text:
I had been waiting for what seemed like an eternity. Looking around, the car was immaculate to the point of obsession. Each item in its appropriate place was just begging to be disturbed. My sister sat beside me, silent and restless, as I fought off an intensifying urge to do something irrational. Our cassette tape had ended long ago and the resulting silence tormented my already listless mind. The cloying smell of antiquated perfume hung stagnant in the air, and the skin on my right arm was baking in the sun and making my blue jeans begin to burn my leg.

For the hundredth time, my eyes scanned the familiar house looming before me. The paint that now peeled and bubbled off the crudely built wooden frame had been pure white at one time, but was now a defiled mushroom beige. Two gaping curtainless windows gazed down at me with an air of secrecy and disgrace. The garage was an open mouth, inviting me to enter and learn its mysteries. I stared and imagined what it would be like inside, having only familiarized myself with its outer shell. And I waited.

My sister and I visited our grandmother, Amma, about once a week. Our usually monotonous visits would sometimes be interrupted by a spontaneous trip to Uncle George’s house. Uncle George was Amma’s brother only by marriage. His wife had recently passed away, however, leaving Uncle George incapable of doing even the most insignificant of domestic undertakings. Amma quickly and readily stepped in to assist the incompetent man at his every request. My sister and I were taken along at instances like these and were given explicit instructions to remain in the car. “I’ll only be a second,” Amma would tell us in an uncharacteristically hurried manner. “Just wait here and I’ll be right back.”

My sister’s foot kept tapping the back of the driver side seat in front of her. Up and down it went, as if this one extremity of hers was the only part of her body that remained alive. Tap, tap, tap, tap it went. My arm seared in the heat. That house was staring, taunting. Tap, tap. The sickly sweet fragrance made it difficult to concentrate. Tap, tap, tap. My overactive seven year old mind was an explosion of troubled anxiety. It had been too long. This was getting ridiculous. How can she expect this from us? Tap, Tap, tap, tap… I turned to my sister and immediately she saw the resolution on my face. She stared open mouthed as I gently opened the car door and stepped out onto the cracked gray driveway. “Don’t worry, I’ll be right back.”

My stomach was a rock within me and at each step my feet felt like lead. I stopped and took one last look up at that grotesque staring face with the gaping mouth, then I entered the garage. I walked slowly, unsurely. Each common object I encountered seemed exotic to my nervous eyes. There was a doorway in the shadows up ahead, painted with the same sour yellowed paint. The entrance into the very bowels of the house. My hand was sweaty on the gold doorknob, but I quietly turned it and entered.

Immediately the odor of dust, unwashed linen, and old age filled my nostrils. Fingers still on the doorknob, my first instinct was to recoil in fear and repulsion. I took a deep, putrid breath. I needed to know what was going on. At the end of the long hallway I saw a thin sliver of harsh florescent light cast onto the wall from the adjacent room. I could hear someone inside. As I walked along the wall, a growing sense of trepidation filled my small body. I shouldn’t be in here. I was going to get caught. I neared the opening from which the glaring light was coming, and hesitantly peered in.

What I saw was a standard laundry room. Lint covered button-down shirts hung from hangers on a clothesline to dry, while neat stacks of folded slacks lined the top of the dingy grey dryer. A blue plastic hamper sat on the cement floor holding a jumble of clothes that I assumed were unclean. The air was moist and smelled of mold and powder detergent.

Standing in the middle of the room, however, was the most alarming sight that I had ever witnessed. My Uncle George was stooped beneath the glaring light, putting on a pair of rumpled black dress socks. Those were the only item of clothing he was wearing. His ghost-white skin was a stark contrast to the bleak surroundings. With a naive terror, I looked up the long, gangly legs and over the flat, drooping buttocks. The backbone protruded under loose skin and my gaze involuntarily traveled upward as if on some skeletal highway. His extended neck was crowned with a mop of disheveled grey hair that sprung greasy from the pale veined scalp. He was arched over, translucent flesh sagging off the wiry frame like some prehistoric amphibious human being. Claw-like hands were ferociously pulling at the sock on his left foot as he struggled to maintain balance. He had not seen me. With my heart pounding so ferociously that I was sure I’d be caught, I bolted. Shaking with unadulterated horror, I retraced my steps as soundlessly as possible.

Safely back in the car, I waited. My sister questioned, but I couldn’t tell her. When Amma finally returned, I hysterically relayed what I had seen. All at once a look came over her worn face that I couldn’t identify. Fear? Insecurity? Anger? She quickly told me that I had seen nothing and warned me never to tell my mother what I had just described to her. She told me that it was going to be alright. That it would be our little secret. And that we were going for ice cream.

Sixteen years later, the story once again surfaced in my memory. As I relayed it to my astonished mother, the truth was deciphered. Unbeknownst to their family, Amma and my Uncle George were having an affair. What seemed like a considerate sister-in-law helping her less than capable brother was, in reality, a covert sexual escapade begging to be uncovered by the unassuming granddaughter. As the situation was discussed, the pieces fell into place like some sort of perverted relational puzzle. To this day, Amma doesn’t know that we’ve uncovered the disgraceful skeleton in her closet.

Or should I say, the naked old man in the laundry room?

title: My childhood monsters weren't only in the closet: A true story.

question: What does the story say about how to clean a car?

question: What does the story say about the senior citizens in the narrator's life?

answer: The senior citizens in the narrator's life are his grandmother, Amma, and Uncle George, her brother-in-law. As kids, the narrator and his sister visited Amma about once a week. Their monotonous visits would sometimes be interrupted by a spontaneous trip to Uncle George's house. His wife, Amma's sister, recently passed away, and Amma helped him once in a while because he was incapable of doing most of the chores. In reality, her visits were never about the chores and he wasn't incompetent with domestic duties. Amma and Uncle George were having an affair, covertly having sexual escapades every time.

question: Summarize the primary source of tension in the story.

answer: The primary source of tension in the story is Amma's spontaneous visits to Uncle George's house when her grandkids were around. She would take them along and leave them in the car, with strict instructions not to come inside the house. The kids would impatiently wait in the car, restless and wondering why she brought them along in the first place. The narrator's mind was listless and his arm was baking in the sun. His sister's foot kept tapping the back of the driver's side seat. The narrator's anxiety explodes because Amma has been away for too long, it was getting ridiculous.

question: Summarize the climactic event of the story.

answer: The narrator and his sister were growing impatient waiting in the car for their grandmother, Amma. Troubled with anxiety, he decides to look for Amma inside Uncle George's (her brother-in-law) house despite being told not to get out of the car. He enters the house through the garage and winds up in the laundry room. Inside, he finds Uncle George naked and trying to wear a pair of socks. Horrified, the narrator bolts back to the car. When Amma returns, he told her what he saw, only to be told that he saw nothing, and warned never to tell his mother. Amma told the narrator that it was going to be OK and that it will be their little secret. Sixteen years later, he remembers the incident and tells his mom. They ascertain that Amma and Uncle George were having an affair of a sexual nature.


split: test

text:
ZUNI MYTHOLOGY is the oral history, cosmology, and religion of the Zuni people. The Zuni are a Pueblo people located in New Mexico. Their religion is integrated into their daily lives and respects ancestors, nature, and animals.[1] Because of a history of religious persecution by non-native peoples, they are very private about their religious beliefs. Roman Catholicism has to some extent been integrated into traditional Zuni religion.[2]

Cultural institutions that provide religious instruction and cultural stability include their priests, clans, kivas (kachina society), and healing societies.[3] A ceremonial cycle brings the community together. While some ceremonies are open to non-Zuni peoples, others are private; for instance the Shalako ceremony and feast has been closed to outsiders since 1990.[4]

Creation

In Frank Cushing's The Genesis of the Worlds, Or the Beginning of Newness, only Áwonawílona had being. This All-Father, Maker and Container of All, made himself into the Sun Father, Yatoka. The mist clouds formed into the Great Waters, where Earth Mother, Áwitelin Tsíta, and Sky Father, Ápoyan Ta'chu, formed, the two of whom conceived all men and creatures in the four-fold womb of the world. The Sun Father and Earth Mother then brought forth the Twin Children of the Sun, the twin brothers Ko'wituma and Wats'usi. These twins were endowed with sacred knowledge, caps, bows, arrows and shields to have dominion over all men and creatures as Twin War Gods. They descended into Ánosin Téhuli, the first Underworld where they formed a ladder for some of the men and creatures to ascend to the second cave-world called Moss World, K'ólin Téhuli. Once again the twins formed a ladder for entry into the third world called the World of Mud, Áwisho Téhuli, and finally the last cave-world called Wing World, Tépahaian Téhuli. Here, the twins instructed men in the ways of life and to seek the Sun Father, before they gained entry into the Daylight World, Ték'ohaian Úlahnane. Initially covered in scaly skin and having webbed feet and hands, the men eventually grew accustomed to the light and clothed themselves in girdles and sandals.[5][6][7]

In Ruth Benedict's The Emergence and Other Kachina Tales, people initially dwelt crowded tightly together in total darkness in a place deep in the earth known as the fourth world. The daylight world then had hills and streams but no people to live there or to present prayer sticks to Awonawilona, the Sun and creator. Awonawilona took pity on the people and his two sons were stirred to lead them to the daylight world. The sons, who have human features, located the opening to the fourth world in the southwest, but they were forced to pass through the progressively dimming first, second and third worlds before reaching the overcrowded and blackened fourth world. The people, blinded by the darkness, identified the two brothers as strangers by touch and called them their bow priests. The people expressed their eagerness to leave to the bow priests, and the priests of the north, west, south and east who were also consulted agreed. To prepare for the journey, four seeds were planted by Awonawilona's sons, and four trees sprang from them: a pine, a spruce, a silver spruce and an aspen. The trees quickly grew to full size, and the bow priests broke branches from them and passed them to the people. Then the bow priests made a prayer stick from a branch of each tree. They plunged the first, the prayer stick made of pine, into the ground and lightning sounded as it quickly grew all the way to the third world. The people were told that the time had come and to gather all their belongings, and they climbed up it to a somewhat lighter world but were still blinded. They asked if this is where they were to live and the bow priests said, “Not yet”. After staying four days, they traveled to the second world in similar fashion: the spruce prayer stick was planted in the earth and when it grew tall enough the people climbed it to the next world above them. And again, after four days they climbed the length of silver spruce prayer stick to the first world, but here they could see themselves for the first time because the sky glowed from a dawn-like red light. They saw they were each covered with filth and a green slime. Their hands and feet were webbed and they had horns and tails, but no mouths or anuses. But like each previous emergence, they were told this was not to be their final home. On their fourth day in the first world, the bow priests planted the last prayer stick, the one made of aspen. Thunder again sounded, the prayer stick stretched through the hole to the daylight world, and the people climbed one last time. When they all had emerged, the bow priests pointed out the Sun, Awonawilona, and urged the people to look upon him despite his brightness. Unaccustomed to the intense light, the people cried and sunflowers sprang from the earth where their tears fell. After four days, the people traveled on, and the bow priests decided they needed to learn to eat so they planted corn fetishes in the fields and when these had multiplied and grown, harvested it and gave the harvest to the men to bring home to their wives. The bow priests were saddened to see the people were smelling the corn but were unable to eat it because they had no mouths. So when they were asleep, the bow priests sharpened a knife with a red whetstone and cut mouths in the people's faces. The next morning they were able to eat, but by evening they were uncomfortable because they could not defecate. That night when they were asleep the bow priests sharpened their knife on a soot whetstone and cut them all anuses. The next day the people felt better and tried new ways to eat their corn, grinding it, pounding, and molding it into porridge and corncakes. But they were unable to clean the corn from their webbed hands, so that evening as they slept the bow priests cut fingers and toes into their hands and feet. The people were pleased when they realized their hands and feet worked better, and the bow priests decided to make one last change. That night as they slept, the bow priests took a small knife and removed the people's horns and tails. When the people awoke, they were afraid of the change at first, but they lost their fear when sun came out and grew pleased that the bow priests were finally finished.[8][9]

Kachina

The Zuni were encouraged to continue looking for the Middle, itiwana, and the priest Ka'wimosa, Kachina Maker, was asked to send his eldest son Kiaklo northward as part of the search. When he was not heard from, Ka'wimosa's next two sons, the Ánahoho áchi, were sent southward. When they were not heard from, the youngest son and daughter, Síweluhsiwa and Síwiluhsitsa, were sent eastward. During their journey, they had 10 children from an incestuous encounter. The first child was a man-woman combined, while the other nine were sexless men. Father and sons became the Koyemshi, attendants and interpreters of the kachinas, in the words of Cushing, “they behaved one moment as simpletons speaking idocies and yet uttering wise words and prophecies from the ancients the next.” In the meantime, not wanting to wait for Ka'wimosa's return, the Zuni divided into three groups and continued their search for itiwana, led by the Beloved Twins. The Bear and Crane clans came upon a broad river which they attempted to cross. During the crossing, many of their children fell below the waves becoming lizards, frogs, turtles and newts, as they sank into the waters of Koyemshi and the abode of ghosts, Hápanawan, and Kóthluwalawan, the council of the god priests. These priests taught the Dance of Good, Kókokshi, to the dead, including these children. The Chief of Kóthluwalawan, Páutiwa, learned of Kiaklo's plight from Duck, and sent Duck and the Koyemshi to bring Kiaklo to the council hall. Escorted by the Sálimopia and Shúlawitsi, the Little Fire God, Kiaklo entered the council hall and the assembled gods and soul-beings. Guided by Duck, Kiaklo learned the story of creation, followed by a sacred dance that included the Little Ones. Kiaklo was then tasked with conveying the customs and rites of the kachinas, the words of the gods, to the Zuni, including comforting messages for the mothers of the lost Little Ones, and how they made a pathway that all the dead follow to the spirit world.[10][11][12]

According to Ruth Bunzel's Introduction to Zuni Ceremonialism, the Kachina Society is responsible for performing the rites of the Kachina. Males are initiated into the society by the age of 12. The Lost Children instructed the Zuni to copy their costumes, headdresses, and dances, when they would be with them in spirit. The masks are guarded in a back room of the owner, and are given a daily offering of food. The mask guarantees the owner admission into the dance house of the gods, and are buried with the owner four days after their death.[13]

[1] “Zuni - Religion and Expressive Culture.” (retrieve 21 Nov 2011)

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

title: Zuni mythology

question: Who do the Zuni people worship?

answer: It is stated that their religion is integrated into their daily lives and their respect for their ancestors, nature, and animals.

question: What was the reason behind closing the Shalako ceremony to outsiders?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: What does Cushing say in his book The Genesis of the Worlds about?

answer: It may be implied that the book is about Zuni mythology.


text:
up! It's on my box! Ages three and up! I'm not supposed to be babysitting Princess Drool!

Bo Peep: What would you say if I get someone else to watch the sheep for me tonight?

Woody: [blushing and giggling] Oh-ho yeah. Thought so.

Buzz: [Referring to Andy's other toys] Do you know these life forms?

Woody: Yes, they're Andy's toys.

Woody: Has everybody picked a moving buddy?

Hamm: Moving buddy? You can't be serious!

Rex: I didn't know we were supposed to have one already!

Mr. Potato Head: [holding his left arm in his right hand] Do we have to hold hands?

[All laugh]

Woody: [mocking Buzz as they split-up] "Rendezvous with Star Command."

[sees a delivery truck with a "Pizza Planet" logo on it]

Woody: Pizza Planet?

[enlightened]

Woody: Andy! Oh, no! I can't show my face in that room without Buzz.

[yelling to Buzz]

Woody: Buzz! Buzz, come back!

Buzz: [walking out from under the truck, annoyed] Go away!

Woody: No! Buzz, you gotta come back! I...

[Woody looks at the Pizza Planet delivery truck, and notices a miniture spaceship on the top]

Woody: [calling] I found a spaceship!

[Buzz stops and looks at the delivery truck]

Woody: [calling] It's a spaceship, Buzz!

Buzz: [as the driver asks for directions] Now, you're sure this space freighter will return to its point of origin once it jettisons its food supply?

Woody: [nodding his head] Uh-huh. And when we get there, we'll find a way to transport you home.

Buzz: Well, then, let's climb aboard.

[Buzz runs towards the truck]

Woody: No, no, no, wait, Buzz! Buzz! Let's get in the back. No one will see us there.

Buzz: Negative. There are no restraining harnesses in the cargo area. We'll be much safer in the cockpit.

[Buzz climbs through the open window and jumps into the seat]

Woody: [whispering] Yeah, bu... Buzz! Buzz! Buzz!

[the Pizza Planet truck's engine starts, Woody climbs into the back, and sees Buzz attaching a seat belt]

Woody: It's safer in the cockpit than the cargo bay. What an idiot.

[the Pizza Planet truck moves forwards sharply, Woody is tossed and thrown by the extreme motion of the truck as it speeds down the road and up a hill. Items start in the back of the truck start to tumble towards Woody, one of them being a heavy tool box]

Lenny the Binoculars: [Lenny spots RC with Woody and Buzz rocketing toward the open moving van] Look, look! It's Woody and Buzz, comin' up fast!

[Sid at Pizza Planet ends up spotting Buzz in the Alien Claw Game, much to Woody's shock]

Sid Phillips: A Buzz Lightyear? No way.

[the claw reaches down and collects Buzz successfully]

Sid Phillips: Yes!

[Woody grabs Buzz' legs, trying to pull him out and stop him from being obtained]

Sid Phillips: [banging against the glass] HEY!

All Aliens: [as Woody struggles to pull Buzz out of the Claw Machine] He has been chosen.

[the Alien Toys all push Woody back through]

Woody: Stop it! What are you doing? Stop it! Stop it, you zealots!

Sid Phillips: [after having obtained both Buzz and Woody] All right, Double Prizes!

[Picks up them both]

Sid Phillips: Let's go home and play.

[Sid chuckles as the camera zooms in on his shirt]

Sid Phillips: [In Panic] The Toys! The Toys are alive!

[whimpering]

Sid Phillips: Nice Toy!

[Hannah holds her New Sally Doll out at Sid in Fear, and chases him upstairs]

Hannah: What's wrong Sid? Don't you wanna play with Sally?

[Andy walks down to the car with Woody to go to Pizza Planet, confused of how Buzz would mysteriously disappear]

Andy: I couldn't find my Buzz. I know I left him right there.

Andy's Mom: Honey, I'm sure he's around. You'll find him.

[Buzz, shown be be alright, pops out from the bushes angered with Woody, and hops onto the Rear Bumper of Andy's Car as it drives off]

Hamm: Yes, sir, we're next month's garage sale fodder for sure.

Woody: Sergeant, establish a recon post downstairs. Code Red. You know what to do.

Sergeant: Yes, sir!

[jumps down]

Sergeant: All right, men, you heard him! Code Red, repeat: we're at Code Red! Recon plan Charlie: Execute! Let's move, move, move, move, move!

Slinky Dog: It's Sid!

Rex: I thought he was at summer camp!

Hamm: They must've kicked him out early this year.

Rex: Oh no, not Sid!

Mr. Potato Head: [as Woody tries to persuade everyone that Buzz is alright so that they may help him over] Wait just a minute. What are you trying to pull?

Woody: [throwing both hands into the air, accidentally revealing Buzz' severed arm completely] Nothing!

[the toys from Andy's Room scream in horror, and Rex throws up at the sight of it. Realizing his mistake, Woody tries to hide the arm behind his back]

Hamm: Oh, that is disgusting!

Mr. Potato Head: Murderer!

Woody: No! No, no, no, no! It's not what you think. I swear!

Mr. Potato Head: Save it for the jury! I hope Sid pulls your voice box out, ya creep!

[throws the string of Christmas lights out the window, which go flying back to Sid's house, and land into Sid's Yard]

Woody: [pleading for mercy] No! No! No, no! Don't leave! Don't leave! You've gotta help us, please! You don't know what's it's like over here!

Mr. Potato Head: [he and the other toys start to leave, except Slinky] Come on let's get outta here.

Hamm: Go back to your lives, citizens. Show's over.

Woody: [to Slinky, who's also beginning to leave] Slink! Slink, please! Please, listen to me!

Woody: [Slinky sadly closes the blinds] No! No, come back!

Woody: [sadly] SLI-I-I-I-NKYYY!

Buzz: [marveling at the interior of Pizza Planet] What a spaceport!

[Woody punches him in the shoulder]

Buzz: Good work, Woody.

Slinky Dog: [while the toys try to extend a chain of toy monkeys to Buzz, who's fallen in the bushes, but catches up to Andy, his mom, and Woody, who are driving to Pizza Planet] It's too short. We need more monkeys!

Rex: There aren't any more! That's the whole barrel!

[tosses to barrel aside, then calls down]

Rex: Buzz, the monkeys aren't working! We're formulating another plan, so stay calm!

[sadly]

Rex: Where could he be?

Hannah: [after Buzz falls to the floor while trying to fly out the window; his arm has fallen as a result] Mom! Mom, have you seen my Sally doll?

Sid's Mom: [as Hannah picks up Buzz and his arm] What, dear? What was that?

Hannah: Never mind.

Andy: [Woody and Buzz drop from the sky into a cardboard box in Andy's car, next to Andy; he looks in and sees them] Hey, wow!

Andy's Mom: What? What is it?

Andy's Mom: [joyfully, as he brings Woody and Buzz out] Woody, Buzz!

Andy's Mom: Oh great, you found them; where were they?

Andy: [overjoyed] Here in the car.

Andy's Mom: See? What did I tell you? Right where you left them.

[as Andy hugs his toys fervently, Woody and Buzz come to life for a second and wink at each other to congratulate each other on their success, then return to their lifeless forms]

[Bo pulls Woody up to her with her cane]

Woody: Oh, Bo, there's gotta be a less painful way to get my attention.

Bo Peep: Merry Christmas, Sheriff.

Woody: Say, isn't that a mistletoe?

Bo Peep: Mm-hmm.

Woody: [Celebrating Sid's Defeat] Ha-ha! We did it, we did it! Yes!

Buzz Lightyear: [On TV; voice box] There's a secret mission in uncharted space.

Mission Control: [On TV] Calling Buzz Lightyear. Come in, Buzz Lightyear. This is Star Command. Buzz Lightyear, do you read me?

Buzz Lightyear: [Offscreen to Mission Control] Star Command!

Kid: [On TV] Buzz Lightyear responding. Read you loud and clear.

Mission Control: Buzz Lightyear, planet Earth needs your help!

Kid: On the way!

Commercial Chorus: Buzz Lightyear!

[from the Michael Eisner segment during the TV premiere of "Eloise at the Plaza"]

Sergeant: [to Woody via Playskool walkie-talkie] Red alert. Michael's coming upstairs.

Woody: [He and his Andy's toys starts freaking out as they start putting back] Michael's coming, everybody. Back to your places. Hurry.

question: Identify some points in the passage where the narrative makes continuity errors.

answer: At one point, Buzz is in the front of the Pizza Planet truck while Woody is in the back. However, he next dialogue has Lenny stating that the two are rocketing towards the moving van. The second inconsistency is the moment that follows that has Buzz inside a claw game and Sid gets both Woody and Buzz. This is followed by another illogical scene where Sid is suddenly stating that the toys are alive (no prior action was shown for him to have this reaction).

question: What kind of toy is Woody?


text:
The CINNAMON TEAL (_Spatula cyanoptera_) is a species of duck found in western North and South America. It is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. It lives in marshes and ponds, and feeds mostly on plants.

Description

[Female _Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium_] [Male (left) and female] The adult male has a cinnamon-red head and body with a brown back, a red eye and a dark bill. The adult female has a mottled brown body, a pale brown head, brown eyes and a grey bill and is very similar in appearance to a female blue-winged teal; however its overall color is richer, the lores, eye line, and eye ring are less distinct. Its bill is longer and more spatulate. Male juvenile resembles a female cinnamon or blue-winged teal but their eyes are red.[1][2] They are long, have a wingspan, and weigh .[3] They have 2 adult molts per year and a third molt in their first year.[4]

Distribution

Their breeding habitat is marshes and ponds in western United States and extreme southwestern Canada, and are rare visitors to the east coast of the United States.[5] Cinnamon teal generally select new mates each year. They are migratory and most winter in northern South America and the Caribbean,[6] generally not migrating as far as the blue-winged teal. Some winter in California and southwestern Arizona.[7] Two subspecies of cinnamon teal reside within the Andes of South America. The smaller sized _S. c. cyanoptera_ is widespread within low elevations (<1000m) such as the coast of Peru and southern Argentina, whereas the larger size subspecies _S. c. orinomus_ occupies elevations of 3500-4600 meters in the central Andes. [8]

Behavior

[Male] These birds feed by dabbling. They mainly eat plants; their diet may include molluscs and aquatic insects.

Taxonomy

They are known to interbreed with blue-winged teals,[9] which are very close relatives.

Subspecies are:

-   _Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium_ (Oberholser, 1906) NORTHERN CINNAMON TEAL breeds from British Columbia to northwestern New Mexico, and they winter in northwestern South America.[10]
-   _Spatula cyanoptera tropica_ (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) TROPICAL CINNAMON TEAL occurs in the Cauca Valley and Magdalena Valley in Colombia.[11]
-   _Spatula cyanoptera borreroi_ (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) BORRERO'S CINNAMON TEAL (possibly extinct) occurs in the eastern Andes of Colombia with records of apparently resident birds from northern Ecuador.[12] It is named for Colombian ornithologist José Ignacio Borrero.
-   _Spatula cyanoptera orinoma_ (Snyder & Lumsden, 1951) ANDEAN CINNAMON TEAL occurs in the Altiplano of Peru, northern Chile and Bolivia.[13]
-   _Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera_ (Vieillot, 1816) ARGENTINE CINNAMON TEAL occurs in southern Peru, southern Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands.[14]

[1] Dunn, J (2006)

[2]

[3] Floyd T (2008)

[4]

[5]

[6] Herrera _et al._ (2006)

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10] Clements, J (2007)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

title: Cinnamon teal

question: What does the article say about what Cinnamon teal looks like?

answer: Cinnamon teal is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. Female Cinnamon teal has a longer bill that is more spatulate. Male juvenile resembles female cinnamon or blue-winged teal but their eyes are red. They are long, have a wingspan, and weigh.

question: What does the article say about Cinnamon teal's distribution?

answer: They live in marshes and ponds in the western United States and extreme southwestern Canada. Cinnamon teal generally selects new mates each year. They are migratory and most winter in northern South America and the Caribbean, generally not migrating as far as the blue-winged teal. Two subspecies of cinnamon teal reside within the Andes of South America.

question: What does the article say about tufted duck?


text:
1.  2.  / Live news

Issued on: 20/01/2018 - 08:48

[]

Bangkok (AFP)

Thai police have arrested an alleged kingpin in Asia's illegal trade in endangered species, dealing a blow to family-run syndicate that smuggles elephant ivory, rhino horn and tiger parts to Chinese and Vietnamese dealers.

Boonchai Bach, 40, a Vietnamese national with Thai citizenship, was arrested on Friday evening over the smuggling of 14 rhino horns worth around $1 million from Africa to Thailand.

His downfall follows the December 12 arrest of Nikorn Wongprachan, a Thai National Parks and Wildlife Conservation official, at Bangkok's main airport as he attempted to smuggle the rhino horn from the quarantine section to a nearby apartment.

The horn was smuggled into Bangkok by a Chinese man who was arrested a day before on arrival from Johannesburg, South Africa.

The police sting led to Boonchai, who financed the network.

"This is a major smuggling syndicate and Boonchai is a ringleader," General Chalermkiat Srivorakan, deputy national police chief, told reporters Saturday after the suspect arrived at Suvarnabhumi airport ahead of his remand.

"Boonchai admitted he was involved," Chalermkiat said, adding he faces up to four years in jail for smuggling parts of protected animals.

For years Boonchai and the Bach family are believed to operated with impunity from Nakhon Phanom in northeast Thailand, bordering Laos -- linchpin players in a multi-million-dollar trade in illegal wildlife.

The town is a pivot point in Asia's wildlife trafficking chain, in part because it is the narrowest neck of land for smuggled goods to transit through Thailand, into Laos and onto Vietnam, a major market for animal parts used in traditional medicine.

Freeland, a counter-trafficking organisation which works closely with Thai police, said the Bach family are part of a sprawling Southeast Asian crime organisation dubbed "Hydra".

The Bachs have "long run the international supply chain of illicit wildlife from Asia and Africa to major dealers in Laos, Vietnam and China," Freeland said in statement following the announcement of Boonchai's arrest.

They are believed to work alongside Vixay Keosavang, a Laotian dubbed "the Pablo Escobar of animal trafficking", who orchestrates a major wildlife trafficking ring from the Communist state, bribing officials to allow him to operate.

Laos has long been a top transit hub for smuggling wildlife products, with widespread corruption and weak law enforcement allowing the criminal activity to flourish.

China and Vietnam are among the world's biggest markets for parts from endangered or protected species including tigers, elephants, rhino and pangolins.

The traditional medicine market flourishes despite the total lack of scientific evidence as to their efficacy and government campaigns to end the trade.

© 2018 AFP

question: Who was arrested by Thai police?

answer: Boonchai Bach

question: How old was Boonchai Bach?

answer: 40.

question: What was Boonchai Bach arrested for?

answer: Running a network that smuggled rhino horn.

question: Where did the rhino horn arrive from?

answer: Johannesburgh, South Africa

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Thai police arrested Boonchai Bach, who with his family ran an illegal smuggling ring for rhino horn after a Chinese man was caught immigrating into the country from Johannesburg. The family lives in a town bordering Laos and are a linchpin in the black market, especially the Chinese market for traditional medicine like rhino horn.


text:
LUCIFER is the name of two unrelated fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. One is an alien supervillain of the X-Men and the other is a villain of Ghost Rider and is referred to as the Prince of Darkness.

Publication history

The first Lucifer first appearance was in _The X-Men_ (Vol.1) #9 and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.[1] He is an agent of the Quists, an alien race who are also known as the Arcane.

Fictional character biography

Lucifer (Quists)

An alien, the being known as Lucifer was born on the planet Quistalium, in the Quistraa star system in the Milky Way Galaxy, who had invaded many worlds. He first came to Earth as an advance agent for the invasion of Earth by the Arcane (also known as the Quists), and succeeded in placing some humans under hypnotic control, allowing him to take control of a small area. This invasion, however, was foiled by the young Charles Xavier (later Professor X, leader of the X-Men). In retaliation, Lucifer dropped an enormous stone block on Xavier, leaving his legs paralyzed so that he would need a wheelchair.

Lucifer made several later attempts to conquer Earth, all foiled by the X-Men or other heroes, although one of his attempts did force the first X-Men team to confront the Avengers due to a misunderstanding.[2]

Lucifer returned to Earth years after paralyzing Xavier, and battled Professor Xavier once again in the Balkan Mountains, where he revealed a device attached to his heart would set off a bomb if he was killed.[3] Lucifer later manipulated the Blob and Unus into framing the X-Men as criminals. He revealed how he rendered Xavier a paraplegic years ago. He was thwarted by the X-Men who defeated his robot, and teleported from Earth by the Quistalian Supreme one for punishment.[4]

Lucifer was exiled to an alternate realm known as the “Nameless Dimension”. There, he somehow used “ionic energy” to give himself superhuman strength and the ability to project force beams from his hands, in addition to his apparently pre-existing telepathic powers. He continued to try conquering Earth by using his “dimensional transmitter” to imbue humans with ionic energy and turning them into his minions. He first “fused” with Charlie Gray, although Gray fought and defeated Lucifer.[5] Lucifer later fused simultaneously with criminal Rafe Michel and Aries of the Zodiac crime cartel. Michel and Aries fought Captain America and the Falcon. Lucifer became trapped in the “Nameless Dimension” again when both hosts died.[6] Lucifer's masters ultimately apparently “terminated” him for his failures, and replaced him with the computer Dominus.[7]

Lucifer (Prince of Darkness)

LUCIFER is a fictional character, a supervillain in Marvel Comics and mostly associated with Ghost Rider.

Lucifer possesses a vast array of powers. Deception, suggestion and manipulation are quite appealing to this creature, but he is not above tearing his opponents apart with his bare claws.

Lucifer has kept his true history mysterious throughout the years through deceit and deception. It is believed that he was once an angel who led other angels in banishing the N'Garai from Earth and led a group of followers in a rebellion against _God_ during the great war in Heaven, thus essentially representing the true “devil” in the Marvel Universe of Christian theology. Following his defeat, Lucifer and his lieutenants Beelzeboul, Kazann, Malachi, Pazuzu, Xaphan and others were all cast down to Hell as punishment. During this time, he became the demon known as the Prince of Lies, ruling a realm in Hell.[8]

In Hell, Lucifer looked nothing like the angel he once was. He and all of his Lieutenants had degenerated into demons; some through instruction, others adapted more naturally. But they had all over time changed into twisted creatures of evil.

A long battle has been fought between the demon Ghost Rider and the Prince of Lies.[9] Lucifer believed (as have others) that if he could extinguish the human soul that lives within the Ghost Rider, the latter could be made into a soulless killing machine that could be used to extinguish all humanity.[10] Later he introduces many more reasons to defeat Johnny Blaze. For years, Lucifer with the aid of the other Hell-lords had made many attempts on Ghost Rider's soul, but all have failed. Lucifer had decided to take matters into his own hands. Satan wanted to capitalize on this particular demon as well as to join in for his own purposes. But in the end Ghost Rider proved he was a very strong demon indeed.[11]

Lucifer is ultimately defeated by Blaze and exiled back to Perdition, and senses Zadkiel's apparent triumph over Heaven from Hell. However, after Zadkiel is unable to truly control Creation and the ultimate power that sparked it, the one true God returns in wrath and condemns the renegade archangel to Hell for all eternity, to be forever tortured by a pleased Lucifer.[12]

During a later storyline, Lucifer is able to escape from Hell by 'following' Ghost Rider during his latest escape from Hell, with the transition splintering Lucifer's soul into 666 fragments, which 'manifest' on Earth in the bodies of those who had recently died at the moment Ghost Rider crossed over,[13] with these including the latest Jack O'Lantern.[14] Lucifer would regain his full strength if he can arrange for his various hosts to be killed by others; he cannot commit suicide as this is a sin that would send him back to Hell, but as each Lucifer fragment dies, their strengths are transferred to the other hosts, until eventually the last few hosts will be so powerful only Ghost Rider can kill him, at which point the last 'living' Lucifer would serve as the final manifestation of Lucifer himself. Eventually, the Ghost Rider is able to 'kill' one Lucifer fragment by ramming a truck's gear-stick through its brain and breaking its spine,[15] leaving the fragment in a brain-damaged and paralysed state but biologically still alive, allowing Ghost Rider to defeat what Lucifer believes to be his final host because it is still at half-strength, the brain-dead final host being killed by Ghost Rider's ally Dixie- a trucker Blaze had befriended earlier- and the police.[16]

As the Chaos King launches his invasion of the divine and infernal realms associated with Earth at the start of the “Chaos War” storyline, the last surviving bastion of Creation, Lucifer, along with the other powers of Hell, confronts Mikaboshi, only to be defeated and consumed by the overwhelming might of his primordial darkness.[17]

Powers and abilities

The Quist version of Lucifer has a gifted intellect, and extensive knowledge of advanced Quistalian science and technology, and talent as an inventor using this technology. Lucifer has acquired the ability to manipulate ionic energy for various effects, including enhancing his physical strength and leaping ability to superhuman levels, creating protective force fields, and projecting powerful concussive bolts. Lucifer could also “fuse” his physical and mental “essence” with another sentient being. In doing so, Lucifer created a psychic link between himself and his “host.” The “host” retained his own will but was in constant psychic contact with Lucifer. The “fusion” endowed the host with some of Lucifer's superhuman powers for as long as the merger lasted. Lucifer could fuse with at least two hosts simultaneously. Lucifer also had limited telepathic abilities, and had the ability to create and maintain a psychic link with his host or hosts while fused with them. Lucifer used a ray gun firing unknown forms of destructive energy. He later made use of Dominus, a highly advanced computer complex created by the Arcane that could blanket a world with mind-deadening rays, enabling the Arcane to enslave its populace. Dominus was operated by “Ultra-robots,” which could fly and project destructive energy beams. Lucifer also used teleportation devices for transportation. All of this paraphernalia was designed by Lucifer himself and Quistalian scientists.

The demon version of Lucifer can create interdimensional portals, perform image projection, demonic possession, do mystical force blasts, illusion casting, shapeshifting, sizeshifting, matter manipulation, raising the dead, manipulating the dead, and regenerating the corpses of those he inhabits. Lucifer doesn't need to eat, drink, or sleep. He is also immune to aging and disease.

In other media

In the novel _Shadows of the Past_ by Michael Jan Friedman, the alien Lucifer is revealed to be alive, capturing Professor X and replacing him with an ionic energy duplicate, the duplicate possessing the real Xavier's memories and powers while nevertheless unquestionably loyal to Lucifer. In the process, Luficer also traps Xavier in the Nameless Dimension with him, the Nameless Dimension being depicted as a featureless realm filled with a thick liquid-like substance that Lucifer and Xavier can 'breathe' as though they are still inhaling oxygen. Using the original X-Men as his agents to satisfy Lucifer's twisted sense of irony - and also due to his limited ability to create truly effective ionic constructs; the duplicate Xavier was only his third construct shown, and the other two lacked any kind of initiative, only defeating Iceman and the Professor when capturing Xavier through raw power and their immunity to telepathy - the duplicate Professor X dispatched the X-Men to acquire three components from Quistalian outposts around the globe. The duplicate Xavier intends to use these components to alter the machine that had sent the Professor into the Nameless Dimension so that it could be used to allow Lucifer to return to Earth, the duplicate claiming to the X-Men that he could use those components to devise a machine to protect Earth from future Quistalian invasion. Fortunately, although the dimensional distance prevented the Professor from telepathically contacting his students directly - although he could penetrate the dimensional barrier, his weakened powers were subsequently unable to access the complex minds of his students - he was able to make contact with Jeffery Saunders, the mentally handicapped grandson of a recently deceased friend, whose mental state meant that Saunders lacked the conflicting thoughts that had prevented the Professor reaching the X-Men. Using Jeffrey's physically superior body - the young boy being an exceptional athlete despite his mental state - the Professor was able to alert the X-Men to the deception, thanks to Iceman (the only member of the team to see how the _real_ Professor treated Jeffrey, having accompanied the professor to the funeral of Jeffrey's grandfather before Lucifer abducted him) realizing that the duplicate was acting out-of-character in his dealings with Jeffrey. Using Jeffrey as his host, Xavier accompanied his X-Men when they departed to retrieve the final component, and was later able to defeat an ionic duplicate of Archangel - created after the original was injured and captured while they were investigating one of the facilities - that could have allowed Lucifer to use the newly modified portal to return to their dimension. Although Xavier was briefly tempted to destroy the machine when he thought that Lucifer might be able to reach the exit portal before him, Jeffrey was able to help him escape by 'sending' the Professor his own youthful energy back along their psychic link, giving Xavier the strength to beat Lucifer to the portal in a swimming race, the portal being deactivated just as Lucifer's hand attempted to emerge after Xavier. With Xavier's return, the machine is destroyed by Cyclops and the duplicate Professor X is found to have ceased to exist, leaving Lucifer to fume and plot his revenge in the Nameless Dimension once again.[18]

[1]

[2] _X-Men_ Vol. 1 #9

[3] _X-Men_ Vol. 1 #9

[4] _X-Men_ Vol. 1 #20–21

[5] _Iron Man_ #20

[6] _Captain America and the Falcon_ #177–178

[7] _West Coast Avengers_ Vol. 2 #24

[8] _Marvel Previews_ #7

[9] _Ghost Rider_ #2, 2006

[10] _Ghost Rider_ #4, 2006

[11] _Ghost Rider_ #5-12 2007

[12] _Ghost Riders: Heaven's On Fire_ #6 (March, 2010)

[13] _Ghost Rider_ vol.5 #6

[14] _Ghost Rider_ vol.5 #8

[15] _Ghost Rider_ vol.5 #14

[16] _Ghost Rider_ vol.5 #19

[17] _Chaos War: Chaos King_

[18] _Shadow of the Past_ novel

title: Lucifer (Marvel Comics)

question: What does the text say about the Quist version of Lucifer's connection between himself and his host?

answer: According to the story, the Quist version of Lucifer could fuse his physical and mental "essence" with another conscious being. He creates a psychic link between himself and the "host" (the conscious being). The host will still retain his will but would be in constant psychic contact with Lucifer. And as long as Lucifer fused his powers with the host, the host would be endowed with some of Lucifer's superhuman powers.

question: Briefly describe the Quist version of Lucifer.

answer: Lucifer is an alien born in Quistalium, a planet in the Quistraa star system in the Milky Way Galaxy. Lucifer had invaded several worlds and came to earth as an advanced agent to invade the planet by the Arcane (Quists). He succeeded in hypnotizing some humans, which allowed him to control a small area. However, Charles Xavier, leader of the X-Men, thwarted his invasion, and Lucifer retaliated by dropping a large stone block on his leg, crippling him. Nevertheless, all Lucifer's attempts to conquer earth were hindered by the X-Men or other heroes.

question: Which of the two Marvel Comic's Lucifer characters is considered a more powerful villain?


text:
_Club Penguin_ is shutting down for good. Disney, which owns the long-running franchise, confirmed the news today.

On Tuesday, dozens of employees at the game’s Kelowna, British Columbia studio were informed that _Club Penguin Island_, the mobile continuation of the long-running browser-based children’s MMO _Club Penguin_, is shutting down and they would be let go.

“There aren’t many opportunities in a city like Kelowna, so most of us will have to move our families if we want to pursue games. It’s a huge blow to all of us,” one former employee told _Kotaku_.

One common reaction may be, “Wasn’t _Club Penguin_ already dead?” Well, sort of. In early 2017, the 13-year-old browser-based MMO, _Club Penguin_, shut down. Just 10 years earlier, Disney had purchased it for up to $700 million when it was a poppin’ spot for kids to hang out, chat and get massively trolled by bored adults. As time went on, the game’s playerbase appeared to fall off. Before _Club Penguin_ shuttered in 2017, fans celebrated and mourned the place where they whiled away their childhoods by racing to see how fast they could get banned, tipping an apparently untippable iceberg and, of course, drawing penguin fan art. _C’est la vie, manchot._

Just one day after that _Club Penguin_ shut down, Disney Canada launched the mobile successor _Club Penguin Island_. It received mixed reviews.

G/O Media may get a commission

On Tuesday, employees at Disney Canada were informed that _Club Penguin Island_ was shutting down. A letter from Disney HR, which has been leaked to _Kotaku_, reads, “For several years now, we have been experiencing increasing global competition. We have explored many options to improve efficiency and reduce costs. These measures have succeeded to some extent. However, in order to reduce costs further and become more competitive, we find that we must reduce our workforce.”

Employees apparently will receive about one month of severance and benefits, the letter suggests.

One former employee, who is anonymous for fear of retribution, told _Kotaku_ that he felt “blindsided” by the news. Although employees working on the game knew Club Penguin Island wasn’t doing well, he said, the studio had been pitching other projects. “We were told three weeks ago that we’d been green-lit and would have jobs for at least 2 years while we built and launched a new product! The whole studio was basically popping champagne, only to have that pulled out from under us by someone way up the chain at Disney,” he said.

Disney declined to respond to _Kotaku_’s requests for comment on the record, but posted a blog postafterward: “There’s no easy way to say this but after 13 incredible years, _Club Penguin_ will be sunsetting at the end of this year. We’ll be providing players with all the necessary information in the coming weeks via in-game messages and updates here on Island News.” Disney added, “When we replaced the original _Club Penguin_ game a year and a half ago, we always strived to make _Club Penguin Island_ the best mobile successor to the original game. From day one of development, _Club Penguin Island_ has been a true passion project for everyone here at Disney but, the time has come for the party to end.”

question: Why was Club Penguin shut down?

answer: It appears they weren't doing well.

question: In what year was club penguin bought by Disney?

answer: 2007.

question: Why did Club Penguin Island receive mixed reviews?

answer: That information is not known.

question: What will become of the staff relieved of their jobs when they thought they had at least 2 years of work?

answer: It appears some of them might move their families to another city to pursue similar jobs because of the lack of opportunities in Kelowna.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this article, Disney's Club Penguin shut down in 2017. The mobile successor and replacement to the original game called Club Penguin Island also got shut down. The company laid off staff even though they thought they had up to two years of job security, and it appears the affected staff received one-month severance and benefits packages. Some of the affected staff looking for similar job opportunities may have been forced to move their families to another city for other opportunities not offered in Kelowna.


text:
The 1912 OAKLAND OAKS SEASON was the tenth season in the history of the Oakland Oaks baseball team. The team compiled a 120–83 record and won its first Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant.[1] Bud Sharpe was the team's player-manager. [Gus Hetling presented with Chalmers automobile as PCL Most Valuable Player]

The Oaks won the pennant by one game over the Vernon Tigers. On October 27, the final day of the season, the Oaks clinched the pennant by sweeping a double-header against the Los Angeles Angels, a morning game at Freeman's Park in Oakland and an afternoon game at Recreation Park in San Francisco.[2] For those unable to attend the games, Oakland's Broadway Theater showed films of both games on the following day.[3]

Third baseman Gus Hetling was voted the most valuable player in the PCL. The team also drew strength from its pitching staff. Harry Ables led the PCL with 25 wins and 303 strikeouts, and Jack Killilay led the league with a .789 winning percentage. Second baseman Bill Leard led the league with 80 stolen bases.

Management

At the end of the 1911 season, Harry Wolverton resigned as the manager of the Oakes. Bud Sharpe, a veteran ballplayer and Pennsylvania native, was hired as the Oaks' player-manager in December 1911.[4] The Oaks had finished in third place in 1911, but under Sharpe's leadership, the team opened the season 13–2, including a 12-game winning streak.[5] Sharpe was also the team's starting first baseman. He appeared in 101 games, compiled a .300 batting average, and stole 30 bases.[6] Among first basemen with at least 60 games at the position, his fielding percentage of .989 was the best in the PCL.[7]

Sharpe was in ill health in the final weeks of the season. He credited catcher and team captain Carl Mitze as having been “the real manager of the team” in the final weeks. Sharpe left Oakland on October 29 and did not return as the team's manager in 1913.[8] Mitze was appointed as player-manager for the 1913 season.[9]

Pitching

[Harry Ables] [Bill Malarkey] Harry Ables, a Texas native, appeared in 45 games and compiled a 25–18 record with a 2.40 earned run average (ERA). His 25 wins tied for the most in the league. He also led the PCL with 303 strikeouts.[10][11]

Bill Malarkey, an Illinois native, appeared in 40 games and compiled a 20–11 record and led the team with a 2.14 ERA. He struck out 185 batters.[12][13]

Jack Killilay, a Kansas native, appeared in 20 games and compiled a 15–4 record with 107 strikeouts and a 2.55 ERA. His .789 winning percentage was the highest in the PCL.[14][15] At the end of the season, _The San Francisco Call_ declared Killilay “easily the leading pitcher in the Pacific Coast league” whose “work on the mound was instrumental in winning the pennant.”[16]

Tyler Christian, a Mississippi native, appeared in 36 games, compiled a 16–10 record, and was among the best-fielding pitchers in the PCL with a .998 fielding percentage.[17]

Infielders

[Gus Hetling] John Tiedemann shared the first base spot with Sharpe, appearing in 119 games at the position and compiling a .287 batting average and .988 fielding percentage.[18][19]

Second baseman Bill Leard appeared in 181 games, led the Oaks with 122 runs scored, and led the league with 80 stolen bases.[20] He also defensive showed range with 537 assists (second most by a PCL second baseman), but committed 59 errors and had the lowest fielding percentage (.932) among the league's second basemen.[21]

Shortstop Al Cook appeared in 198 games and compiled a .248 batting average.[22] He led the league's shortstops with 87 errors and compiled the lowest fielding percentage (.914) among the group.[23]

Third baseman Gus Hetling appeared in 202 games and compiled a .297 batting average. He led the Oaks with 202 hits, scored 95 runs, and stole 33 bases.[24] He also led the PCL third basemen with 255 putouts, 410 assists, and 55 errors.[25] Hetling was voted the most valuable player in the PCL. He was presented with a 1913 Chalmers “36” automobile, valued at $2,100 and billed as “the most valuable trophy ever given on the west coast for an athletic event.”[26]

Catcher Carl Mitze appeared in 141 games and compiled a .228 batting average. Defensively, he led the league's catchers in putouts (732), assists (205), and fielding percentage (.984).[27]

Outfielders

Left fielder Clare Patterson appeared in 138 games and led the team with a .305 batting average. Izzy Hoffman shared left field, appearing in 103 games and compiling a .255 batting average.[28]

Center fielder Elmer Zacher appeared in 161 games, compiled a .277 batting average, and hit 11 home runs.[29]

Right fielder Bert Coy appeared in 184 games, compiled a .297 batting average, and led the team with 19 home runs and a .471 slugging percentage.[30] He was also one of the best defensive outfielders in the PCL with 35 assists and a .982 fielding percentage.[31]

1912 PCL standings

  Team                  W     L     Pct.   GB
  --------------------- ----- ----- ------ -----
  Oakland Oaks          120   83    .591   --
  Vernon Tigers         118   83    .587   1.0
  Los Angeles Angels    110   93    .542
  San Francisco Seals   89    115   .436
  Portland Beavers      85    100   .459
  Sacramento Sacts      73    121   .376

[32]

Statistics

Batting

_Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage; SB = Stolen bases_

  Pos      Player            G     AB    H     Avg.   HR   SLG    SB
  -------- ----------------- ----- ----- ----- ------ ---- ------ ----
  LF       Clare Patterson   138   515   157   .305   4    .404   30
  1B       Bud Sharpe        101   357   107   .300   1    .345   4
  3B       Gus Hetling       202   708   210   .297   2    .373   33
  RF       Bert Coy          184   639   190   .297   19   .471   25
  1B, RF   John Tiedemann    140   432   124   .287   8    .403   8
  CF       Elmer Zacher      161   642   178   .277   11   .386   21
  LF       Izzy Hoffman      103   384   98    .255   2    .359   21
  SS       Al Cook           198   743   179   .241   6    .316   21
  2B       Bill Leard        181   650   153   .235   0    .271   80
  C        Carl Mitze        141   434   99    .228   2    .281   8

[33][34]

Pitching

_Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts_

  Player            G    IP      W    L    PCT    ERA    SO
  ----------------- ---- ------- ---- ---- ------ ------ -----
  Harry Ables       45   363.0   25   18   .581   2.40   303
  Bill Malarkey     40   290.1   20   11   .645   2.14   185
  Howie Gregory     37   274.1   18   14   .563   2.53   98
  Tyler Christian   36   258.0   16   10   .615   3.14   70
  Jack Killilay     20   169.1   15   4    .789   2.55   106
  Cy Parkin         26   182.0   13   8    .619   2.72   68

[35][36]

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[14]

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[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

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[36]

title: 1912 Oakland Oaks season

question: Why did Carl Mitz have to be the real manager of the team in the final weeks of the season?

answer: Due to Sharpe's illness.


text:
MARA FACCIO is an economist and currently the Duke Realty Chair in Finance and Professor of Finance at the Krannert School of Management at Purdue University.[1]

She is a research associate at the NBER.[2] She is an associate editor of the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis[3] and the Journal of Corporate Finance.[4] and previously held editorial positions at Financial Management and the Review of Financial Studies.[5]

She won the 2015 William F. Sharpe Award for Scholarship in Financial Research for her paper “Taxes and Capital Structure” in the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.[6] In 2016, she won the referee of the year award from the Review of Corporate Finance Studies.[7]

Faccio started her career in 1999, as an Assistant Professor of Finance at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. She then moved to the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame in 2001, and after that the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University in 2003. In 2007, she became a full professor at Purdue University.[8]

Faccio earned a Laurea in Economics (in 1994) and Master in Accounting and Finance (in 1995) from the University of Pavia, a MPhil in Accounting and Finance from the City University Business School in London in 1997, and a Dottorato in Finance from the Università Cattolica in Milan in 1999.[9]

Research

Her research mainly focuses on corporate finance, banking, taxation and the political economy of corporate finance. Her works has been quoted over 18000 times according to google scholar.[10] She has published in the American Economic Review,[11][12] the Journal of Financial Economics[13] and the Journal of Finance.[14]

Her research has been cited in the Washington Post,[15] The Atlantic,[16] Forbes[17] and The New York Times.[18][19]

Selected bibliography

-   Faccio, Mara (2006). “Politically Connected Firms”. American Economic Review. 96 (1): 369–386.
-   Faccio, Mara; Lang, Larry H. P (2002-09-01). “The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations”. Journal of Financial Economics. 65 (3): 365–395.
-   Faccio, Mara; Masulis, Ronald W.; McConnell, John J. (2006). “Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts”. The Journal of Finance. 61 (6): 2597–2635.
-   Faccio, Mara; Lang, Larry H. P; Young, Leslie (2001). “Dividends and Expropriation”. American Economic Review. 91 (1): 54–78.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]  Traffic crashes increased after Pokémon Go came out, researchers say|last=Kunkle|first=Fredrick|date=|website=Washington Post|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-05}}

[16]

[17]

[18]  Why Your Phone Service Is So Expensive|date=2018-07-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-04-05|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

[19]  How E.U.'s Google Fine Explains High Cellphone Costs in the U.S.|date=2018-07-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-04-05|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

title: Mara Faccio

question: What does the text say about the qualities that make a good economist?

question: What does the text say about Mara Faccio?

answer: Mara Faccio is an economist and current Finance Chairperson for Duke Realty. She is a Professor of Finance at the Krannert School of Management at Purdue University. Faccio is a research associate at the NBER. She is also an associate editor of the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis and the Journal of Corporate Finance.

question: What does the text say about Faccio's research?

answer: Faccio's research focuses on corporate finance, taxation, banking, and the political economy of corporate finance. She has published in the American Economic Review, the Journal of Financial Economics, and the Journal of Finance. Her research has been cited in the Washington Post, Forbes, The Atlantic, and The New York Times. According to Google Scholar, Faccio's works have been quoted over 18,000 times.

question: What does the text say about Faccio's early career?

answer: Faccio started her career in 1999 as an Assistant Professor of Finance at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. She moved to the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame in 2001, and the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University in 2003. Faccio became a full professor at Purdue University in 2007.


text:
“You’re like a needle. You make a good point,” she said to me.

I held my head low. I smiled. I stared across the table at her, eyes locked. She took a sip from her glass.

“Color me impressed,” she said.

The wild look in her eyes was unmistakable. She couldn’t get her hints across better if she screamed them.

“Want me to color you back at my place?” I said with a revealing smirk.

“I have crayons at mine.”

So we skipped the formalities, so to speak. And what a happy couple we became. For a new, young couple, these were exciting times. Exploring each other was all we could find interest in. She knew my favorite color, my favorite movie, my favorite book, my favorite sushi, my favorite cereal, my favorite drink, my favorite animal, my favorite sexual position, my favorite time of the day. For months, we were the object of each other’s full attention. Everyone knew how much we loved each other; it was just so plainly obvious. We knew stuff about each other. We knew everything.

Just a few weeks ago we took a canoe over to Flax Pond.

“Do you love me?” she asked.

“Yes. I bought you that necklace. I’m willing to spend so much money on you.”

“That’s sort of an inappropriate response, although it is a very pretty necklace. Say something to me that will make me have sex with you.”

“I love you.”

She ravaged me.

We also visited the park down the street at 11 o’clock at night. We were at the park at 11 PM. We were there, but nobody else was. Experiences at the park at 11 at night kept the proverbial candle of love lit. Of course, we were mature about it. We didn’t make too much noise.

We were inseparable. We loved each other. We understood each other’s twisted sexual sense of humor, the humor that made us so unique. We were such a unique couple, and we were made for each other. Our passion burned uniquely and brightly like explosions in the sky.

We soon broke up and never spoke with each other again. I met someone else and invited her out to dinner. She said she liked to write. I told her we should go back to my house after and have a little workshop session.

“That sounds like fun,” she said.

She took a sip from her glass.

title: [RO] Where I Was

question: Are the two in love?

answer: Yes.

question: Who are the major characters?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: Do they break up?

answer: Yes, they eventually break up.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
The narrator and the lady are lost in each other. They knew everything about one another. Everybody around them knew how much they were in love. They would visit parks late at night to keep the spark of love lit, like mature adults.

They eventually break up and the narrator meets someone else.


text:
The PLAINS RAT _(Pseudomys australis)_, also known as the PLAINS MOUSE, is a conilurine rodent native to arid and semi-arid Australia.[1] Referred to as the _pallyoora_ or _yarlie_ by Indigenous groups, the plains rat was once widely distributed across central Australia, including north-west New South Wales and south-west Queensland; however, habitat degradation due to grazing, introduced predators and drought have contributed to its decline.[2] Consequently, the plains rat has been listed as 'presumed extinct' in New South Wales and Victoria, 'endangered' in the Northern Territory and Queensland and 'vulnerable' in Western Australia and South Australia.[3] While recent research has indicated the presence of the plains rat in areas such as the Fowlers Gap and Strzelecki Desert regions of New South Wales[4] and within the Diamantina National Park in Queensland,[5] there are only five sub-populations currently recognised nationally, none of which coincide with recent discoveries of the plains rat.[6] As the current population trend of the plains rat has been listed as 'declining' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the IUCN conservation status for the species is 'vulnerable'.[7]

Taxonomy

The name _Pseudomys_ comes from the combined form of the Greek word _pseudes_ (meaning “false”) and the Latin word _mys_ (meaning “mouse”), presumably because of the plains rat's puzzling similarities and differences to “true mice” in the genus _mus_.[8] The name _australis_ comes from the Latin word _australis_ (meaning “south land”).[9] Thus, the name _Pseudomys australis_, first described by Grey in 1832,[10] means 'false mouse from the southern land'.[11] [FIGURE 1 The phylogeny of rodents of the Subfamily Murinae.] The taxonomy of Australian rodents remains controversial; however, it is commonly accepted that there are two major groups including the Australo-Papuan Old Endemics and the Australo-Papuan New Endemics[12] (FIGURE 1). The plains rat is considered an Australo-Papuan Old Endemic as DNA sequencing from fossilised evidence suggests that its ancestors first arrived in Australia between 4.2 and 5 million years ago, during the Pilocene era.[13] Old endemics, particularly the Family Muridae, are believed to have originated in Southern Asia[14] and then diversified through multiple rodent lineages.[15] Relationships between Australian members of the Order Rodentia suggest that a New Guinean lineage gave rise to the Australo-Papuan Old Endemics and thus the early ancestors of the plains rat.[16]

The plains rat is an Australian conilurine rodent of the Order Rodentia.[17] Within the Order Rodentia are two suborders: the Hystricognathi and the Sciurognathi.[18] The Suborder Sciurognathi comprises several groups; however, the largest group, the Family Muridae, is inclusive of the Subfamily Murinae and Genus _Pseudomys,_ of which the plains rat is classified.[19] Australian native rodents are composed of 13 genera, reflective of the habitats in which they occur.[20] _Pseudomys_ occupy the arid and semi-arid regions of Australia; however, fossil records suggest that the plains rat has occupied far more diverse habitats in the past,[21] contributing to difficulties in determining the differences between populations of the same species and different species within the Genus _Pseudomys_.[22] Thus, the species _P. australis_ now includes all specimens previously classified as _P. rowlinnae_, _P. minnie_ and _P. auritus_.[23]

Distribution and habitat

[FIGURE 2 The five primary extant populations of the plains rat as recognised by the 2012 National Recovery Plan.] The primary extant population of the plains rat can be divided into five broad geographic zones: 1) the Arcoona Tableland, SA; 2) the Southern Lake Eyre region, SA; 3) the Moon Plain region, SA; 4) the Oodnadatta region (including Witjira National Park), SA/NT; and, 5) the Andado Station and Mac Clark Conservation Reserve, NT[24] (FIGURE 2). These areas are characterised by access to boulders, small stones and gilgais (depressions and water soaks)[25] and are consistent with the plain rat's primary habitat type of stone-covered plains.[26]

Historically, the plains rat was widely distributed across a broad range of habitats including river flats, grasslands, sand ridges and lowland shrubs;[27] however, the current assumed distribution of the plains rat is limited to the gibber (stone-covered) plains (FIGURE 3) in central-northern South-Australia.[28] These areas are characterised by cracking clay, productive depressions and minor drainage lines which support low open scrublands and ephemeral grass or herb lands.[29] While an individual's home range is roughly 1.6 hectares, colonies may extend beyond their preferred habitat type in search of drought refuges, essentially increasing their home range.[30] These refuges are usually areas of higher shelter and food availability with more productive vegetation types.[31] Similarly, during times of high rainfall, populations displaced due to flood inundation may migrate temporaily into surrounding habitat types.[32] [FIGURE 3 Gibber country in Diamantina National Park, QLD, Australia. Photography by David Elliott (24/07/2015).]

Physical description

[FIGURE 4 Plains rat at Mac Clark (Acacia peuce) Conservation Reserve, NT, Australia. Photography by Tim Bawden (18/09/2017).]The plains rat has a stocky build of around 65 grams with long ears and a rounded muzzle and is grey to brown along its back with white or cream lining its underbelly[33] (FIGURE 4). Its combined head and body length is usually between 90 and 145 millimetres and its tail is roughly as long as its body.[34] During lactation, females can be observed dragging their young as they each latch to one of the four teats located on its underbelly.[35]

Behaviour and ecology

The plains rat constructs a complex system of shallow connected tunnels beneath the cracking clay of gibber plains, emerging only at night to feed on seeds, stems and arthropods.[36] The home range of an adult is roughly 1.6 hectares.[37] During non-breeding periods both sexes live together in colonies of up to 20 individuals; however, during breeding periods one male occupies a burrow with up to three females.[38] During breeding cycles males becoming increasingly agitated and both sexes are known to stand on their hind feet and squeal loudly when threatened.[39] Whilst breeding is not regularly seasonal, young is generally produced after sexual maturity is reached at 8–10 weeks and after a gestation period of 30–31 days.[40] Litter sizes usually consist of four young but up to seven young can be produced in one litter.[41]

The lifespan of the plains rat is generally two years; however, their survival often depends on resource availability.[42] Thus, during years of consecutively high rainfall, their lifespan can approach 4.5 years.[43][44] Similarly, during severe drought most will only survive one year.[45] [FIGURE 5 European red fox (Vulpes vulpes), a common predator of the plains rat. Lake Cargelligo, NSW, Australia. Photography by Harley Kingston (03/01/2012). |left]

Threats

Habitat degradation, introduced predators and drought collectively threaten the survival of the plains rat.[46] Habitat degradation mainly derives from introduced hoofed stock and land clearing.[47] Hoofed stock lessen vegetation cover, crush the seed bank and trample burrows while land clearing removes food sources vital to the survival of the plains rat.[48] Reduced vegetation cover and damaged burrows only makes it easier for introduced predators such as the European fox (_Vulpes vulpes_) (FIGURE 5) and feral cat (_Felis catus_) to excavate shallow burrows.[49] This can contribute to local extinctions, particularly when populations are already low during periods of drought.[50][51] Other potential threats to the plains rat include altered fire regimes, leading to increased intensity of bushfires; competition with the introduced house mouse (_Mus musculus_) and European rabbit (_Oryctolagus cuniculus_); and, climate change.[52][53] [FIGURE 6 Plains rat near Mount Dare Station, SA, Australia. Photography by Tim Bawden (07/09/2017).]

Conservation

The _Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012_[54] identifies three main conservation objectives for the plains rat. These objectives include: 1) managing threats in order to secure or increase the plain rat's overall population size; 2) maintaining viable sub-populations where the plains rat is known to occur; and, 3) identifying and protecting drought refugia.[55] The _2012 National Recovery Plan for the Plains Mouse_[56] encourages collaboration between communities, governments and industries to meet these conservation objectives in order to conserve the plains rat (FIGURE 6).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Moseby, K. (2012) “National Recovery Plan for the Plains Mouse Pseudomys australis”. Adelaide: Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources.

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

title: Plains rat

question: How is the Scientific name of the plains rat derived?

answer: The name pseudomys comes from the Greek word pseudos meaning false and the Latin word mus which means mouse. Australis comes from the Latin word meaning southern land. The article suggests that this name refers to the differences and similarities between plains rats and true mice.

question: What is causing the reduction in the population of plains rats in Australia?

answer: The introduction of hoofed stock and land clearing has degraded the habitat. Land clearing has removed the food sources of the plains rat and the hoofed animals crush the burrow where plains rats live. The reduction in vegetation makes it easier for non-indigenous predators such as feral cats and European foxes to find and catch plains rats. Bush fires and drought present further dangers to the plain's rats.


text:
BAYSWATER is an area within the City of Westminster in West London.[1] It is a built-up district located west-northwest of Charing Cross, bordering the north of Kensington Gardens and having a population density of 17,500 per square kilometre. It is between Paddington and north-west, and Notting Hill to the east.

Bayswater is one of London's most cosmopolitan areas: a diverse local population is augmented by a high concentration of hotels. In addition to the English, there are many other nationalities. Notable ethnic groups include Greeks, French, Americans, Brazilians, Italians, Irish, Arabs, and many others.

The streets and garden squares are lined with Victorian stucco terraces, mostly now subdivided into flats and boarding houses. Properties range from apartments to small studio flats. There are also purpose-built apartment blocks dating from the inter-war period as well as more recent developments, and a large council estate, the 650-flat Hallfield Estate, designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and now largely sold off.

Queensway and Westbourne Grove are its busiest high streets, both having many international ethnic-cuisine restaurants.

History

The land now called Bayswater belonged to the Abbey of Westminster when the Domesday Book was compiled; the most considerable tenant under the abbot was Bainiardus, probably the same Norman associate of the Conqueror who gave his name to Baynard's Castle. The descent of the land held by him cannot be clearly traced: but his name long remained attached to part of it; and, as late as the year 1653, a parliamentary grant of the Abbey or Chapter lands describes “the common field at Paddington” as being “near a place commonly called Baynard's Watering.”

In 1720, the lands of the Dean and Chapter are described to be the occupation of Alexander Bond, of Bear's Watering, in the same parish of Paddington. It may therefore fairly be concluded that this portion of ground, always remarkable for its springs of excellent water, once supplied water to Baynard, his household, or his cattle; that the memory of his name was preserved in the neighbourhood for six centuries; and that his watering-place now takes the abbreviated name Bayswater.

Notable residents

-   Damon Albarn
-   Brett Anderson
-   Mike Atherton
-   J. M. Barrie, playwright and novelist, and his wife, Mary, lived at 100 Bayswater Road.
-   Tony Blair
-   Winston Churchill
-   Richard Cobden, lived on Westbourne Terrace[2][3]
-   A. J. Cronin
-   Umaru Dikko, former Nigerian minister of transportation
-   Tim Dry has lived in Bayswater since the early 1980s.
-   Ade Edmondson
-   Roger C. Field, inventor and designer whose first home was flat D, 15 Cleveland Square
-   Alexander Fleming
-   Mariella Frostrup
-   Ferdinand de Géramb
-   Reginald Gray, Irish artist, lived with his wife Catherine at 105a Queensway from 1958 to 1963.
-   J. B. Gunn, physicist, lived with his mother, the Freudian psychoanalyst L. F. Gunn/Grey-Clarke, at 14 Durham Terrace, in the 1940s
-   Francis Guthrie, whose observations led to the Four color theorem[4]
-   Alice Hart-Davis
-   Paul Johnson (writer)
-   Dylan Jones
-   Jonathan King
-   Keira Knightley
-   Guglielmo Marconi, the pioneer of wireless communication, lived at 71 Hereford Road between 1896 and 1897 with his mother upon arrival in England (marked by a blue plaque).
-   Rik Mayall
-   Stella McCartney
-   Dermot O'Leary
-   Irfan Orga, exile and writer, lived at 29, 35 and 21 Inverness Terrace from 1942 until the mid-fifties, publishing his memoirs _Portrait of a Turkish Family_ in 1950.
-   Ilyich Ramírez Sánchez, terrorist known as Carlos the Jackal
-   Jennifer Saunders
-   Paul Simonon
-   Sting occupied a basement flat at 28A Leinster Square in the late seventies during the formative years of The Police. Trudie Styler, now his wife, lived in a basement flat two doors down.[5]
-   Georgina Castle Smith (pseudonym Brenda), children's writer born and bred in Bayswater[6]
-   Luigi Sturzo, Catholic priest and politician, and one of the fathers of Christian democracy and a founder of the Italian People's Party (1919)
-   John Tenniel, artist and cartoonist, was born at 22 Gloucester Place, New Road, Bayswater on 28 February 1820.[7]

Local politics

The Bayswater area elects a total of six councillors to Westminster City Council, three each from the eponymous Bayswater Ward,[8] and from Lancaster Gate Ward.[9]

Following the 2018 Westminster City Council elections, five members belong to the Conservative Party and one to the Labour Party, with the Bayswater Ward being a split-party marginal and Lancaster Gate being a fully Conservative-held ward.

Education

Nearest places

-   Paddington
-   Notting Hill
-   St John's Wood
-   Knightsbridge
-   Little Venice
-   Kensington

Nearest tube stations

[Bayswater station] The stations within the district are Bayswater and Queensway. Other nearby stations include Paddington (Bakerloo, Circle and District lines and Circle and Hammersmith & City lines),[10] Royal Oak (In Westbourne) and Lancaster Gate (To the east).

Places of interest

-   Kensington Gardens
-   St Sophia's Cathedral
-   The Mitre, Bayswater
-   Whiteleys Shopping Centre _under reconstruction_

References in fiction

-   In John le Carré's _The Spy Who Came in from the Cold_, Liz is a member of the Bayswater South Branch of the Communist Party.
-   In le Carré's _Smiley's People_, the retired Estonian general turned British spy, Vladimir, lives in a dingy flat on Westbourne Grove.
-   Many of the characters in Samuel Selvon's novel _The Lonely Londoners_ live in Bayswater.
-   The Alfred Hitchcock film _Frenzy_ was filmed in the area.
-   In Martin Amis's _Success_, the two main characters live together in a flat in Bayswater, which he calls 'the district of transients.'
-   In Oscar Wilde's _The Importance of Being Earnest_, Lady Bracknell indicates that the perambulator (carrying Jack, as a baby) was found “standing by itself in a remote corner of Bayswater”.
-   In Saki's short story “Cross Currents” (1909), Vanessa Pennington lives on a “Bayswater back street” but would have preferred “smarter surroundings.”
-   In Evelyn Waugh's novel _Brideshead Revisited_, Charles Ryder's father lives in Bayswater.
-   Whiteleys is frequently seen in film, e.g. _Love Actually_, _Closer_, and was referred to in _My Fair Lady_ as Eliza Doolittle is sent “to Whiteleys to be attired” in _Pygmalion_. It also has Princess Productions' studios on the top floor.
-   Scenes in _Alfie_ (1966) were filmed around Chepstow Road.
-   The main character in Iris Murdoch's novel _A Word Child_, Hilary Burde, has a “flatlet” near Bayswater Tube Station.
-   Scenes in _The Black Windmill_ refer to, and were filmed around, the area.
-   In the Italian comics series _Dylan Dog_ the main character lives in Craven Road.
-   Nick Jenkins meets Uncle Giles for tea at the Ufford Hotel, “riding at anchor on the sluggish Bayswater tide”, in _The Acceptance World_ (1955), volume three of _A Dance to the Music of Time_ by Anthony Powell.
-   Linda Stratmann's novel _The Poisonous Seed_ is set almost entirely in Victorian Bayswater.
-   In Lauren Willig's Pink Carnation Series, her character Eloise Kelly lives in Bayswater while writing her doctoral thesis.

[1]

[2] http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/morley-the-life-of-richard-cobden

[3] http://www.artwarefineart.com/gallery/portrait-richard-cobden-mp-1804-1865

[4]

[5]  _observer.guardian.co.uk_

[6] Charlotte Mitchell: Smith, Georgina Castle... _Oxford Dictionary of National Biography_ (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004/2008) Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[7] L. Perry Curtis jun., “Tenniel, Sir John (1820–1914)” Retrieved 25 February 2014, pay-walled.

[8]

[9]

[10]

title: Bayswater

question: What does the text say about transit?

answer: The text mentions that there are two tube stations within the Bayswater area, Bayswater and Queensway. Other stations that are near the area include Paddington, Royal Oak, and Lancaster Gate.

question: What does the text say about the Bayswater area's notable residents who were writers?

answer: Bayswater has had several writers as notable residents. Georgian Castle Smith (pseudonym Brenda) was a children's writer born and bred in Bayswater. From 1942 until the mid 1950s, Irfan Orga, exile and writer, lived in Bayswater and published his memoirs Portrait of a Turkish Family. J.M. Barrie, a playwright and novelist, also lived in Bayswater with his wife Mary. Paul Johnson was another notable writer who lived there.

question: What does the text say about the appearance of Bayswater?

answer: Bayswater's streets and garden squares are lined with Victorian stucco terraces which are now mostly subdivided into flats and boarding houses. The properties range from apartments to small studio flats. There are purpose-built apartment blocks dating from the inter-war period and more recent developments, and a large council estate, the Hallfield Estate. There are also a high concentration of hotels, which helps make it one of London's most cosmopolitan areas. Additionally, Queensway and Westbourne Grove have many international ethnic-cuisine restaurants which make these streets busy.

question: What does the text say about Bayswater in 2020?


text:
Vancouver and Toronto ranked as the unhappiest cities in Canada, according to a recent study from UBC’s Vancouver School of Economics and McGill University.

Researchers looked at life satisfaction across over 1,200 communities across the country and found that people living in cities reported being less happier than those living in rural communities.

Trending Stories

Vancouver and Toronto were virtually tied for the bottom spot among all 98 Census Metropolitan Areas and Economic Regions.

The study is based on data from Statistics Canada’s Canadian Community Health Surveys and the General Social Survey with over 400,000 respondents.

Researchers say the key happiness question asks people how satisfied they are with their lives as a whole on a scale of one to 10 where zero means extremely dissatisfied and 10 means extremely satisfied.

John Helliwell, professor emeritus and one of the researchers says one way of looking at what makes a happier community is to see what distinguishes the 20 happiest per cent of communities from the least happy 20 per cent.

Helliwell says the biggest difference between the happiest and least happy communities is how much of a sense of belonging people feel towards their community."Trust, involvement and a chance to join with others engaged in improving lives are all connected, with each adding happiness."

He says average incomes and unemployment rates were not a factor in the study but happier communities have lower commute times, and fewer people spending more than 30 per cent on housing.

Researchers say the findings indicate that planners and neighbours need to create times and spaces for these connections to flourish in order to improve happiness in cities.

READ THE FULL PAPER— “How happy are your neighbours? Variation in life satisfaction among 1,200 Canadian neighbourhoods and communities,” by John Helliwell, Hugh Shiplett and Christopher Barrington-Leigh.

question: What is the information in this article based on?

answer: The information regarding the happiness of various regions of Canada comes from a paper written by John Helliwell, Hugh Shiplett and Christopher Barrington-Leigh.

question: What conclusion does the article come to?

answer: There isnät one on its own, however it is suggested that happiness is based on the level of community we feel we are connected to.

question: Who is John Helliwell?

answer: He is a professor and author of a paper. (there is little other information in the article).

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: An article that gives a summary of the results of a survey showing levels of happiness in various regions of Canada, more specifically highlighting the lowest cities on the list (Vancouver and Toronto) and questioning why this might be.


text:
Andreas Christensen played the full ninety minutes for Chelsea in their surprise FA Cup defeat at the hands of Bradford on Saturday. He did well regardless of the result, as he did in the League Cup tie at Shrewsbury earlier this season.

Remarkably though, he was only the second academy player to start an FA Cup tie against an opponent from the third tier or below in the last ten years at Chelsea. Scott Sinclair was the other in a fixture against Huddersfield towards the start of that decade, but nobody else has had so much as a sniff of a look. Ben Sahar, Michael Woods and a few others have had cameo substitute appearances whilst your experienced youngsters like Robert Huth and Kurt Zouma have been involved having graduated/never been a part of the academy, but that’s your lot.

And perhaps quite rightly too, for few teams can claim to match Chelsea’s record in the competition during that period. The ends justify the means but the stark realisation of the ending of a run by a team 51 places below the Blues in the English pyramid begs more than a few questions about the structure of the first team squad and the futility of perhaps even having an academy at all.

Jose Mourinho has rotated his team most heavily for domestic cup ties this season. He did so at home to Bolton and away to Shrewsbury in the League Cup and again at home to Watford in the FA Cup before doing so again this past weekend. On each occasion he watched as his secondary options toiled to get the job done. The defence creaks more often without the guiding hand of John Terry. The midfield is wide open without the unfathomably long reach of Nemanja Matic, and the attack – quite understandably – is not nearly as potent without Eden Hazard or Diego Costa.

This despite considerable investment in each department. Zouma will some day make a terrific starting centre-back but his partnership with the out-of-sorts Gary Cahill is inconsistent at best. The midfield lacks defensive nous if both Mikel and Matic are absent (admittedly a rare occurrence) and further forward both Mohamed Salah and Andre Schurrle have struggled to contribute whilst Loic Remy simply hasn’t been given the opportunities to do so.

In the wake of scraping past Shrewsbury in October, Mourinho revealed his frustration with his squad options, noting that he expected them to “to raise the level to create problems” and, in the absence of any such impression, “it (was) easy to choose my team for Saturday”. Now, nobody’s ready to throw the baby out with the bath water and cast the strugglers aside but, three months later, the same issues persist.

If players aren’t good enough, they’re typically replaced. The logistics of change _en masse_ during the January transfer window are troublesome at best so it’s entirely understandable to hold off on it until the summer, when a new group can be assembled, but in the mean time a big question hovers over the situation.

If they’re not getting it done, do they need more first-team minutes to play themselves into form or should Mourinho turn to his well-stocked pool of prospects?

The former doesn’t seem especially forthcoming. Chelsea have rotated their first-choice team less often than any notable contender at the top of the Premier League and they have done superbly to manage the physical demands of the campaign on the most important players. Not nearly enough credit has been given to the coaching and medical department for what may yet prove the single-most important issue in the title race, but it hasn’t left much room for others to get a look in.

If they’re not going to get to play as often as is required, Mourinho runs the risk of below-par performances like the Bradford debacle. The short-term alternative is to entrust a handful of youngsters with more meaningful opportunities such as the one afforded to Christensen, but – even at their own apparent cost – this has never been likely, as the statistic of the last ten years we started out with shows.

Mikel’s premature departure from the fray with a head injury posed a conundrum for Mourinho as to how to cover his shielding presence in front of the back four. Amongst his substitutes he had Nathan Aké, Ruben Loftus-Cheek and Cesc Fabregas. Obviously and predictably he opted for the latter despite Aké being in the first team squad specifically to provide depth and cover in that role, but the Dutchman watched on in his winter coat as the axis of Fabregas and Ramires proceeded to help contribute to a most stunning collapse.

You might say he was erring on the safe and therefore correct side by opting for world-class experience over the inconsistency of youth, and by playing to win rather than to not lose he was being aggressive. You might also say he failed to recognise that neither player has impressed in a defensive capacity at any point in their Chelsea careers and that the usually pragmatic boss was caught out tactically as a result. Your perspective determines your view of the situation.

And what of Aké? Regularly praised for his attitude, his training and his displays when on the pitch by everyone that matters, he wasn’t trusted to get the job done against League One opposition. With absolutely no disrespect intended to what is a very good Bradford team, if he’s not going to play then, when exactly will he play?

Indeed, when will anyone? Debuts have come for six academy players in Mourinho’s second era but only Christensen has made a second appearance, and that came this weekend. Thirty-odd players flung far and wide across the globe are vying for attention from Eddie Newton and Steve Holland in the vein hope of getting into Mourinho’s group as the club appears firmly committed to the notion that prospects can only be properly evaluated around the age of 22 and with significant first-team football to their name elsewhere.

It’s all well and good using that as a baseline to appraise the readiness of your produce but what if it’s a method that has been proven almost a complete failure? Supporters of the theory will point out that scarce few of those who have come and gone are holding down a place at a club of Chelsea’s calibre and they’d be right, but it misses the point. Players go out hungry to experience the adult game and are desperately keen to impress. More often than not they do, but the pathway doesn’t exist upon their return.

They go out again, and often again and again. Each and every time they return to find the door shut, they lose a little motivation and their development stagnates just a little more. Expecting a youngster to overcome disappointment and strive even harder to succeed is one thing, but asking them to persist with it for five years of what will be a limited career is plainly unfair.

Ryan Bertrand is still a Chelsea player; he’ll be 26 at the start of next season. He took in seven loans before getting the most serious look of any Blues youngster of his era. He played in and won a Champions League Final. He added versatility and consistency to the squad without ever looking exceptionally good or bad. He won England caps. And still he watched on as a cool £20m was spent on Filipe Luis in the summer, effectively ending his Chelsea career.

If he didn’t stand a chance throughout his mid-twenties despite answering near enough every question asked of him, who does? The standard required at Chelsea is as high as anywhere in the world and there can be no doubt that the utmost demands must be made of potential squad players, but if you don’t give them the chances, will you ever truly know or are you playing the percentages knowing that there’s an expensive safety net of a signing around the corner if needed?

Would Chelsea still be in the FA Cup if Aké had been preferred to Fabregas and kept the defence protected? Would they have scored more goals if Jeremie Boga were selected ahead of Salah? The answers to those questions aren’t important but the bigger picture certainly is. Chelsea have spent most of the last two years atop both Under-18 and Under-21 tables domestically whilst performing as well as anyone in continental competition at every relevant age level.

Those on loan have contributed to all manner of successes from the Champions League Final all the way down to the Isthmian Premier League playoffs and in excess of 120 goals last season, with nearly 50 this. The majority of them answer the call at every turn and the picture never changes. Perhaps it shouldn’t either; with the resources available and the talent able to be procured for immediate return, and the very visible demands of the job, it’s easy to go out and replenish the squad in weak areas like that. It’s easy and so everybody does it.

Youth development isn’t easy; it never is. It’s easy to talk a good game and say that blame can be directly attributed if a Baker, a Brown or a Loftus-Cheek never make it to international football. It’s easy not to care about that when looking back on the most successful managerial career of a generation. It’s a lot harder to put your trust and your job security in a project and wait for it to come to fruition, even if you’re working with the finest available resources of their type.

The proof will ultimately be in the pudding and it certainly won’t come overnight, but the historical signs do not point towards a happy ending to this story. There were two Chelsea academy graduates celebrating on the Stamford Bridge pitch at full time on Saturday but they were both clad in purple and amber. Billy Knott and Filipe Morais are just two of hundreds who had to adjust their dreams after moving on from academy football and at least they got their day in the sun, albeit in unlikely circumstances. How many others will have to settle for that instead of _the_ dream?

question: What does the text say about the World Cup?

question: What does the text say about Andreas Christensen?

answer: Andreas Christensen is only the second Chelsea Academy player to start an FA Cup tie against an opponent from the third tier or below in the last ten years at Chelsea. He played the full ninety minutes for the club in their surprise FA Cup defeat at the hands of Bradford. Christensen did well regardless of the result, just like he did in the League Cup tie at Shrewsbury earlier in the season. He was one of the few academy youngsters who was afforded meaningful minutes and the only one in Mourinho's era who has made a second appearance.