text:
Why, exactly, did the United States end up torturing detainees during GEORGE W. BUSH’S administration’s war on terror, when there was no scientific proof that coercive interrogations would yield valuable intelligence, and ample proof that it would harm our national security interests, elicit false information and spread unnecessary ill will throughout the Muslim world, possibly for generations to come?

It’s a head scratcher, to say the least, but a blockbuster report issued last week suggests one answer: greed. Specifically, the greed of psychologists who hoped to receive, and in some cases did receive, financial benefits in exchange for providing the Pentagon with intellectual and moral cover for its torture of detainees.

The American Psychological Association, roughly the equivalent of the American Medical Association for psychologists, played a crucial, long-hidden role in the story of American torture. JAMES ELMER MITCHELL, who created the C.I.A.’s torture program with BRUCE JESSEN, was a member of the A.P.A. Psychologists sold the C.I.A. and the Pentagon on a menu of aggressive interrogation techniques presented as scientifically proven to be effective; in reality, they were based on Communist methods designed not to find the truth but to produce false confessions that could be used for propaganda purposes.

When information about psychologists assisting in coercive interrogations began to trickle out in 2004, the A.P.A. did not condemn the psychologists involved. Instead, the A.P.A. defended them, thereby applying a sheen of respectability to coercive interrogations. The new, 542-page report—named after DAVID HOFFMAN, the former prosecutor who oversaw the investigation—found that the A.P.A. task force that made some of these critical ethical decisions was influenced by behind-the-scenes collusion with the Defense Department.

Indeed, this was a uniquely American scandal—one with careerism and profiteering at its heart, and real science out the window. But a close reading of the 542-page report raises another troubling possibility: were it not for the immediate and future profits to be made by psychologists looking for any angle for self-advancement, the torture of detainees may have never happened at all.

As well, had the defense department, ever sensitive about public opinion, faced unanimous opposition from all the medical and mental health professional societies, it may well have been forced to reconsider its interrogation methods early on.

This began, for the most part, in 2005, when the executive board of A.P.A. convened the Presidential Task Force on Psychological Ethics and National Security to determine whether the A.P.A. ethics code adequately addressed a relatively new phenomenon in the war on terror: psychologists who were in the room during coercive interrogations, and helping to extract intelligence. The PENS task force deliberations led to a change in the organization’s ethics code, which clarified that psychologists could be present, so long as they saw their role as to help keep the interrogations safe, legal, ethical and effective.

It was a loophole big enough to drive a waterboard through.

In 2006, a number of the psychologists who sat on the task force, and disagreed with its conclusions, came to see me, alleging that the process had been manipulated, the task force itself had been packed with military psychologists and its conclusion essentially pre-ordained. The task force records they gave me held no overt evidence of collusion. However, my investigation ultimately led me to find that it was two psychologists on contract to the C.I.A., Mitchell and Jessen, who had actually designed the C.I.A.’s coercive interrogation regimen, by reversing the tactics used in a military training course, Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape (SERE), that is used to train troops how to resist interrogations.

And as we learned from a report summary released by the U.S. Senate Select Intelligence Committee last December, Mitchell and Jessen not only designed and monitored the torture, but undertook it with sleeves rolled up, an effort for which their company Mitchell Jessen & Associates was awarded $180 million in contracts by the C.I.A., $81 million of which was paid by the time the agreement was terminated.

The Hoffman report is about their enablers, the senior staff of the A.P.A. who gave the Defense Department and to a lesser degree the C.I.A. cover for these activities, when other medical associations had pulled its members from the torture chambers. Why would a high-level task force of psychologists give their okay, and in so doing, corrupt a professional association to its core? One of the answers, concludes the Hoffman report, is money. The DoD had been a long-standing benefactor to the psychology profession, and interrogations were a potential growth sector. There was, in other words, a market for white-washing torture. “In some ways, DoD is like a rich, powerful uncle to A.P.A.” the report concludes. “The financial motivations for A.P.A. related to the substantial benefits that flowed from DoD to the profession of psychology.”

The report details how A.P.A. officials colluded secretly with defense department officials, plotted to deflect critics, used procedural sleight-of-hand to bury ethics complaints against participating psychologists, ignored blatant conflicts of interest, kept their communications secret and even tried to destroy the e-mail trail when things got too close for comfort. So determined were some A.P.A. staff to remove any daylight between psychologists and their defense department benefactors, that they even suppressed a book of essays raising questions about war’s troubling impact, with the specious claim that some of the science wasn’t sound.

At least one former A.P.A. president, JOSEPH MATARAZZO, was consulted by the C.I.A. as to whether sleep deprivation constituted torture. He gave his expert opinion that it wasn’t necessarily torture. He wound up with a one percent ownership stake in Mitchell Jessen & Associates, though he told the Sidley Austin firm that his stake was in an entity called Knowledge Works, a division of the company devoted to continuing education activities.

The most extreme example of collusion, according to the report, is the A.P.A.’s own ethics director DR. STEPHEN BEHNKE, who comes off as a villainous charmer practically worthy of Shakespeare. Behnke’s back-channel communications with DR. MORGAN BANKS, then the Chief Army Operational Psychologist for the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, were so continuous – checking in to determine what A.P.A.’s position should be, what its public statements should say, and what strategy to pursue -- that they amounted to an “undisclosed joint venture,” the report says.

The collaboration between the two men was intended to be secret. According to the Hoffman report, in an e-mail to Banks where Behnke “sought his review and pre-clearance” of a draft A.P.A. statement, Behnke told Banks that ‘discretion about prior review is essential.’ They titled numerous emails ‘Eyes Only,’” and discussed making sure their e-mails were “securely deleted.”

In one instance where Behnke was to do a live N.P.R. interview on the interrogation question, he expressed to Banks and another military associate that he wished they could be in the room with him to help him better refine the desired message. When one DoD official praised him as a “superb strategist,” the report notes Behnke responded with an “e-mail wink emoticon.”

We also learn here for the first time that a desire to help the C.I.A.-contracted psychologists Mitchell and Jessen continue their work was likely one factor that led the A.P.A. to form its task force. KIRK HUBBARD, a leading C.I.A. psychologist, who supervised Mitchell and Jessen, contacted the organization in March 2004 with the concern that psychologists assisting in interrogations might be violating the A.P.A. ethics code. Instead of raising questions about their activities, Behnke took the lead in proposing an approach that would be “positive [and] supportive” of the psychologists in question. That approach turned out to be a wholesale change to the ethics code.

The report also raises the specter of self-dealing, in that while Behnke was manipulating the A.P.A.’s processes, he was serving as a contractor to DoD, leading psychologist interrogation training programs. The Hoffman report states that it had not yet determined whether Behnke had turned over all defense department contracting fees to the A.P.A.’s ethics office. The report also shows that Behnke purposely concealed his contracting activities from the A.P.A. board. In emails, he proposed to one military psychologist that he describe the trainings in his “yearly report to the Board” with “something simple” like “training on ethics and interrogations” without identifying the military facility where the trainings took place.

With calls growing for a Justice Department investigation of A.P.A. officials, it was disclosed Sunday that Behnke had retained probably the best person to stop a Justice Department probe in its tracks: former F.B.I. director Louis Freeh. Freeh released a statement calling the Hoffman report “defamatory” and a “gross mischaracterization of [Behnke’s] intentions, goals, and actions.” The statement concludes with a barely-veiled threat: “Fortunately, in America it is judges and juries who decide the law, not private organizations beholden to political agendas.” On Tuesday, the A.P.A. announced the retirement of its C.E.O. and deputy C.E.O. (the latter of whom was Behnke’s supervisor), and the resignation of its communications director, who had been involved in much of the association's disingenuous messaging. (A representative from Freeh’s office declined to make Behnke available for comment.)

With the release of the report, the A.P.A. issued a public apology for the organizational failings, as well as proposals to increase transparency and overhaul its ethics process. But one thing is clear: over the last decade, many supposed experts in parsing the human psyche allowed the expectation of fat government contracts to cause them to lose their heads.

question: What does the text say about greed?

answer: In light of George Bush's war on terror, greed fuels psychologists of the American Psychological Association to work with the Pentagon in using torture to obtain information from detainees as there is great money involved. Psychologists Mitchell and Jensen designed and monitored the torture, and the CIA awarded their company $180 million in contracts.

question: What does the text say about how effective is torture as a strategy to apply to war detainees?

answer: Torture brings more harm than good. It is unethical, and there is no scientific proof that it would yield valuable information. It will only harm the national security interest and spread ill will among Muslims.

question: What does the text say about the American Psychological Association's public apology?

answer: As a response to the 542-page report by David Hoodman that details how APA officials work with the CIA to facilitate torture to war detainees or allow it to happen, APA issued a public apology and proposed to increase transparency and overhaul its ethics process.

question: What does the text say about George Bush's comment on the torture scandal?


split: test

text:
Whilst some of the functinality may continue to work on versions earlier than Sketch v53; I am no longer spending my time actively working on this project. Thanks for all the support of those that have been using Paddy!

For a deeper understanding of why I have stopped working on it; find out more here.

It seems that the Sketch team are looking into building this functionality natively 🎉; in the meantime, Anima have released an update that has a lot of the same functionality as Paddy 2; check it out here.

This code is open source, so please feel free to fork it and do whatever you want with it 👌

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[Paddy sketch plugin – automated padding and spacing for your Sketch layers]

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[Using Paddy]

[]
Double click the downloaded file (_Paddy.sketchplugin_) to install it.

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IF YOU ARE USING THIS PLUGIN, PLEASE 'STAR' THIS PROJECT. It's a simple way for me to be able to see how many people are using this, and how much effort I need to put into improving it further.

If you _LOVE_ this plugin, why not shout me a coffee ☕ via PayPal to share the love! It will definitely help me to be able to support this plugin further.

[]
Follow @davidwilliames on Twitter [Twitter Follow]

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[Go to 'Layer padding'] [Go to 'Automatically applied'] [Go to 'Symbol support'] [Go to 'Spacing & distribution'] [Go to 'Auto alignment']
📖 View change log / release notes

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Why this plugin?

There are some similar plugins out there that do some of the features of this plugin, but none of them do all of it in the simple way I wanted them to.

-   AUTOMATIC: Most other plugins require a keyboard shortcut for them to be applied, or re-applied. This is all done automatically as you manipulate your layers; simply deselect everything, and will be updated.
-   VISIBLE PROPERTIES: It's easy to scan your layer list to see what padding / spacing is applied to your layers and groups; without the need to select them individually. This is because all the properties are set via the layer's name.
-   NO SPECIAL DATA MANIPULATION: This simply resizes and moves your layers to optimal positions – it doesn't turn your groups into a special 'Stack group' or something; so other people or programs such as Zeplin, can read the Sketch file perfectly fine, without the need for this plugin too.
-   LIGHTWEIGHT: It just does a couple of core things – it's not bloated with a bunch of unused features.

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[Layer padding]

Padding can be applied to one 'Background' layer (either a shape layer or a Symbol) of a group. The 'Background' layer will automatically resize itself so that it surrounds all other layers within that group by a specified amount.

Specify the padding amount within the background layer's name between '[' and ']'. e.g. Background [10 20]. The format of the padding values should be in the same order as CSS.

Examples:

-   [20]
    -   all sides have a padding of 20
-   [10 5]
    -   top and bottom padding are 10
    -   left and right padding are 5
-   [10 5 15]
    -   top padding is 10
    -   right and left padding are 5
    -   bottom padding is 15
-   [10 5 15 20]
    -   top padding is 10
    -   right padding is 5
    -   bottom padding is 15
    -   left padding is 20

Run the plugin command 'ENTER PADDING FOR SELECTION' or Control + Alt + p to bring up an input field, to save padding to all your selected layers easier.

If you don't want to be prompted to enter the specified padding, and instead want it to be automatically inferred from what it already is – run the command 'IMPLY PADDING FOR SELECTION' or Command + shift + p.

[Padding example]

Ignoring specific layers

To ignore specific layers when the Background layer is calculating it's size based on the padding. Simply prefix the name of the layer you want to ignore with a '-'. e.g. -new badge would be ignored.

[Padding example ignoring layer]

Ignoring padding for specific edges

If you don't want to apply padding to the top, bottom, left or right; simply use an 'X' instead of a number.

E.g to set padding of 60 to the top and bottom, but ignore applying any padding on the left and right, the background layer's name would include [60 x]

[Padding example ignoring width]

More advanced sizing expressions

You can also specific maximum and minimum sizes alongside padding values, separated by a semi colon – ';'. e.g. [20 10; width <= 50] would apply a max width of '50'.

-   For width use: width or w
-   For height use: height or h
-   Available operators: >=, >, <, <=, =

EXAMPLE: [20;h>=250] would apply padding of '20' in all directions, with a minimum height of '250'. [Padding example with minimum height]

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[Automatically applied]

In order to resize the background layer to the specified padding, simply deselect all layers – or press esc on your keyboard to deselect layers automatically.

This will automatically update all paddings and spacing for the previously selected layers.

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[Symbol support]

A lot of time and effort has gone into making sure Paddy works with symbols as well. If a symbol contains a background layer with padding; the symbol instance will automatically resize so that the background layer has enough padding around its sibling layers.

[Padding example resizing symbols]

This works great for creating dynamically resizing buttons.

[Padding example resizing symbols]

This should work with Sketch Libraries too! (At least it seems to in my limited testing – fingers-crossed 🤞)

This does not manipulate elements within a symbol, it simply resizes the symbol to the best size to fit. Because of this, each symbol cannot contain more than one 'Background layer' with padding.

For best results, avoid applying padding in deeply nested groups within the symbol.

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[Spacing & distribution]

Similar to Anima's Stacked layers or the Distributer plugin, you can also apply 'spacing' to any group, for it to automatically distribute all its children.

To set the spacing / distribution of the layers in a group, add the spacing properties within a [ and ]; similar to applying padding to a group.

PROPERTIES: [_{Spacing}{direction}_]

-   SPACING: the amount of spacing e.g. '10', '4'
-   DIRECTION:
    -   'h' for horizontal
    -   'v' for vertical

Spacing / distribution examples

-   [10v] – spacing the elements vertically, with a spacing of 10
-   [5h] – spacing the elements horizontally, with a spacing of 5

Run the plugin command 'APPLY SPACING TO SELECTION' or Control + Alt + Command + p to bring up an input field, to save spacing to all your selected groups easier.

[Spacing example]

Spacing in symbols

Let's talk about spacing in symbols. You can layout your elements with 'spacing' within your Master symbol artboard, if that makes things easier... however, it will not maintain the spacing after overriding the symbol. This is simply not possible without doing some weird data manipulation, which would break viewing it in other programs such as Zeplin.

If however, you do not care about being compatible with programs such as Zeplin; you can you Anima's AutoLayout plugin with 'Stack groups'. Paddy will take Stack groups into account when resizing a symbol; even with its overrides. Which in most cases, is probably what you want to do when applying spacing within your Symbol.

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[Auto alignment]

You can also set the alignment for all the layers within a group — all of which will be automatically applied. 'Alignment' can be applied on a group by itself, or in conjunction with 'spacing'.

Similar to spacing / padding, it is by naming the group something specific, within [ and ].

PROPERTIES: [_{alignment}_] or [_{Spacing}{direction} {alignment}_]

ALIGNMENT

-   'l' / 'left' – align to the left
-   'c' / 'center' – align in the center, horizontally
-   'r' / 'right' – align to the right
-   't' / 'top' – align on the top
-   'm' / 'middle' – align in the middler, vertically
-   'b' / 'bottom' – align on the bottom

[Alignment example]

EXAMPLES

-   [left] – align all layers left
-   [10v c] – space all layers vertically with a spacing of 10, all centered horizontally
-   [5h b] – space all layers horizontally with a spacing of 5, all aligned at the bottom

[Alignment with spacing example]

You can even specify more than one alignment value, if you wish. For example: [c m] will align the layers in the middle and center. Or [t c] to align on the top + center.

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Contribute and report bugs

This plugin is in active development.

Pull requests are welcome and please submit bugs 🐛.

Contact

-   Email david@williames.com
-   Follow @davidwilliames on Twitter

[Twitter Follow]

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Check out my other Sketch Plugins:

-   📕 PDF Export
-   Google Sheets content sync
-   Nudge Resize
-   Nudge Corner Radius

question: What is one of the most crucial setbacks to developing open-source third-party plugins for popular software?

answer: The software might decide to develop a better plugin than the third-party one.

question: What is the main advantage of Paddy Sketch plugin over other third-party plugins?

answer: It responds to layer manipulation automatically without having to manually activate the plugin.


text:
_TRANSPIRAÇÃO CONTÍNUA PROLONGADA_ (Portuguese for “_Prolonged Continuous Transpiration_”) is the debut album by Brazilian alternative rock band Charlie Brown Jr., released on June 16, 1997 through Virgin Records.[1] It was one of the band's many releases to be produced by the duo Rick Bonadio and Tadeu Patolla, and the latter's own band, Lagoa, made a guest appearance on the track “Escalas Tropicais” in one of their final credited works prior to their break-up. Other guest musicians include rappers P.MC and DJ Deco Murphy, famous for their partnership and their later work on hip hop group Jigaboo.

According to the band's guitarist, Marcão, in a 2017 interview following the album's 20th anniversary, its name was an allusion to all the hard work they endured until they were able to record it.[2]

_Transpiração Contínua Prolongada_ spawned five hit singles and, despite initial mixed reception at the time of its release,[3] it was a commercial success, selling over 250,000 copies and getting a Platinum certification by Pro-Música Brasil. As of 2013, the album had sold over 650,000 copies overall.[4]

The album was re-released twice; in 2013 by EMI, following the death of vocalist Chorão,[5] and in 2017 by Universal Music Group, in a double-disc 20th-anniversary deluxe edition. The second disc serves as a greatest hits album, containing some of the band's most well known singles throughout their career.[6]

Critical reception

In a retrospective review of the band's discography, Anderson Nascimento of Galeria Musical gave _Transpiração Contínua Prolongada_ a positive review, rating it with 4 stars out of 5. He praised the band's originality, heavy sound and attitude.[7] Conversely, a contemporary review by Cláudio Luís de Souza for newspaper _Diário do Grande ABC_ from June 6, 1999 called the album's sonority (and the band's overall) “derivative” and criticized Chorão's songwriting as “crude and silly”.[8]

Track listing

Personnel

Charlie Brown Jr.

-   Chorão – vocals
-   Champignon – bass guitar, backing vocals, beatboxing
-   Thiago Castanho – electric guitar, backing vocals
-   Marcão – electric guitar
-   Renato Pelado – drums

Additional musicians

-   Rick Bonadio – electric guitar in “Aquela Paz”, solo guitar in “Quinta-Feira”, sampler in “Charlie Brown Jr.”
-   Tadeu Patolla/Lagoa – arrangements in “Escalas Tropicais”
-   P.MC – rapping in “Lombra”
-   DJ Deco Murphy – scratches in “Lombra” and “Charlie Brown Jr.”

Production

-   Rodrigo Castanho – mixing
-   Mário Fontes – cover art
-   Shin Shikuma – photography

[1] 1

[2] 2

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Transpiração Contínua Prolongada

question: What is the title of Charlie Brown Jr.'s (the Brazilian alternative rock band) debut album?

answer: It is called Transpiração Contínua Prolongada.

question: What are the names of the guest musicians on Transpiração Contínua Prolongada?

answer: They are P.MC, Lagoa, DJ deco Murphy, among others.

question: How many hit singles did Transpiração Contínua Prolongada spawn?

answer: Five.

question: What was the general reception of the album?

answer: It was positive, with the album selling over 250,000 copies.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer:
Transpiração Contínua Prolongada was the debut album by the Brazilian alternative rock band, Charlie Brown Jr.

The band collaborated with guest musicians like P.MC, DJ Deco Murphy, and Lagoa, among others.

The album, when released, spawned five singles and sold over 250,000 copies.


text:
 “So should I start from the beginning?” “Yes the beginning should be fine” the voice answered. Lawrence thought for a moment. “I’m not sure where to start, I guess it started after high school from what I remember” I wasn’t always like this, I used to be normal I guess. I remember I used to run. Run for hours at a time. Always running...” “How did you feel when you were running?” Lawrence tried to look up, but hesitated and stared back at her feet. “Something like a free spirit, I felt like I could do anything when I ran”. “Do you still run?” the voice responded. “In my dreams I’m always running, but it’s not the same. It’s as if something is chasing me. I don’t know what it is but if I stay still for too long I get a sick feeling in my stomache. The sky gets dark, I can’t explain it.” “Well it sounds to me like your running from someone. Any idea who it could be?” The voices tone changed when asking this question. Another voice commented before Lawrence had a chance to speak. “Is there anyone in your life who abandoned you? Lawrence hesitated, she finally looked up to see who she was speaking with, but the room was dark. She could see shadows on the other side of the glass. She felt scared. “I don’t want to talk anymore, I need rest.” She then heard footsteps walking away followed by mumbling, but she couldn’t understand what they were saying.

She woke up a few hours later. Cold and aching. The floor was hard and dirty, she didn’t like that. She realized she was alone. How long had she been in this room? She wondered. She wished she knew, but without light or a clock, she had no sense of time. The minutes felt like hours, the hours felt like days. She tried to remember how she ended up here to begin with, but found it difficult to think back, everything seemed hazy. “Lawrence” a voice shouted from the distance. She replied back, “Yes, who’s there?” then silence. This happened occasionally. She assumed there was no voice, and that she was imagining it. Maybe I’m going crazy she thought.

After what seemed like an eternity, she heard steps coming towards her. She called out “Hello? Who’s there?” a voice replied after a few seconds, “Were your friends Lawrence, now let’s have a chat” Well it’s not like I have anything else to do with my valuable time” she replied. “Perfect then, how about you tell me about Samuel first” the voice replied. “How do you know about Samuel!?” Lawrence shouted. “I know a lot more about you then you realize. What’s your relationship like with Samuel? And do be honest; I’ll know if you’re lying”. Came the reply. Who are these people she thought. How do they know so much about me? “Speak now! Were listening” Lawrence asked, “Who are you people? Why are you interrogating me? I just want to be alone.” “Fine then, be alone. Well be ready to talk further when you are.” The reply came back. How did they do that? It sounded like 5 separate voices all just responded in perfect harmony. This scared her, and she found herself back on the ground curled up in a ball.

This time when Lawrence awoke she found herself outside lying under an oak tree. She looked around and noticed she was in the middle of a field. The grass was green, the skies were blue. The last thing she remembered was being locked in a room being questioned by people she could not see. At least I’m out of there now, I can’t complain, she thought. She started to walk the field. Eventually she found a river with the clearest water she has ever seen. After drinking from it for a few minutes she continued her walk. Far off in the distance she could see the figure of a man. He was running for her faster than she had ever seen someone run. She started running towards him too. The excitement in her was immense, seeing she hasn’t seen anyone in who knows how long. When she was about 30 feet from the man she realized he wasn’t running for her, he was running from whatever was behind him. He shouted “Lawrence run! They’re coming!” The confusion set in but she started to run as well. “Who are we running from?” she asked. “I’ll explain when were safe” he replied. So they ran.

After stopping under a bridge a few kilometres away, he explained, “Lawrence, I think were safe now. They can’t find us if were together”. “Safe from what?” She asked. “I’m not sure, but they want us for experiments. They’re going to take us against our will and cut us open!” he started to tremble. “Who are you?” she asked. “I am your protector Lawrence. I will keep you safe. They can’t harm you if I’m here”. The man replied. Lucky me... She thought. They laid down and got some rest.

            “Wake up Lawrence, we have work to do.” A voice gently called out. She awoke once again in the dark room. “What work do we have to do?” she asked. “All in good time dear. How about you answer me a few questions first. Do you remember your dream?” the voice asked. “I don’t recall. Umm running! I was definitely running”. Lawrence responded. “Running huh, do you remember why you were running this time?” she was asked. “No. But I got away! I somewhat recall being protected, but I’m not sure what that means, it’s all so vague” she said. “How are we going to help you if you can’t even remember, are you just wasting our time!? Do you want help Lawrence? You need to start co-operating with us. The consequences will be quite negative unless. I assure you this” the voice said. This strict tone scared her, and she went into a panic. She started thrashing around and banging on the walls. “Get me out of here!!! Why are you keeping me prisoner! I’m innocent.” She screamed. The tears ran down her face. “We wish it was so simple Lawrence, but you’re not going anywhere yet. Rest now, we’ll be back later” the voice said.

                “Wake up Lawrence, we need to go now” a man said. She awoke and screamed “I don’t know what you want from me!! Leave me alone!!” “Calm down Lawrence it’s me, your safe”. The man said. She opened her eyes and realized she had drifted off to sleep, but was awoken by her “Protector”. She never really had time to pay attention to his physical details before, so she studied him closely. He was a handsome man, dark long hair, brown eyes, and clean shaven. He reminded her of a man she once knew but she couldn’t put her finger on who it was. “Where are we going now?” She asked. He looked at her and smiled. “You tell me and I will follow” the protector said. “I’m not familiar with this land..., I guess we’ll go east?” she said. “East sounds great, let’s go” He replied.

                “They started walking east for a good half hour before the sky’s darkened again. They both knew this was not good. “Lawrence, I think we need to run now, I feel them coming. I don’t know how they found us.” The protector said. They both started running, but there was nothing to hide under. It was just empty plains for miles. Not even a tree to hide behind. The Protector said “Lawrence, you run. I’ll stay here and distract them. That should give you enough time to find somewhere to hide”. “No! You can’t leave me alone here! I don’t want to be alone. Just stay well find somewhere together. Please” she begged. “No Lawrence, we won’t escape, I need you to be brave and do as I say”. He said

                “No I can’t go without you!” She screamed. “Without who?” A voice asked. She looked up and realized she was not with the man anymore. Was it all a dream? How could this be, it felt so real she wondered. “Without who Lawrence? Please tell me what happened” the voice said. “She looked to see who was with her now but there was no one. She was back in the dark room. The walls had shadows on them, but there was no light, which didn’t make sense. Was she talking to a shadow? Am I losing my mind? She thought. “Lawrence, were losing our patience, now answer us” the voice said. “No, not until you start telling me some things. Where am I? Why are you keeping me here? Who are you?” She demanded. A few voices all started mumbling at once.  “Hopeless. Hopeless. Hopeless”. They all kept repeating. “Why don’t we just cut her open and get the information we want already. She’s clearly not going to give it to us.” They said. This caught her off guard, and unimaginable amount of fear struck through her. Instant paralysis, she couldn’t even breathe. Her fingers and toes went numb, her eyelids started twitching, and her heart was beating like a marching band on a season opener’s football game. “Protector! I need you now! Please help me; you said you would keep me safe! She thought. She prayed repeatedly for him to arrive. In a flash of light he was in the room with them. “Lawrence, take my hand now” he said, and just like lightning they were gone.

                Back in the field they previously were, before she awoke back in the dark room, they re appeared. The sun was bright and the sky was blue. Birds were flying in the air, and she had an easy feeling go through her. “I knew you would come. Thank you so much, they were going to cut me open. They want some sort of information I have, but I don’t have it” she told the man. He looked her in the eye and said, “Yes Lawrence, you do have it. Now I need you to remember why your here. Remember why you were in the dark room to begin with. I need you to remember quickly, time is short, they’ll be back soon”. “What do you mean they’ll be back soon?” she asked in a panic. The protector said “Who do you think keeps chasing us Lawrence. It’s them. So I need you to remember how you got in that room now.” “I really don’t know. Why is it so important?” she asked. “If someone is willing to cut your head open to find out something, then it’s probably pretty important Lawrence, wouldn’t you think” he responded. “I guess your right” she said. She tried to remember.

                The ground started to shake below them. “Is it an earthquake?” she asked. “I don’t think so Lawrence. There here” he said. Once again the sky went dark. They could see something in the distance heading for them. It moved with such speed that seemed unreal, as it wasn’t an object or vehicle. Not even a body. It looked like a shadow that was eating away at the light. The air went cold. They could see their own breathe it was so cold.

The shadow stopped in front of them. A collective darkness began to form. It was a figure 15 feet tall, but did not resemble a man. It had a body and head, but no legs or arms. It was a terrifying sight.

The protector grabbed Lawrence and tried to run, but could not. The shadows on the ground were holding both of them down. It was like gravity had quadrupled for that moment. There was so much weight on them. They both sank to the ground, lying down beside each other. “Last chance Lawrence, tell me what I want to know” the shadow figure said. “I don’t know what you want me to tell you” she cried. “Have it your way then” the shadow figure said. The figure’s form started to shrink until it was the size of a baseball bat. It then jumped straight into the protector’s chest. The protector screamed for a moment, but then went silent. A grin came on his face and he started to laugh hysterically. The protector looked at Lawrence with the devils smile. It scared her to death. “Lawrence, I have some bad news for you” the protector began to say. He continued with “It would seem your friend here is dead, and it’s your fault. You could have saved his life is you just told me what I wanted to know. Such a pity...” A knife shaped object began to form in his hand, and he came over to Lawrence. He began to cut her scalp open.

                Later on, and not too far away, a doctor approached a couple as they sat crying in the psychiatric ward lobby. Mr & Mrs. Bennigan, I am sorry to say that your daughter is too far gone. I’ve never treated a case of schizophrenia such as this. The frontal lobotomy is done now, and we can only hope for the best. I suggest you go home and get some rest. I assure you that you don’t need to worry about her right now; she’s been on so much medication these past few days it was like she was in paradise for every moment of it. Come back tomorrow and I’ll let you see her.

title: The Shadow Figure

question: What does the story say about shadow puppets?

question: What does the story say about Lawrence?

answer: Lawrence is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bennigan. She's in the hospital's psychiatric ward due to a severe case of schizophrenia. According to the doctors, Lawrence is too far gone, and the only recourse is a frontal lobotomy. She is under heavy medication for the past few days she felt like she was in paradise for every moment of it. This explains why Lawrence alternated between two contrasting worlds, one was a beautiful field with a clear river and a blue sky, while the other was a cold, dark, and dirty room where she was interrogated by shadow figures. The shadow figures asked Lawrence repeatedly about Samuel, whom she said she did not know. In the beautiful field, there was a man who told Lawrence he was her protector and they were running away from the shadow figures. Her surgery coincides with the events in her dreams.

question: What does the story say about the shadow figures who are chasing and interrogating Lawrence?

answer: The shadow figures are presumably hallucinations or voices Lawrence hears due to her severe schizophrenia. In her mind, the shadow figures are either chasing her across a field or she's locked in a dark room while they are in another room and interrogating her via the other side of the glass. Lawrence can't see their faces, but it seems that sometimes they are five voices talking to her in perfect harmony. The shadow figure has the ability to shapeshift, turning into a figure 15 feet tall that didn't resemble a man. It only had a body and head and was terrifying. It also shrunk into a baseball bat-shaped thing that killed Lawrence's protector and turned into a knife that cut her scalp open.


text:
The , signed as ROUTE K7, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of seven of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture. The route is a long expressway running west from the northern terminus of the Daikoku Route at a junction with the Yokohane Route in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, to the Daisan Keihin Road in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture. Alongside the Daikoku Route, it connects northern Yokohama to the region-spanning Bayshore Route.

Route description

The Yokohama North Route begins at Namamugi Junction with the Yokohane and Daikoku routes in Tsurumi Ward near the mouth of the Tsurumi River. From there it travels west through Tsurumi where it enters a tunnel that carries the majority of the length of the expressway. At the eastern entrance to the tunnel the expressway has a partial interchange with National Route 1. The tunnel, named the Yokohama-kita Tunnel, is a long, twin-bore tunnel that travels at a maximum of below the surface.[1] At the western entrance to the tunnel there is another interchange, this one is with Kanagawa Prefecture Route 13. This is also the point where the ramps to and from the Daisan Keihin Road begin and end. The expressway terminates at that highway, but also has access to the local streets in the Tsuzuki Ward where it ends.[2]

The speed limit along the entire length of the Yokohama North Route is set at 60 km/h.[3]

History

The entirety of the Yokohama North Route was opened to traffic on 18 March 2017 instead of being opened in phases like many of the other routes in the Shuto Expressway network. The only addition to the route since its initial opening date is the interchange at Baba, which will open in 2019.[4][5] The Yokohama North Route was connected the Yokohama Northwest Route, opened by the Metropolitan Expressway Company on 22 March 2020. The new expressway connected the Bayshore Route to the Tōmei Expressway.[6]

Gallery

Shutoko K7 Shin-yokohama Entrance.jpg|Shin-Yokohama entrance in Kōhoku-ku Okuma-river truss bridge 01.jpg|The Okuma River Truss bridge Kitasen tunnel -01.jpg|Construction of the tunnel section of the Yokohama North Route in 2011 Metropolitan Expressway Namamugi JCT1.JPG|The eastern terminus of the expressway at Namamugi Junction

Junction list

The entire expressway lies within Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Yokohama North Route

question: What is the Yokohama North Route?

answer: A tolled route.

question: Of what is it a tolled route?

answer: The Shuto Expressway system.

question: Which city does the Shuto Expressway system serve?

answer: Greater Tokyo.

question: When did the Yokohama North Route open to traffic?

answer: 2017.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The Yokohama North Route is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of seven of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture. The route is a long expressway running west from the northern terminus of the Daikoku Route at a junction with the Yokohane Route in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, to the Daisan Keihin Road in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture. Alongside the Daikoku Route, it connects northern Yokohama to the region-spanning Bayshore Route. It opened to traffic in March of 2017.


text:
[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #1 • Mar 3, 2012 (Edited)

This is a picture-heavy DIY guide intended for noobs. Everything is included.
Remove the airbox. Remove the battery. These steps are covered in my DIY guide for replacing the Clutch Master Cylinder.

Follow the clutch line system. We followed it from the reservoir to the half-circle soft line in the clutch master cylinder guide. We are going to follow it the rest of the way to the clutch slave cylinder (CSC) in this guide. Visible in this photo is the hardline (return line) from the Clutch Master Cylinder which goes to the half-circle soft line which goes into the hard line feeding into the CSC. Remove the bolt holding this bracket to the tranny.

The hardline going from the half-circle soft line to the CSC. Remove it from the clip shown here.

Further up the hardline – I am pointing at the clutch slave cylinder. Remove the 2 bolts (14 mm) holding the slave cylinder.

Now pull the slave cylinder out of the area. It’s time to disconnect the hardline feeding to it. The helms method has extra steps that I don’t agree with. I simply unthreaded the hardline from the nut on the CSC (the nut spins on a bearing). In this view, the hardline should be torqued counterclockwise and the nut should be torqued clockwise to unthread the hardline from the nut (and reversed to rethread it into the new CSC).

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[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #2 • Mar 3, 2012 (Edited)

Rethread the line into the new CSC, and reinstall in the reverse order. For reference, here is the helms for replacing the CSC.

Now you need to bleed the clutch system. This is described in the helms shown above. It is also described in the following guides:

Guide 1

Guide 2

Here are some additional thoughts/tips from me:

To bleed the line, loosen the bleeder nut by turning the wrench towards the back of the car. I use the gravity method first- pump the clutch pedal several times, then loosen the bleeder nut for a couple minutes. Tighten the bleeder nut, pump the pedal a few times, and loosen again for a few minutes. Repeat several times. Then I had a helper pump the pedal up for me several times and pump and HOLD. loosen the bleeder nut for 2-3 seconds, then tighten. Repeat many times until you clear all the air out. And yes, unlike the brake pedal, the clutch pedal stays on the floor and has to be manually raised after the bleeder nut has been loosened.

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[imbest123]

Joined Sep 13, 2007

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12,106 Posts

nice write up. when mine went out i replaced the cmc too since it was the original after 125,000 miles and on an upgraded clutch. i recommend anyone to do the same if they have a lot of miles on the cmc as well.

[LiL N]

Joined Sep 12, 2010

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2,225 Posts

Wait I'm confused'.. So how do u get the CSC of the clutch fork?
I know how to get the clutch line off and the 2 bolts, but not sure how its connected to the fork. I haven't done this yet so I just want to clarify before I do this tomorrow night.

[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #5 • Mar 22, 2012

after you remove the 2 bolts, you can just move the slave cylinder right off the fork by moving it an inch away from the fork, then pulling it up out of there. It'll come right off. The 2 are not physically connected, it is only the pressure in the hydraulic system keeping the piston of the CSC pressed against the fork.

[LiL N]

Joined Sep 12, 2010

·

2,225 Posts

  after you remove the 2 bolts, you can just move the slave cylinder right off the fork by moving it an inch away from the fork, then pulling it up out of there. It'll come right off. The 2 are not physically connected, it is only the pressure in the hydraulic system keeping the piston of the CSC pressed against the fork.

Okay, now it seems easy a hell! Just gonna be a bitch reaching the bleeder, unless u reach the bleeder from underneath the car jacked up.

[Type-Spaz]

Joined Feb 1, 2008

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23,836 Posts

Nice write up. I've had to take mine off a couple of times with all of my swaps and setups.

Anyone doing this if interested in replacing your OEM 3 piece clutch line with a single stainless braided clutch line PM me [:)]

[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #8 • Mar 22, 2012

  Okay, now it seems easy a hell! Just gonna be a bitch reaching the bleeder, unless u reach the bleeder from underneath the car jacked up.

It is quite easy. much easier than the master cylinder. I reached the bleeder from the top by standing at the driver's headlight and squeezing my hand between the intake manifold and radiator support. it was tight as hell but after a few minutes I got the hang of it.

[LiL N]

Joined Sep 12, 2010

·

2,225 Posts

Which way do u turn to loosen the bolts for the CSC?
CLOCKWISE OR COUNTER CLOCKWISE?

[LiL N]

Joined Sep 12, 2010

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2,225 Posts

Help broke a bolt cuz I didn't know which way to turn it.
Now I don't know what to do! FML

[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #11 • Mar 24, 2012

Loosening bolts is always counterclockwise. If the stud is stuck in there, you're gonna have to drill it out.

[LiL N]

Joined Sep 12, 2010

·

2,225 Posts

  Loosening bolts is always counterclockwise. If the stud is stuck in there, you're gonna have to drill it out.

I am gonna drill it out right now! I turned it clockwise LOL.

Joined Mar 31, 2012

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20 Posts

On the stock csc There is this retainer plastic plate between the boot and where the rounded piece of the pin that connects to the fork. When I bought my new one it didn't come with that piece?? What should I do

Joined Jan 1, 1970

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0 Posts

  On the stock csc There is this retainer plastic plate between the boot and where the rounded piece of the pin that connects to the fork. When I bought my new one it didn't come with that piece?? What should I do

I don't know what it does but I can telll you that I have not been using that piece for like 4 years, and no issues so far.

Joined Mar 31, 2012

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20 Posts

  I don't know what it does but I can telll you that I have not been using that piece for like 4 years, and no issues so far.

haha alright thanks bud

[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #16 • Oct 4, 2012

it's probably just to dampen any noise (metal to metal) - not like you could hear that over a running engine. If engaging the clutch with the car off, maybe. Strange though, my csc came with it as you can see in the pics.

[Dom04ABP]

Joined Jun 26, 2007

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1,376 Posts

Im doing this tomorrow.... What do you do with the roll pins that are shown, do you have to take them out before unthreading the line?

[Reborn]

Joined Aug 7, 2003

·

16,615 Posts

__ Discussion Starter • #18 • Oct 29, 2012

No. I left those roll pins alone because I could not get them to budge with any tools I had available. Simply unthread the line instead. Much easier. I dont know why the helms calls to remove the roll pins.

[left hook]

Joined May 2, 2012

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75 Posts

Ok... I'm about to perform surgery.

The 2 bolts won't budge counter-clockwise, would WD-40 help?
If not, what do you recommend instead?

[left hook]

Joined May 2, 2012

·

75 Posts

Wait, do I really have to take out the battery to do this?
Can I just use a shorter wrench? Also, the bolts won't budge... would WD-40 help?
Hopefully I don't have to torch it.

question: What does the text say about how to replace the spark plugs?

question: What does the text say about how to replace the Clutch Master Cylinder?

answer: To replace the Clutch Master Cylinder, the airbox and battery need to be removed. The next step is to follow the clutch line system from the reservoir to the half-circle soft line in the clutch master cylinder guide and follow it the rest of the way to the clutch slave cylinder (CSC). The hardline (return line) from the Clutch Master Cylinder goes to the half-circle soft line which goes into the hardline feeding into the CSC. The bolt holding this bracket to the tranny must be removed. Further up the hardline, the two bolts holding the CSC must be removed so the slave cylinder can be pulled out of the area. Before doing so, the hardline feeding to it must be disconnected. To do so, unthread the hardline from the nut on the CSC by torquing it counterclockwise and torquing the nut clockwise. Rethread line into the new CSC, and reinstall in the reverse order.

question: What does the text say about how to bleed the clutch system?

answer: To bleed the line of the clutch system, the bleeder nut needs to be loosened by turning the wrench towards the back of the car. Using the gravity method, pump the clutch pedal several times then loosen the bleeder nut for a couple of minutes. The bleeder nut should be tightened again, the pedal pumped a few times, and the nut loosened again for a few minutes. This should be repeated several times. For the last steps, pump the pedal several times and hold, while loosening the bleeder nut for 2-3 seconds. This should be repeated until all the air is cleared out. Unlike the brake pedal, the clutch pedal stays on the floor and has to be manually raised after the bleeder nut has been loosened.


text:
I stare down at my arm. It’s so pale and unblemished. I slowly lift up my razor blade. I can feel it’s cold anticipation, ready to tear my skin apart, which is exactly what it’s going to do. I drag it across my flesh in a long slow drag. I watch as the warm crimson spreads. My arm, my clothes, -nothing remains dry. Why do I do this to myself? I keep saying that I’m going to stop.
	Suddenly there is a knock at my door. I panic. I wrap a dirty cloth around my arm and run into the hotel closet. “Get out here right now you little bitch.” I can already tell who it is from their voice. My drug dealer. As I’m crouching in the closet I try to slow my breathing, but my heart jumps when the door is kicked in. There’s a tiny hole in the closet door, and I lean forward to put my eye to it. I can see he’s brought company. They’ve moved into another area of my hotel room, possibly the kitchen. I close my eyes as I strain to hear them, but by the time I open my eyes I’m too late. I feel a searing hot rod force its way into the back of my skull. I can’t stop screaming, and that attracts the rest of the men.
	I have no choice but to obey. I come out of the closet quietly while they tie me up.  I try to remain calm, but I falter as the boss begins to talk. “Guess what Sabrina? I woke up today and I found all my drugs and money gone. You’re the last person I’ve sold to in days. What did you do with them?
	I have no idea what he’s talking about. He’s probably high right now. But then I suddenly remember something. The razor blade on my bed. At the current moment they have me tied up, lying face down on the floor. I look up at him and use my most innocent voice. “I didn’t do it, but I know who did. But right now I’m a little uncomfortable. You can keep me tied up, but please let me lie down on the bed. “
	“Why should I care if you’re comfortable or not?”
“Because otherwise I’m not  going to say a thing.”
	“I guess I’ll just have to beat it outta ya.”
I smile a cocky grin. “You already poked out one of my eyes and I haven’t said anything yet.” I hear him curse under his breath as he throws me onto the bed.  Within seconds I find the razor blade and start to cut at the rope that imprisons me. I’m done quickly and he doesn’t even notice.
	“Quite stalling and tell me something already.”
“Oh, I’ll tell you something.”
	“what’s that?”
“you’re going to die.”
I throw my razor, quick and sleek, and watch as his blood spurts out. His goonies have seen enough, and bolt for the door.  They think they’re going to get away, but they’re not. I grab the two closest things on the end table next to my bed, a pen and a vase. I sprint out my door and quickly catch them in the parking garage. The first assailant makes the mistake of turning around to look at me, and I smash the vase into his face, sending a million shards of glass into his eyes, flesh, and even mouth. I grab a piece before it hits the ground and I kill him like I did his boss, by slicing his throat. This whole time his buddy has just been standing there, watching me kill him. Once his friend is done it’s only me and him, and he has my full attention. I take my pen and jab it into his right eye, just like the one that got damaged on my own face less than five minutes ago. I quickly pluck the pen back out and sink it into his heart, and let his body drop. I don’t care about the mess, let the staff clean it up.

title: Short story 1 (warning:bloddy/gore)

question: What weapons does the girl use to kill her assailants?

answer: The razor blade on her bed, a vase, and a pen.

question: Why is the razor blade on Sabrina's bed?

answer: Sabrina was cutting herself on her bed, and left it there when she went into her closet when her assailants came to the door.

question: Why does the drug dealer want to hurt Sabrina?

answer: He thinks she stole money from him. Sabrina thinks he is probably high.


text:
LINDA SUE SCHADLER is the Dean of the College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences at the University of Vermont.[1][2] Her research investigates the mechanical, optical and electric behaviour of polymer composites. She is a Fellow of the Materials Research Society.

Early life and education

Schadler grew up in Niskayuna, New York.[3] Her father worked in metallurgy at General Electric and her mother was a science teacher at Union College.[4] Schadler graduated top of her high school class, and decided to major in science at university.[5]  She studied materials science at the Cornell University and graduated in 1985.[6] She moved to University of Pennsylvania for her doctoral research, working on the mechanisms that underpin monotonic loading and cyclic fatigue.

Research and career

After her PhD, Schadler was a postdoctoral researcher at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Schadler was appointed to the faculty at Drexel University in 1992. She moved to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1996, where she served on the faculty for twenty two years. In 2012 she was made Russell Sage Professor.[7] Her research at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute included studies into polymer composites and other two-phase systems.[8] She eventually became Vice Provost and Dean of Undergraduate Education.[9] Schadler created a video called _Molecules to the Max_, which introduces the general public to materials science.[10][11] She created the beta classroom, an experimental space for novel teaching, as well as a seed fund for pedagogical innovation.[12]

In 2018 Schadler moved to the University of Vermont, where she was made Dean of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences.[13][14] She was awarded a $5 million grant to create a database of polymer nanocomposites and metamaterials that will permit researchers to predict the properties of new materials.[15] At Vermont Schadler looks to ensure scientists and engineers receive training in the humanities.[16]

Awards and honours

-   1994 National Science Foundation National Young Investigator[17]
-   1997 ASM International Bradley Staughton Award[18]
-   1998 ASM International Fellow[19]
-   2011 Elected trustee of the ASM International[20]
-   2016 Elected a fellow of the Materials Research Society[21][22]

Selected publications

-   -   {{Cite paper|last=Schadler|first=Linda|date=2000|title=Single-walled carbon nanotube–polymer composites: strength and weakness|url=|journal=Advanced Materials|volume=12|pages=|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200005)12:10<750::AID-ADMA750>3.0.CO;2-6|via=}
-   -

Personal life

Schadler is married to Tom Feist, with whom she has two children.[23]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]  Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems|website=cmdis.rpi.edu|access-date=2020-02-27}}

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

title: Linda Schadler

question: Summarize who Linda Sue Schadler is.

answer: Linda Sue Schadler is the current Dean of the College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences at the University of Vermont. She grew up in Niskayuna, New York and after graduating high school studied materials at Cornell, graduating in 1985. She went on to have a prolific teaching career which revolved around her doctorate topic of materials. In Vermont, where she now resides, she was granted $5 million to create a database of polymer nanocomposites and metamaterials.

question: Why was Schadler given the grant?


text:
The key to niagras heart
Part 1 Black

josh was an ordinary boy Just like you or me or... so it seemed, on the outside he was just a boy who for some reason , Hated life. In other words he was just a fifteen year old boy who showed no emotion, no feeling, no compassion. He appeared as if he WANTED to be hated in public, wearing clothes no other would DARE to wear at fancy party's he wore jeans a novelty shirt such as a video game character and he always held a cane for NO reason when asked the question "josh what has happened to you" he would reply, "that name serves no purpose to me ... and what did i TELL YOU! i am the same GUY" but he wasn't he had changed... he had not always been like this with jet black hair the dyed red tip scraping his chin. people around him would know, he would only talk sorrow and death after that day... he spoke to M for the very ... last...time M a woman who no one dared mention the full name of in front of black was a fifteen year old girl who had no confidence in herself whatsoever yet black rather... josh, taught her to have some but that is one of his many regrets josh found resolution in M as she was a quite attractive young woman who could no nothing but worry and that... was just what set her over the top. Her wavy pink hair gave her all the power to men in the world and black had power over that he never used it... he wished he did.

Black didnt have many people he concidered friends but he had many people who was TRYING to be his friend  he knew it... but did not want it he was happy with the friends he already had there names all changed when he changed to blackdare... well atleased to him he had his best friends Linkkirby, grayslimer and M--- wait  black thaught to himself why did i "OH NO" he shouted outloud as his mind jumped back in time... this was no "flashback" he could controll himself but... things always had the same outcome that night when M leaned in and said ... it was to painfull to say but ha always, he always said the same thing "no I...I DONT WANT TO HURT YOU" he regains control but the part that really pains me, you , black its hard too tell 1st,2nd or 3rd person who am i the world just pushes us and when we push back the world cries.

GAH black awoke with a freight he told the only erson he could tell
"kirby it happend again DONT CALL ME MAD ITS NOT A DREAM or a flashback"
kirby replied five minutes later
"JOSH its 3AM my name is not kirby pull yourself together your father already said family curse"
"KIRBY i am NOT josh and do NOT mention my father you have NO right"
the skype call ended there with the same words every covosation ends with"you have alot of people who want to help you they were friends with josh ... not blackdare and i am starting to see why"
I did not cry ... she had my tears and she misused themi got up and had asoden thaught that i was afraid of so i forgot about it it would drag me back there but perhaps...this time.

Part 2 Kirby

"OMG josh is soo annoying right now slimer"
"what do you mean NOW kirby he has been like this ever since he said the UNUSABLE PHRASE to m kirby god how long have we known eachother and we dont even know eachothers names"
"oh no daniel i know your name im robbie so TTYL AFK and all that"
I shut my laptop and thaught how good black had it his folks were rich and he acts like he is POOR his mother loves him and his father is "cursed" but he acts like he is homeless
after M left kirby was blacks one outlet in life he used daniel as a way te escape the VR as kirby lived far away but little did he know he was the key to niagras heart he did not know what that ment he just heard black mention it beforeway back then when they broke up
kirbys memory spiraled "dont worry kirby she may have left me but you haha are niagras heart" that one scentence stuck with him... it was the last time black was truly happy

Kirby was a young boy 13 years old had the whole world goin for him brown surf swept hair a clam necklas and the whole 5,0 but the only problem is after blacks big "phrase utter with M" his confidence was knocked too he was a profestional in sword fighting and sometimes took black 1 on 1 but the one thing he would never try was to even talk to M as last time he god a warning but NEXT TIME the sword will do more than toutch his neck

kirby got up and walked to his old secret creek just down the road from niagra falls as kirby and blackdare used to live there thats where they met M but after the break up black moved too canada kirby now being the only one who new the location of the creek had a old picture pinned up he looked for a good thirty seconds at what it used to be... the days of playing zelda with our feet in the water the days of yaunder gone  by but hope all he could it would be a LONG time before that happened again. I looked back at the picture we were all gathered around in a semi circle as we did and i looked happyer i suppose when M died we all died alittle i looked at her she had smooth skin and this one freckal on her left cheek her face was the only one compleatly visible , her hair was a sholder height pink it was wavy and pretty... she always had a look of pain on her face you could put her in ANY type of people and she would stick out... exept from us her face was the only one visible she never wore make-up but her lips were a cherry red i saw her staring up at me from the image... i never told black this but i always liked M alittle but they suited each other. The creek around was  a nice place... A small stream swam throughout the center but the place was well hidden there was sand at one side whenre they would lie down if they were not in the cave and a grassy side with a hill with a medium sized cave about the size of a flat in it . The cave was a beautiful brown place with bean bag chairs computer chairs and tables it it, the cave was just a dirty hole before twe came along ... we transformed... we made it our own but now, it is only mine ,as everyone had moved or... All but two I heard black say im the "key to niagra" M was buried next to niagra falls... Is that what he means

Part 3 way back then

I looked back and i saw Josh he was happy and i liked it because... One of us had to have been all of the girls at school taunted me for my choce of clothing ... I usually go for a mettalic silver-ish feel, being with josh was my only outlet of somewhat happyness. We were just sitting in the sandfeeling it inbetween out toes josh braught robbie and daniel we dicide that day to give eachother nicknames
Josh is to be known as blackdare
Robbie is Linkkirby
Daniel as Grayslimer
And me. With the VERY CREATIVE name M but i diddnt care... I liked it it expressed the amount of CARE i give into everyday society but... i liked calling black josh ... I dont know why? I just liked the name and i liked him but i would still call all the others by the nicknames...
"Black" kirby yelled and i see why it had just appered asif there was two of him for a moment every word that came out his mouth sounded rehersed... like he had done this a MILLION times over
"M im sorry for all im going to do but... when you accept me as blackdare things will... change ... i i love you"
I had no idea what he was talking about so... i slapped him his body morphed for a sec and he was back to normal
"OW whyd you hit me!"
I was'nt sure how to answer so i left it he diddnt seem bothered i let it all fly over my head

Sometimes i just wondered was i really worth all of this I mean i had always had the feeling that i was liked by more people than josh sometimes i thaught kirby liked me too or... was he just being friendly but why do these people like me... Noone likes me i mean i know why im liked by josh he alays says
"I can read EVERYONE like a book but... but you uou are different your Interesting!"

PART 4 "BRAIN FARTS"

I was SICK... SICK of everything that was going on KIRBY was no help! but... how could he be there was only one person who could help AND IM NOT SPEAKING TO HIM! i walked downstairs and saw a note on the table that was blurred but i noticed five words
Family, Sorry , ive took mom
I was not bothered i would just sit in my room and draw, think, i can live without them they are not needed i opened myt laptop and looked through my old photos for inspiration there was photos of
Me,Gray and kirby at the kreek
Pictures of nature
and... a picture of M ... how did that get there it was the photo at her at niagra falls where she was buried OH NO black out
I awoke at that moment behind the falls we were looking at the rshing water whilst holding hands i had a feeling of happyness for the 1st time in awhile
"i wish i could stay here"
"the falls?" M quizzed
"yeah... sure" i really ment in this time but i could not say that
"well you cant remember I got that oricana in the mail today you gotta teach me to play that"
I have her oricana now every day i play the song of time ... but it does not work a single tear rolled down my eye and i thaught " this wont matter... might as well tell her"
I turned and confessed "M i love you and ... but... things are keeping us apart"
She just looked forwards and said "thats not my name ... say my name "
I was about to tell her again but... i felt faint and whited out
"JOSH" I awoke at my pc in call with kirby
"huh what were we talking about i blacked out again"
sometime I just wanna Live in the past but i can not they say we have to look to the future I was tired... i wanted to go to bed

title: M... The key to niagras heart (parts 1-4)

question: What made Josh help M?

answer: Josh found M attractive and so would help her out.

question: Why did they decide to give each other nicknames?

question: Why were the girls in the school taunting the narrator?

answer: The girls in the school would often taunt the narrator for her choice of clothing. She would usually wear metallic silver clothing.


text:
“Well.”

You know the word hurts her.  In your mind’s eye, you see how its barbed indifference breaks through the receiver, pierces her eardrum, and drills its way into her veins.  You must have known how she would answer.

“That’s good.”

There’s a long silence.  Perhaps her words had the same effect on you, but she hopes not.  She doesn’t want everything to end like this, it’s just... there’s nothing left for her to say.

The silence stretches further.  You can tell that she’s waiting for you to apologise and make everything right again, but you won’t, and nothing can ever be right again.  Everything is ending.

The silence is harsh now, stretched so taut that even the smallest murmur could shatter it like frosted glass, breaking it into a thousand polished razors.  You therefore pick the lesser of two evils and silence her with your thumb, pressing down on the picture of the red phone with a firm click.  That was your last chance to speak together before they shut off all communication and close the doors, but at this moment you don’t want to care.

Why couldn’t you have just gone with her, survived with her, loved her?  She loved you.  You said that you didn’t want to live out your days in a metal house, that you wanted to die someplace where you could still see a new dawn or a new face.  She didn’t understand you; if the end is the same, then surely an extended night is better than a brief dawn?  She never could understand how you felt, how you nobly embraced your death, content with the life you had led, whilst she hid in the ground like a coward.

She still remembers when the two of you first met.  It was her first summer in England since she fled from her homeland.  She lived for a while as an outsider, a struggling refugee in a strange, alien land, and had just begun to settle in when she spilled a cup of coffee on you at the station.  You exchanged bouts of apologies and self-blame until they were gradually replaced with dull platitudes and became conversation, and you asked her to join you for a drink.

You took her to what you said was the best coffee shop in all of London; it was a standard coffee chain – Starbucks, if she remembers correctly – but you said that it was in just the right position, that when dawn broke and the sky turned golden, the light would rush and weave its way along the cobbled alley, and its wealds would engulf the shop in warmth and make it shine.  She only understood about half of the words you used, but it seemed to make her feel safe for a time.  You didn’t seem like most English men, not chasing after the latest car or piece of Apple merchandise, but thoughtful, considerate.  You were intelligent, referencing Plutarch, Socrates, and even the Bible – although you held no faith yourself – whenever you saw the slightest opportunity, and devoted to making something of your life, but still unsure of what to make of it.

The two of you had discussed the idea of someone pressing that infamous red button back then as a thought exercise, the idea had seemed ridiculous.  Even still, your decision was unanimous; neither of you wanted to live in a metal house, you’d both rather die someplace where you could see a new dawn.  She was still affected by her experience of war in her homeland, and was determined that nothing would make her flee her new home, that she’d rather die than live in a cage – even one of her own choosing.  That was four years ago; you were both young and foolish, filled with noble, quixotic ideas of romance and freedom.

“Everything ends eventually,” you said; that was your reasoning.  “Best embrace that ending someplace where you can still smell the breeze.”  It sounded so sincere, so meaningful that she was completely taken with your sudden existentialism.  You quoted Asimov.  “Even the stars run out, you know.”

It was reassuring for her to know that the world in which she had suffered so much would come to an end someday, but things change over four years.  People grow up, don’t they?

It was on the day that the war that had engulfed her home finally came to an end – one or two years ago, you couldn’t quite remember which – that things began to change.  To her, the world no longer seemed to just bring suffering, for it had brought her a new home, a new chance at life, and you; to you, the world’s progress – being entirely unrelated to your own – was insignificant, and the world’s ignorance of your talent served only to confirm your perception of yourself as a chained and muzzled muse, yearning to break free and soar above the philistine mob.

Over time, she became closer to you, her affection increasing along with her skill for English, and you seemed to feel for her, although you weren’t quite sure.  Maybe you would have loved her someday, but the current events distracted you; with tensions mounting over Syria and Iran, suddenly the idea of someone pushing the red button didn’t seem quite so ridiculous anymore.  It scared you.

The government announced the bunker system a month ago, although they’d obviously been working on it for some time; they knew it would be needed eventually.  You’d been with her that day, but she had been acting strangely; she was clearly expecting something, and you thought you knew what.  She wanted a piece of metal for herself, a band of metal and a rock to wrap around her finger and to chain your inner artist once and for all.  How selfish.  You didn’t think you were ready for that commitment.  It scared you.
So you focused yourself upon your art, that was all that was important, or so you told yourself.  This was how you were going to endure, how you were going to cheat that familiar stranger, Death.  You needed no philosopher’s stone or alchemist’s piss, through your art you would become immortal, infinite.  But the nagging feeling at the back of your mind warned that you would fail, that you would die unnoticed and unable to repent.  It scared you.

There was warning before the missiles were going to hit, about thirty-six hours between when the satellites registered the launch and when they were expected to impact the city.  You took her to the coffee shop to discuss what the two of you would do with your last precious hours of life, but she surprised you; she was going underground, to the bunkers, and she needed you to join her.  Your throat turned to ice.  Hadn’t you already told her that you didn’t want to live your life with her in a metal house?  Hadn’t she said that she didn’t want to die in a cage, wasn’t the dawn important to her?

She said that it was about immortality, humanity needed to endure.  All the beauty that people had wrought needed to survive this ultimate show of humanity’s true nature; why couldn’t you see that?  She’d found so much to live for in this new world, and she hadn’t fled her own land just to die in a new one.  She loves you, that was the point, but what was the point in love if it isn’t eternal?

You wouldn’t listen to her entreaties, for she had betrayed you.  The tethers were tightening on the muse inside, the ball and chain restricting its movement.  You were losing your chance for immortality, and it must be her fault.  You didn’t know, but by this point you had built your own metal prison.  You have trapped yourself inside a cocoon of solipsistic iron and you can’t find a way out.  You are lost in a maze and the hollow walls are razors that tear and split your skin, and all that lies at the centre is a hangman’s noose.

But it’s not your fault is it?  It’s hers!  You call her witch and a whore, how dare she!  In turn, she calls you selfish, but her words have no bite, she thinks she’s lying.

So it’s over.  You tell her never to call you again, that she should enjoy her thirty pieces of silver while she can.  She picks up her coat and gently asks you what you’ll do with your last remaining hours.
“Wait,” you say, and then you divert your gaze to the coffee-stained table; you are done.  She walks out the door and joins the shuffling crowds moving slowly towards the bunker entrance.  She’s gone.

So you wait; the shop is deserted now, and eventually dusk falls.  The shadows slither and clamber along the cobbled alleyway, their tendrils slowly swallowing the building, sucking all warmth from the shop until it seems entirely forsaken, empty.

There’s a small vibration in your pocket; you pull out your phone and answer the call.  She asks you how you are.

“Well,” you say.

title: Metal Houses - A piece I wrote for a competition that didn't get through, would appreciate critique (x-post r/write)

question: What is the main conflict of the story?

answer: The narrator and his girlfriend recently broke up over a disagreement in how they wanted to handle the incoming nuclear missile. She wanted to take shelter in a bunker to ensure humanity's survival. Having lost a home and found a new lease on life, she didn't want to let it go. The narrator, on the other hand, had artistic ideals about valuing being able to see a sunset over living in a metal prison. This was further exacerbated by his fear of commitment; she loved him and wanted to marry.

question: What is the narrator's way of life?

answer: He's attached to his sense of freedom, both personal and artistic. His vision of freedom means that he'd rather die outside, watching a sunset, rather than live in confinement. Additionally, he's averse to committing to his relationship, and he's unsure whether he's in love with his girlfriend. His artistic vision of what his life should be is more important than everything else. Furthermore, the narrator sees himself as someone constrained by society in general. He wants to leave a legacy behind through his art that will endure.


text:
ROGER REY (born 19 April 1931) is a French former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for France, and at club level for Vedène XIII (two spells) and Lyon Villeurbanne XIII, as , i.e. number 3 or 4.[1]

Background

Roger Rey was born in Vedène, France.

Playing career

Rey played for Lyon, with which he won the French Championship in 1951 and 1955, as well the Lord Derby Cup in 1952. He also represented France at the 1960 Rugby League World Cup.

[1]

title: Roger Rey

question: Who is Roger Rey?

answer: a French former professional rugby league footballer

question: When did Roger Rey play rugby?

answer: the 1950s and 60s

question: Where was Roger Rey born?

answer: Vedène, France

question: Who were the French rugby champions in 1951?

answer: Lyon

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Roger Rey is a French former professional rugby league footballer.


text:
DIODOTUS () was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. Initially an official under King Alexander I Balas, he led a revolt against Alexander's successor Demetrius II Nicator in 144 BC. He rapidly gained control of most of Syria and the Levant. At first he acted as regent and tutor for Alexander's infant son Antiochus VI Dionysus, but after the death of his charge in 142/141 BC, Diodotus declared himself king. He took the royal name TRYPHON AUTOCRATOR () and distanced himself from the Seleucid dynasty. For a period between 139 and 138, he was the sole ruler of the Seleucid empire. However, in 138 BC Demetrius II's brother Antiochus VII Sidetes invaded Syria and brought his rule to an end.

Diodotus Tryphon is unique in the history of the Seleucid empire, as the only rebel from outside the dynasty to gain control of the whole kingdom. Other rebels had claimed the throne, such as Molon and Timarchus, but they never succeeded in bringing the whole realm under their control and both were defeated within a year of declaring themselves kings. By contrast, Tryphon held power for over seven years from his rebellion in 144 BC until his death in 138 BC.

Life

Generalship and regency

Diodotus was originally from , a dependent town of the city of Apamea.[1] He served as a general for Alexander Balas, during the civil war which the latter fought with Demetrius II Nicator. In 145 BC, when Alexander's father-in-law Ptolemy VI of Egypt switched his support to Demetrius II and invaded Syria, Diodotus and a man called Hierax were in command of the city of Antioch.[2] They surrendered Antioch to Ptolemy and declared him king of the Seleucid Empire. Ptolemy, unwilling to rule both the Egyptian and Seleucid realms directly, declined the title in favour of Demetrius II.[3][4]

Revolt against Demetrius II

[Coin struck by Diodotus in the name of Antiochus VI] As Demetrius II secured himself on the throne, he began to eliminate former associates of Alexander Balas.[5] Diodotus, probably, considered himself to be in danger, and he fled to an Arab ruler called Zabdiel, who had been entrusted with the care of Alexander Balas's young son. Diodotus with Arab support declared Alexander's son the new king, as Antiochus VI Dionysus. The new king was less than five years old and Diodotus held all actual power as his regent.[6][7]

Diodotus and Antiochus were initially ignored by Demetrius who had to consolidate his power and was also faced with financial troubles.[8][9] Utilising the discontent against the ruling regime Diodotus gathered a large army at his headquarters in Chalcis ad Belum. Eventually, Demetrius marched against them but he was defeated in battle, after which Diodotus gained control of Apamea and Antioch.[10] Numismatic evidence indicates that Apamea was taken in early 144 and Antioch in late 144 or early 143.[11][12]

Diodotus, in the name of the boy-king Antiochus VI, controlled most of Inland Syria, including Antioch, Apamea, Larisa and Chalcis. Demetrius on the other hand based himself in Seleucia Pieria and retained control of many of the Syrian and Phoenician coastal cities and Cilicia.[13] Mesopotamia continued to recognise Demetrius as well and an invasion of the region by Diodotus in mid-144 seems to have been a failure.[14] Territories further east, such as Susa and Elymais were conquered by the Parthians, who eventually took control of Mesopotamia as well in mid-141 BC.[15]

Intervention in Judaea

At the same time Diodotus made diplomatic overtures to the Jews under Jonathan Apphus in order to have them join with him against Demetrius, giving him honours and appointing his brother Simon Thassi as general. Jonathan accepted these overtures. Josephus justifies this by claiming that Demetrius had persecuted the Jews and that the memory of Alexander Balas encouraged them to support his son Antiochus VI.[16] The situation did not last, however. The Jewish sources claim that the boldness of the Jonathan's attacks on Demetrius' supporters led Diodotus to fear his power and begin to plot against him. In 142 BC, Diodotus dispatched troops who lured Jonathan to Ptolemais with a small guard and captured him. Although Simon Thassi paid the money that Diodotus had demanded as a ransom for his brother, Diodotus had him executed anyway and attempted to attack Jerusalem. Heavy snowfall forced him to abandon the siege and return to Syria.[17][18] Simon quickly became a close ally of Demetrius II, who granted extensive freedoms to him - later seen as the moment when the Hasmonean Jewish state achieved full independence.[19][20]

In the same year an army of Tryphon’s routed a pro-Demetrius force under Sarpedon between Ptolemais and Tyre, but as they were marching along the coast in pursuit, a great tidal wave wiped out the army, according to Athenaeus.[21]

Kingship

In late 142 or early 141 BC, Antiochus VI Dionysus died, supposedly during a medical operation; most ancient sources accuse Diodotus of having had the young king murdered. Diodotus convinced the army to elect him king.[22]

Royal titles and representation

As king, Diodotus used the name Tryphon Autocrator. 'Tryphon' referred to the Hellenistic royal virtue of _tryphe_ (luxury). _Tryphe_ was sometimes a negative attribute, implying softness, but could also be a positive virtue, advertising the ruler's wealth and ability to reward his subjects. The epithet Autokrator is unique; it is not attested for any other Greek ruler from this period. Edwyn Bevan argued that this epithet was intended to recall the Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great, who had held the title of _Strategos Autokrator_ as elected leaders of the Greek forces against Persia. In Bevan's view this reference indicated Tryphon's election as king by the 'free Greco-Macedonian states of Syria'.[23] Boris Chrubasik argues that Tryphon took the epithet in imitation of the Parthian rulers and to emphasise his independence from his predecessors (the term _Autokrator_ literally means 'ruling (by) himself'). The martial overtones of it perhaps served to counter the implications of softness that sometimes were associated with _tryphe_.[24]

[Coin of Diodotus Tryphon.] There is no sign that Tryphon considered himself to be part of the Seleucid dynasty. On the contrary, he emphasised the break with his Seleucid predecessors through his unusual title, as well as the iconography of his coinage. His coins depicts him in a mature guise, with a rather fat face and long flowing hair - emphasising the luxuriousness implied by the name Trypon. The reverse side of his coins depict an elaborately decorated Boeotian helmet. This might have been meant to extend his connection to the army, and/or to further emphasise the idea of martial luxury. The break with the Seleucids was also indicated by the abandonment of the Seleucid dating system, in which years were counted continuously from the rise to power of Seleucus I. Tryphon instituted a new system, counting from his own accession as king.[25]

In order to secure Roman recognition of his kingship, Tryphon sent a golden statue of the goddess Nike to Rome. The Roman Senate chose to accept this Nike as a gift from Antiochus VI and did not extend recognition to Tryphon. There is no evidence that any of the neighbouring kings recognised Tryphon's kingship either.[26]

War against Demetrius II and Antiochus VII

Once he was king, Tryphon expanded his control to at least Ptolemais-Akke and Dor.[27] Demetrius, meanwhile, had journeyed east in 139/8 to fight the Parthians, who had seized control of Mesopotamia the previous year. He was defeated and captured by them July or August of 138 BC, leaving Tryphon as uncontested ruler of the remaining Seleucid territories.[28]

Almost immediately, however, Demetrius' brother, Antiochus VII Sidetes took up the conflict against Tryphon. He declared himself King Antiochus Euergetes, left his home in Rhodes, and landed in Phoenicia in the face of staunch resistance.[29] He married the wife of Demetrius, Cleopatra Thea, further legitimizing his position. Numismatic evidence shows that many coastal cities remained loyal to Tryphon, but that Sidon and Tyre immediately attached themselves to Antiochus' cause.[30] Antiochus also successfully won over Simon Thassi by confirming and augmenting the grants made by his brother.[31]

[Coin of Antiochus VII Sidetes] Antiochus defeated Tryphon in battle and took control of Antioch by the middle of 138 BC. He moved south to the fortress-city of Dor, where he was besieged.[32] From there he escaped by sea to Orthosia and made his way to his home-region of Apamea, where he was besieged again died in late 138 or early 137 BC.[33] Some sources say he was captured and executed, others that he committed suicide.[34]

[1] Strabo 16.2.10

[2] Diodorus 33.3.

[3] 1 Maccabees 11. 13; Josephus AJ 13.113–15.

[4]

[5] Diodorus _Bibliotheca_ 33.4.2

[6] 1 Maccabees 11.39-40; Josephus _AJ_ 13.131, 144

[7]

[8] Diodorus _Bibliotheca_ 33.4.2–3; I Maccabees 11.45–50; Josephus _AJ_ 13.137–41

[9]

[10] Diodoros _Bibliotheca_ 33.4a; 1 Maccabees 11.55-56; Josephus _AJ_ 13.144

[11]

[12]

[13] Livy _Periochae_ 52; Josephus AJ 13.145

[14] _Astronomical Diaries_ III 143 A flake 20–1

[15]

[16] I Maccabees 11.57-59; Josephus _AJ_ 13.145-148

[17] I Maccabees 13.12–24; Josephus _AJ_ 13.203–18.

[18]

[19] I Maccabees 13.35-49

[20]

[21] Athenaeus 8.333

[22] I Maccabees 13.31; Diodorus 33.28; Livy 55.11; App. Syr. 68; Justin 36.7; Josephus 13.128;

[23] Bevan, _The House of Seleucus_, Vol.II, p.302

[24]

[25]

[26] Diodorus 33.28a;

[27] Bevan, ‘The House of Seleucus’, Vol.II, p.230-231

[28] _Astronomical Diaries_ III 137 A rev. 8–11; I Maccabees 14.1-3; Josephus _AJ_ 13.186; Porphyry _FGrH_ 260 F32.16; ;

[29] Josephus _AJ_ 13.222

[30]

[31] I Maccabees 15.5-9; .

[32] 1 Maccabees 15.10-38

[33] Josephus _AJ_ 13.223

[34] Execution: Josephus _AJ_ 13.223; Appian _Syrian Wars_ 68. Suicide: Strabo 14.5.2; George Syncellus 351.18-19.

title: Diodotus Tryphon

question: What does the text say about Diodotus' children?

question: Summarize the war against Demetrius II and Antiochus VII.

answer: The war was started while Tryphon was king, having just expanded his control to at least Ptolemais-Akke and Dor. Demetrius had journeyed east to fight the Parthians, but was defeated and captured by them. This left Tryphon as the uncontested ruler of the remaining Seleucid territories. Demetrius' brother, Antiochus VII decided to take up the conflict against Tryphon and declared himself King Antiochus Euergetes. He even married Demetrius' wife and ended up defeating Tryphon in battle. Tryphon was continually besieged after this and ended up dying.

question: What does the text say about Simon Thassi?

answer: Dioditus made diplomatic overtures to the Jews under Jonathan Apphus in order to have them join with him against Demetrius. He was given honors and appointed his brother Simon Thassi as general. When Diodotus captured Jonathan due to his fear of his power, he demanded ransom money from Simon. Simon gave him the money, but Diodotus executed Jonathan anyway. Later on, Antiochus ended up successfully winning over Simon Thassi by confirming and augmenting the grants made by Demetrius.

question: What does the text say about weather events?

answer: Weather events had affected some of Diodotus' plans. When he attempted to attack Jerusalem, a heavy snowfall forced him to abandon the siege and return to Syria. In the same year, an army of Tryphon's was marching along the coast when a great tidal wave wiped out the army.


text:
Our generation has been drowned in a fairytale of love and romance. We grew up on a healthy diet of Disney princesses and perfect endings where Katherine Heigl always ends up with the man of her dreams.

But what happens when the fairytale becomes a screeching nightmare, complete with a villain in disguise and blood on everyone’s hands?

You should have known that night, the first time he said “I love you.” There were no butterflies, no fireworks, not even a Seamless dinner served with candles. It was screamed like a threat, hanging thick in the air, lingering like a bad smell. The lovers in question standing on opposite sides of the bed, thumping their fists and reaching desperately for whatever words might cut through the fight.  But you tell yourself it’s okay, special even, because the words were finally said.

What about the night he took you to dinner to celebrate his new job? A night for celebration between partners. But the words vomited from his mouth aren’t on script, it’s not what you planned. I accepted a new job in San Francisco. I’m moving out of NYC within the month. It’s too late, I’ve already given notice.

The world stops spinning and your hand flies to your cheek, feeling the sting of that verbal slab. But you recover and remember your lines. I’ll come with you, of course. We’ll start our lives over, tackle this together, how exciting it will all be. You’re so caught up in the act that you don’t notice the halfhearted smile on his face, his sudden silence. It’s not until later when you lay in bed and close your eyes that you realize he never said his line- he never asked you to come. Your hand inches across the blanket to find his, but it’s not there. He’s already asleep.

Two months and 3000 miles later, your life in San Francisco appears to be magical. You call your friends and family back home and regale them with stories of adventures, day trips and watching the sun set over the Golden Gate Bridge. But then you hang up the phone and realize you’re in the apartment alone, again. You flinch at every noise, praying that it’s the sound of his keys in the lock, finally home.

As time goes on the expectations build. Every time he bends to tie his shoe or holds your hand, you think this is it. This is when he’s going to propose. Little did you know that while you were watching him out of the corner of your eye with love in your heart, his mind was somewhere, anywhere else.

It’s an average Tuesday night. You went to the gym and ran side-by-side on the treadmill. He made the salad and poured you a glass of wine while you grilled the burgers outside. But then suddenly he’s standing in your living room, looking down at you on the couch. You see his mouth moving but can’t hear the words. Not happy anymore. Needs space. Isn’t working. It’s like he’s miles away and you’re squinting at him in the distance, trying to understand the smoke signals and desperate, waving arms.

But it’s okay, everyone knows that a real love story has to hit rock bottom before the clouds break. You’re still living together, and of course you are, because how could two people who sold everything to move across the country end it all now? The sex is better than ever and you interpret, misinterpret, every kind word as a hint that he’s going to take you back any moment. He’s going to come home from work with flowers in hand and a lone tear running down his cheek. You’re going to run to him, kiss him and finish your movie.

But then he doesn’t come home. It’s 12, then 3 and finally 5 a.m., and he’s still not home. But you tell yourself he’s out with friends, he’s having one last night out on the town before your romantic reunion. His absence could mean nothing more, of course.

To prove this to yourself, you read his text messages. You look for evidence that he’s “reconsidering,” “changing his mind” or “can’t stand looking at her without his heart breaking.”

But then the script goes off course. You find things you never meant to see, you read words that you can hardly comprehend.  Went home with her from the bar. Hooked up. Scroll back farther and there are more names, more dates.  Suddenly there’s a hand gripping your heart, your chest. You can’t breathe.

There’s denial, of course. But then the story peels back like the layers of an onion. There was one, no two. Actually three. It was nothing. No I’m sorry, it was sex. You can’t breathe. As recently as last week. The hand grips tighter. As far back as Christmas. The hand won’t let go.

Suddenly, you’re the heroine in your movie and you know exactly what has to be done. You have to pack your bags and buy your ticket back to New York. Each shirt that’s thrown in the suitcase is vindication, a show. You lay in wait for him to come home so this movie can reach its grand finale. You know that when you tell him you’re leaving, that this is the last night he’ll ever see you, he’ll be the Ross to your Rachel. He’ll throw himself at you and tell you he regrets everything, that he’s sorry and can’t imagine his life without you. And because you’re the beautiful heroine and this is your moment, you’ll take him back and be the bigger person, because how else could you achieve your fairytale ending?

And then he’s crying, he’s hugging you and saying how much he misses you. He wishes it didn’t have to be this way. Wait. He’s sad to see you go. No. It’s for the best. This wasn’t the script.

Even these final moments are a desperate, fruitless attempt at a dramatic scene. You announce that you can’t watch him leave because it would hurt too much. It’s the perfect line.

Then the door closes, and you’re sitting alone in the apartment one last time. The final image you have in your mind isn’t of his face or the sorrow in his eyes, because you couldn’t look. All you see now is his naked body tangled in another woman’s bed, the character who was never meant to be cast in this movie.  And it’s burned in your mind forever.

title: [NF] When Reality Fails to be a Rom-Com

question: Summarize everything the story says about the two lovers and how their relationship changed over time.

answer: This second-person narration is the story of two lovers whose relationship deteriorated as time went by. It appeared the protagonist was unaware or oblivious to the signs. Firstly, she volunteered to follow her boyfriend to San Fransisco when he informed her he got a job there even though he wasn't exactly excited about her coming with him. Finally, while they lived together in San Fransisco, she found out through series of texts on his phone that he had been cheating on her. Although the protagonist wished for a fairytale romantic ending for their love story, it was nothing but pain and agony for her.