text:
 |rev3 = laut.de |rev3score = [1] }} _LAID BLACK_ is a studio album by American recording artist Marcus Miller. It was released on June 1, 2018 by Blue Note Records. _Laid Black_ was nominated for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.[2][3] The album features collaborations with Trombone Shorty, Jonathan Butler, Take 6, Selah Sue, Kirk Whalum & Alex Han.[4][5]

The track “Keep 'Em Runnin” is based on “Runnin” from Earth, Wind & Fire's 1977 album “All 'n All”. Miller's arrangement plays the original melody over a half-tempo hip hop beat and adds a rap.[6]

Reception

Michelle Mercer of _DownBeat_ wrote, “There’s no judging an album by its cover. But the cover of Marcus Miller’s _Laid Black_ is a litmus test: The title’s pun, the image of a shirtless Miller gazing with soulful directness and the musician’s reputation itself will divide most listeners into believers and doubters before they’ve even heard the first bass slap.”[7] Dan Bilawski of _JazzTimes_ stated, “In liberally mixing aspects of R&B, trap, funk, and hip-hop with jazz, Miller manages to play up their commonalities while leveraging the originality and accessibility of each.”[8]

Track listing

All songs written by Marcus Miller, except where noted.[9][10]

Personnel

-   Marcus Miller – vocals, electric bass, bass clarinet
-   Selah Sue – vocals
-   Trombone Shorty – trombone
-   Alex Bailey – percussion
-   Jonathan Butler – vocals, guitar
-   Alex Han – alto saxophone
-   Kirk Whalum – flute, tenor saxophone
-   Take 6 – vocals
-   Louis Cato – vocals, drums
-   Honey Larochelle – vocals
-   Julian Miler – vocals
-   Charles Haynes – drums
-   Adam Agati – guitar
-   Brian Culbertson – trombone
-   Cliff Barnes – piano
-   Russell Gunn – trumpet
-   Marquis Hill – trumpet
-   Patches Stewart – trumpet
-   Mitch Henry – keyboards
-   Brett Williams – keyboards

Technical Personnel

-   Aleks Edmonds – engineer
-   Chris Allen – engineer
-   Feri Bong – engineer, mixing
-   Ron Boustead – mastering
-   Jan de Ryck – vocal engineer
-   Colin Fleming – engineer
-   Jeff Gartenbaum – engineer
-   Julian Miller – engineer
-   David Rideau – mixing
-   Jason Shavey – engineer
-   Charles Smith – engineer
-   Justin Tocket – engineer [11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]  uDiscover|last=Sexton|first=Paul|date=2018-06-01|website=uDiscover Music|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-26}}

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]  Songs, Reviews, Credits|last=|first=|date=|website=AllMusic|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-26}}

[10]

[11]

title: Laid Black

question: What does the text say about producing an album?

question: What does the text say about Laid Black?

answer: Laid Black is a studio album by American recording artist Marcus Miller released on June 1, 2018, by Blue Note Records. It was nominated for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. Laid Black features collaborations with Trombone Shorty, Jonathan Butler, Take 6, Selah Sue, Kirk Whalum, and Alex Han. The track "Keep 'Em Runnin" is based on "Runnin" from Earth, Wind, and Fire's 1977 album "All 'n All". Miller's arrangement plays the original melody over a half-tempo hip hop beat and adds a rap. Miller wrote all the songs in the album except where noted.

question: What does the text say about the reception Laid Black received?

answer: As for the reception for Laid Black, Michelle Mercer of DownBeat wrote that the cover of the album (an image of a shirtless Miller gazing with soulful directness), the title's pun, and the musician's reputation will divide most listeners into either believers or doubters even before they've even heard the first bass slap. Dan Bilawski of JazzTimes stated that Miller's liberal mixing of R&B, rap, funk, and hip-hop with jazz aspects leverages the originality and accessibility of each one.


split: test

text:
THE MINT MUSEUM is a cultural institution in Charlotte, North Carolina, that comprises Mint Museum Randolph and Mint Museum Uptown. Together these two locations have hundreds of collections showcasing art and design from around the globe.

In 2018, The Mint Museum announced Todd A. Herman, PhD, former Executive Director at The Arkansas Arts Center, as the new president and CEO. Bruce LaRowe, former Executive Director of Children's Theatre of Charlotte, was the Interim CEO on June 21, 2017. He assumed the role after the end of Dr. Kathleen V. Jameson's presidency in 2017.

Mint Museum Randolph

Mint Museum Randolph resides in a federal style building that once housed the Charlotte Mint. Opening in 1936, it was the first art museum in North Carolina, USA.[1] The permanent collections include American Art, Ancient American Art, American and European ceramics, American and European Decorative Art, North Carolina Pottery, historic costume and fashionable dress and accessories, African Art, Asian Art, historic maps, Contemporary art, and photography. The companion Mint Museum of Craft + Design focuses on contemporary craft.

Collection highlights

[_Rose Harvest_ by Harry Siddons Mowbray, 1887] The Mint Museum is the largest visual arts institution in Charlotte[2] and holds the largest public collection of Charlotte-born artist Romare Bearden's work.[3]

The American Art collection comprises approximately 900 works created between the late 1700s and circa 1945. It includes portraiture of the Federal era, 19th century landscapes, and paintings from the group known as “The Eight”[4] (Robert Henri, George Luks, William Glackens, John Sloan, Everett Shinn, Maurice Prendergast, Ernest Lawson, and Arthur Bowen Davies). Additional highlights in this area include works by John Singleton Copley, Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Sully, and Hudson River School painters Thomas Cole and Sanford Gifford.[5]

The Art of the Ancient Americas collection includes roughly 2,000 objects from more than 40 cultures, spanning more than 4,500 years. The collection includes body adornments, tools, ceramic vessels, sculpture, textiles, and metal ornaments.[6]

There are about 2,230 objects in the Mint's collection of Contemporary Art.[7] These include the Bearden collection and other works on paper, contemporary sculpture, and photography from circa 1945 to the present.[8]

The Mint's Decorative Arts collection, considered one of the finest in the country, centers on its holdings in ceramics. Containing more than 12,000 objects from 2000 B.C. to 1950 A.D., the collection includes a wide variety of ancient Chinese ceramics, 18th century European and English wares, American art pottery, and North Carolina pottery.[9] The Mint has the largest and most comprehensive collection of North Carolina pottery in the nation. Its collection of North Carolina pottery comprises some 2,200 objects, dating from the 1700s.[10]

The museum's Delhom collection, given to the Mint in 1966, contains 2,000 pieces of historic pottery and porcelain, as well as pre-Columbian pieces that are more than 4,500 years old.[11]

Almost 10,000 items of men's, women's, and children's fashions from the early 18th century to present-day haute couture are included in the museum's collection of Historic Costume and Fashionable Dress, which approaches fashion as an art form.[12]

Mint Museum of Craft + Design

The MINT MUSEUM OF CRAFT + DESIGN honors the legacy of the Charlotte region's rich craft heritage by collecting artistic craft in glass, metal, fiber, wood, mixed-media, and clay, including jewelry and furniture. With over 2,500 works,[13] its permanent collections “present the creative evolution of studio craft from the utilitarian objects of the 19th century to the art of today”.[14] It also encourages the creation of art, spawns collaborations and dialogue, and serves as a forum for artists, craft theory, aesthetics and technology.

The Mint Museum of Craft + Design has been proclaimed as one of the foremost craft museums in the nation.[15] It opened in 1999 following an $8.2 million donation to the Mint Museum of Art for purchase of a separate space to house the museum's craft and design collection in Charlotte's Uptown.[16] Its permanent collection has been described as “complex and eclectic”, featuring “everything from fine jewelry to fiber arts, from wacky, satirical, narrative ceramic sculpture...to product design.”[17]

The museum closed in February 2010 to begin a move from its building on North Tryon Street to its new home in the Mint Museum Uptown at Levine Center for the Arts. It reopened as part of the Mint Museum Uptown in October 2010.[18] The move expanded the collection's gallery space from to in the new facility.[19]

Mint Museum UPTOWN

[Mint Museum in uptown Charlotte] [Mint Museum interior] With the help of grants and the Arts & Science Council[20] the Mint Museum's new location opened on October 1, 2010.[21][22][23] Designed by Machado and Silvetti Associates of Boston, the building's estimated cost is $57 million. Now that it is complete, this building is known as the MINT MUSEUM UPTOWN with the original building on Randolph Road to be known as the MINT MUSEUM RANDOLPH.

The Uptown location spreads over five floors and houses collections of glass, ceramics, wood and other material from the Mint Museum of Craft + Design. Contemporary Art, American Art and some of the European Art collections from the Randolph Road facility have also moved to the new location, bringing the Mint's arts and craft and fine arts focuses under one roof for the first time.[24]

The historic Randolph Road building remains open. Renovations and reinstallation are scheduled to highlight the Museum's holdings in Ceramics; Historic Costume and Fashionable Dress; Ancient American Art; Asian Art; Coins & Currency; Decorative Arts; and Spanish Colonial Art.[25][26][27]

Randolph Road building

[The Charlotte Mint from an 1850 drawing] The oldest section of the Randolph Road building originally served as the home of the first branch of the United States Mint. Designed by noted architect William Strickland, construction of the Federal-style Charlotte Mint building began in 1836 by Perry & Ligon of Raleigh, North Carolina at a cost of $29,800.00. It opened July 27, 1837 at its original location at 403 West Trade Street. The facility coined $5 million in gold from 1836 to the outbreak of the Civil War.

In 1931, when Mecklenburg County planned to expand the main post office, located adjacent to the Mint, the building became endangered. Widespread public support for preserving the building on its original site proved futile. When the U.S. Treasury Department stated that it had no objection to anyone moving the building to another site, in 1933, a group of citizens raised $950 for the dismantling and removal of the Strickland building to its present location on donated land on Randolph Road. The Museum formally opened to the public on October 22, 1936 as North Carolina's first art museum. The building underwent major expansions in 1967 and 1985.[28][29][30]

The structure was placed on the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission's List of Designated Historic Landmarks in 1976.[31]

As part of a planned renovation of its Randolph Road campus, the museum announced in April 2012 that it will open a research center based on North Carolina pottery at the facility. The research center will offer relics in the extensive collection for study and open its pottery archives to scholars and students for study. The pottery archives currently includes 19,000 volumes.[32]

Mint Museum of History

The Mint Museum of History began in 1976 at the Hezekiah Alexander House on Shamrock Drive.[33] The Mint Museum ran the site until 1987, when the city's parks and recreation department took over. At that time the name changed to Charlotte Museum of History.[34]

[1]  Artists' Studio Archives|url=https://artiststudioarchives.org/2015/06/29/newly-minted-reflections-from-a-museum-internship/%7Curl-status=live%7Carchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016164612/https://artiststudioarchives.org/2015/06/29/newly-minted-reflections-from-a-museum-internship/%7Carchive-date=2020-10-16%7Caccess-date=2020-10-16%7Clanguage=en-US}}

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[20] Mint Museum Receives $5 Million From Robert Haywood Morrison Foundation September 6, 2008

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title: Mint Museum

question: Summarize the kind of art collections to be found at The Mint Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina.

answer: The Mint Museum holds the largest public collection of Romare Bearden's work. The museum possesses the portraiture of the Federal era, paintings from the group known as "The Eight", ancient America's art (roughly 2000 objects), a collection of pre-Columbian pottery and porcelain as well as collections of African Art, Asian Art, European Decorative Art, and Contemporary Art.

question: Why was The Mint Museum not consolidated into a single building?


text:
*ring ring..... ring ring.... ring ring... click*

A cheery voice at the other end picked up. "Hello, A1 Galactic Exterminators! You imbue 'em, we subdue 'em!"

I cleared my throat. "Hi, do you guys come out to the Milky Way?"

"We sure do, what can we help you with?"

"Well, I've spun up a planet to raise an advanced species, but the planet has been over-run by a natural predator, and the intended species' evolution is in trouble."

"No problem sir, we have a number of attractive packages that will return control back to your intended species. We'll just start with a few questions. What is the plantary lifeforms' base element?"

"Carbon."

"Great, any non-biological augmentations?"

"Nope, 100% organic."

"Wow, hard mode..... ok, I think I found your planet, I'm pulling it up right now... Hmm, all the current lifeforms are concentrated on this one continent, which makes complete eradication impossible. It will be a bit tricky to target just the lizards, but we do have a package where we take a native virus and genetically engineer it to selectively target the unwanted species. It's a bit costly though, about 4 days."

"That's a little steep for me..."

"Well, for 2 days we can seed the super-volcanoes on your planet to simultaneously trigger, and create a small cove for the intended species to shelter during the storm. Very distressing, but effective."

"It's interested... but I've already spent 6 days putting this planet together, and I have plans for the future for some of my hours..."

"Well sir, how about we see what your budget is and we can go from there?"

"I have about 3 hours."

A tense silence on the other end of the line...

"...sir, for 3 hours we can chuck a rock at your planet and hope for the best."

"Sounds good. See you Sunday?"

title: [HM] When Your Pest Problem Is Out Of Control...

question: What was the name of the infested planet?

answer: It is not stated.

question: What type of predator invaded the affected planet?

answer: It appears it was lizards.

question: How long does thorough extermination occur?

answer: According to the article, the best, most effective service takes up to 4 days.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A1 Galactic Exterminators received a call from a potential customer from the Milky Way whose organic planet was infested by a predator and needed a professional, less distressing, low-budget service.


text:
“ALLAH PELIHARAKAN SULTAN” (Jawi: الله فليهاراكن سلطن; “God Bless the Sultan”) is the national anthem of Brunei Darussalam. The anthem is sung in Malay, the national language of the country. It was written by Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim (later bestowed with the title Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Setia Negara Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim) and composed by Haji Awang Besar bin Sagap in 1947.[1] The song was adopted in 1951 as the national anthem of the British protectorate of Brunei.[2] It was adapted as the national anthem of Brunei Darussalam upon independence from the United Kingdom, and was sung as the national anthem of the independent state at the stroke of midnight 1 January 1984.

Usage

The national anthem is sung by schoolchildren in Brunei at the beginning of school every Monday during the raising of the national flag and national emblem at school assemblies. The national anthem is played each morning early breakfast on radio and television by Radio Televisyen Brunei (RTB) and at the sign-on and sign-off (replay rerun recorded sign-on) of its transmission for the day.

Lyrics

  Malay Rumi script                                                                                Malay Jawi script                                                                                English translation
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Ya Allah lanjutkanlah Usia Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Adil berdaulat menaungi nusa Memimpin rakyat kekal bahagia Hidup sentosa Negara dan Sultan Ilahi selamatkan Brunei Darussalam[3]   يا الله لنجوتكنله اوسيا كباوه دولي يڠ مها مليا عاديل بردولت منأوڠي نوسا مميمڤين رعية ککل بهاڬيا هيدوڤ سنتوسا نڬارا دان سلطن الهي سلامتكن بروني دارالسلام[4]   O Allah, we plead and cry to Thee, Our Sultan and King, him a long life lease, Help him rule thy lands, disposition wise, Gates of glory and joy he shall boldly prise, Peace be on our land, peace be on our Sultan, God save Brunei, our beloved abode of peace.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Allah Peliharakan Sultan

question: Where is the "Allah Peliharakan Sultan" used?

answer: The national anthem is sung by schoolchildren in Brunei at the beginning of school every Monday during the raising of the national flag and national emblem at school assemblies.

question: When was the song adopted?

answer: The song was adopted in 1951.


text:
You are less than the wind. You are not the air, but those things carried on it. You are gentle words and the fragrance of honeysuckle. You are not that quiet breeze, but those light bits of hair that it ruffles at its passing and those gentle chills that it carries in the ripeness of fall. You are those things carried amongst the bitten mountains worn down by your medium over the passage of years and years and years and years. You are the stillness of the water in this quiet lake and the hymns of the procession slowly approaching the lake over those worn mountain paths. They sing and you follow.

They are a group of not more than twenty large. They are a mix of men and women where the mix tends to fare the fairer sex and those masculine do walk emasculated with trodding steps and uncertain footing. You are the dust kicked up by the feet of these hollow men, a minority amongst those surefooted ewes. You are also the delicate steps of the child, alone amongst adults. You are also the breeze amongst his light hair and the silence at his lips. You are not the shallowness of his gaze or the timidity of his posture. You do know, though, that this one has not had enough years to be weathered as his companions are, their souls as worn as the mountains they cross.

You are the bellows of the man-mountain leading them. You are the difference in the weight of his garments compared to the others. You are not the yellow dye that provides this greater weight, but the wind that gently whips it as they approach the water. You are his words and the songs he leads his congregation in. You are not his smile or its crude comparison with the vacant expressions of his masculine peers, the gentle effeminacy of the women, or the indifference of that golden child. You are his words when he says,

“This is truly a glorious day!”

You are his words when he says,

“Today we truly bask in the radiance of the Lord!”

You are the gentle decline in pitch as footsteps amongst leaves change to those in sand and gravel. You are the difference when the sound of movement changes to sounds of silence save the proselytizing of that mountain of a man. You are his lungs and those ragged chords when he speaks,

“Come my child and let you join the kingdom of the lord!”

You are not the silence in the child’s footsteps, but you are the dissonance between the child’s graceful procession into the water and the preacher’s entrance, more akin to a battleship being put to port than a man of god sloshing to a small sandbank less than fifteen feet from the water’s edge. You are the hymns sung by the procession as the man and child walk out, but you are not the grating words and eldritch vocabulary they use. You are just the words, not their purpose or their strange vocalizations.

You are his words when the priest lays his hand on the child’s head and the mid of his back and calls out,

“Do you wish to see the promise land?”

You are not the child’s response even though it is pronounced and articulated with a certainty greater than the child’s years. You don’t even wish to carry those weary words of disagreement. You are not the unfocused gaze as the priest ignores those words you never carried. You are the sounds of submersion. You are never that gasp of air upon rising from those cold depths. You are simply the solitude of this terrible scene; the quiet, the thrashing at the waters edge, and a wind that roars through the trees like a cry of injustice and pain amongst the leaves. You are less than the wind.

edit: formatting cleanup

meta-edit: apparently I use the word "amongst" too much

title: You are Less than the Wind [MF]

question: Who is the narrator describing?

question: List a few things the narrator calls the person in question.

answer: The narrator calls the person the things carried by air, gentle words, the fragrance of honeysuckle, the ruffle of hair from the quiet breeze, the stillness of water, and the hymns of a procession slowly approaching a lake.

question: What kingdom is the person inviting the child to?


text:
_MAGGIE SIMPSON IN “PLAYDATE WITH DESTINY”_ is a 2020 American animated short film based on the animated television series _The Simpsons_. The film features Maggie Simpson.[1]

The film premiered on February 29, 2020, attached to advance screenings of the Disney/Pixar release _Onward_, with its general rollout on March 6, 2020.[2] It is the third _Simpsons_ film made for theatrical release, after _The Simpsons Movie_ (2007) and _The Longest Daycare_ (2012). The short was released on April 10, 2020 on Disney+.[3][4][5]

Plot

Maggie Simpson is taken to a playground by Marge. When another baby goes down the slide and almost crashes into her, she is saved by a boy named Hudson. Maggie becomes smitten with Hudson, and the two play games together, which Maggie fantasizes as a whirlwind romance. At the end of the day, Maggie gives Hudson her blue bow to remember her by, and that night, she dreams about Hudson in her sleep.

The next day, Homer looks after Maggie instead of Marge, and he takes her to a different park with food trucks. Maggie sees Hudson waiting for her in the adjacent park and desperately tries to get his attention, but Homer pulls her away before she can. That night, Maggie drowns her sorrows in baby formula and becomes despondent over not being able to see Hudson.

The next day, Homer babysits Maggie again. Before he can take her to the same park as the day before, Maggie grabs hold of the car's steering wheel and steers it into the park where she met Hudson. She sees him boarding a train for children and runs across the park to catch up with him.

When Hudson sees Maggie trying to catch up with the train, he reaches out to her with her blue bow, but she fails to catch up before the train pulls away out of her reach. Maggie believes Hudson is gone forever, but the train (running on a circular closed track) loops around to the station at which it started. Maggie and Hudson reunite on the train's cowcatcher, and they exchange pacifiers (in lieu of sharing a kiss).

Production

_Playdate with Destiny_{{'}}s plot was pitched by _The Simpsons_ writers Tom Gammill and Max Pross as part of the episode of season 31, “The Incredible Lightness of Being a Baby.”[6] They began working on the episode, and executive producer Jim Brooks suggested using the plot for a short instead.[7]

After 21st Century Fox's purchase by Disney, the _Simpsons_ staff sent _Playdate with Destiny_ to Bob Iger and the Disney staff. According to Al Jean, they asked “Can we please, please go in front of a Pixar movie?”[8] Once approved, they requested to be shown with “something that's compatible”; the staff were “ecstatic” when offered _Onward_.[9]

Release

_Playdate with Destiny_ was first announced to the public on the show's official Instagram on February 27, 2020.[10] It was revealed that the short would be shown in theaters in the United States prior to screenings of the film _Onward_, starting on March 6, 2020.[11]

Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Studios is reflected in the short's introduction showing a silhouette of Mickey Mouse before transitioning to Homer Simpson holding two donuts. Likewise, the logo for Gracie Films seen at the end of the short replaces one of the patrons with Mickey Mouse. It was released to the streaming service Disney+ on April 10, 2020.[12]

Legacy

_The Simpsons_ episode “The Incredible Lightness of Being a Baby” has been described as “an extension”[13] and “a sequel,”[14] featuring a reappearance of Hudson.[15]

[1]  NME.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-28}}

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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[7]

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[12] Playdate with Destiny{{'}}'' Crawls onto Disney+ Tomorrow |last=Miller |first=Shannon |date=April 9, 2020 |accessdate=April 9, 2020 |publisher=The A.V. Club}}

[13]

[14]

[15]

title: Playdate with Destiny

question: How is Maggie reconciled with Hudson?

answer: Homer is driving Maggie to the park. She grabs hold of the car's steering wheel and steers it into the park where she met Hudson. She sees him boarding a train for children and runs across the park to catch up with him. She fails to catch up before the train pulls away. Maggie believes Hudson is gone forever, but the train (running on a circular closed track) loops around to the station at which it started. Maggie and Hudson reunite on the train's cowcatcher, and they exchange pacifiers.


text:
 Tamara B Franklin et al. Biol Psychiatry. 2010.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic experiences in early life are risk factors for the development of behavioral and emotional disorders. Such disorders can persist through adulthood and have often been reported to be transmitted across generations.

METHODS: To investigate the transgenerational effect of early stress, mice were exposed to chronic and unpredictable maternal separation from postnatal day 1 to 14.

RESULTS: We show that chronic and unpredictable maternal separation induces depressive-like behaviors and alters the behavioral response to aversive environments in the separated animals when adult. Most of the behavioral alterations are further expressed by the offspring of males subjected to maternal separation, despite the fact that these males are reared normally. Chronic and unpredictable maternal separation also alters the profile of DNA methylation in the promoter of several candidate genes in the germline of the separated males. Comparable changes in DNA methylation are also present in the brain of the offspring and are associated with altered gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the negative impact of early stress on behavioral responses across generations and on the regulation of DNA methylation in the germline.

Copyright 2010 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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    -   MedlinePlus Health Information

question: What are the results of the study?

answer: By separating mice from their mothers during the first two weeks of their life, they showed that this trauma not only altered their behavior - it also changed the way their DNA expressed itself, especially in the males. Comparable DNA changes were also witnessed in the offspring.


text:
FUMIKO IKAWA-SMITH is a Japanese Canadian archaeologist. She is an Emeritus Professor[1] in the Department of Anthropology at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She trained as an anthropologist and prehistorian and specialises in the Early Palaeolithic cultures in East Asia, specifically Japan).[2] She is married to Philip E. L. Smith,[3] also an archaeologist, with one son.[4]

Life

Born in Kobe, Japan on 10 September 1930, Fumiko is the eldest daughter of the Buddhist historian, Ikawa Joukei.[5] She studied English at an early age at the suggestion of her mother, a secondary school teacher.[6] She graduated with an undergraduate degree from Tsuada College which subsequently became Tsuda University in 1953 with her thesis on the critical essays by T. S. Elliot.[7]

She used her proficiency in English to secure a clerical position with Masao Oka, an ethnologist at the Department of Sociology at Tokyo Metropolitan University and assisted with his lectures and research.[8] This experience led her to resign her position in 1954 in order to study anthropology as a postgraduate student at the same institution.[9] Fumiko focused on the ancient civilisations of Central America which meant that she met Clyde Kluckhohn who in turn introduced her to American anthropology.[10] He was in Japan in order to give a series of seminars on American Studies.[11] This meeting caused her to take a leave of absence and obtain a Fulbright Program to study for a year at Harvard University.[12]

Fumiko had intended to specialise in Central American archaeology under Gordon Willey.[13] But once she studied with Hallam Movius she decided to specialise in Early Palaeolithic cultures in [Asia].[14] She obtained an A. M. in Anthropology, from Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA in 1958.[15] In 1959 she married Philip E. L. Smith,[16] an archaeologist interested in prehistory whom she had met at Harvard University.[17] In 1960 they moved to Canada, with their son, as Philip had obtained a teaching job at the University of Toronto, Ontario.[18] She obtained her PhD from Harvard University in 1974 with her doctoral thesis on the Early Palaeolithic cultures of Japan.

Career

She accompanied her husband[19] to excavate in Egypt, on the Canadian Expedition to Egyptian Nubia from September 1962 to May 1963.[20] The small group was headed by Philip E.L. Smith, with the title of the “Canadian Expedition to Egyptian Nubia”, was Canadian government’s contribution to the International salvage archaeology efforts in connection with the Aswan Dam construction. After spending the summer in Japan, they returned to Toronto for the academic year. Upon their return to Canada when Philip, her husband resumed teaching, she was employed with the Expedition funds as Research Assistant to sort and label artifacts. She subsequently became a Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Toronto.[21] She started teaching part-time at McGill University in Montreal in 1966 as her husband, Philip, started to teach at Université de Montréal. After a few years of part-time teaching, she was appointed Assistant Professor of Anthropology in 1970, Associate Professor in 1974 and granted tenure. She obtained her PhD from Harvard University in 1974 for her dissertation on the Early Palaeolithic cultures of Japan.[22] She was promoted to Associate Professor in 1975.[23] A year after she obtained her PhD in 1975, she became the Chair of the Anthropology Department at McGill University. She became Professor in 1979.[24]

Fumiko has two strands in her career: a university administrator and a researcher. She was the Chair of the Anthropology Department in 1975, soon after being granted tenure and promoted to Associate Professor. She suspected that she was promoted to Chair as each of the well-established full professors in the department: Peter Gutkind, Richard Anthony Salisbury, and Bruce G. Trigger might try to influence her. She is reported to have said that she thought at the time that each established academic thought he could persuade her to carry out his own agenda,[25] as "I was a woman, a Japanese woman at that, who is supposed to be docile. I think I became a chair not “in spite of” being a woman, but “because” of being a woman.”[26]

She was Director of the Centre for East Asian Studies[27] at McGill University between 1983 and 1988.[28] She was the Associate Vice-Principal (Academic) of McGill University in 1991 until 1996. This was, at the time, the highest-ranking position a woman had ever been appointed to at McGill University.[29] She later discovered that she obtained the job “because of” her gender as the Vice-Principal (Academic), who was a male biologist, was looking for a female humanities person to be his Associate Vice-Principal.[30] She was appointed as Associate Vice-Principal (Academic) in 1991.[31] This position meant that she assisted in the development of both research units by obtaining external grants to add teaching positions in the Centre for East Asian Studies[32] and to invite numerous Visiting Professors from Japan.[33] As Associate Vice-Principal (Academic) part of her duties entailed the creation of academic exchanges and collaboration agreements with universities outside of Canada, strengthening McGill's presence in Asia. She was charged to undertake this task in Asia[34] by then Principal of the University, David Johnston, latterly Governor General of Canada.[35] She helped to establish more than dozen agreements between McGill University [36] and universities in Japan and to create the existing programme for Japanese students to spend the summer at McGill University studying English and Canadian culture.[37]

She is research active[38] despite having retired from McGill University in 2003.[39] She held two Visiting Professorships: one at Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan in 1996-1997[40] and another at El Colegio de México, Mexico City, Mexico in October 2002[41]

Awards

In May 2005 she received the Order of Sacred Treasure with Golden Rays with Rosette at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, for her “contribution towards academic interchange between Japan and Canada, and towards increasing understanding about Japan in Canada.”[42] She is a founding member of the Japan Studies Association of Canada founded in 1987.[43] She served as the Acting President prior to the ratification of its Constitution and several times as its President. In October 2017 she received the Inaugural award for the Lifetime Service to the Association[44]

Publications

-   1972 “1971-nen no doko: Obei (The archaeological trends during 1971: Europe and the Americas)”. _Kokogaku Janaru_, No. 68: 66–71.
-   1976 Kyusekki bunka kenkyu no hohoron (Methodology for Palaeolithic research). _Nippon no Kyusekki Bunka_, edited by M. Aso, S. Kato, and T. Fujimoto, Vol. 5, pp. 19–70. Tokyo: Yuzankaku.
-   September 1976 “On Ceramic Technology in East Asia”, _Current Anthropology_ 17 (3): 513-515 https://doi.org/10.1086/201773
-   1980 “Current Issues in Japanese Archaeology.” _American Scientist_ 68 (2) 134-45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29773725
-   1982 “Co-Traditions in Japanese Archaeology”. _World Archaeology_ 13: 296–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1982.9979835
-   1986 “Migrationism Exemplified: Migrations in Prehistory”. _Science_ 234(4780:1132-3 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4780.1132-a
-   1990 “L’idéologie de l’homogénéité Culturelle Dans l’archéologie Préhistorique Japonaise”. _Anthropologie et Société_ 14(3): 51–76. URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/015143ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/015143ar
-   1995 “Japanese Ancestors and Palaeolithic Archaeology”. _Asian Perspectives_ 18(1): 15–25. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/16828
-   1999 “Construction of National Identity and Origins in East Asia: A Comparative Perspective”. _Antiquity_ 73(281): 626–629. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00065200
-   December 2001 Gender in Prehistory In: _Pursuit of Gender: Worldwide Archaeological Approaches_, edited Sarah Milledge Nelson & Myriam Rosen-Ayalon by p 323-354 Altamira: Rowman
-   2008 “ASIA, EAST | Japanese Archipelago, Paleolithic Cultures”. _Encyclopedia of Archaeology_. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00230-2, accessed March 27, 2020.
-   2011 “Practice of Archaeology in Contemporary Japan”. In: _Practice of Archaeologies._ L. Lozny, ed. Pp. 675–705. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8225-4_20.
-   2014 “Movius Line”. Claire Smith, ed. _Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology_. Pp. 5059 – 5065. New York: Springer Reference. https://doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_680
-   2017 “Paleolithic Archaeology in Japan”. In _Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology_. P Lape and J. Olsen, eds. Pp. 195–217. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6521-2_16.

Numerous co-authored papers including:

-   1981 Ikawa-Smith, I., Jeong-Hak Kim, Richard J. Pearson, Kazue Pearson, “The Prehistory of Korea”. _Pacific Affairs_ 53(3):560 https://doi.org/10.2307/2757335
-   April 1983 Seonbok Yi, G. A. Clark, Jean S. Aigner, Marie-Henriette Alimen, R. S. Davis, André Debenath, Gai Pei, Karl L. Hutterer, Fumiko Ikawa-Smith, Jia Lanpo, Kubet Luchterhand, Sarah M. Nelson, George H. Odell, H. D. Sankalia, Myra Shackley, Pow-Key Sohn, and Wilhelm G. Solheim, “Observations on the Lower Palaeolithic of Northeast Asia [and Comments and Reply]”, _Current Anthropology_ 24, no. 2 : 181-202. https://doi.org/10.1086/202964
-   February 1985 Seonbok Yi, Geoffrey Clark, Jean S. Aigner, S. Bhaskar, Alexander B. Dolitsky, Gai Pei, Kathleen F. Galvin, Fumiko Ikawa-Smith, Shimpei Kato, Philip L. Kohl, Richard B. Stamps, and William B. Workman, ""The “Dyuktai Culture” and New World Origins [and Comments and Reply]", _Current Anthropology_ 26, no. 1 : 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1086/203221

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title: Fumiko Ikawa-Smith

question: When did Fumiko meet her husband, Philip?

answer: She met Philip when she was at Harvard University for a year obtaining a Fulbright program.

question: In what year did Fumiko study at Harvard university?

answer: It appears it was in 1954.

question: When was Fumiko and Philip's son born?

answer: It is not stated.

question: For how long was Fumiko in Egypt on the Canadian expedition?

answer: In less than one year.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Fumiko Smith is a Japanese-Canadian archaeologist born in Japan in September 1930 and trained as an anthropologist and prehistorian. She specializes in the Early Palaeolithic cultures in East Asia, specifically Japan. In 1959, she married a fellow archeologist Philip E. L. Smith, and together they have one son. In 1974, Fumiko obtained her Ph.D. from Harvard University with her doctoral thesis on the Early Palaeolithic cultures of Japan.


text:
Ashes, a tee shirt, and a mental slideshow. That's all I have left. I gently pressed my face into the tee shirt, waiting for the scent to take me on a winding trail of memories. Mental snapshots took life, moving slowly, with blissful happiness. That place, those smiles, these uncertain days. I rejected my raging sea of emotions, only hoping to delay the storm surge for a while longer.

Snap me back into my world, how I welcome and despise it. I lifted the plain tee shirt from my face, and put it into a small bag, and sealed it shut. Beside it, a small jar that contained everything I'd ever allowed close. It was the only other part that understood who I was. I gripped it tightly. More memories began to flow, the levees had finally given way.

Beach, stars, gentle rumbling of waves on the smooth white sand. The air was totally still, only gentle wafting scents hinted at the fact the world was still slowly churning on. There, beside me, you sat. I was accepted wholly here, no regrets. A thick band of stars became obscured by soft light, making a thin dotted white strip across the sky. I wish you could still join me on those nights, watching the Milky Way rise. We used to sit here, picking out which stars we would visit before time ended. Everything blurred again.

Face to face, eyes locked. We handed each other ear-buds, small grins traversing our faces. Our song came on, along with all those warm feelings. Late night fields filled with life, grass gently swaying in the midnight breeze. Starlight softly illuminated our world, everything became so tranquil. Peacefulness, happiness.

Sunlight began to warm my cheeks. I furrowed my brows, I wasn't ready to leave just yet. I don't want to let go, I want to stay here. Why can't time grant me this one favor? Just one more experience, one more memory. One last souvenir to bury my stinging emotions with.

I sat, looking over the field. Our field. Painful awareness had taken control for now. A jar of ash and a tee shirt, that's what all of this had been reduced to. No breathing, laughing, heartbeat, smile, watery blue eyes, nothing anymore. Carbon atoms, back to the way we both used to be, before the beginning of the world.

Supernovas, the crucibles of our Universe that finally gave way. Your atoms had begun the journey back without mine to go with them. This haunting scientific realization meshed itself to my feelings. Everything you are to me, everything you were, could be, had been. My thoughts and reality pulsated, briefly merging with each other.

I lost all control. Tears, hurt, and loss all rushed forward from every fiber in my being. I felt myself tear open, shattering into tiny pieces. Fear began to settle in. I fear that this beautiful maze of chance might never repeat itself again.

Supernovas, where it all began. Where the lighter elements were fused into the atoms of life. This is where our story began. We exploded forth into this existence, atoms mashing and combining together. Our Universe ignited these elements in the void, watching as our miracle took place. It haunts me to think about us in this way. How, after all those billions of years, we came into contact, unaware of the framework allowing for this to happen.

All I want when my days come to an end, is to explode with you once more. I want to surge outwards again, your atoms with mine. I want the maze to send us as wanderers across each other's paths again. I want to feel the same instant connection I felt when we met. I want to know that feeling of faint familiarity and unyielding curiosity, and it's absolute pull.

I want to build a home in it all.

-Dedicated to Kathryn

title: Build a Home

question: Summarize the waves and changes of emotions the narrator felt when thinking of Kathryn.

answer: The narrator seeks to remember the memories he's had with Kathryn. He presses his nose into her tee-shirt and inhales the smell. The smell brings memories of blissful happiness - he wants it to last forever. As he puts the cloth away, he remembers the times they spent on beaches, the sound of the waves, and the times they watched the stars, side by side. As the memories subside in intensity, the realization of Kathryn's passing dawns on the narrator. He cries and, for a while, fears he may never experience happiness again. He hopes he gets to feel the same way again.

question: Explain how Kathryn died.


text:
President Trump abruptly announced Tuesday that acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan is withdrawing from consideration to lead the Pentagon and he's naming Secretary of the Army Mark Esper as his replacement.

While speculation has brewed for days about Shanahan's status, the announcement came shortly after the publication of an explosive USA Today report that the FBI has been probing a violent domestic dispute from 2010 between Shanahan and his then-wife as part of his background investigation.

Speaking to reporters outside the White House, the president said, “it's a difficult time for Pat,” adding Shanahan would take “some time off for family matters.”

WHO IS MARK ESPER, TRUMP’S NEW ACTING SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PICK?

“Mark Esper will be outstanding,” the president said of Shanahan’s replacement. “And, we look forward to working with him for a long period of time to come.”

In a resignation letter Tuesday, Shanahan said “it is unfortunate that a painful and deeply personal family situation from long ago is being dredged up and painted in an incomplete and therefore misleading way in the course of this process.”  The Pentagon said Shanahan's resignation will take effect at midnight Sunday.

“I believe my continuing in the confirmation process would force my three children to relive a traumatic chapter in our family's life and reopen wounds we have worked years to heal,” Shanahan said. “Ultimately, their safety and well-being is my highest priority.”

He added, “I would welcome the opportunity to be Secretary of Defense, but not at the expense of being a good father.”

[]

After the 2010 incident, Shanahan and then-wife Kimberley both told police the other punched them, according to USA Today. Shanahan denied the allegations. "Though my marriage ended in sorrow and disappointment, I never laid a hand on my then-wife and cooperated fully in a thorough law enforcement investigation that resulted in her being charged with assault against me—charges which I had dropped in the interest of my family,” Shanahantold USA Today.

The Washington Postalso published a story Tuesday detailing other domestic violence incidents involving Shanahan's family, including how his son was arrested in 2011 after allegedly beating his mother with a baseball bat. The Post said Shanahan defended his son, saying at the time he acted in self-defense. Shanahan told the paper this week that resurfacing the incident “will ruin my son’s life,” while backing away from his original self-defense claim.

Without referencing the reporting, Trump announced on Twitter earlier Tuesday the acting secretary will not go forward with confirmation in order to focus on his family.

“Acting Secretary of Defense Patrick Shanahan, who has done a wonderful job, has decided not to go forward with his confirmation process so that he can devote more time to his family,” the president tweeted. “I thank Pat for his outstanding service and will be naming Secretary of the Army, Mark Esper, to be the new Acting Secretary of Defense. I know Mark, and have no doubt he will do a fantastic job!”

Esper has served as secretary of the United States Army since 2017. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1986 — the same year as Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.

Last month, the White House announced Trump's intention to have Shanahan permanently lead the department, following his time serving as acting secretary. At the time, Shanahan said he was "honored" by Trump's decision.

“If confirmed by the Senate, I will continue the aggressive implementation of our National Defense Strategy," he said. "I remain committed to modernizing the force so our remarkable Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines have everything they need to keep our military lethal and our country safe.”

[In this April 2, 2019, file photo, Secretary of the Army Mark Esper speaks during a House Armed Services Committee budget hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington. President Trump on June 18, named Esper as acting Defense Secretary. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)]

In this April 2, 2019, file photo, Secretary of the Army Mark Esper speaks during a House Armed Services Committee budget hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington. President Trump on June 18, named Esper as acting Defense Secretary. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)

But in recent days, there were signs that Shanahan’s confirmation had stalled, as the Senate Armed Services Committee -- the panel that would have held hearings on the nomination -- still had not received paperwork formally nominating Shanahan to the position. Fox News was told the panel was still waiting for paperwork from the FBI’s background check.

Shanahan worked at Boeing for over 30 years before coming to the Pentagon as then-Defense Secretary Jim Mattis’s deputy at the start of the Trump administration. He has filled the role of acting defense secretary since Mattis' resignation last year.

_Fox News' Lucas Tomlinson and Elizabeth Zwirz contributed to this report._

question: What does the article say about Trump's opinions on both candidates to lead the Pentagon?

answer: Trump says that Mark Esper will be outstanding. He stated that Shanahan did a wonderful job. He has no doubt his replacement Mark will do a fantastic job.

question: Summarize the controversy surrounding Shanahan.

answer: A USA Today report stated that the FBI has been probing a violent domestic dispute from 2010 between Shanahan and his then-wife. Shanahan said that the situation is being painted in an incomplete and misleading way. Both Shanahan and his then-wife told the police the other punched them. Shanahan stated that he never laid a hand on his wife. Shanahan's son was also arrested in 2011 after beating his mother with a baseball bat.

question: What does the article say about Mark Esper's family?


text:
As he unfolded the brown wrappings of his tootsi-roll in the dinky little motel he had checked into the previous day, he noticed he had missed a spot from his earlier encounter.  A woman, around the age of 23, Susan was an only child, a repeated offender of the law, and quite possibly a prostitute, this we are unsure of.  Jerry, a Sophisticated young lad around the age of 25, he grew up a loner, the kids always made fun of him for never being interested in any girls when most others had hit puberty.  An outcast, Not a crazy psychopathic outcast like most other serial killers out there.  Simply one of those who could  easily be cast aside and forgotten about without a second guess.  He cleans the blood stains off the bathtub, and vigorously washes his hands.

He pulls out a  tattered map of the United states, you can tell its been used many times before, from the gradient spectrum of browns from obvious coffee spills, arguably red stains from blood, but what is strange, is something was written on the back, in a faded light blue pen. Written upside down were the words "i have to do this, I'm sorry.  I love you, beth" with tear stains from her writing the note, and him reading it. Torn edges, and crumpled folds, he takes out his red pen, like he always does. He simply puts an X on where San Francisco should be.

He packs his bags, a duffle bag, and a backpack. he puts his dry cleaning in his duffle bag, you can just smell death covered with the sweet smell of spring  meadows, He finishes packing up his belongings, and looks at the map one more time.  He draws an arrow to Sacramento. You can see other lines, he started off in a small town near Houston Texas, and then made his way east. six or seven other X's mark other stops along his way to Los Angeles, Notable ones are in Phoenix, San Diego, and Riverside where Women have been reported missing.

He has an odd pattern to his mishaps, He finds a girl at a bar, but not one who has had too much to drink, he wants to know who she really is. after they chat for a while, he offers to taker her back to her place without any intentions, and offers to take her out the next day.  Most accept and they go out into a public place, they get to know each other.  After about an hour of conversation, he reveals he has a problem that can be fixed, their expressions are always the same, mouth open, shocked, confused, hurt, and misguided.  Unbeknownst to others around them, the two seem to be having a nice chat with some bad news, nothing to get over excited about.  Following her expressions comes the oh so  familiar apology, and tells them that he will give them a ride back. This is where things go from sweet to sour.

He never sleeps with his victims, he has respect. perhaps not as much as the average Joe.  He doesn't torture them, Jerry makes their deaths quick and painless. sometimes strangulation, others, he will cut her throat.  he will always ask how they want to go. and he usually abides by it, as long as it doesn't involve a gun. He has a strong hatred towards guns, as a child, the kids would always pretend to shoot blanks at him.  one time, one of the guns had a real bullet. when it went off, it overpowered all the other powder caps that they were shooting, nothing slowed down. He could just feel the hot metallic texture of the bullet as it broke up inside his leg, he could feel the bullet get ripped apart. Everything he remembers went white after that, he may have blocked it out himself, or he may just not remember.

He leaves his hotel room, not leaving any trace of anyone ever being there, it looked like the maids had just cleaned the room. He gets into his old '87 dark cherry red two door cadillac, the one with the white top, and the rims that glisten when struck by the sunlight.  He gets on the 80 freeway going east, towards Sacramento. He does his usual routine, however, this one is different.  He seems to be happy when she smiles, and she has the same eyes as his previous Lover, Beth.  Without thinking, he kisses her on the cheek, she blushes and asks why he did that, they don't  knew each other. he quickly turns much more red than the cherry red of his cadillac.  They hit it off great, he is actually happy for once in his life, other than the times he spent with beth.

However, she ends up much like the rest. eyes closed, in the bathtub filled of that liquid cherry red blood everyone is oh so familiar with.  Jerry is crying.  this is the first time he has cried since she left. leaving that note on the back of his map.  Lying on his hotel bed, staring up into the depths of the ceiling, he hand folds off the edge of the bed, holding the beloved map.  The map floats down to the ground, Written on the front, on the east side of the country, was written,

"Jerry, i want to go so many places with you, lets go here..."  An X is marked on Houston, Salt Lake, Vancouver, St. Louis, Los Angeles, San Diego, and New York.  all in black ink.  he unfolds another tootsi-roll wrapper, and takes a bite of the unknown taffy like substance.  He gets up, walks over to the bathroom, more pale than usual. he sits down on the tolite, stares at her pale flesh, he can see the beauty he had just slain.  vivid memories of Beth scream into his mind, he is happier than ever, things start to get whiter, he looks down, as he removes the syringe full of morphine.  All but 5 cc's are left out of the full 200.  his eyes flutter upwards, he mutters "im sorry." and passes into a deep sleep.

_________

i know its got flaws, timing / pacing / character development. but it was fun writing it a few years ago and decided someone here might also like it. comments / criticism are appreciated!

title: not the best, but it was fun writing it!

question: Summarize the character of Jerry.

answer: Jerry is a serial killer who has self-styled rules and standards with regards to the selection and treatment of his victims. He never takes advantage of drunken girls, and focuses on those he can get to know. There is a part in the passage that can be interpreted in a variety of ways, but Jerry seems to need the validation that he is doing something right, supported by the act of bringing the target to a public place before making a certain revelation. He is not completely detached from the women he victimizes, however, as his attachment to his last kill leads him to commit suicide.

question: How many women has Jerry killed?

answer: In the passage, Jerry kills 2 women. But it is also made clear that he has killed several others, however, there is no exact number that is given.


text:
_Battlefield V_’s decision to prominently feature women in combat as part of its World War II setting may have angered some gamers online — who responded to the inclusion of female soldiers with the #NotMyBattlefield hashtag — but developers at Electronic Arts and DICE remain unmoved by the reaction.

In an interview with __ _Gamasutra_, EA chief creative officer Patrick Söderlund says that the developer is uninterested in taking flak for diversifying the gaming space. “We stand up for the cause, because I think those people who don’t understand it, well, you have two choices: either accept it or don’t buy the game,” he says. “I’m fine with either or.” According to Söderlund, the dev team itself also pushed for women in _Battlefield V._

In an interview with _The Verge_ this week, lead designer Lars Gustavsson says that he was surprised by the negative reaction to the inclusion of women, particularly because he had heard so many fans ask for it. “If I got a dollar for every interview I’ve been in through the years, where people challenged us about not having female soldiers, I would be a rich man,” he says. “So to finally be involved with this decision, it’s actually quite mindblowing.”

Many of those who used the #NotMyBattlefield hashtag complained that the inclusion of women was “historically inaccurate,” despite women playing a variety of roles during WWII as everything from fighter pilots to snipers. Söderlund found the response to be both ignorant and beside the point. ”These are people who are uneducated — they don’t understand that this is a plausible scenario, and listen: this is a game,” he says.

Executive producer Aleksander Grøndal also pushed back against the hashtag, saying the developer “will always put fun over authentic.” Nor is this a new development for the series. As general manager Oskar Gabrielson explained on Twitter, “the _Battlefield_ sandbox has always been about playing the way you want.” This sometimes means offering fantastical experiences that are neither realistic nor historically accurate, “like attempting to fit three players on a galloping horse, with flamethrowers. With _BFV_ you also get the chance to play as who you want. This is #everyonesbattlefield.”

EA’s dogged response to this debacle marks another instance of creators standing up against toxic fan bases who seek to rail against diversity and what they view as “PC politics.” When creators speak out against bad actors — whether they’re addressing Comicsgate, _Rick and Morty_, or harassment from _Star Wars_ fans — they’re sending a powerful message about how abusive and exclusionary behavior will not be tolerated.

Gaming today is more gender-diverse than it’s ever been, Söderlund says, and there are “a lot of female people who want to play, and male players who want to play as a badass [woman].” In trying to explain the so-called controversy to his own 13-year-old daughter, Söderlund says he came to realize how ridiculous the conceit of the online backlash was. “I’m like, okay, as a parent, how the hell am I gonna respond to this? And I just said, ‘You know what? You’re right,’” says Söderlund. “‘This is not okay.’”

_CORRECTION: A quote from Lars Gustavsson was originally attributed to Oskar Gabrielson. We have corrected our story and regret the error._

question: What does the article say about gamers?

answer: The article calls out the argument from gamers about the inclusion of women being historically unrealistic to be exclusionary and problematic. The publisher's chief creative officer Söderlund quips that gamers can either accept it or don't buy the game. The reaction is classified as toxic.

question: What does the article say about the gaming performance of RGB LEDs?


text:
GERANIACEAE is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus _Geranium_. The family includes both the genus _Geranium_ (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants called geraniums, which modern botany classifies as genus _Pelargonium_, along with other related genera.

The family comprises 830 species in five to seven genera. The largest genera are _Geranium_ (430 species), _Pelargonium_ (280 species) and _Erodium_ (80 species).

Description

[Flower diagram of _Geranium pratense_] Geraniaceae are herbs or subshrubs. The _Sarcocaulon_ are succulent, but other members of the family generally are not.

LEAVES are usually lobed or otherwise divided, sometimes peltate, opposite or alternate and usually have stipules.

The FLOWERS are generally regular, or symmetrical. They are hermaphroditic, actinomorphic (radially symmetrical, like in _Geranium_) or slightly zygomorphic (with a bilateral symmetry, like in _Pelargonium_). The calyx and the corolla are both pentamerous (with five lobes), petals are free while sepals are connate or united at the base. The androecium consists in two whorls of five stamens each, some of which can be unfertile; the pistil consists of five (less commonly three) merged carpels. The linear stigmas are free, and the ovary is superior. The nectaries are localised at the bases of the antesepalous stamens and are formed by the receptacle.[1][2] _Pelargonium_ has only one nectary gland on the adaxial side of the flower. It is hidden in a tube-like cavity which is formed by the receptacle.[3][4] Flower morphology is conserved within Geraniaceae, but there is a large diversity in floral architecture.[5] Flowers are usually grouped in cymes (e.g. in _Geranium_), umbels (e.g. in _Pelargonium_) or, more rarely, spikes.

_Geraniaceae_ are normally pollinated by insects, but self-pollination is not uncommon.

The FRUIT is a unique schizocarp made of five (or three) achenes, in the lower part the achenes are inside the calyx, while the upper part (the stylar beak) is the style of the flower, looking like a kind of long beak over the achenes. When the fruit is mature the style breaks into five (or three) hygroscopically active (ready to absorb water) bristles that curl, causing the achenes to be released.

Differences between the genera

_California_ lacks filaments without anthers (called staminodes), but the lower half of the five fertile stamens is made much wider by a wing with a rounded top on each side of the narrow higher part of the filament that carries an anther. _Geranium_ only has ten fertile stamens without wings and lacks staminodes, except for _G. pusillum_ that only has five stamens. _Monsonia_ only has fifteen fertile stamens, which are merged at their base into a ring or merged at their base in trios with the middle filament longer than the others, except for _M. brevirostrata_ with only five stamens. _Erodium_ has five staminodes and five fertile stamens, without wings. _Pelargonium_ has ten filaments without wings, between two and seven of which are topped by anthers, while the remaining three to eight are staminodes lacking anthers, but it can easily be distinguished by having only one narrow tube-like nectary inside what looks like the flowerstalk.[6]

Taxonomy

Geraniaceae and Francoaceae are the two families included in the order Geraniales under the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification (APG IV). There has been some uncertainty in the number of genera to be included. Stevens gives seven genera listed here, while Christenhusz and Byng state five genera.

Stevens also lists four synonyms of _Geranium_: _Geraniopsis_ Chrtek _Neurophyllodes_ (A. Gray) O. Degener _Robertianum_ Picard _Robertiella_

_Hypseocharis_, with between one and three species, which comes from the south-west Andean region of South America, is considered the sister to the rest of the family. Some authors separate _Hyspeocharis_ as a monogeneric family Hypseocharitaceae,[7] while older sources placed it in the Oxalidaceae. The genus _Rhynchotheca_ has also been separated into the Vivianiaceae.

The Geraniaceae have a number of genetic features unique amongst angiosperms, including highly rearranged plastid genomes differing in gene content, order and expansion of the inverted repeat.[8]

Phylogeny

Recent comparison of DNA-fragments resulted in the following phylogenetic tree.[9]

Distribution and habitat

Most species are found in temperate or warm temperate regions, though some are tropical. _Pelargonium_ has its centre for diversity in the Cape region in South Africa, where there is a striking vegetative and floral variation.

Gallery

Image:Geranium_rotundifolium_Herbar.jpg|Herbarium specimen of _Geranium rotundifolium_ showing mature fruits Image:Erodium botrys frs 2005-03-15.jpg|Immature fruits of _Erodium botrys_ Image:Geranium-pratense-070706-800-1.jpg|Actinomorphic flowers of _Geranium pratense_ Image:Geraniaceae.jpg|Zygomorphic flowers of a garden geranium (genus _Pelargonium_) Image:Pelargonium_flower.jpg|Cultivated _Pelargonium_ umbels Image:Erodium cicutarium Pflanze.jpg|_Erodium cicutarium_ Image:Pelargonium zonale flowerdiagram.png|Another flower diagram (_Pelargonium zonale_, three abortive stamens) Image:Sarcocaulon_crassicaule_ES0312_IMG_1258.JPG |_Sarcocaulon crassicaule_ Geraniaceae, with flower.jpg|A bush with flowers

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Röschenbleck, J. , Albers, F., Müller, K., Weinl, S., Kudla, J. Phylogenetics, character evolution and a subgeneric revision of the genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). Phytotaxa Volume 159, Issue 2, 11 February 2014, Pages 31-76

[9]

title: Geraniaceae

question: Describe the fruit of Geraniaceae.

answer: The fruit of Geraniaceae is a unique schizocarp made of three or five achenes. In the lower part, the achenes are inside the calyx, while the upper part is the style of the flower. When the fruit is mature the style breaks into three or five hygroscopically active bristles that curl causing the achenes to be released.

question: Where can Geraniaceae be found?

answer: Most species of Geraniaceae can be found in temparate or warm temperate regions. Some species are tropical, such as Pelargonium, which has its center for diversity in the Cape region in South Africa.

question: What do Geraniaceae taste like?

question: How any species are in the family Geraniaceae?

answer: The family comprises of 830 species in five to seven genera.


text:
_ANGEL_
_Season 2, Episode 1_
[Angel 2x01.jpg]

AIR DATE
September 26, 2000
WRITTEN BY
David Greenwalt
DIRECTED BY
Michael Lange
Episode Guide
previous
"To Shanshu in L.A."
next
"Are You Now or Have You Ever Been"
Cast
STARRING
David Boreanaz
Angel
Charisma Carpenter
Cordelia
Alexis Denisof
Wesley
J. August Richards
Gunn
GUEST STARRING
Christian Kane
Lindsey
Stephanie Romanov
Lilah
Andy Hallett
The Host
Justina Machado
Jo
Julie Benz
Darla
Eliza Dushku
Faith
CO STARRING
Rob Boltin
Johnny Fontaine
Iris Fields
Acting Teacher
Keith Campbell
Club Manager
Jason Frasca
White Guy
Andy Kreiss
Lizard Demon
Matthew James
Merl Demon
Glenn David Calloway
Judge
Edward James Gage
Mordar the Bentback
"JUDGMENT" is the season premiere of the second season of _Angel_ and the twenty-third episode overall. Written by David Greenwalt and directed by Michael Lange, it was originally broadcast on September 26, 2000 on the WB network.

A vision from Cordelia sends Angel on another mission where he erroneously kills the demonic protector of a pregnant woman named Jo, who is being hunted by evil bounty hunters, and also must face a mysterious Tribunal in order to live through the night. Street gang member and amateur vampire slayer Charles Gunn helps Angel to retrieve a talisman needed for the trial while Angel himself faces his innermost fears: in order to get the information he needs, he must sing in a demon karaoke bar named Caritas, where the kindly demon Host has the ability to look into each singer's feelings. Meanwhile, the evil lawyers Lindsey and Lilah from Wolfram & Hart are revealed to have brought back from the Raising the long dead vampire Darla, whom they plan to use to seek revenge against Angel. At the end, Angel visits Faith, now serving a long prison term, where they talk about salvation for each other.

Contents

-   1 Synopsis
-   2 Continuity
-   3 Body Count
-   4 Appearances
    -   4.1 Locations
-   5 Behind the Scenes
    -   5.1 Production
    -   5.2 Pop Culture References
    -   5.3 Goofs, Bloopers & Continuity Errors
    -   5.4 International titles
    -   5.5 Music
    -   5.6 Other
-   6 Quotes

Synopsis[edit | edit source]

On just another day in Los Angeles, Cordelia is in the middle of an acting class while Wesley is making money off people using his skill at darts. However, both get a message on their beepers saying '911'. The two meet up with Angel at a gym, and the gang march through as one of the staff attempts to stop them while Angel and Wesley discuss the Carnyss demon that will be making a sacrifice there. The gym attendant is stopped when he notices Angel has no reflection in the wall mirror, which Angel fixes by kicking it in to reveal the demon about to sacrifice two people. Making quick work of the demon and his human accomplices, the gang leave claiming that the demon's appearance was due to steroids.

Later, back at Cordelia's apartment (which has been acting as temporary headquarters for Angel Investigations since their office was blown up), the gang have set up a big whiteboard with the details of their recent, current, and upcoming cases. As Wesley continues to guess what Wolfram & Hart raised months earlier and if they could have already faced it, Angel considers the idea that he could join a gym one day, until Cordelia notes that the men shower together. Suddenly Cordelia has a vision about a nasty looking demon that she doesn't recognize, and Wesley begins to research it based on her vague description.

At Wolfram & Hart, Lilah visits Lindsey, who is struggling with his new prosthetic hand while attempting to put on a CD for Darla, who has spent her time recovering since being raised from hell. She senses Angel's presence in the city, and remembers how he killed her. The three look forward to the prospect of messing with Angel's head.

Angel attempts to sketch the demon Cordelia saw in her vision, while Wesley contends with Dennis being a little over-eager to help. Suddenly Cordelia recognizes the demon in one of the books Wesley is using, and Wes identifies it as a Prio Motu, which is known for being a vicious killer. Although the team now know what they're dealing with, they have no idea where to find it. Wes informs everyone that he's been expanding their contact list and knows a parasite demon named Merl who should be able to help... however the place he likes to meet is unusual.

The gang arrives at Merl's preferred hangout, a karaoke bar in which a lizard demon is singing the song I'm So Excited. The team arrives, as Wesley explains that the bar is a sanctuary for demons. The lizard demon finishes up as the Host, a green demon with small red horns, goes to talk with him while Mordar the Bentback takes the stage. Finding Merl, the gang bribe him for information. After initially being unwilling, Merl agrees and tells Angel that the Prio Motu, which is a stone-cold killer, likes to travel underground and informs him of its probable location. Suddenly the Host approaches and introduces himself to Angel, asking him if he fancies singing. Angel refuses, even after Wesley explains that the Host's powers allow him to see into the souls of people while singing which enables him to read their aura and answer questions about their destiny. Even though this could give them some much needed information, Angel still refuses, as the Host notes that Angel seems to be feeling pretty prideful warning that pride typically comes before a fall.

Investigating the area Merl sent him, Angel finds the Prio Motu near a pregnant woman. The two engage in a fierce battle, which Angel ends by snapping the demon's neck killing it. Angel informs the woman, Jo, that she's safe only to have her start to cry and mourn the demon, telling Angel that he was her protector. Angel is filled with horror as he realizes that the Prio Motu was actually fighting on the side of good. The woman isn't interested in Angel's explanation as she tells him that the Prio Motu was protecting her from 'the Tribunal' before she flees and Angel, too shocked by what's happened, doesn't follow.

Angel reports to Wes and Cordelia what happened, leading them to realize that Cordelia's vision was meant to send Angel to help the Prio Motu instead of killing it. Angel is upset that he killed a fellow soldier, another who had overcome his evil nature and was fighting for good like himself. He then decides that the Prio Motu's mission is now his, and leaves. Wesley assures Angel that he had no way of knowing, but Angel realizes that someone did. Angel is then seen interrogating Merl, getting the demon to admit that he knew the Prio Motu wasn't deadly but wanted him out of the picture as there's a bounty on Jo, or rather her unborn daughter who is destined to become a powerful force for good. Now that her protector is dead, it's open season on them both. Angel learns the area where the Prio Motu was living, and heads there hoping to find Jo.

In another part of town, Gunn saves a man from an attacking vampire. As the man runs off in fear without so much as a thanks, Angel arrives and the two exchange pleasantries. Angel then asks Gunn for help with scouting the local area, and the two set out to find the Prio Motu's home. Angel explains what the Prio Motu was doing before admitting that he accidentally killed it. Finally finding the lair, Angel and Gunn scout the demon's home. Angel feels even more guilty as he surveys the demon's belonging and learns the Prio Motu's name was Kamal, he finds a talisman and sends Gunn to deliver it to Cordelia and Wesley while he, as Gunn puts it, 'soaks up the guilt'. Gunn leaves, and as Angel reflects on his past actions Jo arrives. The two discuss what happened, with Jo still very angry at Angel for killing her protector and only friend. She tells him that six months earlier she was just a regular woman, and now just wants to protect her daughter while the rest of the demon world wants to either worship or kill her. She explains that Kamal was meant to present a coat of arms to the Tribunal, and Angel realizes that this is the talisman they found. Jo is relived until Angel explains that he doesn't have the talisman on him. Jo angrily tries to leave only for a demon assassin to attack. After ensuring this demon is okay to kill, Angel takes care of it only for several more to appear. The two flee.

At Cordelia's apartment the two continue their research on the tribunal when Gunn arrives with the talisman. This is the first time they've met him, and their attempts to appear cool in front of him backfire and he is left very unimpressed.

Fleeing from the demons pursuing them, Angel and Jo take refuge in an abandoned hotel. Jo realizes he personally knows the hotel, and then tells Angel that the Tribunal is supposed to be able to offer protection for Jo and her daughter, and Kamal was meant to present the talisman and be her champion. Without either, Jo now intends to get out of town and make a run for it, as Angel tells her that she'll be found wherever she goes. The demons arrive, and Angel sends Jo to Cordelia's apartment and stays to fight.

Arriving back at the apartment himself after a tough battle, Angel is dismayed to learn that Jo never turned up and, frustrated that she doesn't trust him and has no reason to, hits the whiteboard in anger. Cordelia tries talking to him and he admits that since learning that he was destined to become human one day, the fact that there was a light at the end of the tunnel had caused him to act like their battles were nearly over. Cordelia admits that they all allowed themselves to get cocky but assures him that although it may be a long time before he becomes human she'll be with him all the way.

Suddenly Wesley finds that the talisman is meant to be presented before what is known as a 'Chair of Judgment', an ancient court that is meant to settle grievances with a battle to the death. Angel realizes that this is why Kamal was with Jo, as Wes tells him the tribunal could be anywhere. Angel knows he needs to find Jo quickly, but can think of only one way to get the information...

Angel is then seen on the stage at the karaoke bar, mangling Barry Manilow's hit 'Mandy' before an unenthusiastic crowd. The Host names Angel as 'the vampire with soul' then takes him aside for a chat and assures him he shouldn't feel as much guilt as he does for killing Kamal, telling him most people would have done the same. Before giving any further information, the Host asks Angel why he picked 'Mandy' and tells him to be truthful. In a low voice, Angel admits that he thinks it's 'pretty'. The Host gives him credit for confessing, and then tells Angel the information he needs. Jo can't escape the Tribunal, they'll appear wherever she is and without a champion or the talisman things are pretty grim for her and the baby. He tells Angel where Jo and the Tribunal will be, but can't say if he'll manage to save her ... simply that he has to try.

Attempting to flee, Jo is suddenly faced with the Tribunal when it appears in the street along with a demon knight on horseback. Without her champion or the talisman, Jo is immediately denied her request for asylum and the demon knight is allowed to kill her. Suddenly Angel arrives, throws down Jo's talisman and declares himself her champion. And so, the fight to the death begins with a joust on horseback. Angel assures Jo he grew up around horses (although he hasn't rode for a while) and the joust starts. After a couple of passes, Angel is knocked off his horse and he engages in a swordfight with the demon knight which appears to end with Angel getting a sword in the gut. The Tribunal announces that the demon knight may do what he wants with Jo, and the knight proceeds to pull a knife when Angel suddenly rises and beheads him with a single sweep. With Angel having won, the Tribunal places Jo and her child under their protection until the unborn girl comes of age.

With his mission over, Angel removes the whiteboard with all their missions having realized that fighting the good fight doesn't include keeping count of his victories. He then leaves to visit Faith in prison, and the two discuss the hardships involved with redemption, if they be serving hard time or singing Barry Manilow in a karaoke bar...

Continuity[edit | edit source]

-   This is one of the first episodes on Angel in which demons are shown of being capable of doing good. Angel experiences guilt after killing Jo's demon protector because he killed "an innocent being" and "a soldier like [him]self", and because it never occurred to him that a demon could be either of those things.

-   This episode introduces the character of Lorne, known only as "The Host" until the last few episodes of the second season, at first a recurring friend and ally of Angel's team and then later a member of it. Lorne is the first truly good demon on the show and unlike the rest of the team, does very little fighting on the series. The only time Lorne takes an active role in the fight is during the Destruction of the Circle of the Black Thorn when he helps Lindsey destroy the Sahvrin Clan and then kills Lindsey himself on Angel's orders.

-   One of the demons seen in Caritas belongs to the mouthless telepathic demon species previously seen in "Earshot", though this one wears a robe while the ones in "Earshot" were naked. Another demon, sitting alongside Mordar the Bentback, looks quite like the reptile-headed demon trapped in the Initiative in "New Moon Rising."

-   This episode marks the first appearance of the Hyperion Hotel, which would later become Angel Investigations' base of operations.

Body Count[edit | edit source]

-   a Carnyss demon, killed by Angel
-   Kamal, killed by Angel
-   a vampire, dusted by Gunn
-   a demon knight, killed by Angel

Appearances[edit | edit source]

Locations[edit | edit source]

-   Los Angeles, CA
-   Stockton, CA

Behind the Scenes[edit | edit source]

Production[edit | edit source]

-   Starting with this episode, _Angel_ appears in widescreen (16:9) on the DVDs in the United States. The second season is still designed for standard definition televisions (4:3) and some syndicated airings show the 4:3 versions.

-   The DVD lists the episode as "Judgement."

-   Eliza Dushku is credited in the closing credits of this episode instead of the opening ones. Although closing credits cast listings are usually reserved only for background characters with unimportant parts, or those with minimal or no speaking role, Dushku was placed here to keep Angel's visit to prison a surprise for the viewers. This same trick is used several other times in the series for the same effect.

-   J. August Richards joins the regular cast and is billed in the opening credits as of this episode. This is also Andy Hallett's first appearance as The Host, later known as Lorne. Hallett is a regular guest star from this episode on, and eventually joins the regular cast during the fourth season.

-   EJ Gage, who plays Mordar the Bentback, also played one of the movers in the _Buffy the Vampire Slayer_ episode "Buffy vs. Dracula", which aired immediately before this one when originally broadcast.

Pop Culture References[edit | edit source]

-   Lindsey mentions that Darla likes the composers Chopin and Brahms, but not very fond of the Russian composers.

-   Lorne says, "Well. Who's a little curt? Who's a little Curt Jurgens in _The Enemy Below_?"
-   After singing "I'm So Excited", The Host jokes about the demon giving The Pointer Sisters -- the song's original artist -- a run for their money.
-   While visiting Faith, Angel confesses that he sang Barry Manilow. She asks if it was "Copacabana", one of Manilow's hits, but he admits that it was "Mandy".

Goofs, Bloopers & Continuity Errors[edit | edit source]

-   The widescreen DVD release of this episode creates a couple of visible goofs that had not previously been apparent on the standard format TV broadcast or on the VHS release.
-   When Angel is jousting in the street, some of the wide shots reveal the road has been cordoned off, and cars getting too close are signaled away by crew members/police.
-   As Angel climbs onto the horse, the camera from the previous shot can be clearly seen in the bottom right corner of the screen.
-   In the beginning of the episode, when the group goes to the gym to defeat a demon, you can see the team walking along a wall of mirrors and the camera is filming everyone's reflection in the mirrors. Since Angel has no reflection, actor David Boreanaz is not walking with the group; however, if you watch the far right of the screen, you can see David's reflection waiting for the group to catch up to his mark and then you see him proceed to walk with the group. The camera then films the group head on walking towards it.
-   Moments later, in the staff member's POV shot of the group standing in front of the mirror, Cordelia's reflection is absent. Though perhaps implied to be blocked by her head her reflection should be just in front of the staff member and a bit to his right. The machine on the left is also missing a reflection, indicating that the shot could not possibly have been done in front of an actual mirror and is simply framed against the background of the gym.
-   Upon leaving the demon's hideout, Angel's reflection can again be seen in the mirror just outside of it.
-   When Angel is snapping Prio Motu's neck, you can see a microphone at the top of the screen.
-   In Caritas, When Wesley and Cordelia are discussing the Host, the scene is actually flipped. This is made obvious by the fact that Charisma Carpenter's mole is on the wrong side of her face.
-   Gun finds the entrance to the pregnant woman's hideout by noticing a new vent that he says had not been there before. However, inside the room the light passing through a large powered fan can be seen, and there is no other clear way out other than the entrance they came in. Since ventilation fans are not built to blow into perpetually unoccupied and closed rooms, the vent would have had to always be there, so it would have made more sense if Gun noticed a lack of ventilation or noise from the vent due to the new door, not the vent itself.
-   After reading Angel, Lorne is able to tell where the pregnant woman is going to be even though Angel barely knew her. This ability, for obvious reasons, is limited in future episodes as Angel Investigations would be able to see the future of its members and anyone (and possibly anything) they had interacted with just by singing to Lorne, which would render most plot complications a small inconvenience at best.

International titles[edit | edit source]

-   GERMAN: Das Tribunal _(The Tribunal)_
-   FRENCH: Le jugement _(The judgment)_

Music[edit | edit source]

-   Billy Ray Cyrus- "Achy Breaky Heart"
-   Garth Brooks - "Friends in Low Places" (original episode broadcast)
-   Gloria Gaynor- "I Will Survive"
-   Pointer Sisters- "I'm So Excited"
-   Crown Jewels - "Last Confession" (DVD release)
-   Barry Manilow- "Mandy"
-   Chopin- "Prelude in C minor, Op. 28, No. 20"
-   Marvin Gaye- "Sexual Healing"
-   Robert J. Kral- Judgment & Jousting
-   Robert J. Kral- original score

Other[edit | edit source]

-   The end credits feature outtakes from Angel's performance of "Mandy", and the very end, after the "Grrr, Argh," features a voiceover from David Boreanaz saying, "Thank you very much" while impersonating Elvis.

Quotes[edit | edit source]

  -----------------------------------
  GYM'S OWNER: That guy has horns.
  ANGEL: Steroids. Not good for ya.
  -----------------------------------

  -------------------------------------------------------------
  CORDELIA: Gun. It really let's them know you mean business.
  GUNN: It's my name. Charles Gunn. Two n's.
  -------------------------------------------------------------

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  WESLEY: Uh, I'm Wesley Wyndam... Pryce, and this is Cordelia Chase.
  CORDELIA: It's nice to finally meet.
  GUNN: I've seen you before.
  CORDELIA: Really? The Tan 'n' Screen commercials?
  GUNN: I saw you in bed.
  CORDELIA: What?
  WESLEY: Oh, I-I can see this is none of my business.
  GUNN: You too.
  WESLEY: Now, just a moment!
  GUNN: In the hospital - after Angel's building blew? He sent me there to keep an eye on you two.
  CORDELIA: Right.
  GUNN: I'm just messing with y'all. I was hoping for some demon fighting tonight, but I wound up with a delivery job instead.
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ANGEL: "There are three things I don't do: tan, date, or sing in public."

CORDELIA: _(watching Angel mangle "Mandy" in horror)_ "That man will do _anything_ to save a life!"

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ANGEL: "Where is she?"
  THE HOST: "My question first and answer true, cause you know I'll know: Why "Mandy?""
  ANGEL: "Well, I know the words... and I kinda think it's pretty."
  THE HOST: "And it is, you great big sap. There is not a destroyer of worlds that can argue with Manilow and good for you for fessing up."
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ANGEL: _(rising suddenly after being "killed")_ "I move to appeal that ruling!" _(decapitates the knight)_

question: Who is the main character of the TV show this article concerns?

answer: Angel

question: What is the central conflict of the summarized episode?

answer: Angel must face a mysterious tribunal in order to live through the night.

question: When did the episode in question air?

answer: September 26, 2000

question: Who is the star of the show being discussed?

answer: David Boreanaz

question: What happens at the end of the episode, according to the synopsis?

answer: Angel visits Faith in prison, and they talk to each other about salvation.

question: What channel did the episode originally air on?

answer: The WB network.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article concerns Judgment, the season premiere of the second season of the TV show "Angel". The episode focuses on Angel undergoing a trial after accidentally killing the demonic protector of a pregnant woman. The article lists the appearing cast members, provides a synopsis of the episode, and also includes trivia such as behind the scenes details, bloopers and continuity errors, and pop culture references.


text:
AVIS LITTLE EAGLE is a journalist and the founder of the _Teton Times_, an independent Native American newspaper. She is a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

Biography

Little Eagle began work as a journalist at the _Lakota Times_ in 1990.[1] There, she wrote a ten-part series exposing fake medicine men and women which Tim Giago, editor of the _Lakota Times_, calls “one of the major accomplishments in Indian journalism.”[2] Over the next decade at the _Lakota Times_, she was promoted from news reporter to managing editor.[3] When the paper changed its name to _Indian Country Today_, Little Eagle was the one who suggested the new name.[4]

In 2002, Little Eagle founded the _Teton Times_ in McLaughlin, South Dakota.[5][6] The newspaper only exists in print, without a website.[7] The paper serves the Standing Rock Reservation, where Little Eagle says many of her customers don't have internet access, so that, she says, “her printed paper is the only way they know what's going on with local government or whose kids made the honor roll.”[8] Unlike many Native newspapers, the _Teton Times_ is independent, rather than being owned by the tribal government of the area it serves.[9] Tim Giago identifies the _Teton Times_ as one of the “most read, most influential of these independent newspapers.”[10] In the report _American Indian Media Today_, Jodi Rave emphasizes the importance of independent ownership: “Press freedom for tribe-owned media is a key challenge faced by Native American media. Tribal governments remain the largest media owners and control an estimated 72 percent of newspapers and radio stations.”[11]

In 2005, Little Eagle ran for office within the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, and became the first woman elected to be vice president.[12] When President Barack Obama visited Standing Rock in 2014, Little Eagle expressed concerns about the proposed expansion Keystone Pipeline which would impact her tribe's land,[13] and was present at the Pow Wow held in his honor at Cannon Ball, North Dakota.[14] As of 2015, she was a councilwoman at-large for Standing Rock.[15]

She was elected to the board of the Native American Journalists Association in 2019.[16]

Awards and nominations

-   Little Eagle was nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award in 2017.[17]

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[16]

[17]

title: Avis Little Eagle

question: To what Native American tribe does Avis Little Eagle belong?

answer: The Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

question: Explain Avis Little Eagle's relationship to the Teton Times.

answer: She is the founder of the Teton Times.

question: What is the latest year mentioned in this text?

answer: 2019.

question: Does Avis Little Eagle have children?

answer: The text doesn't say.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This text is a brief biography of Avis Little Eagle, a Native American journalist and the founder of the independent newspaper, the Teton Times. She began her journalistic career in 1990 at the Lakota Times and by 2002  founded the Teton Times. Little Eagle was the first woman elected vice-president of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.