text:
In ELECTROCHEMISTRY, a THERMONEUTRAL VOLTAGE is a voltage drop across an electrochemical cell which is sufficient not only to drive the cell reaction, but to also provide the heat necessary to maintain a constant temperature. For a reaction of the form

_O__x_ + _n__e_− ↔ _R__e__d_

The thermoneutral voltage is given by

_E__t__n_ = −_Δ__H_/(_n__F_)=(_Δ__H__R__e__d_ − _Δ__H__O__x_)/(_n__F_)

where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and _F_ is the Faraday constant.

Explanation

For a cell reaction characterized by the chemical equation:

_O__x_ + _n__e_− ↔ _R__e__d_

at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the Nernst equation:

_E_ = −_Δ__G_/(_n__F_)=(_Δ__G__R__e__d_ − _Δ__G__O__x_)/(_n__F_)

where ΔG is the Gibbs energy and _F_ is the Faraday constant. The standard thermodynamic voltage (i.e. at standard temperature and pressure) is given by:

_E__o_ = −_Δ__G__o_/(_n__F_)=(_Δ__G__R__e__d__o_ − _Δ__G__O__x__o_)/(_n__F_)

and the Nernst equation can be used to calculate the standard potential at other conditions.

The cell reaction is generally endothermic: i.e. it will extract heat from its environment. The Gibbs energy calculation generally assumes an infinite thermal reservoir to maintain a constant temperature, but in a practical case, the reaction will cool the electrode interface and slow the reaction occurring there.

If the cell voltage is increased above the thermodynamic voltage, the product of that voltage and the current will generate heat, and if the voltage is such that the heat generated matches the heat required by the reaction to maintain a constant temperature, that voltage is called the “thermoneutral voltage”. The rate of delivery of heat is equal to TdS/dt where _T_ is the temperature (the standard temperature, in this case) and _dS/dt_ is the rate of entropy production in the cell. At the thermoneutral voltage, this rate will be zero, which indicates that the thermoneutral voltage may be calculated from the enthalpy[1].

_E__t__n_ = −(_Δ__G_ + _T__Δ__S_)/(_n__F_)= − _Δ__H_/(_n__F_)=(_Δ__H__R__e__d_ − _Δ__H__O__x_)/(_n__F_)

An example

For water at standard temperature (25 C) the net cell reaction may be written:

$$H_2O \leftrightarrow H_2(g) + \frac{1}{2}O_2(g)$$

Using Gibbs potentials (ΔGH2Oo = −237.18 kJ/mol) [2][3], the thermodynamic voltage at standard conditions is

_E__o_ = −_Δ__G__H_₂_O__o_/(2_F_)≈
 1.229 Volt (2 electrons needed to form H₂(g))

Just as the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen generates heat, the reverse reaction generating hydrogen and oxygen will absorb heat. The thermoneutral voltage is (using ΔHH2Oo = −285.83 kJ/mol)[4][5]:

_E__t__n__o_ = −_Δ__H__H_₂_O__o_/(2_F_)≈
 1.481 Volts.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Thermoneutral voltage

question: What does the text say about voltage regulators?

question: What does the text say about Thermoneutral Voltage?

answer: In Electrochemistry, a thermoneutral voltage is a voltage drop across an electrochemical cell which is enough to drive the cell reaction and provide the heat needed to maintain a constant temperature. Cell reaction is endothermic, meaning it will extract heat from its environment. The Gibbs energy calculation assumes an infinite thermal reservoir to maintain a constant temperature. In a practical case, the reaction will cool the electrode interface and slow the reaction there. If the cell voltage is increased above the thermodynamic voltage, the product of that voltage and the current will generate heat. If the generated heat matches the heat needed to maintain a constant temperature, that voltage is called the "thermoneutral voltage".


split: test

text:
Dr. KESHAVAREDDY [1] SUDHAKAR is an Indian politician who is the current Health Minister and Medical Education Minister of Karnataka. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Chikkaballapur in the 2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress and later was Re-elected to the house in 2019 as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.[2][3][4][5]

He is the youngest cabinet minister in the Fourth B. S. Yeddyurappa ministry being only 46 years old at the time of taking charge, serving as the Minister of Medical education from Health and Family Welfare Department.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka he was part of the COVID-19 Response team for Karnataka along with Chief Minister B. S. Yeddyurappa and Minister of Health and Family Welfare B. Sriramulu and few others. He was key participant of many key policy making and rapid response to the pandemic.[6][7]

[1] MYNETA}}

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] https://www.livemint.com/news/india/karnataka-government-forms-rapid-response-teams-to-contain-coronavirus-11583316625193.html

[7]

title: K. Sudhakar (politician)

question: When was Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar first elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly?

answer: Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 2018.

question: What response team was Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar a part of?

answer: Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar was part of the COVID-19 Response team for Kamataka.

question: What party does Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar belong to?

answer: Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party.

question: How much money does Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar make?

answer: Not answered.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article gives a brief description of the work of Dr. Keshavareddy Sudhakar, and Indian politician and the current Health Minister and Medical Education Minister of Kamataka.


text:
The Scorching

“I remember one day of winter,” my grandfather looked mistily out the twelve inch synthesized window. He’s one of the few in our colony that knows of winter first hand. I have brought him to the observation point on the western end of The Dome at his request. This is his response to my request to tell us of how life felt in the days before artificial air and extreme heats of the wastelands. “The wind whisked down my neighborhood just as I stepped out into the white blanket on my porch. A chill ran up my legs but I hardly noticed, my friends were already playing across the street. Hmpff, I couldn’t have been taller than I am now.” He looks to me with a smile. “We spent the entire day by the hill behind Wilson’s house. We took sleds and lids down that hill, trying to guide it down to an alley so we could go the farthest. We didn’t stop till we saw a couple girls from school cutting through the alley. Linda Mould and Susan P. Cole,” He turns to me with a special grin. Susan P. Cole was my grandmother.

“I jumped line when I saw them, knew it was a special one the second I started. The boys whopped and hollered behind me, they knew it too. Susan and Linda had to leap from my way just as I flew by and crashed right into the Ralman’s garbage cans. Didn’t think about how I’d stop, never do at that age. No one did in those days.” Something in his voice changes. The mist in his eyes is more of a water haze now, he points to the empty horizon. “I use to see homes, grass, animals, and clouds. I never new that hope for the future was artificial till the mechanics of the world were stripped from us. It didn’t matter what we did to try and stop it neither.” I can see him slipping into more painful memories so I request him to point out when exactly he noticed the world changing first hand.

“Changes? Well them happen often and often.” (He means to say changes happen a great deal and always.) “Well, the first time I realized the talk was true was I woke up in some pain, not a good deal, but enough to shake you to. Round the time I was leaving college I suppose. I looked around my bed for whoever woke me, Susan hadn’t been over that night so I couldn’t figure out who’d hurt my arm. It was near midday and I had spent the better half of the morning sleeping off the night before. I wanted to sleep some more but the sun was slipping between my blinds and onto the side of my bed. I got up to close the drapes, but first to peak outside. I was looking for anyone of note when I noticed warmth and a near instant sting all over my face. I leapt back and closed the drapes. I felt relief right away. I knew it, right then, I knew it. The sun was burning like they said it was, hot and fast. My first thought was to call Susan and see if she was feeling it too.”

It’s not long after that our history lessons pick up, reminding those of us who weren’t yet here that the earth was becoming barren. My grandfather was one the first selected to one of the science division domes. The structures we all have been raised were in fact substitutes for an atmosphere we never knew, so we could have a life we never could have hoped for. “I broke through as a design engineer. Interning for the great Doctor Kepling. Now that man could work, spend entire months ruining chalk boards and burrowing floors with his pacing. I nearly didn’t sleep in my time there trying to keep up with him and the three kids at home. No one really knows his name anymore, yet his design saved what’s left of us.” His sigh holds a lot of weight out of his chest. I decide its time to broche a subject that has been refrained from in my family for years now.

I ask him as gently as possible, what happened in the evacuation. There is a long pause and silence before he can gather the breath to speak. The gruffness I had grown up knowing is back, he is the old man in the recliner I know again. “We…We only got the news of The Flare just as it started. I was at home sleeping in as I had the day off and Susan…Susan should have been shopping. The phone call came and the doctor himself was frazzled. I could tell before he said anything it was happening. I was to stunned to really hear him after that, he said he just wanted to make sure I made it and hung up. I forced myself out of bed and put these packs of necessities and valuables we had made in case it did come. I heard the kids downstairs playing, I yelled for them to get up and get there stuff ready. They knew what I meant but I don’t think they truly new what it meant.” My father swears it was all too quick to remember. One day your breathing humid air, the next day it’s artificial. Kids his age hardly caught on to the significance of things as they went.

“Once we were all packed I rushed the kids out to the car. It was so bright out I could hardly see my way to the car, still I had to find Susan. I had lugged her bag to car with mine. I was going to drive strait to the market to find her. I’ve sweat often before and since then, but I doubt any compared to that day. We got there and I can remember my sprint to the door seeming to last far to long to be a couple dozen feet. I burst through the door and screamed for her, Susan! Susan!” His outcry catches me off guard, “I ran back and forth through the aisles still she is not there. I looked to my watch, If I was to save my children I couldn’t wait any longer. I’d have to hope she received the message and caught the follow up busses to one of the others.

When I returned to car and began to head for my designated dome, it was clear the word was out. People we rushing all about in a frenzy. I don’t ever think I’ve seen such horror on so many men and women’s faces as on that day. I told the kids to duck down so they wouldn’t see. I speed out from our town into the dessert sands towards the dome. I think I was one of the last through, they closed those giant glass doors a little after we passed through.” After this he holds his head in his hands in silent hiding of his face. My Aunt recalls him braking down and crying over the wheel till some nice man came to get them from the back seat. They didn’t see him again for a week. My grandmother was never found, nor has our family ever discussed her final whereabouts.

From there the rest of the word documents well our methods to survival. Two generations of struggle-less survival, made us able to be complacent again. We should stay vigilant in pursuit of the solution; we should never allow ourselves to simply survive, but also to live. Even if it is only our grandchildren who will truly be unscathed. Never may we forget what great human loss we suffered in the Scorching.

title: The Scorching

question: What happened in the Schorching?

answer: It is clear that the Sun had already burned much of the Earth's atmosphere before the Schorching. However, after many years of work, the narrator's grandfather remembers a day that a solar flare came and decimated the atmosphere of Earth. Luckily the people had had time to build domes with artificial atmosphere and most of the population was evacuated to these domes.


text:
SENIORS RECREATION COUNCIL OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA is an advocacy organisation situated in Western Australia that organises events, and activities that benefit older members of the population.

It organises Have a Go Day, a major event for the organisation each year.[1][2]

It also publishes and produces online material of a range of materials that encourage healthy and active living for older people.[3]

Notes

Category:Organisations based in Perth, Western Australia Category:Seniors' organizations Category:Old age in Australia

[1] http://www.srcwa.asn.au/have-a-go-day-2019-a-livelighter-event-lists-of-activities-now-available/ Livelighter event of Have a go day 2019

[2] https://www.miragenews.com/mcgowan-government-boosts-support-for-seniors-recreation-council/

[3]

question: What is the Seniors Recreation Council of Western Australia?

answer: The Seniors Recreation Council of Western Australia is an advocacy organization that organizes events and activities that benefit the older population.

question: Which is the major event organized by it?

answer: The major event organized by the Seniors Recreation Council of Western Australia is the "Have a Go Day".

question: How does the Seniors Recreation Council of Western Australia help senior citizens?

answer: It regularly publishes a range of online materials that encourage healthy and active living for older people.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Seniors Recreation Council of Western Australia is an organization that works towards the well-being of senior citizens. It organizes numerous events every year, including "Have a Go Day". It also publishes a wide range of online materials that encourage healthy living for older people.


text:
RED WILLOW COUNTY is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 11,055.[1] Its county seat is McCook.[2]

In the Nebraska license plate system, Red Willow County is represented by the prefix 48 (it had the forty-eighth-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).

History

Red Willow County was formed in 1873. It was named for the Red Willow Creek. The name is reported to be a mistranslation of the Dakota Indian name _Chanshasha Wakpala,_ which literally means Red Dogwood Creek. The Dakota referred to the creek thusly due to red dogwood shrubs that grew along the creek banks. Its stem and branches are deep red in color, and it is favored in basket making.[3]

Geography

Red Willow County lies on the south line of Nebraska. The south boundary line of Red Willow County abuts the north boundary line of the state of Kansas. The Republican River runs easterly through the north-central part of the county. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, sloping to the east. The portions of the terrain in the drainage basins are used for agriculture.[4] The county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water.[5]

Major highways

-   [] U.S. Highway 6
-   [] U.S. Highway 34
-   [] U.S. Highway 83
-   [] Nebraska Highway 89

Adjacent counties

-   Furnas County – east
-   Decatur County, Kansas – south
-   Rawlins County, Kansas – southwest
-   Hitchcock County – west
-   Frontier County – north

Protected areas

-   Red Willow Reservoir State Wildlife Management Area (part)[6]

Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census,[7] there were 11,448 people, 4,710 households, and 3,188 families in the county. The population density was 16 people per square mile (6/km²). There were 5,278 housing units at an average density of 7 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.55% White, 0.16% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 2.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,710 households, out of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.50% were married couples living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.90% under the age of 18, 8.80% from 18 to 24, 24.60% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 19.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,293, and the median income for a family was $40,279. Males had a median income of $27,768 versus $18,768 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,303. About 7.60% of families and 9.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.40% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

-   Bartley
-   Danbury
-   Indianola
-   Lebanon
-   Marion
-   McCook (county seat)
-   Perry
-   Shippee

Politics

Red Willow County voters have been reliably Republican for several decades. In no national election since 1936 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate (as of 2016), and only five total from 1900 to the present.

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third Parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |82.4% _4,258_   style=“text-align:center;” |12.5% _645_     5.2% _267_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |78.8% _3,891_   style=“text-align:center;” |19.3% _952_     1.9% _93_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |74.1% _3,735_   style=“text-align:center;” |24.1% _1,216_   1.8% _93_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |78.5% _4,129_   style=“text-align:center;” |20.1% _1,055_   1.4% _74_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |73.2% _3,680_   style=“text-align:center;” |23.6% _1,188_   3.1% _157_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |62.1% _3,112_   style=“text-align:center;” |27.2% _1,365_   10.7% _534_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |46.8% _2,500_   style=“text-align:center;” |21.8% _1,166_   31.4% _1,676_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |68.2% _3,331_   style=“text-align:center;” |30.9% _1,511_   0.9% _43_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |79.7% _4,131_   style=“text-align:center;” |19.8% _1,026_   0.5% _27_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |76.7% _4,050_   style=“text-align:center;” |17.0% _899_     6.2% _329_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |61.9% _2,978_   style=“text-align:center;” |35.8% _1,722_   2.3% _110_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |79.9% _3,701_   style=“text-align:center;” |20.1% _931_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |67.0% _3,066_   style=“text-align:center;” |25.0% _1,145_   8.0% _364_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |53.1% _2,740_   style=“text-align:center;” |46.9% _2,416_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |66.9% _3,890_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.1% _1,922_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |70.1% _3,806_   style=“text-align:center;” |29.9% _1,625_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |73.1% _4,433_   style=“text-align:center;” |26.9% _1,631_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |53.8% _2,610_   style=“text-align:center;” |46.2% _2,238_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |59.3% _3,107_   style=“text-align:center;” |40.7% _2,132_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |55.7% _3,119_   style=“text-align:center;” |44.3% _2,481_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |36.5% _2,078_   style=“text-align:center;” |60.5% _3,445_   3.0% _169_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |35.3% _1,972_   style=“text-align:center;” |62.2% _3,479_   2.5% _141_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |66.1% _3,559_   style=“text-align:center;” |32.9% _1,770_   1.0% _55_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |44.6% _1,931_   style=“text-align:center;” |25.9% _1,122_   29.5% _1,276_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |58.9% _1,993_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.5% _1,133_   7.7% _259_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |38.0% _977_     style=“text-align:center;” |55.2% _1,418_   6.8% _174_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |11.8% _256_     style=“text-align:center;” |42.4% _923_     45.8% _998_[9]
  style=“text-align:center;” |1908   style=“text-align:center;” |46.2% _1,242_   style=“text-align:center;” |49.0% _1,317_   4.9% _131_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1904   style=“text-align:center;” |66.3% _1,373_   style=“text-align:center;” |14.8% _306_     18.9% _392_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1900   style=“text-align:center;” |55.3% _1,192_   style=“text-align:center;” |42.0% _905_     2.8% _60_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS[8]

[1]

[2]

[3] “History” , Nebraska Association of County Officials, Retrieved on March 14, 2008.

[4] [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Red+Willow+County,+NE/@40.1756731,-100.6094237,43365m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x879e2eeeb03d82cf:0x86fcf9b3b8ca2303!8m2!3d40.2353963!4d-100.5296115 _Red Willow County NE_ Google Maps (accessed 27 January 2019)]

[5]

[6] [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Red+Willow+Reservoir+State+Wildlife+Management+Area,+McCook,+NE+69001/@40.3400667,-100.6827303,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x879e2eeeb03d82cf:0x86fcf9b3b8ca2303!2sRed+Willow+County,+NE!3b1!8m2!3d40.2353963!4d-100.5296115!3m4!1s0x877588ff5c612335:0x9b9b535726192171!8m2!3d40.3385792!4d-100.6703435 _Red Willow Reservoir State Wildlife Management Area, McCook NE_ Google Maps (accessed 27 January 2019)]

[7]

[8] Election Results

[9] The leading “other” candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 782 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 190 votes and Prohibition Eugene Chafin received 26 votes.

title: Red Willow County, Nebraska

question: What is most interesting about the population of Red Willow County?

answer: The population is made up of 97% white people with the next largest being those of latin descent (2.37%). The population appears affluent, though there is a large wage gap between women and men. The county has only ever elected the Republican candidate since 1936.

question: Who was the last Democratic representative to be elected in 1936?


text:
MIKE MOLLO (born February 11, 1980 in Oak Lawn, Illinois) is an American former professional boxer in the heavyweight division. A fan favorite for his aggressive style in Chicago, Mollo is perhaps best known for his bouts with Polish fighters Art Binkowski, Artur Szpilka, Andrew Golota, and Krzysztof Zimnoch. He was managed by Darnell Nicholson.

Background

Born into a working class Italian family in Chicago's south suburbs, Mollo got into numerous scuffles on the streets of his neighborhood. Already 230 pounds as a 14-year-old, he was quickly taken to the local boxing club to hone his skills, and apply his energy in a more constructive manner.[1]

Professional career

After a brief amateur career, “Merciless” Mike Mollo made his professional debut on June 25, 2000, scoring a first-round knockout over Terry Coffin in Elgin, Illinois. Over the following years, Mollo built his professional record while also working full-time as a bricklayer and tuckpointer. Wildly popular with Chicago fight fans, Mollo used his hard-punching, aggressive style to win 19 of his first 20 professional bouts. His first loss was to heavyweight contender DaVarryl Williamson.

On October 7, 2006, Mollo scored his biggest win, knocking out Kevin McBride (best known for defeating Mike Tyson) by a TKO 30 seconds into the second round.[2]

After a second-round TKO of Art Binkowski, Mollo faced 40-year old former world title challenger Andrew Golota. Mollo lost via unanimous decision.

One of more Mollo's more high-profile matchups was his two bouts against then-undefeated and future WBC world title challenger Artur Szpilka. Despite being a heavy underdog in the first fight and not having competed for two years prior to the bout, Mollo was able to knock down Szpilka before being knocked out in the sixth round. The two faced off again six months later, with Mollo again knocking Szpilka down early in the match before being finished in the fifth round via TKO.

Three years after his second loss to Szpilka, Mollo faced another Polish fighter, Krzysztof Zimnoch. In a significant upset, Mollo knocked out the 18-0-1 Zimnoch in the first round to win the vacant Republic of Poland International Heavyweight title. From this win, Mollo earned a shot at Andriy Rudenko's WBC Silver International Heavyweight title. Mollo was defeated via unanimous decision.

Mollo then faced off against Krzysztof Zimnoch in a rematch from the year before. Mollo lost the rematch via corner stoppage.

On March 1, 2017, Mollo officially announced his retirement from professional boxing.

Influences

Early in his career, Mollo gained the support of Rocky Marciano’s family. “I understand that Mike wants to emulate Rocky both in and out of the ring”, noted Peter Marciano, younger brother of the “Brockton Blockbuster”. Mollo remembers Marciano well. “I grew up watching fight films of Rocky Marciano. Both of our families came from Naples, Italy, so Rocky was a hero to my family. My strength and conditioning coach Joe Wright gave me a rare book written by Rocky called 'The Use of the Body'. Joe found this book in 1967 while he was somewhere in England. I’ve been reading it and it’s a masterpiece.” Mollo continued, “I can’t be Rocky, but I’m truly honored to have the support of the Marciano family. I hope to make them proud.”[3]

Personal life

Mollo is married with children and resides in the Chicago, Illinois area.

Professional boxing record

|style=“text-align:center;” colspan=“9”|29 FIGHTS, 21 WINS (13 knockouts), 7 LOSSES (4 knockouts), _' 1 draw_'[4] |- style=“text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;” |style="border-style:none none solid solid; “| |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|RESULT |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|RECORD |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|OPPONENT |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|TYPE |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|ROUND, TIME |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|DATE |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|LOCATION |style=”border-style:none none solid solid; “|NOTES |-align=center |29 |Loss |21-7-1 |align=left| Krzysztof Zimnoch |TKO |(7) 10, 3:00 |25 Feb 2017 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |28 |Loss |21-6-1 |align=left| Andriy Rudenko |TD |(7) 12 |6 May 2016 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |27 |Win |21-5-1 |align=left| Krzysztof Zimnoch |KO |1 (10), 2:08 |20 Feb 2016 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |26 |Loss |20-5-1 |align=left| Artur Szpilka |TKO |5 (10), 1:41 |13 Aug 2013 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |25 |Loss |20-4-1 |align=left| Artur Szpilka |KO |6 (8), 2:45 |01 Feb 2013 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |24 |style=”background:#abcdef;"|Draw |20-3-1 |align=left| Gary Gomez |MD |8 |06 Aug 2010 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |23 |Win |20–3 |align=left| Billy Zumbrun |UD |8 |26 Mar 2010 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |22 |Loss |19–3 |align=left| Jameel McCline |UD |12 |07 Nov 2008 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |21 |Loss |19–2 |align=left| Andrew Golota |UD |12 |19 Jan 2008 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |20 |Win |19–1 |align=left| Art Binkowski |TKO |2 (10), 1:25 |13 Oct 2007 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |19 |Win |18–1 |align=left| Zack Page |UD |8 |02 Mar 2007 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |18 |Win |17–1 |align=left| Kevin McBride |TKO |2 (12), 0:44 |08 Oct 2006 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |17 |Win |16–1 |align=left| Willie Walker |KO |1 (6), 0:25 |25 Aug 2006 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |16 |Loss |15–1 |align=left| DaVarryl Williamson |TKO |4 (10), 2:59 |6 May 2006 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |15 |Win |15–0 |align=left| Rogerio Lobo |KO |6 (12), 2:48 |04 Nov 2005 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |14 |Win |14–0 |align=left| Troy Weida |TKO |1 (10), 1:31 |13 Jul 2005 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |13 |Win |13–0 |align=left| Shawn Robinson |TKO |1 (6), 2:51 |27 Apr 2005 |align=left|1= |align=left| |-align=center |12 |Win |12–0 |align=left| Eric French |UD |4 |15 Jun 2004 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |11 |Win |11–0 |align=left| Siarhei Dychkou | | |28 Mar 2003 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |10 |Win |10–0 |align=left| Brian McIntyre |KO |1 (4), 1:55 |15 Mar 2003 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |9 |Win |9–0 |align=left| Jessie Tucker |UD |6 |27 Nov 2002 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |8 |Win |8–0 |align=left| Marcelo Aravena |UD |4 |17 Nov 2002 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |7 |Win |7–0 |align=left| Louis Parker |KO |1 (4), 0:36 |27 Sep 2002 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |6 |Win |6–0 |align=left| John Clark |UD |4 |10 Aug 2002 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |5 |Win |5–0 |align=left| Donnie Penelton |UD |4 |21 Nov 2001 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |4 |Win |4–0 |align=left| Nathan Crawford |KO |1 (4), 1:00 |17 Oct 2001 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |3 |Win |3–0 |align=left| Calvin Miller |KO |1 (4), 0:38 |16 Feb 2001 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |2 |Win |2–0 |align=left| Joe Helton |KO |1 (4), 0:19 |20 Aug 2000 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |1 |Win |1–0 |align=left| Terrence Coffin |KO |1 (4), 2:03 |25 Jun 2000 |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center

[1] Profile: Mike Mollo _Boxing Insider_, October 7, 2006.

[2] McBride Stopped In Chicago Bout BBC Sport: Boxing, October 8, 2006.

[3] Mike Mollo Signs With DKP East Side Boxing, April 20, 2006.

[4]

title: Mike Mollo

question: How did Mollo get his start in boxing?

answer: Mollo got into many scuffles in the streets of his Chicago south suburb neighborhood. At 14 years old, he was already 230 pounds, and was taken to the local boxing club to hone his skills and direct his energy in a more constructive manner.

question: Summarize Mollo's career.

answer: After a brief amateur career, Mollo made his professional debut on June 25, 2000, in which he won via a first-round knockout over Terry Coffin in Elgin, Illinois. He won 19 of his first 20 professional bouts. On October 7, 2006, Mollo knocked out Kevin McBride, who was best known for defeating Mike Tyson, by TKO 30 seconds into the second round. Mollo had two bouts against Artur Szpilka, future WBC world title challenger. However, in both bouts, Mollo lost. Three years after his second loss to Szpilka, Mollo faced Krzysztof Zimnoch and won in the first round. He filled the vacant Republic of Poland International Heavyweight title. Following this win, Mollo earned a fight at Andriy Rudenko's WBC Silver International Heavyweight title. However, Mollo was defeated via unanimous decision. On March 1, 2017, Mollo announced his retirement from professional boxing.

question: Summarize Mollo's personal life.


text:
The handshake. When I walk into the quiet upper lobby of Vancouver’s Pacific Rim Hotel, Justin Trudeau gets up from the couch and moves toward me like a guided missile. The way he approaches, it feels like he’s coming in for a hug. Instead, there’s a firm handshake, accompanied by a pat on the shoulder.

It’s the sort of greeting you’d expect from an old friend, but an old friend from an earlier era. “Good to see you,” he says, like this isn’t the first time we’ve met.

I’ve heard that one of Bill Clinton’s gifts is that of making anyone he is talking to feel like they are the only person in the world. I don’t know about the former U.S. president, but long-time B.C. MP Svend Robinson was great at it. And when Trudeau sits on the couch and leans forward to talk about his plans to woo B.C. voters, his eyes are locked on mine for the next 25 minutes.

A few days earlier, I saw the federal Liberal leader’s charisma in action at Pride. Dressed in blue jeans and a white shirt with a couple of bead necklaces, he was welcomed with cheers and hoots as people ran onto the street in front of the Denman Place Mall to hug him, shake his hand, snap his photo, and pose for selfies with him. It’s not Trudeaumania, it’s more like #Trudeaumania.

Canada’s second, possibly third, most famous Trudeau—and second-most-famous Justin—has 410,000 followers on Twitter. NDP Leader Thomas Mulcair has just over 73,000 (and they’re both trailing Stephen Harper, who has over 500,000).

Before handing over the microphone, emcee Caryl Dolinko reminded the crowd that Trudeau’s dad was the prime minister who declared that the government had no place in the bedrooms of the nation. Then Trudeau delivered a brief speech about the importance of LGBT rights, the crowd cheered again, and Dolinko declared, “We love him, yes we do.”

Trudeau grins when I ask about Pride. “What a good time that was… For me, it’s about meeting people and being able to shake people’s hands and dodge water cannons and be able to dance down the street the way everyone else is. It’s fun,” he says with a laugh.

As Trudeau danced toward the water cannons, Dolinko introduced Vancouver Centre MP Hedy Fry, who was decked out in high heels, a gold leopard-print outfit, and a wild blond wig that some drag queens might be too demure to wear.

In a post-Pride phone interview, Fry told the _Straight_ that “the reaction to Justin is absolutely phenomenal. I’ve not seen anything like it with a leader before.” Fry said she’s consistently impressed by Trudeau’s willingness to listen—both to voters and to the Liberal caucus. “He actually likes people, he will engage with you and chat with you, and he’s always interested in what people have to say. And I think people feel that in him, they feel that genuineness, which is what he really has going for him.”

The Tories and the NDP have tried to turn the 42-year-old MP’s star power into a liability, pushing the message that he’s big on style and light on substance. But he’s okay with opponents dismissing him as a celebrity featherweight—just like Conservative senator Patrick Brazeau did before being knocked out by Trudeau in a charity boxing match.

Trudeau says he learned to tune out the sniping in 2008, when he was running for a nomination in the Montreal riding of Papineau he wasn’t supposed to be able to win for the chance to challenge a Bloc Québécois MP the Liberals had no hope of beating.

“My opponents focused on the celebrity factor,” says Trudeau. “I completely ignored that and rolled up my sleeves and I met as many people as I possibly could. I listened to them, talked with them about their issues, and I talked about how we’re going to build a plan together, and that’s how I got elected in Papineau. Same thing when we talked about the leadership. I didn’t sit back and put a big picture of my father up and say”—he continues in a glib, sarcastic voice—“ ‘Vote for me. I’ll bring the Liberal party back to power.’ ”

Then he returns to his earnest, teacherly tones. “I said, ‘Let’s build a better country.’ And then I went out and I met with and listened to Canadians in every single riding across the country.”

A picture of his father wouldn’t have hurt. In June the Canadian Heritage Department compiled a list of Canada’s heroes and Trudeau’s dad, Pierre, topped it.

Since Trudeau has no trouble drawing the spotlight, his strategy is to share it and emphasize his bench strength. The hashtag his team is pushing on Twitter: #teamtrudeau.

“I think a lot of people have fallen into the poor habit of thinking about leadership as, well, Stephen Harper’s model—that the only person he takes advice from is the person he sees in the mirror every morning. And that’s just not what I understand as being leadership. I think that’s not right for a country as rich and diverse as Canada. And I certainly saw from my father’s own example that he used to surround himself with the brightest people he could possibly find, experts in all sorts of different areas, and draw on their strength and expertise to build the big picture.”

Trudeau rattles off the names and credentials of his B.C. candidates like he’s reading a list, but when he pauses a moment it’s clear he’s picturing them. “I’ve got to scan around,” he says. The B.C. candidates he’s seeing in his mind’s eye include the current Assembly of First Nations British Columbia regional chief, Jody Wilson-Raybould; former West Vancouver mayor Pamela Goldsmith-Jones; and stalwarts like Fry and Vancouver Quadra’s Joyce Murray.

I ask if his memory was this impressive when he was teaching high-school social studies and French in Vancouver. He almost shrugs. “You learn to get good at recognizing people, remembering people.”

Since this is the _Georgia Straight_, and this is B.C., the most interesting candidate on the horizon is Jodie Emery, wife of B.C.’s marijuana martyr Marc Emery, who’s taking a run for the Liberal nomination in Vancouver East.

Trudeau’s rapid-fire responses slow as he carefully chooses his words at the mention of Emery and clarifies she’s a potential contender, not the nominee. “She’s interested, as are an awful lot of people. We have an open nomination process, it’ll be the local Liberals at the riding level who pick their candidates.” But whether Emery is a candidate or not, the Tories have decided to use Trudeau’s stance on B.C.’s biggest cash crop to paint the Liberals as the second coming of the Marijuana Party.

Trudeau says he initially resisted taking a pro-pot stance— “I knew the political attacks that would come”—and that it wasn’t marijuana activists who changed his mind on the issue. He credits “a group of self-professed soccer moms who weren’t pot smokers who said, ‘Our kids have easier access to pot across this country than they do to beer or cigarettes and we don’t think that’s right.’ They came to me and said, ‘Protect our kids.’ ”

Trudeau says those concerns were driven home by a 2013 United Nations study showing that Canada has the highest rate of teen marijuana use of 29 developed countries around the world. “The current approach is not protecting our kids. And whatever you say about pot being less harmful than alcohol or tobacco, it’s still not good for the developing brain. We want to keep our kids safe. Adults can make their own choices, that’s fine. But protecting our children from marijuana use is why I think controlling it and regulating it is going to do a better job of that.…I think it’s time that we actually had an adult conversation about it and talked about how to stop criminalizing the thousands of people who don’t deserve criminal records, prevent this steady revenue stream to criminal organizations and gangs, and make sure that kids don’t have as easy access to it as they have now.”

Trudeau knows one of the other issues that will be key for B.C. voters is his stance on pipelines like Keystone XL, which he’s supporting, and the Northern Gateway Project, which he’s opposing. Again, he’s calling for “a grown-up conversation” about how to balance environmental issues and the economy—a balancing act he feels the current government has no interest in.

“They don’t seem to understand that even though governments grant permits, only communities grant permission. And projects like that don’t get to go through without social licence. The Great Bear Rainforest is no place for a pipeline, so Northern Gateway is a nonstarter for me. Keystone XL is a pipeline that passed an appropriate review process and is getting the support necessary from local actors.”

Asked about appealing to a generation of voters infamous for not voting—just ask B.C.’s former “future premier” Adrian Dix—the high-school teacher argues that young people aren’t tuned out of the issues, they’re just tuned out of party politics.

“The problem isn’t getting young people motivated to try and change the world. The challenge is convincing them that politics is a worthwhile use of their energies in terms of changing the world. And that’s where the more complex and yet frank positions I’ve taken on various issues, I think, are appealing to people’s intelligence. I’m not going to try and sound-bite and buzz my way around or out of issues. I’m trying to be straight about the challenges that we’re facing and the world we’re trying to build together and the need to have young people involved.”

As his assistant gives the signal that it’s time to wrap up, I ask about his Vancouver roots and Trudeau talks about the West Coast branch of his family tree. “My grandfather was the MP for Vancouver North [which became Coast-Capilano] from 1940 to 1958, minister of fisheries. People think about my political antecedents. My father was in politics, everyone knows that. People forget about Jimmy Sinclair, who is as much a part of me and my political identity as anything else. And being his grandson, being my mom’s proud son and having grown up here in Vancouver—learning how to sail at Jericho Beach—so when I’m talking in the House about how bad it is that they shut down the Kits coast guard station, I actually know because I was racing Lasers with other kids at 13 years old around the tankers. I’ve driven the Sea-to-Sky Highway thousands of times on my way up and down from being a weekend warrior teaching snowboarding up at Whistler while I was teaching here. I got my professional start here as a teacher, which is the career and calling that still defines me. My family roots here are deep, but my personal roots—this is the place I moved to when I wanted to get out from under my father’s shadow and create myself as independent, and a person of my own strength. And that’s what Vancouver is for me—one of the most incredible parts of the world and a city I love very much, in a province that means the world to me.”

And then, before he can get into any trouble in his home riding, he adds: “But I remain a proud Quebecker throughout.”

Then he laughs as he recalls how former Liberal leader Stéphane Dion described him at a 2008 campaign rally, “as the most British Columbian of all Quebeckers and the most Quebecker of all British Columbians”. Says Trudeau, “I thought that was a really nice way of balancing identity. I love B.C. I’ll always be child and grandchild of B.C. and it doesn’t take away anything from my pride in being a Montrealer and a Quebecker. And I think that sort of layering on of identity is typically Canadian, and seeing no contradiction between all that is what we manage to do every day. We’re from every corner of the country, with every different background. And that’s the great thing about this country—that we’re strong not in spite of our differences, but because of them.”

He laughs again before adding, “Anyway, that’s my rant.” Then Trudeau’s back on his feet offering one last, firm handshake. He has to run.

question: What does the text say about Donald Trump?

question: Summarize what happened to Trudeau at the Pride rally.

answer: Justin Trudeau, the charismatic leader of the Liberal party (at the time this piece was written), attended a Pride rally and was welcomed with cheers and hoots from the attendees after he made a speech about LGBT rights. He said that he had a good time at the rally, meeting people, being able to shake their hands, dodging water canons, and dancing down the street with everyone else. Trudeau had fun and everybody loved him. Trudeau's father was the former Canadian Prime Minister who said that the government had no place in the bedrooms of the nation.

question: Summarize some of the positive qualities possessed by Justin Trudeau.

answer: Trudeau greets people he just met as if he were greeting an old friend, with a firm handshake and pat on the shoulder. He's not afraid to make eye contact for as long as it takes to speak to someone. Trudeau has charisma. He is willing to listen to both the voters and to the liberal caucus. He genuinely likes people and will engage others because he's always interested in what people have to say. Trudeau's version of leadership is what he learned from his father, who surrounded himself with the brightest people he could find, experts in all sorts of different areas, drawing on their strength and expertise to build the big picture.


text:
I could feel his stare blazing into the back of my skull as if it were literally burning my flesh. I subconsciously brought my hand up to feel my skin rotting away, but as soon as touched the back of my head I realized my mind was playing tricks on me again. Bringing my focus back to him, I could feel the sheer hatred he had for me, just by the immense sensation his body let off. I couldn’t bring myself to turn around and meet his gaze, because I didn’t want to confirm what I already knew. It was me, it was always me. It was my fault he didn’t feel as if he belonged with anyone. It was my fault he didn’t feel at all. I knew if I turned towards him tears would roll down my cheeks and I wouldn’t be able to stop them, so I decided to leave. I decided to leave him, and I would have chosen differently if I had known that was the last opportunity I would have to see him alive.

If I would have known the outcome of all my actions, I would have never taken that blade and glided it along my skin, but it felt so good. The adrenaline rushed through my veins, my heart pumped a little faster. It made me feel so free. Seeing the red run down my arm, it made me feel alive. I never thought it would affect him. I never thought he would take it as far as he did.

I should have never taken the pills. I almost took one too many and It would have been me who was six feet under right now, not him. They were just another way of making me feel good. Another way for me to forget my home life and escape for a while. The high didn’t last for more than a few hours, but the remarkable feeling I had for those short periods of time were incredible. I have never felt anything like it. I don’t think I will ever feel anything else that could come close. The best part though? Mixing the blade and the high. It was pure ecstasy. Nothing could top it, not even him. Maybe that is what pushed him too far?

He would never do it with me, he didn’t like being out of control in his own body. When I did it, he would sit by my side and hold my hand until it was over. He always longed for it to be over faster than the time before, but it never happened. He still sat there with me and waited. Always waiting on me, always wanting me.

I wish I would have realized it sooner, but I was too engulfed in my own demons to see anything around me. I was too self-involved. My thoughts told me to do things, they told me to hurt my body because that was the only pain I wanted to feel. I was numb to being the punching bag at home, the kicks and slaps only left physical marks, they no longer haunted me. I could walk through my house without bursting into hysterics, and I liked that. If the price was simple as a cut or a pill, I was willing to pay it.

He knew what I had to deal with at home, I don’t get why he had to pile more nonsense into my mind. Nothing made sense anymore. He was supposed to be there always, he was supposed to hold my hand. Now? Now I only have me. No one to wait for me, no one to hold me, no one, and it is my fault.

What I find funny about this whole thing is that I want to slide the blade across my skin and make line after line of blood. Watching it spread and drip. This isn’t normal, this is what killed him. He couldn’t stand the thought of losing me to my nightmares, so he made sure I lost him first. I can already feel the loneliness getting to me, it is hitting me all at once. I can’t handle being here without him, so I take a couple more pills than usual, hoping it would turn out the way I wanted it to.
I can feel my body being taken over by extreme bliss, the feeling is in the pit of my stomach and it sits there. Thinking about him not being here puts a strange smile on my face. He went out so dramatically, making it out like he was the victim in all of this. He was never the victim, I was. I am the victim of my own life, of my own mind. I can’t escape any of it. He took the cowards way out and just up and left everything behind.

Sitting there, in the dark, with my head on my pillow, I started to smell his cologne. I knew it wasn’t real, I knew the ghosts inside my mind were trying to mess with me, but at that point, I didn’t care. I took comfort in thinking he was there.

title: [MF] A Work in Progress

question: Summarize the narrator's feelings towards the individual who just died.

answer: The narrator believes it was her fault the individual did not belong anywhere. She believes he hated her for what she put him through. In her mind, she never would have left him if she knew she would never see him again. She recollects times she would cut herself in his presence and take too many pills at the same time. She wonders if that was what pushed him to the edge. The narrator remembers him refusing to participate in her self-harm ritual. She believes he was never the victim, she was.

question: What did the male individual in the passage die of?


text:
YOSHI KASUYA (1894–1994)[1] was a Japanese educator who spent the majority of her career at Tsuda College in Kodaira, Tokyo, initially as a teacher and later as president. She studied extensively in the United States, receiving a B.A. from Wellesley College in 1923 and an M.A. and PhD from Columbia University in 1930 and 1933 respectively. She received the Blue Ribbon Medal and was made a member of the Third Class of the Order of the Precious Crown for her contributions to women's education.

Biography

Kasuya attended Miwada Girls' High School, a Tokyo private school founded in 1902. She became a teacher at Tsuda College, a private university for women founded by Tsuda Umeko, in 1915. She would spend most of her career at Tsuda College with intermittent periods of overseas study.[2] Kasuya traveled to the United States in 1919 to attend Wellesley College, a private women's university in Massachusetts. She returned to Japan a week after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake[3] and resumed teaching at Tsuda College.[4]

Kasuya went back to the United States in 1929, this time to complete a master's degree at Columbia University Teachers College, which she received in 1930. Supervised by Isaac Leon Kandel and Willystine Goodsell, she then began a PhD at Columbia,[5][6] completing her doctorate in 1933.[7] As part of her doctoral studies, she spent two months in Germany, enrolling at the University of Berlin and visiting 40 educational institutions in 20 German cities. Her thesis, _A Comparative Study of the Secondary Education of Girls in England, Germany, and the United States with a Consideration of the Secondary Education of Girls in Japan_ (1933) explored the transnational and gendered aspects of education and was based on her interviews with and observations of educators in England, Germany and the United States.[8][9] Back in Japan, she taught for eight years at Utsunomiya Junior College.[10]

Kasuya returned to Wellesley College in 1950 to study university education and language teaching in girls' high schools; this would be her last trip to the United States.[11] She later became president of Tsuda College and retired in 1962. She was awarded a Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese government in 1960 and received the Third Class of the Order of the Precious Crown in 1968 for her contributions to women's education.[12]

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[12]

title: Yoshi Kasuya

question: What did Kasuya get her M.A. and PhD in?

answer: Education

question: Where did Kasuya teach?

answer: She taught at Tsuda College for the majority of her career, and also taught at Utsunomiya Junior College.

question: What was Kasuya's thesis about?

answer: It was called A Comparative Study of the Secondary Education of Girls in England, Germany, and the United States with a Consideration of the Secondary Education of Girls in Japan. It explored the transnational and gendered aspects of education.

question: What was Kasuya awarded a Blue Ribbon Medal for?

answer: She was awarded for her contributions to women's education.

question: What is the Third Class of the Order of the Precious Crown?

answer: It seems to be a Japanese award.

question: Where is Tsuda College located?

answer: It is located in Kodaira, Tokyo in Japan.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses the life and works of Yoshi Kasuya, a Japanese educator who spent the majority of her career at Tsuda College in Kodaira, Tokyo, initially as a teacher and then as president. She had been awarded a Blue Ribbon Medal and Third Class of The Order of the Precious Crown for her contributions to women's education. She lived from 1894 to 1994.


text:
Dear Boy:
To this day I still cannot listen to Grizzly Bear’s album, “Yellow House” without thinking you are somewhere in the room; no worries however, it's a warm feeling.
The entire time this album plays I am transported away from my current time and situation to a place within the height of our romance.
Going to the cafe as soon as we both woke up. “Lullaby” playing as we walk in and, stoned, wait in line for your soy latte and my americano. A gentle fuzziness to the entire world, to every interaction. Still sharing in our private jokes from the night before while drinking our coffee. Reading books as we slowly woke up. Making funny faces at each other. Smoking cigarettes. A perfect start to the perfect day in a perfect world.
I remember the first time you took me to that world. We were traveling with Molly. You took me all over to places I went every day but never noticed before, like I was in our town for the first time. Or maybe I was just seeing you for the first time. I don’t know. But there it was. They always said you would know when it happened. You wouldn’t have any control of it. It would wreck your life and it would hurt. It would hurt more than anything has ever hurt before. Frankly, I never knew what in the hell they were talking about. All those friends and relatives, warning to be careful in the presence of it never realized that I not once even believed in it. Yet here I was, suddenly filled with it. No denying it. Feeling it so intensely, so fiercely that it, in an instant, consumed every bit of me, leaving nothing but an empty shell at the end, waiting pensively, imploring, begging absolutely to be filled with it again and again. At the end it ended up hurting so bad I thought I would lose my mind.
There was that time, all we did was go on a drive through the woods. We smoked a spliff together, turned up the music (Grizzly Bear, remember?) and drove. The sunlight was perfect, filtering through the trees in that impossible and amazing way. Coating everything in golden green light. Eating up the tiny wooded roads, traveling at insane speeds. Not speaking the entire time, reveling in the silence of the moment. It was when the silence was still a silence of beauty and togetherness. When the silence was still new and refreshing, when we were finally completely comfortable in each others presence. To this day it is the sound, color, and feeling of nostalgia. Warming me now as it did then, a gentle summer embrace in the middle of winter.
Grizzly Bear was playing the night we did Salvia for the first time together. It collapsed my world into little lego blocks and shattered it. Pulling everything I knew, everything I was into its vortex. In afterthought, that might have been foreshadowing. You thought salvia was stupid. After having such a moving experience I couldn’t understand how you didn’t take it seriously. We ended up arguing that night. Like so many others. Endlessly processing, endlessly discussing why we were no longer able to tolerate living with each other. By that time it had consumed me so much that I no longer thought that there could be another world. A world without it and without you. I couldn’t understand why it was no longer working, why it no longer felt good. I was willing to ask everyone and everything other than you. Afraid only of your answer. Those days were dark indeed, yet still you were a diamond among those dimly tinted memories. You still are.
Grizzly bear was also playing the day my friends in the mountains came and took me away from you. I was so elated to be moving out of that wretched town finally, but as the album came on I could only cry and cry. I think I cried most of the way to my new home.  I knew that I wasn’t sad about leaving town but only because you could not and would not have come with me. I cried because it was the end of the novel and I had been reading it for so long that I couldn’t even dream of it ending. Even after the climax and falling action. I cried because the best part of my life so far was officially over. I cried because I knew that I couldn’t have felt worse than I did that last week we were together. We couldn’t even be in the same room without fighting. Without retreating to the same old arguments all over again, being said more and more aggressively each time.
Honestly it felt good to cry that much. It validated that something real had happened. Something that was never going to happen again. Something that was impossible in the first place. Something that is still beautiful and terrifying in its scope of influence on my life.
Today the sun is out and the birds are sending gentle songs through my open window. Grizzly Bear plays softly in the background and I find myself reading a book that you  gave  to me long ago. Suddenly it is all there again. The terrible elation, the beautiful sadness. The pain and the sweet sweet smile right before we kissed. It sweeps through me quickly, passionately, leaving me feeling a bit post orgasmic. Weak kneed and a little red eyed (but no, that’s just my allergies and the pot, I promise). Feeling alive. Feeling like I never lived before.  You taught me that. To never stop living.
For that, and for everything
I thank you.
A million kisses,
Yours in love
ps. E was wrong. Belly button lint definitely comes from the shirt you are wearing at the moment, not the underwear you were wearing yesterday. I have been conducting a study out of bored curiosity, wearing underwear of a completely opposing color as my shirt the next day. Inevitably the color of my belly button lint is the same color as the shirt I am wearing, not the color of my undergarments the day before.

edit: styling didn't work the way I wanted apologies

title:
A draft some folks told me to post here
titled "dear boy"
crits welcome and wanted even.

question: Explain the significance of Grizzly Bear's album to the narrator's life.

answer: For some reason, "Yellow House" by Grizzly Bear brings back memories of her ex-boyfriend, and she can't help but think about him. When they strolled into the café stoned and waiting in line for a soy latte and an Americano, Grizzly Bear's "Lullaby" played in the background. While Grizzly Bear played in the car, they went for a drive in the woods and smoked a joint together. Additionally, Grizzly Bear's music played throughout the first time they smoked Salvia. The narrator recalls her lover saying that Salvia was foolish. Grizzly Bear also played when the narrator's buddies in the mountains came and took her away from him. After realizing that the boy couldn't and wouldn't accompany her to her new home, she broke down and sobbed for a good while. Grizzly Bear played in the background while the narrator read a book her lover had given her, and she recalled the day they kissed.

question: What does the story say about doing drugs?

answer:
The narrator's lover was the one who introduced her to the world of marijuana smoking. People told her that once she smoked it, she wouldn't be able to control what happened to her. They also said that drugs would ruin her life and cause more pain than anything else. She had no idea what they talked about. Her family and friends cautioned her about the dangers of cannabis.
Nonetheless, she got hooked to it, and it filled her up so strongly, so ferociously, that it absorbed every ounce of her in an instant, leaving nothing but an empty shell. Her body got so reliant on it that she would suffer excruciating pain and fear losing her sanity if she didn't have it. The narrator and her lover tested Salvia for the first time, but he didn't think much of it. Even after the narrator and her lover had split up, she continued to use cannabis because it made her feel alive, living like never before.

question: What does the story say about the narrator's parents?


text:
We Are Living Through the Moment When Women Unleash Decades of Pent-Up Anger

Let’s hope there’s no going back.

January 11, 2018
Feminism is back, with a vengeance, and you can thank
Donald Trump for that. No, seriously. The pussy-grabbing scam artist, ignoramus, and vulgarian with zero government experience, who ran on “Lock her up!” and gold-plated racism, won the White House against a former US senator and secretary of state, a woman with many progressive and pro-woman positions who also happened to be sane and the most qualified candidate in living memory—and, adding insult to injury, who got more votes! It was the loudest wake-up call since alarm clocks were invented. Even plenty of women who didn’t like Hillary Clinton could see the problem with a “Hillary Sucks but Not Like Monica” T-shirt. The Trump campaign was like overhearing your co-workers and finding out that, while they might be polite to your face, they all agreed you were an incompetent moron who was sleeping with the boss—oh, and by the way, there’s blood coming out of your wherever.1

Women have worked incredibly hard to come as far as they have. For the last 36 years, we’ve gotten more bachelor’s degrees than men. We’ve pushed our way—sometimes even litigated our way—into male-dominated jobs, from auto manufacturing and policing to the military and Congress. In 2017, for the first time, the majority of students entering medical school were female. Despite statistics showing stalled careers, unequal pay, male violence, and the persistence of the double day, we invested in hope. Think how much better our lives are than our mothers’ and grandmothers’, we told ourselves. Our daughters’ lives will be better still. It’s as though women’s liberation were a kind of conveyor belt, humming along automatically. There was no need, really, to get all angry and hostile and man-hating, or to use antiquated terms like “women’s liberation,” with all it implied about the sweeping nature of our subjection and the wild collective energy needed to escape it.2

That’s over. The Women’s March set the tone for the resistance on the first full day of the Trump regime—by some measures the largest march in American history, from Washington, DC, and other major cities to small towns in the deep-red states. Who now remembers the male pundits who claimed that calling it a “Women’s March” would discourage men from attending, even though, as they were repeatedly reminded, men were officially invited? (I saw many there.) The name was the point: We’re running this show. This is about our issues—_all_ of them. You be the auxiliaries, for a change. Women set the tone for the year—none of this “Let’s wait and see what Trump does, maybe he’s not so bad, and anyway, infrastructure!”
Women continued to do the lioness’s share of political activism as the year went on: showing up at town halls, sending those postcards, making those phone calls, hosting those Huddles (the local meetings that came out of the march), and doing all that grassroots organizing. According to the app Daily Action, 86 percent of active callers to Congress were women—particularly middle-aged women, the most overlooked people in Punditland. Good old Mom, so boring, so ordinary, so unphotogenic! A lot of them were big Hillary supporters, and I’m still waiting for the major-media coverage of how they feel and what they think. (“Tune in tonight, when we go to Teaneck, New Jersey, to check in with Debbie Levine and her book club—one year later, how are they coping?”) But I suppose that won’t happen as long as there are small-town diners full of angry white men in MAGA hats.3

Now life’s coming at us fast. Some people scoffed at the resistance when Jon Ossoff lost in Georgia—but his campaign showed how much pent-up rage and energy there was among Democratic women. I know people who virtually moved to Georgia to go door-to-door. As my colleague Joan Walsh has written, local women who were previously apolitical, or who were Democrats but avoided discussing politics in order to keep the peace among friends and neighbors, became activists overnight. It turned out their PTA-honed networking skills were invaluable. Women were crucial in subsequent Democratic wins, including Ralph Northam’s for governor of Virginia and Phil Murphy’s for governor of New Jersey. Virginia voters nearly did the unthinkable, turning a 66–34 Republican majority in the state House of Delegates to a slim 51–49 lead. (It would have been a 50–50 stalemate had a tie-breaking draw in one district gone the other way). In the process, they elected a historic number of women, up from 17 to 28.4

Women aren’t just voting in huge numbers; they are running for office, too. Five hundred women have declared their candidacy for congressional or gubernatorial seats in 2018. And just as the holidays brought 2017 to a merciful close, Doug Jones secured an astonishing victory over accused sexual predator Roy Moore in Alabama. Mothers don’t look kindly on molesters of teenage girls—who knew?5

But electoral politics isn’t the whole story. #MeToo also has its roots in the post-Trump awakening. After all, there have been plenty of male celebrities credibly accused of multiple sexual aggressions—Bill Cosby comes to mind—who did not spark a mass movement of women speaking out about their own experiences of sexual harassment and molestation. Now, all of a sudden, it’s zero-tolerance time: Famous and powerful men, from Harvey Weinstein and Charlie Rose to Mario Batali and Garrison Keillor, are going down at a headlong pace. You wake up and wonder who will be all over the news today. It’s like the French Revolution, without the guillotine. And along the way, we’re finally getting a glimpse of what was always going on behind the scenes: Who knew so many men enjoyed waving their penises at female subordinates? According to a Unite Here survey, 49 percent of hotel maids in Chicago have opened a room door to be greeted by a naked man, or have seen guests otherwise expose themselves.6

#MeToo helps answer the question of why women haven’t made more progress in the workplace in the 40-odd years since feminism’s second wave succeeded in abolishing most formal barriers to gender equality on the job. Maybe, we’re learning, it’s basically because too many men—#NotAllMen, to be sure—don’t want them there, except as underlings and sex objects. We talk all the time about the men who are losing their careers (though I still think the most profitable and well-connected will return after a much-publicized stint in therapy), but the subject remains haunted by the women who never got to have theirs, the brilliant women who were driven out of careers they’d worked for years to enter, or who found themselves mysteriously sidelined, little by little, and have ended up, at age 50, eking out a freelance living while the men they started out with are running the world. When it comes to educated women’s stagnation at work, the underlying story line has always been that women are the problem: They’re either doing their careers wrong and need to negotiate/dress/network better; or they don’t have the right stuff for success, whether it’s as scientists or chefs or game designers or senators; or they do have the right stuff—girls can do anything, as Barbie says—but opt to stay at home with their kids and raise chickens in the backyard, because capitalism sucks. Now it turns out that those women may have never had a real chance. They never enjoyed the same opportunities that the men had at work; or they were worn to a frazzle trying to deal with the small daily humiliations of working for a handsy manipulator like Leon Wieseltier; or they were quietly blackballed in their industry if they made a fuss about it; or they came to doubt their abilities because they were constantly being undermined, both professionally and psychologically.7

Meanwhile, their male co-workers—who didn’t have to deal with any of this—sailed on. Louis CK didn’t force them to watch him masturbate as the price of mentorship. Mark Halperin didn’t rub his penis on their shoulders. Matt Lauer didn’t summon them to his office and push a secret button to lock the door. That must have been nice. But the corollary is that the men we see around us today, with the big careers and the confidence to match, may have taken spaces that were pre-cleared for them by harassment—which is, legally, let’s not forget, a form of sex discrimination.8

If one of 2017’s lessons is that the rage of women is truly a marvel to behold, another is that it’s important not to speak of “women” as if they were all white, educated, middle-class professionals. Black women are the ones making the difference at election time: They went 91 percent for Northam, 94 percent for Murphy, and 98 percent for Jones. Indeed, the failure to reach out early and energetically to the black community was one of the problems with Ossoff’s campaign: In a segregated district, neighbor to neighbor and PTA mom to PTA mom have their limits. A party or movement that doesn’t acknowledge the centrality of black women is missing everything about this moment.9

It’s also important not to think of “women” as if they were all feminists—or to assume they would be if only feminists weren’t so urban, elitist, irreligious, and bent on killing babies. There are millions of conservative women: rich Republicans whose first priority is lower taxes and less regulation; racists and xenophobes who think people of color are ruining America; conservative Catholics and evangelical Protestants who think that abortion is murder and women belong under men’s thumb (although they wouldn’t put it quite like that). According to exit polls, 63 percent of white women supported Roy Moore. It’s rather conceited to think that all these women, and maybe their menfolk too, just haven’t heard the word from the right humble, neighborly, downhome-speaking woke person yet. Maybe, just like us, they actually believe what they say they do and have complex, self-interested, sometimes tribal reasons for it, just as we do. These are not 19th-century farmers getting their news a month late at the general store; they have access to the same range of information that we do. It’s a choice to watch Fox News, to belong to a church that preaches wifely submission, to spread racist memes on Facebook, to scorn global warming as fake news. The amount of political energy it would require to pry Trump’s base voters away from their chosen way of life—because that is what we’re talking about, a whole way of life embedded in geography, racial resentment, sexism, and Jesus—could be so much better spent revitalizing the Democratic Party by fighting voter disenfranchisement, registering voters, and mobilizing low-income people, especially people of color, who already support our politics but have fallen off the map.10

None of this is to deny that 2017 was in many ways a terrible year for women’s rights. The Department of Health and Human Services is now a vipers’ nest of anti-choice and anti-contraception ideologues, and in October, the Trump administration rescinded the Affordable Care Act’s birth-control mandate. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos has begun to dismantle Title IX protections for students who claim to have been sexually assaulted. At least 19 abortion clinics closed last year. The Justice Department engaged in a highly publicized fight to prevent an undocumented teenager from getting an abortion. The Office of Management and Budget scrapped a mandate that employers report wages by gender and race to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. While protest grabs the headlines, backlash grinds on.11

But to end on a positive note, a group of Hollywood actresses, lawyers, and entertainment executives has pledged $13 million to support working-class women in their struggles against sexual harassment. Merriam-Webster
picked “feminism” as its 2017 word of the year. 2018 could well see a wave of victories in the midterm elections that would limit Trump’s ability to advance his regressive, racist, plutocratic agenda. And if this year turns out to be anything like the last, women will be heading that charge.12

question: Why is feminism back, and with a vengeance?

answer: The author claims Donald Trump and his vulgar sexism is to blame.

question: How does the author describe Donald Trump?

answer: The author describes trump as a scam artist, ignoramus, vulgarian with zero government experience, who ran in the presidential election on "Lock her up!" and gold-plated racism.

question: How have women worked incredibly hard to come as far as they have?

answer: They've pushed their way into male-dominated jobs, and have carved a better life for themselves than their mothers' and grandmothers'.

question: Describe the Women's March.

answer: It was by some measures the largest march in American history and took place in many major cities and small towns.

question: According to the author, what question does #MeToo help answer?

answer: It helps answer the question of why women haven't made more progress in the workplace in the 40-odd years since feminism's second wave.

question: How does the narrator describe conservative women?

answer: The author describes them as Republicans whose first priority is lower taxes and less regulation, racists and xenophobes, and conservative Catholics and evangelical Protestants.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this document, the author writes about how Donald Trump's presidency and sexism has inspired a new wave of feminism. They describe sexism in America, and women's progress and responses to it.


text:
The White House has released a memo of Donald Trump’s phone call with the president of Ukraine which sparked an official impeachment inquiry after he vowed yesterday to release a “fully declassified and unredacted transcript” of the controversial call.

The five-page document was made on the day of the 25 July phone call by note-takers in the White House situation room as the president spoke to Volodymyr Zelensky.

It begins with Mr Trump congratulating the new Ukrainian president on his election victory, before reminding Mr Zelensky the US spends “a lot of effort and a lot of time” aiding his country.

Prior to the memorandum’s release it was reported Mr Trump ordered his staff to withhold $400m (£323.7m) in aid to Ukraine just days before the phone call. He spoke with Mr Zelensky the day after former special counsel Robert Mueller spoke in public testimony about his report on Russian interference in the 2016 election.

“I will say that we do a lot for Ukraine,” Mr Trump said on the phone call, according to thememorandum. “We spend a lot of effort and a lot of time. Much more than the European countries are doing and they should be helping you more than they are. Germany does almost nothing for you. All they do is talk and I think it’s something that should really ask them about.”

 The Democrat challengers to Trump in 2020

Show all 25
[The Vermont senator has launched a second bid for president after losing out to Hilary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic primaries. He is running on a similar platform of democratic socialist reform ]

“A lot of the European countries are the same way so I think it’s something you want to look at but the United States has been very very good to Ukraine,” he continued. “I wouldn’t say that it’s reciprocal necessarily because things are happening that are not good but the United States has been very very good to Ukraine.”

Mr Trump then asks Mr Zelensky “to do us a favour”.

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He begins by immediately asking for an investigation surrounding the origins of the Russia investigation that clouded the first years of his presidency, commenting on the former special counsel’s “incompetent performance” the day prior.

“Whatever you can do, it’s very important that you do it if that’s possible,” he said.

He then urged the president of Ukraine to look into an alleged issue involving his 2020 rival Joe Biden – a move that was previously reported about the call and sparked swift outcry on Capitol Hill.

“The other thing, there’s a lot of talk about Biden’s son, that Biden stopped the prosecution and a lot of people want to find out about that,” Mr Trump said on the call. “So whatever you can do with the Attorney General would be great.”

“It sounds horrible to me,” the president added.

While the memorandum was largely described as a transcript, some Democrats slammed the document as a “highly-edited memo” that failed to include key components of the 30 minute conversation that had somehow been boiled down into a five-page memorandum.

“Trump did indeed bring up US aid to Ukraine and then asked their leader to investigate his political opponent,” Democrat Don Beyer wrote in a statement.

“This document [is] not exculpatory,” he added, “it is a smoking gun.”

Still, Democrats and others said the US’ financial leverage over the country could be seen in the way the president asked for a favour after reminding Mr Zelensky how much “effort” and “time” his government spent on aiding Ukraine.

Adam Schiff, a California Democrat and the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, also said the memo “reads like a classic mob shakedown”.

“Nice country you got there,” he quips. “It would be a shame if something happened to her.”

The White House described the memorandum as a “full, unredacted transcript” in press secretary Stephanie Grisham’s statement announcing its release. The document itself notes it is not a transcript, however.

The phone call gained controversy after it was reported a whistleblower within the US intelligence community filed a complaint that at least partially involves the call between Mr Trump and Ukraine.

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That whistleblower has been in contact with the House Intelligence Committee through attorneys, according to Mr Schiff, who said they would be speaking with the anonymous individual in the days ahead.

question: What sparked an official impeachment inquiry with Donald Trump?

answer: A memo of Trump's phone call with the president of Ukraine.

question: How much money did Trump order his staff to withhold?

answer: $400m

question: What had this money been intended for?

answer: Aid and relief to Ukraine.

question: What does Adam Schiff compare Trump's tactic to?

answer: A classic mob shakedown.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Former President Donald Trump faced impeachment charges after a phone call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. In a memorandum released after the July 25th call the President urges Zelensky to consider the amount of aid the US gives the Ukraine in comparison to what it receives from European countries. He also discussed Senator Biden's son and the Attorney General in separate tangents. Many Democratic legislators are accusing Trump of bringing up the topic of US aid to Ukraine as leverage and accuse the White House of excessively slimming down a 30-minute conversation into a document that is only five pages long. White House Press Secretary Stephanie Grisham noted in her statement that the memorandum is full, redacted transcript, though the document itself notes it is not a transcript.


text:
Hello reddit. My first terrifying step into this sub.
Let me have it with both barrels.
_________________________________

I caught up with Jukes and the guys at Dweeb’s place right after dinner on the hottest Halloween Night on record. We were all there; me, Jukes, Bag o’Donuts, DV, Miller and Dweeb, and we had the place to ourselves, Dweeb’s dad was out with some new skank, but we weren’t planning on staying long.

Halloween Night!

Me and DV were ninjas, some sweet gear bought from the we’re-not-worthy, 86-page glossy color catalogue from Asian World of Martial Arts. We had no-shit, for-real tabi and climbing crampons (hand-and-foot!), as well as smoke bombs and our everyday-nunchakus. DV swiped his Dad’s katana and wakizashi and looked bad-ass.

Jukes was a zombie, poorly done. He had some old clothes on and smeared his eyes with black.

Bag o’Donuts was a clown straight off the shelf. Plastic poncho printed with 4 color clown-suit graphics and plastic mask with the most tripped-out clown face the Taiwanese could think of. He looked like he was 5 and we jagged him off about it for a while until he almost started crying.

Miller was a football player, and since he was a football player, it wasn’t much of a costume, but his parents were poor so we didn’t give him much shit about it. He didn’t have a ball, though, and Dweeb gave him his for the night but Miller said he didn’t want it and Dweeb got pissed off, like he always does, until Miller said “why I want the fuckin ball man? I cant carry it and my candy bag, Dweeb!” and Jukes goes “Yeah Dweeb, shut the fuck up!” and Bag laughs.

Me and DV strike assault poses and look indifferent.

Dweeb gets surly and throws the ball away and Jukes laughs again and says “Fuckin Dweeb, why you such a surly motherfucker? Man can’t run for 20 and get the sweet now can he? Why you always gotta be such a fuckin dweeb, Dweeb?”

Bag piped up, “Where’s your costume, Mike?” (Bag always called Dweeb by his real name)

Jukes cuts in “Yeah Dweeb, what are you going as? Lame-ass pirate like last year? Man that was so lame!”

Miller says “What’s wrong with pirates? Pirates are cool. Why don’t you lay off Dweeb, man, you just looking to fight tonight.”

Jukes says, “Shut up Miller” and asks Dweeb again what costume he’s wearing.

Dweeb says “I’ve got it upstairs, lemme go change. Ok?”

Me and DV begin the slow-mock, a slow motion, soft-touch battle with fist and leg.

Miller plops on the couch and says “Man I’m so hungry, I can’t wait to get that candy. How much you think we’re gonna get? 2 bags? 3?”

Jukes and Bag both start yammering about the likelihood of bodacious amounts of candy given that they are so much bigger and stronger than last year and can thusly cover more distance and obtain more loot. Halloween always ran from 6 pm to 10 pm. We were planning on being out until 11 pm at least, figuring people wouldn’t risk the tricks from such a scary bunch of kids and would have to give us candy no matter what time it was.

They were planning the route, a slash-and-burn affair, skipping all the old people houses and the dead-ends, and places like the top of Foxboro Drive, where you couldn’t cut across to another street, when Dweeb appears in the doorway. He is costumed.

Jukes and Bag immediately stop arguing and stare, open-mouthed.

Dweeb is clad, head-to-foot, in genuine Stormtrooper armor, straight outta Star Wars. He even had the rifle.

Bag just whistles, a long rolling tweet of amazement, and Jukes, well for the first time in all the years I had known him, Jukes was speechless.

Dweeb looked amazing. We all jumped up and were crowded around him, flinging questions and touching his costume. Jukes ripped the rifle out of Dweeb’s hands and was running around going “Pyoo, pyoo!” at imaginary enemies.

We all chased him, grabbing and yelling and Dweeb was shouting “Gimmebackmygun!”, and Jukes finally took a header over the corner of the coffee table and there was a crash and Jukes starts bawling like he did that time we all took a tumble down Doc Leeson’s back hill and Jukes tore his knee up on a real jagged boulder, and the room stops.

Dweeb is on Jukes in a second, grabbing for his gun, while Bag and Miller run to Jukes and start peppering him with questions and jagging him off for being such an asshole. DV and I say nothing, staring open-mouthed at Dweeb, who is holding the now-broken genuine Stormtrooper rifle, the look on his face, strangely, of acceptance as if he knew, all-along, that this would happen.

Jukes is still bawling about his shin, which is scraped pretty bad, Miller’s got Jukes’ pantleg raked up and he’s poking the bloody slash to piss off Jukes, who howls and tries to hit Miller but misses like he always does.

Bag is still hollering at Jukes, “Why you such a dumbass Jukes, why you such a stupid jagoff? Why you always gotta mess everything up, you stupid jackass? You broke Mike's gun man.”

Dweeb shuffles off towards the garage, his head down like always.

Jukes finally gets Miller off him and he pulls himself into the lounge chair that Dweeb’s dad had saturated with one million stinky farts over the years, and we knew it as the Shit Chair. Jukes was now sitting in the Shit Chair. The rank-out began anew. Bag dropped to the ground clutching his sides, consumed with laughter, screaming “Jukes you’re in the Shit Chair, Shit Chair boy! Jukes is the King of Farts!”

Miller and I started making fart noises as loud and as fast as we can, and DV is bent over, waving his ninja-clad butt at Jukes. Jukes gets out of the chair, fast. He plops onto the floor and then has to scramble away when he realizes he’s still leaning against the orange-brown Shit Chair.

After a few minutes of ragging on Jukes, the group goes quiet again. Dweeb still isn’t back from the garage, and none of us want to go and find him, thinking he’s probably sitting in the dark, crying like a girl, and no one wants to deal with that.

Miller finally gets to his feet, we all knew that if anyone was gonna go check on Dweeb, it would be Miller, but as he’s heading for the garage, Dweeb reappears. His gun is whole and he’s got a strange look on his face, like a smile that couldn’t quite make it all the way to the other side of his face.

Bag said “What gives, Mike? You had two guns or what?”, and Dweeb shakes his head and says “Nah. Duct tape and white spray paint. Its still a little wobbly,” and he flexes the gun a little, showing where he taped it, “but it should still be ok, I guess.”

DV lets out a whoop and we scramble into action. The night is young, the candy bowls unplundered and we had hours ahead of us. Up the stairs and out into the sweltering night. This was a rogue night, a summer runaway that had no business lurking in October. The sun had only been down for maybe 20 minutes but it was still almost 80 degrees.

We planned on hitting the rich neighborhood first, the candy was bigger, better, and sometimes you could get more than once piece if the person liked your costume or you were friendly enough. This year, though, we came across a place where they weren't home and they had left a heaping pile of candy on a silver platter with a sign that said, “Take one”!

Yeah, we took it all. We did leave the platter though. Jukes said we should take it, pawn it at the store, get twenty bucks for it, but Miller told him to shut up, said “We ain't thieves, man, I ain't no thief and why the hell you wanna steal stuff for, Jukes? You just gonna spend the money on firecrackers and titty mags anyway! Then you're broke again, dumbass Jukes! Seriously, man, you need to ...” Miller didn't get to finish his sentence because Jukes had, during this public shaming, been turning a bright shade of red and breathing like a mad bull and when Miller called him a dumbass he bellowed just like one and charged him, head down, exactly like they teach you not to do in football.

They crashed together, Miller was caught off guard and staggered a few steps, but he was built like a brick house, small but solid and Jukes bounced off him and fell to his knees right in the middle of the street. Jukes came up yelling, fists windmilling, head down; the classic angry child's assault. Miller looked stunned. His eyes were wide and his mouth was open and the rest of the guys were yelling at Jukes to stop and what the hell and what are you doing man, and I just gawked with the rest of them. We never fought. Never. Maybe some guys did on a regular basis, but we never did. There was nothing to prove. We all knew our places and we didn't rail against them.

Jukes was breaking the rules. Sure, Miller had jagged him about stealing the plate, but that was nothing worse than what Miller usually gave Jukes crap about, and he called him a dumbass twenty times a day, sometimes.

Jukes had snapped. His eyes were glassy with tears, his mouth was a fanged shred in his face, a roaring babble of cursing and angry glossolalia boomed from it, and he look like he had seen something so terrible, so outer-space-gods-covered-in-space-god-tentacles insanity-inducing that his tiny brain had popped like a water balloon.

Jukes launched himself again  Miller, crazed animal full of rage and Miller did what only Miller could do, and the way Miller did everything was by not thinking, but by just reacting and making his own luck, his own magic. Miller did a shuffling stutter-step, it looked like a step and a head-bob with a little dance attached to it; any boxer would have recognized it. A fist like a crusty rock appeared out of nowhere, a graceful arc to it, a perfect parabola that ended at Jukes' head. Not his face or his jaw. Nowhere he could get really hurt, maybe hurt real bad for a long time, not even near his ear. Miller clubbed him on the side of the skull, near the back where it starts to slope down to the neck.

It was like a cartoon almost. The angry, charging bull bearing down on the seemingly innocent man and at the last second the man pulls out a huge sledgehammer and wallops the stars out of the bull, who lays unconscious at his feet.

Jukes was out cold.

We all stood there, no one said anything. Jukes was lying on the ground, and he wasn't moving.
Miller bent down and checked that he was still breathing. His face had drained of color and his eyes were wide and showing white from the shock of the last 20 seconds.
He goggled at us. He said “I just wanted him to stop. Crazy bastard!”

No one said anything.

That was the end of the our Last Halloween.

We drifted apart after that, to our own lives, to new friends, to new experiences.

Jukes was fine. He never retaliated or anything. We all just pretended like it never happened and we all decided, unspoken, that whatever bonds we had were now dissolved.

1981.

title: [RF] Last Halloween

question: What is the group's strategy for maximizing takings on Halloween?

answer: They plan to run an hour beyond 10 pm when trick or treating usually comes to an end. They have also planned the route. They would start in the rich neighborhood first. They also planned on skipping all the old people houses, deadends and streets where you couldn't cross to another street.

question: What does the story say about Mike's outfit?

answer: Mike aka Dweeb did not initially have a costume on and the other boys teased him about the pirate costume he had worn the previous year. When Dweeb eventually changed into his costume, the boys were amazed. Dweeb was clad, head-to-foot, in genuine Stormtrooper armor, straight out of Star Wars. He even had the rifle.

question: What caused the fight between Jukes and Miller?

answer: The boys found a plate full of sweets at a rich home. They took all the sweets but left the plate. Jukes wanted to take the plate and pawn it. Miller started mocking Jukes about what he would do with the money. Jukes was humiliated and lost his temper.

question: Where was Dweeb's father when Jukes was sitting on his shit chair?


text:
[King County Geologic Cross Section] [King County Geologic Map] The _TUKWILA FORMATION_ is a geological formation is King county, Washington within the Puget Group. It is named after Tukwila area, which is close to the formation. The formation consists of various fossils of marine origin.[1]

The Tukwila formation is mainly composed of andesitic to dacitic volcanic sandstone, siltstone, shale, tuff-breccia, tuff, lahar, and carbonaceous shales. The tuff-breccia has an approximate age of 42 Ma.[2]

Fauna

Vertebrate fauna

Vertebrate fauna mainly consists of just shark remains. Mainly one unnamed species of Goblin shark and one unnamed species belonging to the same genus as the Whitetip reef shark.[3][4]

-   Triaenodon.sp
-   Mitsukurina.sp

Invertebrate fauna

Are the following:

-   ? Coeloma martinezensis
-   Zanthopsis vulgaris
-   Terebratulina washingtoniana
-   Protula sp.
-   Glycymeris saggittata
-   Venericardia clarki
-   Colwellia bretzi
-   Brisaster sp.

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title: Tukwila Formation

question: Where is the Tukwila formation?

answer: In King county, Washington.

question: What is it named after?

answer: Tukwila area, which is close to the formation.

question: What does the formation consist of?

answer: Various fossils of marine origin.

question: What type of vertebrate fauna was found there?

answer: Mostly shark remains.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The text is about the Tukwila formation, a geological formation in King County, Washington.


text:
TEODOSIJE MRAOVIĆ (1815–1891) was the Metropolitan of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Kingdom of Serbia from 1883 to 1889. Mraović was a hierarch from Vojvodina before moving to Serbia in 1843, and eventually taking over the post of the sacked Metropolitan of Belgrade Mihailo Jovanović.[1]

Biography

Teodosije studied philosophy in Budapest and theology at Sremski Karlovci and entered a monastic order at the Rakovica Monastery, near Belgrade. As there were no bishops in Serbia proper willing to consecrate him as the Metropolitan, he was forced to return to northern Serbian lands, then under Austrian rule, in Sremski Karlovci, where patriarch German Anđelić, with the express approval of the Austrian Emperor, performed the necessary rites. The Serbian bishops were subsequently replaced with new appointees: another professor of the Belgrade Seminary, Nestor, born in Kragujevac, was appointed Bishop of Niš; the Sremski Karlovci born archimandrite of the Hopovo Monastery, Samuilo, was sent to Šabac while Kornelije (Cornelius), the administrator of the Ravanica Monastery, in Serbia, was elevated to the Bishopric of Užice. As far as the deposed Metropolitan Mihailo Jovanović was concerned, this new Church administration, unlawfully elected and appointed, was uncanonical according to Serbian ecclesiastical law (_Zakonopravilo_) despite the blessing given by the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople in 1884. By then (1884), the Bishop of Niš, Nestor, died. He was replaced by Dimitrije Pavlović,[2]while the Eparchy of Užice was renamed the Eparchy of Žiča with its seat in Čačak. The bishop of Šabac, Samuilo, died in 1886, and at that point, the Eparchy of Šabac was added to the Belgrade Metropolia, while the Eparchy of Negotin was simply abolished. By 1886 Serbia was divided into only three dioceses -- Belgrade, Niš, and Žiča.

The whole period of Prince Milan Obrenović's rule of Serbia was an extremely trying time for the country, the people, and the Serbian Orthodox Church in particular. [3]His predecessor, Russian-educated Metropolitan Mihailo Jovanović, sacked for being pro-Russian by the Serbian government that favored Austrian rapprochement instead.[4][5]returned in 1889 and harmony in the church was brought back.

Metropolitan Teodosije (Mraović) and his bishops were all secret admirers of Metropolitan Mihailo (Jovanović), and they readily gave up their appointments in the interest of the restoration and normalization in the life of the Church. Also, Teodosije advised his bishops to tell their subordinate clergy to stay above politics, and remain only God's servants.

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[5] 1

title: Teodosije Mraović

question: What organization was Teodosije Mraović the Metropolitan of?

answer: The Serbian Orthodox Church.

question: When was Teodosije Mraović the Metropolitan?

answer: From 1883 to 1889.

question: Where did Teodosije Mraović study philosophy?

answer: Budapest.

question: Where was Teodosije Mraović a hierarch before moving to Serbia?

answer: Vojvodina.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about Teodosije Mraović, a former Metropolitan of the Serbian Orthodox church in the 19th century.