text:
YMCA CAMP FITCH is a year-round camp in North Springfield, Pennsylvania, owned and operated by the YMCA of Youngstown, Ohio. Prior to 1914, all summer camps operated by the YMCA of Youngstown were experimental and temporary in nature. Since its founding in 1914, Camp Fitch has hosted campers every year to date. Originally a program of the YMCA's downtown branch, Camp Fitch now exists as a YMCA branch owned by the YMCA of Youngstown.

While it began as a seasonal camp, Fitch now has the capability to operate throughout the year, owing in part to a campaign to expand its land holdings and facilities starting in the 1960s. During the summer months it operates as a traditional summer camp, with most of its campers staying for week-long sessions. When summer camp is not in session, the camp runs an outdoor education program for schools and hosts several weekend groups and conferences.

History

[The Little Beaver camp site] [A tent group at the old Little Beaver camp site]

The Youngstown YMCA began hosting camps for young boys in the early 1900s, the first of which was conducted at Muddy Lake near Ravenna, Ohio in 1906. In 1907, the camp was moved to Grand River between Orwell and Ashtabula and the following year the camp was moved to a site on Lake Erie between Saybrook and Geneva-on-the-Lake.[1]

In 1914 the Board of Trustees of the Youngstown YMCA adopted a permanent policy of conducting a summer camp for boys. The campsite in 1914 was established at Cannon's Mills on Little Beaver River. Land for the camp was donated by John H. Fitch in addition to a sum of money sufficient to operate the camp for a five-year period.[2] Thirty-two campers were enrolled for the first year, and the camp continued to operate at that site for the summers of 1915, 1916 and 1917. During these first years, a common fashion accessory for campers was a forked stick; these had to be carried for protection due to the abundance of rattlesnakes and copperheads in the area.[3] Fortunately, this reptilian problem was rectified through the relocation of the camp grounds.

During the summer of 1919, a $5,600 dam was built to improve swimming and boating facilities; however, in spring of 1920, the dam gave way to a flood and for the next three seasons the camp used a wooden dam constructed by campers and their families.

Due to growing enrollment, in 1918 the camp was moved to West Point, also on Little Beaver River. At the close of the 1918 camping season, the family of the late John H. Fitch donated $10,000 to purchase the West Point camp site and make permanent improvements. The property consisted of of land and a lodge. The total purchase price was $4,500. In gratitude, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution changing the name of the camp from _Ot-Yo-Kwa_ to _Camp John H. Fitch_.[4]

In 1923, the camp once again reached its capacity at eight tents and one ball diamond. A site in North Springfield, Pennsylvania was picked to serve as a new permanent site for the camp. The wood land, located on Lake Erie, was located from Youngstown. Heirs of John H. Fitch contributed $25,000 for the purchase of the site. In 1924, the tenth anniversary of Camp Fitch, camp was moved to its present site. The new site consisted of many acres of woodland and a half-mile (800 m) of beachfront.

On the present day site, the camp emphasis was on program and the camp was staffed with a doctor, chaplain, directors for crafts, nature study, riflery, waterfront, village directors for each of the three villages (Windy City for boys ages 9 to 11, Chicagami for boys ages 12 to 14, Ot-Yo-Kwa for boys age 15 and older), an assistant camp director for program, a camp steward to handle the dining room and camp store and a tent leader for each tent.[5]

[Group tent picture taken in 1969. Military tents like the one shown above housed all campers until 1986 when the cabent was introduced. Military tents were gradually phased out of use as more cabents were built each summer season.] Camp Fitch operated exclusively as a boys’ camp until the summer of 1951, when a two-week program for girls was initiated. This received an enthusiastic response, and the following years additional periods just for girls were added. By 1957, attendance for boys and girls increased to the point that the camp finally saw the necessity of simultaneously operating both a girls’ camp and a boys’ camp. The girls’ camp (Chicagami) occupied the original site of the boys’ camp. An area of forest was cleared to the east of Chicagami for the establishment of the new boys’ camp, Ot-Yo-Kwa.

In the mid-1960s, Camp Fitch was formally recognized as a YMCA branch and began a period of major expansion in facilities and programming over the course of several decades.[6] Under the direction of William Lyder, Fitch was able to grow from a seasonal operation to a permanent, year-round establishment running approximately 340 days a year.[7] Existing buildings on campus were winterized and modified to accommodate year-round programming. The upgrades to these buildings along with the construction of two outdoor education lodges allowed for the creation of an Outdoor Education program in 1973 that serves schools and youth groups when summer camp is not in session.[8] During the Outdoor education season, the Fitch's outdoor education staff work with visiting school faculty to facilitate a curriculum covering the historical, geographical and biological interests of the area. With the addition of the year-round programming, about 19,000 campers attend the camp a year.

With the expansion of program offerings, Fitch found itself in need of additional land to accommodate its growing population. In the early 1970s, the camp purchased of wooded flatland and a half-mile of shore line on Lake Erie. In addition, the eastern boundary was expanded to run along Crooked Creek. In 1984, the French Creek Boy Scout Council in Erie sold its Camp Sequoyah, located just east of Camp Fitch.[9] Fitch purchased all of Sequoyah south of Ables Road, along with of lake front property.[10] This expansion brought the camp to its current size of over with 1 mile (1.6 km) of frontage on Lake Erie. To date, only about of camp land has been developed. The remaining lands have been left as undisturbed wilderness, which is used for outdoor camp programs, hiking trails and extended overnight camping as well as a buffer to external expansions in the area.[11]

In addition to expanding Fitch's land holdings, Lyder campaigned to increase the number of facilities available to campers. A pool and inland lake were built to expand the aquatics program.[12][13] All bath facilities were upgraded under his watch and several residential lodges constructed. Programming areas received roofs to shields campers from snow and rain, and a 40-foot climbing tower was constructed. The most significant facility impacts during his tenure, however, were the creation of cabents and the construction of a new Dining Hall.[14] With the new dining hall in place, the camp's dining capacity was expanded to accommodate 1000 guests at a time.[15] With these new accommodations in place, Fitch has recently started to host corporate retreats and conferences throughout the year.[16]

Camp Fitch today

Cabent

[A modern cabent (Summer 2003)] While most large summer camps use cabins to house campers, Camp Fitch has long held on to the tradition of housing campers in tents; however, by 1986, the cost of repairing canvas and the inconveniences of conventional military tents brought on the need for alternative accommodations. Thus, the cabent (a tent/cabin hybrid) was born.[17] A cabent has a permanent wooden roof with 8" x 8" corner pillars and canvas sides erected over a cement platform. In the early 2000s, most cabents in the camp were upgraded with built-in bunk beds eliminating the need for work crews to move and store bunks in the off seasons.

Cabents house the camp’s population during the summer season.[18] They have allowed the camp to maintain its tradition of outdoor, tent-style camping while eliminating most of the challenges that come with such accommodations. Each cabent unit generally accommodates eight occupants - typically one counselor and seven campers.

International programs

For several decades members of the international have had a continual presence among the staff and volunteers of Camp Fitch. This tradition can trace its roots back to 1972 when the international camp counselor program of the YMCA arranged for a registered nurse from Switzerland to join the staff.[19] For the next decade, the camp hosted a few international staff each year; however, in 1984 Camp Fitch was able to begin to expand the number of staff coming from abroad. This was primarily due to a close link that had been established between the YMCA España and several YMCAs of Northern Ohio. This partnership at first resulted in a small staff exchange program between the two countries. By 1987 Camp Fitch’s counselor in training program was expanded to actively recruit both Spanish and American youths for staff development.[20] Today Camp Fitch still works extensively with YMCA España as well as the YMCA ICCP Program and other international partners to coordinate international camping experiences for foreign children and young adults. Every year, Fitch hosts several international staff members, campers and CITs.

Facilities and activities

[Fitch's Climbing Tower]Camp Fitch’s facilities include a 4-story climbing tower with zip line, an indoor climbing center, rifle range, archery range, swimming pool, horseback riding, air-rifle range, batting cage, an indoor nature activity center, a 5-story slide, an inland Lake (Lake MVIMA) and access to Lake Erie.[21][22] Activity areas include: Horseback Riding, Air-Rifles, Rock Climbing, Swimming, Sailing, Crafts, Canoeing, Boating, Water-skiing, Archery, Riflery (22 mm), Rocketry, Horsemanship Lessons, Campfires, Swim Lessons, a Paintball Safari, golf program and daily age-group specific programs.[23]

Fleets

During the summer sessions, campers are divided into different age groups, “fleets”. Fleet's Cabents are grouped together on the camp grounds, and their tables are grouped together in the dining hall. Each fleet has its own set of songs and traditions, and throughout the week campers get the opportunity to participate in fleet-only programs geared towards the camper's age level. In Camp Chicagami (Girls' Camp) ages groups are divided as follows: Sloop fleet (ages 8 to 10), Schooner fleet (ages 11 to 12), and Clipper fleet (ages 13 to 14), Galleon Fleet (ages 15 to 16).[24] Camp Ot-Yo-Kwa (Boys’ Camp) is divided as follows: Sloop Fleet (ages 8 to 10), Schooner Fleet (ages 11 to 12), Clipper Fleet (ages 13 to 14), Galleon Fleet (ages 15 to 16).[25] Both Girls' Camp and Boys' Camp have a Mackinaw Fleet (ages 6 to 7) - a special “first” camp designed to introduce young children to summer camping.[26]

Specialty camps

In addition to the traditional summer camp program offered each season, Camp Fitch also offers several “specialty” camps.[27] These programs generally emphasize a theme or goal for its attendees and most are designed to permit participants the chance to take part in the traditional camp programs during their stay. Specialty camps are generally divided into three separate categories:

LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT FLEETS Camp Fitch offers two programs aimed at developing leadership ability for future staff. Its Counselor in Training program for rising High School juniors in particular is well known in the region for training members of the international community and finding them placement both at Camp Fitch and several other summer camps in northwestern Pennsylvania. The Leaders in Training program is available for rising sophomores to learn the basics of leadership at Camp Fitch while all of the training can be applied to home life.

FOCUS PROGRAMS Focus Programs include all events from traditional camp along with additional programs and offerings by leaders in the specialty. At the Camp Fitch Farm, campers can choose Farm Focus featuring our several heritage breeds of domesticated animals, while Outriders features our Equestrian Programs. Tech Focus at Camp Fitch includes Drone Camp and one of the oldest computer camps in the nation.[28] In addition to these activity camps, camp also hosts a Diabetes program and Camp Frog for epilepsy during the summer.[29][30] From the 1970s until 2017, camp had offered a residency camp for adults with mental and physical disabilities.[31]

TEEN TRIP CAMPS Every summer Camp Fitch offers several multi-week off-site camping trips. Typically, these trips include kayaking, biking, sailing or rock climbing within the Great Lakes region.

Spiritual mission

[Curly's Chapel 1964, named for Camp Fitch's director in the late twenties and thirties. Raymond “Curly” Johnson was the writer of Camp Fitch's Candlelight Service. The service is still held weekly in the camp chapel during the summer session.] The inspiration for the founding of Camp Fitch, according to the camp's 25th anniversary publication, sprang from the “need of the city boy for a vacation in the out-of-doors under Christian leadership”.[32] Today, Fitch's mission reflects the traditional goal of the YMCA: “helping children grow in spirit, mind and body”.[33] While campers and staff of many creeds regularly attend camp year round, Christian education and leadership are still built into the core of the camp's mission. Camp staff are expected to “lead by example” by acting in a Christian manner at all times. To encourage this, it provides a Christian Leadership Conference once a year for YCA staff and volunteers.[34] Camp Fitch has set aside several locations on its grounds to help facilitate the spiritual portion of its mission including two outdoor chapels, one indoor chapel, and reflection points for both the Girls' and Boys' camps.[35]

During the summer session, campers attend daily chapel services and a midweek colloquial Vespers service; however, most alumni of Camp Fitch would agree that the spiritual highlight of summer camping period is the unique Candlelight service held at the close of each week.[36][37][38] Authored by Raymond L. “Curly” Johnson, Fitch's director from 1928 to 1935, this service blends lessons of character building with Christian themes. Johnson originally conducted the service himself for campers, and the version used today has changed very little from its original form. At the end of the service, attendee's are tasked with setting a personal goal to work towards during his or her time away from Camp Fitch.[39] In 1982 to honor Johnson and his impact on Fitch's spiritual heritage, the camp chapel was renovated and renamed “Curly's Chapel”.[40]

Affiliations

Camp Fitch is a member of the American Camp Association.[41]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18] Cabents, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 12, 2012.

[19]

[20]

[21] Giant slide is ready at Camp Fitch, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[22] Camp facilities, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[23] Activities, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[24] Traditional Villages, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[25]

[26] First Camp, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[27] Speciality Camps, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 18, 2012.

[28] Computer Camp, Computer Camp site. Retrieved April 18, 2012.

[29] Diabetic Camp, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[30] Orthopedic Camp, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[31] Navajo Camp, YMCA Camp Fitch site. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41] Find a Camp, ACA Web site. Retrieved March 28, 2012.

title: YMCA Camp Fitch on Lake Erie

question: Summarize the international programs associated with YMCA Camp Fitch on Lake Erie.

answer: International staff and volunteers have been apart of the camp for several decades. This can be traced back to 1972, where the YMCA arranged for a nurse from Switzerland to join the staff. By the 1980s, the number of international staff increased due to the close link that had been established between the YMCA Espana and several YMCAs of Northern Ohio. Today, Camp Fitch works extensively YMCA Espana as well as the YMCA iCCP Program and other international partners to coordinate international camping experiences for foreign children and young adults.

question: What is the spiritual mission of the camp?

answer: The inspiration for the creation of Camp Fitch was the "need of the city boy for a vacation in the out-of-doors under Christian leadership." While campers and staff of all religions attend the camp, Christian education and leadership are still built into the core of the camp's mission. During the summer session, campers attend daily chapel services and a midweek colloquial Vespers service. There is also a weekly Candlelight service.

question: Summarize the history of the camp.

answer: The Youngstown, Ohio YMCA began hosting camps for young boys in the early 1900s in various locations. In 1914, the Board of Trustees of the Youngstown YMCA adopted a permanent policy of conducting a summer camp for boys, with the campsite being established at Cannon's Mills on Little Beaver River. The land and funds were donated by John H. Fitch. In 1918, due to growing enrollment, the camp was relocated to West Point, which was also on Little Beaver River. In 1923, the camp once again reached its capacity, and a new site in North Springfield, Pennsylvania, was selected as the new permanent site for the camp.

question: What are the costs associated with attending the camp?


split: test

text:
This is apart of an ongoing short story I've been writing for a while. I have been toying with this plot for years and finally I think I'm getting somewhere with it.

Ran Thar, the shining jewel of the Yul Ran Empire, truly a monument to ancients of magic. It was once the very prison they were destined to die in, but after the Cartel war they turned it into a home of their own.
From afar Ran Thar looks like one giant palace, in a way it is but it is a very complex structure. The sacred halls of the temple are lined with gigantic statues of ancient Men and Yul Ran alike. They were ancient wardens of Magic, from a time when magic was the greatest power in the whole of the universe.
Although the Yul Ran are devoted to magic, full devotion is not compulsory. Because of the strong relationship they have with the federation they are relatively advanced in technology. The Magic is really being drifted away, as all of the political and governing is done alongside the Federation. The Academy & Council of Magic does not like this at all, and they despise the Federation very much. There have been rumors of an uprising. The elders talk about an ancient calender that marks significant dates from the past and the future. No one has actually seen this calender but some say there are dates marked on it that are yet to come, some in the near future. Although all of this talk of the ancients is quickly shrugged off by everyone else.
The sacred halls of the temple stretch farther than the eye can see. golden light from the sun bounces off the the magnificent bronze statues and through the crossing halls. There is an uncharted section of the sacred halls which is home to a few unmentionable statues. One of which being Regol, also known as the Dark Prophet. He was a human worshiper of magic. He had a devotion unlike anyone else and was one of the most powerful users of magic in the entire universe. But that wasn't enough for him, he wanted to become more powerful. It is said that he discovered a new form of magic, one which was more powerful than any other. He tried to get the Council of Magic to use this new form of Magic but they refused saying it was too dangerous. Regol was outraged and swore he would get his day. The council decided he was a lost cause and exiled him from the council. But this wasn't the last they saw Regol, many years later he returned bringing an army with him, where he laid siege to the Magic capital Magha, which still lies a desolate wasteland to this day. Many do not know why he was memorialized with a statue, some say that regardless of his corrupted uprising he was still a great asset to the council and we should remember him for the good he did.

My name is Mal Tun, and if you are reading this then things have probably already turned for worse. I don't exactly know what's going to happen tonight but I have a suspicion that it will lead into a series of events that will rock the entire universe for the worse. I've never seen a war in my lifetime, heck I probably wouldn't know what a war looked like if I saw one.
I'm a senior in the Magic Academy and have been so for a few years now, I joined the academy when I was only a child and things were pretty normal up until now. Not too long ago the council began dabbling in a new form of magic, a magic that is extremely powerful. I suspect that the council is planning on using this magic for evil. Which I don't know why because the council has been peaceful for so many years.
Whoever finds this note, I just pray to the ancients you didn't find it in the ruins of this great city.

"Circle back around me Red, get him from behind me, I'll take him for a walk, on my mark release a torpedo on him, make sure you're in stealth we don't want him picking up on our game"
Captain Red says over the radio.
"You sure this is an elimination mission?"
Asked Murry.
"He won't comply with an arrest, they never do and they never give into interrigation, orders are to eliminate any in the area"
"Aye aye Captain"
In hot pursuit of the renegade spacecraft Red notices something on his radar.
"Red are you seeing this too?"
Murry asked nervously.
Several red dots appear on the radar, and gradually more appear.
"Yep I see it, but I've got no visual, how about you?"
"No I can't see a damn thing, what do we do?"
They both halted momentarily, unsure of what was going to happen.
"Red I don't see anything, this could be a trick!"
Exclaimed Murry
"Or it could be something much worse"
 Red replied
Now the red dots on the radar are appearing more rapidly
" We gotta get out of here"
Said Red
The two spacecrafts circled one another and flew back to base.

The federations Fortress, commonly known as FF or the floating city because of how big it is. The fortified war machine of the universe and home to the largest military ever known.
Murry is in his dorm which he shares with Red putting together a rifle when Red enters the dorm.
" Hey we gotta get down to the main hanger, The Yul Ran ambassador is visiting and there's a ceremony"
Red says to Murry.
"Yeah I'll be down shortly, by the way do you know what this is all about?"
Murry asks.
" I'm not sure but apparently it's on urgent matters"
Murry nodded while he has a curious look on his face.

The FF is scattered with hangers, large and small, the main hanger, which is in the center of the vessel below the other hangers is traditionally used for royal and government transits, such as a person of high power visiting.

The large shield doors slide slowly slide open and a enormous brown spacecraft hovers into the hanger. As the landing gear slowly comes down the shield door closes behind the spacecraft. The craft touches down on the ground of the hanger and a rectangular prism structure lowers from the front of the spacecraft. A door opens and two Yul Ran guards wielding long spears step out. They servery the hanger for a brief moment then step aside and reveal the Ambassador of Run Thar.

General Pavier of the Federation accompanied by Officer Mavis approach the Ambassador.
" Ambassador, might I say what a pleasure it is to have you here on such short notice"
Said General Pavier humbly
" My home is in danger"
The Ambassador spoke in a soft croaky voice.

General Pavier nods and turns to Officer Mavis briefly and they made an awkward eye contact.
"Come with us, we'll discuss this further somewhere more private"
Said General Pavier
General Pavier along with Officer Mavis begin to walk down the lane created by soldiers and the Ambassador along with his guards follow.

Red and Murry are walking back to their quarters, both looking at the floor. When Red began shaking his head.
"There's going to be a war, I know it"
Says Red.
"A war, How do you know this?"
Murry asks.
"I can just feel it, did you see the face on the ambassador, somethings not right"
"How can their be a war, there hasn't been a war in years!"
Exclaimed Murry.
"I really do hope I'm wrong, I don't think I'm ready to fight in a war"
says Red.
Murry shakes his head.
"I don't think any of us are ready for a war."

General Pavier and Officer Mavis are standing around a table in the war room accompanied by the Ambassador and his guards who are standing on either side of the closed reinforced steel door.

"Ran'thar is about to be destroyed, the council of magic have been corrupted, they've turned their powers against us, we are defenseless. We need the federations help, without it our proud race will perish"
says the Ambassador.
General Pavier sinks his head into his palms and turns away from the table.
"A war, one this grand in my life time, never would I have thought it to be"
Says the General
"There's no time to ponder on warfare, please just tell me the Federation will help"
The General turns back to the table and nods.
"Of course! The Federation will help, we will fight in a war for the Yul'Ran, but how long do you think we have until the council begin destroying Ran'Thar?
The Ambassador thinks for a moment.
"No more than three days, word has not gotten far"
"Officer Mavis, alert all commanding officers, we're going to war"

title: The Zull Empire

question: What was Regol known as?

answer: The Dark Prophet.

question: What country is Ran Thar located in?

answer: The Yul Ran Empire.

question: What is the name of the narrator?

answer: Mal Tun.

question: What does Red suspect will occur?

answer: That there will be a war.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The story is a document written by Mal Tun. It tells of the Yul Ran Empire, an ancient nation which mixes magic with space-faring technology. After some exposition, our narrator dives into dialogue. We learn that after many years the Empire is about to go to war.


text:
Give the little drummer boy a decade or so and he'll give every pop star a run for thier money. On top of that, one would have to give him a drum set. For now, he had to settle with the drumsticks he had carved himself from the legs of a chair that someone had left outside with a sign saying: *free*. The Little Drummer boy took anything, anything at all, and turned it into a sound. The things he included in his orchestra, no one would have looked twice at, a brick on a wall, a lid on a metal trash can, a stray piece of paper. He was a conductor and the little alleyway he called home was his orchestra that no one looked twice at, no one wanted to see a little homeless boy do little homeless boy things.

Mae Lin woke up at two in the morning. Her mother was going to wake her up at six, but she refused to allow her mother to make her into something she wasn't: a prodigy. Since she could walk and talk, Mae Lin was forced to learn all there was to know about a violin. Her mother was determined to command and commit her child to a monotonous struggle to realize a dream that she (the mother) could not realize. Mrs. Lin was a talent at the violin, one that could put the greatest to shame, but she was never taken more seriously than the schoolgirl that could only play "Mary had a little lamb". She wanted to play in europe, or broadway, but never got farther from the talent show at her local community center, which she lost. Mae's mom knew she was simply too old and not pretty enough that no producer or talent scout would look twice at her. When she discovered she was with child, she swore to make sure that her daughter would realize the dream she had lost. As for Mae herself, she packed what she could into her school backpack and, for some reason, she took her violin as well. It was the only friend her mother allowed her to have, and if Mae was to run away from home and from her mother's legacy, she would need a friend to accompany her.

The old man woke up, he wasn't sure what time it was, so he looked at the note on his left: *Anton, I am you from yesterday ago reminding you that today is July the 22nd of 2015.* Anton stopped right there, the year was two-thousand and fifteen? that was impossible!  He was fairly certain he had graduated college only two weeks ago in nineteen seventy! He looked down at the note again: *I, or 'you' rather, whichever you prefer, have a disease that causes you to lose your memory after a certain amount of time. You will wake up every morning only to have forgotten everything that happened the day before. Around twelve noon, a woman from 'Greyson Family Therapy' will arrive. If she doesn't, call this number...*" He finished the note, and went to the bathroom. He looked at himself in the mirror, seeing all the features of an old man, a wrinkled face, a receding hairline with grey spots of hair. He had no evidence to claim that this was a prank his roommates were playing. Having nothing better to do, he sat down in at his piano bench, and felt the cool ivory keys of his piano on his fingers. It seemed that, though his toothbrush, or the bed he awoke on were strangers to him, this piano, this instrument was familiar, in a way that he could not recall by memory alone. In a feat displaying the phenomenon known as muscle memory, he pressed a few keys in a rhythemic tune, and let himself get carried away.

**Later that night, around 8pm**

The Drummer Boy was walking on a street he had not walked before, he was tapping his drumsticks to anything he could take back home to his orchestra, a new sound to experience was a blessing to him. His ear pricked up, hearing a sound he had not encountered before. He turned the street corner and heard his blessing. The little drummer boy took a look at her from the street corner and heard her cry to the wind in a language he understood. He watched her play as he subconsciously felt her rhythm, he noted the tempo with which she spoke and started tapping his drumstick to the waterspout next to him. The cement on the sidewalk had a sound as well, and once more, he conducted an orchestra with only the things he could find on the sidewalk, though he made sure that the sound he was hearing from this girl stayed as it was. As far as the conductor was concerned, she was a necessity to the rhythm that he was trying to get out of his head.

Mae Lin wanted to take a bus out of the city, but she had no money to purchase a ticket. So, she tried to ask for some from people, but they all dismissed her. They all saw her clean clothes, her violin in tow, and thought she was just asking for the sake of asking. Eventually, someone wisened her up and said: "Are you good with your violin?" She nodded silently. "Well maybe you should try performing on the sidewalk for money, because kid, lemme tell you now: aint no one in the world going to give you money just cuz you ask." She understood and walked for a bit until she had found a street that seemed quiet enough, she didnt want a big audience because she did not want to perform in front of so many people, *I'll just get what I need and go,* she thought. So she held her friend and put bow to string. Only, she didn't have a paper in front of her, no sheet music to guide her. She then thought of how her mother was right, of how she was going to be nothing but a living failiure if she did not commit herself to practice. She was mad, and sad, and was filled with regret. She also remembered something else, in an instructional video her mother had forced her to watch, she recalled something he said: *"Once you have at least some idea of how notes can be put together on the violin, you can take whatever emotion you have inside you, and let that be the sheet music that guides you."* Keeping that in mind, she once again put bow to string, and feeling sad, she played a sad, lonely note, then she played the same note, but sharper. More music came out of her, she pushed and pulled her bow across the strings with every beat of her heart, having no idea for the money she obtained, she didnt care. She played a rhythm that she had been dying to get out of her body ever since she could walk and talk, it was her song of hurt, of anger, her regret for leaving her nest so early. But more importantly than all of that, it was her's, not Mozart's or her mother's, but it was her song. She heard something else too, it was a beat. A kid with sticks was tapping the things on the sidewalk around her, she didn't stop playing, her mother had trained her to play on regardless of distractions, but the beat this boy had brought did not distract her, in fact, it was like a duet. She played on with him. He was only making her emotion more complete. What made it even more complete, was the sound of a piano just a few stories up in the building behind her.

Anton was sitting down and writing a note for himself to read tomorrow morning when he noticed a commotion just outside his window. A girl was playing a violin while a boy tapped sticks to all the objects he could on the sidewalk, he spun around to tap the sidewalk, the drain pipe, all in the tempo that the girl was playing at. Anton had little in his life, at least little that was familiar, but to him this tune was something that was familiar yet strange at the same time. It called to him, it reminded him of the tragedy that he was subjected to, he was cursed with life he would have to live in twenty-four hour increments. He didn't like that nothing he would do in his time would matter to no one at all except someone who would inhabit his body the next day. *Well fuck that,* he thought. *I'm going to make the most of my life.* He violently pushed aside all the things that were near the window. He ran over to his piano and pushed the piano all the way to the window. He sat down at the bench and joined the young performers. His tune was crying out to the world, he would not let his fate to get the better of him. He would not let himself become a play-thing of the fates. He would not allow himself to let a 'disease' keep him from having the destiny he was entitled to. He would be robbed of life no more! He stopped playing. So did the girl and the boy in the street.

They had finished their song, and all the performers felt a weird mix of ecstasy and satisfaction when they stopped.

The little drummer boy approached the girl. He shook her hand and congratulated her on her performance. He then asked if he could meet her here to play again. He looked up a few stories but saw no visible trace of the sound that had joined their orchestra. After they spoke, he went with her.

Mae blushed at the homeless boy's request. She wasn't sure if she should meet him here, but she felt alive with him. More than she had with her mother. She wanted to take him home, but then realized, she had no home. She also realized that the reason she left in the first place, was because she had something she could say or do at home, but rather, she had to do it somewhere she could express her emotional outburst, without her mother telling her it was something that would not get her anywhere in her life. Now that she had done that, she had no reason not to return home, and she took the homeless boy with her.

Anton was a shy lad, he didn't look at the children down below, he didn't want to, or have to, so he didn't. He did however, watch them walk down the street together, holding hands as they walked. He smirked, smiled, and wished he could see the rest of their story. Anton kneeled down at his bed and prayed to god that, if nothing else, he would not forget this song that he had been so lucky to be a part of, and then an idea arose in his head. He went to the kitchen and scribbled out the note he was writing for himself earlier, it would be useless now. He wrote four words on the back of the paper. He then went to the medicine cabinet in the bathroom and pulled out the morphine the nurse had shown him was there when she was here earlier. He had a little bit of a seizure earlier that day and needed something for the pain. He laid down on his bed, filled the syringe with as much morphine as he could, and injected it into his arm. He would not wake up the next day, nor would some stranger inhabit his body. His nurse would show up and find the note, reading: **I WILL NOT FORGET.**

title: [RF] The Last Concerto

question: What does the story say about how to find success as a musician?

question: Summarize the struggles of each of the main characters.

answer: The Little Drummer boy is homeless and must make do with whatever he is able to scavenge. Mae Lin is forced to learn violin and her mother is disappointed that she isn't a prodigy. She is not allowed to have any friends. Anton has a memory disorder can cannot remember anything that happened since 1970.


text:
Friday on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe,” actor Rob Reiner said left-leaning media outlets like MSNBC were “under attack” and warned we would witness whether or not “democracy survives.”

Reiner also attacked Fox News, Breitbart News and others during his commentary.

Reiner said, “We have never seen anything like this. We have a foreign power, basically trying to undermine our democracy and the possibility that the president of the United States is in conspiracy with that foreign power. This has never happened before in this country. You can see why the other side is putting out a full court press because they know that what’s coming down the pipe, conceivably, it is the biggest scandal in American history and we are fighting right now for the soul of our democracy.”

He continued, “If you look at your specific ads that you have for your network, there are two ads that you run, which basically focus on the importance of a free and independent media and a free press. You are under attack. The press is under attack and right now, if you remove the ability to get the truth out, then you are going to have the destruction of democracy. We don’t have anymore — there’s no checks and balances coming from Congress. Right now, the courts are holding, but this is the first time in American history where you have a state-run television — Fox, Breitbart, Sinclair, Alex Jones aligned with the president of the United States. It’s very, very tough. The battle lines have been drawn. We are going to see whether or not democracy survives.”

He added, “I have hope that democracy will survive. We have been tested before. Make no mistake about it. We are being tested right now as to whether or not 241 years of self-rule will emerge.”

_Follow Pam Key on Twitter @pamkeyNEN_

question: What did Rob Reiner say on "Morning Joe"?

answer: Rob Reiner, on MSNBC's "Morning Joe", said left-leaning media outlets are under attack. He also attacked Fox News, Breitbart, and others.

question: What does Reiner say the influence of foreign power is in the US?

answer: Reiner says a foreign power is trying to undermine democracy in the United States, and it is possible the sitting president is complicit in this attempt. He believes it the biggest scandal in American history.

question: What is the fault of Congress in all this?

answer: Congress, Reiner attests, is failing to impose checks and balances on the complicity of political candidates in undermining the legitimacy of American democracy.

question: What kind of ads and television does Reiner think exists in America right now?

answer: He says for the first time it is a state run television, with Fox, Breitbart, Sinclair, and Alex Jones all aligning with the president.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Rob Reiner went on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" to warn the left-leaning media outlets that they are under attack. He believes this is because of complicity by the sitting president in the foreign effort to undermine democracy and influence the election. This behavior is well known and largely suspected of the president, and so when media outlets like Fox, Breitbart, Sinclair, and Alex Jones all align with him, a true test of American's ability to self-rule has come into play.


text:
[Logo SJSJ]

_Simplified JavaScript Jargon_ (short _SJSJ_) is a community-driven attempt at explaining the loads of buzzwords making the current JavaScript ecosystem in a few simple words. The idea is not to replace individual documentations, but to act as some kind of glossary that can be easily referenced.

If you are willing to contribute, open a pull request to complete, update or fill in a section. Thank you for doing so!

NOTE: WHILE THIS PROJECT IS FULLY READABLE FROM THIS GITHUB REPOSITORY, YOU CAN ALSO ENJOY THE DEDICATED WEBSITE FEATURING A SHINY DESIGN AND A SEARCH ENGINE: JARGON.JS.ORG.

Related projects

-   A Russian version of SJSJ by Andrew Romanov: https://github.com/andrew--r/SJSJ
-   A CLI tool for SJSJ by Hank Wang: https://github.com/hanksudo/SJSJ-cli
-   A Chrome extension for SJSJ by ismnoiet: https://github.com/ismnoiet/JSJargon
-   A data crawler for SJSJ by myself
-   An Alfred workflow for SJSJ by Youmoo: https://github.com/Youmoo/alfred-javascript-jargon

Glossary

A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z

A

-   AJAX: a technology for asynchronous HTTP requests.
-   AMD: a standard defining how to load JavaScript libraries or modules asynchronously.
-   AngularJS: a structural framework for dynamic web apps.
-   Apache Cordova (formerly PHONEGAP): a popular mobile application development framework originally created by Nitobi.
-   Arity: the number of arguments of a function.

B

-   Babel: a JavaScript transformation toolkit which started as an ECMAScript 2015 / ES6 code translator (transpiler).
-   Backbone: a structural framework for dynamic web apps.
-   BEM: a methodology and libraries developed and used at Yandex for building user interfaces.
-   Bluebird: a fully featured Promise library with focus on innovative features and performance.
-   Bower: a package manager for front-end dependencies.
-   Broccoli: a fast and reliable asset pipeline.
-   Browserify: a tool making possible to use the require function from Node.js within the browser.
-   Brunch: a tool focusing on the production of deployment-ready files from development files.

C

-   Canvas: an HTML element for graphic applications in 2D or 3D.
-   Chai: an assertion library used with a JavaScript testing framework.
-   Chakra: a JavaScript engine developed by Microsoft for its Edge browser which could also be used with Node.js instead of V8.
-   Closure: a way of referencing variables from a child function while retaining their value even if it changes in the parent function.
-   Closure Compiler: a JavaScript checker and optimizer.
-   CoffeeScript: a language that compiles into JavaScript.
-   CommonJS: a project with the goal of specifying an ecosystem for JavaScript outside the browser (for example, on the server or for native desktop applications).
-   CORS: a way for a server to make things accessible to pages hosted on other domains.
-   CouchDB: a NoSQL database with JavaScript as query language and HTTP as API.
-   Currying: the process to transform a function with multiple parameters into a chain of functions of one parameter.

D

-   date-fns: a JavaScript date utility library.
-   D3.js: a library for manipulating documents based on data.
-   Design Patterns: a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem within a given context in software design.
-   DOM: a platform- and language-neutral interface that allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents.

E

-   ECMAScript: the standardized specification of the scripting language used by JavaScript.
-   Electron: a framework based on Node.js lets you write cross-platform desktop applications using JS, HTML and CSS.
-   Ember: an application framework based on the model-view-controller pattern.
-   Enzyme: a JavaScript Testing utility for React developed by AirBnB that makes it easier to assert, manipulate, and traverse React components’ output.
-   ESLint: a JavaScript code linter.
-   Express: a fast, un-opinionated, minimalist web framework for Node.js.
-   Ext JS: a pure JavaScript application framework for building interactive cross platform web applications.

F

-   Facade Pattern: a software design pattern commonly used with object-oriented programming. The name is by analogy to an architectural facade.
-   Factory Pattern: a creational pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify the exact class of the object that will be created.
-   Falcor: a JavaScript library for efficient data fetching.
-   Flow: a static type checker, designed to find type errors in JavaScript programs.
-   Flux: an application structure focusing on improved data flow.
-   Four: a framework to develop 3D content for the web.

G

-   GraphQL: a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data.
-   Grunt: a task runner aiming at automating tedious and possibly complex tasks.
-   Gulp: a task runner aiming at automating tedious and possibly complex tasks.

H

-   Hapi: a Node JS framework for writing services and more.
-   Hoisting: an action performed by the JavaScript interpreter that moves function and variable declarations to the top of their containing scope.

I

-   IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression): a function that gets called immediately after declaration.
-   Ionic: a HTML5 mobile framework to build beautiful hybrid native mobile applications using AngularJS and Cordova.
-   Isomorphic: an application is said to be isomorphic (universal) when its code can run both in the client and the server.

J

-   Jasmine: a testing framework for BDD (Behaviour-Driven Development).
-   Jest: a unit testing framework.
-   jQuery: a fast, small, and feature-rich client-side library.
-   JSCS: a JavaScript code linter.
-   JSHint: a JavaScript code linter.
-   JSLint: a JavaScript code linter.
-   JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): a lightweight data-interchange format.
-   JSON-LD: JSON for Linked Data.
-   JSPM: Javascript Package Manager: NPM with its own build system and multiple resources management.
-   JSX: an XML-like syntax extension to JavaScript.

K

-   Knockout: a library that helps developers creating user interfaces with a clean underlying data model.

L

-   LocalForage: a fast and simple storage library for JavaScript.
-   Lodash: a utility toolkit to extend JavaScript primitive types.

M

-   MEAN: the technology stack MongoDB, ExpressJS, AngularJS, and Node.js (MEAN).
-   Mediator Pattern: an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact.
-   Memoize: an optimization used to speed up consecutive function calls by caching the result of calls with identical input.
-   Metalsmith: a simple, pluggable static site generator.
-   Meteor: a JavaScript web framework that allows rapid prototypic web development.
-   Mocha: an extensible testing framework for TDD (Test-Driven Development) or BDD (Behaviour-Driven Development).
-   Modernizr: a browser feature detection library, useful to modify page styles when a feature is not available in the browser.
-   Module Pattern: a design pattern used to implement the concept of software modules, defined by modular programming, in a programming language with incomplete direct support for the concept.
-   Moment.js: a library to parse, validate, manipulate and display dates.
-   MongoDB: a Javascript NoSQL database.
-   Mootools: a collection of JavaScript utilities designed for the intermediate to advanced JavaScript developer. It allows you to write powerful and flexible code with its elegant, well documented, and coherent APIs.

N

-   Nightmare: a high-level browser automation library.
-   NightwatchJS: a framework for browser automated testing.
-   Node.js: a cross-platform runtime environment for developing server-side applications built on V8 engine.
-   npm: a utility to help publishing packages to, and installing from, an npm repository.
-   nvm: a utility to help run multiple versions of Node.js on the same machine.

O

-   Observer Pattern: a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.

P

-   Passport.js: a simple authentication middleware for Node.js.
-   PhantomJS: a scripted, headless browser used for automating web page interaction.
-   Polymer: Google’s library for creating Web Components.
-   PostCSS: a tool to transform CSS styles using JavaScript plugins; plugins include autoprefixer, future CSS transpiling, CSS linting and media queries.
-   Promise: a proxy for a value not necessarily known immediately but that will eventually be resolved.
-   Prototype.js: a JavaScript framework that aims to ease development of dynamic web applications. It offers a familiar class-style OO framework, extensive Ajax support, higher-order programming constructs, and easy DOM manipulation.
-   Prototype Pattern: a creational design pattern in software development. It is used when the type of objects to create is determined by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects.
-   Puppeteer: a Node library providing a high-level API to control headless Chrome.
-   Pure Function: a function that always returns the same value for a given input, never modifies its inputs, and cannot obeserve or affect state in its application or the world.

Q

-   Q: a library to create and manage promises.
-   QUnit: a powerful, easy-to-use JavaScript unit testing framework.

R

-   Ramda: a practical functional library for JavaScript programmers.
-   React: a library developed and used at Facebook for building user interfaces.
-   Redux: a predictable state container for apps.
-   Require.js: a browser based module loader using AMD.
-   Revealing Module Pattern: a design pattern conceptually based on the Module Pattern. The only difference is that the _revealing module pattern_ was engineered as a way to ensure that all methods and variables are kept private until they are explicitly exposed.
-   rnpm: a package manager to ease React Native development by automatically linking native dependencies to your iOS/Android project.
-   RxJS: a library for asynchronous programming using observable streams.

S

-   Sails: a realtime MVC Framework for Node.js.
-   Singleton Pattern: a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object.

T

-   Three.js: a lightweight 3D library to create and display animated 3D computer graphics on a Web browser.
-   TypeScript: a super-set of the JavaScript language that introduces types.

U

-   UMD: a pattern of universal module definition for JavaScript modules.
-   Underscore: a swiss army knife, focusing on helper methods for most built-in objects.
-   Universal: an application is said to be universal (isomorphic) when its code can run both in the client and the server.

V

-   V8: Google’s open source JavaScript engine. It’s what Chrome is running, but it’s also used for other projects like Node.js and MongoDB.
-   Vanilla: a term for library/framework free JavaScript.
-   Virtual DOM: a copy of the DOM in memory that the program can modify instead of directly interfacing with the "real" DOM to help speed up interactions
-   VueJS: a library for creating user interfaces based on data models.

W

-   WebGL (Web Graphics Library): a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D and 2D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins.
-   Webpack: a dependency manager with a friendly and fast development environment, simplifying a lot of common tasks.

X

-   XHR: XMLHttpRequest is an API that provides client functionality for transferring data between a client and a server without page refresh.

Y

-   Yeoman: a generator builder to speed up the setup and installation process of a project or part of a project.

Z

-   Zepto: a lightweight jQuery clone, without all the browser-compatibility specific code.

Export entries as JSON

This repository includes a tiny Node.js script that exports all the entries as JSON. To use it, clone the repository and run:

    npm install
    npm run export -- data.json

Special thanks

A special thanks to Bohdan Shtepan and Kostas Minaidis (amongst others) for there outstanding contributions to make this project more and more relevant every day!

question: Summarize what the Simplified JavaScript Jargon is.

answer: The Simplified JavaScript Jargon is a community-driven attempt at defining and explaining the buzzwords that make up the current JavaScript ecosystem. It acts as a glossary that can be referenced.

question: How many words does the glossary have?

question: What is Observer Pattern?

answer: Observer Pattern is a software design pattern wherein an object, called the subject, keeps a track of its dependants, known as observers, and notifies them automatically when there are any state changes.

question: How did Bohdan and Kostas help with the glossary?


text:
[] JOHN LAPINSKI (November 26 1967) is the Robert A. Fox Professor of Political Science, Faculty Director of the Robert A. Fox Leadership Program and the Director of the Penn Program on Opinion Research and Election Studies (PORES) at University of Pennsylvania. He also serves as the Faculty Director for the Executive Masters of Public Administration program within the Fels Institute of Government.

Lapinski also serves as the Director of the Elections Unit at NBC News [1]

Academic career

Yale University

Lapinski taught at Yale University from 1999 to 2006.[2] In the 1999–2000 academic year, he joined the university as Lecture Convertible in the department of Political Science. In 2000, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Political Science. That year he also received a Joint Appointment to the Institution for Social and Policy Studies and was named a Resident Fellow to the institution, as well as Resident Fellow for the Institution for Social and Policy Studies. He remained in these positions until he left the university in 2006. Lapinski was named Associate Professor (untenured) at Yale University in the spring of 2006. Additionally, he was named Resident Fellow of the Russell Sage Foundation in New York City from 2004 to 2005.[3]

University of Pennsylvania

He was most recently (2018) named Co-Faculty Director of the Fox Leadership Program and was awarded an endowed professorship – the Robert A. Fox Leadership Professor of Political Science. Of that appointment, John DiIulio, the Frederic Fox Leadership Professor of Politics, Religion and Civil Society and current director of the Fox Leadership Program, noted: “John Lapinski has brilliantly mentored numerous Fox-supported undergraduate fellows while helping greatly to expand fellowships from 50 in 2012 to more than 150 in each of the last two years. His exciting vision for both PORES and Fox is all about equipping and empowering students and recent alumni for 21st century leadership challenges.”[4]

Lapinski became faculty Director of the Fox Leadership Program on July 1, 2018. He also has served as Faculty Director for the Program on Opinion Research and Elections Studies since 2013 and is Annenberg Public Policy Fellow and Co-Faculty Director, Fels MPA Program.[5]

Scholarship

Lapinski's primary area of research is concerned with understanding national elections as well as lawmaking in Congress through empirical analysis.[6]

Media career

Lapinksi joined NBC News as an election analyst in 2000 and was named senior election analyst four years later.[7] In 2013, Lapinski was named director of elections at NBC News, replacing Sheldon Gawiser.[8] In 2015, the election team's decision desk group was given its first permanent space at 30 Rockefeller, replacing the News Sales Archives that had occupied the space previously.[9]

Selected works

He is the author of _The Substance of Representation_ (Princeton University Press, 2013) and co-author (with David A. Bateman and Ira Katznelson) of _Southern Nation_ (Princeton University Press, 2018).

Peer-reviewed journal articles

-   “A House Divided? Roll Calls, Polarization, and Policy Differences, 1977-2011,” co-authored with David Bateman and Josh Clinton. 2017. _American Journal of Political Science_ 60(5): 866-898.
-   “What Do Citizens Want from Their Members of Congress,” co-authored with Matthew Levendusky, Ken Winneg and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 2016. _Political Research Quarterly_ 69(3): 535-545.
-   “Ideal Points and American Political Development: Beyond DW NOMINATE,” co-authored with David Bateman. October 2016. _Studies in American Political Development_, 1-25.
-   “Southern Politics Revisited: On V.O. Key’s “South in the House,” co-authored with David Bateman and Ira Katznelson. October 2015. _Studies in American Political Development_, 154-184.
-   “Laws and Roll Calls in the U.S. Congress, 1891-1994,” co-authored with Joshua Clinton. December 2008. _Legislative Studies Quarterly_, 33(4): 511-541.
-   “Reviving Policy Substance: Studying Policy Issues, Legislative Significance, and Lawmaking in American Politics, 1877-1994.” April 2008. _American Journal of Political Science_, 52(2): 235-251.
-   “Congress and American Political Development: Missed Chances, Rich Possibilities,” co-authored with Ira Katznelson. June 2006. _Perspectives on Politics_, 4(2): 243-260.
-   “The “Race Card” Revisited: Assessing Racial Priming in Policy Contests,” co-authored with Gregory Huber. April 2006. _American Journal of Political Science,_ 50(2): 421-440.
-   “Measuring Legislative Accomplishment, 1877-1946,” co-authored with Josh Clinton. January 2006. _American Journal of Political Science 5_0(1): 232-249.
-   “Targeted Advertising and Voter Turnout: An Experimental Study of the 2000 Presidential Election,” co-authored with Joshua Clinton. February 2004. _The Journal of Politics,_ 66(1): 69-96.
-   “American Federalism, Race and the Administration of Welfare,” co-authored with Robert Lieberman. April 2001. _British Journal of Political Science_, 31(2): 303-329.
-   "Testing Formal Theories of Political Rhetoric,” co-authored with Charles Cameron and Charles Riemann. February 2000. _Journal of Politics,_ 62(1): 187-205.
-   “Demand Side Theory and Congressional Committee Composition: A Constituency Characteristics Approach,” co-authored with E. Scott Adler. July 1997. _American Journal of Political Science_, 41(3): 895-918.
-   “Welfare State Regimes and Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-National Study,” co-authored with Charles Riemann, Robert Y. Shapiro, Matt Stevens and Lawrence Jacobs. 1998 _International Journal of Public Opinion Research_ (Oxford-University Press), 10(1): 2-24.
-   “Testing the Implicit-Explicit Model of Racialized Political Communication,” co-authored with Gregory Huber. March 2008._Perspectives on Politics_, 6(1): 125-134.
-   “The Polls: Immigrants and Immigration,” co-authored with Pia Peltola, Greg Shaw and Alan Yang. Summer 1997. _Public Opinion Quarterly_, 61(2): 356-383.

[1] NBC: Data Deal Isn't Partisan, but the 'Ultimate Independence' | Ad Age

[2] Fall 1999 Online Response: Alumni News

[3] John Lapinski | RSF

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Behind the scenes of election night projections | Penn Today

[8]

[9]

title: John Lapinski

question: What is Lapinski's area of specialization that made news networks seek his input?

answer: Lapinski tries to understand the nature of national elections through empirical analysis.


text:
Today I have to wake up with you again. Mornings with you are worse than evenings because at least at night tomorrow is closer, and I have to spend today with you. I get tired of waking up with you, so I stopped sleeping as much.

i think we should shave it has been a while

We definitely should. For once, I agree with you. You look hideous.

i know

The shower is further away than I thought. It appears we're going to have to get up. We have to be somewhere in less than 3 hours, so if you would hurry we might make it.

it is cold and hard to move

Whiner. Excuses. It's already been an hour and if you don't hurry up, we'll never make it there. Why won't you move? It's already been two hours and if you don't hurry up, we'll never make it there. At least stay awake. It's already been 3 hours and I think we should go tomorrow.

liar

The shower is always the worst part with you. With your clothes on at least you are well hidden. The mirror in the bathroom always mocks you and you embarass me. Stop moving your arms they are far too long and not wide enough. Your a pathetic excuse for a man. You should have taken your chances as a woman. Your head looks out of place. Stop looking. We have to spend at least 5 minutes like this.

the water feels good and the sounds of it hitting the floor is loud enough to not have to pay attention to you i think i will stay here for a long time

---------------------------

i have to leave we're running out of water

About time. We have to eat. There's time left to run, go to the gym, learn an instrument or two, get a job, work that job, get a job, why don't you have a job? It's because you always look so awful. You should fix that. I'll fix it. But you ruin me. Look at the time? You had all that time to do all those things and you ruined it. It's your fault, not mine.

i know

I hate how people think it's my fault. Do you think it's my fault? I think people are only stay around me because of you. That is stupid. You are disgusting. I could take you out whenever I want.  Do you understand that?

i don't think you could i wish you could

Well I won't. How do you like that, you fucking bastard? You're fucking filth. How does it fucking feel that I will never do that? You're a piece of shit. I just want you to feel better but how can you feel better if you're a piece of shit? Ask someone to help you.

i don't want to do that again. i'm going to do that again.

That felt good. Did you see the way she looked at you? I think I got her. I think I made it work even with having to drag you around. Now you won't have to feel so bad. Ask her what she likes about you, and you in specific. Why did you do that? That's so fucking embarassing. She's lying too. Look at her, she couldn't possibly believe that and if she did I can't respect her.

i am lonely.

So am I. It's probably my fault. What time is it?

it is morning. mornings are the worst because at least at night tomorrow is closer and i have to spend today with you.

title: [SP] You and I Are In This Together

question: The narrator seems to be suffering from a particular problem. What do you think it is?

answer: The narrator has low self-esteem or a self-loathing problem.


text:
* blood and sexual references warning- first time poster, any tips appreciated.

Despite her tendencies, cherry red was not Laura King’s favorite color. She actually enjoyed the washed out white color of a bride’s dress worn after years of happy marriage. It was like a dirty pearl white that still managed to maintain its purity and air of innocence that came with the type of clothing it was associated with. Laura always found red too demanding of a color. It craved attention with it’s bright hues or gave the impression of hate with it’s dark tones. White was a happy color. Who didn't like white?
The needle was sliding between her fingers again. The blood, mostly wet on her fingers, reached down just past her wrists and sprayed across her hands like ribbons of color. She wiped them on her shirt again so she could hold the needle properly. She threaded tighter, pulling the cold, dead pink lips of Charlotte Audley together in beautiful silence. Nobody needed to hear that horrible voice. Even in the afterlife.
It took longer than usual for Laura to dye Charlotte’s dreadful knotted hair into a beautiful auburn. Her nails had the dye stuck under them because her hair was so messy. But once dried, brushed, and straightened, she was amazingly pretty. She also decided to take extra care to french braid Charlotte’s hair, putting in those pretty daisies of her favorite color between strands. She looked fresh and young, no longer delinquent and juvenile. Bleaching those ugly tattoos away from Charlotte’s skin refreshed her appearance. No longer was she stained red with dark skulls on her thigh or those ragged letters across her neck. Instead, Laura gave her a sweet little tattoo of a black star on the skin between her thumb and her index finger, trying to make it seem sentimental. Maybe she had received it from a lover whom she could never see again for various reasons. It was tragic, romantic.
Choosing clothes was easy this time. Ditch the motor jacket, leather finger-less gloves and worn jeans. She choose a warm-toned sundress with vivid colors and no sleeves. It was more expensive than most outfits she chose for her dolls-not victims, she reminded herself-and didn't suit the current weather. It had been raining a lot recently. Only from what Laura noticed though, because when she did go outside, it was for this.
She kept the makeup light, making her pale skin tone more flattering and brightening up the contrast on the dead girl’s face. She gave her a gold wedding band but left it on the girl’s thick pinky, almost to show not quite commitment. No more jewelry though, not for this one. Earrings especially would ruin the feel she was trying to give off this girl.

The next day, she would wake in her dark apartment early enough to see the morning news. Laura always kept the remote under her pillow next to her small pistol. It was a predictable headline; “local girl found dead in park overnight-” and again they called her what she wasn't. “Serial killer.” It was such a harsh title that forbade so many things, but Laura was none of them. She was simply an artist. God’s little paintbrush sent down to fix his crooked paintings.
“The doll-maker.” It wasn't a very creative criminal title to say the least. At least they were right about the doll part. They zoomed in again on sweet petite Charlotte’s dead face, and an icy smile crept across Laura’s lips. She was so beautiful now. God would cherish her beauty in heaven.
Laura’s morning was unexciting. She worked at home doing various minor programming jobs and web coding more often. She picked her own hours and her own jobs and the money was good because of her talent. She had many more, unknown to her clients. It was another easy morning of walking around in a tank top and underwear, going between eating cereal and toast, then showering late into her work as a break.
But the highlight of her day would be walking down at exactly 2:30 pm to the coffee shop across the street, sitting in the quiet corner near the cobweb nobody wanted to take, and ordering from the same raven-haired waiter that worked there every weekday. He was very beautiful. He had dark, frustrated hair that cried out to be tamed. It was short but shaggy and fell to the back of his neck. It curled at the tips like burnt pages.
He had exhilarating eyes. Despite his quiet nature and seemingly darker personality, they were a bright green like an elixir brewed expertly by an apothecary. If such, they certainly left a spell on her. His lips were a pale pink, scarred by a silver ring embedded into his taunting lower lip. She could write about him for days, despite not knowing him. Today he smelled like the mocha they brewed in the shop, and his voice was the smooth greeting as always.
“Oh. Hello again. What can I get you?”
*I would love a bite of you, my raven.* “I've been dying for a cinnabon if you don’t mind.”
“Unusual for you.” He bit his lip, but accepted it and walked away.
He knew her, and she knew him, but they didn't really *know* each other.

*Aphrodite* was a fairly popular standalone nightclub. It was the only one in the whole city, so at night the lines were long and the lights produced mimicked daylight- if daylight was the whole rainbow spectrum. Laura was best friends (quote unquote) with the assistant manager, so she had her free pass in whenever she wanted and drinks on his tab. She generally paid him in casual sex, and she’d be surprised if he remembered half their nights together in his drunken stupor.
It was easiest to find those who needed her special skills in a place like this. Intoxicated people were generally vulnerable and weak to withhold. She helped the rebels settle down and the wallflowers show their true colors- but only to god. As if other regular people could recognize her art anyway. The seven sins danced along the crowd, most in human form. It was a beautifully horrific sight.
Today she reserved herself to the bar. She had her taste of blood for this week, and didn't have the supplies to make another doll. Maybe Todd would treat her to his cock once his shift ended. She wasn't busy tonight, so she wouldn't mind. He was an aggressive lover. Maybe he was withholding a dominatrix behind his glassy emeralds. It was a prison she was okay being withheld in- temporarily. Truly, only her raven could make her shiver and aware with his presence.
“I didn’t take you for a bar girl.”
She froze. Her mind scattered. She forced a smile, spinning towards the voice on her stool.
“I didn’t take you for a clubber.” she clipped to her raven haired coffee shop boy.
“I’m not. But I could use some scotch tonight.” His order to the bartender came swiftly afterwards, and he downed it like he needed it to survive.
“What ails you, Gabriel?” his name slid off her her tongue like warm melted chocolate over her lips. “A woman done wronged you?”
“I’ve been going crazy over those murders on TV.” Her breath caught on the last word, and she nearly choked on her mojito. He didn’t seem to notice, and she remained calm. She slid her elbow over the counter, resting her face on her fist. Laura’s grey eyes fluttered with the movement of her erratic eyelashes.
“What about? It’s just some psycho like the police are talking about. They’ll figure it out. They profile them and stuff.”
He cleared his throat. “I think...I think it’s more than that.” She dug her nails into her palm. She cocked her head to the side in question. “You see, the police think this person is just killing for sport,” he continued. “But I think there’s something more sinister than that, Laura.”
She licked her lips. “Are you saying this killer has a motive? Getting back at someone?” She was desperate to change the topic. She didn’t like her raven’s wings clipped by her own intentions.
“No. I think...they create these women as they are...because they want to be like them.” Anger blossomed in her chest. Denial. Her heart rate shot, and the corner of her lips twitched.
“Maybe you’re wrong…” *...about me.* She bit off the last part. She ran a hand through her lengthy brown hair, pushing it to one side so she could look at him more clearly.
“This killer is jealous. They change these women so that they think that’s the best way those women can be. But they’re wrong. These women are just fine...it’s this killer that is off. They can’t accept themselves for what they are. They-”
“You’re wrong!” She cut him off. She spun her stool, standing up abruptly as her shawl flew around her. Her half-empty glass of mojito rattled on the counter and Gabriel looked at her in shock. She looked at him for a brief moment with a fire in her eyes that would be normally taken as passion, but it was so much more in depth than that. “You’re wrong and I’m going to prove it to you.” With that, she pushed back the crowd and stormed out of the bar.

Who was her raven to judge her? She was not jealous of these hideous women. She *fixed* them. Almost like showing their true colors, exposing the potential they had to be- only the convinced them post mortem. She knew she had to make her point. Fine- he wanted to see what she saw in her dolls? He would fucking see it. She did it only because he was so beautiful...and he had to understand.
The painkillers took a half hour for their full effect. Her canvas was less controlled today, but she supposed it didn’t matter since she would never use one like this again. She was much shakier with the needles today, and despite the medication she had trouble going on...but it was for her raven. He needed to understand how to fly. She could teach the women, but she couldn’t teach her sweet, innocent raven.
Sometimes, sacrifices had to be made for perfection to be achieved.

In the end, she never finished her final masterpiece. In the morning, Gabriel would walk out of his apartment complex to put out the garbage like he did most weekends. Everything was usual, except for the massacre of his coffee shop girl. He would find Laura King against a wall on a Saturday morning, cold, dead, and covered in blood. He would find her sitting against it, her right wrist nailed to the stone wall and the hammer in her left hand. Her lips were sewn together, blood dribbling from their sides. Her previously fiery eyes were cold and reflecting the morning sunlight in their glassy state. She was wearing white, all white, from her dress to her jewelry to her gloves. Blood splattered across her clothing, in intricate patterns almost as if she planned them. He would drop the white rose he was meant to give her in the coffee shop that day that she would never knew about.
But what was important to the image of the girl who fixed herself, was the dripping blood painted on the wall behind her in the form of two large glorious angel wings.

title: [RF] Would You Mind if I Hurt You?

question: What does the story say about the groom?

question: What does the story say about Laura King?

answer: Laura King is the main character in the story. She lives alone and is paranoid enough to sleep with a gun under her pillow. Laura is also a serial killer who the police are calling "The doll-maker". She hates the terms labeled on her, thinking they're harsh and unimaginative, respectively. She views herself as an artist - God's little paintbrush sent down to fix his crooked paintings. Despite her tendencies, cherry red was not her favorite color. She likes the washed-out white color of a bride's dress worn after years of happy marriage. Laura works from home as a freelance programmer and web coder, earning good money due to her talent. The highlight of her day is going to the coffee shop across the street at 2:30 pm and ordering from the handsome raven-haired waiter, Gabriel.

question: What does the story say about Lauras's relationship with Gabriel?

answer: They know each other simply because Laura frequents the coffee shop where Gabriel works, but they don't really know each other on a personal level. It has gotten to a point where Gabriel knows what Laura likes to order, but it ends there. Laura secretly admires Gabriel, but it seems one-sided as the story doesn't mention if he feels the same, but he was going to give her a white rose in the end, possibly to apologize, so maybe he likes her too. Laura gets hurt and angry when Gabriel tells her that he thinks the police are wrong about the serial killer (her). She likes him so much that she kills herself just to prove him wrong.

question: What is Todd's role in the story?

answer: Todd is the assistant manager at "Aphrodite", the only nightclub in the city. He has a "friends with benefits" relationship with Laura. She gets VIP access to the club and puts her drinks on his tab. She pays him in casual sex. Todd's role is important because Laura uses the club as stalking grounds to find her victims.

question: What does the story say about Laura's motivation in killing other women?

answer: Laura thinks that she is an artist doing God's work. She feels it is up to her to correct God's crooked paintings, usually in the form of other women. The reality is, Laura is jealous of these women and secretly wants to be like them. She can't accept who she is but is in denial. She goes to great lengths to dress them up, apply makeup, and even erase tattoos she views as imperfections to make them look like dolls because, in Laura's warped worldview, these women do not fit the description of what a woman should look like.

question: Summarize the climactic event of the story.

answer: While at the club, Laura was blindsided by Gabriel's comments about the serial killer (*her*). Gabriel says the serial killer kills because she is jealous of her victims because she can't accept who she is. He adds that the serial killer wants to be like the women she kills and dresses them up because she thinks that's the best way those women can be. Laura gets hurt and angry at Gabriel and vows to prove him wrong. She goes home, takes a bunch of painkillers, and does to herself what she does to her victims. Laura dresses up in an all-white ensemble (dress, jewelry, gloves) and sews her lips shut. She manages to nail her right wrist to the stone wall using her left hand, at Gabriel's apartment complex next to where he puts out his garbage. Laura also manages to paint two large wings on the wall using her blood.


text:
I exited the car and began to walk around to the back.  Walking past her without saying a word I soon realized I was ignoring her.  Not because I wanted to, but because for some reason I physically couldn't interact with her at all as if my body wouldn't allow.  It took every bit of me to focus on just walking to the back of that car.  This must look awkward as shit.  Why am I walking around the pump and not just straight to the back?  Why am I not saying anything to the woman I've always just wanted a chance to get to show who I am?  Goddammit.  My arm began to shake and I could taste the iron again.  I really hope she can't notice, but she probably does.  Fuck.  I opened the hatch of the jeep and moved the massage table.  “I know she keeps jumper cables.  They gotta' be here.”  Rose began to help me search for them although she didn't quite know where to look.  I  went for the yellow emergency kit people in my family like to keep.  Opening the plastic box, there they were.  “There we go.” I told her.  I gave them to her and walked back to the driver door of the car.  She followed.  Waiting for the car to fill up, I finally had a moment with her.

Good conversation is difficult to come by nowadays and I'm certainly no exception.  Leaning against the car door, I took a sip of my coffee and wondered what she had been doing all these years.  So I asked.  “How's life been treating you?” The moment these words left my mouth I looked her in the eyes and instantly felt relaxed.  It was a genuine question and I could see in her eyes that she understood its sincerity.  She opted for the generic response.  “Good.  How 'bout yourself?”  I wanted something more.  I wanted something real.  Tell me what you've been up to.  Why does it matter if you do?  We both know we'll probably never see each other again.  I've always thought strangers (or people who you rarely see) are the best people to open yourself up to.  Who will they share your secrets with?  Nobody.  “I'm doing pretty well, actually.  Back home for the break.  I'm living in north carolina now.  So I got here yesterday morning and fly back on sunday.” “Oh, cool.  What are you doing in north carolina?” “I work on Ft. Bragg.” I replied with a nod of confirmation.  Rose gently tilted her head to the right swaying her body in a faint natural manner as though she were dancing and looked up into my eyes as though straight into the fathom of my being with an expression of hinted calculation.  “Are you in the army?” Taking another sip of my coffee with the same confirming nod, “I am.  Never thought I'd be where I am today 5 years ago, but I really love where I'm at right now.” “Well, yea.  You must get great benefits.” “It's more than just that, though.”  And it's true.  I love what I do. “What about you?  What have you been doing?” “I'm living in jersey city now. Right by the grove street stop.” “Oh, nice.  I have a friend who lives by that stop.” She smiled after I said that.  I hate to think that I'm manufacturing some moment between us, but what I perceived as a smile made me think otherwise.  “I love jersey city.  How do you like it there?” “It's great.  I used to live in manhattan, but it just got to be too expensive.  I'm doing comedy in the city, so its a lot of fun.”  I thought it somewhat made sense.  She was always a fun person to be around, yet borderline flirtatious.  Suddenly the pump chunked and the attendant came over to return my debit card with a receipt.  Without saying a word, I opened up the door and started the car.  “So you wouldn't mind giving me a jump, would you?” “Well, yea.  I'd like to get my cables back.”  I was trying to be sarcastic, trying to stir up any sort of emotion in her, but I don't think she picked up on it and I probably came off as crass.  Oh well.

As I drove up and parked my car in front of hers, Rose began to connect the cables to her battery.  “So red goes with red, right?”  I looked at her.  Are you serious? Come on.  Stop trying to flatter me so I complete the job without making you feel guilty.  I kept the tone of my voice cheerful with her, even if it did kind of annoy me.  “Yup.  Red with red.  Black with black.  Positive to positive.  Negative to negative.”  She connected the cables accordingly as the two clamps on the open end touched and sparked.  Rose immediately jumped back with a shriek.  “I've never done that before!” quickly she let out a sigh from the momentary exhilaration.  Once again I couldn't tell if she was being genuine or just trying to flirt with me to ensure a job well done guilt free on her end.  I didn't say anything.  I just picked up the open end and connected it to my battery. “Ok, lemme start up my car and then give it a minute to charge up.”  It didn't take nearly a minute.  Within 10 seconds she turned her ignition and her car started.  “Ahh! Thank you so much.” “Please, anytime.”  We disconnected the cables and I went around to the back of the car to pack them back up.

Once again Rose followed me around to the back.  I loved the assuming way she had about herself, forcing her presence into my life at that moment as though we had been good friends.  I would have just thrown the cables in the back hatch without really caring about their proper place, but realized my time with her was nearing an end.  I decided to put them back where they really belonged so I could extend my time with her as much as I could even it if only meant seconds.  Those seconds seemed to last forever.  “Thanks again, Pete.  I owe you one.”  She called me Pete.  I love the way she always called me Pete.  Only my family calls me Pete, but everyone in that town called me by my legal name- Fulgenzio.  After making me feel at home, I thought why the hell not. “Well you can pay me back if you want.  I'll probably be romping around new brunswick sometime this weekend.” “Yea.  Me and Becca, not sure if you remember her, are going to this new place next to Old Bay.  I think I have your number.  You have mine, right?” How could you have my number? We rarely ever spoke, let alone on the phone or through text. Better not leave anything to chance.  That's right.  Put your money where your mouth is if you really are inviting me.  I handed her my phone without saying a word as I finished putting the cables back where they belonged.  Rose seemed somewhat taken aback as I implored her for her number.  She dialed it in, left it for me to either save it or lose it, and handed the phone back. “Well maybe I'll see you later than.”  I hoped she meant that.  I hoped she truly wanted to see me.  “Bye, Pete.”  We hugged and then returned to our respective cars.

I quickly saved her number into my phone leaving no chance of losing it.  Walking back to the drivers seat of the car I began to wonder what my chances were of actually seeing her that night.  I looked back at Rose one last time.  Still making her way back to her car, she wished me one last goodbye, “Good luck in the Army.”  I knew in that moment she had no intentions of seeing me later that night.  “Thanks.  Good luck with everything in Jersey City.”  As we looked each other in the eye from that distance, we had both known this would be the last moment of our most recent episode together.  She began to open her door and the same quizzical calculating look slowly swept across her face as if a moment of sudden realization had hit her.  With her head slightly tilted back up right and the same faint swaying motion followed by her body Rose called out to me, “Don't be a hero...”  I felt the sincerity in her voice.  Once again maybe I'm constructing something that wasn't there, but it felt as though she cared for me at that moment and was recognizing a very real bond between us.  Or maybe she wanted me to feel that way and just wanted to say good-bye for the last time as though she would never see me again.  Either way all I could reply was a simple, “I won't...”

Putting my mother's car into gear, there was a bit of an awkward moment as we both began to pull out of the station.  Rose allowed me to back out first and exit the station.  Waiting for traffic to clear, I kept looking into the rear view mirror back at her and hoping my instincts were wrong.  I kept hoping I really would see her later that night in new brunswick.  As soon as the traffic cleared I pulled out left, she pulled right and we both drove off.

title: Rose (pt 2)

question: Summarize some of the feelings the narrator felt when he was with Rose.

answer: The narrator was a bit nervous to be around Rose. This was the woman he has always desired and wanted to show off to. His arms were shaking as she helped him look for jumper cables. He later found it and as they both wait for their cars to get filled up with gas, he asked Rose how she's been. She gave him a generic answer. He told her about his job in the army and how he knows someone living in her area. He disliked trying to force the conversation to make it seems like they were closer than they are. He also tried to be a bit sarcastic but he was not sure if she found it funny or crass. Rose's car was able to start, thanks to the jumper cables and they exchanged numbers as they hugged and drove off to their respective destinations.

question: How long have the narrator and Rose known each other?


text:
MADISON COUNTY is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 95,203.[1] The county seat is Canton.[2] The county is named for U.S. President James Madison.[3]

Madison County is part of the Jackson, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (3.7%) is water.[4] The southeastern border of the county is defined by the old course of the Pearl River before it was dammed to create the Ross Barnett Reservoir.

The boundaries of the county are set in Mississippi Code section 19-1-89 as: Madison County is bounded by beginning at a point on Big Black River, where the same crosses the center line in township twelve, range three, east; thence east to the old Choctaw boundary line; thence north on said boundary line to the center line of township twelve, range five, east; thence through the center of said township twelve, range five, east, to the range line between townships five and six, east; thence south on said range line to Pearl River; thence down said river, with its meanderings, to the line between townships six and seven, north; thence west on said township line to the basis meridian of the Choctaw survey; thence north on said meridian line to the line between townships seven and eight, north; thence west on said township line to the line between ranges two and three, west; thence north on said range line to Big Black River; thence up said river, with its meanderings, to the beginning.[5]

Major highways

-   [] Interstate 55
-   [] U.S. Highway 49
-   [] U.S. Highway 51
-   [] Mississippi Highway 16
-   [] Mississippi Highway 17
-   [] Mississippi Highway 22
-   [] Mississippi Highway 43
-   Natchez Trace Parkway

Adjacent counties

-   Attala County (north)
-   Leake County (east)
-   Scott County (southeast)
-   Rankin County (south)
-   Hinds County (southwest)
-   Yazoo County (west)

National protected area

-   Natchez Trace Parkway (part)

Demographics

As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 74,674 people, 27,219 households, and 19,325 families residing in the county. The population density was 104 people per square mile (40/km²). There were 28,781 housing units at an average density of 40 per square mile (16/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 60.29% White, 37.48% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 27,219 households, out of which 37.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.90% were married couples living together, 15.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.00% were non-families. 25.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.60% under the age of 18, 8.90% from 18 to 24, 32.40% from 25 to 44, 20.30% from 45 to 64, and 9.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $46,970, and the median income for a family was $58,172. Males had a median income of $41,460 versus $29,170 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,469. About 10.60% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.30% of those under age 18 and 13.20% of those age 65 or over.

Madison County has the highest per capita income in the State of Mississippi. It is the only county in Mississippi with a per capita income higher than the national average.

Communities

Cities

-   Canton (county seat)
-   Madison
-   Ridgeland

Towns

-   Flora

Census-designated place

-   Kearney Park
-   Annadale
-   Anderson

Other unincorporated communities

-   Camden
-   Farmhaven
-   Gluckstadt
-   Livingston
-   Sharon
-   Way

Ghost town

-   Beatties Bluff
-   Stokes

Government and infrastructure

The county operates the Madison County Jail. Normally pre-trial federal inmates from central Mississippi are held at this jail.[7]

  Year                               Republican                                   Democratic                                   Third parties
  ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |56.4% _28,265_   style=“text-align:center;” |40.6% _20,343_   3.0% _1,523_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |57.5% _28,507_   style=“text-align:center;” |41.8% _20,722_   0.7% _342_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |57.6% _27,203_   style=“text-align:center;” |42.0% _19,831_   0.5% _235_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |64.3% _24,257_   style=“text-align:center;” |35.2% _13,268_   0.5% _203_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |64.0% _19,109_   style=“text-align:center;” |34.9% _10,416_   1.1% _334_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |58.6% _14,467_   style=“text-align:center;” |37.9% _9,354_    3.5% _867_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |54.0% _12,810_   style=“text-align:center;” |39.6% _9,386_    6.4% _1,525_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |57.5% _11,399_   style=“text-align:center;” |41.6% _8,242_    0.9% _184_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |53.2% _9,298_    style=“text-align:center;” |45.8% _8,002_    0.9% _163_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |42.9% _6,024_    style=“text-align:center;” |54.3% _7,621_    2.8% _394_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |42.8% _4,838_    style=“text-align:center;” |55.1% _6,240_    2.1% _238_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |57.2% _5,047_    style=“text-align:center;” |39.3% _3,464_    3.6% _313_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |9.3% _876_       style=“text-align:center;” |47.7% _4,515_    43.0% _4,071_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |92.9% _3,283_    style=“text-align:center;” |7.1% _251_       style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |18.4% _525_      style=“text-align:center;” |26.3% _753_      55.3% _1,583_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |15.7% _377_      style=“text-align:center;” |41.6% _996_      42.7% _1,022_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |51.2% _1,496_    style=“text-align:center;” |48.8% _1,425_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |2.6% _51_        style=“text-align:center;” |4.1% _81_        93.3% _1,833_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |5.1% _104_       style=“text-align:center;” |94.9% _1,921_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |3.1% _66_        style=“text-align:center;” |96.9% _2,038_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |1.7% _32_        style=“text-align:center;” |98.2% _1,838_    0.1% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |3.3% _51_        style=“text-align:center;” |96.2% _1,474_    0.5% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |7.6% _124_       style=“text-align:center;” |92.5% _1,519_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |6.4% _109_       style=“text-align:center;” |93.6% _1,598_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |6.4% _57_        style=“text-align:center;” |92.8% _831_      0.9% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |4.3% _36_        style=“text-align:center;” |93.1% _782_      2.6% _22_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |1.5% _11_        style=“text-align:center;” |90.5% _663_      8.0% _59_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Mississippi Codes SEC. 19-1-89. Madison County.

[6]

[7]  “He’s not listed in records at the Madison County jail, where federal prisoners in central Mississippi are usually confined.”

[8]

title: Madison County, Mississippi

question: What are the demographics of Madison County?

answer: As of the census in 2000, there were 74674 people in the county. The racial makeup was 60% White, 37% Black, 0.11% Native American, 1.30% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 0.9% Hispanic or Latino.

question: What was the population of Madison County in 2010?

answer: The population of Madison county in 2010 was 95203.