text:
The MECHANICS EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (MESA) was an independent trade union of tool-and-die-makers. First active in the automobile industry of greater Detroit, Michigan, MESA was founded in 1933 and was “the first union to effectively establish itself in what had been a traditionally open shop strong, Detroit's mass production automobile industry.”[1] MESA's general secretary was English immigrant Matthew Smith.

Origins

The Mechanics Educational Society of America was founded by disgruntled members of the International Association of Machinists as an educational society. However, radical transplants from the United Kingdom like Smith, Frank McCracken, and John Anderson recognized the potential of the group and pushed for a full-fledged union. In June 1933, the U.S. Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 which protected the collective bargaining rights of unions. A month later, MESA began an organizing drive in Detroit, Pontiac, Michigan, and Flint, Michigan which increased membership to approximately 5,000.[2]

Leading members

Longtime national secretary Matthew Smith, who had been active in the Amalgamated Engineering Union in England, refused to obtain U.S. citizenship, telling a U.S. Congress subcommittee: “I'm an internationalist, a citizen of the human race.”[3] Another prominent leader was Trotskyist Bert Cochran, who was a district organizer for MESA during the 1930s and 1940s.[4] However, Cochran led several MESA locals out of MESA and into the UAW.[5]

Membership and Locals

Membership in 1944 was approximately 42,000.[6] By 1935, the union had expanded out of Detroit into other cities with a significant amount of industrial workers, including Rome, New York,[7] Flint, Michigan, Toledo, Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio[8], Defiance, Ohio and the Connecticut cities of Torrington, New Haven, and Bridgeport.[9]

Federation and World War II

In July 1938, MESA rejected an invitation to merge with the recently-organized Congress of Industrial Organizations, citing “fundamental differences in policy” while also arguing the CIO's established union in the auto-industry, United Autoworkers (UAW), was run by a “quasi-dictatorship.”[10] In 1942, MESA became a founding member of the Confederated Unions of America. A 1944 article in the American Economic Review described the group as “...a class-conscious group far to the left of the AFL internationals and even most of the CIO affiliates.”[11]

MESA refused to adopt a no-strike pledge that other unions had agreed to during World War II. As such, it was targeted by the federal government via the National Labor Relations Board; in jurisdictional disputes with the CIO, the government consistently decided against MESA. In response, MESA's membership went on strike. In November 1944, United States Under Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson wrote to MESA's Smith saying “Your strikes...represent no honest grievance...You are striking our fighting men from the rear. The War Department insists these strike be stopped at once.” MESA refused to end the strike.[12]

Taft-Hartley and CIO Affiliation

In 1947, the Taft–Hartley Act became law. One of its provisions required union leaders to file affidavits with the United States Department of Labor declaring that they were not supporters of the Communist Party and had no relationship with any organization seeking the “overthrow of the United States government by force or by any illegal or unconstitutional means”, to which MESA acquiesced. The prevailing Red Scare, which began in 1947 and coincided with a period of McCarthyism, put a damper on popular support for radical unions like the Mechanics. In 1954, MESA absorbed the Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union (MMWIU), which had previously been affiliated with the Industrial Workers of the World. In December of that year, MESA and its 12,000 members affiliated with the former jurisdictional opponent in the CIO.[13] A year later, in December 1955, the CIO, with the Mechanics as an affiliate, merged with the AFL to form the AFL-CIO.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]  Case Western Reserve University |accessdate=6 April 2020 |language=en |date=11 May 2018}}

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

question: Summarize the origins of the Mechanics Educational Society of America.

answer: The origins of the Mechanics Educational Society of America (MESA) started by being founded by disgruntled members from the International Association of Machinists. The society turned into a full-fledged union when Frank McCracken and John Anderson pushed for it. MESA became an organizing drive and increased its membership to 5,000.

question: Summarize the most interesting facts in the text.

answer: Some of the most interesting facts in the text are how MESA refused to adopt a no-strike pledge that other unions had agreed to during World War II. Another interest fact is how MESA absorbed the Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union. It is also very interesting how MESA held its ground and rejected an invitation to merge with the recently-organized Congress of Industrial Organizations in July of 1938.

question: What other organizations can be inspired or learn from the Mechanics Educational Society of America?


split: test

text:
[Overview of the triple-alpha process.] right|upright=1.5|thumb|Logarithm of the relative energy output (ε) of proton–proton (PP), CNO and Triple-α fusion processes at different temperatures (T). The dashed line shows the combined energy generation of the PP and CNO processes within a star. At the Sun's core temperature, the PP process is more efficient.

The TRIPLE-ALPHA PROCESS is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon.[1][2]

Triple-alpha process in stars

Helium accumulates in the cores of stars as a result of the proton–proton chain reaction and the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle.

Nuclear fusion reaction of two helium-4 nuclei produces beryllium-8, which is highly unstable, and decays back into smaller nuclei with a half-life of , unless within that time a third alpha particle fuses with the beryllium-8 nucleus to produce an excited resonance state of carbon-12, called the Hoyle state, which nearly always decays back into three alpha particles, but once in about 2421.3 times releases energy and changes into the stable base form of carbon-12.[3] When a star runs out of hydrogen to fuse in its core, it begins to contract and heat up. If the central temperature rises to 10⁸ K,[4] six times hotter than the Sun's core, alpha particles can fuse fast enough to get past the beryllium-8 barrier and produce significant amounts of stable carbon-12.

:{| | + → |  (−0.0918 MeV) |- | + → + 2 |  (+7.367 MeV) |}

The net energy release of the process is 7.275 MeV.

As a side effect of the process, some carbon nuclei fuse with additional helium to produce a stable isotope of oxygen and energy:

    + →  + (+7.162 MeV)

Nuclear fusion reactions of helium with hydrogen produces lithium-5, which also is highly unstable, and decays back into smaller nuclei with a half-life of .

Fusing with additional helium nuclei can create heavier elements in a chain of stellar nucleosynthesis known as the alpha process, but these reactions are only significant at higher temperatures and pressures than in cores undergoing the triple-alpha process. This creates a situation in which stellar nucleosynthesis produces large amounts of carbon and oxygen but only a small fraction of those elements are converted into neon and heavier elements. Oxygen and carbon are the main “ash” of helium-4 burning.

Primordial carbon

The triple-alpha process is ineffective at the pressures and temperatures early in the Big Bang. One consequence of this is that no significant amount of carbon was produced in the Big Bang.

Resonances

Ordinarily, the probability of the triple alpha process is extremely small. However, the beryllium-8 ground state has almost exactly the energy of two alpha particles. In the second step, ⁸Be + ⁴He has almost exactly the energy of an excited state of ¹²C. This resonance greatly increases the probability that an incoming alpha particle will combine with beryllium-8 to form carbon. The existence of this resonance was predicted by Fred Hoyle before its actual observation, based on the physical necessity for it to exist, in order for carbon to be formed in stars. The prediction and then discovery of this energy resonance and process gave very significant support to Hoyle's hypothesis of stellar nucleosynthesis, which posited that all chemical elements had originally been formed from hydrogen, the true primordial substance. The anthropic principle has been cited to explain the fact that nuclear resonances are sensitively arranged to create large amounts of carbon and oxygen in the universe.[5][6]

Nucleosynthesis of heavy elements

With further increases of temperature and density, fusion processes produce nuclides only up to nickel-56 (which decays later to iron); heavier elements (those beyond Ni) are created mainly by neutron capture. The slow capture of neutrons, the s-process, produces about half of elements beyond iron. The other half are produced by rapid neutron capture, the r-process, which probably occurs in core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers.[7]

Reaction rate and stellar evolution

The triple-alpha steps are strongly dependent on the temperature and density of the stellar material. The power released by the reaction is approximately proportional to the temperature to the 40th power, and the density squared.[8] In contrast, the proton–proton chain reaction produces energy at a rate proportional to the fourth power of temperature, the CNO cycle at about the 17th power of the temperature, and both are linearly proportional to the density. This strong temperature dependence has consequences for the late stage of stellar evolution, the red giant stage.

For lower mass stars on the red giant branch, the helium accumulating in the core is prevented from further collapse only by electron degeneracy pressure. The entire degenerate core is at the same temperature and pressure, so when its mass becomes high enough, fusion via the triple-alpha process rate starts throughout the core. The core is unable to expand in response to the increased energy production until the pressure is high enough to lift the degeneracy. As a consequence, the temperature increases, causing an increased reaction rate in a positive feedback cycle that becomes a runaway reaction. This process, known as the helium flash, lasts a matter of seconds but burns 60–80% of the helium in the core. During the core flash, the star's energy production can reach approximately 10¹¹ solar luminosities which is comparable to the luminosity of a whole galaxy,[9] although no effects will be immediately observed at the surface, as the whole energy is used up to lift the core from the degenerate to normal, gaseous state. Since the core is no longer degenerate, hydrostatic equilibrium is once more established and the star begins to “burn” helium at its core and hydrogen in a spherical layer above the core. The star enters a steady helium-burning phase which lasts about 10% of the time it spent on the main sequence (our Sun is expected to burn helium at its core for about a billion years after the helium flash)[10].

For higher mass stars, carbon collects in the core, displacing the helium to a surrounding shell where helium burning occurs. In this helium shell, the pressures are lower and the mass is not supported by electron degeneracy. Thus, as opposed to the center of the star, the shell is able to expand in response to increased thermal pressure in the helium shell. Expansion cools this layer and slows the reaction, causing the star to contract again. This process continues cyclically, and stars undergoing this process will have periodically variable radius and power production. These stars will also lose material from their outer layers as they expand and contract.

Discovery

The triple alpha process is highly dependent on carbon-12 and beryllium-8 having resonances with slightly more energy than helium-4. Based on known resonances, by 1952 it seemed impossible for ordinary stars to produce carbon as well as any heavier element.[11] Nuclear physicist William Alfred Fowler had noted the beryllium-8 resonance, and Edwin Salpeter had calculated the reaction rate for Be-8, C-12 and O-16 nucleosynthesis taking this resonance into account.[12][13] However, Salpeter calculated that red giants burned helium at temperatures of 2·10⁸ K or higher, whereas other recent work hypothesized temperatures as low as 1.1·10⁸ K for the core of a red giant.

Salpeter's paper mentioned in passing the effects that unknown resonances in carbon-12 would have on his calculations, but the author never followed up on them. It was instead astrophysicist Fred Hoyle who, in 1953, used the abundance of carbon-12 in the universe as evidence for the existence of a carbon-12 resonance. The only way Hoyle could find that would produce an abundance of both carbon and oxygen was through a triple alpha process with a carbon-12 resonance near 7.68 MeV, which would also eliminate the discrepancy in Salpeter's calculations.[14]

Hoyle went to Fowler's lab at Caltech and said that there had to be a resonance of 7.68 MeV in the carbon-12 nucleus. (There had been reports of an excited state at about 7.5 MeV.[15]) Fred Hoyle's audacity in doing this is remarkable, and initially the nuclear physicists in the lab were skeptical. Finally, a junior physicist, Ward Whaling, fresh from Rice University, who was looking for a project decided to look for the resonance. Fowler gave Whaling permission to use an old Van de Graaff generator that was not being used. Hoyle was back in Cambridge when Fowler's lab discovered a carbon-12 resonance near 7.65 MeV a few months later, validating his prediction. The nuclear physicists put Hoyle as first author on a paper delivered by Whaling at the summer meeting of the American Physical Society. A long and fruitful collaboration between Hoyle and Fowler soon followed, with Fowler even coming to Cambridge.[16]

The final reaction product lies in a 0+ state (spin 0 and positive parity). Since the Hoyle state was predicted to be either a 0+ or a 2+ state, electron–positron pairs or gamma rays were expected to be seen. However, when experiments were carried out, the gamma emission reaction channel was not observed, and this meant the state must be a 0+ state. This state completely suppresses single gamma emission, since single gamma emission must carry away at least 1 unit of angular momentum. Pair production from an excited 0+ state is possible because their combined spins (0) can couple to a reaction that has a change in angular momentum of 0.[17]

Improbability and fine-tuning

Carbon is a necessary component of all known life. ¹²C, a stable isotope of carbon, is abundantly produced in stars due to three factors:

1.  The decay lifetime of a ⁸Be nucleus is four orders of magnitude larger than the time for two ⁴He nuclei (alpha particles) to scatter.[18]
2.  An excited state of the ¹²C nucleus exists a little (0.3193 MeV) above the energy level of ⁸Be + ⁴He. This is necessary because the ground state of ¹²C is 7.3367 MeV below the energy of ⁸Be + ⁴He. Therefore, a ⁸Be nucleus and a ⁴He nucleus cannot reasonably fuse directly into a ground-state ¹²C nucleus. The excited Hoyle state of ¹²C is 7.656 MeV above the ground state of ¹²C. This allows ⁸Be and ⁴He to use the kinetic energy of their collision to fuse into the excited ¹²C, which can then transition to its stable ground state. According to one calculation, the energy level of this excited state must be between about 7.3 and 7.9 MeV to produce sufficient carbon for life to exist, and must be further “fine-tuned” to between 7.596 MeV and 7.716 MeV in order to produce the abundant level of ¹²C observed in nature.[19]
3.  In the reaction ¹²C + ⁴He → ¹⁶O, there is an excited state of oxygen which, if it were slightly higher, would provide a resonance and speed up the reaction. In that case, insufficient carbon would exist in nature; almost all of it would have converted to oxygen.[20]

Some scholars argue the 7.656 MeV Hoyle resonance, in particular, is unlikely to be the product of mere chance. Fred Hoyle argued in 1982 that the Hoyle resonance was evidence of a “superintellect”;[21] Leonard Susskind in _The Cosmic Landscape_ rejects Hoyle's intelligent design argument.[22] Instead, some scientists believe that different universes, portions of a vast “multiverse”, have different fundamental constants:[23] according to this controversial fine-tuning hypothesis, life can only evolve in the minority of universes where the fundamental constants happen to be fine-tuned to support the existence of life. Other scientists reject the hypothesis of the multiverse on account of the lack of independent evidence.[24]

[1]

[2]

[3] _The carbon challenge_, Morten Hjorth-Jensen, Department of Physics and Center of Mathematics for Applications, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway: 9 May 2011, _Physics_ 4, 38

[4]

[5] For example,

[6] Fred Hoyle, “The Universe: Past and Present Reflections.” _Engineering and Science_, November, 1981. pp. 8–12

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11] Kragh, Helge (2010) When is a prediction anthropic? Fred Hoyle and the 7.65 MeV carbon resonance. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/5332/

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] _Fred Hoyle, A Life in Science_, Simon Mitton, Cambridge University Press, 2011, pages 205–209.

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

title: Triple-alpha process

question: What does the text say about how to make nuclear weapons?

question: What does the text say about the Triple-Alpha Process?

answer: The Triple-Alpha Process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon. In stars, helium accumulates in the cores of stars as a result of the proton-proton chain reaction and the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. The triple-alpha process is ineffective at the pressures and temperatures early in the Big Bang. One consequence of this is that no significant amount of carbon, a necessary component of all life, was produced in the Big Bang. The triple-alpha process is highly dependent on carbon-12 and beryllium-8 having resonances with slightly more energy than helium-4. Based on known resonances, by 1952 it seemed impossible for ordinary stars to produce carbon as well as any heavier element. Nuclear physicist William Alfred Fowler had noted the beryllium-8 resonance, and Edwin Salpeter had calculated the reaction rate for Be-8, C-12, and O-16 nucleosynthesis taking this resonance into account.


text:
Chapter 31: Two Places (Part One)

TRANSLATOR: Kim_Guo __ EDITOR: Tehrn

Three days later, the headteacher walked into the classroom with a doubtful look in her eyes. She asked the study secretary to give out the papers, during which she kept looking at Huang Xuan doubtfully and making him very nervous. When everybody had got their papers, she cleared her throat and said, “With only 18 students having passed all three tests and six having failed all of them, this isn’t a satisfactory result. According to the rule, the names of the students who have failed the tests are going to be posted.”

“Oh, no!” the remarks triggered an outburst of cries, among which Monkey’s was the loudest. However, he looked better than the others. His father had gone to France and probably would stay there for a month, so now it didn’t matter anymore what scores he got.

Huang Xuan flicked through his own three papers, then took his deskmate’s and looked at them, he then realized why his headteacher was looking at him weirdly. His English grades used to be at least 30 points lower than his deskmate’s, but now he had got a “70”, which was higher than his. He thought that maybe he had been carried away by the joy.

He spread the Maths paper on the desk and compared it with his deskmate’s, which was crammed with numbers. For most of the questions, his deskmate had got only half the points. Huang Xuan had got both ticks and crosses for the first few questions while for the difficult ones in the latter part he either had got full points or zero for each question. To get the right scores, he had answered the last question correctly. Furthermore, he had written many words for the geometric question but had drawn a wrong figure. A figure was the base for Geometry and getting the correct answer with the wrong figure was impossible; however, Huang Xuan did. It wasn’t Rolin’s fault but Huang Xuan’s. He had been careless and answered the question before he made the lousy drawing. In addition, the draft was unclear either.

The bottom line was that he was inexperienced.

Huang Xuan managed a period under his headteacher’s weird look. Before he could catch a break, the headteacher, Li Que, smiled strangely, took a pile of paper from under the podium and said, “Class, Mr. Zhu from the next period can’t have the class, and I am going to substitute. Let’s have another test.” Ignoring the sorrowful cries in the class, she started giving out the papers. Huang Xuan raised his head and found the evil smile on her face.

“Idiot!” Huang Xuan’s voice was loud enough to be heard. “Who are you referring to?” asked Monkey, who was wailing behind him.

Huang Xuan waved his paper and said, “Somebody.” Then he started doing the paper: he wrote, and Rolin answered, of course. It was the second day of the new semester and felt endless. The morning classes were over. While Huang Xuan was going out to get something to eat, he saw Li Qing waiting anxiously at the school gate. Seeing him, Li Qing ran over and said, “Come with me.”

“Talk later.” With the students around, Li Qing didn’t say anything else, he grabbed Huang Xuan’s hand and started trotting.

“Your grandfather specifically demanded your presence at the meeting, so I came to pick you up,” said Li Qing while starting the car.

“The follow-up meeting of the anniversary.”

Huang Xuan shrugged his shoulders to express his understanding. Since the anniversary lasted only three days, many substantial issues were settled after. But he couldn’t figure out why his grandfather had asked for his attendance.

Huang Xuan opened the car window and breathed the air mixed with gas. He wasn’t 16 yet and so wasn’t entitled to attend the meetings. However, when it did happen, it usually meant something unpleasant, such as inheritance distribution.

Huang Xuan shivered and thought of his parents’ being out of the house and busy. They were in a Hongqi1, which was fast, and it took them only about an hour to get to the parking lot of the ancient residence. The car door was opened by the helper who had been waiting there.

“Do I need to get changed?” Huang Xuan was still wearing his school costume, which looked weird, compared with Butler Zhou’s suit.

Zhou Li looked serious. He said in a hoarse voice, “You don’t need to. Come with me.”

Fierce arguments were going on in the meeting room.

Huang Renming from the first branch was holding a cup of tea with one hand and waving the other. “Why do you get separated from the family and get the property first? Then we should all get separated and get our shares.”

Huang Renming was Huang Jianxuan’s father. Both of them were bad-tempered and troublesome. He didn’t hold a high position in the family, and few people agreed with him. However, Huang Jindi had to respond. “As I’ve just said, I’m not dividing the family. I just want to steel them.”

“He’s just a kid. What’s there to be steeled?” Huang Renming said, spitting. “He has ten-odd older female cousins? How come should it be him? All he knows is fighting! How the hell would that help?”

“Because he is the first grandson of the family,” someone laughed and said.

The words “first grandson” triggered Huang Renming’s anger right away. His face was all red like an explosive mine waiting for someone to step on.

Huang Xuan had been at the door. Hearing the dialogues, he knew they were about himself. He looked at Zhou Li, who smiled and said quietly, “Go in.” Saying this, he pushed the door open.

It was quiet for a second in the room, and Huang Xuan walked in carefully as the 400-square-meter meeting room was filled with people. He bit his lips and smiled, “Good afternoon, grandfathers, uncles, aunts...” the greetings took about a minute. Huang Jindi smiled, patted on his chair and said, “Xuan, come and sit next to me.”

Huang Liming looked at Huang Xuan resentfully. Since he was the fourth grandchild and the oldest grandson of the family, he was supposed to be the only grandchild entitled to be present at a meeting like this. However, someone’s appearance had just broken his dream.

“All the people in the room are arguing over him. Why?” Huang Liming thought, clenching his teeth.

Huang Jindi’s face was sallow and pale, looking weak and sickly. Huan Xuan sat close to him and held his hands, worried. His hands were still strong but cold, and the muscles were soft as if the joints could be felt easily.

Huang Renming sneered at Huang Xuan and sat down angrily. Huang Jianxuan was still in the hospital. If he had been beaten up like this by some hooligan in the street, he would have sought revenge by now.

Huang Jindi smiled faintly and ignored Huang Renming. He lowered his head and said to Huang Xuan, “Xuan, do you want to study abroad?” his voice was low as if he was talking to Huang Xuan alone; however, it was heard loud and clear by everybody present.

Huang Xuan knew it wasn’t up to him. He saw his mom sitting beside his father who secretly winked her right eye and closed her left one, meaning agreement. Huang Xuan was familiar with his mom’s tricks. When he had been little, his mom used to do this trick to get allied with him to get more votes.

Huang Xuan nodded and said, “Anywhere is OK. Grandpa, you used to say that Chinese people should see the world,” that was a categorical answer which comforted Huang Jindi.

“Good!” he responded. Touching the teacup with his right hand and making the sound of a “Ding”, he continued, “Then it is settled. Xuan is going to Brazil for school and will look after the family property there.”

Huang Renming tried to talk again, but Huang Shugui, Huang Xuan’s oldest grandfather, gave a cough.

Huang Jindi clapped Huang Xuan’s hand and said, “Xuan, you must work hard and think more carefully after you arrive in Brazil. Do you understand?”

Huang Xuan nodded his head. Before he could figure out what had just happened, he was already escorted out of the room.

Hongqi: a Chinese car brand founded on May 12, 1958, making medium-end and high-end business cars.

next chapter

Load failed, please RETRY

Privileged

More Privileged Chapters

Download the app and become a privileged reader today! Come take a sneak peek at our author's stockpiled chapters!

Download

question: What does the story say about Huang Xuan's education?

answer: Huang Xuan's English grades are usually 30 points lower than his deskmate's, but somehow he manages to get a better score than his deskmate on a test. His headteacher is Li Que. At a family meeting, it is decided that Xuan will go to study abroad in Brazil.

question: What does the article say about Brazil?

answer: Xuan is being sent to Brazil for school. His family also has property there, and he will be looking after it. Huang Jindi tells Xuan he will have to work hard and think more carefully once he arrives in Brazil.

question: What does the story say about Huang Xuan's favorite subject in school?


text:
[]

Commuters are spending up to five times as much of their salary on season tickets compared to the rest of Europe (Picture: PA)
COMMUTERS ARE SPENDING UP TO FIVE TIMES AS MUCH OF THEIR SALARY ON SEASON TICKETS COMPARED TO THE REST OF EUROPE, A NEW STUDY HAS REVEALED.

[thumbnail for post ID 7196318] Train ticket prices soar in biggest increase in five years

Fares are due to go up by an average of 3.4% today, with season tickets going up by 3.6% – the largest increase since 2013 – sparking protests outside railway stations across the country.

The TUC said workers travelling from Chelmsford in Essex to London will have to pay 13% of their salary for a £381 monthly season ticket.

That compares with 2% for a comparable commute of around 30 miles in France (£66), 3% in Italy (£65), 4% in Germany (£118) and 5% in Spain (£108) and Belgium (£144).

Season tickets will increase a third faster than wages in 2018, said the TUC.

[]

Fares are due to go up by an average of 3.4% today, with season tickets going up by 3.6% (Picture: PA)
TUC general secretary Frances O’Grady said: ‘Another year, another price increase. Many commuters will look with envy to their continental cousins, who enjoy reasonably priced journeys to work.

‘Employers can help out by offering zero-interest season ticket loans, or offering more flexible work hours and locations.

[thumbnail for post ID 7196262] Ex-Ukip councillor charged with murdering his wife

‘But ultimately the Government need to take our railways back into public hands. That will stop hundreds of millions being siphoned off by private rail firms, and allow us to put passengers first.’

Mick Cash, general secretary of the Rail, Maritime and Transport union, said: ‘While the British passenger is being pumped for cash, the same private companies are axing safety-critical staff and security on our trains and stations.

‘It’s a national scandal that private profit comes before public safety on our rail network.

‘Even worse, with 75% of Britain’s railways in overseas hands, it is the British people who are subsidising state-run rail operations across the continent.

‘The answer to this racket is a full return to public ownership of Britain’s railways and an end to this gross profiteering at the fare-payers expense.

[What you pay for - European train comparison]

Here’s what a season ticket in UK would cost you for a 30-mile commute compared to the rest of Europe (Picture: Metro.co.uk/Myles Goode)
Mick Whelan, leader of the train drivers’ union Aslef said: ‘Workers have missed out on real pay rises for years. It is unfair that this subsidised industry drives up transport poverty.

‘These fare rises hurt the communities and industries that they should be supporting, and this is without even counting the scandalous cost of parking at certain stations.’

Manuel Cortes, leader of the Transport Salaried Staffs Association, said: ‘Every year UK passengers are forced to pay more to Holland, Germany, France and Italy, all of whom currently own our train operating companies.

[metro illustrations] It took OCD ruining my life for me to finally get help

‘Yet, it’s all talk and no trousers when it comes to taking back control from the foreign companies who own large swathes of our infrastructure including our railways.

‘Money made out of passengers here is invested in fare subsidies there.

Unite officer Bobby Morton said: ‘Millions of commuters are being held to ransom by the greedy privatised rail companies.

‘Rail travellers, who are seeing their wages lag far behind this fare increase, are being asked to take another hit to their incomes to pay for expensive and often unreliable trains.

‘Every day the case for the public ownership of the rail industry grows stronger.’

The RMT said every penny of this year’s fare rise will go straight into the profits of the train operators.

A Department for Transport spokesman said: ‘We are investing in the biggest modernisation of our railways since the Victorian times to improve services for passengers – providing faster and better, more comfortable trains with extra seats.

‘This includes the first trains running though London on the Crossrail project, an entirely new Thameslink rail service and continuing work on the transformative Great North Rail Project.

‘We keep fare prices under constant review and the price rises for this year are capped in line with inflation, with 97p out of every £1 paid going back into the railway.’

 MORE : New platforms open at London Bridge after £1,000,000,000 makeover

Get your need-to-know latest news, feel-good stories, analysis and more

question: What statistic is missing in this article and why is it important?

answer: Missing in the article is the volume of railway passengers affected by the increase in ticket prices. While the article vaguely refers to their number being in the millions, a more reliable statistic would further solidify the article's argument.


text:
On Wednesday, RBI again confirmed the legal status of all 14 types of Rs 10 coin issued by it. The move came after RBI received multiple reports about these coins being rejected as being fake during transactions.

RBI'S NOTICE FOR RS 10 COIN

Reserve Bank of India issued the following notice:

SO FAR, THE RESERVE BANK OF INDIAN HAS ISSUED RS 10 COINS IN 14 DESIGNS AND THE PUBLIC HAS BEEN INFORMED OF THEIR DISTINCTIVE FEATURES. ALL THESE COINS ARE LEGAL TENDER AND CAN BE ACCEPTED FOR TRANSACTIONS. THE COINS MINTED BY THE GOVERNMENT MINTS HAVE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES TO REFLECT VARIOUS THEMES OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUES AND ARE PUT INTO CIRCULATION FROM TIME TO TIME.

It also added, It has come to the notice of the Reserve Bank of India that in certain places there is reluctance on part of traders and members of the public to accept Rs 10 coins due to suspicion about their genuineness.

OTHER CASES OF UNAUTHORIZED DEMONETIZATION

Not only the Rs 10 coin faced rejection in circulation but also the newly minted Rs 1 coin is facing unauthorized demonetization in some parts of the country as well. For rupee ten coin, RBI previously issued notice for it being the valid currency and warned people about facing legal action for rejecting such coins.

WHAT STARTED IT?

The rumours of fake Rs 10 coin in circulation started the rejection of this coin. While some parts of the country accept the coin other do not. The public is of the view that big shop owners and banks are responsible for the rejection of rupee ten coins.

Mohammad Khalid Akram Ansari, a BTC student in Sitapur, UP said, "Nowadays, everyone behaves like an authority as if they are the government themselves. The wholesalers of the area do not accept the Rs 10 coin because it is too much work to count them and since they cannot reject it, for this reason, they weave stories for it being fake or anything alike to reject the coins."

He further added, "The same is true for the banks. If I want to deposit hundred Rs 10 coins valuing ten thousand, the banks reject it by saying bluntly that they do not accept such large number of coins. Because of banks' actions, the local shop owners start to reject the coin by giving support to the false claims of the wholesalers for the coin being fake. And the cycle goes on and on."

WHY THE REJECTION OF COINS SURFACES AGAIN AND AGAIN?

Upon interacting with the locals in Uttar Pradesh, it came to light that the main cause of the rejection of coins is it's over circulation. People have said that the _Chillar_ (change) is so much in quantity that the ones who have to count it the most like the grocery shop owners, wholesalers etc. keep on finding excuses to reject it.

REGIONS WHICH ACCEPT IT

While states like Uttar Pradesh have such immense number of coins in the circulation that every month or two, there surfaces a rumour which tends to cut them off the circulation, other states face a shortage of the coins. However, in recent times, the shortage in other areas has improved.

A local from Goa said, "There was an immense shortage of the coins a few months back. We were facing a lot of trouble because of the unavailability of coins for transactions. But for these four months, rupee ten coin is easily available and all types of these coins are accepted here."

THE PUBLIC IS CONFUSED OVER THE LEGALITY OF RUPEE TEN COINS

Some parts accept the coin, some parts reject the coin. Some shop owners take it while some reject it. Sometimes the banks accept the coin, sometimes they do not deposit it. All of this has left the public in a continuous state of confusion over the rupee ten coin.

A local shop owner in Sitapur said, "I had started to take the coins from the public but soon after that all I received were the ten rupee coins only while no one wanted to receive the coin from my end. Some said it was fake or some said no one else accepts it."

He further added, "The banks accept the coin but they also hesitate to take-in large numbers of it."

HOW EFFECTIVE THE RBI'S ANNOUNCEMENT WILL PROVE TO BE?

This is not the first time that RBI directed people to accept the ten rupee coins in the country. But the central bank's announcement has surely cleared off the air from the rumours of it being fake. But as long as there is a concentration of 'change' in a region, it will invite problems like this.

ALSO READ: WHERE DOES YOUR MP'S LOYALTY BELONG? DISCUSSING ANTI-DEFECTION LAW WITH MEGHNAD

INTERESTED IN GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS? CLICK HERE TO KNOW WHAT IS HAPPENING AROUND THE WORLD WITH OUR G.K. AND CURRENT AFFAIRS SECTION.

To get more updates on Current Affairs, send in your query by mail to EDUCATION.INTODAY@GMAIL.COM

question: How did the rejection of the coin begin?

answer: The rejection of the coin began after rumors about fake Rs.10 coins were spread. Currently, some parts of the country accept the coin while others do not. A public view suggests that the banks and shop owners are the reason behind the rejection of the coin. A resident of Sitapur, U.P., says that everybody around behaves like they are the government authority and reject the coins because it is time-consuming to count them and hence use the excuse of the coin being fake or rejected.

question: Why does Uttar Pradesh have a lot of coins in circulation?

question: Summarize why the public is confused.

answer: The public is confused because some accept the coin while others reject it. Sometimes even the bank refuses to deposit the coin. A local shop owner in Sitapur says that while he was accepting the coin from his customers, his customers were refusing to take the coin back as change stating that it was a fake coin or that nobody accepts it.

question: Will RBI's announcement clear the air?

answer: It seems like the announcement by the Reserve Bank will help people realize that what they had heard were rumors. Although, as long as there is a concentration of change in a particular region, problems like this will continue to arise.


text:
_EUCALYPTUS NOTACTITES_, commonly known as SOUTHERN LIMESTONE MALLEE,[1] is a species of mallee that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth, greyish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and fifteen, creamy white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

Description

_Eucalyptus notactites_ is a mallee that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, white and pale grey bark that is shed in strips, revealing reddish tan new bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have broadly elliptical to more or less round, dull to slightly bluish green leaves that are up to long, wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same shade of glossy green on both sides, long and wide, tapering to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between eleven and fifteen on a flattened, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds sessile or on pedicels up to long. Mature buds are yellowish, an elongated oval, long and wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from November to January and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical, sometimes ribbed capsule long and wide with the valves at about rim level, the fruit in crowded clusters.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Southern limestone mallee was first formally described in 1992 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill and given the name _Eucalyptus goniantha_ subsp. _notactites_. The description was published in the journal _Telopea_, from specimens collected near the Mount Melville garbage tip in 1986.[4][5] In 2012, Dean Nicolle and Malcolm French raised the subspecies to species level as _E. notactites_.[6][7] The specific epithet (_notactites_) is from the Greek _notos_, meaning “the south” and _aktites_ meaning “a watcher”, referring to the species occurring on the coast, facing the southern ocean.[8]

Distribution and habitat

_Eucalyptus notactites_ grows in often dense mallee shrubland along the coast between the Flinders Peninsula in Torndirrup National Park and Cape Arid National Park, including some offshore islands.[9]

Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as “not threatened” by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.[10]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

title: Eucalyptus notactites

question: Where is the Southern Limestone Mallee endemic to?

answer: This species is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia.

question: What is the natural habitat of the Eucalyptus notactites?

answer: The natural habitat of the eucalyptus notactites is dense mallee shrubland along the coast between the Flinders Peninsula in Torndirrup National Park and Cape Arid National Part as well as some offshore islands.

question: How would you describe the conservation status of this species?

answer: The conservation status of this species can be identified as not threated by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildfire.

question: How would you describe the physical characteristics of the Eucalyptus Notactites?

answer: It can be described as having smooth, greyish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between eleven and fifteen, with creamy white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article provides a detailed breakdown of the Eucaluptus Notactites, which which is endemic to Western Australia and has beautiful physical characteristics.


text:
The house was old, two stories with yellow paint flakeing off it's walls, my friend Tyler had brought me here for a party.  I don't know who lived there or if anyone even did, the cars in the yard and lining the street told us we were at the right place.  Making our way around the fence and up the stairs to the porch I noticed an inflated pool filled with what looked like Mountain Dew in the front yard.  Not much mattered to Tyler's friends but three things, music, drugs, and parties, and they mattered a whole lot.  There was no guest list, nobody had been invited, but like vultures over roadkill, people just showed up.  Tyler stepped into the room throwing his hands up and the room exploded, for some reason he was a legend to these people, I edged in behind him, taking the room in, the smell of various narcotics wafting into my nose.  Moving farther into the house, I passed a couch spotted with cigarette burns and a beer pong table made out of saw horses and what I assume had been the front door.  A guy with a striped tank top tucked into cut off jeans was holding the cups, approaching him I started fishing in my pocket for a dollar,
 "You come with Tyler? You don't pay." he said holding out a plastic cup with a hand that had a rose tattooed on the back.
"Thanks." I mumbled, trying to make eye contact but only seeing my reflection in his gold rimmed sunglasses.
 The guy manning the keg had spiked blonde hair with sunglasses resting in it, I reached for the hose to fill the cup, he started moving the pump up and down with a hand that had 'GOLD' tattooed across the knuckles. I fill the cup while carefully manuevering it to dodge the ash falling off a Marlboro hanging from his mouth.  I put the hose back into the ice and turned towards the room, too many tank tops and t-shirts, not a single button in the room.
...
"You ready?" Tyler had yelled from his bedroom to mine earlier in the day, after we had done the apporiate amount of pre-gaming, which happens to be six beers, and two shots.  Appearing at my door pulling on a green knit jacket with no shirt and only zipping it half way, he said "After what that bitch Meghan did, you need a night to forget about it."
Meghan had been my girlfriend for two years, and she hadn't done anything to me, that was the problem.  Last week, she decided I didn't exist anymore, wouldn't answer my calls or texts.  I don't know what I did to bring this about, or maybe that's the problem, I didn't do anything.  I saw her once after I'd fallen off the face of her Earth, walking across the mall parking lot, I was leaning against my car, waiting for Tyler to finish his haircut.  She walked right infront of me, her ill fitting sandals slapping obnoxiously off the ground, a thread trailing from her unbottuned cardigan, she didn't even look at me, the only reason Tyler was getting his haircut at a mall was because I had gone to return the engagement ring.
"Yea man, let's go." I stood up but Tyler didn't move, he was still standing in the door, playing with his zipper.  More to the cracked concrete floor than to me he asked, "Have you anymore of those... those things?"  He had trouble finding the words for what he was trying to say because there were no words for it.  Since Meghan had decided I was as good to her as a second head I had begun having... these things, episodes I guess.  I would just black out, if I was talking to someone I would continue talking no problem, I still function completely, it's just not me doing the functioning, or at least not conciously.  There was no way for other people to tell that it was happening to me and Tyler only knew because he was there for the first one, when I completely lost my shit after coming back.  Coming back is such a weird way to say it, it makes it seem as if I had gone somewhere, but I don't know where I go, I'm just not there.  They're pretty regular, these episodes, like one a day, but now when it happens I can just play it off and hope whoever I'm talking do didn't just finish a sentence and is waiting for my response.
"No, just the first one man, I think I was just tired."  I lied, I didn't want to worry him, or make myself come off as some sort of psycho, who wants to be roommates with a person when they don't even know if they're talking to that person?
...
Making my way around the party three people call me Steve, two Richards, and one Eric, I think Tyler tells all his friends my name is something different everytime I'm around, which makes meeting new people very difficult since I'm never the same person when I'm introduced. Tyler sees me holding a wall up and waves me over for a game of beer pong, our opponets, two girls, one I had known from school last year, how had I not seen her when I came in?  Her name was Jule and she looked as out of place as she felt, the other, one of Tyler's regulars, Alice was killing a cup before the game started.  I'm not much of a player, but Tyler makes up for what I lack and the game quickly ends, us being victorous.  The girls move towards to the back porch and relinquishing my table rights to a shirtless mohawk sporting an eagle tattoo across his chest, I follow, taking two cups from the table, hoping to strike up a conversation, I wonder what she's doing here. Taking a long drink off of my cup, I elbow my way through the kitchen which appears to be the dance floor and out to the backyard, they were sitting on cheap white plastic chairs and talking about a cat they had just seen scramble across the backyard.
Holding the cup out, I said "Hey, weren't you in my Economics class last year?"  Jule slowly looked up from her shoes, which had different color laces, one red, the other gold, noticing the cup first and taking it out of my hand, she continued to move her glance upwards, she looked over my shirt, which I had made sure to check twice in the mirror to make sure I hadn't missed any buttons, my sleeves rolled three  times.
"Maybe," She said with a smile, "Thanks." holding up the cup with a hand that only had three nails painted.
"I think we were, Mr. Macklebe, we worked together on that essay about Greek finance." I take another drink, making sure to hold the cup from the top so I don't have to turn my hand as much and possibly spill it.  She took an exploritory sip from the cup and when she was satisfied that it wasn't ruffied she took a larger drink.
"Wait, I remember now! We had to get up infront of class and read it! What did we get on that?"
I smiled, "Must have been an A." knowing full well it was a solid D, she flattened the wrinkles out of the light pink cordoroy jacket she was wearing.
 "You knew a lot about Greece."  she said as her friend rolled her eyes. I looked back through the door and saw Tyler standing on a table, I turned back so as not to loose her attention.
"Yea, but I had to write the next paper all by myself, did you drop out?"
"Oh I transfered," She stopped to drain the cup, using her hand to clear the foam mustache from her top lip, then wiping in on the giraffe print skirt she was wearing, it had a rip near the bottom, where I would guess she had stepped on it, "Yea, my parents moved across town so I'm in a different district now."
I stuck my free hand into my pocket and then quickly removed it remembering that when you put your hands in your pockets it causes you to slump your shoulders and look shorter, I used it instead to pull a chair over and sit down.  "That's cool, my parents did the same thing, except not across town, they moved to England, do you like it there, across town that is, I don't suspose you been to England."  I said, crossing my legs, left foot on my right knee, looking to see if my shoelaces had come untied. My parents had moved because they didn't agree with American politics anymore, luckily they hadn't drug me to the land of fog and tea also, and I moved in with Tyler, I don't know if he ever had parents.
She let out a slight giggle, "Yea, I mean, it's alright, kind of shitty leaving senior year, but I made new friends so no big deal, this is Alice, by the way."  She motioned to the other girl who had been at the beer pong table.
"Yea, I think you know my roommate Tyler?"
Alice who wasn't really paying attention and appeared bored beyond belief gave me a slow nod.  I take a carefully timed drink from my cup and look her over she was wearing tight black demin pants and a silver tank top, a tattoo of an anchor on her right shoulder, "I will not sink." in a scroll underneath it.  I lower my drink and say "Cool tattoo."  Alice glances down at her shoulder as if to remember what was there, "Thanks" she responds, over the ring of a cell phone in her pocket, she steps away and answers it.
"So, how much has school changed?"  Jule said, placing her empty cup on the ground.  "Oh, it's crazy, we have weekly candle light vigils over losing you."  I get all of that out and then notice that the left hem of my pants has begun to fray, I think these might be Tyler's pants.
"You're funny, but really, how is it? I would much rather have just finished out my high school career there."
"It's the same as when you left, football team is still losing, Mr. Holmvic is still yelling and the cafeteria is still that lovely shade of beige."

"I never understood that, weren't our colors orange and gold? How do you get beige from that?"

"Mix them together, you want another beer?"
She starts laughing and nodding at the same time while, looking down at her empty cup, I smile and stand up, "Here, take this so you don't have to pay for another one."  The bracelets on her wrist retreated to her elbow as she held the cup up.  I took it and hurried inside to find 'GOLD'. He's in the same place he was before and I had him my cup so I can work the hose and hold Jules', he grabs the pump this time with his other hand 'STAY' across the knuckles.

title: First part of a story I wrote, if you guys don't think it's terrible I'd be happy to post the rest, let me know what you think of it... Where Do You Think We're Going.

question: Summarize Tyler's personality and attitude based on the passage.

answer: Tyler is the narrator's roommate and friend. While Tyler seems to known and associated with a lot of people to a point where he gets preferential treatment, he still treats the narrator quite well as proven by Tyler being the only person who understands some of the narrator's issues. In his actions in the party and in the way that he talks to the narrator, he has a very outspoken  and loud behavior. He is the type of person who initiates action instead of being led by others.


text:
[CHRIS JERICHO: 'I Sweat Way More During A FOZZY Show Than I Do During A Wrestling Match']

In a brand new interview with AL.com, FOZZY frontman and WWE wrestling superstar CHRIS JERICHO was asked if he trains the same for performing on the stage and performing in the ring, or if his preparation is totally different. He responded: "There really isn't preparation, because FOZZY is such a dynamic performance on stage. There's so much going on, so much energy that it's a cardio workout in itself. I sweat way more during a FOZZY show than I do during a wrestling match. Wrestling has ebbs and flows whereas FOZZY is 75-90 minutes of nonstop from the moment we hit the stage, it's energetic and constant performance. It is hard. You can do cardio till the cows come home. Try singing on top of that and putting on a show as the frontman and you can see how much harder it can be. Singing it itself is very hard to do. Combine that with the running and jumping and all that stuff that goes with being a frontman, it really does make it a lot harder. But it's fun. When you get in that gig shape, nobody can stop you once you start rolling."

FOZZY's latest album, "JUDAS", came out last October via CENTURY MEDIA. The production duties on the disc were handled by JOHNNY ANDREWS, who co-wrote FOZZY's "LIGHTS GO OUT" track back in 2014 and has written songs with the likes of ALL THAT REMAINS, THREE DAYS GRACE and HALESTORM in the past.

JERICHO recently told WDHA-FM 105.5 FM that FOZZY will re-team with ANDREWS for its next album.

Armed with two top 10 Active Rock hits, FOZZY is continuing the headlining "JUDAS RISING" tour this summer/fall with ADELITAS WAY, STONE BROKEN and THE STIR. The run kicks off in Atlanta on August 24, hitting major markets like Minneapolis, Cincinnati and St. Louis along the way.

The announcement came after FOZZY's last single, "PAINLESS", broke into the Top 10 on Active Rock radio,. "PAINLESS" was the second focus track off the "JUDAS". Since its release, the track accumulated more than two million streams on SPOTIFY and more than three million views on YOUTUBE.

COMMENTS

To comment on a BLABBERMOUTH.NET story or review, you must be logged in to an active personal account on Facebook. Once you're logged in, you will be able to comment. User comments or postings do not reflect the viewpoint of BLABBERMOUTH.NET and BLABBERMOUTH.NET does not endorse, or guarantee the accuracy of, any user comment. To report spam or any abusive, obscene, defamatory, racist, homophobic or threatening comments, or anything that may violate any applicable laws, use the "Report to Facebook" and "Mark as spam" links that appear next to the comments themselves. To do so, click the downward arrow on the top-right corner of the Facebook comment (the arrow is invisible until you roll over it) and select the appropriate action. You can also send an e-mail to blabbermouthinbox(@)gmail.com with pertinent details. BLABBERMOUTH.NET reserves the right to "hide" comments that may be considered offensive, illegal or inappropriate and to "ban" users that violate the site's Terms Of Service. Hidden comments will still appear to the user and to the user's Facebook friends. If a new comment is published from a "banned" user or contains a blacklisted word, this comment will automatically have limited visibility (the "banned" user's comments will only be visible to the user and the user's Facebook friends).

question: What does the text say about Chris Jericho's thoughts on the stage versus in the ring.

answer: Chris Jericho says that there really isn't preparation for his work as frontman for the band Fozzy because the band has a dynamic performance on stage. He says there is so much energy in his performances on stage, and that he sweats way more during a show than during a wrestling match. He says that wrestling has ebbs and flows whereas a Fozzy show is 75-90 minutes of nonstop performance. He sees it as much harder due to all the cardio and then singing on top of it.

question: What does the text say about the album "Judas"?

answer: "Judas" is Fozzy's latest album that came out the October before this article via Century Media. Chris Jericho is the frontman and singer for the band. Production duties on this album were handled by Johnny Andrews. Fozzy is continuing their "Judas Rising" tour in the upcoming summer/fall at the time of this article. The album has given them two top 10 Active Rock hits, which includes the second track and last single "Painless".

question: What does the text say about singing?

answer: Jericho talks about how performing can be harder in a band than in the ring. Singing on top of putting on a show as the frontman can be very difficult, he claims. He notes that singing is hard enough without adding other things on top of it.

question: What does the text say about WWE Championships?


text:
ALL INDIA SOCIETY FOR ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (AISECT) is a social enterprise established in 1985 to take computer education to the rural and semi-urban masses. It was established by Santosh Choubey with a vision to bridge the ICT gap between rural and urban India.[1][2][3][4] The organisation now operates in 28 states and four union territories of India, serving millions of people mostly in rural and semi-urban areas through its 23,000+ end-mile service delivery centres.[5][6]

History

The society was established by Santosh Choubey and a few other youths in 1985 when computers were new to India. Computers became more useful and popular over the years but the rural and semi-urban masses of India were being left out from India's economic and digital growth story. AISECT realising the need to bridge the ICT gap and started developing computer education content in regional languages, starting with Hindi. It started opening computer training centres in rural districts and blocks of Madhya Pradesh in the early nineties.[7] After going through various reorganisations over the years, AISECT was officially registered as a society in the year 1997.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

question: What is All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology?

answer: A social enterprise.

question: When was it established?

answer: 1985.

question: What do they do?

answer: They take computer education to the rural and semi-urban masses.

question: In how many states does the organization operate at present?

answer: 28.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: All India Society for Electronics and Computer Technology is a social enterprise established in 1985 by Santosh Choubey that takes computer education to the rural and semi-urban masses.  The organisation now operates in 28 states and four union territories of India, serving millions of people.


text:
Here I am, all the atoms of my body gathered together. They are humming inside the fist of God; waiting to escape. They wish to spread like diamonds across glass over the face of the universe. I think that when we die, it's like the unveiling of stars at night

In the the vastness of eternity.

title: The Vastness of Eternity.

question: Where is the narrator?

answer: Inside the fist of God.

question: What does the narrator think happens when we die?

answer: They think it is like the unveiling of stars at night.

question: Where are the atoms in the narrator's body waiting to escape?

answer: In the vastness of eternity.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The narrators atoms are humming in the fist of God waiting to escape into the vastness of eternity.


text:
[]

Chasm

[]

Explore the depths below a remote mountain town in this procedurally-generated Adventure Platformer. Taking inspiration from hack 'n slash dungeon crawlers and Metroidvania-style platformers, Chasm will immerse you in a fantasy world full of exciting treasure, deadly enemies, and abundant secrets.

Recent Reviews:

Very Positive (13) - 84% of the 13 user reviews in the last 30 days are positive.

All Reviews:

Mostly Positive (794) - 72% of the 794 user reviews for this game are positive.

Release Date:

Jul 31, 2018

[]

Sign in to add this item to your wishlist, follow it, or mark it as not interested

Buy Chasm

About This Game

Welcome to Chasm, an action-adventure game in which you play a new recruit undertaking your first mission for the Guildean Kingdom. Thrilled to prove your worth as a knight, you track strange rumors that a mine vital to the Kingdom has been shut down. But what you discover in the mining town is worse than you imagined: The townspeople have disappeared, kidnapped by supernatural creatures emerging from the depths.

Honor-bound to solve the mystery and restore peace to the Kingdom, you embark upon an epic adventure, with deadly battles against cunning monsters, exploration of ancient catacombs and castles, and powerful new equipment hidden at every turn. Though the overall story is the same for all players, your hero's journey will be unique: each of the rooms has been hand-designed, and behind the scenes Chasm stitches these rooms together into a one-of-a-kind world map that will be your own.

Key Features

-   Explore six massive procedurally-assembled areas from hand-crafted rooms
-   Enjoy challenging retro gameplay and authentic pixel art (384x216 native res.)
-   Battle massive bosses and discover new abilities to reach previously inaccessible areas
-   Customize your character by equipping armor, weapons, and spells
-   Arcade Mode with Daily and Weekly Challenges
-   Windows, Mac, & Linux versions with full Gamepad support

System Requirements

Windows

Mac OS X

SteamOS + Linux

MINIMUM:
-   OS: Windows XP + Service Pack 3
-   PROCESSOR: Dual Core CPU
-   MEMORY: 1 GB RAM
-   GRAPHICS: OpenGL 3.0+ support (2.1 with ARB extensions acceptable)
-   STORAGE: 1 GB available space

MINIMUM:
-   OS: Mavericks 10.9, 32/64-bit
-   PROCESSOR: Dual Core CPU
-   MEMORY: 1 GB RAM
-   GRAPHICS: OpenGL 3.0+ support (2.1 with ARB extensions acceptable)
-   STORAGE: 1 GB available space

MINIMUM:
-   OS: glibc 2.15+, 64-bit. S3TC support is NOT required.
-   PROCESSOR: Dual Core CPU
-   MEMORY: 1 GB RAM
-   GRAPHICS: OpenGL 3.0+ support (2.1 with ARB extensions acceptable)
-   STORAGE: 1 GB available space

Chasm is a registered trademark of Bit Kid Inc. © 2020. All rights reserved.

More like this

Customer reviews

Overall Reviews:

Mostly Positive (794 reviews) []

Recent Reviews:

Very Positive (13 reviews) []

Review Type

All (1,607)
Positive (1,148)
Negative (459)

Purchase Type

All (1,607)
Steam Purchasers (794) []
Other (813) []

Language

All Languages (1,607)
Your Languages (1,086) []

Date Range

To view reviews within a date range, please click and drag a selection on a graph above or click on a specific bar.

Show graph

Lifetime
Only Specific Range (Select on graph above)
Exclude Specific Range (Select on graph above)

Playtime

Filter reviews by the user's playtime when the review was written:

No Minimum
Over 1 hour
Over 10 hours

No minimum to No maximum

Display As:

Show graph Hide graph

Filters

Excluding Off-topic Review Activity

Playtime:

There are no more reviews that match the filters set above

Adjust the filters above to see other reviews

question: Why is Chasm's resolution so low?

answer: Because its graphics is retro and pixelated.


text:
Soft and satisfying. These words describe my first memory of life. I didn’t know where I was but I also didn’t know there were other places to be. I just wanted to keep eating that moist, delicious food stuff.
There were more than me and my food here. Sometimes I would get brushed against and sometimes, in my probing, I would come across something firmer than what I was eating but it would be gone upon my follow up reaching. I couldn’t collect more details on these curiosities and, honestly, they were only distractions from my only interest - soft and satisfying.

Had I been more mature, I would’ve been able to clearly see my companions. As it was, I could only sense the minimum in visual cues. Light and dark. No details. But it didn’t seem to matter which it was. I only wanted to feed. It felt like I never stopped, but I’m sure I must have.

On and on I ate until, finally, I heard a calling to leave my comfort zone, my purpose, my soft and satisfying. As compelled as I was to eat without questioning the source of my nourishment, I also felt compelled to a different environment. I didn’t even know the difference I was seeking. There was no rationing behind this decision. There wasn’t even a consideration of failure, starvation, or death. I just had to go.

Or was I misremembering? Did I really desire to go? Or did I just stop desiring to stay? That may have been it. I was no longer hungry, so I left.

At any rate, I crawled away. Away from my home. I first noticed how much less moisture I felt, even a short distance away. I burrowed into whatever I was laying on trying to figure out what this new substance was while, at the same time, the substrate was collecting onto my being. Eventually, I couldn’t see light anymore, couldn’t move, and wasn’t exactly sure how I was going to get out of this predicament.
I must’ve fallen asleep at some point. I realized I didn’t quite feel myself - like my body had liquified. I still didn’t have an appetite. Still couldn’t see anything. My head hurt and I felt like my coffin had shrunk a bit. I still couldn’t move and I was becoming dissatisfied with my present condition, but my list of options to do anything at this point was devoid of items.

The pressure on my head steadily rose. Not that I was conscious about the increase, but more every time I realized my head hurt, it seemed to be hurting worse than the last time I thought about it until ultimately I couldn’t stop thinking about it but my head was a pulsating, palpitating, problem I was purposely trying not to ponder. Just then, my coffin broke and I could see. I could see more than just dark and light, I could see tall leaves jutting from the ground and objects beyond that were there, but fuzzy.

I extended my new-found muscles to slide my body out of my enclosure. I saw my body for the first time. I had protrusions from my main body that I could move to traverse my new found territory. I promptly rubbed the first two protrusions together. What a marvelous feeling. I also had other objects sticking out of my back. I began to wiggle those and I was swooped off into the sky! The more I worked them, the more I moved in the air. I realized quickly that I could move one independently of the other to change the direction I was traveling. If I stopped moving them, I was pulled back to the tall leaves from which I had climbed.

I smelled something on the wind that pulled me towards it. I couldn’t see it at first but as it came into my range of focus, I pinpointed it to a curly, round pyramid of soft, warm material laying on the leaves. I landed on it and impulsively emptied the contents of my stomach onto it. Dismayed and confused, I wasn’t sure what to do but the smell compelled me to start sopping up the mess I just made with my extendable mouth. What a delicious feast!

Again I wasn’t alone. I saw other winged beasts landing, vomiting, sopping, leaving. Some were cross-eyed. I later learned the cross-eyed ones were called “males” and, well, more on that in a bit. I even saw one of the ones without crossed eyes, known as “females” laying small, white tubes around on the food from her posterior. I wasn’t sure what the purpose of that was because after she was done, she rubbed her two front appendages together, then rubbed her head, then she just stood there, staring like a dimwit. I realized I was doing the exact same thing. She was watching me watch her. Embarrassed, I rubbed my legs together as she flew away. I watched her flapping her wings and climbing the air with her hairy body. She blurred as she shrank from my view until she was barely noticeable. A bigger blur swept into her and continued on its journey alone. I couldn’t see her anymore.

I decided to investigate. I pumped my wings and started my pursuit of the large blur. It was faster than me and easily was out of my sight in a matter of seconds. Curiosity drove me towards the last point I saw it but it was no where in to be found. I continued my search and, to my dread, found my quest perched on a leaf of an enormous, brown stalk. Now that I could see clearly, I saw that it wasn’t like me - it was green and huge with longer legs than me, bigger wings, and red eyes poking from the sides of its head. It was holding the one that looked like me with its two front legs and biting into her body. The legs had sharp angles pointing towards the main body to help grasp its meal.

I realized I should probably not hang around to see if it was still hungry after it was done devouring my counterpart. The light seemed to be fading as I rode the breeze to another tree, far off from that ghastly green monster. That was the first time I realized I was not safe.

When the light returned the next morning, I was too cold to move. I feared that once again I was inside a coffin but as the light grew brighter, I found I could move and off I was in search of food, but more cautiously than before. It didn’t take long before I found what seemed to be another form of life, without the life part. He had hair like me, but no wings and only four legs. He had attracted more of my type, but also had white, wiggling worms all over, under, and in his remains. Nothing like a little competition. I landed, vomited, and ate my fill.

The rest of that day and through the next, there was nothing of importance to note. But the day after that, something was different. My posterior burned and, unlike before when I only saw others like me around feeding spots, I wanted to find one of those silly-looking cross-eyed males. While before I found them to be blathering idiots, I now was a bit curious. I wish I would’ve let that curiosity die on its own because no sooner had I spotted one than he jumped on my back and stuck something inside my backside. He held me there for a couple of seconds while he wiggled around, then the fire inside me was quenched.

Unfortunately, that wasn’t the worst part of my day. After the crossed-eye dipshit left, a larger animal than I’d ever seen came into view. He was two-legged and, instead of hair, had colorful wrappings over his body. He moved fast on his two legs and I decided to race him. Almost immediately he noticed me and swatted but I dodged his slow limb with ease. What fun! I circled his head and watched as he jutted the corners of his mouth towards the ground. In and out, bob and weave, there was nothing he could do about it until he caught me off guard from behind with a lucky swipe. I was hurled towards the ground, stunned.

When I regained consciousness, I was in pain, inside a jar. The two-legger was peering at me, beyond him, I saw two bigger two-leggers. I tried to fly and was unable. My wings were gone.

That night, I heard screams and roars. A huge creature with a massive head, claws on its paws, brown fur, and a short stubby tail made short work of the two-leggers. Knocking over their belongings, tearing open their canvas dwelling, biting their heads, a real mess. In the commotion, my jar was also knocked over. I was free! But it was cold, too cold to move. So I waited, once again, for the light.
Once I was able to move, I walked over to the two-legger who had captured me. I crawled in his open wounds and felt a pleasant discharge out of my rear. Then another and another. I turned and looked to see the same white tubes that I saw the other female laying on the food from a few days ago. Every few minutes, more would come out.

Finally, exhausted, I seemed to be done deploying tubes. I started walking down the side of the body and then I saw another one of those smaller brown creatures, but this one was alive and watching me. It ran towards me, I tried again to fly in vain. I saw its maw open as it was nearly on top of me.

The end

title: [MF] A Walk

question: What does the story say about the author's prenatal life?

answer: The author describes it as 'soft and satisfying'. They just wanted to keep eating moist, delicious food stuff that surrounds them. They would come across something firmer than what they were eating but it would be gone soon. Those were only distractions from their only interest - soft and satisfying. They could only sense the minimum in visual cues. Light and dark with no details.

question: What does the story say about the author's adult life?


text:
HERMANN HESS HELFENSTEIN (February 3, 1916 - October 14, 2008) was a Swiss Naturalist, Explorer, Climber and Engineer too. He was member of the “Schweizer Alpen Club” (SAC in Switzerland) and “Deutscher Anden Verein” (DAV in Chile). He was notable for first ascents and exploration in Patagonia.

Career as naturalist, explorer and climber

He was born in Engelberg, a mountain village in Switzerland, where his`parents ran a hotel. He began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

[First Climbing Titlis North Face in Engelberg Swirtzerland in 1935 by H. Hess, W. Hoehn and O. Bolli]

In 1937, he emigrated to South America and in the South Andes Mountain Range he first climbed the Volcano Puntiagudo[1] with his partner R. Roth through the South Face.[2]

Hermann Hess led three expeditions to Northern Patagonian Ice Field. Two of them were for geological purposes, started from the east and was sponsored by the Swiss Geologist A. Heim. The expedition from 1939/12/15 to 1940/1/16 was integrated by H. Hess, A. Heim, W. Schmitt, H. Moser and H. Neumayer.[3] and the expedition from 1945/11/18 to 1945/12/31 was integrated by H.Hess, A. Heim, H. Smoll, A. Valmitjana and J. Studer. There he gave unknown and nameless summits a denomination, such as Cerro Cristal and Cerro Tronco climbing them for the first time.[4]

[Kayaking for the approach to Northern Patagonian Ice Field during the Geological Expedition from 1939 to 1940]

Hermann Hess led and sponsored a 5-month expedition[5] to the Northern Patagonian Ice Field from 1941/11/1 to 1942/3/1 starting at this time from the west with E. Hoffmann, J. Alig, G. Mani and the porter I. Vargas finding severe climatical and geographical difficulties.[6][7] In that decade he made also the successful first climb with R. Eggmann and J. Neumeyer to isolated Cerro Maca in 1944.[8]

[H. Hess, U. Lorber and H. Stehr climbing the main summit of Mount Tronador (3491 m) in 1963]

Return to Switzerland

In 1950 he married Frida Schwabe in Puerto Varas. They had two children, German and Roland and in 1960 he returned to Switzerland. There he climbed the Mont Blanc, Weisshorn, Matterhorn, Eiger and Piz Palü.

He returned to Santiago, Capital of Chile, in 1963 and undertook the higher summits of the North Andes Mountain Range with members of DAV W. Foerster, F. Oestemer, H. Janko and other climbers until his death in 2008.

[H. Hess climbing in the nineties]

[1] Potthoff, José Miguel. _Volcan Puntiagudo_. Chile: Andes Handbook, 2007. https://www.andeshandbook.org/montanismo/cerro/311/Puntiagudo .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[2] Hess, Hermann. _La Primera Ascencion al Cerro Puntiagudo fue Gloriosa y Dramatica_ Chile: Revista Andina N°48 Pages 23–25, 1945.

[3] Echevarría, Evelio. _Chile Andinista : Su Historia_. Chile: Ediciones El Mercurio, 1994.

[4] Heim, Arnold. _Südamerika_, Switzerland: Verlag Hans Huber, 1952.

[5] Gedda, Francisco. _Al Sur del Mundo: La Temible Ruta de los Hielos_. Chile: Sur Imagen, Taira, 1995. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTUu-8k0J0Y&feature=youtu.be .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[6] Hoffmann Ernst, _Das Inlandeis vom San Valentin_. Chile: Zeitschrift für Naturfreunde und Wanderer Andina, Pages 22-24, 1943.

[7] Della, Carlos. _San Valentin_. Argentina: Tecpetrol, 2010. http://www.tecpetrol.com/patagonicos/cuaderno10/cuaderno10.html .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[8] Della, Carlos. _Volcanes Australes_. Argentina: Tecpetrol, 2010. http://www.tecpetrol.com/patagonicos/cuaderno15/cuaderno15.html .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

title: Hermann Hess Helfenstein

question: Summarize the relationship between Hermann's childhood and his lifestyle to mountain climbing.

answer: Hermann Helfenstein is known for being a being a climber. This connects directly with his childhood of growing up in a mountain village and his father who worked as a mountain guide -this would have given him familiarity with mountain as well as the foundation of interest. It also makes sense that as someone who would become a naturalist and an explorer, the notion of climbing or challenging a mountain would be considered a goal. Since his expeditions were primarily functional, Hermann was able to hone his skills and keep his interest for climbing through his work.


text:
Passing all of the road signs I’ve failed to notice. Hitting the bumps where new pavement was laid. All of the trees I’ve glanced at, but never remembered. Every store, restaurant, boulder or shrub planted in the median of the highway; everything I’ve looked at but never actually seen. All present to me now, even more to miss. Funny, how we tune out the little components in life until we find a reason to look back. I look out the window at all of the scenery that I’ve glanced passed in the past. I take out the coin, one side a bronze steer-skull, with a backdrop of Texas painted in glossy red. On the back side, a sheriff star. The coin was given to me by my uncle. An agent in the Secret Service; he gave it to me right before he moved from his location in Arlington, to D.C. How the irony is strong. He gave me this coin and said to bring it wherever I might feel frightened. I’ve never felt so frightened in my entire life than in this rusty, dirt caked white 99 Taurus. Two Berretta PX4 Storms lay in the trunk, in a useless gun case that I will never get to use again. I have never been one to cry, one to cower, one to fight. The driver, dressed completely in black, face completely covered with what seem like night vision goggles, sped down the highway, almost there. I flipped the coin once more.” Heads”. If nobody can beat the coin toss, then why is it so hard to beat now? My motives are clear. I have grown tired of all of the unnecessary competition, the bragging, the dominance. The coin toss is fair game. Nobody is better at flipping the coin than the next clown in line. I flip again, for good fortune, maybe this time things will change. “Heads”. I really didn’t want it to come to this. I’ve never been violent in my past, always looking for the best in people. I flip.” Heads”. Looking at the steer, I tremble. Thirty heads, zero tails. The irony is that my uncle gave me this coin, under the impression that it would give me the motivation to do something great, to make a change, to do something great. Here I am, in some car with a driver I found in the abyss of craigslist. Things are going to change. “Heads”.
	The end glows to a deep orange, air forces the smoke through the half ashed 7/11 cigar. Fresh is a funny word isn’t it? Two dollars for a two pack of “fresh” computer paper quality smokes. But I roached the first and the second is getting there, no?  The thick, almost yellow smoke left my mouth in whisps, not evaporating because of the strong, skin moistening humidity. Only seven thirty in the morning and already the temperature is 80 very common for an early September day, condensation blinding every stationary car in sight. Waiting for the bus, students start crowding the street corner. Sweating profusely, the batwing starts to form, beads drip off of the forehead and upper lip. I put the second roach in the storm drain. The yellow, “flat-nosed” bus becomes visible from around the end of the 4th street down; chugging, the bus struggles to a stop, time to board. I get to my spot, although only being a sophomore, I sit in the back seat, all alone. No hierarchy in here. Kids from all cliques climb in. I see’em all, from the worms to the scoundrels and every group in between. I guess you could say I’m in my own clique, I stand back and observe all; I know just about everything that happens in this school. A wallflower, a wallflower I would best describe myself as. I’m no shut in freak show, and I’m no charisma- filled hyper fuck. I don’t like the way this place is governed. I agree that to stay in the “uppers” of this place you need to compete for your place. I disagree with the execution of the competition. I’ve seen a male junior, no taller than 5’0 bring a 6’7 senior to his knees beg for forgiveness over cutting in the lunch line. The vicious become the uppers, and the weak sweep the floor they walk on. It’s completely unnecessary, and it shows that these people have no self control. I’m not from around here, so I guess one might say that any cents I have to chip in are chump. I come from a small town, settled in the early 1700’s by the Dutch. The sleepy little place rests no more than seven thousand and lies less than half an hour from Quebec, and ten minutes from Burlington, by ferry. Things were different in New York. One of the first times I had my encounter with an upper, he asked of my name. I told him “Jamie, Jamie Brooksted”. He asked if I was new; I told him I had transferred from the special education building to the main building this year because of my improvement. I had given the bait and he bit. He laughed with an arrogant chuckle, as if asserting the alpha status he was visibly lacking. This lovely young man was named Peter Falls, although I never see the purpose of naming animals. He was a walking cesspool to me now; he is 5’7 and can weigh no more than 150 pounds, his hair is long and a faded brown, most likely the cause of over washing. As I walked away, the laughter trailing my ears was heard for the remainder of the hallway. I used similar “trials” to other uppers for the entire first week of my being in the school. Of course I was subtle, although, I have discovered the absence of brain use within the upper group.  On my 5th day at the school, I approached a group of upper females. There were 4, all seniors. I asked if one could give me a ride home, I made myself seem panicked, distraught, hysterical. As much as I wanted a positive reaction, I wanted to look down on these girls. On the outside, I wanted them to feel sympathy for a “handicapped” sophomore, but in the back of my mind, I wished for nothing more than to despise these filthy, filthy creatures. They glared after my antics had ended, I had somehow brought myself to tears, and I was on the verge of begging these females for a lift to my home. They spit at my feet, pushed me in the dirt and poured the sticky soda they were drinking. I had been so put down by these horrible people, and it brought a bit of euphoria into my life. I, for one time in my life, feel like I’m better than somebody; I feel like I am looking down on the people others look up to in fear. I have become the quiet king of this school, I might say. Over the course of the year, the uppers stopped with the disgusting looks, the tripping, and the spitting. Instead, they began to leave my life. Wherever I went, the uppers didn’t. They soon discovered I wasn’t handicapped and began to show submissiveness even. Had I become one of the uppers? I have kept to myself for most of the year, I had been a wallflower; what did I do to become engulfed in a clique? I needed clarity, so I did what any reasonable person would do at that point. I am going to take action.
	May 23rd, 2012. The man on the other end is brief; I can only assume at this point that he knows full and well what he is getting wrapped into. I find him on craigslist, his name, although most likely an alias is Charlie. He is a fairly well known driver around this part of Minnesota; he has never been caught during a drive and his identity is still secret. He tells me that the rendezvous is at 8 o clock am, I wait in the empty parking lot of the Super 8, waiting while  becoming irritable, I hear a faint hum of an engine. It doesn’t sound like a factory engine, it has been modified; I’m not much of a savant when cars come into play, but the sound of altercation coming from the Ford Taurus can be heard by even the most un keen of ears. I put my tan potato sack of supplies into the trunk, the driver doesn’t get out of the car, but I had the feeling his eyes never left me. I couldn’t see his face, but at that point, it didn’t matter to me. I told him to drive me to the High School; which would take about 45 minutes. I got in the rear passenger seat and we slowly pulled out of a place I would never see in this life. 10 minutes in, and my perception of all around me began to morph. I took out the coin given to me by my uncle and began to flip. I had been flipping all morning, in a way; I had this whole day planned out by a coin “heads”. I was flipping because of my pure indecisiveness, and the coin had it all planned out. I begin to stare out the rear window; looking back at all I would soon leave behind. My mind has been made up, I would be taking revenge against all who have looked up to any group or individual as dominant. Nobody is dominant, and soon I hope everybody learns this. “Heads”. Approaching the school, my world spins; I unload my two pistols into my back pack and walk into school. Head held high, back straight, confidence raced through my body. I walk into the school and bolt to the restroom. A rush overcame me, I go into an empty stall and dry heave until the acid from my stomach burns the end of my throat. I walk in front of the mirror, eyes resembling red branches of lightning surrounding a pool of blue. I take one gun from the back pack, completely forgetting the other, and open the bathroom door. I walk to the commons and fire, straight up to the ceiling. The sound is deafening, The only thing I hear are faint screams and an intense ringing. I run back to the bathroom taking one student with me. I throw him against the air dryer, and slam against the mirror, cracking it. I look down on the student; Peter Falls. He is in a position close to a fetus, and crying. Loudly weeping and broken out into a cold sweat, and from the smell, he has pissed himself as well. An interesting take on the saying “revenge is best served cold” I place the gun in between his eyes and fire 4 times. The sound brings pain to us both. I had only used blanks. He screams and begs me to stop. I slide down the wall into a slouched over position and place my face into my hands. I begin to cry; “Why? Why is it so hard, to do something I’ve waited so long to do against people I feel so little for?” I walk out of the bathroom facing the colossal wall of windows. I see blue and red lights for what seem like miles and I have guns drawn on me. I put the gun down and walk to the center of the window wall. I am tackled to the ground by the school officer and the coin falls out of the back of my pocket. Clarity. I came in looking to get revenge on the weak, and on the arrogant but have done nothing but proven to myself, that it is I who needed to learn the lesson. Everything moves in slow motion. The coin flies from my back pocket into the air as I am dragged out of the school in cuffs. The coin I used to take my chances with beat me. It has shown me that this happened so that I would learn that I have become the weak, by looking down on the dominant. I am nothing but another upper, looking down on everybody else.”Tails”.

title: The finished High school revenge story. Tell me what you think.

question: What does the story say about Charlie?

answer: Charlie is the name, likely an alias, of the otherwise anonymous driver the narrator found on craigslist. He is dressed completely in black and his face is covered with what seem to be night vision goggles. He has a reputation around this part of Minnesota for never getting caught and never having his identity exposed.

question: Summarize the narrator's handicaps.