text:
Cash for votes exposé

October 2010

[]

Reynald Temarii, president of the Oceania Football Confederation, is recorded telling Sunday Times reporters that two bids had offered "huge" payments for his support in the 2018 World Cup bidding process and that he had received offers of between $10-12 million (£7.5 million). Amos Adamu, a Fifa executive committee member from Nigeria, says he wants $800,000 (£500,000) to build four artificial football pitches, which contravenes Fifa's rules. Both men tell reporters they could facilitate access to the men who’ll decide where the tournaments will be held. Adamu and Temarii are provisionally suspended from all football-related activity pending the outcome of an investigation. Sunday Times also exposed the referees committee, Ahongalu Fusimalohi and former executive committee member Ismael Bhamjee.

Blatter promises investigation

October 2010

[]

Fifa president Sepp Blatter writes to all 24 executive committee members promising a full investigation into allegations. It emerges that the Spain-Portugal and Qatar bids could face expulsion from the contest for the 2018 and 2022 tournaments if the duo are found guilty of colluding. Spain-Portugal’s bid leader accuses England of doing a deal with the USA in breach of Fifa regulations.

Temarii and Adamu are banned

November 2010

[]

It is reported that the Spain-Portugal and Qatar World Cup bids could escape censure over the allegations of collusion, after Fifa executive committee member Chuck Blazer confirms that no hard evidence had been passed to its ethics committee. Adamu is suspended for three years and fined 10,000 Swiss francs (£6,341) while Temarii is banned for a year and fined 5,000 Swiss francs (£3,170). Panel concludes there is insufficient proof of collusion between the Spain/Portugal and Qatar bids.

Russia and Qatar win World Cup bids

December 2010

[]

English FA is humiliated as Russia is handed 2018 World Cup finals; Qatar gets the 2022 tournament. Roger Burden, acting chairman of the FA, stands down after relations between FA and Fifa descend into acrimony. Burden said he “wanted nothing more to do with them [Fifa]”. Swiss government prepares to investigate risk of corruption in sports bodies based in the country following Fifa’s controversial award of the two World Cup finals.

Telegraph reveals Qatar corruption

January 2011

Documents seen by Telegraph Sport reveal that Qatar offered to relocate the headquarters of the Asian Football Confederation to Doha.

Evidence emerges of Qatar and Spain-Portugal collusion

Blatter confirms that the Qatar and Spain-Portugal World Cup bids colluded to trade votes in the contest for the 2018 and 2022 finals.

FA and Fifa at loggerheads

May 2011

[]

Geoff Thompson endorses Sepp Blatter’s campaign to retain the Fifa presidency despite having been chairman of England’s failed World Cup bid. Telegraph Sport discloses that England football officials hired a “corporate investigations” company to investigate their rivals during the failed bid to host the 2018 World Cup. Six of Fifa’s executive committee are accused in Parliament of “improper and unethical behaviour” during World Cup bidding. Fifa demand the FA provide evidence to support allegations of corruption and “unethical” behaviour against six executive committee members. Blatter vows to complete the inquiry before presidential election. The FA reveal they will hold independent inquiry into Lord Triesman’s allegations of corruption against four Fifa executive committee members. The FA board agrees to abstain in the forthcoming Fifa presidential election because of doubts over the probity of both Blatter and his challenger Mohamed Bin Hammam. Qatar’s 2022 World Cup bid committee accuses Parliamentary committee of “insulting” behaviour as it launches attempted fight-back against allegations of corruption leveled against it. The FA call for the June 1 Fifa election to be postponed and for an independent review of the world governing body’s structures.

Blatter runs for re-election

March 2011

[]

Reports say the FA will support any challenger to Sepp Blatter in forthcoming Fifa presidential election. Fifa presidential challenger Mohamed Bin Hammam considers striking deal with Michel Platini that would see him step aside in favour of the Uefa president after just one four-year term if he is successful in his campaign to unseat Sepp Blatter. Blatter promises to hand out $1 billion (£610,000) in “development” funds to the 208 members associations that will decide his fate as president in the forthcoming Fifa election.

Bin Hammam and Warner are suspended

May 2011

[]

Fifa presidential candidate Mohamed Bin Hammam says Amadou Diallo, a Guinean national accused in Parliament of facilitating bribes on behalf of Qatar’s World Cup bid, is a close friend of his but not involved in any wrongdoing. Amadou Diallo, the man accused of facilitating bribes on behalf of Qatar’s successful 2022 World Cup bid worked for Fifa for at least six years as an advisor to Mohamed Bin Hammam, the governing body confirms. It then emerges that Bin Hammam and Jack Warner, a Fifa vice-president, are to face disciplinary action for allegedly offering bribes to members of the Caribbean Football Union in exchange for votes in forthcoming election. Fifa's ethics committee suspend the pair from all football-related activity pending the outcome of a full inquiry into bribery accusations. Fifa general secretary Jerome Valcke confirms that an email in which he made the sensational allegation that Qatar "bought" the 2022 World Cup is genuine after Warner, the recipient, reveals it to the press.

Qatar dismiss bribery claims

July 2011

The whistleblower in FIFA 2022 corruption claims, Phaedra Almajid retracts her claims. Hassan Al-Thawadi, the secretary-general of the Qatar 2022 Supreme Committee, dismisses bribery claims. He then outlines the nation's plans to construct air-conditioned stadiums.

Telegraph reveals FBI investigation

December 2011

The Daily Telegraph reports that the FBI are investigating alleged hacking into email accounts for England and America’s World Cup bids.

Fifa launches investigation into corruption practices

July 2012

[]

Fifa employ American attorney Michael J. Garcia to investigate allegations of corruption in world football. A month later, Garcia declares his intention to investigate the bidding process and decision to award the 2018 and 2022 World Cups to Russia and Qatar

Blatter insists Qatar World Cup will be held in the summer

March 2013

Blatter claims that Qatar will host the World Cup in the June-July summer slot as planned, amid growing speculation it will be moved to the winter.

Fifa begins to turn on itself

July 2013

[]

FIFA executive committee member Theo Zwanziger labels the decision to award Qatar the hosting rights of the 2022 Cup as a "blatant mistake."

Blatter’s admission

August 2013

Blatter confirms that that the FIFA executive committee will meet to decide on when the 2022 World Cup should be held, due to Qatar's hot climate. He admits that playing the World Cup in the summer there is "not rational and reasonable''. Blatter goes onto say that Fifa made “a mistake” when appointing Qatar as the host nation for the 2022 World Cup.

Fresh bribery allegations emerge

June 2014

Millions of new documents are made public by the Sunday Times, showing how bribes changed hands in order to secure Qatar the 2022 World Cup. Fifa claims it is taking the claims seriously.

Garcia report is blocked

September 2014

[]

Garcia delivers his 350-page report, but Hans-Joachim Eckert, the head of the adjudicatory arm of FIFA's ethics committee, declares that it will not be made public for legal reasons. Instead, Eckert reveals that he will produce a summary of the report ready for public consumption by November 2014.

Eckert releases his summary and Garcia resigns

November 2014

Eckert makes public the 42-page summary of his findings after reviewing the Garcia's report. The summary clears both Russia and Qatar of any wrongdoing during the bidding for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. Critics denounce Eckert’s summary as ‘a whitewash’, while Garcia denounces it as "materially incomplete" with "erroneous representations of the facts and conclusions". FIFA's Appeal Committee then dismiss Garcia's appeal against the Eckert summary. Garcia resigns a day later, before FIFA's executive committee agree to publish a "legally appropriate version" of the Garcia report.

Sponsors withdraw from Fifa

January 2015

[]

Following Sony and Emirates ending their sponsorship contracts with Fifa, Castrol, Continental and Johnson & Johnson withdraw as pressure mounts on Blatter to quit.

Blatter faces new challenger

January 2015

[]

Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein of Jordan announces he will run against Blatter in May Fifa presidential elections. Later in the month Greg Dyke announces that his bid has the FA’s support.

Telegraph reveals Warner was paid millions by Qatari firm

March 2015

[]

Documents show that the former Fifa vice-president and his family were paid millions by a company controlled by a former Qatari football official shortly after the country won its bid for the 2022 World Cup. Warner appears to have been personally paid $1.2 million (£720,000), while payments totalling almost $750,000 (£450,000) were made to Mr Warner’s sons. A further $400,000 (£240,000) was paid to one of his employees.

It’s a Winter World Cup

March 2015

[]

Fifa confirm the Qatar World Cup will be held in November and December 2022. Premier League clubs demand compensation for the disruption.

Figo quits Fifa presidential race

May 2015

[]

Former footballer Luis Figo withdraws from the race, due to Blatter’s "dictatorship". He also claims to have seen incidents that "should shame anyone who desires soccer to be free, clean and democratic".

Fifa officials arrested in US corruption investigation

May 2015

[]

Dawn raids see six Fifa executives arrested in Zurich, with 14 detained overall. The charges against those arrested include fraud, racketeering and money laundering and relate to World Cup bids as well as marketing and broadcast deals. Amongst those arrested are vice president of the executive committee Jeffrey Webb of the Cayman Islands, Uruguay's Eugenio Figueredo, who is also an executive committee vice president and until recently was the president of South America’s football association and the notorious Warner of Trinidad and Tobago, a former member of the executive committee who has been accused of numerous ethical violations.

Blatter wins election

May 2015

Fifa proceed with presidential election despite ongoing controversies and Blatter wins a fifth consecutive term.

Blatter 'resigns'

June 2015

Four days after being elected president Blatter seems to announce his resignation with an extraordinary congress scheduled “as soon as possible” to elect his successor. Later that month he insists he had not resigned, instead just putting himself and his office 'in the hands of the Fifa congress'.

Swiss begin criminal proceedings against Blatter

September 2015

Swiss prosecutors open criminal proceedings against Blatter regarding suspected criminal mismanagement or misappropriation over a TV rights deal he signed with former Caribbean football chief Jack Warner in 2005 as well as 'a disloyal payment' of two million Swiss Francs to Uefa president Michel Platini - his likely successor - in 20

Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini suspended by Fifa over £1.3m 'bribe'

October 2015

The three most powerful men in world football, all provisionally suspended for 90 days. Presidential candidate Chung Mong-joon was banned for six years.

question: Why was Temarii banned?

answer: Temarii was banned after he was recorded telling Sunday Times that two bids had offered him huge payments for his support in the 2018 World Cup bidding process. He was banned for a year and fined 5,000 Swiss francs.

question: Regarding what actions were Bin Hammam and Warner suspended?

answer: Bin Hammam and Jack Warner faced disciplinary action for allegedly offering bribes to members of the Caribbean Football Union in exchange for votes in the upcoming elections. They were then suspended from all football-related activities until the inquiry was over.

question: What is the major theme of the article?

answer: It may be implied that the article mainly describes various activities in football committees related to bribery.


split: test

text:
ADDISCOMBE is an area of south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon and the historic county of Surrey. It is located south of Charing Cross, and is situated north of Coombe and Selsdon, east of Croydon town centre, south of Woodside, and west of Shirley.

Etymology

Addiscombe as a place name is thought to be Anglo-Saxon in origin, meaning “Eadda or Æddi's estate”, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name, and the word _camp_, meaning an enclosed area in Old English. The same Anglo-Saxon land-owner may have given his name to Addington, around two miles to the south.[1][2]

History

First mentioned in the 13th century, Addiscombe formed part of Croydon Manor, and was known as enclosed land belonging to Eadda.[3] The area was a rural and heavily wooded area, remaining so until the late 19th century. Its main industries were farming and brick-making, clay deposits at Woodside providing the raw materials for the latter. During the Tudor period, Addiscombe was a large country estate a mile from Croydon owned by the Heron family. Sir Nicholas Heron, who died in 1586, is interred in Croydon Parish Church.

The estate passed through several owners until 1650 when it was sold to Sir Purbeck Temple, a member of the Privy Council in the time of Charles II. After the death of Sir Purbeck in 1695 and his wife Dame Sarah Temple in 1700, the estate passed to Dame Sarah's nephew, William Draper, who was married to the daughter of the famous diarist, John Evelyn.[4] When Draper died in 1718, he left his estate to his son of the same name and it then passed to his nephew, Charles Clark.[5]

In 1703, Addiscombe Place was built for William Draper to Sir John Vanbrugh's design.[6] Vanbrugh is best known for Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard and was a prime exponent of the English Baroque style. The house was built on a site which is now the corner of Outram Road and Mulberry Lane. It became known as one of three great houses in Addiscombe, the others being 'Ashburton House' and 'Stroud Green House'. It replaced the Elizabethan mansion built by Thomas Heron in 1516.

John Evelyn recorded in his _Diary_, “I went to Adscomb on 11 July 1703 to see my son-in-law’s new house. It has excellent brickwork and Portland stone features, that I pronounced it good solid architecture, and one of the very best gentlemen's houses in Surrey.” Distinguished guests who stayed at the mansion include George III, William Pitt the Elder and Peter the Great of Russia.[7] Peter the Great was reputed to have planted a cedar tree in Mulberry Lane to record his visit. During the 18th century Addiscombe Place was successively the home to The Lord Talbot, The Lord Grantham and lastly The Earl of Liverpool, who died there in 1808.[8]

Addiscombe Military Seminary

[Addiscombe Seminary, photographed in _c_.1859, with cadets in the foreground.] In 1809, Emelius Ratcliffe sold Addiscombe Place to the British East India Company for £15,500, whereupon it became a military academy known as the Addiscombe Military Seminary.[9] The company dealt in the importation of tea, coffee, silk, cotton, and spices, and maintained its own private army. The officers of this army were trained at Addiscombe before setting off for India. After the Indian Mutiny of 1857 the British Government took over control of British India and amalgamated the forces of the company with the Presidency armies. The military seminary was closed in 1861 and the remaining cadets transferred to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[10] In 1863, the seminary buildings were sold for £33,600 to developers who razed most of them to the ground. Five parallel roads were laid out on the site, to the south of the former college site – Outram, Havelock, Elgin, Clyde and Canning Roads. They were all named after individuals who were prominent in either the military or civil governance of British India namely; Sir James Outram, Bt, Sir Henry Havelock, The Earl of Elgin, The Lord Clyde and The Earl Canning. All that survives of the Seminary itself are two buildings called 'Ashleigh' and 'India', on the corner of Clyde Road and Addiscombe Road, and a former gymnasium on Havelock Road, now private apartments.[11]

Suburban growth

[St Mary Magdalene Church, Addiscombe.] With the advent of the railways in the 1830s, Cherry Orchard Road linking Addiscombe with Croydon ceased to be a quiet rural lane and railway workers' cottages sprang up, many with the still-visible date of 1838. However it was not until 1858 and the sale of the college, that significant urbanisation occurred.

There was formerly a small chapel attached to Addiscombe Military Seminary and to this, cadets paraded each morning and evening for a service conducted by the chaplain. On Sundays, cadets went down to the Parish Church in Croydon. By 1827, it became clear that Croydon Parish Church was too far away to minister to the college needs and St James' Parish Church was built and consecrated on 31 January 1829. The population of Addiscombe at this time was about 1,000. In 1870, the church of St Paul's (built by Edward Buckton Lamb) was opened and then rededicated in 1874 to St Mary Magdalene. The parish of Addiscombe was formed in 1879.

In the 1890s, the Ashburton Estate was gradually sold for redevelopment, and Ashburton House, which had previously hosted literary figures such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Thomas Carlyle and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was demolished in 1910.[12]

Modern Addiscombe

Much of the land remaining in the area after the initial Victorian-era had been infilled with smaller housing developments by the 1930s.[13] Addiscombe railway station closed in the late 1990s and was replaced by housing. Since early 2006 several parts of Addiscombe have been in the process of extensive regeneration, notably the addition of housing to the site of the former Black Horse Pub and the demolition of former Church Halls and a small garden centre in Bingham Road allowing a new Church Hall and community complex to be built and providing luxury retirement apartments on adjoining land.

The area contains a number of parks and green spaces, notably Ashburton Park and Addiscombe Recreation Ground. The main shopping area is situated along Lower Addiscombe Road, containing a variety of shops, restaurants and pubs.

Sport

-   Addiscombe Hockey Club, Field Hockey Club based in Addiscombe
-   Addiscombe Cricket Club est. 1866
-   Addiscombe Cycling Club est. 1929

Transport

[Tram on Addiscombe Road] The area is currently served by four Tramlink stations - Lebanon Road, Sandilands, Addiscombe and Blackhorse Lane. Sandilands was the site of a serious derailment in 2016 which resulted in seven deaths.[14][15]

Addiscombe railway station, located about circa 500 metres west of Addiscombe's main shopping parade, closed in 1997 following the withdrawal of services from Elmers End and was then demolished, being replaced by housing.[16] Part of the old track between Woodside and Addiscombe railway stations is now Addiscombe Railway Park and part, the former Station area, has been redeveloped for housing as East India Way. Bingham Road station also formerly served the area; it was located roughly where Addiscombe tram stop now is, before closing in 1983.[17] The former rail station featured in the opening scenes of the 1961 Tony Hancock film _The Rebel_.[18] The nearest train station is now East Croydon.

Notable people

-   Frederick George Creed (1871-1957), electrical engineer and an inventor of the teleprinter, who lived at 20 Outram Road where an English Heritage Blue Plaque commemorates him.[19]
-   R. F. Delderfield (1912–1972), writer & dramatist lived at 22 Ashburton Avenue, Addiscombe from 1918 to 1923 (commemorated with a plaque). His “Avenue” series is based on his life in Addiscombe & Shirley Park, and many of his works were adapted for television.[20]
-   Matthew Fisher, organist of Procol Harum, was born in Addiscombe.[21]
-   D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930), author, lived at 12 Colworth Road, Addiscombe from 1908 to 1912 whilst teaching at Davidson Road School; the house commemorates him with a plaque.[22]
-   Kate Moss, model, grew up in Addiscombe.[23]
-   Paul Nihill, Olympic medallist who won a silver medal at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics for the 50 km walk; Nihill Place is named for him.[24]
-   David Prowse (1 July 1935 - 28 November 2020) actor who played Darth Vader lived in Addiscombe.[25]
-   William Harris Rule (1802–1890), British Methodist missionary and writer, died in Addiscombe.[26]
-   Betty Westgate MBE (1919-2000, founder of Breast Cancer Care, lived at 1 Colworth Road (commemorated with a plaque).[27]

Gallery

File:Our Lady of the Annunciation Church, Addiscombe - geograph.org.uk - 1192517.jpg|Our Lady of the Annunciation Church, Bingham Road File:Addiscombe_shops.jpg%7CLower Addiscombe Road shopping parade, looking east from the tram stop File:Sandilands_crash_memorial.jpg%7CMemorial to the victims of the Sandilands tram crash File:Addiscombe_Farm_Cottage.jpg%7CA 17th century farm cottage on Addiscombe Road, listed at grade II[28] File:Ashleigh Addiscombe Road.JPG|Ashleigh House, one of the few remnants of the formerly extensive Military Seminary File:Oval Tavern, Croydon, CR0 (6924846420).jpg|The Oval Tavern pub, Oval Road

[1]

[2] Willey, Russ. _Chambers London Gazetteer_, p 4

[3] _The London Encyclopaedia_ (3rd Edition) By Christopher Hibbert Ben Weinreb, John and Julia Keay, page 5

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Addiscombe, its heroes and men of note; by Colonel H. M. Vibart... With an introduction by Lord Roberts of Kandahar.. (1894)

[8]

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[11]

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[28]

title: Addiscombe

question: What does the text say about eminent people who were involved with Addiscombe?

answer: The historic county was home to many aristocrats. Until 1586, it was owned by the Heron family. Sir Purbeck Temple bought Addiscombe in 1650. It passed first to his wife Dame Sarah Temple, then to her nephew William Draper, who was the famous diarist John Evelyn's son-in-law. After William Draper's son, his estate was transferred to his nephew, Charles Clark. Addiscombe Place, built in 1703 to replace the Elizabethan mansion, was home to Lord Talbot, Lord Grantham, and the Earl of Liverpool in the 17th century, who died in 1808. Addiscombe Place was sold to the British East India Company in 1809. In the 19th century, Addiscombe was home to some literary figures such as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Thomas Carlyle, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. There were further notable figures who lived there: the engineer and inventor Frederick George Creed, writer and dramatist R. F. Delderfield, D. H. Lawrance, Darth Vader actor David Prowse, and more.

question: What does the article say about Addiscombe during the Roman invasion?

question: What does the text say about the functions Addiscombe served over the course of centuries?

answer: Addiscombe is first referenced in the 13th century as part of Croydon Manor. It served as a home to many aristocratic families until 1809 when it was sold to the British East India Company. Then, it was known as Addiscombe Military Seminary, where officers were trained before they were sent to India. The military buildings were razed to the ground after the company's dissolution and the seminary's sale to developers. Smaller housing developments filled the area by the 1930s after a suburban growth spree started following the sale of the military college in 1858. Currently, the area serves residential purposes.


text:
DECEMBER 14, 2055. It’s finally happened. The years of the war against terrorism have escalated to a national crisis. Nuclear warfare has consumed the nation and mass hysteria floods the streets. Many have died and the casualties continue to rise. Those who are more fortunate have taken refuge in government provided fall-out shelters underground. There they will be protected from the poisonous air that now circulates freely above. All they can do now is wait and hope that someone, someday, will come to rescue them.

The cold isolation of the fall-out shelter is fairly close to home for sewer inspector, Dave Maher. His years of working in small spaces with almost nothing to light his path have strengthened hi eyes in the dark. Dave and three other civilians are lead into the fall out shelter’s main room by a member of the United States Public Crisis Unit. The group settles in the bunker, each finding their own corners to call home for the time being. The USPCU member ceils off the entrance to the bunker then makes his way into the main room.
“Everyone listen up! My name is Rick Neilson; I am a member of the USPCU. I have been ordered to bring you all to this divisions shelter. Any questions or concerns that you have may be addressed to me.”

A man in a fireman’s uniform steps in and speaks up, “Yeah, I’ve got a question. How long are we supposed to be down here?”
“That answer cannot be determined at this time, sir. We need to stay down here until the air is neutralized. That could be anywhere from a few weeks to a year,” said Rick, looking through his binder.

“A year?!,” blurted out a woman. “We’ll go mad!”

“Don’t worry, Ma’am. There are several passage ways that have been assembled to allow us as much mobility as we so desire. You won’t be confined to this space for the entirety of your stay.”

Dave, in the far corner of the room, smoothes out his sleeping bag and begins organizing his toiletries.

“Well since we’re gonna be together for a while, we might as well get to know one another,” says the fireman, making his way towards Dave.

“Tom O’Reilly, I’m a member of the Pearson Fire Department.”

Tom lowers his hand to Dave; they shake.

“Dave Maher, sewer inspector.”

Tom laughs, eying Dave’s array of personal items and luxuries.

“Damn son, you’re pretty tidy for crap sweeper.”

Dave chuckles at Tom’s remark, pretending to dust off his last item and placing it with the others. The woman approaches Tom and Dave, followed by her daughter.

“I’m Mary Baker and this is my daughter, Mindy.” They shake.
“So, where were all of you when the blast went off,” asks Tom.

“I was in my kitchen, washing dishes, I don’t remember much after that. Just waking up to sirens and smoke,” says Ms. Baker, her eyes staring blankly in deep thought.
“How ‘bout you, poop scoop?”

Dave itches his head, trying to remember.

“I can honestly say I don’t know, probably washing off my work boots, I guess.”
Tom laughs, patting Dave on the back. “Well I was just finishing wrapping up the fire hose when I got a call that two bombs had already hit the city. After that, well, it’s pretty blurry for me too.”

“Anybody got the time,” asks Dave, looking around for a clock.
Tom checks his wrist watch, shaking it a few times and putting it to his ear. Rick does the same and hears no ticking.

“Nope, looks like the blast killed the battery,” says Tom.
“Well I’m bushed,” says Ms. Baker, taking a seat in her corner.
As time passes, they all begin to settle in their new home and fall asleep.

DECEMBER 15, 2055; 12:03 AM. The group is suddenly awakened by a loud moaning sound heard from the end of the East passage. They all gather by the entrance of the passage and peer down its dark corridors.

“What the hell was that,” says Tom, squinting in the darkness.

“It sounds like a lion,” says Mindy.

“That ain’t no lion,” says Tom.

“Well, maybe they’re coming to let us out,” says Ms. Baker, full of hope.

Dave steps into the passageway looking around. He calls out for Rick, but there is no answer. Stepping forward, he hears a crack under his boot. He bends down and picks up a shattered watch. It’s Rick’s watch. Dave returns to the group.

“Look at this,” he says, holding out the watch. “I found it in the tunnel, but no Rick.”

“What are you saying? Something ate him up,” says Tom, with a humorous tone.

A second moan comes from the end of the tunnel, this time louder, taking everyone by surprise.

“What do you think it is,” says Tom.

“I have no idea. But whatever it is, we need to stay out of those passages.”

FEBRUARY 6, 2056. The sounds remain persistent. Dave and Tom are huddle in the far corner of the main room, watching the East passage in shifts. Mindy sits asleep, curled up under her mothers arm to keep warm. Every moment of silence seems to last a half a second until the moans break the peace. Tom bites his fist in anguish as he buries his ears in his arms.
“We ought to just kill it,” whimpered Tom. “We ought to just go cut it up!”
Dave stares down the passage, biting his lower lip. Slowly, he stands, wiping the beads of sweat from his forehead.

“We’ll do it then,” says Dave with a cold tremble in his throat. “Whatever that thing is, it needs to go. It’s him, or us.”

Tom looks up at Dave, then towards the passage. Dave takes a step, cautiously approaching the entrance to the passage. Soon joined by Tom, they both inch their way into the foreboding abyss. The moans start to grow louder as the two move farther down the tunnel. The darkness begins to engulf them and the sounds from the end of the passage are even more intense. One loud belt shakes the whole tunnel and causes Dave and Tom to cry out.
“We need to be quick,” says Tom, now beside Dave. “We won’t have a chance any otherwise.”
The two stop in the middle of the passage, listening to the tormenting groans at the end.
“On my count then,” says Dave, taking a deep breath.

“If this all goes to hell, I’ll see you in the next life, friend,” says Tom, putting his hand on Dave’s shoulder. The two nod to each other in honor, then turn to face their impending doom. Dave counts to three and they rush down the tunnel, screaming at the top of their lungs. The air whisps past their faces as they come closer and closer to the end. The moans gradually become roars and the men begin to regret their decision.

Running, running, running. The end seems to never come. Dave catches his foot on a protruding plank and falls to the ground. Tom proceeds down the passage, screaming like a lunatic. Silence suddenly consumes the tunnel. Dave lies still on the ground, trying not to make a noise. Then, a loud roar comes from the end of the tunnel, seemingly not far from him. Dave forces himself off the ground, rushing to help Tom.
“Tom! I’m coming! Don’t let it kill you!”

Dave finally reaches the end of the tunnel. There before him stands Tom, silent and calm.
“Tom, where is it? Did you kill it? Where is it?”

Then, a sudden wave of fear sweeps over Dave as he looks to the end of the tunnel. His throat tightens and it feels as though his body has lost all feeling. There, before the both of them, lays a heap of scrap metal and remains of oozing fluid. A large, round casing shifts slowly upon the layers of steel, letting out a bellowing moan as it moves into place. The casing is marked with a symbol that sends chills down the spines of the two men. BIO HAZZARD CONTAINS NUCLEAR MATERIAL, CAUTION.

Dave suddenly remembers where he was during the blast. He was right in the middle of it, right in the center where he was most prone to infection. They are infected, that’s why they are stuck in this hell. This isn’t for their protection, it’s their grave. From behind Dave, approaches Ms. Baker and Mindy. They look ahead and gaze at the sight of nuclear waste steaming before them. Dave takes a step forward, looking upwards. Above them, a hatch leading to the surface slowly closes shut. As the hatch closes, they can see the face of Rick behind the shield of a protective suit. As the darkness surrounds them, Mindy, grasping her mothers’ hand, looks up at her with helpless eyes, “How long do we have to be down here, mommy?”

THE END

title: [SF] A Bitter End

question: Describe the process of settling down for the residents of fall-out shelter.

answer: A member of the United States Public Crisis Unit (USPCU) introduced himself to the group to be housed in the shelter, away from the toxic nuclear air outside. A man in a fireman's uniform asked how long the group would be staying underground. The USPCU man said he does not know but there is adequate space for moving around. One of the men brought out his items and started organizing them in the far corner of the room. The fireman introduced himself to the group, commenting that if they are going to stay together then they might as well start getting to know one another. One after the other, the groups started introducing themselves.

question: What happened to Rick Neilson?


text:
President Trump[]Donald TrumpBiden and Harris named Time's 2020 'Person of the Year' US to sanction Turkey over Russian defense system: report Federal government executes Brandon Bernard despite last-minute appeals MORE on Monday said he would mobilize “all available federal resources, civilian and military” to clamp down on protests across the country, declaring himself the “president of law and order” as police aggressively dispersed protesters gathered outside the White House.

Trump said he was dispatching the military across Washington, D.C., and urged governors nationwide to “dominate” their streets with National Guard deployments. If they refused, he said, he would send troops to American cities.

“Mayors and governors must establish an overwhelming law enforcement presence until the violence has been quelled,” he said. “If a city or state refuses to take the actions that are necessary to defend the life and property of their residents, then I will deploy the U.S. military and quickly solve the problem for them.”

It was not immediately clear under what authority Trump could deploy U.S. troops to patrol states without governors requesting them. A senior Defense Department official said Trump had not enacted the Insurrection Act, which gives the president the power to deploy active military troops on U.S. soil. It was last used in 1992 to respond to riots following the acquittal of police officers accused of beating Rodney King.

Trump also said he was dispatching “thousands and thousands of heavily armed soldiers, military personnel and law enforcement officers to stop the rioting, looting, vandalism, assaults and the wanton destruction of property” in the nation’s capital.

The comments offered a stunning split screen to the strife that has engulfed the nation following the death of George Floyd. While Trump spoke in the Rose Garden, hundreds of people were gathered just outside Lafayette Park across the street from the White House to protest for a fourth consecutive night.

Several loud bangs echoed just before Trump took the podium as law enforcement fired tear gas into a crowd of peaceful protesters. Moments earlier, Attorney General William Barr[]Bill BarrBarr knew about federal probes into Hunter Biden's financial dealings in spring: WSJ Trump official subpoenaed by House panel for Census documents Cotton calls for special counsel to investigate Hunter Biden MORE was spotted reviewing the law enforcement setup at the park.

A citywide curfew instituted by D.C.’s Democratic mayor was set to go into effect at 7 p.m., and National Guard troops had assembled in the nation’s capital to back up law enforcement. New York City and other metropolitan areas had imposed similar curfews in an attempt to contain the unruly protests.

Trump said the D.C. curfew would be "strictly enforced."

Floyd, an unarmed black man, was killed in Minneapolis police custody one week ago after a white officer knelt on his neck. Video captured by onlookers spread across the internet, provoking massive outrage throughout the United States.

The president’s Rose Garden speech came after debate over whether he should deliver a formal address in light of the turmoil that has engulfed the nation.

But his prepared remarks only briefly touched on Floyd’s death — and did not cover the unrest over police brutality leading up to the protests. Instead, they committed to Trump’s insistence that “law and order” win out over unruly demonstrators.

“Americans were rightly sickened and revolted by the brutal death of George Floyd. My administration is fully committed that for George’s family justice will be served. He will not have died in vain,” Trump said. “But we cannot allow the righteous cries of peaceful protesters to be drowned out by an angry mob.”

He cited several examples in his speech of aggression toward law enforcement in recent days and vandalism of local businesses. He did not mention any instances of police advancing on protesters or injuries or deaths among activists.

Trump mentioned a fire set at the historic St. John’s Church close to the White House, calling that and other developments acts of “domestic terror.”

“I will fight to protect you. I am your president of law and order and an ally of all peaceful protesters,” he said. “But in recent days, our nation has been gripped by professional anarchists, violent mobs, arsonists, looters, criminals, rioters, antifa and others.”

“I want the organizers of this terror to be on notice that you will face severe criminal penalties and lengthy sentences in jail,” he continued.

Upon concluding his remarks, Trump walked to St. John’s Church to view the boarded-up building alongside a host of administration officials. He held up a Bible, posed for a photo and told reporters he would keep the country “nice and safe” before returning to the White House.

The remnants of tear gas fired a short time earlier to clear protesters still lingered in the air, with journalists on the scene reporting coughing as they observed the president’s visit.

Trump earlier Monday told governors on a conference call that they need to “dominate” the streets with National Guard troops and accused them of being “weak” in their initial handling of the demonstrations. His rhetoric prompted criticism from some Democratic governors who warned he was inflaming tensions and making the situation worse.

Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D), who told Trump on the call that he was “extraordinarily concerned” by his rhetoric, said on CNN following the Rose Garden address that Trump was unwilling to listen to those who wanted him to bring the temperature down.

“I think he just wants to create a tone in which it’s law and order versus people standing up for their rights, and he’d just as soon run over people’s rights,” Pritzker said.

The president’s Rose Garden remarks were his first on-camera comments since Saturday evening when he addressed Floyd’s death and subsequent protests at the beginning of remarks in Cape Canaveral, Fla., following a historic SpaceX launch. Trump called Floyd’s killing a “grave tragedy” while rebuking protesters causing destruction, blaming the violent demonstrations on antifa and “radical left-wing groups.”

Demonstrations around the country have grown increasingly tense in the last 48 hours, with police firing tear gas and rubber bullets into crowds and some protesters resorting to looting and vandalism.

Trump commented on the protests late last week and throughout the weekend as they developed in Minneapolis, where Floyd was killed, and spread across the country. The president has earned criticism for some of his rhetoric, with some Republicans characterizing the tweets as unhelpful.

Trump tweeted early Friday that protesters in Minneapolis were “thugs” and warned that “when the looting starts, the shooting starts” — repeating a phrase used by a white Miami police chief in the civil rights era regarding the aggressive policing of black neighborhoods. Trump insisted last week he was unaware of the origins of the phrase.

After protests broke out around the White House over the weekend, Trump warned that demonstrators would face “vicious dogs” and “ominous weapons” if they came too close to the complex.

_—Ellen Mitchell contributed. Last updated at 8:12 p.m._

question: What does the article say about acts of violence?

answer: The Insurrection Act was last used to respond to riots following the acquittal of the officers accused of beating Rodney King. Law enforcement fired tear gas into a crowd of peaceful protestors before Trump took the podium. George Floyd was killed in police custody after a white officer knelt on his neck. Trump called the fire set at the historic St. John's Church an act of domestic terror. Demonstrations have grown increasingly tense, with police firing tear gas and rubber bullets into crowds.

question: What does the article say about actions taken by the government in response to riots?

answer: Trump said he would dispatch the military across Washington, D.C. The Insurrection Act was last enacted in 1992 to respond to the Rodney King riots. Trump also said he would dispatch thousands of heavily armed soldiers, military personnel, and law enforcement officers to stop the rioting, looting, vandalism, assaults, and destruction of property. The mayor of D.C. instituted a citywide curfew and National Guard troops assembled to back up law enforcement.

question: What does the article say about the verdict received by George Floyd's killers?


text:
JANINE AUSTIN CLAYTON is an American ophthalmologist. She is the NIH associate director for research on women’s health and director of the Office of Women's Health. Clayton was previously the deputy clinical director of the National Eye Institute.

Early life and education

Clayton is a native of Washington, D.C. and attended Catholic school.[1][2] In 1984, she received an undergraduate degree in natural sciences with honors from Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University.[3] During her undergraduate studies, she took dance classes at Peabody Institute, volunteered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital neonatal unit, and worked for the psychology department. She was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.[4] Clayton earned a medical degree from Howard University College of Medicine. She completed a residency in ophthalmology at the VCU Medical Center. Clayton completed fellowship training in cornea and external disease at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital and in uveitis and ocular immunology at National Eye Institute (NEI).[5]

Career

Clayton was the deputy clinical director at NEI. She was appointed associate director for research on women’s health at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and director of the Office of Research on Women’s Health at NIH in 2012. Clayton has strengthened NIH support for research on diseases, disorders, and conditions that affect women. She is the architect of the NIH policy requiring scientists to consider sex as a biological variable across the research spectrum, a part of NIH’s initiative to enhance reproducibility, rigor, and transparency. As co-chair of the NIH Working Group on Women in Biomedical Careers with NIH Director Francis Collins, Clayton also leads NIH’s efforts to advance women in science careers.[6]

Research

A board-certified ophthalmologist, Clayton’s research interests include autoimmune ocular diseases and the role of sex and gender in health and disease. Clayton has a particular interest in ocular surface disease and discovered a novel form of disease associated with premature ovarian insufficiency that affects young women, setting the stage for her interest in rigorous, thoughtful exploration of the role of sex and gender in health and disease. She is the author of more than 80 scientific publications, journal articles, and book chapters. Her clinical research has ranged from randomized controlled trials of novel therapies for immune-mediated ocular diseases to studies on the development of digital imaging techniques for the anterior segment.[7]

Awards and honors

Clayton has received several awards and has been recognized as a leader by her peers. She received the Senior Achievement Award from the Board of Trustees of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in 2008, was selected as a 2010 Silver Fellow by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, and won the European Uveitis Patient Interest Association Clinical Uveitis Research Award in 2010. In 2015, she was awarded the American Medical Women’s Association Lila A. Wallis Women’s Health Award and the Wenger Award for Excellence in Public Service. Clayton was granted the Bernadine Healy Award for Visionary Leadership in Women’s Health in 2016. She was also selected as an honoree for the Woman’s Day Red Dress Awards and the American Medical Association’s Dr. Nathan Davis Awards for Outstanding Government Service in 2017.[8]

Personal life

Clayton and her husband, Robert Clayton met their sophomore year at Johns Hopkins University. They dated through the end of the junior years before parting ways. They resumed a long-distance relationship their first year of graduate school. Robert Clayton is a lawyer. He founded a family law firm in Los Angeles in 2000. They married on April 11, 2008 and reside in North Potomac, Maryland.[9]

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title: Janine Austin Clayton

question: What does the article say about Clayton's children?

question: What part of Clayton's education most affects her research?

answer: Her medical degree and residency in ophthalmology as well as fellowship training at the Wilmer Eye Institute. She's board-certified in her field and focuses on autoimmune ocular diseases. She's particularly interested in ocular surface diseases.


text:
_HOMELAND_ () is a 2019 Chinese military drama television series directed by Wang Xinjun and produced by Qin Hailu. It stars Wang Xinjun, Qin Hailu, Han Li, and Wang Wenqi. The series premiered on Beijing Television on November 6, 2019. The series focuses on the life of Wei Dahe, a commander of the Counter-Japanese Guerrillas, dies bravely to defend China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[1][2]

Cast

Main

-   Wang Xinjun as Wei Dahe
-   Qin Hailu as Jiang Yazhen
-   Han Li as Gao Xiaoshan
-   Wang Wenqi as Cui Gu

Supporting

-   Li Xuejian as Wei Xiluo, father of Wei Dahe.
-   Wei Qing as Mother
-   Zhang Jiayi as Jian Xiuzhang
-   Xin Baiqing as Fu Yang
-   You Yong as Commander Song
-   Liu Xiaoning as Commander Wei
-   Shen Junyi as Jiang Huaizhu
-   Wang Hui as Duan Dewu
-   Zhao Liang as Fan Chengzhang
-   Shi Zhaoqi as Division Commander Feng
-   Sang Mingsheng as Ye Xianzhi
-   Xu Leizhi as Xu Peizong
-   Sun Dachuan as Li Daqiao
-   Gao Xinsheng as Wang Sanxi
-   Jin Tiefeng as Japanese military officer.

Soundtrack

Production

Shooting began on September 9, 2018 in Yuci, Shanxi and ended on April 3, 2019.[3][4]

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title: Homeland (Chinese TV series)

question: On what channel did Homeland premiere on?

answer: It premiered on Beijing Television.

question: What and who does the series focus on?

answer: The series focuses on the life of Wei Dahe, a commander of the Counter-Japanese Guerrillas, who defends china during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

question: What was the budget for the series?

answer: Not answered

question: When did production begin and end?

answer: The show began shooting on September 9, 2018, and ended on April 3, 2019.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article gives a brief description of Homeland, a Chinese military drama television series released in 2019.


text:
[Daniel Caesar’s 'Freudian,' One Year Later: An Ode to the Little Things]

In the modern world, music has become a viable platform for artists to publicly demand—and hopefully enact—tangible social change. Powerful records like Childish Gambino’s “This Is America” and entire albums like Kendrick Lamar’s _To Pimp a Butterfly_ have been able to successfully shed light on—and stimulate crucial discussion about—some of today’s most pressing issues. The popularity of these works proves that there is a genuine hunger for this kind of introspection, too.

Yet, the beauty of music lies in its vast applicability. Sometimes, a project can serve as a simple reminder of everything that is right with the world, not just what needs fixing. Daniel Caesar’s 2017 opus, _Freudian_, is one such shining example.

Originally released last August, _Freudian_ is the Toronto singer's debut studio album, a journey into the intricacies of young love that channels inspiration from a number of genres, spanning R&B, hip-hop, gospel, and soul. Much like the influences that guide the project as a whole, the topics that Caesar explores are extensive and far-reaching.

On “Loose,” over simple acoustic instrumentation, he waxes poetic about his role in contributing to failed relationships:

  “You don’t love me anymore / Let’s see how you like this song / See you walking out that door / Wonder why it took so long”

In the haunting outro of “Hold Me Down,” he expresses his frustrations with the constant uncertainty of romance and the unavoidable push-and-pull at its core:

  “I never asked for much, only that you stay true / Need I remind you all the things I do for you?”

In spite of the commendable transparency of such admissions of confusion and guilt, the album gains its true power from the palpable optimism that surrounds them. On each and every track on the project, the 23-year-old singer-songwriter showcases an incredible ability to identify—and communicate his appreciation for—the positive elements in his life.

From confessing, “_I’m a mess, but I’m blessed to be stuck with you_” on “Blessed,” to insisting that “_it’s time to sit back and enjoy creation / See what Jah has done_” on the Syd-assisted “Take Me Away,” it’s abundantly clear that Caesar has mastered the ability to overlook the gloom in steadfast pursuit of something much more energizing and liberating.

Before writing for _DJBooth_, I self-published a personal reflection on Caesar’s “Blessed,” and how the one lyric I mentioned above allowed me to learn to finally accept my flaws. This discovery, in turn, gave me the conviction to embark on a journey of self-improvement, one ultimately bearing fruit that would have (just a year prior) seemed unimaginable. Yet, over these past 12 months, I’ve also realized that the scope of _Freudian_’s applicability shouldn’t just be limited to myself and my own growth. The themes of persistence, compassion, and genuine positivity that pervade the album can be of use on a much larger scale.

Now, seemingly more than ever, there appears to be a tendency for individuals to unite based on what they hate, rather than what they support or legitimately enjoy. Because we have begun to allow contempt to define us, it’s as if this issue now dictates almost every major political and cultural development, in our country and beyond. And while the complexity of the problem undoubtedly requires a sophisticated solution, one that necessitates action beyond merely listening to an album, learning to appreciate the little things—as Daniel Caesar does so well on _Freudian_—is a start.

For me and so many others, the themes of open-mindedness and hope at the very heart of the album have, since its release, proven downright infectious, and have thus made _Freudian_ worthy of, at the very least, high recommendation. Yet still, the recurring messages of optimism present throughout the project have the potential—and simply deserve—to reach an even greater audience in the future.

On the eponymous closing track “Freudian,” a 10-minute ballad, Caesar sings, _“Better believe it / I’m rising up from the flames / The Phoenix that I became_.” Despite everything and everyone trying to drag us down, we have the power to rise above it all, and _Freudian_ can be the soundtrack empowering us to do just that.

It’s an album about love, but it can also teach us how to love.

_For more sponsored hip-hop video content like this, subscribe to the ADM YouTube channel here._

question: In the narrator's eyes what are the themes of Daniel Caesar's "Freudian" album?

answer: Persistence, compassion, genuine positivity, open-mindedness, hope.

question: In the narrator's eyes, what is the album about?

answer: It is about love.

question: What album is the narrator reviewing?

answer: "Freudian" By Daniel Caesar.

question: Who is the author?

answer: Information not found.

question: When was the first time the narrator listened to the album?

answer: Information not found.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article is a review of the album "Freudian" by Daniel Caesar.


text:
   My footsteps echoed across the bare room. The white walls were lined with dirt and grime, leaving me to wonder how a room that lacked walls and windows, could become the dirty, eery looking room that stands before me. I turned my head to the right, and notice a single mirror leaning against the wall at such an angle that I could see my being staring back at me. My red hair was slightly frayed, with the area surrounding the brim of my forehead pointing towards the ceiling as it always does. My face, freckled but strong handsome, had a layer of dust on it as if I had been abandoned in an abandoned room for days. My blue and black flannel shirt drew itself across my torso, and was rolled up at the sleeves. The white undershirt lie matted against my skin, wet with sweat. My blue jeans looked as though I had been rolled around in the dirt for hours, as did my boots. I have always been physically fit, with naturally dense muscle, but I was always too lazy to work-out so I never had the body of Zeus, but still I was well-built.

   As I turned to look away from the mirror, it seemed as though my reflection continued to stare at me, un-phased and unchanged. My gaze returned to my reflection, which was following my every move once again. I must have been imagining it, I thought to myself as I turned to walk around the room.

   I approached the wall on my left and noticed something that I hadn't seen before. Dirty handprints lie sprawled against the wall, from the ceiling to the wood floors. Grimy footprints faced the wall, and as I crouched down to examine them, another footprint appeared, facing the opposite direction. Surprised, I fell back onto my rear as another print appeared about a stride's length from the other. I stood quickly and followed the footsteps as they traversed to the center of the room, then turned to face the mirror, momentarily resting before finishing its trek towards the reflective glass. When the footprints reached the mirror, I glanced up at my reflection, to try and determine exactly what had just happened.

   My eye caught a movement at the bottom of the mirror, the footprint had made another move. The heel of the print was stamped into the ground just before the mirror, but the other half... the other half continued into the mirror, as if it never existed. It travelled across the floor being reflected by the mirror. I almost wanted to attempt to go test to see if it was stable myself...

  "It's as real as you are." My voice entered my ears, but they did not exit through my lips, where could it be coming from... I looked up to see my reflection staring at me. His lips moved freely as he used my voice. "This world is filled with wonders. Even some you can't explain. Sometimes, you just need to take a leap of faith, and see what comes of it. After all, the brave don't live forever, but the cautious don't live at all."

   My hand reached out to touch the glass, but as my fingers touched the reflective surface, my hand passed through it, the reflection rippling as if it were a liquid. I took a step through into this mirrored world. I took a step into this new world, and walked across the identical room. I turned towards my reflection, but he wasn't there, not even in the world I came from. I felt the world begin to shake, and a deafening sound of laughter filled my ears. The violent quake caused me to topple over, and my body hit the ground...

My eyes bolted open to see three of my friends standing above me with a can of shaving creme in on of their hands. I felt the creme slide off my face. "Really guys?" was all I could say after that dream. "Ah come on, you know we love you," my bestfriend Michael said with a smirk. "Yea you better love me," I retorted as I wiped the shaving creme off of my face and threw it at him.

title: Opening to a story i thought up the other day. Open to criticism.

question: What does the text say about the qualities that make a good barber?

question: Describe the narrator.

answer: The narrator is male. He has red hair that slightly points up towards the ceiling. His face is freckled but strong and handsome. He is wearing a black flannel shirt rolled up at the sleeves, a white undershirt, blue jeans, and a pair of boots. He is well-built, has always been physically fit, and has naturally dense muscle despite being too lazy to work out.

question: What does the story say about the narrator's nightmare?

answer: The narrator is having a nightmare where he is trapped in a bare, white, eerie, and dirty room with no windows. For some reason, he is covered in dust, as if he'd been abandoned in a room for days. His skin was wet with sweat and his jeans and boots looked as though they'd been rolled around in the dirt. There is a single mirror leaning against the wall where the narrator can see his reflection staring back at him. His reflection doesn't move when he does but tells him to take a leap of faith and follow the phantom footsteps that disappeared behind the mirror. When he does, the narrator finds himself on the other side of the mirror, but his reflection is nowhere to be seen. He hears deafening laughter and a violent earthquake caused him to topple over.

question: What does the story say about the narrator's friends?

answer: The narrator's three friends were standing above him when he woke up from his nightmare. They had a can of shaving cream on their hands, which was used to cover his face while he was asleep. His best friend, Michael, smirked and said that they love the narrator. The narrator retaliates by wiping off the shaving cream from his face and throwing it at Michael.


text:
Two “naked” people spotted hunting armadillo. One “naked” family on a river-bank. About five other “naked” people - plus houses, settlements and crops - seen from small planes. Fresh footprints on a path, on a tree trunk, and along a Canadian oil company’s seismic lines. Noises in the night. Whistling and birdsong imitation. A loosed arrow. Fishing utensils, abandoned fires, and food stolen from inhabitants in the surrounding areas. . .

This is just some of the vital evidence currently being used to promote the establishment of two new reserves for indigenous peoples living in “isolation” that together could extend for more than 2.5 million hectares across one of the remotest parts of Peru’s Amazon, along the border with Brazil. If created, they could become the biggest indigenous reserves in the country.

The reserves, dubbed Yavari-Mirin and Yavari-Tapiche for short, were formally proposed 15 years ago in Peru’s vast Loreto region but have never been established. Yet a major advance has recently been made. In December 2017 a government Multi-Sector Commission voted to “recognise the existence of the indigenous peoples in isolation” in both the proposed reserves, and recommended that the Culture Ministry take the necessary administrative steps to ensure that a Supreme Decree law doing the same is promulgated.

The Commission’s decision was based on two studies by Peruvian NGO CEDIA, contracted by the Culture Ministry, which presides over the Commission. Both drew on extensive previous research about the people in “isolation” by indigenous federations and others, CEDIA’s own fieldwork - reportedly conducted following United Nations guidelines - and overflights.

Some testimonies go back more than 60 years, according to Commission reports seen by the Guardian. In the Yavari-Mirin study 39% are of direct sightings of the people in “isolation.” In the Yavari-Tapiche study 14% of the testimonies are of direct sightings.

The Yavari-Tapiche study also includes information provided anonymously by local inhabitants who in 2012 and 2013 were contracted as workers during seismic exploration in the proposed reserve, 81% of which is overlapped by an oil concession, Lot 135. This evidence mostly consists of bare footprints - it was photographed, geo-referenced, mapped and recorded in detail, and then passed to CEDIA. At the time, Lot 135 was run by Pacific Stratus Energy, a subsidiary of Canada-based company Pacific Rubiales Energy, which later changed its name to Pacific Exploration and Production and pulled out of the concession in 2017, before changing its name to Frontera Energy.

[One of the photos of the footprints found during seismic exploration in the proposed Yavari-Tapiche reserve. This photo and caption appears in CEDIA’s study done under contract to the Culture Ministry.]

One of the photos of the footprints found during seismic exploration in the proposed Yavari-Tapiche reserve. This photo and caption appears in CEDIA’s study done under contract to the Culture Ministry. Photograph: Anon
“It is known that there were a great number of incidents involving indigenous peoples in isolation and initial contact [during the seismic tests] that have remained confidential because of the implications this would have for exploration,” states CEDIA’s Yavari-Tapiche study.

Both reserves were initially proposed by ORAI, a now-defunct Loreto-based affiliate of national indigenous federation AIDESEP. AIDESEP, along with ORAI’s successor ORPIO, has played a leading role in fighting for the reserves and in 2016 took legal action against the Culture Ministry in an attempt to force it to take action.

AIDESEP’s Beatriz Huertas told the Guardian that the Commission’s decision had generated “great satisfaction.” She says indigenous peoples in “isolation” refuse sustained, direct contact with “outsiders” and are extremely vulnerable to the invasion of their territories because of their total reliance on the forest for their lives and livelihoods, and because of their lack of immunological defences which can decimate them if contact is made.

“Recognition of their existence binds the state to protect their fundamental rights,” Huertas says. “15 years had to pass for this to happen. During that time, AIDESEP and ORPIO had to make huge efforts, permanently updating the information about them, informing authorities, political lobbying, and even taking legal action at both national and international levels.”

CEDIA’s David Rivera, who participated in the fieldwork and presented the studies to the Commission, says that the evidence is “unquestionable” and proves a “continuous territorial occupation” over many years. He cites CEDIA’s own fieldwork together with previous research conducted by state entities, indigenous federations and other civil society organisations in Peru, as well as others in Brazil such as the NGO Centro de Trabalho Indigenista and the state’s National Indian Foundation (FUNAI).

“The fieldwork was difficult but it was made easier for us because we already know those areas and therefore the local population trusts us, especially in the Yavari-Tapiche case,” Rivera told the Guardian. “On the other hand, in Yavari-Mirin, whether because of the logging concessions, informal logging or interest in land-titling connected to the [proposed] highway between [the settlements of] Genaro Herrera and Angamos, people were more reticent to provide information. Despite this, the testimonies and evidence are extremely convincing.”

[Map showing the geo-referenced points where bare footprints were found during seismic exploration in the proposed Yavari-Tapiche reserve. This photo and caption is from the CEDIA study done under contract to the Culture Ministry.]

Map showing the geo-referenced points where footprints were found during seismic exploration in the proposed Yavari-Tapiche reserve. This map and caption appears in CEDIA’s study done under contract to the Culture Ministry. Photograph: Anon
Both the Commission’s decision and a Supreme Decree recognising the existence of the people in “isolation” are essential steps towards establishing the reserves, and must now be followed by a further study and another Supreme Decree, according to Peruvian law. Meanwhile, the Commission - like AIDESEP, ORPIO, CEDIA and others - is urging the Culture Ministry to take the necessary steps to protect the people in “isolation”, as is also required by law.

“[The Culture Ministry and Commission] must immediately continue with the process of establishing the reserves,” says AIDESEP’s Huertas. “At the same time, as the law stipulates, these areas must be effectively protected, even if the reserves haven’t yet been established. We’re talking about highly vulnerable people suffering from their territories being invaded.”

CEDIA’s Rivera feels similarly, arguing that the Commission’s recent decision provides the Culture Ministry with a stronger legal argument to protect the people in “isolation”, even if the reserves don’t yet exist. “The important thing in the first instance is to be able to start implementing all the necessary protection measures while the process to establish the reserves continues,” he says.

In a statement sent to the Guardian the Culture Ministry says it is preparing the relevant documents for a Supreme Decree recognising the existence of the people in “isolation”, and that it intends to send them to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers next week. It also says it has held high-level meetings with regional and provincial authorities involved in protecting their lands and rights, and has been coordinating with the regional government’s Indigenous Affairs Department about creating a “cross-sector space” regarding them. In addition, the Ministry says it has been providing information to - and doing capacity-building with - neighbouring indigenous communities about the people in “isolation.”

Both proposed reserves have been under immense pressure for many years. Yavari-Tapiche is overlapped by oil concessions Lot 135 and Lot 137, numerous logging concessions, and a new national park, Sierra del Divisor, which has led ORPIO to file a lawsuit in an attempt to force the Environment Ministry agency running the park, SERNANP, to rewrite the management plan so the territories of the people in “isolation” are protected. Yavari-Mirin is also threatened by logging concessions as well as other logging operations, drugs traffickers, and, immediately to its west, the proposed Genaro Herrera-Angamos highway.

[Map showing how the proposed Yavari-Mirin and Yavari-Tapiche reserves (boundaries marked in red) are overlapped by oil concessions Lot 135 and Lot 137 (boundaries marked in black) and “protected natural areas” (shaded light green) , among other things.]

Map showing how the proposed Yavari-Mirin and Yavari-Tapiche reserves (boundaries marked in red) are overlapped by oil concessions Lot 135 and Lot 137 (boundaries marked in black) and “protected natural areas” (shaded light green). Photograph: ORPIO
According to the official Act of the Commission’s meeting in December, the only two members which abstained from voting in favour of recognising the existence of the people in “isolation” were the Environment Ministry and Agriculture Ministry, the latter ultimately responsible for deciding which areas can be commercially logged.

“It was disappointing that they abstained,” AIDESEP’s Huertas told the Guardian. “It should be noted that these are precisely the same sectors responsible for promoting the forestry concessions and for creating and zoning the national park overlapping the proposed reserves.”

Based on CEDIA’s studies, the Commission reports state there are at least seven distinct indigenous peoples or groups in “isolation” across Yavari-Tapiche and Yavari-Mirin, in addition to “others whose ethnic identity it hasn’t been possible to identify.” The seven are Matsés, “remo” or Isconahua, Marubo, “flecheiros” or “tavakinas”, Matís, Korubo and Kulina-pano. It is acknowledged that some move across the border into Brazil, and all are believed to speak languages from the Pano linguistic family.

question: What was the Yavari-Tapiche study about?

answer: The study provides information anonymously by local inhabitants who were contracted as workers during seismic exploration in the proposed reserve.

question: What made the locals trust the fieldworkers?

answer: The fieldworkers were already acquainted with the area and that made the locals trust them.

question: What was the role of CEDIA in the whole study?

answer: The whole study began because of the fieldwork that CEDIA conducted. The commission came up with their decision based on two studies that the NGO had conducted.


text:
The 2010S was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 2010, and ended on December 31, 2019. For Bangladesh this decade was characterized by political stability from continued rule of Sheikh Hasina led Awami League Government. While the country made significant economic growth in this decade, rising threat from Islamist terrorism and Rohingya refugee problem marred the progress.

Politics and National life

[2013 Shahbag protests demanding the death penalty for the war criminals of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War] The decade began with Awami League government in power. The infamous BDR Mutiny has just been subdued and the trial of war crimes committed during Bangladesh Liberation War have begun. In 2010, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh reaffirmed secularism as a fundamental principle in the constitution. The war crimes tribunal mobilised public opinion in favour of secularism, which was manifested in the March 2013 Shahbag protests. In response, a huge Islamist mobilisation also took place led by the Hefazat-e-Islam group in May 2013.

The intense bickering between the League and BNP, often dubbed the Battle of the Begums, continued. The Hasina government abolished the provision of caretaker government in the constitution through the controversial Fifteenth Amendment.[1] The move was seen by the BNP as an attempt to corrupt the election process in favour of the League.

In 2013, the hard-line, right-wing, Islamic party, Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from registering and therefore contesting in elections by the High Court, citing their charter violates the constitution.[2][3] Street violence between the League, BNP and the Jamaat intensified in the run up to the general election. In 2014, the general elections were boycotted by the BNP. The elections were criticized by the United States, United Kingdom, European Union and the United Nations.[4] Sheikh Hasina was sworn in for a third tenure as prime minister.

In 2015 and 2016, Bangladesh saw increasing assassinations targeting minorities and secularists, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, Western and Asian expatriates, LGBT activists, Sufi Muslims, bloggers, publishers and atheists. The country's worst terrorist attack saw the death of 20 people after an upmarket restaurant was sieged by gunmen in July 2016.[5] The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant has claimed responsibility for many of the attacks, although the Hasina government insists local terror outfits are more likely to be responsible.[6] Since this attack, the Government took stricter measures against extremists as the security forces led a numerous raids on suspected militant hide-outs. The measures led to reduction in extremist attacks and fatalities.[7]

[ Sheikh Hasina during the Munich Security Conference 2019] In 2017 the country faced fresh challenge from incoming Rohingya refugees. Starting in early August 2017, the Myanmar security forces began “clearance operations” against the Rohingya in northern Rakhine state — killing thousands of Rohingya, brutalizing thousands more, and driving hundreds of thousands out of the country into neighboring Bangladesh. In the first four weeks of the conflict, over 400,000 Rohingya refugees (approximately 40% of the remaining Rohingya in Myanmar) fled the country on foot or by boat (chiefly to Bangladesh) creating a major humanitarian crisis. The governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh signed a memorandum of understanding on 23 November 2017 regarding the repatriation of Rohingya refugees to Rakhine State.[8] However, till the end of the decade over 740,000 refugees remained in Bangladesh creating pressure on the country's economy and infrastructure.[9]

The 2018 General elections brought another landslide victory for the Awami League led by Sheikh Hasina. While the opposition was already weak due to key leaders being in either jail or exile, the elections were further marred by violence and claims of vote rigging.[10] However, this gave the Awami League Government stability and opportunity to complete key infrastructure projects for the country including the Padma Bridge and the Dhaka Metro Rail.

Administrative Division

[Divisions of Bangladesh by the end of 2010s.] With the introduction of Rangpur Division in 2010 and Mymensingh Division in 2015, by the end of the decade the country was divided into eight (8) divisions shown in the table below:

  Division              Capital      scope=“col” data-sort-type=“date” | Established   Area (km²)[11]   2016 Population[12]   Density[13]   1.  of Districts
  --------------------- ------------ ------------------------------------------------- ---------------- --------------------- ------------- ------------------
  Barisal Division      Barisal      1 January 1993                                    13,225           9,145,000             691           6
  Chittagong Division   Chittagong   1 January 1829                                    33,909           31,980,000            943           11
  Dhaka Division        Dhaka        1 January 1829                                    20,594           40,171,000            1,951         13
  Khulna Division       Khulna       1 October 1960                                    22,284           17,252,000            774           10
  Mymensingh Division   Mymensingh   14 September 2015                                 10,584           12,368,000            1,169         4
  Rajshahi Division     Rajshahi     1 January 1829                                    18,153           20,412,000            1,124         8
  Rangpur Division      Rangpur      25 January 2010                                   16,185           17,602,000            1,088         8
  Sylhet Division       Sylhet       1 August 1995                                     12,635           11,291,000            894           4

  : Administrative Divisions of Bangladesh in 2010s

As shown in the table above, these divisions were further subdivided into 64 districts.

Demographics

[Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh in October 2017] Based on World Development Indicators published by the World Bank[14] the population of Bangladesh grew from 150 million at the beginning of the decade to 161 million by the end. This signifies an annual population growth rate of 0.7%. Population density increased from 1156 to 1240 per sq. km. The urban population was 30.5% of the total at the beginning, which ended up at 36.6%. Dhaka, the largest city, with a population of 14.7 million, accounted for 31.8% of the total urban population by 2019. Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) changed from 58.2% to 49.0% by the end of the decade.

The influx of Rohingya refugees had impact on the demography of Bangladesh.[15] From 25 August to 25 October 2017, around 605,000 Rohingyas arrived in Cox’s Bazar.[16] Besides, almost 203,431 Rohingya refugees were already living at Ukhiya and Teknaf Upazila of Cox’s Bazar, and they had come there during the period from July 2005 to August 2017.[17] The total number of Rohingya refugees staying in Bangladesh by the end of the decade was about 1,008,431.[18]

Climate

The lowest temperature since Bangladesh's independence, at was recorded in Saidpur on 10 January 2013.[19]

Natural disasters

[An animation depicting Roanu nearing landfall over Bangladesh.] In 2012 floods and landslides caused by heavy rain in late June, which significantly affected ten districts in the country's northern and south-eastern parts causing 131 deaths.[20] In August–September 2014, continuous rainfall in north and north-eastern Bangladesh caused flash floods in low-lying and densely populated areas affecting 2.8 million people.[21] On 21 May 2016, Cyclone Roanu made landfall near Chittagong, Bangladesh.[22] 30 people died when this cyclone hit the county,[23] and around 40,000 homesteads and business houses were damaged.[24]

In 2017 Cyclone Mora made landfall on May 31. Strong winds and storm surge battered buildings and destroyed farmlands across Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, and Rangamati. At least 20,000 houses were damaged in refugee camps for Rohingya Muslims, who were displaced by conflict in neighbouring Myanmar. Continued monsoon rain later in the year caused flooding which covered approximately one-third of Bangladesh, primarily in the northern, north-eastern, and central parts of the country.[25] Over six million have been affected, according to UNICEF, with estimates ranging as high as 8.5 million.[26][27] Property losses included nearly 700,000 damaged or destroyed homes, of farmland inundated, and thousands of miles of damaged roads.[28] On 12 June, heavy monsoon rain triggered a series of landslides and floods in Rangamati, Chittagong and Bandarban - three hilly districts of Bangladesh - and killed at least 152 people.[29]

[1]

[2]  News {{!}} Al Jazeera|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106012128/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/08/2013819424198348.html%7Carchive-date=6 January 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10] Bangladesh election: Opposition demands new vote BBC News, 30 December 2018

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15] Kudrat-E-Khuda (Babu), Michael William Scott (Reviewing editor) (2020) The impacts and challenges to host country Bangladesh due to sheltering the Rohingya refugees, Cogent Social Sciences, 6:1, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2020.1770943

[16] Reported by the Cox’s Bazar District Commissioner Office

[17] Report on the Relief Distribution to Myanmar Nationals in Cox’s Bazar, Memorandum No. 51.01.2200.000.24.016.17–555

[18] Center for Policy Dialogue, 2017

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

title: 2010s in Bangladesh

question: What does the article say about conflict?

answer: The decade began with the BDR Mutiny having just been subdued. The intense bickering between the League and BNP continued. Street violence between the League, BNP, and the Jamaat intensified in the run up to the general election. In 2015 and 2016, there were increasing assassinations targeting minorities and secularists. The country's worst terrorist attack resulted in 20 deaths in 2016. In 2017, the Myanmar security forces begane killing thousands of Rohingya, brutalizing thousands more. The 2018 General elections were marred by violence as well.

question: What does the article say about the 2020s?


text:
Someday I want to be able to walk the earth, just like the greatest minds through history have. Think about it, Albert Einstein, Julius Caesar, Isaac Newton and in the future, me, Mike the fish. It will happen, i am fully convinced it will. I just need to find out how to get up there.

Some people might wonder why, but the answer is very simple... Fish, are not particulary smart. I have yet to meet a fish whom I can have an intellegent discussion with. It seems that noone possess a deeper mind, a more profound way of thinking. I have searched every corner of the Atlantic ocean for answers. I have talked to every kind of creature that exists in this otherwise marvelous place, only to be met with more questions. All they seem to care about is food and procreation, what about the big questions. What about the purpose of evolution. What about the fearful afterlife. To fish or not to fish?

To me it is obvious that I need to find a way to get up there, with the land-fauna, or at least that is what I call them. Although, I'm sure they have a more sophisticated name for themselves.
If you wonder how I know that they are smarter than fish, it is because I have seen it.   I have seen their faces, their tall and not very fine prospected faces. Most of them have have big goggles surrounding their small marble eyes. Some have this big plastic gadget in their mouth that produces bubbles every once in a while. I'm certain that the goggles and the bubble-gizmo is of external constructions and not a natural part of their body, however I do not know what their purpose is. At first, I believed that the mouth-device was used for them to breathe under water. To my surprise, I some time later found out that they can indeed breathe in this, to them, foreign realm.
I know because I have met a land-fauna who did not have a mouth-gizmo. It was somewhere in the southwest Atlantic, not too far from the shore. I was of course thrilled to see him, however as it seemed, unresponded. He was rather rude to me to be honest. I introduced myself but he did not respond. He just stared at me with his seemingly fearful eyes. His pale white face appeared to be apathetic to my presence. He was not moving a single limb, he was not responding to anything I did. He did not put an effort to communicate. Not even a single bubble. There was not much I could do, so I left.

I suppose land-faunas can be as dumb as fish.

I have a plan on how to reach the other realm. The only problem is that it is slightly, just slightly based on luck. The plan itself is rather simple, it does not require much of me. The plan is as follows:
1. Find the right land-fauna.
2. Get the land-fauna to pick me up.
3. Use land-faunas ship to travel to shore.
4. Find answers.

See it is very simple.

I have seen land-faunas use these lines with a shiny metal figure on the end of it. I reckon it is to give us fish opportunity to get to the upper realm. I need to search long enough and not give up. Tenacity is the key to success, is what my father used to say, he was great fish.

Right there! My fate has finally crossed the path of the right land-fauna. He is the one. His line is right over there. I swim ferociously to it, I will not miss this opportunity. I examine the metal figure thoroughly. It is quite sharp and the only way to grip it is with my mouth. The metal figure pierce through my jaw. The excruciating pain that ensues is beyond comprehension, however not in vain. The line is rising, it is working. We are going towards the surface. I try to ignore the pain as much as possible, I drown the taste of blood with the soothing thought of lifelong fulfillment. Slowly but surely we reach above the surface. There he is, the land-fauna in his rightful realm. Majestic. My head is dizzy and it is getting darker. It must be from the pain and the loss of blood. I just hope he hurries to get aid.

I will be greater than Mozart, Julius Caesar and Albert Einstein combined. I am Mike the fish, is the last thought before everything disappears.

title: [MF] Mike The Fish

question: What does the story say about Mike's beliefs?

answer: Mike believes that he will be able to walk the Earth. He thinks that fish are not particularly smart and that the land-fauna are smarter than fish. He believes he will be greater than Mozart, Julius Caesar, and Albert Einstein combined.

question: What does the story say about who is Mike?

answer: Mike is a fish who wants to be able to walk the Earth.

question: What does the story say about Mike the Fish's intelligence?

answer: Mike thinks he is more intelligent than the other fish so he deserves to live on the Earth, not water. It turns out he is not very smart as he was caught biting the hook hoping that will bring him to 'the upper realm'. He believes he will be greater than Mozart, Julius Caesar, and Albert Einstein combined. However, he does.

question: What does the story say about Mike's education?


text:
When they came north out of Chihuahua he was not yet born and the militia marching the fugitive families had orders to kill anyone that refused to return to Cebolleta. The place brought with it death and hardship. But now it was their home again, by decree.

Before the Bacas could bury Guerrer, his body lying lifeless at the mercy of Navajos, they fled the fifteen miles south to Laguna. Where the Puebloans and their Kivas helped them survive. Where thirty Chacon soldiers eventually found them and marched them back to Cebolleta for good.

He was not quite fifteen and the Bacas had long since adapted to the violence, the soldiers long gone, the bones of the brother he’d never met serene beneath the earth. He wore a set of dusty cotton trousers and shirt to match. His hair remained black and straight while the same old pine pail he’d hauled back and forth since morning jounced in his hand. His feet stole down a path soft-footed monks had abandoned fifty years ago. His homemade boots kicked up considerable dust. The ground scuffed and scraped in his ear. The sheer yellow dust rose behind him. The abandoned Mission still stood, its fourteen niches still filled, the ornamented stations intact.

When he reach the opening in the willows, the stream flowed beside him, advancing in clear rippled streaks, the sound somnolent, sporadic. The sweet yet acrid scent of streamside willows pierced the air. He filled the pail and set it on the bank and crouched beneath the outstretched branches of a large cottonwood. He scanned the mesa-tops through its sagging branches and could see the places his father had taught him to look for Navajo raiders. He stood and turned his face toward western face of Cerro Bonito. The cinder cone stood as an elder, a remnant of the past still holding influence on the land.

After some time he picked up the pail and scanned the mesa-tops again. He lifted his feet and the thin homemade boots, his feet returning to the path.

Epaphrodito!...

His mind knew voice before his conscious breath could speak it. His head tilted in that instinctive pause of knowing, but not realizing, what was said. His heart reacted before he could consciously raise the pace of his gate.

Venga!... Andale!..

The voice sprang again from an almost-inebriated virulence. It was distant yet potent. It carried with it the years of punishment and discipline and harsh, stark boldness, the years of blank burnished calamity. It ran through Epa’s spine in a tremulous blind state, the sheer yellow dust now thick, turbulent; Epa ran with the pine pail now trouncing; the clear, rippled streaks now sloshing from the pail turning the water onto his pale-blue cotton trousers.

It was his father. The man that endured the harsh, grimaced faces of prehistoric vicissitudes the Anasazi knew first, the men that barked and clipped at the heels of civilized endurance. The men that tore the fabric of foreign life in a stank cordiality of uniformed diligence, leaving a pure remnant to foster a future plunder.

The best goats and lambs and children survived. They lived and produced the fodder of the raiders. The raiders fostered the future. They lived to live another day in their regimented discipline the Anasazi first observed.

This is why he ran, why he shuddered before the virulent voice. The man would not accept weakness, the man would not accept a petulant child in the midst of such formidable foes.

Epa, his face dripping, stood in sodden trousers before the man. The man sat a stool and leaned against an adobe wall, the pine-hewn legs creaking atop crosscut cedar planks, the man holding an empty gourd in one hand and a corn-shuck cigaro in the other, drops of pulgue running from the corners of his mouth.

title: [HF] Read it , Don't Weep - Cebolleta

question: Who killed Guerrer?

answer: The Navajos killed Guerrer.

question: Who is the main character?

answer: Epa is the main character.

question: Whose voice does Epa recognize?

answer: He recognizes the voice of his father.

question: What group does Epa belong to?

answer: He belongs to the Anasazi group.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Epa, a fifteen year old Anasazi boy, checks out an abandoned Mission. His people have faced violence at the hands of other groups. While at the Mission, he hears his father shout in the distance. He runs to his father, making sure to show no weakness.


text:
There are more parts to this collective I wrote. If anyone likes it, I will post more some time.

-----------------------------------------------

They were white. Or cream. Or eggshell, or something. Anyway, he fucking hated them.

"Is this some kind of joke? Did I do something to upset you?," he asked, running the sleek thin fabric between his fingers.

"What, these? What's wrong with them?"

"Hideous. I love you, so they can stay... But don't be surprised, if, one day, down the road, you come home, after a long day of work, and, find them gone. Or... painted... With holes in them..."

The phone rings.

"Hello?"

"Desmond?"

"What's the score, Harry?"

"We need to talk."

He slipped on his fine winter jacket and headed out the door. But before walking out, took a step back in, looking at the drapes again. "Hideous," he paused, "Why are they so long... Nevermind, I don't even want to get into it. Love you!"

The walls of the coffee shop were white. Almost the same hue as those curtains. Her tastes could realy eat at him.

"What do you think of this color? Why is this popular?"

"Are you really going to go on about colors right now?"

"What do you think?"

"Well yeah its a terrible, miserable shade. But-"

"Thank you!" He interrupted.

"...But, there are bigger things to discuss here."

"What does he know?" Desmond acted as if he not only knew the answer, but also did not give a shit.

"Well," Harry sighed, "he knows you did it. And he knows where you are. And he wants it back."

"Well he is not getting it back!" Desmond snapped back before Harry could even finish the word. He looks around, and says much quieter,

"He is not getting it back...What is he prepared to do about it?"

"Well, he'll send Carl."

"Over this!? Carl?!"

"Yeah. I know." He saw Desmond's look change. "Yeah, I know."

There was a solid pause. Neither looked thrilled about this news.

"Well I can't give it back. Can't. Why the fuck do they call him 'Carl', anyway, the man is a monster. He deserves a better nickname.... 'Ze Butcher', or something... Maybe something less cliche, but you get what I mean."

"Well, because, aside from when you're a target of his, he is the nicest person you could ever meet."

"Oh, you mean when he is not being the most sadistic fucking knife-wielding psycho-creep ever, he is some kind of gentleman?" Desmond's jaw remained open after this question, still reeling in this fact. He breathed out a single laugh, took a deep breath, and casually combed his hands through his hair before putting them back in his pockets. His knee was bouncing.

"Well," Harry started, "he has this thing."

"Thing?" Desmond laughed a bit, inquisitively, and popped a slice of gum into his mouth.

"Yeah, like, he has to help people... As though he is compulsively polite, or something. The man donates to charity more than celebrities. He rescues animals. He says 'bless you' anytime someone sneezes."

"Pff, I say 'bless you'," chewing and shrugging it off.

"To complete strangers? Who sneeze a hundred feet away in a crowded restaurant?"

"No..."

"Excatly."

"Everytime?"

"Every time."

"Jeesh. That must be exhausting," chomping on the Trident, getting more worried.

"Well, it probably looks good on the self-assessment at the end of the night." Harry suggested, sipping his coffee. He coughed a bit from the heat.

"Put milk in it..."

"Give it back!"

"I can't give it back!" The gum fell out of his mouth.

"Well, then, Desmond, if he-... *When* he comes for you, you best be prepared."

"I gotta gun." He didn't look worried. Popped the gum back in, nodding his head, chewing with mouth open, knee still bouncing.

"A gun? Guns jam. This man is fast. You need more than that. Or to get the fuck out of the state. Like today."

"Not going anywhere. Also, revolvers don't jam," Desmond smirked, and spit the gum into a coffee-soaked napkin.

"You're too cocky about this."

"You read too much." Desmond sipped his black iced coffee, and audibly smacked his tounge against the roof of his month a few times.

"That is an annoying habit." Harry was getting tired of his little brother's shit.

Desmond shrugged.

He slept great the next few nights. He knew Carl wouldn't do anything until he had it planned out. It was also unlikely he'd do anything at all until Desmond was alone. The nicest man ever, it made Desmond laugh, and it made him sick. Desmond spent the next week biding his time, enjoying the last days of his life in the best way possible: drinking whiskey, and making love to Sasha everyday. She was bright, she knew something was up, but never asked. Money was no longer an issue, she was confused, but kept it to herself.

He knew his days were numbered, but he did not yet know the number. After that first week, he began hearing noises outside at night. It didn't bother him. The second week, the noises were inside. This is around the time he began sleeping with that revolver under the pillow. Sasha noticed, and began sleeping with a steak knife under her's. She clearly did not understand the depth of the danger. At least, not until Desmond started confronting the sounds.

"Where the fuck are you?!" She'd find him shouting at the walls in the living room, gun drawn in the middle of the night. Desmond saw the way she looked at him. Horrified. Moreso than he was. He had to call Harry.

"Hello?"

"Harry?"

"What's the matter, Desmond?"

"We need to talk."

The walls of the pub were brown. A comfortable, warm, atmosphere-setting brown, but Desmond didn't give a fuck. His knee was bouncing again.

"What did you mean when you said you can't give it back?"

"I can't give it back now." Desmond looked dissapointed in himself.

"Well, if you give it back then he'll call off Carl-... Wait, what do you mean 'now'?!"

"I sold it to Marshall."

"Marshall?!" Harry drank the rest of his bourbon in one sip and slapped the glass down on the bar, letting out a slight, desperately sad laugh. "Well then you're fucked. You know Marshall's just gonna sell it back to him, don't ya?!" Bits of spit and bourbon dripped from the beard hanging off of his appauled face.

"I guess I didn't think that far."

"D'you know what Carl does to people!?"

"Well... I have heard stories. They seem like ghost stories. Fairy-tale nightmares."

"No. No." Harry shook his head, flabbergasted at Desmond's naivity.
"He actually did make a Jack O'Lantern out of Frank's decapitated head. I saw the pictures. Candle and all. He won't just kill you, he will make a thing of it. He is the best. He is paid to be. So that people like you don't go around doing what you did."
Desmond took a long drag of his 7&7, and said nothing. For a while. There were a few sighs, and a few attempts, but he had nothing.

Another month went by. Desmond changed the locks 17 times. His eyes were bloodshot everyday, and he might have snuck in a couple hours of rest in between the infomercials.

"Are you sure you're going to be okay?" Sasha was rightfully concerned.

"Baby, I'll be fine. Its just allergies, or something. I'll take some Benedryl, I promise."

"Okay. Please get some rest while I'm gone?"

"Okay sweetie. I wish you would just stay here with me. We don't need the money anyway."

"I know, but, I promised I would. After this event, I will quit. Promise."

"Okay," Desmond was able to smile, "sounds good." He kissed her goodbye. Now, he thought, Carl has no reason not to attack.

Desmond popped open the revolver every night to make sure it was still loaded before putting it under his pillow. Three nights in a row, he ran into the living room, naked, gun drawn, and scared shitless.

"Where the fuck is he?" Carl was notorious for hiding and fucking with his targets for nights at a time before the kill. Desmond looked in the basement. He kicked over the couch, he turned all of the lights on and off, and then he went to sleep, not satisfied, or hopeful, but crying. His eyes watered even though he was beyond jaded at this point. It wasn't even sadness, he wasn't sure what it was. He had to live with this.

The next night, it happened again. Same noises, same spot. This guy knew how to torture people, both psychologically, and physically. Desmond ran into the kitchen, then the living room. Still, no one, and no evidence of anyone. Was it just paranoia? Did Carl even really know how to get into his house? Or where his house was in the first place? Desmond's eyes watered as he walked into the living room. Confusion and paranoia raped his mind.

On the way back to his room, Desmond was overtaken by something. Something happened inside of him and he couldn't help it. It was from deep within, like a bubbling volcano. There was nothing he could do about it. He sneezed.

"Bless you! Fuc-"

The first shot deafened Desmond, so he fired 4 more. And behind the tattered, now-brown, floor-to-ceiling curtains, was a small, balding old man with a mustache, coughing up blood, knife in hand... The initial 5 holes and the deep purple blood stain on the wall did not bother Sasha. But the sixth round, when it entered Carl's brain, really ruined the carpet.

title: [RF] 'The Sixth Round'

question: Explain the kind of person Carl is.

answer: Carl is one of the most feared assassins around. He is said to be a sadist with the manners of a gentleman. He is compulsively polite and donates to charity a lot. He says "bless you" to strangers whenever and every time they sneeze and loves to help people. Still, Carl is known to be a killer who carves up the heads of people he kills. He has been known to carve and decorate the head of one of his victims as a jack o' lantern.

question: Who employed Carl to kill Desmond?