. For all these reasons, he said: “I think that UBI is inevitable.”

Even if many experts agree about the scale and intensity of the technological and economic challenge, they remain divided about the appropriate social and political response. There is still less consensus about how it could be implemented and funded.

The resistance to the idea of introducing UBI in Switzerland - a recent GFS poll found 71 per cent of respondents were inclined to reject it - is instructive. It is far from obvious that the Swiss social model is broken and in need of repair. Switzerland remains one of the richest and most productive economies in the world. Its much-praised apprenticeship system generates a steady stream of well-trained employees and provides opportunities for all. Its unemployment rate is just 3.6 per cent.

Vania Alleva, a Swiss trade union leader, said it is worth debating the possible benefits of UBI and the principles of a just society but she does not see the need for such radical change. “We are critical of UBI. We have a social system in Switzerland that works,” she says.

Labour leaders elsewhere remain equally wary of introducing UBI, fearing it might only be used by rightwing politicians to shred the existing welfare state. By setting the rate too low and withdrawing other welfare benefits, it could end up hurting the very people it was designed to help most. As one participant in the Zurich conference put it, there was a danger of “fattening the frogs to feed the snakes”.

Many executives are also lukewarm about the idea, objecting to the delinkage of economic reward and effort. It is notable that support for UBI is lowest in the predominantly German-speaking cantons of Switzerland where the work ethic is particularly strong.

Ulrich Spiesshofer, chief executive of the engineering company ABB, says: “There has to be a basic level of social provision for people in need but beyond that, economic rewards should be based on actually creating economic value.”

Picking up the bill

The government estimates full implementation of UBI would cost SFr208bn, about three times current annual federal spending of about SFr67bn. Even then, it would not replace all existing social services, such as healthcare for the elderly.

Alain Berset, a Social Democrat member of the Swiss cabinet, has described the UBI initiative as “utopian”, saying it would require significant extra funding of at least SFr25bn.

“The unconditional basic income would be a risky experiment. It’s not clear how this basic income would be designed by parliament or how it would be financed. The precise implications are unknown,” he said in an interview.

Supporters of UBI accept many of these criticisms and are launching pilot projects to help answer the objections. One of the most interesting initiatives is in Finland and basic income will be rolled out on a national scale if the experiment proves effective.

The centre-right government will this year begin making tax-free monthly payments of about €550 to a random sample of 10,000 adults of working age as part of a two-year experiment. The intention is to see what effect a basic income has on work incentives and life choices and how it interacts with the existing welfare model. The city of Utrecht, and 19 other municipalities across the Netherlands, are conducting similar experiments.

Matthew Taylor is chief executive of the RSA, a British institution that looks for practical solutions to social challenges, that recently published a
study on the viability of UBI. He said societies will need to become a lot more innovative in the face of the latest technological revolution. In particular, far more flexible ways will have to be found to support part-time workers or those who wish to retrain or look after their children or elderly parents.

“What excites me about UBI is that it could act as a catalyst for a broader shift in public attitudes,” he said. “I think that UBI can potentially help overcome the attitudes that we have between strivers and skivers. It can help the state enable people to have autonomous lives.”

While acknowledging the near- certainty of defeat in the coming referendum, the Swiss backers of UBI believe that their campaign signals the beginning of a global debate on basic income, rather than its end. It may be premature to introduce UBI today but its appeal will grow as societies learn to prize creativity over productivity.

Mr Häni said that, irrespective of the result, he is delighted that every Swiss newspaper has been furiously discussing the principles of a basic income. He said the Swiss debate is like a movie trailer for the main event and “trailers always end with the phrase: coming soon . . . ”

Back to basics: An idea long in the making

The Basic Income Earth Network, which links campaigners around the world, traces the original concept of basic income back to Thomas More (above), the 15th-century humanist scholar and author of Utopia, who wrote about the need for a minimum income.

But BIEN suggests that the true father of the idea of a guaranteed minimum income was Johannes Ludovicus Vives, a Spanish-born humanist and close friend of More.

After fleeing the Spanish inquisition, Vives moved to Bruges, where he wrote tracts in support of the poor. “Even those who have dissipated their fortunes in dissolute living - through gaming, harlots, excessive luxury, gluttony and gambling - should be given food, for no one should die of hunger,” he wrote.

The idea was developed by the 18th-century radical Thomas Paine (above), who argued that every person should receive £15 on their 21st birthday and £10 a year thereafter to be paid out of “ground rent”.

John Stuart Mill, the 19th century utilitarian philosopher, wrote sympathetically about the idea of a basic income in his Principles of Political Economy, although he did not develop the concept.

The Nobel Prize-winning economist James Meade argued for a “social dividend” in the 1930s as a means of alleviating poverty and creating a just and efficient economy. In 1962 the American economist and Nobel laureate Milton Friedman (right) argued for a radical simplification of the welfare state and introduction of a “negative income tax”.

Jay Hammond, the Republican governor of Alaska, created the Alaska Permanent Fund in 1976 to distribute some of the proceeds of the state’s oil wealth to all its residents. Every Alaskan still receives a dividend of about $2,000 a year in what is arguably the only full universal basic income system in operation. The poverty and inequality levels in Alaska are among the lowest in the US.

Speed read

Growing insecurity - UBI’s proponents say a more equal division of the gains made by technology would lift demand

Productive economy - Although Swiss will vote on a UBI, many insist that the country’s social model works well

Tests in Europe - Finland is running a pilot scheme; Utrecht and other Dutch municipalities are holding similar trials

End of insertion

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2016

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question: What does the article say about the future of welfare?

answer: Demonstrators campaign for the guaranteed basic income in Switzerland. The idea is being embraced by union leaders, libertarians, and Silicon Valley executives. An unconditional basic income of SFr30,000 ($30,275) a year to every citizen, regardless of work, wealth, or social contribution. Switzerland’s electorate will vote on the idea.

question: Summarize the history of the idea of a guaranteed basic income.

answer: Thomas More and Vives wrote about the need for a minimum income. The idea was developed by the 18th-century radical Thomas Paine, who argued that every person should receive £15 on their 21st birthday and £10 a year thereafter to be paid out of “ground rent”. John Stuart Mill wrote sympathetically about the idea, although he did not develop the concept. James Meade argued for a “social dividend” in the 1930s as a means of alleviating poverty and creating a just and efficient economy. In the 20th century, it was championed by leftist John Kenneth Galbraith and Martin Luther King, and some libertarians and economists on the right, including Milton Friedman. President Nixon came very close to implementing a variant of basic income across the US in 1970 but the initiative failed in the Senate. In Brazil, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, and India, governments are experimenting with the idea of introducing some form of basic income.

question: What does the story say about arguments against UBI?

answer: Some people in Switzerland argue that they have a social system that works well so UBI is not needed. Labor leaders fear UBI might only be used by rightwing politicians to shred the existing welfare state. By setting the rate too low and withdrawing other welfare benefits, it could end up hurting the very people it was designed to help most. Many executives object to the idea because it may cause delinkage of economic reward and effort. Ulrich Spiesshofer, chief executive of the engineering company ABB, says that economic rewards should be based on actually creating economic value. Alain Berset, a Social Democrat member of the Swiss cabinet, has described the UBI initiative as “utopian” and risky. When President Nixon wanted to implement a variant of basic income, some Democrats considered it unambitious, and several Republicans considered it too bold.

question: What does the article say about the impact of UBI?