text:
[]

Story Highlights

-   56% of women prefer to work rather than to be homemaker
-   75% of men would rather work outside the home
-   50% of women with children under age 18 prefer to stay home; 45%, to work

WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Given the choice between working or staying home to take care of the house and family, a record-high 66% of U.S. adults would prefer to work. While women's preference to work outside the home (56%) continues to lag behind men's (75%), it is at its highest point in roughly three decades.

[Line graph. Americans’ preference to work outside the home vs. be a homemaker, by gender, since 1992.]

The latest reading, from an Aug. 1-14 poll, marks the 10th time Gallup has asked Americans for their preferences on this measure since 2001. The question was periodically included in other organizations' polling between 1974 and 1999, although some of those readings were only among women. From 1992 until now, the question has been asked more regularly, with a consistent majority of Americans preferring to work outside the home -- ranging between 54% and the current 66% reading.

The most notable demographic difference on this question continues to be between men and women. Men's preference for working outside of the home has varied by 10 percentage points since 1992, from 68% to 78%. Women's views have shown slightly more variation than men's over the same period, shifting between 42% and the current 56% high who have said they prefer to work, rather than serving in a homemaker role, if they were free to do either. Historically, the low point in women's preference for working outside the home is 36% in a 1974 Roper Organization poll.

While at least half of women overall have preferred working over staying home since 2007, as recently as 2003 and 2005, slim majorities of women favored the more traditional domestic role of homemaking.

DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN WOMEN'S PREFERENCES

Not only do men and women differ in their preferences for working or staying home, but there are significant differences in women's views, depending on their parental, work and educational status. The same is not true of men, who, regardless of their demographics, broadly prefer to work outside the home.

By 50% to 34%, mothers of children under 18 years of age are more likely than those with no children under 18 to prefer to stay at home and take care of the house and family. Many of these women are currently fulfilling this role in their households, which may account for their preferences. Women who have graduated from college and those who are currently employed are much more likely to prefer to work at a job outside the home.

Americans' Preference for Working or Staying Home, by Demographic Group

If you were free to do either, would you prefer to have a job outside the home, or would you prefer to stay at home and take care of the house and family?

Prefer to work outside home
Prefer homemaker role
%
%
Gender
Women
56
39
Men
75
23
Gender and parental status
Women with children under 18
45
50
Women without children under 18
62
34
Men with children under 18
71
29
Men without children under 18
78
21
Gender and employment status
Employed women
69
27
Not employed women
45
50
Employed men
80
19
Not employed men
67
30
Gender and education
Women with college degree
64
30
Women without college degree
52
44
Men with college degree
82
18
Men without college degree
73
26
GALLUP, Aug. 1-14, 2019

Looking more closely at the data, there are notable distinctions between those who do and do not have minor children. Two-thirds of mothers who are currently not employed and have minor children prefer to stay home, but 57% of mothers who are employed and have minor children prefer to work outside the home. At the same time, majorities of women who do not have children younger than 18 -- whether they are currently employed or not -- would opt to work rather than stay home.

Americans' Preference for Working or Staying Home, by Parental Status and Employment

If you were free to do either, would you prefer to have a job outside the home, or would you prefer to stay at home and take care of the house and family?

Prefer to work outside home
Prefer homemaker role
%
%
Parents of a child under 18
Employed women
57
36
Not employed women
30
67
Employed men
73
26
Not employed men
58
42
Not parents of a child under 18
Employed women
75
22
Not employed women
51
43
Employed men
85
14
Not employed men
69
28
GALLUP, Aug. 1-14, 2019

Again, the differences between men and women are significant, particularly among those who have children under 18.

BOTTOM LINE

Women are more likely now than they have been in the past three decades to say they would prefer to work outside the home than to stay at home and take care of their house and family. While women made up 47% of the workforce in 2018, and cultural advances over the past 50 years have led to a change in social norms, women remain far less likely than men to say they would prefer to work. In particular, mothers of children under age 18 are more likely than those without younger children to prefer to stay home.

_View complete question responses and trends._

_Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works._

 October 24, 2019
Gallup https://news.gallup.com/poll/267737/record-high-women-prefer-working-homemaking.aspx
Gallup World Headquarters, 901 F Street, Washington, D.C., 20001, U.S.A
+1 202.715.3030

question: What is the main topic of this document?

answer: The main topic is polling on whether Americans would prefer to work outside the home or be a homemaker and the difference between men and women.

question: Name one story highlight from the document.

answer: 75% of men would rather work outside the home

question: Describe the latest reading from the Aug.1-14 poll.

answer: The latest reading shows that women's preference to work outside the home still lags behind men, but that their preference is at its highest point in roughly three decades.

question: What are mothers of children under 18 years of age more likely to do?

answer: They are more likely to prefer to stay at home and take care of the house and family than those who don't have children under 18.

question: Explain what happened between 1974 and 1999.

answer: The question of Americans' preference in deciding to work outside the home or be a homemaker has been included in other organizations' polling.

question: What is the main finding of this document's study?

answer: Women remain far less likely than men to say they would prefer to work, but their desire to work is at its highest point in roughly three decades.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this document, there were updated polls addressing the preference between working at away from the home or as a homemaker between American men and women. The main findings showed that women still remain far less likely than men to say they would prefer to work, but their desire to work is at its highest point in roughly three decades. The document describes the history of this question in previous polls, the demographic differences in women's preferences, and the overall breakdown of the polls.


split: test

text:
Edited by zenoe1562: 1/29/2015 5:13:49 PM

197

[i]For the Titans who are familiar with the suppressor grenade, skip to the end, I want your opinions on what you think of it.[/i] Recently, I decided to experiment with some of the grenades that I never use in both striker and defender subclasses, and the last grenade I tried out was the suppressor grenade. I initially ignored it because I thought it was a more pvp focused grenade, and it's also very rarely used by other defender titans that I've encountered in the crucible. After messing around with it a bit and testing it's abilities on enemies, I realized that the suppressor grenade is probably the [b]strongest[/b] grenade in the Titan's arsenal. Here's why: [b]It has the highest damage output[/b] This one is really a matter of my own personal opinion because I've noticed that most of the other titan grenades in both subclasses explode more than once, but with a lower damage ouput. [b]The closer the enemy is to the epicenter of the blast, the more damage is done[/b] The first enemy I tried to test the suppressor grenade's ability on was a level 28 hobgoblin during one of the pre-DLC daily heroic story missions (The Black Garden). I hadn't fired a single shot at him because I wanted to test a theory which prompted me to try out the grenade in the first place. I tossed the grenade, which landed at his feet, and the single explosion killed him instantly. A bit later I chucked another one and another level 28 hobgoblin, but I overshot this one by a hair. The hobgoblin was near the edge of the blast radius, but still inside it. The blast didn't kill him, but damaged him enough to test my theory, which brings me to my next point. [b]Suppressor grenade is incredibly useful in pve[/b] This is going to be a breakdown of each enemy type and the grenade's [b]suppression effect[/b] (damage is not a factor) on each enemy (ultras are immune to suppression as far as I know): [i]Fallen[/i] Dreg - unable to use grenades Vandal - unaffected as far as I know Stealth Vandal - disables cloak Captain - unable to teleport Servitor - unable to teleport [i]Hive[/i] Thralls - unaffected Acolytes - unaffected Knights (updated) - unable to raise shield and enrage Wizards (updated) - unable to use any attack (credit to kirokill) Ogre (updated) - unable to enrage (credit to camby9210) [i]Vex[/i] Harpy - unaffected Goblin - unaffected Hobgoblin - unable to use immune shield Minotaur - unable to teleport [i]Cabal[/i] Psions - unable to use psion blast (directional arc energy wave attack) Legionary - disables jet pack Centurion - same as Legionary Phalanx (updated)- unaffected (credit to veration) Colossus (updated) - unable to use missles (credit to TSbluemagic) That's it for the breakdown. The grenade is also useful for pvp as it disables [i][b]all abilities[/b][/i], effectively throwing you back to your level 1 days, for a short time. The effect of the grenade only lasts 10 seconds but it can really turn the tide of battle, especially against those pesky hobgoblins during the gatekeeper portion of the raid. Now the only downside of the grenade is, if you get caught in the blast, taking damage will be the least of your problems because you [b]can and will[/b] be affected by your own grenade. Edit 1: When used in pvp, it can cancel an enemy's super. Credit to all the guardians that have posted about that. Edit 2: Omnigul is the [b]only[/b] boss this is affected by the grenade. I know quite a few you you guys have mentioned that so the credit goes to everyone who has mentioned it. Edit 3: A thank you to all the guardians who have posted to this topic. This is my most active topic to date, let's keep it going! Spread the word and help the easily overlooked suppressor grenade earn it's place in every Titan's arsenal.

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    If you're not using flashbangs in end game PvE then you're doing it wrong.

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    This is the most annoying grenade to go up against. So glad not a lot of guardians use it.

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    Can't wait until TTK when we have whole teams of night stalkers and defenders suppressing everything

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    Yes. It -blam!-ing bounces on the smallest crack and comes back at me

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    I swear I've never seen anyone use it until today in IB, and I learned how effective it was after I got owned by it.

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    I feel like it should do 2x shield damage.

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    stopped a FoH and was met with hate mail

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    Well Good to know! Those psions on PoE 35 can be a pain with their arc wave. Thanks a lot! :D

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    I use it to supress blink8ng enemies in pve in pvp i go straight striker

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    I only use it as a troll grenade. There are good plays you can do with using a bubble on an important point, then grenading the people coming to super the bubble. Its a hate mail generator. Magnetics are better 99% of the time, though.

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    Wizards can still attack. They just can't use the poison cloud. And it makes all vex unable to teleport. And in terms of testing damage you should test it on a lvl 32 mission at least to get a reasonable result for high-level/same level activities.

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    I looked at the suppressor and looked and looked at it. I thought it was stupid and never used but, after reading your breakdown of it I have changed my mind. It makes want to experiment with it later tonight. I'll see how effectively I can use it.

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    Suppressor grenade seems a little buggy to me in PvP. I've had several occasions of blade dancers being hit by it, having the fun icon over their heads saying they are suppressed, but still continuing on with their super to eat me up. Not sure why it is.

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    it doesn't suppress blade dancers fully, it only takes away there defence buff.

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    I like them except for the high bounce factor, would be perfect if they stuck on impact.

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    From my experience, if you toss a suppressor grenade into a pool of enemies, those that were nearer to the centre of blast will get killed instantly, others will have their health damaged to 40~50% or their shields disabled, which in turn allow the enemies to be taken down much faster.

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    So it does not supress their elemental shields?

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    I like the damage of them, but I find a lot of abilities aren't suppressed, which is disappointing. Two examples occurred just today, when I "suppressed" a striker titan and he was still able to shoulder charge me. Why should careful timing of a grenade be inferior to a melee attack? Second, I "suppressed" a warlock and they were still able to throw a solar grenade at me afterwards, securing their kill. The first one I can understand. But if you can't even suppress grenades, what is the point of it in PvP, other than accidentally nuking myself so I can't fly away ;_;

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    They are the best! Golden Gun? Suppress. No prob now!

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    Stupid post. Why use suppression grenades when you can use a hunter.

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question: What is the subject of this text?

answer: The text seems to be discussing a weapon, the suppressor grenade, in an unnamed video game. After testing the weapon, the writer concludes that it is the strongest grenade available in the game.


text:
An Egyptian woman who made a video alleging sexual harassment has been given two years in prison and a fine on charges of “spreading false news”.

Amal Fathy, an actor and a former activist, uploaded a video to her Facebook account in May detailing how she was sexually harassed during a visit to her bank and criticising the government’s failure to protect women.

Two days after the post, Egyptian security forces entered her home in a pre-dawn raid and arrested her along with her husband and young son, both of whom were later released.

Fathy was subsequently put on trial accused of spreading false news with intent to harm the Egyptian state and possessing “indecent material”. She was sentenced to one year in prison for each charge, and given a fine of 10,000 Egyptian pounds (£430) for making “public insults”.

In a second trial that is under way, she faces allegations that include being a member of a terrorist organisation.

In a UN survey in 2013, 99% of Egyptian women reported that they had experienced some form of sexual harassment. Cairo was described as the “most dangerous megacity in the world for women” in a 2017 Thomson Reuters Foundationpoll.

Mohamed Lotfy, Fathy’s husband and the head of the Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms – who was barred from the courthouse during sentencing, said: “The sentencing is an appalling verdict that contains a message for every harasser, that he is free to harass without fearing punishment, and to every victim of harassment that if she speaks out, she will be jailed.”

Amnesty International also condemned thesentence.

“This is an outrageous case of injustice, where the survivor is sentenced while the abuser remains at large,” said Najia Bounaim, its North Africa campaigns director.

“She is a human rights defender and sexual harassment survivor who told her truth to the world and highlighted the vital issue of women’s safety in Egypt. She is not a criminal and should not be punished for her bravery.”

Other women who have attempted to publicly discuss their experiences of harassment in Egypt have faced similar treatment.

Mona el-Mazbouh, a Lebanese tourist who recorded a comparable video during her stay in Egypt, was arrested at Cairo airport and sentenced to eight years in prison in July, accused of “spreading false rumours that would harm society, attacking religion and public indecency”.

Her sentence was later reduced to one year and then suspended, before she was deported to Lebanon in September.

Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, the Egyptian president, who came to power after a military coup in 2013, drew a large female following, partly due to his promises to ensure women’s safety on Egypt’s streets and combat harassment.

Maya Morsy, the president of the national council for women, has claimed only 9.6%of women in Egypt have been sexually harassed.

question: What did Amal Fathy do that was so threatening to the state of Egypt?

answer: She uploaded a video to facebook detailing how she was sexually harassed during a visit to the bank and criticized the government's failure to protect women.

question: How was Fathy punished?

answer: She was sentenced to one year in prison for each charge and given a fine of 10,000 Egyptian pounds.

question: Did anyone support Fathy?

answer: Her husband condemned the government's actions, as did Amnesty International.

question: Had a similar situation happened before?

answer: Yes, to Lebanese tourist Mona el-Mazbouh.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Egyptian Amal Fathy is facing several charges including spreading false news with intent to harm the Egyptian state and possessing “indecent material”. This after uploading a video to facebook detailing how she was sexually harassed during a visit to the bank and criticizing the government's failure to protect women. She was sentenced to one year in prison for each charge, and given a fine of 10,000 Egyptian pounds (£430) for making “public insults”. Her husband and Amnesty International are condemning the actions. A similar situation happened to Lebanese tourist Mona el-Mazbouh.


text:
June 30, 2019 / 3:24 PM / CBS News

Last decade, when American was embroiled in the Iraq War, a high-ranking U.S. Army Corps of Engineers put her career on the line to stand up to some of the most powerful men in America. She believed that a major corporation had been benefiting from a collection of well-connected contracts that were costing taxpayers tens of millions of dollars in waste, fraud and abuse.

Although she was warned against it by supervisors, she blew the whistle on national TV in front of a Senate committee. "My name is Bunnatine H. Greenhouse. I have agreed to voluntarily appear at this hearing," she addressed the committee.

Bunny Greenhouse was an unlikely whistleblower. In 2005, Greenhouse was the highest-ranked civilian at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

 "When I took my oath of office it said that you will conduct the business of contracting impartially … and with preferential treatment toward none. I saw preferential treatment toward KBR," she told "Whistleblower" host Alex Ferrer in "Bunny's War: The Case Against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers."

KBR was Kellogg Brown and Root — back then, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton.  In the weeks prior to the invasion, Greenhouse learned that KBR was being considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil, or RIO.

"What was the size of this contract?" Ferrer asked.

"Seven billion dollars," she replied.

What Greenhouse didn't know is that even more powerful forces may have been involved.

"A lot of attention fell on Dick Cheney, the vice president, and the fact was that he had been the head of Halliburton for … six years," Vanity Fair journalist Michael Shnayerson explained. "So, the suspicion began to grow that perhaps Cheney was steering government contracts to KBR."

A spokesperson for Dick Cheney told CBS News that the former vice president severed all ties with Halliburton and KBR in the summer of 2000 when he became candidate for vice president.

A representative for KBR said "it's unfortunate that misinformation and myths about KBR's role in supporting the military in Iraq continue to be circulated. These assertions have repeatedly been shown to be false."

For Greenhouse, biting her tongue was never an option. "I can unequivocally state that the abuse related to contracts awarded to KBR represents the most blatant and improper contract abuse I have witnessed during the course of my professional career," she told the Senate committee.

A 2004 government report decided the RIO contract was properly awarded. But the Army eventually split up the contract and, as Greenhouse had requested from the beginning, opened it up to competition.

"Eventually, your enemies at the Army Corps of Engineers caught up with you," Ferrer commented.

"I felt that I was physically being threatened," Greenhouse replied. "They set up a booby trap that caused me to fall," she added.

Born and raised in Rayville, Louisiana, Greenhouse and her six siblings grew up poor in the segregated south. Her parents instilled in her and her siblings a strong sense of morals, integrity and honor; no excuse for being less than the best. In the 1960s, she became the first African American teacher at the newly integrated Unity H.S.

In 1997, she accepted a job with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. She was hired by Lt. General Joe Ballard and was the first African American woman to become the head of contracting within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Greenhouse started to notice a "good ole boys club" forming again at USACE after her boss and mentor, Lt. General Ballard, retired in 2000. Then, in the weeks leading up to the Iraq War in 2003, she attended a top-secret meeting at the Pentagon to discuss details of the Restore Iraqi Oil contract. Present in the room were representatives of Kellogg Brown & Root, a subsidiary of Halliburton, Cheney's former employer.

Greenhouse was concerned about awarding KBR with the no-bid, 5-year contract and urged to accept other bids and limit the duration of the deal. But her objections were never addressed, and KBR received the contract. Later, it was revealed in a draft audit that the company had overcharged the government for fuel purchases by $61 million. She ultimately testified in front of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee.

Greenhouse was the highest-ranked civilian at the Army Corp and she was incredibly good at her job. Because the top brass at USACE couldn't actually fire her, which was a perk of having a high station in the government, they demoted her. When this happened, she was stripped of her security clearance and sent off to a remote cubicle somewhere; she was basically condemned to oblivion. After she filed her whistleblower lawsuit, someone placed a trip wire placed around her cubicle and she fell, permanently damaging her knee.

The Defense Authorization Act Of 2009 reformed some of the very contracting practices that Greenhouse had objected to five years earlier and it limited the duration of certain no-bid contracts.

Greenhouse filed a mixed case lawsuit against the Department of Defense and the Army Corps of Engineers. The whistleblower case claimed that Greenhouse had been retaliated against for speaking out and had faced discrimination based on race, age, and gender. In July 2011, she agreed to a settlement of $970,000.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_"Bunny's War: The Case Against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers"__ aired Friday, June 28 at 8/7c on CBS.  _

question: What does the text say about KBR?

answer: KBR, or Kellogg Brown and Root, is a subsidiary of the oil services firm, Halliburton. KBR had connections to Dick Cheney, who was believed to have steered government contracts toward them as a former employee. Although Cheney denied the allegations, Bunny Greenhouse maintained that there was contract abuse related to KBR. It was later found that KBR overcharged the U.S. government by $61 million under the contract in question.

question: What does the text say about Dick Cheney?

answer: Dick Cheney used to work for KBR, a subsidiary of Halliburton, for six years. It was alleged that, as vice president of the U.S., he steered government contracts toward KBR. Cheney denied exercising any influence on the contracts and a Cheney spokesperson assured CBS News that all ties with Halliburton were cut in 2000, prior to his vice-presidency.

question: What is Halliburton's gross annual income?

question: What does the text say about retaliation against Greenhouse?

answer: After Greenhouse publically blew the whistle on the Army Corps of Engineers regarding the KBR contract called RIO, she felt threatened. Since she could not be fired from her position, she was demoted, stripped of security clearance, and assigned to a cubicle job. Once she filed a whistleblower lawsuit, someone placed a tripwire around her cubicle which caused her to fall and seriously damage her knee.


text:
  ------------------------------
   1440s . 1450S IN ART . 1460s
          . Art timeline
  ------------------------------

The decade of the 1450S IN ART involved many significant events, especially in sculpture.

Events

-   1452: Filippo Lippi and his assistants begin work on the fresco cycle of the _Stories of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist_ in the Great Chapel (_Cappella Maggiore_) of Prato Cathedral
-   1453: Piero della Francesca begins work on the frescos of _The History of the True Cross_ at the church of San Francesco, Arezzo
-   1454-1455: Printing of the Gutenberg Bible, the first major book printed with movable type in the western world, is completed by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz
-   1459: Benozzo Gozzoli begins work on the _Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem_ frescos in the Magi Chapel, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence

Paintings

[Jean Fouquet, Left side of the _Melun Diptych,_ _Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels_ (c.1452)
Wood, 93 x 85 cm] [_Great Generals of the Desert and the Spirits of Grasses and Trees Who Dwell in the Void of Water and Land_, part of the Water and Land Ritual paintings]

-   Giovanni Bellini
    -   _Crucifixion_ (c.1455) (Museo Correr, Venice)
    -   _Madonna with Child_ (after 1450) (Pavia)
    -   _Madonna with Child_ (c.1455) (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
    -   _Pietà (Dead Christ Supported by the Madonna and St. John)_ (1455) (Accademia Carrara, Bergamo)
    -   _St. Jerome in the Desert_ (c.1455-1460) (Barber Institute of Fine Arts, Birmingham)
    -   _Transfiguration of Christ_ (first version, c.1454-1460) (Museo Correr, Venice)
-   Dieric Bouts
    -   _Deposition Altarpiece_ (Royal Chapel of Granada)
    -   _The Entombment_ (completed by c.1455) (National Gallery, London)
-   Petrus Christus
    -   “Berlin Altar Wings” with Annunciation, Nativity, and Last Judgment (1452) (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin)
    -   _Virgin and Child Enthroned with St. Jerome and St. Francis_ (1457?) (Frankfurt)
-   Antonio da Fabriano – _St. Jerome in his Study_ (1451)
-   Antonello da Messina
    -   _Crucifixion_ (two versions, c.1454-1455)
    -   St. Jerome and Abraham panels (c.1455)
-   Andrea del Castagno
    -   _Assumption of the Virgin_ (c.1449-1450)
    -   _Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino_ (fresco painting, 1456) (Florence Cathedral)
-   Piero della Francesca
    -   _Flagellation of Christ_ (probably 1455–1460)
    -   _Madonna del Parto_ (c.1457-1460)
    -   _Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta_ (c.1451)
-   Stefano di Giovanni (Sassetta) – _Mystic Marriage of St. Francis_ (c.1450)
-   Jean Fouquet – _Melun Diptych_ (c.1452) (Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp)
-   Filippo Lippi
    -   _Annunciation_ and _Seven Saints_ (c.1449-1459) (lunettes for Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence; now in National Gallery, London)
    -   _Funeral of St. Jerome_ (c.1452-1460)
    -   _Madonna del Ceppo_ (1452-1453)
    -   _Saint Benedict Orders Saint Maurus to the Rescue of Saint Placidus_ (from predella c.1445-1450)
-   Andrea Mantegna
    -   _Adoration of the Shepherds_ (c.1450-1451)
    -   _Crucifixion_ (1447-1459)
    -   _Presentation at the Temple_ (c.1453-1455)
    -   _Portrait of Cardinal Ludovico Trevisan_ (1459-1460)
    -   _St. James Led to His Execution_ (c.1455) (lost)
    -   _St. Sebastian_ (first version, c.1456-1459)
    -   _San Luca Altarpiece_ (1453-1454)
    -   _San Zeno Altarpiece_ (c.1457-1460)
-   Paolo Uccello – _The Battle of San Romano_ (tryptych completed by c.1455)
-   Water and Land Ritual paintings (Chinese Ming dynasty, 1454)
-   Rogier van der Weyden – _The Braque Triptych_ (c.1452)

Sculpture

-   1453: Donatello's _Equestrian statue of Gattamelata_, Piazza del Santo, Padua, erected.
-   c.1455: Donatello's _Mary Magdalene_, for Florence Cathedral, now in Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence).
-   c.1457: Donatello's _Judith and Holofernes_ erected outside Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence.

Births

-   1450: Matteo Lappoli, Italian painter (died 1504)
-   1450 Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (died 1516)
-   1450: Ludovico Brea – Italian painter active primarily in Genoa (died 1523)
-   1450: Guidoccio Cozzarelli - Italian Renaissance painter and miniaturist (died 1517)
-   1450: Bartolomeo Montagna – Italian painter and architect who worked in Vicenza and Venice (died 1523)
-   1450: Antonio del Massaro - Italian Quattrocento painters (died 1516)
-   1450: Francesco Raibolini known as Francesco Francia, Bolognese painter and medalist (died 1517)
-   1450: Pedro Berruguete – Spanish painter (died 1504)
-   1450: Bartholomäus Zeitblom – German painter and the chief master of the school of Ulm (died 1519)
-   1450: Matteo de Fedeli - Italian Renaissance painter (died 1505)
-   1450/1460: Jan Joest – Dutch painter (died 1519)
-   1450: Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād – painter of Persian miniatures (died 1535)
-   1451: Cristoforo Moretti - painter of the quattrocento who worked in a late International Gothic style (died 1475)
-   1452: Pietro del Donzello – Italian painter (died 1509)
-   1452: Francesco dai Libri - Italian manuscript illuminator (died _unknown_)
-   1452: April 15 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian Renaissance architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, scientist, mathematician, musician and painter (died 1519)[1]
-   1452: Davide Ghirlandaio – Italian painter and mosaicist (died 1525)
-   1452: Attavante degli Attavanti - Italian miniature painter (died 1525)
-   1453: Sultan Ali Mashhadi - Persian calligrapher and poet (died 1520)
-   1454: Pinturicchio – Italian painter of the Renaissance (died 1513)
-   1455: Ugo da Carpi – Italian painter and printmaker who worked in woodcut (died 1523)
-   1455: Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis – Italian Renaissance painter from Milan (died 1508)
-   1455: Adam Kraft – German sculptor and master builder of the late Gothic period (died 1509)
-   1455: Ippolito del Donzello - Italian Quattrocento painter (died _unknown_)
-   1455: Jörg Syrlin the Younger - German sculptor (died 1521)
-   1455: Peter Vischer the Elder – German sculptor (died 1529)
-   1455: Francesco Bonsignori – Italian painter (died 1519)
-   1455/1460: Bernardino Bergognone - Italian Renaissance painter of the Milanese school (died 1525)
-   1456: Bartolomeo Suardi – Italian painter and architect (died 1530)
-   1457: Filippino Lippi, Tuscan painter (died 1504)
-   1457: Pietro di Domenico - Italian Renaissance painter (died 1506)
-   1457/1459: Jean Bourdichon, French miniature painter and manuscript illuminator (died 1521)
-   1458: Pietro di Francesco degli Orioli – sculptor (died 1496)
-   1458: Antonio Lombardo – Italian sculptor (died 1516)
-   1459: Lorenzo di Credi – Italian painter and sculptor (died 1537)
-   1459: Cima da Conegliano – Italian Renaissance painter (died 1517)
-   1459: Wu Wei – Chinese landscape painter during the Ming Dynasty (died 1508)
-   1459/1460: Benedetto Buglioni – Italian sculptor in glazed terracotta (died 1521)

Deaths

-   1459: Jacques Morel - French sculptor (born 1395)
-   1457: Andrea del Castagno - Italian fresco painter from Florence (born 1421)
-   1457: Rossello di Jacopo Franchi – Italian painter (born 1376)
-   February 18, 1455 – Fra Angelico – Italian painter (born 1395)
-   December 1, 1455 – Lorenzo Ghiberti – Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking (born 1378)
-   1455: Pisanello – painter of the early Italian Renaissance and Quattrocento (born 1395)
-   1453: Parri Spinelli – Italian (Tuscan) painter of the early renaissance (born 1387)
-   1452: Bicci di Lorenzo – Italian painter and sculptor, active in Florence (born 1373)
-   1452: Bernardo Martorell – Spanish painter, working in an Early Renaissance style (born 1400)
-   1451: Piero di Niccolo Lamberti – Italian sculptor (born 1393)
-   1450: Sassetta – Italian painter (born 1392)
-   1450: Xie Huan – Chinese painter of the early Ming Dynasty (died 1370)

[1]  Biography, Art, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-da-Vinci |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=3 May 2019 |language=en}}

title: 1450s in art

question: Summarize the important events that made an impact on art in the 1450's.

answer: In 1452, Filippo Lippi and his assistants begin work on the fresco cycle of the Stories of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist in the Great Chapel (Cappella Maggiore) of Prato Cathedral then the year after that, Piero della Francesca begins work on the frescos of The History of the True Cross at the church of San Francesco, Arezzo. Then from 1454 to 1455, the Gutenberg Bible was printed and was completed Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz. In 1459, Benozzo Gozzoli begins work on the Journey of the Magi to Bethlehem frescos in the Magi Chapel, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence.

question: What does the text say about Giovanni Bellini's art?

answer: In total, Giovanni Bellini has made 43 art pieces from the 1450s to the 1460s.

question: What does the text say about art in the 1950s?

answer: 1450s art involved many significant events including the making of famous sculpture pieces.


text:
It was a chilly spring day in Vancouver. “Hurry up we have to get going to the town center soon, breakfast is downstairs,” Adams wife stood at the bedroom door. She had dark black hair that drooped down her face and pale white skin much like Adam. He got up out of bed to change into his black jumpsuit; the same jumpsuit that everyone wore except his had a unique number, it read 77689. Towards the bathroom, he walked with a slouched back and a slight limp following a factory accident he had a month ago. A feeling of anger came over him but quickly subsided; he remembered the doctor telling him to control his thoughts and emotions.

“Breakfast looks good,” he said with a cold smile, it was a hot metal bowl of oatmeal and honey. The same food everyone got for their rations, the government provided the food, everyone got equal treatment. At the table sat Adams only son Tim, a gaunt ghoulish boy with razor-sharp cheekbones and hollow eyes.

“I hate this food,” Tim said spinning his spoon around the bowl, making a horrid screeching sound.

“Stop that,” his mum groaned looking as equally fed up of the cuisine.

“Don’t complain about the food, we should be thankful that we’re eating a hot meal,” Adam insisted, something inside of him didn’t feel right but he carried on slurping up the oatmeal. He looked past the drab and grey walls into the window where the sun stood far out of reach. “Let's get going, we don’t want to miss the news,” Adam sighed, as he got up the old wooden chair screamed being dragged across the wood floor.

The door creaked open as the family stepped out, the smoke-filled air heated up Adams throat drying it up like an Arabian desert. His lungs now used to the air no longer rejected it instead suffered from every burning breath. The taste was like burning hair which dried up the mouth. Stark houses stood only meters apart to accommodate the growing population. Now at the Town Center, he looked at the posters which hung up on telephone poles ‘Vote for Venessa Cooper 2078’, the same burning anger from earlier crept up his insides but like a fire extinguisher was put out by an irrational wave of fear. The endless sea of people stood around them, a flowing river of bodies. EEEEEEE the siren screeched, and silence quickly came to take its place. The silence hung in the air like a heavy fog but was disturbed by a flash.

“This is not your daily news broadcast, we call ourselves M0XERS,” the huge screen which usually displayed the news now projected a man with a deep monotone voice. He looked different as his face was not gaunt but was instead colourful and round, he had a dark brown beard that resembled a rainforest, his bare head scrunched up when he spoke. “We are here to liberate you from the prison you live in,” he declared, his tone so serious but warming. All eyes were on the screen then a group of dark masked figures abseiled down the screen. As people watched in curiosity the red paint quickly made out the word ‘freedom’.

The heavy silence was pierced by the yelling and hissing of people chanting “This is the hate of the old age!” The man on the screen looked in horror, suddenly the door behind him opened with a loud bang. Flashing white was followed by the sound of gunshots and screams. Silence once again covered the town center like a blanket of fog, when the dust cleared all that was left were bodies. A soldier dressed in all white appeared on screen then all went blank.

“We need to get out of here,” Adam said as he pulled his family away from the sea of people. Gunshots could be heard as a large military truck the size of two school buses plowed through the group of masked individuals. Gas was thrown at the crowd to disperse them. Everything slowed down, it felt as if someone stabbed him and pulled out his stomach. People were running and screaming as people began getting caught in the crossfire, he looked back and froze.

Breaths began coming to him but only in slow rattling gasps. His breathing would stop only to emerge like a drowning victim coming up for their last breath. His family still life clawed out of them into the cold hands of death. He looked at the word freedom now barely visible, covered in blood like a 1st graders painting.

“Go home or you will be shot!” the speaker blasted; this startled all the people still frozen in place to run like birds from a rock. Adam ran to in fear of his life, was he a coward to do so he thought. Nausea clawed at his throat he felt a strong contraction in his stomach, a vile acidic taste filled his mouth as he looked down only to see vivid yellow bile with chunks of oats.

The door creaked open and the coldness from the house felt like nails down his spine. His crying was both ferocious and noisy. He blinked briny tears from bloodshot eyes, his thick lashes stuck together in clumps as if he'd been swimming. The tears made wet tracks down his face and dripped from his stubbled, wobbling chin. He lay down needles sliced through every inch of his body the pain was too much, his eyes felt heavy like warm blankets.  He let his consciousness ebb away into the escape which was the darkness.

title: [RF] School short story can't think of a title and need help with grammar :)

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: Vancouver

question: Who is the main character of the story?

answer: Adam

question: Who did Adam have breakfast with?

answer: With his only son, Tim

question: What was happening in the streets?

answer: Some sort of revolution

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Adam and his family are living off government-provided food. Everyone got equal treatment. The family leaves the home and head to the town center where bodies were flowing like a river. Warnings of being shot were being blasted on speakers to those who refused to go home. Some people froze in place but Adam ran in fear of his life.


text:
    Early on a Saturday morning, I woke up to birds chirping, children laughing and playing outside at the park, and the sun shining through my window onto the floor where my little kitten, Jericho, lay on his back purring. Jericho isn’t year old yet and has black fur with a white stomach paws. He is a good kitten, sometimes he can be a little mischievous, like when I wake up in the middle of the night and he is staring at me with his big, black, glowing eyes or when I walk into my room and he will pounce on me like Hobbes from Calvin and Hobbes. I went downstairs to make myself a cup of hot coffee. I turned on the coffee machine and stepped outside to enjoy the weather for a little while my coffee was brewing. The chase I was sprawled out on was so cozy I dozed off a little bit. I thought about all of the good days I’ve had that started out like this. I felt as if nothing could go wrong.

I woke up to the voluptuous aroma of fresh, blue mountain, Jamaican coffee... And smoke. I could smell my ex-wife Gretta from the street. Gretta was a little bit on the darker side when it came to humor, clothing and choice of color. She had pale skin and jet black hair, she was pretty, too pretty to be forty . Undoubtedly she was here with her lawyer to tell me that I needed to hand over half of my stuff because she bought it (with my money) and therefore it was her’s. I could sense that she was planning something by the way she stepped out her cigarette and how she walked up the path in the front yard to ring my doorbell that she wanted more than just my stuff and my money. As I stood up, I heard her ring the bell and on my way to the door I was thinking of what else she wanted from me. I answered the door and without warning, Gretta walked in and so did the smell of the smoke that had a choke hold to her body and clothes. I was silent, observing her face to get any hint of what she wanted. She looked straight into my eyes as if she was looking into my soul. I was entranced by her eyes and wondering why she was here. I couldn’t break the spell of her crystal blue eyes. Then, without saying a word, I was in pain. Not physical, but emotional pain. How could she do this to me? She knows how much he means to me. She must be a demon straight from hell! Full of rage, I shouted “You can’t!” she replied “oh but I can.” the man sitting next to her pulled out a list. I saw a name on it. It wasn’t a chair or a TV, it was Jericho. I ran upstairs and snatched Jericho from the bed, much to his surprise. He pawed my face but then realized it was me. Gretta followed me, “He’s mine now”

I slowly looked up at her and made a face that radiated disgust and hatred. I walked over to my wardrobe and opened the doors. I watched the expression on her face slowly turn from a spiteful satisfaction to a shocked horror as I drew a fully loaded Armalite AR-180 carbine gas-operated semi automatic into my shoulder. This gun had never felt so smooth and soft as I firmly held the grip in my hand, the rifle felt like it belonged in my arms like a lover returning home from war as he embraces his lover longer and harder than he ever has before. I looked down the sights, I focused first on the rear sights as they stand like two great pillars with only death separating them. Then I focus in the front sight; it stands like an oasis of fatality in a desert of life. Then, her face. Her face is colorless and already looks dead. That beautiful face of a woman who doesn’t look half her age, turned as white as the light at the end of the tunnel and aged twenty years. I said in a cold, hard voice,”Go to hell, bitch.”

Her head now painted the wall behind her as fragments of her brain stuck to the wall. Gretta’s lifeless body fell backwards and hit the wall behind her much as someone after a long day at work sits down, glad to get a rest. Her slender arms were open with the palms of her hands facing me. She was dead.

    I stood there looking at what I had done, I may have over reacted a bit. The lawyer stomped up the stairs and flung open the door to the morbid scene that I had just created. He stared at her, his mouth agape and eyes wide open. he stared at her limp body for a minute or two then he slowly and fearfully turned his head to me, eyeing the death machine I held in my hands. I saw the grip of the Beretta poking out from underneath his jacket. I don't think he knows I saw the pistol but at that moment I knew I couldn’t let him get away so I pulled the Armalite back up to my shoulder and he slipped behind the door frame just as I let three rounds slip into the solid walnut door directly behind him. I looked out the window and saw the license plate “L8VTX23” on a black BMW M3 then I saw him running out to his car and fumbling in his pocketses for his keys. I ran downstairs as fast as I could and saw his phone laying on the kitchen table. I exhaled a sigh of relief because I knew that I still had a chance to get him and make sure that no one knew about what had went down earlier today.

I grabbed the garage door opener and my keys then ran out back and backed out in my Audi R8 and sped off. I could just see him turn at the light about 200 feet away so I stepped on the gas and screeched around the corner and caught up to him. My palms were sweaty and and my hands were shaking as I tapped on the gas and yanked the wheel to my left so the nose of my car took out the back of his. He lost control and broke through the barrier and crashed into a tree. The lawyer emerged from the car looking like he had just been beaten off and limped to the nearest tree for support. I walked down the the hill to where he stood and said, “You should always wear your seatbelt,” He looked at me with a face full of horror and surprise, “You. Are. Insane! People like you don’t deserve to live!”

“Little did you know, that  you are the one who is working for the force of evil.-”

“You’re lying”

“do you know why she wanted Jericho? Do you know what jericho is? Jericho is the key to the portal. The portal that Gretta and I built. We had it all figured out, we were the best of friends since we met, we did everything together! But at the last moment, our differences held us back. The portal would answer all of our questions, it would give us a continuation of forces, we would all become gods! She wanted to use the portal to manipulate the economy, to manipulate politics, to manipulate our minds, she wanted to rule the world. I was the only one who could stop her. before we even had the portal opened, she already had a god complex, she was never wrong.”

“None of this makes any sense! you are crazy! I am just a lawyer who was helping with a divorce!”

“Thats what she wanted you to believe but you were actually delivering her the key to the universe.”

“But it’s just a cat!”

“No it’s the key. The key was originally the apple of Eve, the cause of the sin in the world today. I transformed the apple into Jericho, a living, breathing, immortal being.”

“You really are crazy!” Just then he wipped his coat back and yanked out the berreta that he had tucked in his hip as I ducked behind a tree. Bullets ripped the bark off the tree. I pulled out my Desert Eagle and dove out from behind the tree. I put a bullet in his chest through his femoral artery and one in his neck. he fell to the ground as I stood up and finished him with a bullet between the eyes.

title: My Cat

question: What would have happened if Gretta obtained Jericho?

answer: According to the narrator, she would be able to open a portal which would give her the power to manipulate people and society, giving the effective position of a god.


text:
  _This post is an adapted excerpt from the blog of CIRCLEUP, a Priceonomics customer._

[]

As a child in the small port town of Hafnarfjörður, Iceland, Smári Ásmundsson enjoyed one treat in particular: a slightly sour yogurt called _skyr_. In the morning, he’d eat it with fresh oats; in the evenings, with fruit or jam.

And so did hundreds of thousands of other Icelanders: as far back as the 9th century, _skyr_ has been the country’s signature food. Thick, creamy, and naturally high in protein, it sustained the Vikings through long, dark winters, and provided early settlers with a means to preserve milk. Icelanders are, and have always been, a simple, practical people — and in a land of fjords, glaciers, and jagged peaks, skyr is a simple, practical food: it is to Iceland what the potato is the Ireland.

Many years later, living in the U.S., Ásmundsson missed his childhood delicacy so much that he decided to backpocket his career as one of the world’s premier photographers and launch his own skyr business. Today, his product sits alongside Chobani and probiotic shakes in thousands of natural foods stores.

This is the story of how Smári Organics got into every Whole Foods in America.

THE YOGURT VIKING

Smári Ásmundsson spent his earliest summers delivering newspapers so that he could afford a camera. Years later, after briefly studying business, he’d embark to the United States and enroll at Santa Barbara’s prestigious Brooks Institute of Photography.

What followed was a career as a one of the world’s premier advertising photographers: jetsetting across the globe, the large, bearded man became eminent in his field, shooting for clients like Volkswagen, Rolex, and Genentech.

But when his first son was born, Ásmundsson’s thoughts were consumed by nutrition. “I became interested in improving our diet,” he said in an interview, “and I was discouraged by the conventional foods that were here in the United States.”

Fortuitously, his mother arrived, bearing a suitcase full of Icelandic goods, including several large tubs of skyr.

  _Iceland, the motherland of skyr_

Skyr, realized Ásmundsson, was nutritious, wholesome, and a formidable alternative to the “sugary crap” pervading the American culinary landscape. So, like any self-sufficient Icelander, he set out to make it for his son.

To learn the ropes, he journeyed to the eastern Iceland town of Egilsstaðir and shadowed an 82-year-old dairyman. The skyr maker offered simple advice: "Get the best milk. Skim the fat. Add live cultures. Let it set. Strain the liquid. When it looks really thick, strain even more."

In May 2011, with little real-world business experience, and nothing more than a traditional recipe for skyr, Ásmundsson decided to start a yogurt company.

DIVING IN

Ásmundsson’s knowledge of the natural food industry was limited, but he knew that contacting Whole Foods would be a good place to start.

With 88,000 employees, $14.2 billion in annual revenue, and 421 locations, Whole Foods represents more than 40% of all self-identified “natural food” stores in the United States. Whereas the majority of other natural food stores are relatively small (averaging around 2,000 square feet per location), the typical Whole Foods market is anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000 square feet, and houses a much wider, diverse range of products.

The chain delineates its markets into 12 different “regions,” each of which is keen on supporting local products. After doing a little research, Ásmundsson learned that the best way to approach Whole Foods was to contact the buyer closest to him: he dug up the phone number for Northern California’s dairy buyer, and gave him a ring.

  _Via__Whole Foods_

“I’m from Iceland, and I’m interested in starting a true sykr company,” he told the buyer.

“You’re not going to believe this, but I think I’m more excited about this idea than you are,” the man responded. “The sooner we can meet, the better. We’ve been looking for something like this.”

A week later, the two met. Ásmundsson had no package, no design, and no company name; all he brought with him was a cardboard box full of yogurt he’d made in his kitchen the night before. The buyer saw the product’s potential, but it needed a lot of work to be ready for the shelves: certifications, packaging, financial backing, and, most pressingly, a production facility.

“When you’re ready, just give us a call,” said the buyer. “We think this will be great.”

Overwhelmed, Ásmundsson turned to his friend, Douglas Stewart, and asked him to come on board as a co-founder and partner.

A LITTLE HELP FROM A FRIEND

  _The Smári dream team: Douglas Stewart (left), and Smári Ásmundsson (right)_

Twenty-five years earlier, as a student at Stanford University in the early 90s, Stewart had spent a year in the rain forests of Brazil studying Amazonian deforestation.

While there, he formulated an idea: “There were all these exotic fruits nobody in the U.S. had ever heard of,” he says, “and I thought, ‘Somebody should make them into a commodity that Americans will eat, then give back a portion of the profits to help save the trees.’”

In 1994, two years after graduating, he launched Howler Products, a line of organic sorbets and gelatos using exotic rainforest fruits from South America.Like Ásmundsson, he didn’t know much about business, distribution, or branding, and was only armed with a vague theory about a product that would make the world a better place. Also like Ásmundsson, he decided to approach Whole Foods first.

Back then, he says, the process of getting into a Whole Foods was different, and even more localized:

  _“An individual store buyer could make a decision on a product, put it on Whole Foods shelves, and sell it the very next week in that store (this is no longer true). I approached a guy who worked in the Palo Alto store, near campus, and he agreed to stock my product. From there, I got a meeting with Whole Foods’ regional dairy guy, and the products were put in 3 other Whole Food stores in Northern California.”_

By Spring of 1995, partly thanks to a highly successful Stanford University press release, Stewart’s sorbets and gelatos were in 50 stores across the United States. The following year, Stewart purchased a 4,000 square foot factory in San Francisco, and was churning out 30 gallons of product per day. Eight years later, his factory was producing 5,000 gallons a day, and Howler Products had become the #1 selling organic sorbet in the United States.

Still, says Stewart, the organic foods market was miniscule compared to what it is today. “To put it into perspective, my product was on every shelf in virtually every natural foods store in America, and I had less than $1 million in sales during those times,” he says.

When bigger brands recognized Stewart’s success, they replicated his model; by 2004, Howler Products had been forced out of the market. He spent the ensuing years launching several other food and beverage ventures, including an award-winning wine company that he later sold for several million dollars.

“After that, I told myself I’d never get back into the food business,” says Stewart, “but that if I did, it would be for yogurt: I thought it had a lot of runway.”

THE RISE OF SMÁRI ORGANICS

When Stewart received the call to join Ásmundsson in the Summer of 2011, he jumped at the opportunity. Since launching Howler Products, the organic food industry, as a whole, had grown from a $1 billion to a $26.7 billion industry — but since he’d been through the ropes before, he was able to swiftly assemble a plan of action.

While Ásmundsson thought he needed about $250,000 to get off the ground, Stewart estimated they’d need more on the order of $2.5 to $5 million (“Getting yourself in everyone’s mouth is a very expensive game,” he says). Initially, they chose to bootstrap the upfront costs.

After naming the company Smári Organics, after its founder, the duo then tapped into Ásmundsson’s network of talented designer friends to craft the packaging and labels, which featured “aurora borealis themed stripes.”

When they met with Whole Foods’ Northern California dairy buyer again in early 2012, he was not only excited, but wildly supportive. “He said, I’m going to kick this up the chain to national; when you get bought, I want to be your first region,’” recalls Stewart. But the team had a massive challenge ahead:

  _“We were hitting wall after wall when it came to getting the product made in a factory. It required_ _VERY SPECIFIC_ _equipment nobody in the U.S. owned, or had ever used before. If we really wanted to make skyr the way they made it in Iceland (the right way), we needed this equipment.”_

A trying year ensued, in which Ásmundsson and Stewart raised capital through CircleUp and scouted a location for a factory. Finally, by the end of 2012, Ásmundsson and Stewart had imported the necessary equipment from Europe, and found “the perfect production facility,” right in the middle of Wisconsin’s Organic Valley, a location that has served as the nucleus of America’s booming yogurt market over the past decade.

  _Via Smári Organics_

Being bought by Whole Foods, a chain with massive scale potential, meant that Ásmundsson would have to turn his kitchen-made dish into a much larger operation. To do so, he’d need to significantly re-tailor his recipe, while still staying true to its roots.

He settled on a system in which he sourced milk from organic, pasture- based Jersey and Guernsey cows, skimmed the cream from it (skyr is traditionally made with nonfat milk), then inoculated it with live cultures, and ran it through a specialized strainer that removed a high percentage of water without compromising the yogurt’s creamy texture. They started with four flavors (Pure, Vanilla, Strawberry, and Blueberry), each of which came in a 6-ounce container.

  _On its site, Smári Organics features "social profiles" of the cows its milk comes from_

At the time, most Whole Foods stores already stocked one other skyr yogurt, Siggi’s, which had launched a few years prior to Smári Organics, but it did not utilize the specialized machines used in Iceland.

“We’re the only yogurt company in the U.S. with this machinery,” says Stewart, who won’t expand on what the machines are, since they are among Smári’s core intellectual properties. “It’s slower, way more expensive, and — oh my God, _so much_ harder to manage. But, the process we came up with is so good that people from Iceland tell us it’s the best Skyr they’ve ever tasted.”

When Smári Organics finally opened its doors in January 2013, they had standing orders from half of the Whole Foods in the country — at the time, some 175 stores. By mid-2013, they’d expanded to about 300 stores:

  _Smári’s distribution in April, 2013_

Getting onto the shelves at Whole Foods opened other doors for Smári: they were soon picked up by Costco, Kroger, Safeway, The Fresh Market, National Co-op Grocers, and “numerous independent stores and smaller chains.”

Over the course of two years, they added four new flavors (Nonfat Coconut, Peach, and two Whole Milk flavors), and more than doubled their distribution, to 777 stores nationwide — a growth of 151%:

  _Smári’s distribution in April, 2015_

“Whole Foods sees itself strategically as a pioneer of new products, and new ideas — they’re an incubator of foods that are good for you, environmentally friendly, and produced in socially and economically sustainable ways,” says Stewart. “And they’re able to slam you into distribution and scale you like no other natural foods chain can.”

THE CHALLENGES OF SCALING QUICKLY

Today, largely thanks to Whole Foods, Smári Organics ships to around 20 large warehouses a week using 5 major distribution companies. But scaling so quickly, says Stewart, has come with its own set of challenges:

“In the food business, especially with yogurt, you need a lot of product to succeed," says Stewart. "When you make a 1,000 gallon batch, that produces about 150 gallons of yogurt, or 500 cases of finished product. That’s a pretty big loss of initial ingredient, and input cost is high. We prefer to make 4,000 gallon batches that produce 2,000 cases of product — about $30k worth. That’s the bare minimum you can make before you can possibly think of any margins.”

  _Smári’s first Whole Foods shipment leaving the dairy warehouse (December, 2012)_

In addition, Whole Foods has pushed Smári to adopt certain labels, in order to sell more units.

“We didn’t necessarily intend for Smári to be a kosher, gluten free, or grass-fed company, but Whole Foods thought those labels would entice more people to buy the yogurt,” says Stewart. “They push producers to adapt certain labels, and go through the certification processes.” In doing so, the chain has influenced how products are marketed, on its shelves and beyond.

As a smaller product in larger stores, Smári also must compete in a market that Stewart calls a “kleptocracy.” When courting a major grocery outlet, a company must pay slotting fees, or fees the outlet charges to stock a product on its shelves. These range from $25,000 for regional stores, to more than $250,000 in “high demand markets.” The company must not only pay this fee, but give the store cases of free product (called “free fill”), that the store then sells at full price and pockets the profit on. To date, Smári has spent $327,000 on these costs.

In an effort to market niche goods, a store will also often overextend its discount periods — for instance, marking down a product 25% for four weeks, when the initial agreement with the distributor was for one or two weeks. The margin, in these cases, is pocketed by the store. Ultimately, Stewart says these tactics benefit the food business’s “big players,” while harming the little guys.

  _A note left on the doorstep of Smári Organic’s fan Petaluma (Northern California) headquarters_

“Building a food brand costs a lot more than it should,” he says. “The big players in food — Nestle, Unilever, Dannon — aren’t as impacted by these things: they have the budget and marketing muscle to put a product on 30,000 shelves all at once, and have a 3,000 person sales team to sell it.”

Luckily, Whole Foods is in the rarified group of big stores (along with Walmart and Costco), that does NOT charge slotting fees, or demand free crates of product. Instead, the store relies on testing the waters with products at a regional level, before committing to them on a national scale (in this sense, Smári is an anomaly).

Additionally, there is a incalculable value to being a small food brand that comes in the form of being a part of a special community.

“At the end of the day, I like making a product that my family and friends can buy locally, and that I can feed to my kids,” says Stewart. “It makes me feel like what I do for a living has a tangible, positive impact on people’s lives.”

[]

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question: Summarize what the text says about skyr.

answer: Skyr is a slightly sour yogurt that originates in Iceland, where it is a signature food. It is thick, creamy, and is protein-rich. It is traditionally made with non-fat milk and begins with milk that is strained, then live cultures are added, and it's strained more until the desired consistency is achieved. Smari Asmundsson founded a company that makes skyr.

question: Summarize what the text says about Whole Foods.

answer: Whole foods is a national-scale natural foods market that is regionally based. Whole Foods worked closely with Smari Organics to get its skyr product on the shelves for its customers. Whole Foods' support of Smari Organics soon opened the door of other large grocery stores to Smari. Whole Foods advised Smari Organics on its labeling in order to market better to a broader natural foods customer base.

question: What does the text say about CIRCLEUP's net worth?


text:
  ----------------------------- ------------------------
   [Map of Georgia elevations]
    Map of Georgia elevations
              AREA
              TOTAL
              LAND
              WATER
            LATITUDE
            LONGITUDE
             BORDERS
             FLORIDA
         SOUTH CAROLINA
             ALABAMA
            TENNESSEE
         NORTH CAROLINA
           COASTLINES
  ----------------------------- ------------------------

  : GEOGRAPHY OF GEORGIA (U.S. STATE)

The GEOGRAPHY OF GEORGIA describes a state in the Southeastern United States in North America. The Golden Isles of Georgia lie off the coast of the state. The main geographical features include mountains such as the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians in the northwest, the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northeast, the Piedmont plateau in the central portion of the state and Coastal Plain in the south. The highest area in Georgia is Brasstown Bald which is 1,458 m (4,784 ft) above sea level, while the lowest is at sea level, at the Atlantic Ocean. Georgia is located at approximately 33° N 83.5° W. The state has a total area of and the geographic center is located in Twiggs County.[3]

Georgia has primarily a humid subtropical climate with hot and humid summers, except at the highest elevations. Georgia's subtropical climate depends on latitude and how close an area is to the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. The state's weather is mostly moderate, but Georgia has occasional extreme weather. The highest temperature ever recorded is 112 °F (44.4 °C) and the lowest is -17 °F (-27.2 °C).[4] Georgia is vulnerable to hurricanes, though the coast rarely experiences a direct hurricane strike.

Georgia has 500 cities in 159 counties with 13 congressional districts. 149 of the 159 in the state are governed by a committee of around three to eleven commissioners while the other 10 are overseen by a single commissioner.[5] Most of the 536 cities are governed by a mayor-council system. Georgia has almost eight million acres (32,000 km²) of prime farmland while over 60% of the land is made up of pine forests. Georgia has 70,150 miles (112,900 km) of streams and rivers, 425,000 acres (1,720 km2) of lakes, and approximately 4,500,000 acres (18,000 km2) of freshwater wetlands. Manganese, iron, copper, among and other minerals make up the natural resources of the state.

Physical geography

There are six major geographical regions of Georgia. They are the Appalachian Plateau region, the Ridge and Valley region, the Blue Ridge region, the Piedmont region, and the Coastal Plain region.

The Appalachian Plateau region is the southern portion of the Appalachian Plateau that stretches from New York through Georgia and west into Alabama.

The Ridge and Valley region lies in the northwestern portion of the state.[6] The area was formed due to extreme folding and faulting events. This folding and faulting created a series of ridges and valleys that vary in “height, width and geological materials”.[7] It consists of limestone, sandstone, chert, mudstone and shale as well as many other types of rocks. Much of the land in the area is heavily forested as forests cover almost half of the region.[8]

The Blue Ridge region of Georgia is situated in the northeast of the state just north of the Piedmont.[9] The mountain peaks in the Blue Ridge, which are among the highest in the state, average between two thousand and five thousand feet.[10] It includes igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary geology; the main types of rocks in the area are gneiss, slate and saprolite. The soils of the Broad Basin are mostly loamy or clayey Ultiso.[11] The Blue Ridge consists primarily of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, and the landscape has relatively high relief.

The Piedmont region consists of Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks, and the landscape has relatively low relief. The Piedmont is the second largest region of Georgia, and it has 3 water systems: the Chattahoochee River, West Point Lake, and Lake Sidney Lanier. The rocks of the Piedmont are made up of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks and the soils are of a finer texture than those found on the coastal plain. Some specific types of rock in the Piedmont are schist, gneiss, and phyllite among others.[12] Georgia's coastal plain is made up of sedimentary rock dating from the Late Cretaceous to Holocene periods.[13] The primary natural mineral resource in the area is kaolin.[14]

The Coastal Plain region is the largest and includes portions of the Atlantic coastal plain and the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain. The Atlantic Coastal Plain and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain consist of sediments and sedimentary rocks that range in age from Cretaceous to Present. The boundary between the Piedmont Region and the Coastal Plain Region is the Fall Line. The Sandhills or Carolina Sandhills is a 10–35 mi (16–56 km) wide region within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, along the inland margin of this province.[15] The Satilla River is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Alapaha River, Suwanee River, and the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers flow through the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Florida Panhandle into the Gulf of Mexico. Lake Seminole is a reservoir at the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers on the Georgia–Florida border.

Geologic History

The oldest known rocks found in Georgia are from the Precambrian Proterozoic Era and are about 1 to 1.34 billion years old. They are found in the Piedmont Plateau and Blue Ridge mountain regions. Approximately 1 billion years ago a metamorphic change occurred during an event called the Grenville Orogeny and caused the rocks, which were originally sediment, to compress into a form of rock called gneiss due to heat and pressure. Around 630 million years ago the Grenville mountains began to erode carrying sediments from streams to the sea. The gneiss formed from these sediments created the marble, metaconglomerate, phyllite, quartzite, schist, and slate found in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont areas.

Three separate orogeny events impacted the eastern portion of North America during the Paleozoic. From these orogeny came folding, faulting, and igneous intrusions in the Piedmont, the Blue Ridge, the Valley and Ridge and the Appalachian Plateau.[16]

Georgia Mountains Region

[View from Brasstown Bald]

The Georgia Mountains Region are part of the Blue Ridge Mountains and begin in the northeast corner of Georgia. Brasstown Bald, the highest mountain in Georgia at 4,784 feet (1,458 m) above mean sea level,[17] is part of the chain and sits in an area known as Wolfpen Ridge.[18] Other mountains in Georgia include Rabun Bald, Arabia Mountain, Big Bald Mountain, Black Mountain, and Blood Mountain.

Stone Mountain, located in Stone Mountain, Georgia is a well-known mountain that has an elevation of 1,683 feet (513 m) amsl from its summit and 825 feet (251.5 m) above the surrounding plateau. The mountain is known for its geology and also for its enormous bas-relief depicting three Confederate leaders: Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. The bas-relief is the largest in the world.[19]

Rivers and lakes

[The Savannah River begins at Hartwell Dam]

Several major rivers run through the state of Georgia. Some of them are the Flint River, Towaliga River, Ocmulgee River, Etowah River, Altamaha River, Savannah River, the Suwannee River. The Chattahoochee River is Georgia's longest, at .[20] The river begins in the Blue Ridge Mountains just below Brasstown Bald and ends at Lake Seminole in the southwesternmost corner of Georgia where it creates a boundary between Alabama and Florida.[21]

Lake Lanier is the largest lake in Georgia[22] followed by Lake Oconee as the second largest.[23] Lake Lanier is long and covers approximately of riverbed[24] Lake Oconee is long and about a mile wide.[25] Other lakes in the state include Lake Acworth, Lake Allatoona, Lake Blackshear, Jackson Lake (Georgia), West Point Lake, High Falls, Lake Seminole, Lake Chatuge and Walter F. George Lake.

Islands

[Marsh on Cumberland Island] Georgia has fourteen barrier islands off of its coast. Four of these islands are known as The Golden Isles. The largest of these islands is Cumberland Island in Camden County.[26] The island is uninhabited and is only accessible by boat. Some of the next largest islands are St. Simon's Island in Glynn County as the second largest;[27] Ossabaw Island, twenty miles (32 km) south of Savannah, is the third largest of the islands and Sapelo Island, sixty miles south of Savannah, is the fourth.[28][29] The smallest of the islands is Jekyll Island in Glynn County.[30]

Climate

[Average annual precipitation for Georgia]

The majority of Georgia has primarily a humid subtropical climate tempered somewhat by occasional polar air masses in the winter. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. The entire state, including the north Georgia mountains, receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from 45 inches (1143 mm) in central Georgia[31] to approximately 75 inches (1905 mm) around the Northeast part of the state.[32] The degree to which the weather of a certain area of Georgia is subtropical depends not just on the latitude, but also on how close it is to the Atlantic Ocean or Gulf of Mexico and the altitude. This is especially true in the mountainous areas in the northern part of the state, which are further away from ocean waters and can be up to 4500 feet (1350 m) or higher above sea level.

In spite of having moderate weather compared to many other states, Georgia has occasional extreme weather. The highest temperature ever recorded is 112 °F (44.4 °C),[33] while the lowest ever recorded is -17 °F (-27.2 °C).[34] Georgia is one of the leading states in incidents of tornadoes. The areas closest to the Florida border get the same small F0 and F1 tornadoes associated with summer afternoon thunderstorms. However, it is very uncommon for tornadoes to become severe (over F3). As it is on the Atlantic coast, Georgia is also vulnerable to hurricanes, although the Georgia coastline only rarely experiences a direct hurricane strike. More common are hurricanes which strike the Florida panhandle, weaken over land, and bring strong tropical storm winds and heavy rain to the Georgia interior, as well as hurricanes that come close to the Georgia coastline, brushing the coast on their recurvature on the way up to hit the Carolinas.

In 2006 and 2007, however, Georgia has had severe droughts, especially in 2007. Temperatures over 100 degrees have been recorded.

Political and human geography

[Map of Georgia with named counties] [Map of Georgia congressional districts as of the 110th Congress]

Georgia is made up of more than 500 cities[35] in 159 counties within 13 congressional districts. The map to the right shows the county boundaries for all 159 counties in Georgia.

149 of the 159 counties in the state are governed by a committee made of between three and eleven commissioners[36] while the other 10 counties are overseen by a single commissioner. All commissioners are elected by the voters of their county for terms that range between two and six years with most counties having terms lasting four years. Serving members wield both executive and legislative power in their county.

Most of the 536 cities in Georgia are governed by a mayor-council system. All municipalities in the state are considered cities. There are no lesser incorporations such as towns, villages, or boroughs. Most basic public services rendered outside of the cities are provided by the counties.

Natural resources

Agriculture and water

Georgia has almost eight million acres (32,000 km²) of prime farmland while over 60% of the land is made up of pine forests.[37] Due to the great number of forested areas in the state Georgia produces more lumber and pulpwood than any other state east of the Mississippi river; from these forests come 74.4 percent of the resins and turpentines (naval stores) produced in the United States, and over half of the world's supply.[38] Both the agricultural areas and the waters of Georgia have created a thriving environment for hunting, fishing and game.[39] The state of Georgia has much in the way of agricultural resources. Among these resources are potato.

Georgia has of streams and rivers, of lakes, and approximately of freshwater wetlands.[40]

Geological resources

The geological resources of Georgia include many types of minerals, manganese, iron ore, copper, coal, oil, clays, stone, kaolin, sand and gravel.[41]

[1] wetstates.html, Accessed October 4, 2007

[2] Georgia.org, Accessed October 7, 2007

[3] USGS.gov, Accessed May 25, 2007

[4] Each state's low temperature record _USA Today, last updated August 2006_

[5] The Government of Georgia , Accessed June 24, 2008

[6] State Flags Flowers Birds Symbols and Emblems State Quarters Geography and Maps Newspapers History and Economy for the 50 States, Accessed June 20, 2008

[7] The University of Georgia (UGA) Georgia Overview, Accessed June 20, 2008

[8] _Georgia Ecoregion Descriptions_, Accessed November 23, 2007

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13] A Tapestry of Time and Terrain: The Coastal Plain , Accessed November 25, 2007

[14] Kaolin, Accessed November 25, 2007

[15] Swezey, C.S., Fitzwater, B.A., Whittecar, G.R., Mahan, S.A., Garrity, C.P., Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., and Dobbs, K.M., 2016, “The Carolina Sandhills: Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States”: Quaternary Research, v. 86, p. 271-286; www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research

[16] New Georgia Encyclopedia: Geologic History of Georgia: Overview Accessed, May 22, 2007

[17] Georgia's Named Summits Accessed October 3, 2007

[18] Georgia Summits Above 4,000 Feet Accessed October 3, 2007

[19] Stone Mountain georgia.gov , Accessed June 23, 2008

[20] Carl Vinson Institute of Government Chattahoochee River, Accessed September 27, 2007

[21] The Natural History of the Chattahoochee River, Accessed June 24, 2008

[22] Dawson County Outdoor Recreation , Accessed June 23, 2008

[23] Lake Oconee Georgia “Great Waters”, Accessed June 23, 2008

[24] Lake Lanier, Accessed June 24, 2008

[25]

[26] Cumberland Island, Accessed November 25, 2007

[27] St. Simon's Island, Accessed November 25, 2007

[28] Ossabaw Island Accessed, November 25, 2007

[29] Sapelo Island, Accessed November 25, 2007

[30] Jekyll Island, Accessed November 25, 2007

[31] Monthly Averages for Macon, GA _The Weather Channel_.

[32] Monthly Averages for Clayton, GA _The Weather Channel_.

[33] Each state's high temperature record _USA Today, last updated August 2006_.

[34]

[35] Government and Laws of Georgia: Overview Accessed November 25, 2007

[36]

[37] _Georgia's Natural Resources_, Accessed November 26, 2007

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

title: Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)

question: Summarize the State of Georgia's general geography.

answer:
Georgia has six geographical regions - the Appalachian Plateau region, the Ridge and Valley region, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain region. The Coastal Plain region remains the largest region and includes the Atlantic Coastal plain and Gulf of Mexico Coastal plain.
The oldest rocks known in Georgia are from the Precambrian Proterozoic Era and are 1 to 1.34 billion years old.
The mountains region in Georgia is part of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Brasstown Bald is the highest mountain in Georgia at 4784 feet above sea level. Other mountains in the area include Rabun Bald, Arabia Mountain, Big Bald Mountain, Black Mountain, and Blood Mountain.

question: Explain why the majority of the cities in Georgia opted for the Mayoral-Council system.


text:
The MAFWE are one of the tribal peoples of the country of Namibia, and one of the 38 groups that comprise the Lozi people.[1]

Kings and leaders

Leaders since Kabende Sita carry the honorary title of Mamili.[2]

-   Sebitwane, Kololo King, ? - 1851
-   Sekeletu, Kololo King, 1851-1863
-   Mbololo, Kololo King, 1863-1864
-   Lewanika, Lozi King, 1864-1909
-   Moremi II, Tswana King, 1876 - 1890
-   Sekgoma Lethsolathebe, Tswana King, 1891-1906
-   Kabende Simata, Mamili, 1864-1914
-   Simata Lifasi, 1914-1931
-   Lifasi Simata Mamili, 1931-1944
-   Simata Simasiku Mamili, 1944-1971
-   Richard Muhinda, Mamili, 1971-1987
-   Boniface Bebi Mamili, 1987-1998
-   George Simasiku, Mamili 1999-

[1]

[2]

title: Mafwe

question: Who are the Mafwe?

answer: One of the tribal peoples of Namibia

question: How many groups comprise the Lozi people?

answer: 38 groups, including the Mafwe

question: How long have the Mafwe group been around?

answer: This information is not found in the article

question: What is Mamili title?

answer: Honorary title for leaders.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Mafwe are one of the tribal people of Namibia and make up one of the 38 groups that comprise the Lozi people.


text:
We continue our ‘Getting to Know the Keep Team’ series with an interview with Content and Community Manager, ELIZABETH.

[Jack Knutson]

Elizabeth joined Keep part-time at the beginning of 2018 as Community Manager and then we were lucky enough to get her full-time starting in June. She brings a bright and inquisitive personality to the team and community. Please enjoy this interview between Jack Knutson and Eliza Petrovska!

JACK: _Hi, Elizabeth! A warm welcome to the team full-time. Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and your background?_

ELIZABETH: Hello and thank you! Very happy to be with you guys!
I guess I have quite an eclectic background. I am half Russian and half Ukrainian, born and raised in Latvia, a small and very green country on the east coast of the Baltic sea.

I happened to be quite a curious person and find myself genuinely interested in nearly everything.After finishing high school, I had to choose between two subjects to study further: either Psychology or IT.

On one hand, I’ve always found peoples’ minds a very fascinating topic. I was quite a bit into existentialism at that time (I blame Russian Classics) and had an inclination for chatting about various deep subjects and exploring how people function. On the other hand, I was very interested in the cyber world and the whole progress of internet technology, which looked to me like something very promising.

To be honest, at that time I had far too much energy to spend all day sitting in front of the slow PC that I owned, so I chose psychology. While studying in the evenings, I also did some paperwork in a small firm, and a bit of blogging in Russian.

One day I received an invitation from my cousin, who lived in the south of Spain, to come over and help care for my little niece. In contrast with rainy Latvia it definitely seemed like a place to be. While there, I worked part-time at a small restaurant in Gibraltar to help me integrate into the culture better, make friends, and learn some Spanish (which is still my work in progress).

For me, this was a breath of fresh air. I believe sometimes people grow out of the life they lead, but continue to be held back by the expectations of others. I find it very energy-consuming to have to support an outdated image of myself. Breaking free felt fantastic and I figured it was worth re-living. So, after spending just under a year in the sun, I felt like trading the slow-paced “mañana” lifestyle for something more fast-paced.

I decided to move to London. While there, I helped run a hair salon, which we also turned into a cultural and social hub for the local community. Outside of main opening hours we used the space to the maximum. We held different events there like poetry evenings, music gigs, yoga classes, and art evenings. Meanwhile, I learned hairdressing and did some beauty services too. I also got to meet some cool people who had worked with The Beatles, Queen, Rolling Stones, and more. It was all a very positive experience and a good fun.

[Image for post]

(L-R ) Denni Godber, the hairdresser of Freddie Mercury, me and Piotr Rozanski, the “Love&Dye” salon owner
J: _Sounds like it! Can you tell us more of what you’ve been busy with?_

There is another thing I am exploring — biohacking and alternative medicine. Specifically-Indian holistic medicine called Ayurveda. This is an ongoing process of the last 10 years where I have self-studied, and also learned from teachers and mentors from different countries. Next year I will be a certified consultant and I hold a herbalist diploma. Meditations, yoga and QiGong are something I am exploring too, and recently I had intensive personal training in Odesa, Ukraine and been on a spiritual retreat in Rishikesh, India. So, quite a mix.

Overall, I strongly believe in successfully combining the best parts of both western and eastern medicine and practices, to find a perfect solution to staying healthy and content. I am exploring and searching to create the best combination. The idea of helping people has my heart.

At one point I felt inspired to create something. So I applied the knowledge I have and established a little candle/aromatherapy/cosmetic oils business. I created some very interesting products and found out I am a pretty decent perfumer. Starting a business from scratch was a new thing and I did it all myself — design, marketing, and creating the products. This was a very valuable experience for me.

J: _Are you still living in London?_

I absolutely love London, I have spent 6 years there and also have a citizenship now. But hey! How about some sunshine?

When I joined Keep full-time, I had the fantastic opportunity to move to Grand Cayman, Carribean island. I sold most of my things, closed my little business in London (for now!), and am now I’m here in this nice and sunny place, writing this surrounded by palm trees, chickens, and iguanas.

[Image for post]

J: _So you live on Cayman Island now! What is it like?_

E: It is great! Similar to Spain, but warmer winters, the environment is very relaxed and I am really enjoying it. I have finally learned to swim and have obtained a driving license here. I feel I have more time and this is a big advantage over London.

There is a huge problem here with plastic... More education on how to recycle is needed for the island, and I have contacted some organizations to get involved. They also do beach cleanings and I am planning to attend as well as to initiate brochure distributions to the locals. Oh by the way… Here is the petition, (if you don’t mind signing!)

J: _Sure!_ _What do you like to do in your spare time there?_

E: I try not to forget about my hobbies, but I am highly convinced there are just not enough hours in the day to do everything! My biggest passion is photography. Sometimes I write poetry or paint. My top three sports are cycling, Tai Chi, and yoga. I also tried skateboarding, but did not take it too seriously in order to stay in one piece. I also never miss a chance to get on an airplane for some new adventures and I believe traveling is beneficial for improving the way of one’s thinking.

J: _How did you get into crypto/blockchain?_

E: My friend, who is a Blockchain developer, introduced me to it last spring. At first I was skeptical that something like this could be widely accepted, but at the same time this looked like a real revolution and I was keen on finding out more.

Corruption and falsified voting campaigns are a big problem and I feel strongly that blockchain could potentially be the solution. Empowering individuals is a very intriguing idea. As I began digging into it, there was so much new information. For someone with a curious mind, it has been heaven. Since then, my life is full of researching and learning, with an endless number of tabs open in my browser every day.

J: _You are relatively new to cryptocurrencies and distributed ledger technology. Where do you get your information from?_

E: It is important to keep up with the times, as things evolve so quickly in this space. Trying to follow all the world crypto news can be overwhelming. I mostly use Twitter and Medium for staying up-to-date. When I feel like multitasking, YouTube also comes in handy. I also keep my eye on a couple of Russian websites. But normally I can count on learning of highlights from our daily team discussions.

J: _We have been getting to know the community recently what are some of the most surprising or interesting things you have found out about them?_

E: I am thrilled with the quality of people in the Keep community on Slack. The more conversations I hold the more pleasantly surprised I am at how informed people are about the space and the project. I have also had some interesting surprises like meeting a ballet teacher with a mining farm in a garage, or someone running a legal cannabis remedies business, or a Russian buddhist programmer. I get to talk to people from just about every background you could ever imagine. I also talk to a lot of developers interested in Blockchain possibilities who are craving to change the world. Everyone in our Slack is very supportive and friendly. It is inspiring to have a community so special and intelligent from all over the planet and be united with same idea.

J: _What gets you most excited about working with the Keep team?_

E: I feel so lucky I get to work on a part of something that is a turning point in technology.

Keep is building on top of something that already works and is being actively used, and I believe it will definitely take off successfully due to a high demand. Privacy just feels like a very natural idea and blockchain technology will most likely have a hard time gaining widespread adoption without this puzzle piece.

I am also grateful it gives me the opportunity to meet many bright minds, both in our team and Keep community.

Our team is remote-first, so that means I get to work with people who are distributed around the world. Remote working is a fantastic new experience. I really believe that it is time the world gradually switches to more of this. With the technology we have now people don’t really have to spend so many hours a week in the same premises without any choice to be flexible. It would make people and their families significantly happier. However, self-discipline is a crucial aspect to success here.

J: _There have been several use cases proposed for Keep. Are there any that get you most excited? If so, which?_

E: What excites me the most is that Keep has the potential to reshape so many industries that it is hard to pick just one. However, at the moment the financial system requires that we hand over our most personal information, and that is a pretty strange thing to be doing, if you think about it. I personally feel uncomfortable when, let’s say, applying for a credit card or trying to rent a place I am asked to show my bank statements. Keep will make it possible for you to control the information you share with others and hide the private details. I also find the ‘Dead Man Switch’ (DMS) a very cool and useful idea. It will make life so much easier and more organized. With DMS, smart contracts are automatically activated to expose instructions and transfer funds based on a set of rules. The fact that Keep will enable on-chain DMS is incredibly exciting.

The Keep project has countless potential applications and represents a key piece of the blockchain infrastructure. Have a look at the article I wrote on this subject.

J: _What’s next for you?_

E: Well, since computers are a bit faster now, I am considering giving IT a shot. It would be incredibly interesting and useful for me to grasp the technical aspect of the project better.

I am also thinking of developing more of an online presence, so I will probably make a blog or a video blog about my technical learning process. Possibly calling it “Solidity on the Beach” or something similar :) This whole space I am in excites me and our growth strategist Laura Wallendal has inspired me to try it out!

J: ANYTHING YOU’D LIKE TO ADD?

E: I believe we are all extremely lucky to witness something of this level of importance. I really hope blockchain will be used for good and we use this fantastic opportunity wisely.

Power to the people! :)

question: What possibilities does Elizabeth see for Blockchain technologies

answer: She believes that blockchain could empower individuals. She sees it as a solution to corruption and falsified voting campaigns. She has been talking to Blockchain developers who want to change the world.

question: According to Elizabeth what are the pros and cons of remote working

answer: Elizabeth likes the fact that she gets to work with people from across the world. People can use remote working to work flexibly from various places rather than going to the same premises every day. She believes that this will make people happier as long as they are disciplined.

question: Discuss the career choices that Elizabeth was faced with before moving to Spain.

answer: Elizabeth had to choose between psychology or IT. She found people's thinking fascinating. She was also interested in the growth of the internet. She says that her final choice came about because she had too much energy to sit in front of her slow PC all day.

question: What are the origins of Keep?


text:
ROBERT ABBOT (fl. 1420–1421) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1420 and May 1421 and bailiff of Melcombe Regis from September 1415 to 1416, from 1417 to 1419, and from 1421 to 1422.[1] He was a son of John Abbot, another MP, and two of his brothers, John and William, were also MPs.[2]

[1] ABBOT, Robert, of Melcombe Regis, Dorset., History of Parliament Online

[2] ABBOT, John, of Melcombe Regis, Dorset., History of Parliament Online

title: Robert Abbot (politician)

question: Who is the eldest among Robert Abbot and his two brothers?

answer: The article does not provide any information that can be used to reference the birthdates or relative ages of Robert, John, and William. However, it is possible that John is the eldest since their father is also named John.