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text:
Stanislav Petrov, a lieutenant-colonel in the military intelligence section of the Soviet Union's secret service, reluctantly eased himself into the commander's seat in the underground early warning bunker south of Moscow.

It should have been his night off but another officer had gone sick and he had been summoned at the last minute.

Before him were screens showing photographs of underground missile silos in the Midwest prairies of America, relayed from spy satellites in the sky.

He and his men watched and listened on headphones for any sign of movement - anything unusual that might suggest the U.S. was launching a nuclear attack.

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[]

This was the height of the Cold War between the USSR and the U.S. Both sides packed a formidable punch - hundreds of rockets and thousands of nuclear warheads capable of reducing the other to rubble.

It was a game of nerves, of bluff and counterbluff. Who would fire first? Would the other have the chance to retaliate?

The flying time of an inter-continental ballistic missile, from the U.S. to the USSR, and vice-versa, was around 12 minutes. If the Cold War were ever to go 'hot', seconds could make the difference between life and death.

Everything would hinge on snap decisions. For now, though, as far as Petrov was concerned, more hinged on just getting through another boring night in which nothing ever happened.

Except then, suddenly, it did. A warning light flashed up, screaming red letters on a white background - 'LAUNCH. LAUNCH'. Deafening sirens wailed. The computer was telling him that the U.S. had just gone to war.

The blood drained from his face. He broke out in a cold sweat. But he kept his nerve. The computer had detected missiles being fired but the hazy screens were showing nothing untoward at all, no tell-tale flash of an missile roaring out of its silo into the sky. Could this be a computer glitch rather than Armageddon?

Instead of calling an alert that within minutes would have had Soviet missiles launched in a retaliatory strike, Petrov decided to wait.

The warning light flashed again - a second missile was, apparently, in the air. And then a third. Now the computer had stepped up the warning: 'Missile attack imminent!'

But this did not make sense. The computer had supposedly detected three, no, now it was four, and then five rockets, but the numbers were still peculiarly small. It was a basic tenet of Cold War strategy that, if one side ever did make a preemptive strike, it would do so with a mass launch, an overwhelming force, not this dribble.

Petrov stuck to his common-sense reasoning. This had to be a mistake.

What if it wasn't? What if the holocaust the world had feared ever since the first nuclear bombs dropped on Japan in 1945, was actually happening before his very eyes - and he was doing nothing about it?

He would soon know. For the next ten minutes, Petrov sweated, counting down the missile time to Moscow. But there was no bright flash, no explosion 150 times greater than Hiroshima. Instead, the sirens stopped blaring and the warning lights went off.

The alert on September 26th, 1983 had been a false one. Later, it was discovered that what the satellite's sensors had picked up and interpreted as missiles in flight was nothing more than high-altitude clouds.

Petrov's cool head had saved the world.

He got little thanks. He was relieved of his duties, sidelined, then quietly pensioned off. His experience that night was an extreme embarrassment to the Soviet Union.

Petrov may have prevented allout nuclear war but at the cost of exposing the inadequacies of Moscow's much vaunted earlywarning shield.

Instead of feeling relieved, his masters in the Kremlin were more afraid than ever. They sank into a state of paranoia, fearful that in Washington, Ronald Reagan was planning a first-strike that would wipe them off the face of the earth.

The year was 1983 and - as a history documentary in a primetime slot on Channel 4 next weekend vividly shows - the next six weeks would be the most dangerous the world has ever experienced.

That the U. S. and the Soviet Union had been on the brink of world war in 1962, when John Kennedy and Nikita Krushchev went head-to-head over missiles in Cuba, is well known. Those events were played out in public. The 1983 crisis went on behind closed doors, in a world of spies and secrets.

A quarter of a century later, the gnarled old veterans of the KGB, the Soviet Union's secret service, and their smoother counterparts from the CIA, the U.S. equivalent, have come out from the shadows to reveal the full story of what happened. And a chilling one it is. From their different perspectives, they knew the seriousness of the situation.

'We were ready for the Third World War,' said Captain Viktor Tkachenko, who commanded a Soviet missile base at the time. 'If the U.S. started it.'

Robert Gates - then the CIA's deputy director of intelligence, later its head and now defence secretary in George Bush's government - recalled: 'We may have been on the brink of war and not known it.'

That year, 1983, the rest of the world was getting on with its business, unaware of the disaster it could be facing.

Margaret Thatcher won a second term as Prime Minister but her heir-apparent, Cecil Parkinson, had to resign after admitting fathering his secretary's love child. Two young firebrand socialists, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, were elected MPs for the first time.

Police were counting the dead bodies in serial killer Dennis Nilsen's North London flat, the Brinks-Mat bandits got away with £25million in gold bullion and 'Hitler's diary' was unearthed before being exposed as a forgery.

England's footballers failed to qualify for the European finals.

The song everyone was humming was Sting's Every Breath You Take - 'Every breath you take, every move you make, I'll be watching you.' It was unwittingly appropriate as that was precisely what, on the international stage, the Russians and Americans were doing.

On both sides there were new, more powerful and more efficient machines to deliver destruction. The Soviets had rolled out their SS-20s, missiles on mobile launch pads, easy to hide and almost impossible to detect.

Meanwhile, the Americans were moving Pershing II ballistic missiles into Western Europe, as a direct counter to a possible invasion by the armies of the Warsaw Pact (as the Soviet Union and its satellites behind the Iron Curtain were known).

They were also deploying ground-hugging cruise missiles, designed to get under radar defences without being detected.

Then Reagan, successor at the White House to Jimmy Carter, upped the ante in a provocative speech in which he denounced the Soviet Union as 'the Evil Empire'.

His belligerence rattled the new Soviet leader, Yuri Andropov, a hardline communist and former head of the KGB whose naturally suspicious nature was made worse by serious illness. For much of the ensuing crisis he was in a hospital bed hooked to a dialysis machine.

His belief that Reagan was up to something was reinforced when the President announced the start of his 'Star Wars' project - a system costing trillions of dollars to defend the U.S. from enemy ICBMs ( Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles) by shooting them down in space before they re-entered earth's atmosphere.

He saw this as an entirely defensive measure, but to the Russians it was aggressive in intent. They saw it as a threat to destroy their weapons one by one and leave the USSR defenceless.

Even more convinced of Washington's evil intentions, Andropov stepped up Operation RYAN, during which KGB agents around the world were instructed to send back any and every piece of information they could find that might add to the 'evidence' that the U.S. was planning a nuclear strike.

In the Soviet Union's London embassy, Oleg Gordievsky, a KGB officer masquerading as a diplomat, was ordered to watch out for signs of the British secretly stockpiling food, petrol and blood plasma.

In the KGB's Lubyanka headquarters, every small detail was chalked up on a board, filling it with words until the mountain of 'evidence' appeared overwhelming. But the problem was, as a U.S. observer noted, that the KGB, while strong on gathering information, was hopeless in analysing it.

In reality, what it was compiling was the dodgiest of all dossiers, in which the 'circle of intelligence' remained a dangerously closed one. Not for the last time in matters of war, the foolhardiness of fitting facts to a preconceived agenda were exposed.

East-West tension increased when an unauthorised aircraft flew into Soviet air space in the Bering Sea, ignoring all radio communications. Su-14 intercept fighters were scrambled to shoot it down in the belief that it was a U.S. spy plane.

It turned out to be a civilian flight of Korean Airlines, KA-007, that had strayed off course en route from Alaska to Seoul.

All 269 passengers and crew died. Reagan denounced the 'evil Empire' again, and Moscow detected once again the drumbeats of war.

AND THEN came the event that nearly triggered catastrophe. On November 2, 1983, Nato - the U.S.-led alliance of western forces - began a routine ten-day exercise codenamed Operation Able Archer to test its military communications in the event of war.

The 'narrative' of the exercise was a Soviet invasion with conventional weapons, which the West would be unable to stop.

Its climax would be a simulated release of nuclear missiles. Command posts and nuclear bases were on full alert, but, as the Soviets were repeatedly told, no actual weapons were involved.

The words 'EXERCISE ONLY' screamed out from every message. But the Soviet leadership, with its eye on Reagan's supposed recklessness, chose not to believe them. Andropov, in his sick bed, and his Kremlin advisers were gripped not just by current paranoias but by past ones.

They were the World War II generation, forever conscious of how Hitler had fooled Stalin and launched his savage Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union in 1940 under the pretext of an exercise.

In the war that followed, 25million Soviet citizens died and the Motherland came close to caving in. To allow history to repeat itself would be unforgivable.

Now, the Kremlin watched and listened in horror as the West went though this drill. Top priority 'flash telegrams' went to Gordievsky and others in KGB stations around the world demanding 'evidence' that this exercise was a disguise for a real nuclear first-strike.

In Washington, the effect that Able Archer was having on the Soviet leadership was completely missed. In fact, rather than winding up for a war, Reagan was doing the opposite.

At Camp David, the presidential retreat in Maryland, he had recently had a private screening of a made-fortelevision film called The Day After, which was a fictional reconstruction of the aftermath of nuclear war.

The former Hollywood cowboy was more affected by this than by any military briefings he might have had. The film predicted 150 million dead. In his diary he wrote: 'It left me greatly depressed. We have to do all we can to see there is never a nuclear war.'

The old war horse was changing course and soon he would begin to make overtures to Moscow that would lead to his first visit there, a building up of relationships and an easing of East-West tensions.

He very nearly did not get the chance. As Able Archer wound up to its climax, so too did the Kremlin's paranoia. In the Nato exercise, Western forces were on the brink of firing a theoretical salvo of 350 nuclear missiles.

In the Soviet Union, the military went on to their equivalent of the U.S. defence forces' DefCon 1, the final warning of an imminent attack and the last stage before pressing the button for an all to real massive retaliation.

On airfields, Soviet nuclear bomber pilots sat in their cockpits, engines turning, waiting for orders to fly. Three hundred ICBMs were prepared for firing and 75 mobile SS-20s hurriedly moved to hidden locations.

Surface ships of the Soviet navy dashed for cover, anchoring beneath cliffs in the Baltic, while its submarines with their arsenals of nuclear missiles slipped beneath the Arctic ice and cleared decks for action.

WHAT saved the situation were two spies, one on each side. Gordievsky, the KGB man in London, was really a double agent working for British Intelligence. He warned MI5 and the CIA that Able Archer had put Soviet leaders in a dangerous frame of mind.

It was the first inkling the West had had that the exercise was being viewed with such panic, and the Americans responded instantly by down-grading it. Reagan then made a very visible journey out of the country as a signal to the Soviets that he was otherwise engaged.

Meanwhile, an East German spy, Topaz - real name Rainer Rupp - had infiltrated the Nato hierarchy at a high level and was privy to many of its secrets, was asked by Moscow urgently to confirm that the West was about to go to war.

Deeply embedded Topaz would know for sure, and all he had to do was dial a certain number on his telephone to confirm his master's fears. His finger stayed off the buttons. His message back was that Nato was planning no such thing.

Moscow took a step back from the brink its own fevered imagination had created. At the same time, Able Archer reached its end, the simulation over, the personnel involved stood down. The date was November 11 - Armistice Day.

Only later did the West grasp how close the world had come to apocalypse. Reagan and his advisers were shocked, and more impetus was put behind finding ways to end the arms race with the Soviet Union.

The near-miss of 1983 has long been known by historians of the Cold War. But this documentary will bring it to a wider audience.

Today, the West's relations with post-communist Russia and its aggressive leader, Vladimir Putin, are strained. Bombers and spy planes nudge rival air space, testing nerves, just as they did in the early 1980s. The situation is ripe for misunderstandings.

Those events, 24 years ago, are also a reminder that, for all the concerns about global warning, mankind's greatest danger may still be its vast nuclear arsenals.

It has largely gone unnoticed that this year, with increasing fears of proliferation, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists moved its Doomsday Clock up to five minutes to midnight, closer to nuclear catastrophe than at almost any time since the phoney war of 1983.

_1983: The Brink Of Apocalypse is on Channel 4 on Saturday January 5, at_

_7.30pm._

question: What does the article say about the US during the Cold War?

answer: The US, and its President Ronald Reagan, was focused on defensive measures while denouncing the Warsaw Pact countries as "the Evil Empire." Their military drills simulating a Russian attack and the plans for defense against Soviet ICBMs were seen as aggressive attempts to rid the Union of its weapons, to leave it defenseless. At the time, Reagan's views about how to communicate against the Soviet Union changed after watching a documentary that predicted 150 million deaths should a nuclear war happen. The US, and other Western countries, learned about how close the Soviets came to unleashing missiles due to fear. This caused Reagan to seek ways to end the arms race with the Soviet Union.

question: What does the article say about the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

answer: The Soviet Union's leader was the former head of KGB Yuri Andropov, who was paranoid about a pre-emptive nuclear attack by the US. His and his advisors' fears were heightened after discovering the technical faults of their early warning system. These fears reached a peak when the western forces started a military exercise simulating a Russian attack, the Able Archer. The paranoia was fueled by the memories of an attack launched by Nazi Germany under the pretense of exercise. As the Able Archer drills took place, the Soviets came to the brink of releasing nuclear missiles. During that time, KGB agents were assembling a dossier containing whatever scant evidence they could find about an imminent nuclear attack by the US as well, mostly fitting what they saw to their fears.

question: What does the article say about the fascists?


text:
It was a long time ago, that dull sun fadin’ into the ground. Meltin’ away like sweat pourin’ down a horse’s neck. I can still see that red swallowin’ the orange blaze, pulling black along side it to bring up the stars. Like blood pourin’ from the sun. The sweet smell of the wind sometimes wafts by and fills my head with a burst of memory. An’ that lone figure shooting forward, springing up the dust and taking it with ‘im.
	It was hot that night. The breeze barely saved my skin from crispin’ in the air. The heat radiated from my arms. The red sun cast the dirt in bloody glow, people turned into shadows, then only black blurs as the sun sank deeper and deeper. A few lanterns flickered across the street, hangin’ silently on porches and open windows. The yellow flame fought with the darkness, tryin’ its mightiest to release some light into the open air.
	I sat my feet on the steps below, tuckin’ my legs under the heavy skirt swirled around me, and sat. As I rested my head against the wood poles lining the stairs, stars came eruptin’ from the sky. I stared up, watching with wonder as new ones appeared every second. I don’t know how long I sat there, silent and sweaty. The house behind me shared the quiet, like we had some sorta secret between us.  I closed my eyes and let the wind wash over me. It soaked through my skin, and then flitted away, taking the dirt and filth along with it.
	A creak shot out; I threw my eyes open and jumped. “Sawyer! Damn you, sneakin’ up on me!”
	Sawyer grinned at me from under the brim of his hat. His face was cast in deep shadows, etching lines into his. “It’s easy t’get lost in yer head out here. ‘Specially in this silence.” His thick twang rocked every word, makin’ them sound jumbled and hilly. Sawyer finished climbin’ up the steps and sat next to me with a thud. “How ya holdin’ up?”
	“Alright. First couple a’ nights were the roughest, but I thought’d it be like that,” I lied. “It’s the nights that are the worst, it bein’ so quiet.”
	I could feel Sawyer’s gaze piercing my skin. I couldn’t see his eyes, but I wondered if they looked just as weary as mine. “How ‘bout a little company t’night?” Sawyer said. I smiled at him.
	“Just sit here with me for a while.”
	“I can do that.” Sawyer reached up and pulled his hat off, setting it beside him. Then, disturbing the peace even more, he shuffled closer to me. I breathed in his familiar scent of hay and dust.
And we just sit there for a while. Who knows for how long. Long enough to see red fully melt away at the ends of the world and succumb to black. Long enough to hear each other breathin’ in the silence, only the wind and some crickets for chatter. Long enough for the silence to eat at me, tear away the shield I built while Sawyer was gone. Suddenly, I felt sick, I couldn’t stand it anymore. The quiet filled my ears and my brain and churned around and around until I couldn’t breath or hear or even think.
I turned to him, his dark eyes shadowed in the night. Long black hair littered his neck; it had a mind of its own, all tangled and sweaty. He was starin’ at me somethin’ serious. I could feel those eyes burning into my skin.
	“Its so hard, Sawyer. Every time I step through those doors, its like it never happened. I ‘spect to see or hear one of ‘em all the time. Then I have to remember wha’ happened and live through over agen.” The words just tumbled outta my mouth before I could stop ‘em. “I walk in to go talk to ‘im, jus’ ta hear his voice and I just can’t,” I said, my voice crackling like fire. My eyes started burnin’ and scratchin’. I dug my hands over ‘em trying to rub away the tears.
	Sawyer turned his head down, his hair cascadin’ down like a black waterfall. His hands rubbed back and forth, matchin’ my own hands’ rhythm as I pushed out the crying.
	“I wish I knew wha’ ta say to ya,” he whispered.
	“You don’ have to say anything,” I said. “Just listen.”
	Sawyer lifted his eyes toward the moon. It had come up and joined its brothers, and I hadn’t even noticed. The glow washed over us two, and the stairs, like we were angels sent from the heavens.
	He smiled dimly. “I can do that. What else?”
	I opened my mouth and the words just came, I didn’t even have ta think what I wanted to say. After three days of bein’ alone, I guess I had a lot of time ta prepare. “I don’t understand why it had to be them. Outta everyone in this damn town, why the two I needed?” My breath turned rough and ragged. “And damn them! Bein’ so stupid. Not even carin’ if I wanted to go with, er what I had to say about where they  ‘re goin’.” Rage shot through me then, more anger than I had ever felt. It surged through my veins, pumped my heart with hate. “Why’d they haveta leave? It’s not fair!” My voice raised higher and higher until it echoed across the land, bouncing off trees and shackled buildings. Then I was cryin’ more than I ever had before.
	It seemed to come from the bottom of my feet, my body shakin’ and rattlin’ like the house trembles in a thunderstorm. Coughs and groans and tears surged through me, streamin’ out and takin’ hold of my soul. My shoulders sagged when Sawyer threw his arm around mine and pulled me close. I bent my head and rested it on his chest, listenin’ to the faint pulse of his heart. His chest shuttered and quivered as mine did. He was cryin’, too.
	“I dunno, Peyton. I know it’s not fair, and I know it hurts like hell, but I dunno why it happened, and I dunno if its gone get better,” he said. “We jus gotta keep livin’ ‘cause that’s what they’d ‘spect us ta do. Maybe we jus’ learn to live with this and it don’t seem so bad in the end,” he rasped and whispered.
	We stopped talkin’, but it was anything but quiet. Our grief turned into hollow breaths and joltin’ sighs. The crickets joined with our clatter, an’ a wolf or two screamed in unison. Our grief rose up into a sad melody, our brothers and sisters merging their sweet sounds with our cries of hopelessness.
	With each shaky breath Sawyer pulled me closer. I tired buryin’ my head further into his chest as if tryin’ to sink into it and silence the noise. A hot desire trickled through my heart, the need for numbness. The pain kept pourin’ from us, both lonely and tired.
	Before Sawyer, it’d been three days since I spoke. I sat in the house, surrounded by empty noise and bare furniture. The walls sometimes closed into me, almost until I couldn’t breath. Then I’d remember and gasp for air like I’d been underwater. Eatin’ and drinkin’ were pointless. As soon as somethin’ touched my mouth, my stomach churned and spun in protest. Movin’ hurt; my knees and back groaned and creaked whenever I stood from my bed.
So I just sat there, sometimes layin’ down. Starin’ at the walls or ceilin’, not even thinkin’. That night Sawyer came was the first time I saw the stars without my brother sittin’ beside me. I didn’t hear my pa clankin’ his alcohol inside. I’d never again be able to close my eyes and know Robert was near just by inhaling his scent. Pa wouldn’t stumble out and drop next to us, drunk and sloppy. I’d miss his advice, which was somehow better when his mind was muddy with whisky.
	Those realizations slammed my chest. I sobbed even harder; not carin’ I wasn’t bein’ modest or whatnot next to Robert’s best friend. I was glad Sawyer came that night. He ached for my brother just as much as I did.
	We sat there until the wind picked up and sent a cool breeze whisperin’ past us. We both didn’t shiver or nothin’, simply clutched onto each other tighter. I guess we were tryin’ to grab some of each other’s strength or hope, or somethin’.
	And still the moon flickered with the stars. The dusty street across from us was unfilled and blank. Houses as dark as caves barely stood out from the sky. Down further on the street nothin’ moved, either. Silent and still was that little town. We were the only things crushin’ that peacefulness. Even the horses in back stayed quiet.
	I heard Sawyer’s heart beat slow and steady, and his rattlin’ calmed a bit. He breathed shakily. “I wish Robert were here.”
	Squeezin’ my eyes shut I nodded into his shirt. “Me too. He’d like them stars tonight,” I said.
	“Ya know it ain’t yer fault, Peyton? Them leavin’ an’ all. Ya know they had ta go and settle tha’ bus’ness without ya. Someone gotta tend to the horses and such, and that ways of travel ain’t fittin’ fer a lady.” I snapped my head up to glare at him and opened my mouth, furious. “I know you cen handle it. I’m jus’ sayin’ it ain’t fittin’ fer a lady to ride fer that sorta stuff, and yer Pa wanted ta mend his rep’tation a bit. He didn’ wanta get you or him in trouble anymore.”
	“What? What the hell’s wrong with his reputation?” Whatever I was expectin’, it wasn’t what Sawyer said.
	“Ya know, raisin’ ya two by hisself and drinkin’ all the time. Town’s noticed. He didn’t wan that to hurt yer chances. Besides, if ya woulda gone, ya woulda been shot, too.”
	I said, “But I woulda been with them.”
	“Think ‘bout what yer daddy and brother did fer ya when they were ‘round. They gave ya this house and them horses. Got money in the bank. Ya think they did all that ta have ya die for somethin’ so stupid?”
	“No.” Sawyer didn’t get it. “But then I wouldn’t be goin’ through this right now. An’ that would be better.”
	Sawyer sighed, defeted. “Damn right it would.”
	“Sawyer? I’m glad ya came here t’night.” I couldn’t see his face, but I knew he was smilin’.
	“Me, too. Don’ think I woulda made it another day ter be honest,” he said. A glow of light started shining over the horizon. Dawn was breakin’ through soon. Sawyer moved his arm and gently pulled my head away. “I think it’s ‘bout time we slept.”
	And I knew that I would, after three sleepless nights. “Me too.” So we both stood and stretched our hands to the heavens. My back bristled and cracked a bit. My eyes kept droopin’ closed, heavy from cryin’ all night. I perched on the last step of the porch, watching Sawyer. He was starin’ straight back, diggin’ holes through my eyes right down to my soul. Then he strode over and gently pressed his lips to mine.
	“You doin’ ok now?”
	If it wasn’t such a clear night I woulda sworn I got hit by lightnin’. My whole body buzzed, my hands tingled. I think I was flyin’. He turned then, a smirk slashed across his face. His boots struck the earth with sharp thuds and rattlins’.  Dust sprayed out from under him,, mist against the dull sky. A bit of red peaked over the land in the distance, a rose sproutin’ on the sun. It was a red sky night.
	“I’ll be doin’ fine,” I called after ‘im.

title: "Red Sky Night" based after the song with the same name by The Gaslight Anthem

question: What does the story say about the narrator's brother and father?

answer: The narrator lived with her father and brother, who had given her the house and the horses. The narrator loved them both, and her brother's presence would comfort her. She thought her father somehow gave better advice when drunk. They went to settle a business and got shot for their troubles. The narrator is grieving for them. She also seems to have survivor's guilt.

question: What does the text say about Sawyer?

answer: Sawyer is the narrator's brother's best friend. He comes to visit her three days after the death of her father and brother. They share the loss deeply, and his presence helps the narrator to let go of her sadness and anger. He helps her through her survivor's guilt, comforting her with a kiss before leaving.


text:
KENSINGTON HOUSE was an academy established by 1756 in Kensington, London, England. The school was operated by a variety of people until about 1813 or 1815.[1] After being operated as a Catholic boarding house from 1815 to 1825, it was the site of a private asylum beginning in 1830.

Kensington House was built along with Colby House, for Sir Thomas Colby, 1st Baronet. They were located off of Kensington High Street and near the main entrance to Kensington Palace,[2] across from Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens.[3] Now, mansions have been built on the two sites in the area called Kensington Court.[4]

Background

Sir Thomas Colby, 1st Baronet built Kensington House between 1688 and 1692. It was likely built in a double-pile (a central-passage house) layout with narrow late-17th-century type windows. It was occupied by Foot Onslow until about 1698.[5]

George Davenant, the son of Sir William Davenant, lived at Kensington House from 1699 to 1706 or later. An officer in the Royal Bodyguard, he was the ratepayer until 1710, when he died. At the time of Davenant's death, though, his residence was in St Martin-in-the Fields. The house was inhabited by the godmother of Davenant's son, Lady Susan Belasyse, Baroness Belasyse of Osgodby before 1710 and then it was inhabited at least three years by antiquarian John Bowack, until his death in 1713.[6]

William Lord Berkeley, a beneficiary of Baroness Belasyse's estate, inherited the house with the receipt of deeds in 1714 and 1716. In 1731, he sold it to Mary Edwards of Welham, Leicestershire for £4,000. Situated on more than three acres, the property included the house that had been enlarged, as well as a coach-house, stables, a summer house, a barn, a brewhouse, a greenhouse, and a water house. With the property was an enclosed ten-acre garden. The estate was owned by Edwards, who resided there, and her descendants for seventy years. From 1746 to 1755, Count Petr Grigorevich Chernyshev, the Russian Ambassador in London lived there with his wife and two daughters.[7]

Academy

The school was operated by James Elphinstone, a Scottish educationalist, from 1756 to March 1776, as a boys' school.[8][9] A school may have operated continuously from that time until 1802 when the property was sold by Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet, the grandson of Mary Edwards, to Thomas Wetherell of Hammersmith, London.[10]

[During his exile, Louis Philippe was a teacher of geography, history, mathematics and modern languages, at a boys' boarding school in Reichenau, Switzerland.] Prince Charles Victor de Broglio, a French émigré nobleman and cleric, leased the building for a French Jesuit school. The head of the academy, he operated to academy to cater to the children of French aristocrats that lived in London during the French Revolution. One of the ushers was the future King Louis Philippe I, son of Charles X of France, who visited the school on one occasion.[11] West Indian planters also sent their children to the school. Among students from the Caribbean were many of the children and grandchildren of Dorothy Thomas, including her daughter Dorothea Christina and granddaughter Henrietta Simon Sala.[12][13] Richard Lalor Sheil, the Irish politician and dramatist, attended the school from 1802 to 1804. In 1806, Rev. Monsieur de Theil took over the lease. Melchier Strickler then leased the building in 1813.[14][15]

Boarding house

Antonio Salterelli and his wife operated a Catholic boarding establishment, with a house chapel, from 1815 to 1825. Their visitors included the actress and author Elizabeth Inchbald, who lived there from 1819 until her death in August 1821. Inchbald had described Kensington House as “extremely genteel and cheerful, changing however too frequently for perfect cordiality and the formation of intimacy.” Artist Richard Cosway and his artist wife Maria Cosway lived there for several months.[16]

Asylum

From 1825 to 1830, the building had no tenant listed in the rate books, but was marked “as in private tenure”.[17] After sitting empty since 1825, the building became a private asylum in 1827[18] or 1830.[19] Treating nervous conditions and insanity, it was operated by William Finch of Madeley Villa.[20][21] In 1838, Richard Paternoster, a former civil servant in the East India Company, stayed 41 days in William Finch's asylum at Kensington House having been detained following a disagreement with his father over money.[22] James Hill (father of Octavia Hill) was a Wisbech corn merchant, banker, proprietor of the newspaper the _Star of the East_ and founder of the United Advancement Society. He had been declared bankrupt and had been committed to Kensington House Asylum. After his release in 1851 the Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society helped him sue the proprietor of Kensington House, Dr Francis Philps, for wrongful confinement but the case was unsuccessful.[23]

Grant House

Colby House and Kensington House were demolished in 1872 for the construction of a house for Albert Grant[24][25] that costs about £250,000. Due to financial difficulties, it was sold for just a little more than £10,000, and was demolished in 1883.[26] Although construction had been completed, it was never inhabited.[27]

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title: Kensington House (academy)

question: How was Kensington House transformed over the years?

answer: Kensington House was first established as a boys' school academy from 1756 to 1776. The school was then operated by a variety of people until about 1813 or 1815, when it became a Catholic boarding house until 1825. The building sat empty for a few years until it became a private asylum around 1830. In 1872, Kensington House was demolished for the construction of a house for Albert Grant.


text:
STANLEY JOHN DUDRICK (April 9, 1935 – January 18, 2020) was a surgeon who pioneered the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Early life and education

Dudrick was born in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania,[1] the grandson of Polish immigrants. His father was a coal miner and his mother a factory worker. At age seven he decided to become a doctor after seeing the care his mother received during a serious illness. He graduated Franklin and Marshall College in 1957. Graduating cum laude with a degreee in biology with honors, he was awarded the Williamson Medal, the highest honor for student achievement. His first research project, done in college, was growing tomato plants and studying the effects of magnesium doses in the soil.[2] In an interview, Dudrick stated:

  The entire ethos of Franklin & Marshall College infected me and transformed me from a kid from the coal regions to an avid would-be scholar. They just imbued in me the importance of knowledge, that nothing was more precious than to gain knowledge and then to pass it on to others.[3]

He received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.[4]

Career

As a surgical resident at the University of Pennsylvania, Dudrick realized that post-surgical malnutrition was a poorly recognized cause of death in patients who could not eat or absorb nutrients.[5] From 1964–1966, he worked with his mentor, Dr. Jonathon Rhoads, in developing TPN. After many hours in the lab at the swing balances, measuring the precise amount of each chemical required,[6] he was able to keep beagles alive for months with TPN, by-passing their digestive systems.[7] After showing the feasibility in lab animals, in 1967 he applied the technique to sick infants and then adults. Nutrition including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals were given directly into the circulatory system.[8] In the subsequent decades Dudrick continued making significant contributions to the field. His contribution to field of medicine has been compared to Joseph Lister and Alexander Fleming, among others. The Geisinger School of Medicine wrote:[9]

  The number of lives of children that have been saved is estimated at over 10 million, and the benefit to adults with a range of conditions is no less substantial. TPN is a lifesaving mainstay of therapy for a great proportion of the most critically ill patients in hospitals worldwide and amounts to one of the most significant developments in the history of surgery.[10]

He stayed at the University of Pennsylvania after finishing his residency, and became a full professor after only five years. He left in 1972 to become the founding chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.[11] He followed this up becoming chairman of surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, and then with professorships at Yale and Geisinger medical schools.[12]

He received over 100 national and international awards, including the American Surgical Association’s first Flance-Karl Award in 1997 for his seminal and lifetime scientific contributions to surgery; the American College of Surgeons Jacobsen Innovation Award in 2005;[13] named by Medscape in 2016 as one of the 50 most influential physicians in history; named a “Hero in Surgery” in 2014 by the American College of Surgeons, one of four people to have this distinction at that time;[14] the American Surgial Association's highest honor in 2009, the Medallion for Scientific Achievement. He served on the Franklin and Marshall Board of Trustees and was awarded an honorary doctorate from the college.[15]

Personal

In medical school he married Theresa Keen, and had six children.[16]

Stanley Dudrick died on January 18, 2020, in Eaton, New Hampshire, due to complications of ailments including kidney failure.[17]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]  ASPEN Mourns the Loss of its First President, Stanley J. Dudrick, MD, FACS|website=www.nutritioncare.org|access-date=2020-02-28}}

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

title: Stanley Dudrick

question: What does the article say about how total parenteral nutrition (TPN) works?

answer: TPN includes by-passing digestive systems. Nutritions are given directly into the circulatory system. It is used for patients who cannot eat or absorb nutrients.

question: What does the article say about Stanley Dudrick's education?

answer: Stanley Dudrick graduated biology from Franklin and Marshall College in 1957. He received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

question: What does the article say about Dudrick's sons?


text:
Toronto police are investigating an attack on an 11-year-old girl whose hijab was repeatedly cut on her way to school, heightening pressure on Canadian governments to take further action against attacks on Muslims [see footnote].

An assailant, in two attempts within 10 minutes, cut the girl’s hijab using scissors while she was walking to school with her brother on Friday, a Toronto police spokeswoman said.

“I felt confused, scared, terrified,” Khawlah Noman, who is in Grade 6, told reporters at her school on Friday.

“I screamed. The man just ran away. We followed this crowd of people to be safe. He came again. He continued cutting my hijab again.”

The Toronto district school board said it was “shocked” to hear about the assault which Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne called a “cowardly act of hatred” that did not represent the province. Police did not have anyone in custody.

The attack comes as Canada approaches the first anniversary of a deadly shooting in a Quebec City mosque that killed six people at prayer. A French-Canadian university student has been charged as the sole suspect.

Last month, a Quebec judge suspended a law banning people from wearing niqabs and other face coverings while giving or receiving public services.

Researchers have documented an increase in far-right extremist activity in Canada, much of it targeting Muslims.

A survey conducted last year by Ontario’s Human Rights Commission found that more people reported harbouring “very negative” feelings about Muslims than about any other group.

The National Council of Canadian Muslims has called on the federal government to declare 29 January, the day of the mosque shooting, a day of remembrance and action on Islamophobia. The government has not said whether it will do so.

• Note added 1 May 2018: Toronto police later said they had concluded that the attack had not happened.

question: What are Toronto police investigating?

answer: Toronto police are investigating an attack on an 11-year-old girl whose hijab was repeatedly cut on her way to school.

question: Who is Khawlah Norman?

answer: Khawlah is the 11-year-old girl who was assaulted by a man on her way to school.

question: The article indicates that "Researchers have documented an increase" in what?

answer: Researchers have documented an increase in far-right extremist activity in Canada, much of it targeting Muslims.

question: What does the Note added on May 1, 2018 indicate?

answer: The note indicates that the Toronto police say that the attack didn't happen.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The original story describes an attack on an 11-year-old girl walking to school in Toronto. She explained to police that a man twice approached her and cut her hijab with a scissors. Later, on May 1, 2018, the Toronto police say that the attack didn't happen.


text:
There are two kinds of people: drunks, and survivors of drunks. I am a survivor of drunks. I've never liked alcohol, not the taste and not the feeling. Makes me guilty. It's like poisoning your body with something that deliberately makes you feel gross, and purposefully causes you physical damage. I'll probably never drink again after tonight.

My friend decided to drag me out, even after I expressed my disinterest in drinking. She'd said "But you need to get out, you never go anywhere or do anything anymore." She's right. She didn't have me convinced until her reasoning shifted to a slight whine and she squeaked out "I miss you." Bingo. I was sold. What's one night; one drink? Maybe it'll be fun, I'd thought. I never thought to ask who the DD would be, I just knew it wasn't me.

We got all dolled up, she picked me up, and we headed to the bar. And by "all dolled up" I mean I brushed my hair and wore something other than sweatpants. The night was sort of fun, but I wasn't really there. I sat at the bar on one of the tall stools that, though well into my 20's, I still felt too young to be sitting on. My mind was anywhere but in that bar.

My mind was back home in bed with my penguin sheets and baby blue fuzzy blanket, watching The Office for the 6th time. I was approached by three different guys, but they all gave up as soon as they could tell I was in no way interested in leaving the bar with them. I guess sometimes your mind being elsewhere is as great a people repellent as it is a coping mechanism.

I don't drink much, so after one drink of some brightly colored alcohol I was sufficiently tipsy. I didn't want to drink more so I ordered some fries and mentally checked out for the night. No more fun for me. I zoned out and stared at the T.V hanging above the bar. No football; not in season I guess. I wouldn't know, that's not my style.

There was some infomercial for a big ole vacuum cleaner. The kind that's on wheels and is shaped like a barrel. It had a handy retractable tube that came out of the side, and the top opened to be cleaned out. Cool vacuum, but I wasn't quite sold. They'd have to try harder to make me think it was worth the two payments of $99.99.

"Come on!" I was suddenly being dragged off the barstool by my friends and the next thing I knew I was in the passenger's seat of a car that smelled like wet dog, garbage, and pot. Fun. Once I was able to focus in on what was happening, I realized that my friend had made friends. With two guys. "Oh, no. I don't- I'm not-" I started scrambling for any excuse to leave. I grabbed at the door handle but it was too dark to see and by the time my hand found it, we had started moving. "Relax, we're just gonna hang out." My friend tried to comfort me from the back seat. I sighed and slumped down in the seat.

Nobody even remembered to put their seatbelts on. When we realized that, it was already too late. I still remember Mr. Brightside playing on the radio before being jolted backwards and then sideways, glass shattering all around me. And suddenly we were tipping over in slow motion. I was upside down. Bits of glass got caught in my hair, and I imagined it all sparkly under the streetlights.

Time started moving again. I wiggled my toes and hands and made sure I could move. I don't remember crawling out through the broken window onto the street, but I did. I crawled away from the car as bystanders stopped and ran over to help, a few of them pulling out their phones to call 911. I tried to get to my feet but someone told me to stay down, and sat there with me until the ambulance arrived.

Me surviving was a total miracle. There's no reason I should be alive. I was the only one who survived the impact out of both cars in the collision. There are three kinds of people: drunks, survivors of drunks, and drunks that can't even survive themselves.

title: [RF] There are Two Kinds of People

question: Why does the narrator say they will never drink again?

answer: The narrator was in a car with drunk people driving and there was a collision and she was the only one who survived the crash.

question: How would you describe the narrator's personality?

answer: The narrator is an introvert who likes to stay at home and rarely ever goes out.

question: What does the narrator say is a people repellent and a coping mechanism?

answer: having your mind be elsewhere

question: In what classifications does the narrator categorize people at the end of the story?

answer: Three kinds of people: drunks, survivors of drunks, and drunks that can't even survive themselves

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is an introvert who describes a drinking night out with her friend, that lead to a car crash, in which she was the sole survivor. After that night, the narrator would never drink again.


text:
DELTA COUNTY is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,231. Going by a 2018 estimate, the population is 5,349.[1] Its county seat and largest city is Cooper.[2] The county was founded in 1870 and is named for its triangular shape,[3] much like the Greek letter delta.

Two forks of the Sulphur River form its northern and southern boundaries and meet at its easternmost point. Delta County was one of 19[4] prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas. , Delta county is no longer a dry county.

Delta County is represented in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Larry Phillips of Sherman, Texas.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (7.6%) is water.[5]

Major highways

-   [] State Highway 19
-   [] State Highway 24
-   [] State Highway 154

Adjacent counties

-   Lamar County (north)
-   Red River County (east)
-   Franklin County (east)
-   Hopkins County (south)
-   Hunt County (southwest)
-   Fannin County (northwest)

Demographics

As of the census[6] of 2000, there were 5,506 people, 2,094 households, and 1,461 families residing in the county. The population density was 19 people per square mile (7/km²). There were 2,410 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile (3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 87.93% White, 8.28% Black or African American, 0.77% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.18% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. About 3.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,094 households, of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.40% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.20% were nonfamilies. About 27.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.60% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 25.50% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 17.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,094, and the median income for a family was $37,925. Males had a median income of $31,597 versus $20,296 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,080. About 14.60% of families and 17.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.50% of those under age 18 and 20.60% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities

-   Cooper
-   Pecan Gap (small part in Fannin County)
-   Commerce (majority in Hunt County)

Unincorporated communities

-   Antioch
-   Ben Franklin
-   Charleston
-   Oliverville
-   East Delta
-   Vasco
-   Cleveland
-   Enloe
-   Jot 'Em Down
-   Kensing
-   Klondike
-   Westowne
-   Lake Creek
-   Pacio
-   Prattville
-   Rattan
-   Yowell
-   Post Oak
-   The Old Broken J
-   Natanland
-   St. Joseph

Ghost Town

-   Liberty Grove
-   Quick Cove

Politics

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |80.5% _1,836_   style=“text-align:center;” |17.5% _400_     2.0% _45_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |75.5% _1,524_   style=“text-align:center;” |22.5% _454_     2.0% _40_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |72.3% _1,580_   style=“text-align:center;” |26.9% _589_     0.8% _18_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |69.5% _1,447_   style=“text-align:center;” |30.1% _627_     0.4% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |60.2% _1,143_   style=“text-align:center;” |38.2% _726_     1.6% _31_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |42.7% _744_     style=“text-align:center;” |48.7% _849_     8.6% _150_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |29.7% _599_     style=“text-align:center;” |42.9% _864_     27.4% _552_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |40.4% _849_     style=“text-align:center;” |59.2% _1,244_   0.4% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |51.2% _1,024_   style=“text-align:center;” |48.6% _973_     0.2% _4_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |35.8% _767_     style=“text-align:center;” |62.9% _1,347_   1.3% _28_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |21.2% _421_     style=“text-align:center;” |78.5% _1,563_   0.4% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |61.9% _957_     style=“text-align:center;” |37.6% _581_     0.5% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |19.7% _370_     style=“text-align:center;” |55.1% _1,037_   25.2% _475_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |17.3% _339_     style=“text-align:center;” |82.6% _1,619_   0.1% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |25.1% _460_     style=“text-align:center;” |74.2% _1,360_   0.7% _12_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |32.2% _605_     style=“text-align:center;” |67.2% _1,262_   0.5% _10_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |30.8% _707_     style=“text-align:center;” |69.1% _1,585_   0.1% _3_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |7.7% _146_      style=“text-align:center;” |83.9% _1,594_   8.4% _160_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |6.7% _133_      style=“text-align:center;” |85.9% _1,706_   7.5% _148_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |7.9% _190_      style=“text-align:center;” |92.1% _2,214_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |5.3% _82_       style=“text-align:center;” |94.6% _1,466_   0.1% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |4.1% _87_       style=“text-align:center;” |95.8% _2,013_   0.1% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |44.0% _753_     style=“text-align:center;” |55.9% _958_     0.1% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |17.6% _479_     style=“text-align:center;” |80.5% _2,186_   1.9% _51_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |21.0% _315_     style=“text-align:center;” |72.2% _1,081_   6.8% _102_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |5.0% _72_       style=“text-align:center;” |86.5% _1,254_   8.6% _124_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |7.1% _57_       style=“text-align:center;” |87.3% _705_     5.7% _46_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[7]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

title: Delta County, Texas

question: What does the text say about households?

answer: In Delta County, there were 2,094 households, of which 30.2% had children under 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were nonfamilies. Around 27.5% of households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49. The median income for a household in Delta was $29,094.

question: What does the text say about the governor of Texas?

question: What does the text say about income?

answer: The text says that the median income for a household in Delta County was $29,094 and the median income for a family was $37,925. Males had a higher median income at $31,597 than females, which was $20,296. The per capita income for the county was $15,080. About 14.6% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% for those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over.


text:
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT APPLYING FOR THIS ACCOUNT

ALREADY NATIONWIDE MEMBERS?

If you’re a Nationwide member, you can apply for this account online. Keep in mind, the child doesn’t need to be a Nationwide member – just you.

NEW TO NATIONWIDE?

You’ll need to call your local branch and arrange an appointment to open this account over the phone.

Find the phone number of your nearest branch.

Interest rate

1.00% AER/GROSS A YEAR (VARIABLE) IF YOU HAVE A MAIN CURRENT ACCOUNT WITH US; 0.50% AER/GROSS A YEAR (VARIABLE) FOR ALL OTHER CUSTOMERS.

Access to your money

LIMITED TO ONE WITHDRAWAL PER ACCOUNT YEAR. MAKE MORE THAN ONE AND THE RATE DROPS TO 0.05% AER/GROSS P.A. (VARIABLE).

Manage your money

ONLINE
IN BRANCH

Designed for:

-   Parents and adults with parental responsibility looking to save for a child's future.
-   Savers who want to open an account for a child aged up to 15
-   Savers who want to deposit up to £5,000 per account year

Not designed for:

-   Savers who do not have parental responsibility for a child
-   Savers who want to open an account for a young person aged 16 or over

*Eligibility criteria apply.

As the adult, you will be the account holder managing the money on behalf of the child, who will be the legal owner of the money. You will have control of any withdrawals from the account. If you're not already, you’ll become a member of Nationwide when you open a Future Saver but your child won’t.

ARE YOU LOOKING FOR A DIFFERENT TYPE OF YOUNG PERSON’S ACCOUNT? View our full range of accounts for young people.

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Not the right account for you?

Answer a few simple questions and we'll show you what's available.

Find the right account for you

Need Help?

Our savings help and support centre is packed with information about managing your account.

Visit our savings help and support centre

Account details

Explore the key features and benefits of this account in our Summary Box before moving on to start your application.

Summary Box

What is the interest rate?

The interest rate on this account is tiered. The interest rate is also dependent on the number of withdrawals made during the ACCOUNT YEAR.

INTEREST RATE FOR ELIGIBLE MAIN CURRENT ACCOUNT CUSTOMERS*

  Withdrawals per Account Year   Interest rate AER/gross p.a. (variable)
  ------------------------------ -----------------------------------------
  1 or less                      1.00%
  2 or more                      0.05%

INTEREST RATE FOR CUSTOMERS WHO DO NOT HAVE A MAIN CURRENT ACCOUNT

   Withdrawals per Account Year   Interest rate AER/gross p.a. (variable)
  ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
  1 or less                       0.50%
  2 or more                       0.05%

Interest is calculated daily and paid into the account annually at the end of the day before each anniversary of account opening and on the date the account is closed.

* To be an eligible current account customer you must be a member with a main current account with us.

Our main current accounts are FlexPlus, FlexDirect, FlexStudent, FlexGraduate or FlexOne.

FlexAccount is one too so long as you have been paying in £750+ a month for the last 3 months (not including transfers from any other Nationwide accounts); or you’ve switched your account to us from another provider using our Current Account Switch Team in the last 4 months.

Can Nationwide change the interest rate?

Yes, the interest rates are variable.

Please see the “Variation of your interest rate and other account terms and conditions” and “How will we tell you about interest rate changes?” sections of the Savings General Terms and Conditions which set out when we can vary the interest rate and how and when we will notify you if this happens.

What would the estimated balance be after 12 months based on a £1,000 deposit?

  Withdrawals made in Account Year    Interest rate AER/gross p.a (variable)   Balance after 12 months
  ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------
  0                                   1.00%                                    £1,010.00
  0                                   0.50%                                    £1,005.00

The table above shows the balance on an initial deposit of £1,000 where no withdrawals have been made after 12 MONTHS with interest added to the account.

  Withdrawals made in Account Year    Interest rate AER/gross p.a (variable)   Balance after 12 months
  ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------
  2                                   1.00% down to 0.05%**                    £982.07
  2                                   0.50% down to 0.05%**                    £981.24

The table above shows the balance on an initial deposit of £1,000 after 12 MONTHS with interest added to the account, where a withdrawal of £10 was made on the 1st day of each calendar month for the first two months.

**This interest rate is only applied once the second withdrawal is made in the same ACCOUNT YEAR. The lower rate is applied for the remainder of the ACCOUNT YEAR.

THE ESTIMATED BALANCES ARE FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY AND ASSUME THAT:

-   no further deposits or withdrawals are made
-   there is no change to the interest rates
-   the illustrated balances after 12 months are shown after addition of interest and deduction of withdrawals (where made) during the ACCOUNT YEAR.

How do I open and manage my account?

TO OPEN THIS ACCOUNT, YOU MUST BE:

-   an adult aged 18 or over with parental responsibility for a child who lives with you for at least some of the time – at the time of opening the account, the child must be aged between 0 and 15 years, however the account can be held until such time as the child is 18 years and six months old.
-   a UK resident.

An adult with parental responsibility can only hold one Future Saver account per child.

You can open this account with a minimum of £1 up to a maximum of £5000. You can increase your account balance by up to £5000 each ACCOUNT YEAR (this does not include any interest accrued on the account).

YOU CAN OPEN THIS ACCOUNT:

-   by visiting nationwide.co.uk using the 'Start application' button below this Summary box (if you and your child already have a savings or current account with us)
-   by calling your local branch to make a telephone appointment.

YOU CAN MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT:

-   via our Internet Bank or Banking app (if you’re registered for internet banking)
-   in branch.

Once the child has reached 18 YEARS AND SIX MONTHS OLD the money will transfer to an instant access savings account and the terms and conditions and interest rate applicable to that account at that time will apply. The account will remain in the name of the adult (with parental responsibility) until the adult transfers the new account, into the child’s sole name.

It’s easy to move your savings between your existing Nationwide savings accounts or to open a new savings account with us. Simply go to nationwide.co.uk, use our Internet Bank, Banking app or visit us in one of our branches.

Can I withdraw money?

Yes, you can make 1 withdrawal per ACCOUNT YEAR for your child without loss of interest. Further withdrawals are allowed but will result in a lower rate of interest for the remainder of the ACCOUNT YEAR.

SUBJECT TO THE ACCOUNT BALANCE, YOU CAN:

-   withdraw up to £500 in cash a day or up to £500,000 by cheque at any of our branches
-   transfer money to another Nationwide current account or savings account (as long as it is possible to make payments into the account), using the Internet Bank or our Banking app (if you’re registered for internet banking).

Additional information

ACCOUNT YEAR means the 12-month period from the date that the account was opened and each subsequent period of 12 months thereafter.

The adult will be acting on behalf of the child (as a ‘bare trustee’). Although the account is in the name of the adult, the money in the account is held for and belongs to the child.

You should tell the child, and any other person with parental responsibility for them, about this account.

Under data protection law, we must be clear about how we collect, store and process members’ data. We may therefore tell the child or any other person with parental responsibility that the account exists at any time – for example, when we are interacting with the child, or if we need to contact them for legal or regulatory reasons. This enables us to manage the child’s data correctly, keep them safe and meet our legal and regulatory responsibilities.

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question: What does the text say about credit cards?

question: What is the purpose of the text?

answer: The text is for Nationwide members looking to apply for an account for their child aged 5 to 15 years old. It also provides information about interest rates, how to access money, how to manage money, and eligibility criteria.


text:
is a 1965 Japanese erotic jidaigeki film directed by Yasuto Hasegawa. The film deals revenge of the forty-seven rōnin.[1]　It is based on Futaro Yamada's novel “Ninpō-chushingura”.[2] It is 3rd in Futaro Yamada's Kunoichi film series. The president of Toei company Shigeru Okada asked Sadao Nakajima who directed past 2 Futaro Yamada's Kunoichi films to direct the film but he declined the offer.[3][4]

Plot

Mumyō Kotarō killed his betrayed fiancé Orie and He flees to Utsunomiya. On his way he happens to saves Chisaka Hyōbu's daughter Oyu(She is exactly like Orie.) be attacked by ninja. Thus he stays Chisaka's residence in Yonezawa. Chisaka was just trying to stop Forty-seven rōnin's revenge against Kira Kōzuke no suke by female ninja's sexual entrapment. Chisaka asks Kotarō to lead female ninja. Kotarō accepts the request on condition of marriage to Oyu.[5][6]

Cast

-   Tetsurō Tamba as Mumyō Kotarō
-   Kō Nishimura as Chisaka Hyōbu
-   Hiroko Sakuramachi as Oyu/Orie
-   Tsuyako Okajima
-   Akiji Kobayashi as Horibe Yasubei
-   Seizo Fukumoto as Namiuchi Dainoshin
-   Yuriko Mishima as Oyumi
-   Kazuko Oura as Toyo
-   Daisuke Awaji as Mononose Tsukinori
-   Yoshihiro Igarashi as Uesugi Tsununori
-   Daizen Shishido as Shiraito
-   Kunie Tanaka as Fuwa Kazuemon
-   Minoru Ōki as Ōishi Kuranosuke

[1]

[2]

[3] 中島貞夫 遊撃の美学 映画監督中島貞夫 ワイズ出版 2004

[4] 山平重樹 高倉健と任侠映画 徳間書店、2015 P.284-286

[5]

[6]

title: Ninpō-chūshingura

question: When was "Ninpō-chūshingura" released?

answer: It was released in 1965.

question: Who directed the film?

answer: Yasuto Hasegawa directed the film.

question: What was the film's budget?

answer: Not answered.

question: How much money did the film make?

answer: Not answered.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: "Ninpō-chūshingura" is a Japanese erotic film directed by Yastuto Hasegawa that was released in 1965.


text:
HARDEMAN COUNTY ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 4,139.[1] The county seat and largest city is Quanah.[2] The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1884.[3] It is named for two brothers, Bailey Hardeman and Thomas Jones Hardeman,[4] early Texas politicians and legislators. Hardeman County was one of 46 prohibition or entirely dry counties in the state of Texas until November 2006, when voters approved referendums to permit the legal sale of alcoholic beverages for on- and off-premises consumption.

Republican Drew Springer, Jr., a businessman from Muenster in Cooke County, has since January 2013 represented Hardeman County in the Texas House of Representatives.[5]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (0.3%) are covered by water.[6]

The Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River joins with Buck Creek in the northwestern corner of the county to form the Red River, which flows east to form the northern border of the county, separating it from Oklahoma.[7]

Hardeman County is the northernmost county in Texas that is not part of the Texas Panhandle.

Major highways

-   [] U.S. Highway 287
-   [] State Highway 6

Adjacent counties

-   Harmon County, Oklahoma (north)
-   Jackson County, Oklahoma (northeast)
-   Wilbarger County (east)
-   Foard County (south)
-   Cottle County (southwest)
-   Childress County (west)

Demographics

As of the census[8] of 2000, 4,724 people, 1,943 households, and 1,319 families were residing in the county. The population density was 7 people per mi² (3/km²). The 2,358 housing units averaged 3 per mi² (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 85.41% White, 4.83% African American, 0.76% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 7.09% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. About 14.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 1,943 households, 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.70% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were not families. About 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 22.60% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,312, and for a family was $33,325. Males had a median income of $26,683 versus $18,566 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,824. About 14.60% of families and 17.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.00% of those under age 18 and 13.40% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Georgia-Pacific operates a gypsum plant in the small community of Acme, located west of Quanah on U.S. Highway 287.

Attractions

-   Copper Breaks State Park, which is operated by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, is located in far southern Hardeman County near the Pease River just off State Highway 6, about south of Quanah. The park features a portion of the state Texas Longhorn herd.
-   Lake Pauline is located off U.S. Highway 287, east of Quanah.

Communities

Cities

-   Chillicothe
-   Quanah (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

-   Goodlett

Ghost towns

-   Acme
-   Medicine Mound

Politics

Hardeman County formerly leaned Democratic, however in recent years it has swung to become solidly Republican.

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |79.8% _1,207_   style=“text-align:center;” |16.5% _249_     3.8% _57_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |78.7% _1,176_   style=“text-align:center;” |20.2% _302_     1.1% _17_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |75.2% _1,199_   style=“text-align:center;” |23.4% _373_     1.4% _23_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |71.3% _1,214_   style=“text-align:center;” |28.2% _480_     0.5% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |62.7% _976_     style=“text-align:center;” |36.4% _566_     1.0% _15_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |39.8% _610_     style=“text-align:center;” |49.0% _750_     11.2% _171_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |31.7% _614_     style=“text-align:center;” |49.3% _954_     19.0% _368_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |42.7% _855_     style=“text-align:center;” |57.1% _1,143_   0.2% _3_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |57.0% _1,238_   style=“text-align:center;” |42.7% _927_     0.4% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |46.5% _1,056_   style=“text-align:center;” |51.7% _1,174_   1.9% _43_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |36.2% _805_     style=“text-align:center;” |63.1% _1,403_   0.8% _17_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |68.3% _1,357_   style=“text-align:center;” |30.9% _614_     0.8% _16_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |34.3% _873_     style=“text-align:center;” |44.9% _1,145_   20.8% _531_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |27.5% _697_     style=“text-align:center;” |72.5% _1,835_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |55.4% _1,472_   style=“text-align:center;” |44.5% _1,182_   0.0% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |46.5% _1,119_   style=“text-align:center;” |53.2% _1,281_   0.4% _9_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |55.7% _1,571_   style=“text-align:center;” |44.0% _1,242_   0.3% _8_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |11.4% _226_     style=“text-align:center;” |83.7% _1,654_   4.9% _96_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |10.3% _223_     style=“text-align:center;” |80.8% _1,756_   8.9% _194_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |12.9% _362_     style=“text-align:center;” |87.1% _2,453_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |9.4% _207_      style=“text-align:center;” |90.2% _1,991_   0.5% _10_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |6.8% _145_      style=“text-align:center;” |93.0% _1,985_   0.2% _5_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |59.4% _1,333_   style=“text-align:center;” |40.6% _910_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |18.2% _256_     style=“text-align:center;” |78.1% _1,099_   3.8% _53_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |19.0% _252_     style=“text-align:center;” |73.0% _967_     7.9% _105_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |8.1% _94_       style=“text-align:center;” |80.7% _932_     11.2% _129_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |3.4% _36_       style=“text-align:center;” |79.2% _843_     17.5% _186_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[9]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

title: Hardeman County, Texas

question: What does the article say about Hardeman County's households structure?

answer: As of the census of 2000, of the 1,943 households, 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.70% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were not families. About 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40, and the average family size was 2.97.

question: What does the article say about Hardeman County's economy?

answer: Georgia-Pacific operates a gypsum plant in the small community of Acme, located west of Quanah on U.S. Highway 287. The median income for a household in the county was $28,312, and for a family was $33,325. The per capita income for the county was $16,824. About 14.60% of families and 17.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.00% of those under age 18 and 13.40% of those age 65 or over.

question: What does the article say about Hardeman County's history?

answer: Hardeman County was created in 1858 and later organized in 1884. It is named after two brothers, Bailey Hardeman and Thomas Jones Hardeman, early Texas politicians and legislators. Hardeman County was one of 46 prohibited or entirely dry counties in the state of Texas until November 2006.

question: What does the article say about Hardeman County's demographics in 2015?


text:
VITALY ALEKSEEVICH NUIKIN (; 5 April 1939 - 1998) was a Soviet intelligence officer, and colonel of the KGB of the USSR.

Biography

Nuikin was born on 5 April 1939 in the village of Mokhovskoye in the of the Altai Krai in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union in a family of employees.

In 1960 he graduated from the Faculty of International Relations of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.

Since 1960, in a special reserve - Office “C” (illegal intelligence) of the First Chief Directorate (CCGT, foreign intelligence) of the State Security Committee (KGB) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR - KGB of the USSR - Russian Foreign Intelligence Service.

The English slang language of Nuikin was individually taught by the legendary scout Konon Molodoy, and Danish by Oleg Gordievsky.[1]

Together with his wife Lyudmila, until 1986, Vitaly Nuykin worked in more than 18 countries. According to the official SVR certificate of the Russian Federation, published in January 2020, “illegal intelligence officers worked in states with a tough administrative-police regime in conditions involving a risk to life”.[2] According to the BBC Russian Service, the Nuikin couple pretended to be natives of French-speaking countries, their main activity took place in France, as well as in Africa and Southeast Asia. They specialized mainly in industrial intelligence.

In particular, in the 1960s, the Nuikins stole technology in the West that allowed them to produce drills for drilling oil and gas wells, which dramatically increased their margin of safety, and the use of drills became possible within 3–4 days, while the drills Soviet production when drilling wells failed after 3–4 hours of operation. Mastering the innovative, at that time, technology to increase the life cycle of drills allowed to increase productivity in Soviet oil and gas fields several times. This brought the Soviet Union profit, many times paying off the costs of maintaining dozens of illegal intelligence agents abroad. In France, in the 1970s, the Nuikins were able to register a company and steal military-industrial secrets for the Soviet missile and space complex. The spouses of Nuikin also collected information on the military-political situation in Western Europe.[3]

According to the official opinion of the Foreign Intelligence Service, “Vitaly Nuikin organized an agent apparatus, through which he regularly obtained particularly valuable information on strategic aspects of the policies of leading Western countries and scientific and technical issues.”

After the disclosure in the UK by fugitive colonel of the PSU of the KGB of the USSR Oleg Gordievsky of information about Soviet agents, Vitaly Nuikin, in order to avoid arrest, was forced to hide in the hold of a Soviet ship moored in port for several days. On the way to the USSR, Nuikin nearly drowned in a severe storm, but the ship was able to safely reach its destination. His wife had returned to the USSR a little earlier. After returning, the Nuikins continued to work at the Center. They retired in 1993.

In 1997, the ex-intelligence officer suffered a heart attack, doctors were able to extend his life only for a year. Vitaly Nuykin suddenly died in February 1998.

The Nuikin spouses had two sons - Yuri and Andrei (Andre), two grandchildren and two granddaughters. Of their sons, Yuri Vitalievich Nuikin was a colonel, while Andrey Vitalievich Nuikin (born 5 December 1976) graduated from the and as of 2020 is the head of the information systems security department of the global mining and metallurgical company Evraz.[4]

Until January 2020, the name of Vitaly Nuikin was classified. In 2018, Lyudmila Nuykina, without giving her spouse's name, spoke in detail about her husband's work in illegal intelligence and the joint production of foreign military and technical developments in an interview with RIA Novosti and Russia-1 TV program host .

On 28 January 2020 the Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service Sergey Naryshkin, at a press conference with the news agency _Rossiya Segodnya_, named the Russian illegal intelligence agents who made a significant contribution to ensuring the country's security and protecting its interests. Among those named was Vitaly Nuikin. Data on the identity of the wife of Nuikin Lyudmila Ivanovna in illegal intelligence was officially announced by the SVR in September 2017.[5]

Family

Wife Lyudmila Nuikina - illegal intelligence officer, retired foreign service colonel.

Awards

-   Order of the October Revolution;
-   Order of the Red Banner (06/06/1984);
-   Medals of the USSR and the Russian Federation;
-   Badge “For service in intelligence.”[6]

[1] Русская разведчица-нелегал описала роды за границей

[2] Разведчица-нелегал Людмила Нуйкина: 8 марта мы втайне отмечали пельменями

[3] Рассекреченные шпионы СССР. СВР назвала их имена, но что еще о них известно?

[4] Андрей Нуйкин

[5] ДИРЕКТОР СВР РОССИИ С.Е. НАРЫШКИН НАЗВАЛ НОВЫЕ ИМЕНА РАЗВЕДЧИКОВ

[6] НУЙКИН ВИТАЛИЙ АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ

title: Vitaly Nuikin

question: What was Nuikin's actual job and what did he manage to gain for Russia?

answer: Nuikin and his wife were industrial spies working mostly in French-speaking countries in Europe and Africa. He worked in more than 18 countries until he was forced to return to his own country in 1986. In the 1960s, the Nuikins stole technology in the West that allowed them to produce drills for drilling oil and gas wells. In France, in the 1970s, the Nuikins were able to register a company and steal military-industrial secrets for the Soviet missile and space complex.


text:
Use this ballistic calculator in order to calculate the flight path of a bullet given the shooting parameters that meet your conditions. This calculator will produce a ballistic trajectory chart that shows the bullet drop, bullet energy, windage, and velocity. It will a produce a line graph showing the bullet drop and flight path of the bullet. By adding trajectories to the panel on the right you may produce charts and graphs that show the different trajectories side by side. This can be useful in comparing cartridges or loads.

Chart Column Customization [?]

Create Column

Data:
Units:
Color:
#
Chart Columns

Calculating Trajectories . . . . . Done (_0.66 seconds_)

[[Chart Label] Ballistic Trajectory Chart]

223 REM 60 GR INTERLOCK� SP AMERICAN WHITETAIL�

  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------
  Drag Function: G1              Wind Speed: 10 mph       International Standard Atmosphere
  Ballistic Coefficient: 0.264   Wind Angle: 90°          Altitude: Sea Level (0 ft)
  Bullet Weight: 60 gr           Zero Range: 100 yd       Barometric Pressure: 29.92 Hg
  Initial Velocity: 3090 fps     Chart Range: 300 yd      Temperature: 59° F
  Sight Height : 1.5 in          Maximum Range: 3923 yd   Relative Humidity: 50%
  Shooting Angle: 0°             Step Size: 50 yd         Speed of Sound: 1116 fps
  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------

  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------
  Range   Elevation   Elevation   Elevation   Windage   Windage   Windage   Time   Energy     Vel[x+y]
  (yd)    (in)        (MOA)       (MIL)       (in)      (MOA)     (MIL)     (s)    (ft.lbf)   (ft/s)
  0       -1.50       0.00        0.00        0.03      0.00      0.00      0.00   1272       3090
  50      -0.23       0.44        0.13        0.30      0.57      0.17      0.05   1125       2906
  100     0.00        0.00        0.00        1.13      1.08      0.31      0.10   993        2730
  150     -0.93       0.59        0.17        2.58      1.64      0.48      0.16   873        2560
  200     -3.20       1.53        0.44        4.69      2.24      0.65      0.22   766        2397
  250     -6.98       2.66        0.77        7.54      2.88      0.84      0.29   668        2240
  300     -12.49      3.97        1.16        11.21     3.57      1.04      0.36   581        2088
  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------

243 WIN 100 GR INTERLOCK� BTSP AMERICAN WHITETAIL�

  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------
  Drag Function: G1              Wind Speed: 10 mph       International Standard Atmosphere
  Ballistic Coefficient: 0.405   Wind Angle: 90°          Altitude: Sea Level (0 ft)
  Bullet Weight: 100 gr          Zero Range: 100 yd       Barometric Pressure: 29.92 Hg
  Initial Velocity: 2960 fps     Chart Range: 300 yd      Temperature: 59° F
  Sight Height : 1.5 in          Maximum Range: 5364 yd   Relative Humidity: 50%
  Shooting Angle: 0°             Step Size: 50 yd         Speed of Sound: 1116 fps
  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------

  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------
  Range   Elevation   Elevation   Elevation   Windage   Windage   Windage   Time   Energy     Vel[x+y]
  (yd)    (in)        (MOA)       (MIL)       (in)      (MOA)     (MIL)     (s)    (ft.lbf)   (ft/s)
  0       -1.50       0.00        0.00        0.03      0.00      0.00      0.00   1946       2960
  50      -0.21       0.39        0.11        0.21      0.41      0.12      0.05   1794       2843
  100     0.01        -0.01       0.00        0.78      0.74      0.22      0.11   1653       2729
  150     -0.95       0.60        0.18        1.74      1.10      0.32      0.16   1522       2618
  200     -3.17       1.51        0.44        3.12      1.49      0.43      0.22   1398       2509
  250     -6.78       2.59        0.75        4.95      1.89      0.55      0.28   1283       2403
  300     -11.89      3.78        1.10        7.27      2.31      0.67      0.35   1175       2300
  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------

6.5 CREEDMOOR 129 GR. INTERLOCK� AMERICAN WHITETAIL�

  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------
  Drag Function: G1              Wind Speed: 10 mph       International Standard Atmosphere
  Ballistic Coefficient: 0.445   Wind Angle: 90°          Altitude: Sea Level (0 ft)
  Bullet Weight: 129 gr          Zero Range: 100 yd       Barometric Pressure: 29.92 Hg
  Initial Velocity: 2820 fps     Chart Range: 300 yd      Temperature: 59° F
  Sight Height : 1.5 in          Maximum Range: 5685 yd   Relative Humidity: 50%
  Shooting Angle: 0°             Step Size: 50 yd         Speed of Sound: 1116 fps
  ------------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------------------

  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------
  Range   Elevation   Elevation   Elevation   Windage   Windage   Windage   Time   Energy     Vel[x+y]
  (yd)    (in)        (MOA)       (MIL)       (in)      (MOA)     (MIL)     (s)    (ft.lbf)   (ft/s)
  0       -1.50       0.00        0.00        0.03      0.00      0.00      0.00   2278       2820
  50      -0.16       0.30        0.09        0.21      0.40      0.12      0.05   2114       2716
  100     0.00        0.00        0.00        0.75      0.72      0.21      0.11   1960       2615
  150     -1.11       0.70        0.20        1.68      1.07      0.31      0.17   1814       2517
  200     -3.59       1.71        0.50        3.02      1.44      0.42      0.23   1678       2420
  250     -7.56       2.89        0.84        4.79      1.83      0.53      0.29   1549       2326
  300     -13.14      4.18        1.22        7.01      2.23      0.65      0.36   1429       2233
  ------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ---------- ----------

[shooting chronograph]

Keep in mind this is an approximation and although it is quite accurate it should never replace first-hand experience of shooting your specific firearm and ammunition to determine the bullet drop and windage at different ranges and conditions. To make it as accurate as possible, it is important that you input the most accurate information that represents shooting conditions, your firearm, and cartridge. The two most important variables are the _Initial Velocity_ and the _Ballistic Coefficient_. If you do not have a Shooting Chronograph[], I strongly suggest you purchase one. It is a great investment if you want to get into long range shooting and will be especially useful if you handload.

I want this to be the best ballistic trajectory calculator out there. Please let me know how it can be improved upon. You can find an email form and contact information here. Thank you.

question: What does the text say about Smith & Wesson firearms?

question: Summarize the main topic of the post.

answer: The post is about using ballistic calculators to calculate the flight path of a bullet given the shooting parameters that meet set conditions. The author made a calculator that produces a ballistic trajectory chart that shows the bullet drop, bullet energy, windage, and velocity. It will produce a line graph showing the bullet drop and flight path of the bullet. While the ballistic calculator is accurate, it should never replace the first-hand experience of shooting a specific firearm. The most important input variables are "Initial Velocity" and "Ballistic Coefficient". The author suggests getting a Shooting Chronograph for long-range shooting.


text:
GARDEN COUNTY is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 2,057.[1] Its county seat is Oshkosh.[2]

In the Nebraska license plate system, Garden County is represented by the prefix 77 (it had the seventy-seventh-largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922).

History

Garden County was formed in 1909 by popular vote. Voters in the general election of November 2, 1909 approved making the northern part of Deuel County into its own county.[3] It is said the county was so named in the hope that this land should become the garden of the West or with allusion to the “Garden of Eden”.[4]

The county has lost population since the Great Depression and Dust Bowl of the 1930s. The land was homesteaded for family farms that often turned out to be too small for subsistence farming under the arid conditions of the region. In the early decades of settlement by immigrants and migrants from the East, farmers did not know how to work the land on the prairies. Tons of topsoil were lost after droughts.

Geography

The North Platte River runs ESE through the south part of Garden County. Since the county is in the western portion of Nebraska, its residents observe Mountain Time. The eastern two-thirds portion of the state observes Central Time.

According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.5%) is water.[5]

Major highways

-   [] U.S. Highway 26
-   [] Nebraska Highway 27
-   [] Nebraska Highway 92

Adjacent counties

-   Sheridan County - north
-   Grant County - east
-   Arthur County - east
-   Keith County - southeast
-   Deuel County - south
-   Cheyenne County - southwest
-   Morrill County - west

Protected areas

-   Ash Hollow State Historical Park
-   Clear Creek State Waterfowl Management Area (partial)[6]
-   Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Demographics

[Lone tree on the prairie, on Rt 92 near Lisco] As of the 2000 United States Census,[7] there were 2,292 people, 1,020 households, and 658 families in the county. The population density was 1.3 people per square mile (0.5/km²). There were 1,298 housing units at an average density of 0.8 per square mile (0.3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.34% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.52% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. 1.44% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.5% were of German, 10.0% Irish, 9.6% American and 9.2% English ancestry.

There were 1,020 households, out of which 24.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.90% were married couples living together, 6.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.40% were non-families. 32.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.77.

The county population contained 21.80% under the age of 18, 4.60% from 18 to 24, 22.70% from 25 to 44, 27.00% from 45 to 64, and 24.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,458, and the median income for a family was $32,546. Males had a median income of $21,495 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,414. About 10.80% of families and 14.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.00% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Like much of the Nebraska Panhandle, Garden County has been a Republican-leaning county since the late 20th century. It was one of only two counties that Ben Nelson failed to carry in 1994.[8] In Presidential elections, the last Democratic candidate to carry the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1932.[9] As part of Nebraska's 3rd congressional district, Garden County has been represented by Republicans since 1961.

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                  Third Parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |80.8% _869_     style=“text-align:center;” |14.2% _153_     4.9% _53_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |76.0% _829_     style=“text-align:center;” |22.2% _242_     1.8% _20_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |74.2% _844_     style=“text-align:center;” |24.9% _283_     1.0% _11_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |82.0% _970_     style=“text-align:center;” |17.0% _201_     1.0% _12_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |79.0% _963_     style=“text-align:center;” |16.7% _203_     4.4% _53_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |65.6% _851_     style=“text-align:center;” |21.5% _279_     12.9% _167_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |53.5% _697_     style=“text-align:center;” |16.3% _212_     30.2% _394_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |72.4% _986_     style=“text-align:center;” |26.9% _366_     0.7% _10_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |85.7% _1,158_   style=“text-align:center;” |13.3% _180_     1.0% _13_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |82.1% _1,297_   style=“text-align:center;” |12.8% _202_     5.1% _81_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |64.4% _928_     style=“text-align:center;” |30.9% _445_     4.8% _69_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |85.1% _1,161_   style=“text-align:center;” |15.0% _204_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |78.6% _1,120_   style=“text-align:center;” |14.5% _206_     7.0% _99_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |66.4% _1,106_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.6% _559_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |76.4% _1,376_   style=“text-align:center;” |23.6% _426_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |77.7% _1,167_   style=“text-align:center;” |22.3% _335_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |81.0% _1,457_   style=“text-align:center;” |19.0% _341_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |64.0% _923_     style=“text-align:center;” |36.0% _519_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |69.8% _1,248_   style=“text-align:center;” |30.2% _541_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |64.7% _1,351_   style=“text-align:center;” |35.3% _736_     style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |49.6% _996_     style=“text-align:center;” |49.1% _986_     1.3% _25_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |38.2% _768_     style=“text-align:center;” |59.9% _1,204_   1.9% _38_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |77.8% _1,470_   style=“text-align:center;” |21.4% _404_     0.8% _15_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |46.7% _725_     style=“text-align:center;” |29.6% _459_     23.8% _369_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |66.2% _924_     style=“text-align:center;” |30.2% _421_     3.6% _50_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |32.0% _306_     style=“text-align:center;” |62.6% _598_     5.4% _52_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |15.9% _136_     style=“text-align:center;” |33.1% _282_     51.0% _435_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[10]

Communities

City

-   Oshkosh (county seat)

Village

-   Lewellen

Census-designated place

-   Lisco

Other unincorporated places

-   Mumper
-   Rackett

[1]

[2]

[3] Joseph Nathan Kane, _The American Counties_ (4th Ed.), (The Scarecrow Press, 1983), pp. 130, 479

[4]

[5]

[6] [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Clear+Creek+State+Waterfowl+Management+Area,+Lewellen,+NE+69147/@41.299599,-102.0820964,14z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x8770d537179b7317:0xf4b86498863e08a9!8m2!3d41.3001979!4d-102.0546909 _Clear Creek State Waterfowl Management Area, Lewellen NE_ Google Maps (accessed 21 January 2019)]

[7]

[8] David Leip Electoral Atlas (Maps for Nebraska gubernatorial races)

[9] Geographie Electorale

[10] Election Results

title: Garden County, Nebraska

question: Summarize how Garden County came to be.

answer: Garden County was formed by popular vote in 1909. In the general election of November 2, 1909 voters approved making the northern part of Deuel County into its own county. The county was named in hopes that it would become the garden of the West. It's also possible it was named with allusion to the "Garden of Eden".

question: Summarize how the county has lost population.

answer: The Great Depression and Dust Bowl of the 1930s caused the county to experience population loss. The land was originally homesteaded for family farms that turned out to be too small for subsistence farming due to the arid conditions of the region. Additionally, the early decades of settlement by immigrants and migrants from the East didn't know how to utilize the land on the prairies. Due to this, tons of topsoil were lost after droughts. This presumably put a damper on the population because the land wasn't as sustainable.

question: What does the text say about Garden County's geography?

answer: Garden County is located in Nebraska's prairie lands. The North Platte River runs ESE through the south part of Garden County. The county is in the western portion of Nebraska, so its residents observe Mountain Time. There are several protected areas in Garden County. There is Ash Hollow State Historical Park, Clear Creek State Waterfowl Management Area, and Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

question: What does the text say about the current state representative of Nebraska?