text:
HISTORY OF THE TIMPANOGOS Nation

[Timpanogos]
  For thousands of years our people have occupied a vast area, stretching far across a great territory known as the Great Basin, there was no division and people were free to travel from village to village trading with each other and sharing what they had. Each village or family clan had their own headman, spiritual leader, and warriors. Several clans or family groups would band together for hunting or exploring as they chose and all were content with this way of life.

  Historically we Timpanogos Indians were what is known as hunter gatherers. The men spent their time hunting meat and insuring the safety of the people. The woman and children gathered nuts seeds and roots and made clothing out of hides, furs, and the soft lining of the sage brush. Our people are written by some as "sun worshippers" as we gathered early and rejoiced with song as the first morning light appeared. This was not a worship of the sun but a reverence of the new day giving thanks to the Creator above for he had blessed us once again with the morning light.

  The year was 1776 when the "big hats" entered the village. Fathers Dominguez and Escalante, were welcomed in and fed, places prepared for them to stay while the runners were sent to bring our leader Turunianchi to meet with them. Turunianchi was at a camp north of us meeting with the other headman of the large Nation which is known today as the Shoshone. He came at the morning light to speak with the "big hats", they smoked, they talked, the "big hats" spoke of their god, and, when they left, as is our custom he sent them with a gift. A painted deer hide depicting the headmen of the Nation, there were crosses painted on each to indicate we too believed in a higher power.

  We, as they, were people of prayer. It would be many years before we would once again be visited by a people wanting to share the concept of a higher power. We had met many people calling themselves trappers and traders, with them we would always barter, something our people knew as we had bartered and traded with each other as far back as can be spoken. These men came and went. Only a few would choose to stay and be part of the people. Our lives were untouched, the harmony and balance of being one with the earth remained intact.

  Traditionally, every year the people of all the clans of Shoshone would gather together for the annual fish festival generally held at Utah Lake. This was a time of celebration. Dancing, singing, trading, horse races, gambling and feasting. The young men and woman could find a mate at this time from one of the other clans as we were all part of one large nation.

  When the first trappers came into the area in the early 1800's they were generally welcomed. They learned our ways and some of them, like Jim Bridger, married into the people. The trappers brought with them metal traps much different than the basket traps our men used. They used these traps to harvest the beaver that were plentiful. The beaver in these times were much larger than they are today.

  This harvesting gave birth to the trade companies being established by men like Jim Bridger and William Ashley. This brought change to our people as cloth blankets and different types of foods and beads were introduced. James Reed, a Kentucky Fur Trapper is attributed as bringing the first coffee to the area, he remained in the area and married Wy-ve-dah. William H Ashleys original journal records near Browns hole several thousand Indians had wintered during the past season, many of the lodges remained as perfect as when occupied. They were made of poles two or three inches in diameter, set up in circular form, and covered with cedar bark." He further records that the country East and a considerable distance north of these lakes, including the headwaters of the Rio Colorado of the west and down the same to Mary's rivers was claimed by the Shoshone Indians. Jedediah Smith understood the area to be Snake Country, claimed by the Shoshone Indians. W.T. Hamilton spent approximately sixty Years on the Plains, Trapping, Trading and Indian Fighting, he records the Utah Indians as all speaking the Shoshone tongue. The Trappers and traders within the area all record whom they were dealing with and whose lands they were on.

  "The knowledge of our ancestors widens our horizons and gives us a broader view of life and its responsibilities. We remember that posterity may sit in judgment on us, and our times, and this thought should be an inspiration and incentive to higher and better things." - The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, vol. XI-1920

  In 1847, the first Mormon pioneers entered the Wasatch. They were different than the trappers, they began building fences and scattering our people. They had no interest in learning our ways but wanted to change our people or eliminate them. Our nation was scattered, Brigham Young was made governor of the territory and appointed himself as the first Indian Agent.

  When Brigham Young entered the area, he stated that the entire Wasatch was ruled by a "royal line" of brothers. These brothers are the Grandsons of Timpanogos headman Turunianchi and are recorded throughout the written histories of Utah territory. Walkara, one of the most famous was one of Brigham Young's greatest adversaries. He and his brother Arropeen were mostly recorded as riding side by side. Sowiette and Walkara are recorded as not seeing eye to eye when dealing with the issue of the Mormons. Sanpitch is found with Pocatello as they rode side by side on many occasions. Grospean (Grouse Pete) is pictured with the Lemhi, his picture hangs in the Ft. Hall Museum in Idaho. Ammon with the Paiute to the south. Chief Tabby being the youngest of the "royal line" led our people across the Wasatch to the Uinta Valley. These are some of the brothers as recorded in written histories, each one playing an important roll in Utah's history.

  Utahs history records the "Mormon Militia" as being formed to "rid" the land of the "worthless savages." The Timpanogos way of life and our peaceful existence would be forever changed.

  The following events took a once large powerful nation to remnant of its former self. From 1847 to 1865 the following atrocities occurred, Battle Creek Massacre, Ft. Utah, Goshen Valley Battle, Walkara War, Willow Creek, Gunnison Massacre, Allred Settlement, Tintic War, Mountain Meadows Massacre (Indians blamed), Bear River Massacre, Black Hawk War and many other atrocities that are not recorded. (See: The Black Hawk War: Utah's Forgotten Tragedy)

  With the once large powerful nation fractured into smaller fragments Brigham Young would record these fragments as separate Nations and attribute the dissemination as conflicts between warring Nations. Brigham Young sent out the order for the daughters of the Chiefs to be taken into their homes to protect the Mormon families from attack. Jim Bridger had married into our people. His fort was burned to the ground by orders of Brigham Young as it was thought the trappers were protecting the Indians and supplying them with guns. James Reed and Jim Bridger were on the hill above the site of the Mountain Meadow massacre and watched as "those dressed as Indians", massacred families. This fact has been passed down through the generations.

  Brigham Young, suggestion that the Uinta Valley be established as a reservation in 1851, only 4 years after his arrival to the Wasatch Valley, was ignored. Perhaps it was because he had said it was worthless lands only fit for "dogs and Indians" and "to hold the ends of the earth together."

  Johnston's army fared no better as when they arrived in 1852, Brigham Young orders Lot Smith to burn his wagons and take all their supplies, horses and equipage. United States President James Buchanan issued a Proclamation, in 1858 against the activities of Brigham Young and his followers for sedition.

  Ten Years after Brigham Youngs' request the Department of Interior through Caleb Smith would make the request again and on October 3, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln would establish the Uinta Valley Reservation with one simple line. "Let the Reservation be established as requested..."

  Fort Douglas was established in 1862 by the United States to watch over the area as reports of unrest were sent to Washington. Colonel Conner would be convinced by men like Porter Rockwell that the Indians were to blame. Bounties were placed on the heads of several Chiefs, Bear Hunter, Sagawich, and Sanpitch, were especially sought and the Massacre of Bear River would nearly eliminate an entire village. Bear Hunter was killed, Sagawich was wounded and Sanpitch escaped. Wy-ve-dah survived this massacre but was wounded, she would never walk right again. Not only would she carry this scar but the scar of watching her mother, sister, brother, and all people of the village die. Colonel Conner would report that the "Utah Indians", would no longer be a problem.

  May 5, 1864 Congress would ratify the Presidents order and establish the Uinta Valley for "exclusive use and occupancy of the Indians of Utah territory".

  With the Uinta Valley Indian Reservation put in place by Abraham Lincoln treaty negotiations became necessary and several treaties were signed within Utah Territory. A once large nation would now be legally divided by the laws of the United States. The "royal line of brothers", as Brigham Young called them, would sign the various treaties. Sanpitch, Walkara, Tabby, etc. Only a few of the Treaties would pass ratification by Congress. The Treaty of Spanish Fork, listing the Timpanogos, failed ratification. When learning Brigham Young was involved with the treaty negotiations they "declared rather than associate with Brigham Young on such an occasion they would have the negotiations fail; they would rather the Indians, than the Mormons would have the land."

  This Spanish Fork treaty is used by the Timpanogos Nation to show whom the treaty commission met with and identified as the "Indians" intended for the Uinta Valley Reservation. Source: Commissioner of Indian Affairs Annual Report, 1865.

  Our land is everything to us, I will tell you of the things we remember on our land. We remember that our Grandfathers paid for it-with their lives. - John wooden Legs, Cheyenne

  []

  Your donation will carry us into a brighter future for generations to come.

question: Summarize how Timpanogos Indians get their food.

answer: Timpanogos Indians depend on the land for their food. Men hunt animals for meat, while women gather seeds, nuts, and roots. They are basically hunter-gatherers.

question: Summarize what happened in 1776.

answer: Fathers Dominguez and Escalante, the "big hats," arrived in 1776. They are religious people who believe in God. The tribe welcomed them warmly, giving them food and a place to stay. The leader, Turunianchi, meets them and gives them a painted deer hide as a parting gift when they leave.

question: Summarize how the peaceful way of life of the Timpanogos is changed.

answer: It is the arrival of the Mormon that ruined the peace. The Mormons want to eliminate the Timpanogos, whom they call "worthless savages." A series of bloody conflicts between the Mormons and the natives happen in 1877-1865, resulting in the downfall of the Timpanogos.

question: Summarize the education system of the Timpanogos.


split: test

text:
Although the _YAKUZA_ series has been popular in Japan for quite some time, it wasn’t until the release of _YAKUZA 0_ that the thirteen year old franchise finally found a significant audience in the West. When the first entry in the series was initially released outside of Japan, it received an infamous dub that undermined its appeal, and made it difficult to make waves overseas. However, since _Yakuza 0_ was a prequel, it offered an excellent entry point into the series, and last year SEGA also released a full PS4 remake of the original game, _YAKUZA KIWAMI_. While _Kiwami_ failed to reach the storytelling highs of _0_, it offered more of the fun open-world shenanigans that the series is known for. _YAKUZA KIWAMI 2_, a remake of the final PS2 entry in the series is finally upon us, and it offers a fully realized reconstruction of the nearly twelve year old game that has revitalized its gameplay, while preserving _YAKUZA 2_‘s strong writing.

[]

For the uninitiated, the _Yakuza_ series are narrative focused action games set in small-scale open worlds. They tell the story of Kiryu Kazama, an ex-member of the Yakuza who finds himself in constant battles for and against the prominent Yakuza organization, the Tojo clan. The plots of these games are labyrinthine, filled with constant betrayals, twists, and revelations. They reaffirm and refute the notion of honor amongst these crime syndicates, painting tales of found-families, sacrifice, and insidious schemes. Their stories are usually quite grave in tone, but sometimes not, and always very, very Japanese. In addition to their sprawling central stories, they are set in lived-in depictions of Japanese city districts, filled with wacky side-content that works as a palette cleanser for the central plot.

_Yakuza Kiwami 2_ remakes the second entry in the series from the ground up in _YAKUZA 6_’s Dragon Engine. The result is a significant improvement in visual fidelity over the previous remake, adding greater detail to the familiar sights of Sotenbori and Kamurucho, as well as improving facial animation during the frequent cut-scenes. While the engine change has unfortunately led to a notable frame rate hit when compared to the other PS4 entries in the series, small details like the ability to seamlessly enter buildings, battles, and other areas without load times make a big difference.

[]

A more substantial result of the switch to the Dragon Engine is that the general feel of fights have changed. Combat is still based on stringing together sequences of light attacks into heavy finishers, using grabs to get through enemy blocks, and using sidesteps and blocks for defense. You still build meter through blocking and hitting your opponents, culminating in Heat Actions which can only be triggered in specific situations, but that result in occasionally hilarious canned animations that blow through enemy health bars. However, the change to the Dragon Engine has changed the nature of fights by putting more of emphasis on rag doll physics, which dramatically changes the effect of knocking down an enemy. In previous games the core combat loop consisted of knocking enemies down so that you could perform Heat Actions on them. While this was the quickest way to deal with enemies, it was also fairly monotonous, and despite the fact the _0_ and _Kiwami 1_ both had multiple fighting stances that you could switch between, most fights boiled down to doing the same simple sequences over and over again.

But in _Kiwami 2_, the changes to physics weaken this approach dramatically. Enemies can fly a reasonable distance after being pummeling with heavy knockdown attacks, meaning that a Heat Action follow up isn’t guaranteed. This forces players to deviate from this simple combo, which when combined with the improved upgrade system that exposes more moves, makes things feel more dynamic. Additionally, the Heat bar is far larger than in the past and there are far more Heat Actions, meaning that these powerful moves can be accessed more frequently and in more varied scenarios. Boss fights, which previously would frequently end up becoming irritating slogs, have been improved dramatically due to longer vulnerability sequences after enemy attacks, less aggressive attack patterns, and fewer moves that break through your blocks. Admittedly the beat’em up gameplay doesn’t rival the complexity of character-action titles like _BAYONETTA_ or _DMC_, as there are essentially only four core combos. This isn’t helped by the fact that there is also a dearth of enemy variety. However, the defensive mechanics like parrying feel tighter than in the past, and enemy attack patterns just feel generally fairer. Overall, the brawls are still dumb fun, the satisfying catharsis of landing a heavy attack on a group of thugs, sending them all careening backwards as their bravado crumbles remains an entertaining diversion from the lengthy story sequences. Additions like the ability to grab an opponent mid-combo, as you twirl them around like in _SUPER MARIO 64_, take full advantage of the more fluid engine by modeling your enemies flailing bodies. While my initial take on the combat system was that it felt sluggish, and not deterministic enough, the additional abilities gained through upgrades dramatically improved the complexity and responsiveness of the fights.

[]

The leveling system has seen a significant improvement over the convoluted tech trees of previous games, as you can just directly purchase the vast majority of upgrades. These upgrades include improvements to your core stats, new moves, new Heat Actions, and general improvements like increased sprint time, or quicker XP gain. The improvements in the upgrade system pairs well with the new hunger mechanics, creating an engaging feedback loop. By eating at restaurants you can dramatically increase your XP gain, but the amount of food you eat is limited by the hunger gauge. The gauge goes down naturally over time, but decreases more quickly when you get into fights, creating a good incentive to engage with the improved combat. While I would actively avoid random enemy encounters in the open-world in previous games, the improvements to Kiryu’s move set and the rewarding upgrade system incentive me to engage with combat more than I had in the past.

[]

Besides fighting random punks on the street, the world is filled with a plethora of side-stories, ranging from protecting an orphanage from an exploitative con-artist, to fighting grown men dressed up as babies. While their brevity somewhat limits their impact, the side stories are usually ridiculous, sometimes hilarious, and occasionally poignant. They are welcome diversions that help complement the mainline story progress, offering the series’ trademark quirkiness, in tandem with its underlying optimism. There are also some beefy sub-games present, offering up a small-scale management sim, and RTS respectively. Cabaret Manager from Yakuza 0 makes a return, tasking Kiryu with staffing and running a cabaret club. You have to manage the staff, recruit hostesses, cultivate their stats, and balance your nightly roster. Then when you open the club for the night, you must pair up hostesses with customers based on their preferences, respond to customers’ requests, and choose when to use your Fever Time bonus, a boost that increases profits for a short while. All of these options and interactions make for a satisfying and reasonably deep experience that even has its own completely separate side-plot, which lightly ties into the events of _Yakuza 0_. Alongside the Cabaret Manager, there is also the Majima Construction sub-game, a simplified RTS in which you command the forces of the fan-favorite character’s upstart construction business. While it’s relative simplicity and somewhat clunky console controls limit its appeal, it offers a palate cleanser from the beat-em up gameplay, and also has its own independent story. Between the sub-stories, fairly meaty sub-games, underground fight club, and abundance of mini games, there’s a substantial amount of side content that makes the districts of Sotenbori and Kamurocho feel like lively, specific places, a trait that many modern open-world games lack.

[]

However, the main attraction is certainly the operatic, overarching story. Kiwami 2 picks up a year after the previous game left off, with Kiryu having distanced himself from the Tojo clan. However, after a dramatic event stirs up tension between Tojo, and their Kansai based counterpart, the Omi Alliance, Kiryu decides to aid the clan in alleviating animosity. Simultaneously another sequence of events is set in motion, with the after effects of a Tojo clan purge against a Korean mafia organization, the Jingweon, unfurling in tandem. Like previous titles, the course of the narrative is rife with enthralling twists and turns, but is ultimately held together by its characters, musings on family, and its representation of the contradictory nature of the Yakuza. While the two main plot threads feel disparate at first, and some of the revelations feel initially unearned, these threads eventually weave together, offering mostly satisfying explanations for character motivations. While _Kiwami 1_ was ultimately hurt by problem’s with the original game’s script, including an abundance of narrative fetch quests that caused pacing issues, _Yakuza 2_’s story stands the test of time much better. It may not reach the immense highs of _Yakuza 0_, but that is a somewhat unfair comparison for any game.

The strength of Kiwami 2’s story largely extends from the additions to the cast. One of these new characters is Sayama, a driven Osakan cop who works with Kiryu to try to discover the identity of her parents. Additionally, the patriarchs of the Omi Alliance present a cadre of fresh villains, representing the different faces of organized crime both in caricature in a more granular fashion. Kiryu’s Kansai counterpart, Ryuji Goda stands as an interesting foil and reflection of our protagonist, another man who hinges his identity on his ability to fight, but who lacks the empathy that Kiryu exhibits. Similarly, the Jingweon mafia represents a darker reflection of the organization that Kiryu fights for, their philosophy more extreme, and their actions more grave. Its depiction of organized crime points out the Yakuza’s fundamental contradictions, an organization that makes money off of illegal dealings, but is supposedly bound by notions of honor and responsibility. While this dedication to honor clearly isn’t held by all members of the Tojo clan and Omi alliance, the range of motivations presented for members to serve in these crime syndicates is immense, including both those who abide by their organizations underlying ideals, and those that strive for personal power. Amidst all of this are the series’ signature musings on found-family, with Sayama’s quest to uncover her past earning a well-deserved lion share of screen time. While Kiryu feels motivated to protect his surrogate family, Sayama is driven to find out her origins, Ryuji is obsessed with surpassing his father, and the Jingweon seek to avenge the deaths of their compatriots. Ultimately, its main plot threads, themes of family, and musings about organized crime syndicates all meld into a satisfying conclusion that bookends all of these ideas in a climatic showdown.

[]

_Yakuza Kiwami 2_ is a significant improvement over its predecessor, levying the advantage of a stronger script with the boons of _Yakuza 6_’s  frame work. While its brawling mechanics are ultimately limited by their simplicity, leading to a lack of variation in the core gameplay loop, the world is full of charming side missions and fairly robust sub-games. Between the sights of Tokyo and Osaka, the specific cultural context of these criminal organizations, and other particularly Japanese institutions like host clubs, Yakuza Kiwami 2 continues the series’ penchant for offering a wonderfully bizarre and sincere glimpse into this incredibly specific world. At the end of the day, there’s really not much else out there like this series, and the gaming space is a more interesting place thanks to its existence.

RATING 9.2

question: What does the text say about Kiryu Kazama's connection to the Yakuza?

answer: Kiryu Kazama is a character in the Yakuza game series. In the game's narrative, Kiryu was an ex-member of the Tojo clan, a prominent Yakuza organization. However, some events that caused tension between the members of the Tojo clan and their Kansai-based counterpart Omi Alliance made Kiryu decide to help the Tojo clan alleviate animosity. There is a subgame in Yakuza Kiwami 2 where Kiryu Kazama is tasked by the cabaret manager to manage the club.

question: What does the text say about organized crimes?

answer: Yakuza is associated with organized crimes, and this is depicted in the gameplay of the Yakuza series. The members of the Yakuza are supposed to uphold honor and responsibility, but in reality, they commit organized crimes for power and money.

question: What does the text say about the drug dealings of the Yakuza?


text:
 September 2, 2018 12:11 pm

German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas said citizens must do more to tackle racism and the far right in the wake of a week of often violent protests in Chemnitz.

Mass told Bild am Sonntag that people must “get up off the sofa and speak up.”

“We must stand up to the right-wing extremists. We can’t duck away. We must show our faces against neo-Nazis and anti-Semites,” he said. “Only then will Germany’s reputation not be permanently marred by xenophobic crimes.”

He continued, “If the Hitler salute is shown on our streets today once again, it will be a disgrace to our country.”

On Saturday, thousands marched through Chemnitz, an eastern city that has been rocked by violent protests in the wake of the fatal stabbing of a 35-year-old German. The first protests, last Sunday, drew around 800 people, some of whom reportedly attacked police and people they thought were immigrants, shouting “We are the people” and “You’re not welcome here.”

Peter Altmaier, the economic affairs minister and Angela Merkel’s former chief of staff, told the BBC on Saturday, “I feel ashamed when I see this violence that was directed against innocent people, immigrant people, and this is absolutely not acceptable.”

More from ... Paul Dallison

question: What must German citizens oppose according to German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas?

answer: The far right and racism.

question: What happened in Chemnitz?

answer: Thousands marched in protest of the violent stabbing of a 35-year-old German.

question: Who were the protesters attacking?

answer: People they thought were immigrants.

question: What did Peter Altmaier, the economic affairs minister say on the BBC?

answer: That violence directed against innocent people is not acceptable.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article discusses the resurgence of racist violence against immigrants in Germany and the pressure from German government officials to oppose racism and the far-right in light of the country's dark past.


text:
_POPSTAR TÜRKIYE_ () was a Turkish music competition television series based on the international franchise Popstars. The show was hosted by Haldun Dormen and Gamze Özçelik on Kanal D. The judges were Armağan Çağlayan, Ercan Saatçi, Ahmet San, and Deniz Seki later replaced by Zerrin Özer.

The TV show was a big hit on Turkish television when it was aired.

The winner of the show was Abidin Özşahin, Firdevs Güneş got second place, and Bayhan Gürhan third place. The winner was going to be sent to the United States for a musical education. But one of the judges also proposed to send the runner-up to get the same education and offered to pay for the expenses.[1]

After Popstar Türkiye a spin-off was created named Türkstar which was broadcast on Show TV, and after that another spin-off was created named Popstar Alaturka which focused on Arabesque music. The television series also released a CD album with each contestant singing a song, and later also a Top 10 album with the best songs of each contestant.

Auditions

To attract contestants, the preliminary rounds were in August and the first half of September in 2003 promoted on TV and application forms were distributed in newspapers by Kanal D under the slogan “the popstar of the future”. The requirements to participate was to be at least 18 years old. A total of 3,000 people had applied to participate.

The auditions were held at:

-   2 September 2003 - İzmir Crowne Plaza
-   5 September 2003 - Antalya IC Airport
-   7 September 2003 - Adana Hilton Hotel
-   10 September 2003 - Malatya Altın Kayısı Hotel
-   12 September 2003 - Ankara Hilton Hotel
-   15 September 2003 - Samsun Büyük Samsun Hotel
-   17–18 September 2003 - İstanbul Sürmeli Hotel

Kanal D started to air the auditions on TV under the name of _Popstar Aranıyor_ () 4 October 2003.[2]

Controversy

During the elimination rounds quite a few controversial moments happened:[3]

-   4th week: It was revealed that Bayhan had a criminal record. And spend four years behind bars for murder.[4]
-   5th week: After Bayhan won the first place Deniz Seki started criticizing the voters. She thought that someone with such a criminal past shouldn't be able to become a popstar. The audience started booing her, so she left the show.

    That week shots were also fired on Ahmet San's jeep.[5]

-   6th week: Zerrin Özer replaced Deniz Seki as a judge. This week also a semi-nude picture of Barış posing for the Aktüel magazine was revealed which was heavily criticized by the judges.

Elimination chart

COLOUR KEY

  ---- ----------------------------------------------------------------
   –   Contestant received the most public votes
   –   Contestant received the fewest public votes and was eliminated
   –   No elimination happened this week
  ---- ----------------------------------------------------------------

+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| CO | 1s | 2n | 3r | 4t | 5t | 6t | 7t | 8t | 9t | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| NT | t  | d  | d  | h  | h  | h  | h  | h  | h  | th | th | th | th |
| ES | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We | We |
| TA | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek |
| NT | 16 | 23 | 30 | 7  | 14 | 21 | 28 | 4  | 10 | 17 | 24 | 31 | 7  |
|    | No | No | No | De | De | De | De | Ja | Ja | Ja | Ja | Ja | Fe |
|    | ve | ve | ve | ce | ce | ce | ce | nu | nu | nu | nu | nu | br |
|    | mb | mb | mb | mb | mb | mb | mb | ar | ar | ar | ar | ar | ua |
|    | er | er | er | er | er | er | er | y  | y  | y  | y  | y  | ry |
|    | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
|    | 03 | 03 | 03 | 03 | 03 | 03 | 03 | 04 | 04 | 04 | 04 | 04 | 04 |
+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+
| AB | 2N | 2N | 5T | 5T | 3R | 5T | 3R | 4T | 3R | 2N | 1S |    | WI |
| ID | D  | D  | H  | H  | D  | H  | D  | H  | D  | D  | T  |    | NN |
| IN | 14 | 13 | 11 | 7. | 9. | 12 | 14 | 16 | 20 | 26 | 42 |    | ER |
| ÖZ | .1 | .7 | .1 | 56 | 27 | .2 | .8 | .3 | .2 | .9 | .0 |    | 52 |
| ŞA | 4% | 5% | 6% | %  | %  | 4% | 1% | 4% | 8% | 0% | 1% |    | .8 |
| HI |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | 7% |
| N  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| FI | 12 | 11 | 6T | 9T | 5T | 3R | 5T | 5T | 4T | 1S | 2N | RU |
| RD | TH | TH | H  | H  | H  | D  | H  | H  | H  | T  | D  | NN |
| EV | 1. | 2. | 4. | 2. | 7. | 16 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 36 | 32 | ER |
| S  | 72 | 67 | 72 | 66 | 30 | .5 | .6 | .0 | .6 | .9 | .2 | -U |
| GÜ | %  | %  | %  | %  | %  | 2% | 9% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 3% | P  |
| NE |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | 47 |
| Ş  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | .1 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | 3% |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| BA | 4T | 3R | 2N | 2N | 1S | 4T | 4T | 3R | 1S | 3R | 3R | _E |
| YH | H  | D  | D  | D  | T( | H  | H  | D  | T  | D  | D  | li |
| AN | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 1) | 13 | 14 | 17 | 23 | 20 | 25 | mi |
| GÜ | .3 | .1 | .7 | .6 | 27 | .5 | .8 | .0 | .0 | .2 | .7 | na |
| RH | 9% | 7% | 9% | 3% | .3 | 1% | 1% | 0% | 4% | 6% | 6% | te |
| AN |    |    |    |    | 7% |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (1 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | 1t |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | h  |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| BA | 3R | 4T | 4T | 1S | 2N | 2N | 2N | 1S | 2N | 4T | _E |
| RI | D  | H  | H  | T  | D  | D  | D  | T  | D  | H  | li |
| Ş  | 12 | 9. | 11 | 35 | 23 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 15 | mi |
| KÖ | .4 | 30 | .3 | .6 | .2 | .3 | .1 | .5 | .3 | .9 | na |
| MÜ | 7% | %  | 1% | 5% | 7% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 6% | 3% | te |
| RC |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
| ÜO |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (1 |
| ĞL |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | 0t |
| U  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | h  |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| EL | 8T | 5T | 9T | 7T | 6T | 6T | 6T | 2N | 5T | _E |
| EN | H  | H  | H  | H  | H  | H  | H  | D  | H  | li |
| A  | 2. | 7. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 6. | 9. | 18 | 15 | mi |
| KR | 92 | 02 | 20 | 27 | 68 | 93 | 20 | .0 | .6 | na |
| YU | %  | %  | %  | %  | %  | %  | %  | 8% | 9% | te |
| CH |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
| KO |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (9 |
| VA |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| ES | 7T | 10 | 7T | 8T | 8T | 1S | 1S | 6T | _E |
| ER | H  | TH | H  | H  | H  | T  | T  | H  | li |
| BA | 3. | 2. | 4. | 3. | 6. | 23 | 21 | 14 | mi |
| YA | 06 | 89 | 66 | 56 | 30 | .5 | .3 | .0 | na |
| R  | %  | %  | %  | %  | %  | 3% | 0% | 6% | te |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (8 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| SE | 10 | 9T | 10 | 4T | 7T | 7T | 7T | _E |
| LÇ | TH | H  | TH | H  | H  | H  | H  | li |
| UK | 1. | 3. | 3. | 10 | 6. | 4. | 5. | mi |
| YA | 94 | 48 | 31 | .5 | 56 | 64 | 92 | na |
| PA | %  | %  | %  | 3% | %  | %  | %  | te |
| R  |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (7 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| SE | 1S | 1S | 1S | 3R | 4T | 8T | _E |
| RK | T  | T  | T  | D  | H  | H  | li |
| ÜL | 36 | 30 | 25 | 10 | 8. | 4. | mi |
| KA | .2 | .7 | .5 | .8 | 29 | 26 | na |
| N  | 1% | 9% | 4% | 1% | %  | %  | te |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | (6 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| AY | 5T | 6T | 3R | 6T | 9T | _E |
| DA | H  | H  | D  | H  | H  | li |
| N  | 8. | 6. | 11 | 5. | 4. | mi |
| KA | 43 | 50 | .3 | 83 | 96 | na |
| YA | %  | %  | 5% | %  | %  | te |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | (5 |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| AL | 9T | 8T | 8T | 10 | _E |
| PA | H  | H  | H  | TH | li |
| Y  | 2. | 3. | 4. | 2. | mi |
| KU | 80 | 58 | 66 | 50 | na |
| LA | %  | %  | %  | %  | te |
| Y  |    |    |    |    | d_ |
|    |    |    |    |    | (4 |
|    |    |    |    |    | th |
|    |    |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| EV | 6T | 7T | 11 | _E |
| RE | H  | H  | TH | li |
| N  | 4. | 5. | 3. | mi |
| ME | 07 | 27 | 30 | na |
| VL | %  | %  | %  | te |
| AN |    |    |    | d_ |
| AO |    |    |    | (3 |
| ĞL |    |    |    | rd |
| U  |    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| CE | 11 | 12 | _E |
| YD | TH | TH | li |
| A  | 1. | 2. | mi |
| MA | 72 | 58 | na |
| ZA | %  | %  | te |
| LT |    |    | d_ |
| O  |    |    | (2 |
|    |    |    | nd |
|    |    |    | we |
|    |    |    | ek |
|    |    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| MÜ | 13 | _E |
| GE | TH | li |
| ÖK | 0. | mi |
| TE | 83 | na |
| N  | %  | te |
|    |    | d_ |
|    |    | (1 |
|    |    | st |
|    |    | we |
|    |    | ek |
|    |    | )  |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

NOTE

-   ¹ Judge Deniz Seki criticized Bayhan over his criminal past when he won the first place, the crowd booed her which made her leave the TV show on the spot, not wanting to return as judge as long as Bayhan was still a contestant on the show. The next week she was replaced by Zerrin Özer.

Discography

-   _Popstar Türkiye - Various artists_ (December 2003)
-   _Popstar Top 10 En İyi Performans Şarkıları - Various artists_ (2004)

[1] Popstar Türkiye

[2]

[3]

[4] Popstar'ın favorisi Bayhan cinayetten hapis yatmış (English: Popstar's favorite contestant Bayhan was imprisoned for murder)

[5] Ahmet San'a silahlı saldırı... (English: Armed assault on Ahmet San...)

title: Popstar Türkiye

question: What franchise is Popstar Turkiye based on?

answer: It is based on the international franchise Popstars.

question: What significant event happened on the inaugural finals of the show?

answer: One of the judges proposed to send the runner-up to the United States for an expense-paid musical education (which is the same prize as the winner).

question: What happened with the CD album released by the show?

answer: It became one of the Top 10 albums on the Turkish musical charts.

question: What was one of the controversial events of the series?

answer: One of the contestants was found to have spent four years behind bars for murder.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Popstar Turkiye is a Turkish music competition television series. It is based on the international franchise Popstars. During the first season finals of the show, one of the judges offered to give the runner-up the same prize as the winner - an expense-paid music education in the United States.

One of the most controversial events of the shows was when it came to light that one of the contestants had a criminal record and had spent four years behind bars for murder. The said contestant remained on the show despite criticism from one of the judges.


text:
LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister Theresa May will launch another push next month to approve Britain’s exit from the European Union before the summer break, setting a new deadline for her Brexit plan and a potential timetable for her own departure.

Britain's Prime Minister Theresa May is seen outside Downing Street, as uncertainty over Brexit continues, in London, Britain May 15, 2019. REUTERS/Hannah Mckay

Nearly three years after the United Kingdom voted 52% to 48% to leave the EU, politicians still disagree about when, how or even if the divorce will take place.

Brexit had been due to take place on March 29, but May was unable to get her divorce deal ratified by parliament, which rejected the so-called Withdrawal Agreement three times, and now the date is set for Oct. 31.

In a change of tack, her spokesman said she was now planning to put forward a Withdrawal Agreement Bill, which implements the terms of Britain’s departure, in the week beginning June 3 to try to secure Brexit before lawmakers go on summer holiday.

“It is imperative we do so then if the UK is to leave the EU before the summer parliamentary recess,” the spokesman said after May met opposition Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn as part of talks to secure his party’s support for the bill.

“We will therefore be bringing forward the Withdrawal Agreement Bill in the week beginning the 3rd June,” he said, citing the same week as U.S. President Donald Trump’s state visit to Britain.

But Corbyn, whose negotiating team has been holding talks with government ministers for more than four weeks to find a way to break the deadlock in parliament, raised doubts over whether Labour could back the Withdrawal Bill.

“In particular he raised doubts over the credibility of government commitments, following statements by Conservative MPs (members of parliament) and cabinet ministers seeking to replace the prime minister,” his spokesman said.

By restarting the process to get parliamentary approval for a deal she agreed with the EU in November, May is also trying to signal to her own party that she will honour her promise to step down as leader when the agreement is passed.

May, who secured the Conservative Party leadership and the premiership in the chaos that followed Britain’s 2016 vote to leave the EU, is under pressure from some of her own lawmakers to set a date for her departure.

U.S. investment bank JP Morgan said on Tuesday it was difficult to see May surviving beyond the end of June.

DELAYS

As positions harden in parliament, with many wanting to either leave the EU without a deal or to stop Brexit altogether, May has turned to Labour, led by Corbyn, a veteran socialist, to negotiate a way to break the impasse.

Despite opposition from some in her party, senior ministers agreed at a cabinet meeting earlier to press ahead with the talks, May’s spokesman said.

“Ministers involved in the negotiations set out details of the compromises which the government was prepared to consider in order to consider an agreement which would allow the UK to leave the EU with a deal as soon as possible,” the spokesman said.

“However, it was agreed that it is imperative to bring forward the Withdrawal Agreement Bill in time for it to receive royal assent by the summer parliamentary recess.”

Parliament usually breaks for the summer in the second half of July, although the exact date has not been set.

But both May and Corbyn are under pressure from their own parties not to give too much away in the talks.

On Monday, Labour lawmakers demanded that Corbyn clarify his Brexit stance at a meeting with Labour lawmakers on Monday, with backers of a second Brexit referendum and others who want a deal to leave arguing their case, sources told Reuters.

May is under pressure not to give in to Corbyn’s demand to agree to a customs union with the EU after Brexit.

Thirteen of May’s former cabinet colleagues as well as Graham Brady, chairman of the 1922 Committee of Conservative lawmakers, wrote to May on Tuesday to ask her not to agree to Labour’s demand for a post-Brexit customs union with the EU.

“You would have lost the loyal middle of the Conservative Party, split our party and with likely nothing to show for it,” the letter said. “We urge you to think again.”

“No leader can bind his or her successor so the deal would likely be at best temporary, at worst illusory,” said the letter, whose signatories included Gavin Williamson, who was sacked as defence minister this month, and former Foreign Minister Boris Johnson.

Additional reporting by Kylie MacLellan and James Davey; Editing by Michael Holden, Mark Heinrich, Lisa Shumaker and Richard Chang

for-phone-onlyfor-tablet-portrait-upfor-tablet-landscape-upfor-desktop-upfor-wide-desktop-up

question: What are Conservative leaders most frightened of in the article?

answer: Theresa May, in order to get her Brexit deal passed, is contemplating striking a deal with Labour. The Conservatives are worried because Labour would demand a customs union with the EU. This would risk driving a wedge between the ranks of the party, as some members of the party wrote to May in an open letter.

question: What is the state of Brexit at the time of the article?

answer: Three years after the UK voted 52% to 48% to leave, the politicians are unable to reach consensus as to what Brexit must look like. This has created a difficult situation for Theresa May, who must find a way to form a coalition in parliament.


text:
[07_12_18_TrumpBeer]

Donald Trump gives a press conference on the 9th tee at his Trump Turnberry Resort on June 24, 2016, in Ayr, Scotland. A Scottish beer company is making fun of Trump's physical features. Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images
A beer company that dubs itself "Scotland's Favourite pint" is inviting President Donald Trump to drink one of its "tiny cans for tiny hands," making fun of his physical features.

RELATED: PRESIDENT WILL AVOID 'BABY TRUMP' BLIMP, LONDON PROTESTS DURING U.K. VISIT

"Hey @realDonaldTrump There's been a bit of a heatwave in Scotland recently, so if you get thirsty while you're here..." Tennent's Lager tweeted on Thursday morning, ahead of Trump's visit to Scotland on Friday.

The tweet included an image of the new 330-milliliter can with an American flag out of focus in the background and a tiny hand reaching for the can from an oversized suit sleeve.

Trump has said his hand size is normal, but _The Hollywood Reporter_ in 2016 measured a bronze cast of his hand at the Madame Tussauds wax museum and found it to be 7.25 inches. The average American male's hand is 7.61 inches, meaning Trump's hand is in the 15th percentile mark, and smaller than 85 percent of men and one-third of women, according to the Ergonomics Center of North Carolina.

Tennent's Lager's stab at Trump's small hands is not surprising, given Scotland is not the American president's biggest fan. Trump, whose mother was born in the U.K. country, invested in the Trump Turnberry and the Menie estate golf courses long before becoming president, and many people are not happy about his presence.

Last December, Scottish Finance Secretary Derek Mackay stripped the luxury Trump Turnberry of a tax break, in order to provide a relief for the struggling businesses.

When Trump Turnberry banned the country's popular soft drink, Irn-Bru, for fear of future carpet stains, Scottish Twitter users considered it war.

Scottish residents residing near Trump's properties have complained about his business practices.

"We've had a taste of Trump for 11 years. I wouldn't trust him with anything," a local told _USA Today_ last summer, and claimed that Trump's workers harassed her and her husband because they refuse to sell their property to him. "We're going to fight him to the very end,"

Tennent's Lager shouldn't be shocked if Trump doesn't try the tiny beer. Trump doesn't drink alcohol.

"I had a brother Fred, great guy, best-looking guy, best personality, much better than mine, but he had a problem, he had a problem with alcohol, and he would tell me 'don't drink, don't drink,'" Trump said in a speech last October. "And to this day, I've never had a drink. And I've had no longing for it. And I have no interest in it."

question: What is the main topic of the post?

answer: The author of the article discusses Donald Trump's small hands and a Scottish beer company making fun of them.

question: What is the name of the beer company in the article?

answer: The company is Tennent's Lager.

question: Are Trump's hands tiny?

answer: The Hollywood Reporter measured a bronze cast of his hand at 7.25 inches (15th percentile). The average American male's hand is 7.61 inches.

question: Why are the people of Scotland not Trump's biggest fans?

answer: He invested in the Trump Turnberry and the Menie estate golf courses and the people aren't happy about his presence. He banned the country's popular soft drink, Irn-Bru, which enflamed the dislike.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The author of the article discusses Donald Trump's small hands and a Scottish beer company making fun of them. The company is Tennent's Lager.


text:
CHAPTER IV.

STUDENT LIFE.

THE summer semester was in full tide; consequently the most frequent figure in and about Heidelberg was the student. Most of the students were Germans, of course, but the representatives of foreign lands were very numerous. They hailed from every corner of the globe,—for instruction is cheap in Heidelberg, and so is living, too. The Anglo-American Club, composed of British and American students, had twenty-five members, and there was still much material left to draw from.

Nine-tenths of the Heidelberg students wore no badge or uniform; the other tenth wore caps of various colors, and belonged to social organizations called "corps." There were five corps, each with a color of its own; there were white caps, blue caps, and red, yellow, and green ones. The famous duel-fighting is confined to the "corps" boys. The "_kneip_" seems to be a specialty of theirs, too. Kneips are held, now and then, to celebrate great occasions,—like the election of a beer king, for instance. The solemnity is simple; the five corps assemble at night, and at a signal they all fall loading themselves with beer, out of pint-mugs, as fast as possible, and each man keeps his own count,—usually by laying aside a lucifer match for each mug he empties. The election is soon decided. When the candidates can hold no more, a count is instituted and the one who has drank the greatest number of pints is proclaimed king. I was told that the last beer king elected by the corps,—or by his own capabilities,—emptied his mug seventy-five times. No stomach

[A Tramp Abroad 0056h.jpg]

THE BEER KING.

could hold all that quantity at one time, of course,—but there are ways of frequently creating a vacuum, which those who have been much at sea will understand.

One sees so many students abroad at all hours, that he presently begins to wonder if they ever have any working hours. Some of them have, some of them haven't. Each can choose for himself whether he will work or play; for German university life is a very free life; it seems to have no restraints. The student does not live in the college buildings, but hires his own lodgings, in any locality he prefers, and he takes his meals when and where he pleases. He goes to bed when it suits him, and does not get up at all unless he wants to. He is not entered at the university for any particular length of time; so he is likely to change about. He passes no examination upon entering college. He merely pays a trifling fee of five or ten dollars, receives a card entitling him to the privileges of the university, and that is the end of it. He is now ready for business,—or play, as he shall prefer. If he elects to work, he finds a large list of lectures to choose from. He selects the subjects which he will study, and enters his name for these studies; but he can skip attendance.

The result of this system is, that lecture-courses upon specialties of an unusual nature are often delivered to very slim audiences, while those upon more practical and every-day matters of education are delivered to very large ones. I

[A Tramp Abroad 0057h.jpg]

THE LECTURER'S AUDIENCE.

heard of one case where, day after day, the lecturer's audience consisted of three students,—and always the same three. But one day two of them remained away. The lecturer began as usual,—

"Gentlemen,"—

"Gentlemen,"—then, without a smile, he corrected himself, saying,—

"Sir,"—

"Sir,"—and went on with his discourse.

It is said that the vast majority of the Heidelberg students are hard workers, and make the most of their opportunities; that they have no surplus means to spend in dissipation, and no time to spare for frolicking. One lecture follows right on the heels of another, with very little time for the student to get out of one hall and into the next; but the industrious

[A Tramp Abroad 0058h.jpg]

INDUSTRIOUS STUDENTS.

ones manage it by going on a trot. The professors assist them in the saving of their time by being promptly in their little boxed-up pulpits when the hours strike, and as promptly out again when the hour finishes. I entered an empty lecture room one day just before the clock struck. The place had simple, unpainted pine desks and benches for about 200 persons. About a minute before the clock struck, a hundred and fifty students swarmed in, rushed to their seats, immediately spread open their note-books and dipped their pens in the ink. When the clock began to strike, a burly professor entered, was received with a round of applause, moved swiftly down the center aisle, said "Gentlemen," and began to talk as he climbed his pulpit steps; and by the time he had arrived in his box and faced his audience, his lecture was well under way and all the pens were going. He had no notes, he talked with prodigious rapidity and energy for an hour,—then the students began to remind him in certain well understood ways that his time was up; he seized his hat, still talking, proceeded swiftly down his pulpit steps, got out the last word of his discourse as he struck the floor; everybody rose respectfully, and he swept rapidly, down the aisle and disappeared. An instant rush for some other lecture room followed, and in a minute I was alone with the empty benches once more.

Yes, without doubt, idle students are not the rule. Out of eight hundred in the town, I knew the faces of only about fifty; but these I saw everywhere, and daily.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [A Tramp Abroad 0059h.jpg]                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| IDLE STUDENT.                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

They walked about the streets and the wooded hills, they drove in cabs, they boated on the river, they sipped beer and coffee, afternoons, in the Schloss gardens. A good many of them wore the colored caps of the corps. They were finely and fashionably dressed, their manners were quite superb, and they led an easy, careless, comfortable life. If a dozen of them sat together, and a lady or a gentleman passed whom one of them knew and saluted, they all rose to their feet and took off their caps.

The members of a corps always received a fellow-member in this way, too; but they paid no attention to members of other corps; they did not seem to see them. This was not a discourtesy; it was only a part of the elaborate and rigid corps-etiquette.

There seems to be no chilly distance existing between the German students and the professor; but on the contrary, a companionable intercourse, the opposite of chilliness and reserve. When the professor enters a beer hall in the evening where students are gathered together, these rise up and take off their caps, and invite the old gentleman to sit with them and partake. He accepts, and the pleasant talk and the beer flow for an hour or two, and by and by the professor, properly charged and comfortable, gives a cordial good night, while the students stand bowing and uncovered; and then he moves on his happy way homeward with all his vast cargo of learning afloat in his hold. Nobody finds fault or feels outraged; no harm has been done.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [A Tramp Abroad 0060 1h.jpg]                                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| COMPANIONABLE INTERCOURSE.                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

It seemed to be a part of corps-etiquette to keep a dog or so, too. I mean a corps-dog,—the common property of the organization, like the corps-steward or head servant; then there are other dogs, owned by individuals.

On a summer afternoon in the Castle gardens, I have seen six students march solemnly into the grounds, in single file, each carrying a bright Chinese parasol and leading a prodigious dog by a string. It was a very imposing spectacle. Sometimes there would be about as many dogs around the

[A Tramp Abroad 0060 2h.jpg]

AN IMPOSING SPECTACLE.

pavilion as students; and of all breeds and of all degrees of beauty and ugliness. These dogs had a rather dry time of it; for they were tied to the benches and had no amusement for an hour or two at a time except what they could get out of pawing at the gnats, or trying to sleep and not succeeding. However, they got a lump of sugar occasionally—they were fond of that.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [A Tramp Abroad 0061h.jpg]                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| AN ADVERTISMENT.                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

It seemed right and proper that students should indulge in dogs; but every body else had them, too,—old men and young ones, old women and nice young ladies. If there is one spectacle that is unpleasanter than another, it is that of an elegantly dressed young lady towing a dog by a string. It is said to be the sign and symbol of blighted love. It seems to me that some other way of advertising it might be devised, which would be just as conspicuous and yet not so trying to the proprieties.

It would be a mistake to suppose that the easy-going pleasure-seeking student carries an empty head. Just the contrary. He has spent nine years in the Gymnasium, under a system which allowed him no freedom, but vigorously compelled him to work like a slave. Consequently he has left the gymnasium with an education which is so extensive and complete, that the most a university can do for it is to perfect some of its profounder specialties. It is said that when a pupil leaves the gymnasium, he not only has a comprehensive education, but he _knows_ what he knows,—it is not befogged with uncertainty, it is burnt into him so that it will stay. For instance, he does not merely read and write Greek, but speaks it; the same with the Latin. Foreign youth steer clear of the gymnasium; its rules are too severe. They go to the university to put a mansard roof on their whole general education; but the German student already has his mansard roof, so he goes there to add a steeple in the nature of some specialty, such as a particular branch of law, or medicine, or philology—like international law, or diseases of the eye, or special study of the ancient Gothic tongues. So this German attends only the lectures which belong to the chosen branch, and drinks his beer and tows his dog around and has a general good time the rest of the day. He has been in rigid bondage so long that the large liberty of university life is just what he needs and likes and thoroughly appreciates; and as it cannot last forever, he makes the most of it while it does last, and so lays up a good rest against the day that must see him put on the chains once more and enter the slavery of official or professional life.

[A Tramp Abroad 0062h.jpg]

question: What does the story say about students in Heidelberg?

answer: Students attending university at Heidelberg as instruction and living is cheap. They live off the campus and in return, gain more freedom. Students living off campus typically go to sleep when they please, eat when they desire and wakes up at no particular time. Students seem to have no restraints, however most are hard workers and maximize their opportunities.


text:
[]

“Erdoğan’s Long Arm” was caught red handed in Belgium. The Belgian Police detected that the IP address, where threat messages were sent to Turkish journalists via some social media, belongs to the Turkish Embassy in Brussels.

The headline news of Het Laatste Nieuws (HLN,) one of the bestselling newspaper in Belgium, on Friday has reported that The IP addresses of the threat messages indicates the Turkish Embassy in Brussels. The prosecutor’s office carrying out the investigation also confirmed the information.

The Brussels’ Bureau Chief of the closed newspaper Zaman; Selçuk Gültaşlı and other correspondents were pointed as a target after the controversial coup attempt on July 15, 2016 by twitter users named ‘Veysel Filiz’ and ‘Selim Güzel.’ Veysel Filiz was the Press Consultant of the Turkish Embassy for that time.

Turkish journalist R. filed a criminal complaint about the Twitter accounts, which sent posts to be in scope of hate crimes. The investigation has been going on for one and a half year. The Belgian Police’s inquiry focused on the accounts named Selim Güzel (@selimguzel_FC) and Veysel Filiz, the Press Consultant of the Embassy.

According to the news of HLN, Zaventem Police informed R. a few weeks ago and said that they detected that one of the IP addresses who was threatening him belonged to the Turkish Embassy. R. took the record as an official report.

It is also stated that the prosecutor’s office had a difficult time as the investigation gained a diplomatic character. Therefore, the paper has reported that, the investigation has proceeded very slowly for the last few months because of its political and diplomatic sensitivity. The former press official of the Turkish Embassy was also in a diplomatic status.

Jeroen Bosaert, the journalist who signed the news report, called the Turkish Embassy and asked for information. He asked the Embassy officials if they knew anyone called Selim Güzel. But he received a reply that they didn’t know anyone with that name, and that person didn’t work for the embassy either.

Nevertheless, Bosaert kept on his search and revealed Selim Güzel’s previous posts on twitter as he was someone working for the Embassy. For instance, on July 27, 2016 he posted “We attended Europe Islamophobia Summit in Sarajevo. We were with Volkan Kocagül from our Ministry of the EU. The topic is dimensional, I will write about it.” And Volkan Kocagül was a high ranking diplomat at the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Journalist Bosaert has reported the contradiction in the Turkish Embassy’s statements, and he highlighted that the twitter user Selim Güzel was occasionally with Turkish ministers and diplomats.

R. filed his first complaint about the threats on social media on the next day of the controversial coup attempt on July 15, 2016. The reason was, Veysel Filiz @veysel_FILIZ tagged R. and posted “Do not rejoice so soon, we are marking your lairs.”

Journalist filed his second complaint in September 2016 for Selim Güzel. The reason for that was, Güzel mentioned R. and posted “the Belgium Media Hitman of FETÖ” the same tweet included a list of other Turkish journalists who were targeted, too. The investigation about Güzel’s social media posts was in process since then.

“FETÖ” is a pejorative acronym that Turkey’s political Islamist government has been using to defame the Gülen movement.

It was also stated in the report that R. was secretly taken in police protection for six months. Journalist told the Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF) that he had just learned this information, too. This information was in the investigation file. After his complaint, the Belgian police in disguise had taken security precautions around his house for six months. Local police had checked out around his house, too. He felt himself more secure then. “This is something good. It is a substantial feeling,” he said and added that he felt he was leaving in democratically and lawfully developed country.

R. has also talked about his complaints and stated that they were journalists in Brussels following the agenda of Belgium and Turkey’s EU relations. He said that “We were not related to and interested in the local events in Turkey. We were shaken when the Zaman daily in Turkey was seized. We lost our jobs. A few months later the coup attempt occurred. We began to be threatened here. Therefore, I customarily went to the police. I felt it as a security issue. Because, physical assaults had already started here.”

R. has also commented on the stage of the investigation process and stated that “The prosecutor’s office might have been incapacitated. Because the suspects have diplomatic immunity. Legal intervention to the Embassy may not be possible. They will wait and see how far the investigation could go.”

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[]

question: What does the article say about how to trace IP addresses?

question: What does the article say about Turkish Embassy activities in Belgium?

answer: Turkish journalists in Belgium are being targeted with threatening messages on social media. The Belgian Police detected that the IP address used to send the messages belongs to the Turkish Embassy in Brussels. The threats came from twitter users "Veysel Filiz" and "Selim Güzel". Filiz was the Press Consultant of the Turkish Embassy at the time, and Güzel worked for the Embassy in the past, a fact which Embassy staff denied despite evidence to the contrary.

question: What does the article say about Jeroen Bosaert?

answer: Bosaert was the journalist who signed the news report, called the Turkish Embassy, and asked for information. He was the one who asked the Embassy if they knew Selim Güzel. The Turkish Embassy told him they didn't know anyone with that name and Güzel didn't work for them. Bosaert continued to dig and found Güzel's old twitter posts proving that he worked for the Embassy.

question: What does the article say about Turkish journalist "R."?

answer: R. was the Turkish journalist who filed a criminal complaint against the Twitter accounts that posted content that falls within the scope of hate crimes. R. first filed his complaint about the threats on social media the day after the controversial coup attempt on July 15, 2016. R. worries that legal intervention will go nowhere because the suspects have diplomatic immunity.


text:
PAUL BILBO is an American Professional wrestler under the ring name Pretty Boy (P.B.) Smooth. He currently competes on the independent wrestling circuit for promotions including Absolute Intense Wrestling, Glory Pro (Saint Louis, MO), C4 Wrestling (Ottawa, ON), IWA- Mid South (Jeffersonville, IN) and Revenge Pro Wrestling (Erie, Pa). He has also been used as extra talent for WWE.[1]

Early life

Born in Hempstead, NY, he started at St. Dominic High School in Oyster Bay, NY, where he helped lead the Bayhawk team to a 52–24 record in his last three seasons.

Bilbo played Division 1 basketball at Hofstra University with former future Golden State Warriors 2011 second round draft pick, Charles Jenkins. Bilbo finished his collegiate career at Division 2 college, Mercyhurst College.[2]

Professional Wrestling

PB Smooth debuted in professional wrestling in March 2016 and trained for Pro Wrestling Rampage under head trainer, Aaron Draven. When the school closed, he trained under WWE's Johnny Gargano at the Absolute Intense Wrestling School. After several months of training, he debuted for Absolute Intense Wrestling on October 15, 2016 in a tag match with Gary “The King Baller” in a losing effort against the tag team, Weirdworld.

Smooth has become a mainstay at AIW and won several titles including an eight-month tag team title run with Hornswoggle, and a victory over Tracy Williams for the AIW Absolute Championship. In 2018, Smooth began training at Grapplers Anonymous in Buffalo, NY under Pepper Parks after Johhny Gargano's departure for WWE NXT. He recently won the Revenge Pro Heavyweight Championship against Wardlow All Elite Wrestling Superstar on Sept 21, 2019.

Personal life

PB Smooth is born in Hempstead, New York on October 15, 1991. He attended Mercyhurst University and received a bachelor's degree in communications and a master's degree in organizational leadership.[3]

PB Smooth is involved in the community and is currently working with Mercyhurst to offer in Fall 2020, the very first PB Provides Scholarship Fund to an African-American recipient who is interested in obtaining a communications degree at Mercyhurst University.[4]

Championships and Accomplishments

-   Bilbo has wrestled for Absolute Intense Wrestling and CWF Mid-Atlantic in North Carolina.[5]
-   October 2016: Debuted with Absolute Intense Wrestling.[6]
-   May 27, 2017: Won Absolute Intense Wrestling Future Cup.[7]
-   July 8, 2017: Won Pro Wrestling Rampage Tag Team Titles with Colby Redd.
-   Pro Wrestling Illustrated ranked him # 379 in their 29th Annual PWI 500.[8]
-   June 9, 2018: Debuted with MCW and won a 60-second victory vs. Lor Diaz.[9]
-   2019: Won AIW Absolute Championship.[10]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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[8]

[9]

[10]

title: PB Smooth

question: Who is PB Smooth?

answer: PB Sooth is an independent American Professional wrestler who competes in various circuits for promotions. He has appeared in Absolute Intense Wrestling, Glory Pro, C4 Wrestling, IWA Mid-South, Revenge Pro Wrestling, and is an extra talent for WWE. His real name is Paul Bilbo, of Hampstead, New York.

question: When did Paul Bilbo become a wrestler?

answer: Paul debuted in Pro Wrestling Rampage in March of 2016.

question: Describe PB Smooth's career.

answer: After his start at Pro Wrestling Rampage, PB would move on to Absolute Intense Wrestling on October in a tag match with Gary the King Baller where they lost against Weirdworld. He would later gain successive tag team victories alongside Hornswoggle and win over Tracy Williams for the AIW Absolute Championship. In September of 2019, he won the Revenge Pro Heavyweight Championship.

question: What is Paul Bilbo like outside of his wrestling persona?

answer: Paul is known to be active in his community and is working alongside Maryhurst on his "PB Provides Scholarship Fund".

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Paul Bilbo, better known as PB Smooth to wrestling fans, is working alongside Maryhurst University through his "PB Provides Scholarship Fund". PB Smooth is commonly associated with Absolute Intense Wrestling and in 2019, he won the Revenge Pro Heavyweight Championship.


text:
Champagne, chardonnay and second-rate vodka. The descent into Vanity Heights was a perfect contradiction. Darcy’s den was full of promises. The promises of allure, freedom, revelry. The promises of power and powder, regret, addiction. But the promise that Vanity Heights fulfilled best was not Darcy’s own. It was the promise flashed upon the television, upon the computer screen, canonised on the glossed pages of magazines. The expectations of how teenager life should be; the expectations, up until this night, crushed by education and responsibility. This was the promise that led Darcy’s guests down the stairs. Down the stairs into Vanity Heights.

The house had transformed into a delinquent ballroom. The girls dropped as low as their heels would allow; their men watched through the haze. Darcy was a dragon. A pink dragon, breathing about the toxic smoke of his habit. He was perched upon his barstool throne, positioned strategically in the centre of the room, when she arrived.
“Celeste!” he exclaimed, prancing over to her, a stick of addiction in one hand and a glass of hobby in the other. She gave a long hug, a short conversation and an expected question. With a customary smile, Darcy gave to her an expected bottle of answer.

The party raved on, yet the revelry was muted by the brick wall that barricaded Celeste from the action. The rhythmic dripping of the basin tap was the only music Celeste had, yet she chose to reapply her face instead of dancing. She wanted to dance, though, and she knew Darcy would be waiting for her, so she rushed through her routine. She clasped onto her 50mL glass friend, already thrice-used, even though she had been in the bathroom only five minutes.
        The drink was downed within seconds of being poured; the liquid sunk to her stomach. She could feel the warm tendrils, cooing words of friendship, branching through her chest, her stomach and finally, finally, back up to drown her mind; pulling her further from the world and closer to her weekend friends.
        Six doses later, to finish the bottle, and she was ready to join them.

No one ever really knew why she was there. Good school, great grades, aspirations of business and law. Nevertheless, she was soon jiving and twisting and dropping on the floor, with Darcy and other men: around them and in their laps; their hands hoping to get in hers.  Her beholder lay seemingly dormant in her stomach; though its dark tendrils were tightening, strengthening their grip on Celeste, controlling her like a puppet with tangled strings. She thought the overseer a friend, a protector, but her body knew better.

Celeste mapped her escape as soon as she felt it. Up the stairs, out of Vanity Heights, past the kitchen, into the garden bed just by the backdoor. She pushed through the crowd. Darcy saw her leave; he knew why, but he didn’t follow.  He never did. By the time she reached the stairs, the beast had revealed itself. A kraken, furious as red, limbs thrashing about inside of her, fighting desperately for an escape. Tentacles of fear, doubt, regret, disappointment.
‘No,’ she thought once more, ‘I shouldn’t be disappointed.’ She knew she wasn't wasting her life; she was just having a little to drink. She wasn’t reckless and irresponsible; she was just a normal teenager. She was just having fun, she has earned it, she would stop after tonight, leave her alone. Her stomach was having none of that, though. She made a mistake by trying to fly the stairs two at a time. Her feet tangled and she fell, the first wave of expel surging from her, onto the steps above.

Whilst the beast had once been considered friend, it had no more. It escaped her again, covering her hair, clothes, face. She tried to pull herself further up the stairs, but the sickly purple tentacles constricted about her and dragged her down; down, down, down, back into Vanity Heights.
‘Vile guardian’, she cried, ‘noxious saviour, foul beast, nefarious raper; first friend, now foe. Always, foe’.
The stench accompanying her disgrace engulfed her wholly, yet the contents of her stomach continued to emerge, again and again, onto the step where her head now resigned to lay.
‘Never again,’ she sobbed, she promised to herself, her parents, her schoolwork.
‘Never again,’ she promised, but Celeste’s promises were made to be broken and it was already too late. She lay shattered upon the stair case, empress turned peasant; her knight in glass armour had left her and once more she had nothing. The world around her spun, and sank, and faded to black.

title: Vanity Heights

question: What does the story say about what happened to Celeste after she passed out?

question: What does the story say about Darcy's parties?

answer: Darcy threw wicked parties for teenagers that offered champagne, chardonnay, second-rate vodka, drugs, and dancing at his house in Vanity Heights. The party promised freedom, allure, revelry, power, regret, and addiction - an escape from education and responsibility. The guests can do whatever they want, transforming the house into a delinquent ballroom. At his house party, Darcy was a dragon king.

question: What does the story say about Celeste?

answer: Celeste doesn't seem like the type of girl that goes to parties to drink, dance, and do drugs. No one at the party never really knew why she was there. Celeste went to a good school, had great grades, and had aspirations to study business and law. She needed to drink and get high just to join the others dancing. Celeste seems self-aware that she wasn't wasting her life. She keeps telling herself that she's just a normal teenager having a little fun drinking, and what she was doing wasn't reckless or irresponsible. Celeste makes empty promises that she will stop partying every time she gets too inebriated and passes out, but never fulfills them.

question: What does the story say about Celeste's relationship with the drugs and alcohol she took?

answer: The drugs and alcohol in Celeste's system are her friends at first, giving her the courage to go down and party with her friends. Soon the drugs control Celeste like a puppet and she knew what was going to happen. The beast revealed itself and wanted to escape, sowing fear, doubt, regret, and disappointment. The drugs in her system were now an enemy, Celeste vomited and the beast escaped from her again, covering her hair, clothes, and face with noxious puke.


text:
[_Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty?_ (1920) by George Howard Earle, Jr.] PRICE FIXING is an agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given level by controlling supply and demand.

The intent of price fixing may be to push the price of a product as high as possible, generally leading to profits for all sellers but may also have the goal to fix, peg, discount, or stabilize prices. The defining characteristic of price fixing is any agreement regarding price, whether expressed or implied.

Price fixing requires a conspiracy between sellers or buyers. The purpose is to coordinate pricing for mutual benefit of the traders. For example, manufacturers and retailers may conspire to sell at a common “retail” price; set a common minimum sales price, where sellers agree not to discount the sales price below the agreed-to minimum price; buy the product from a supplier at a specified maximum price; adhere to a price book or list price; engage in cooperative price advertising; standardize financial credit terms offered to purchasers; use uniform trade-in allowances; limit discounts; discontinue a free service or fix the price of one component of an overall service; adhere uniformly to previously-announced prices and terms of sale; establish uniform costs and markups; impose mandatory surcharges; purposefully reduce output or sales in order to charge higher prices; or purposefully share or pool markets, territories, or customers.

Price fixing is permitted in some markets but not others; where allowed, it is often known as _resale price maintenance_ or _retail price maintenance_.

It is worth noting that not all similar prices or price changes at the same time are price fixing. These situations are often normal market phenomena. For example, the price of agricultural products such as wheat basically do not differ too much, because such agricultural products have no characteristics and are essentially the same, and their price will only change slightly at the same time. If a natural disaster occurs, the price of all affected wheat will rise at the same time. And the increase in consumer demand may also cause the prices of products with limited supply to rise at the same time.[1]

In neo-classical economics, price fixing is inefficient. The anti-competitive agreement by producers to fix prices above the market price transfers some of the consumer surplus to those producers and also results in a deadweight loss.

International price fixing by private entities can be prosecuted under the antitrust laws of many countries. Examples of prosecuted international cartels are those that controlled the prices and output of lysine, citric acid, graphite electrodes, and bulk vitamins.[2]

Legal status

United States

In the United States, price fixing can be prosecuted as a criminal federal offense under Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.[3]

Criminal prosecutions must be handled by the U.S. Department of Justice, but the Federal Trade Commission also has jurisdiction for civil antitrust violations. Many state attorneys general also bring antitrust cases and have antitrust offices, such as Virginia, New York, and California. Further, where price fixing is used as an artifice to defraud a U.S. government agency into paying more than market value, the U.S. attorney may proceed under the False Claims Act.

Private individuals or organizations may file lawsuits for triple damages for antitrust violations and, depending on the law, recover attorneys fees and costs expended on prosecution of a case.[4][5][6] If the case at hand also violates the False Claims Act, in addition to the Sherman Act, private individuals may also bring a civil action in the name of the United States under the Qui Tam provision of The False Claims Act.

Under American law, exchanging prices among competitors can also violate the antitrust laws. That includes exchanging prices with the intent to fix prices or the exchange affecting the prices individual competitors set. Proof that competitors have shared prices can be used as part of the evidence of an illegal price fixing agreement.[7] Experts generally advise that competitors avoid even the appearance of agreeing on price.[8]

Since 1997, US courts have divided price fixing into two categories: vertical and horizontal maximum price fixing.[9] Vertical price fixing includes a manufacturer's attempt to control the price of its product at retail.[10] In State Oil Co. v. Khan,[11] the US Supreme Court held that vertical price fixing is no longer considered a _per se_ violation of the Sherman Act, but horizontal price fixing is still considered a breach of the Sherman Act. Also in 2008, the defendants of _United States v LG Display Co._, _United States v. Chunghwa Picture Tubes_, and _United States v. Sharp Corporation_, heard in the Northern District of California, agreed to pay a total sum of $585 million to settle their prosecutions for conspiring to fix prices of liquid crystal display panels. That was the second largest amount awarded under the Sherman Act in history.[12]

Canada

In Canada, it is an indictable criminal offence under Section 45 of the Competition Act. Bid rigging is considered a form of price fixing and is illegal in both the United States (s.1 Sherman Act) and Canada (s.47 Competition Act). In the United States, agreements to fix, raise, lower, stabilize, or otherwise set a price are illegal _per se_.[13] It does not matter if the price agreed upon is reasonable or for a good or altruistic cause or the agreement is unspoken and tacit. In the United States, price-fixing also includes agreements to hold prices the same, discount prices (even if based on financial need or income), set credit terms, agree on a price schedule or scale, adopt a common formula to figure prices, ban price advertising, or agree to adhere to prices that are announced.[14]

Although price fixing usually means sellers agreeing on price, it can also include agreements among buyers to fix the price at which they will buy products.

Australia

Price fixing is illegal in Australia under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, with considerably similar prohibitions to the US and Canadian prohibitions. The Act is administered and enforced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Section 48 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) explicitly states, “A corporation shall not engage in the practise of resale price maintenance.” A broader understanding of the statutory provision is in Section 96(3)of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), which broadly defines what can be resale price maintenance.

New Zealand

New Zealand law prohibits price fixing, among most other anti-competitive behaviours under the Commerce Act 1986. The act covers practices similar to that of US and Canadian law, and it is enforced by the Commerce Commission.[15][16]

European Union

Under the EU commission's leniency programme, whistleblowing firms that co-operate with the antitrust authority see their prospective penalties either wiped out or reduced.[17]

United Kingdom

British competition law prohibits almost any attempt to fix prices.[18]

The Net Book Agreement was a public agreement between UK booksellers from 1900 to 1991 to sell new books only at the recommended retail price to protect the revenues of smaller bookshops. The agreement collapsed in 1991, when the large book chain Dillons began discounting books, followed by rival Waterstones.[19][20]

However, price-fixing is still legal in the magazine and newspaper distribution industry, and sometimes in the motion picture industry.[21] Retailers who sell at below cover price are subject to withdrawal of supply. The Office of Fair Trading has given its approval to the _status quo_.

Exemptions

When the agreement to control price is sanctioned by a multilateral treaty or is entered by sovereign nations as opposed to individual firms, the cartel may be protected from lawsuits and criminal antitrust prosecution. That is why OPEC, the global petroleum cartel, has not been prosecuted or successfully sued under US antitrust law.

International airline tickets have their prices fixed by agreement with the IATA, a practice for which there is a specific exemption in antitrust law.[22]

Examples

Compact discs

Between 1995 and 2000 music companies were found to have used illegal marketing agreements such as minimum advertised pricing to artificially inflate prices of compact discs in order to end price wars by discounters such as Best Buy and Target in the early 1990s. It is estimated customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album. A settlement in 2002 included the music publishers and distributors; Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music, Universal Music as well as retailers Musicland, Trans World Entertainment and Tower Records. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups.

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)

In October 2005, the Korean company Samsung pleaded guilty to conspiring with other companies, including Infineon and Hynix Semiconductor, to fix the price of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips. Samsung was the third company to be charged in connection with the international cartel and was fined $300 million, the second largest antitrust penalty in US history.

In October 2004, four executives from Infineon, a German chip maker, received reduced sentences of 4 to 6 months in federal prison and $250,000 in fines after agreeing to aid the U.S. Department of Justice with their ongoing investigation of the conspiracy.

Capacitors

In March 2018, the European Commission fined eight firms, mostly Japanese companies, €254 million for operating an illegal price cartel for capacitors.[23] The two largest players were Nippon Chemi-Con which was fined €98 million and Hitachi Chemical which was fined €18 million.[24]

Perfume

In 2006, the government of France fined 13 perfume brands and three vendors for price collusion between 1997 and 2000. The brands include L'Oréal (€4.1 million), _Pacific Creation Perfumes_ (€90,000), Chanel, LVMH's Sephora (€9.4 million) and Hutchison Whampoa's _Marionnaud_ (€12.8 million).[25]

Liquid crystal display

In 2008 in the US, LG Display Co., Chunghwa Picture Tubes and Sharp Corp., agreed to plead guilty and pay $585 million in criminal fines[26][27] for conspiring to fix prices of liquid crystal display panels.

South Korea–based LG Display would pay $400 million, the second-highest criminal fine that the US Justice Department antitrust division has ever imposed. Chunghwa would pay $65 million for conspiring with LG Display and other unnamed companies and Sharp would pay $120 million, according to the department.[28]

In 2010, the EU fined LG Display €215 million for its part in the LCD price fixing scheme.[29] Other companies were fined for a combined total of €648.9 million, including Chimei Innolux, AU Optronics, Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd., and HannStar Display Corp..[30] LG Display said it is considering appealing the fine.[31]

Air cargo market

In late 2005/early 2006, Lufthansa and Virgin Atlantic came forward about their involvement in large price-fixing schemes for cargo and passenger surcharges in which 21 airlines were involved since 2000 (amongst which were British Airways, Korean Air, and Air France-KLM). U.S. Department of Justice fined the airlines a total of $1.7 billion, charged 19 executives with wrongdoing and four received prison terms.[32]

In December 2008, the New Zealand Commerce Commission filed legal proceedings against 13 airlines in the New Zealand High Court. According to the Commission, the carriers “colluded to raise the price of [freight] by imposing fuel charges for more than seven years”.[33] In 2013 Air New Zealand was the final airline of the 13 to settle.[34]

The Commission noted that it might involve up to 60 airlines.[35] In 2009 the Commission said overseas competition authorities were also investigating the air cargo market, including the US and Australia where fines had been imposed.[36]

Tuna

An attempt to fix the price of tuna resulted in a $25 million fine for Bumble Bee Foods in 2017 and a $100 million fine for StarKist in 2020. Christopher Lischewski, the former CEO of Bumble Bee, was sentenced to 40 months in jail and fined $100,000 for his 2010–2013 involvement.[37]

Coronavirus vaccine

During the COVID-19 pandemic, companies such as Pfizer and Moderna announced rates for their coronavirus vaccines that would differ based on deals established with various governments. Executive orders were enacted in the United States to lower prescription drug costs which was claimed by Pfizer's CEO to cause “enormous destruction” to the pharmaceutical industry.[38]

Signs of possible price fixing during bidding

It is more common to have price fixing trends during the bidding process, such as:

If the bid or quoted price is much higher than expected, the reason may be collusive to set the price or just overpriced, but it is legal in itself.

If all suppliers choose to increase prices at the same time, it is beyond the scope of input cost changes.

If the price of a new supplier is lower than the usual corporate bidding price, the reason may be that there is a collusion of bidding among existing companies.

If the price of a new supplier drops significantly after bidding, the reason may be that some suppliers have been colluding and the new supplier has forced them to compete.[39]

Impact of price fixing

When prices are determined between various companies, it may affect consumers' choices to a certain extent, and affect small businesses that rely on these suppliers.[40]

Taking freight as an example, many products are now transported by freight through various channels. If the freight price is artificially increased, it will have an impact on the entire supply chain. For example, it will cause the price of goods and services to increase, and it will also affect consumers' choices.[41]

Criticism on legislation

Economic liberals believe that price fixing is a voluntary and consensual activity between parties that should be free from government compulsion and government interference. At times price fixing ensures a stable market for both consumers and producers. Any short term benefit of increased price competition will force some producers out of the market and cause product shortages and prices for consumers to rise. In the end price-fixing legislation forces producers out of a market because it can't compete with the biggest discounter and the market winds up a monopoly anyway.[42]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Art Publishers Association, Bulletin: Be Careful About Antitrust Law (Feb. 2000)

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Tsui, Tat Chee, Interstate Comparison – Use of Contribution Margin in Determination of Price Fixing (2011). Pace Int’l Law Review Online Companion, Vol. 1, April 2011. at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839223

[10]

[11] State Oil Co. v. Khan, 522 U.S. 3 (1997).

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

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[27]

[28]

[29]

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[32]

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[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

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[42]

title: Price fixing

question: Explain some of the repercussions that results from price fixing.

answer: International price fixing by private entities can be prosecuted under local antitrust laws. In the U.S. it can be prosecuted as a criminal federal offense. Consequences of price fixing can affect consumers' choices and ultimately affect small businesses that rely on suppliers. Increased price competition even forces some producers out of the market which causes product shortages and consequently, consumer prices rise.


text:
Group B of the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup took place from 17 to 21 November 1991. The group consisted of Brazil, Japan, Sweden and the United States.
 Standings
 Matches
All times listed are local, CST (UTC+8).
 Japan vs Brazil

title: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B

question: When did group B of the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup take place?

answer: November 17-21 1991.

question: What does "group B" refer to?

answer: A group of teams.

question: Which teams were in group B?

answer: Brazil, Japan, Sweden, and the United States.

question: Which game is the first listed in this article?

answer: Japan vs Brazil.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Group B of the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup took place from November 17-21, 1991. The group consisted of Brazil, Japan, Sweden and the United States.


text:
I used to be a god.  It was a pretty shitty experience.

There is endless amounts of paperwork to fill out to accept vacant deity positions.  You need to have your birth/creation certificate , a valid drivers license, and proof of existence in at least 4 dimensions.

After years in limbo I finally was offered and accepted my position to be the Supreme God of the creatures living under the Ice shell of Europa.  They were fun, didn't talk back much, and for the most part just swam around looking for some tail.  However, on the first day of October in a year long past, all their fucks got fucked in the fuck hole.

**They began to question my existence.**

One wrote a book called the *"Anus Illusion"* and others began looking for deeper meaning within their own consciousness.  Most importantly they started ignoring all of the chain emails I was sending them.  I was pissed, I deleted all of them from my Facebook page.  They responded by converting the previous holy day into a day for arts and culture?

**Seriously?**

**Why do they need culture and depth of being when they had me?**

**I drilled...**

*...and drilled* ^...and ^drilled^^...and ^^^drilled

Their **anuses** until I had enough natural gas to inject into their precious home's core to make it volatile.  The water became polluted, the seas were unlivable.  Within one Jovian revolution all but 4 had perished.

Those 4 resilient creatures  packed up and left on, setting their sights on the Big Apple, New York City.

Long story short, I never pursued the after they left.  They had abandoned me as their creator and leader and I had a lot of shit to think about.  I gave them food, water, space shit, and regularly mined their assholes for resources.  They lost respect for me and left me in a state of denial and inescapable depression.

My mind has been bobbing quietly on the ripples of space time for centuries, with no contact from anyone god or otherwise.

**...**

Last week I received from mail via Western Union from my old followers.  They made it to New York and they started a television program humans of Earth watch called, "Saturday Night Live."  They told me that without my support and constant anal pressure , they would have never had the fortitude to achieve their goals.

I was proud...

I **am** proud...

**I just want to drill some anus for that silky smooth gas.**

**I had deprived myself of the one thing that truly made my life happy.**

I ^^want^^to^die...^forever...

title: I Was a God Once.

question: How did the narrator cease being a god?

answer: The creatures the narrator was Supreme God of started questioning their existence. In retaliation, the narrator made their planet inhospitable, killing all but four of the creatures.

question: What was the book Anus Illusion about?

answer: The subject of the book is not mentioned, but presumably it has something to do with questioning the Supreme God's existence.

question: What are the requirements for becoming a god?

answer: The narrator had to fill out an endless amount of paperwork. They also had to provide a birth/creation certificate, a valid drivers license, and proof of existence in at least four dimensions.

question: Why do the Europans leave their planet?

answer: Because the Supreme God makes it uninhabitable.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: After a lengthy application process, the narrator accepts the position as a Supreme God, ruling over creatures living beneath the Ice Shell of Europa. Eventually, the creatures begin to question the narrator's existence. The narrator retaliates by making their planet inhospitable. Only four of the Europans survive, and they travel to New York City where they start a show called Saturday Night Live.