text:
Build an Awesome Livestreaming PC to Show Off Your 1337 Gaming Skills!

[corsair-obsidian-650d-2]

Live game streaming and pre-recorded game compilation videos have become extremely popular these days with the massive explosion of video streaming services such as YouTube and Twitch.tv, so this month’s build will be focused on a reasonably priced gaming computer that can handle game streaming, game recording, video editing, and of course 1080p gaming as well.

Care to check out what we’ve come up with? Let’s find out!

Gaming/Streaming/Recording Computer Build Component Summary – Budget: $2,000

  --------------- --------------------------------------------------------- -------
  CPU             INTEL CORE I7-3770K                                       $321
  Motherboard     GIGABYTE Z77X-UD3H                                        $140
  Memory          16GB (2X8GB) CORSAIR VENGEANCE 1600MHZ DDR3 LOW PROFILE   $110
  GPU             MSI GEFORCE GTX 670 PE OC 2GB                             $383
  Case            CORSAIR OBSIDIAN 650D                                     $180
  SSD             SANDISK EXTREME 240GB SSD                                 $189
  Hard Drive      SEAGATE BARRACUDA 2TB 7200RPM                             $100
  Optical Drive   OEM DVD DRIVE OR OEM BLU RAY DRIVE                        $23
  PSU             CORSAIR TX650M                                            $90
  CPU Cooler      COOLER MASTER HYPER 212 PLUS                              $26
  OS              WINDOWS 7 HOME PREMIUM 64 BIT                             $91
  Capture Card    AVERMEDIA C985 LIVE GAMER HD                              $180
  Total                                                                     $1833
  --------------- --------------------------------------------------------- -------

Core Component Details

CPU – Intel Core i7-3770K

[intel-core-i7-box]

For our video editing build in January, we went with the Intel Core i7-3770K as our processor of choice, and this month we’ll be using it once again in our streaming/recording/gaming PC build.

For those who haven’t read our January article, the Intel Core i7-3770K, it’s one of Intel’s fastest Ivy Bridge processors on the market today sporting a clock speed of 3.5GHz and a turbo clock speed of up to 3.9GHz. It also features Hyper Threading giving the quad core processor access to eight threads, which significantly boosts performance in multi-threaded applications.

Given the fact that streaming game footage while playing games and encoding gaming footage after a frag session is a heavily multithreaded application, the i7-3770K makes a lot of sense. Additionally, having a K series processor also allows for easy overclocking as well, and those who don’t mind spending a couple minutes in the BIOS tinkering with some overclocking settings could see performance improvements of ~25% or more.

Motherboard – GIGABYTE Z77X-UD3H

[gigabyte-z77x-ud3h]

Let’s face the facts. The X58 era and even as recently as the Z68 era weren’t exactly the best of times for Gigabyte. Gigabyte’s motherboards at the time weren’t all that impressive and the features offered significantly lagged behind motherboards from other vendors at the time.

That said, Gigabyte has made quite a few changes moving forward into the Z77 era, and as a motherboard we’ve previously reviewed on the site, the Gigabyte Z77X-UD3H really impressed us. The amount of features Gigabyte was able to cram under a $150 price point is simply a no brainer for those looking for a motherboard with all the features, but without the pricetag.

What kind of features are we talking about? For starters, we’ve got support for LGA 1155 CPUs, which are powered via Gigabyte’s 3D power initiative, using new digitally controlled power providing the CPU with clean, stable power even with a substantial overclock. The motherboard also features supports up to a maximum of 32GB of DDR3, multi-GPU (SLI/CrossFire) configurations,  SATA 6Gb/s, PCIe 3.0, and much more. Like I said, more than enough for our purposes today.

Memory – 16GB (2x8GB) Corsair Vengeance 1600MHz DDR3 Low Profile 1.5v

[corsair-vengeance]

This month we’ll once again be going with 16GB of memory and we’ll be using the 2x8GB Corsair Vengeance Low Profile kit again as well. HD video editing is extremely memory intensive and having a ton of memory to store temporary video files that are being worked on is very helpful. This prevents video files being stored onto swap space on the disk which significantly reduces performance.

As I mentioned earlier, we’re also going with a 2x8GB kit rather than a 4x4GB kit. Seeing how prices between 2x8GB kits aren’t that much more than 4x4GB kits, I think it’s a much better choice to go with a 2x8GB kit. This way if 16GB of memory somehow turns out to be not enough, another 16GB may easily be added in the future.

Case – CORSAIR OBSIDIAN 650D

[corsair-obsidian-650d]Since we have a fairly large budget this time around, I wanted to go with a case that not only has tons of features, but something that looks amazing as well which is why we’ll be going with a Corsair Obsidian 650D. At about $180, it’s quite a spendy case, so let’s talk about the Corsair Obsidian 650D and what makes it special.

Starting with the appearance of the case, Corsair went with a brushed aluminum front faceplate which gives the entire case a high end classy feel, much classier than the plastic used in most cases these days. Moving to the side of the case, the Obsidian 650D features a huge window along with quick release sidepanels which allow for easy access to the system’s internals without having to deal with screws that you inevitably lose down the road.

In terms of cooling, the Obsidian 650D comes stock with a fan controller that controls two huge 200mm fans along with a 120mm fan at the rear as well. The fans along with the fan controller are capable of moving a ton of air when needed and can provide silent operation when turned down as well.

Other features include 8 expansion slots, four 5.25″ drive bays, included dust filters,tool-less design, six 3.5″/2.5″ drive bays, front USB 2.0, USB 3.0, Firewire, and more.

GPU – MSI GEFORCE GTX 670 PE OC 2GB

[msi-geforce-gtx-670-pe-oc-2gb]Since we’re putting together a powerful gaming PC this month, we’ll be needing a powerful graphics card within budget, and nothing out there fits the bill better than the MSI GeForce GTX 670 PE OC 2GB. Since the card itself is based off the GTX 670 design, it’s capable of outputting top notch performance, which is more than enough for playing most of today’s games out on the market today at high/ultra graphics settings at 1080p.

Additionally, we’re also going with the MSI’s Power Edition of GTX 670, which means it’ll come factory overclocked to 1019MHz base and 1097MHz boost along with MSI’s Twin Frozr IV cooler design. We’ve always been quite happy with MSI’s Twin Frozr design and MSI’s 4th generation of the cooler is nothing short of impressive, providing excellent cooling with little to no noise. This should make the MSI GeForce GTX 670 PE OC 2GB not only a powerful graphics card, but a cool and quiet one as well.

Storage – SANDISK EXTREME 240GB SSD + SEAGATE BARRACUDA 2TB 7200RPM

[sandisk-extreme-ssd-10]Since we’ve got a pretty substantial budget at around $2,000 for this build, we’ll be using the optimal combination of an ultrafast SSD boot drive and a traditional hard drive to store our data.

For our SSD, we’ll be going with the SanDisk Extreme 240GB SSD. The SanDisk Extreme is based off of the tried, tested and true SandForce SF-2281 controller paired with SanDisk’s very own 24nm toggle mode NAND. This makes an extremely fast, extremely capable SSD rated at up to 550 MB/s reads and 520 MB/s writes. What’s most impressive about the SanDisk Extreme however, is simply the cost. Coming in at only $188.99, the SanDisk Extreme 240GB is only $0.79/GB, which only a year ago was a price unheard of on the market.

Since 240GB may not be enough to install a full library of steam games and record the footage from those games, we’ll also be going with a 2TB Seagate Barracuda 7,200 rpm hard drive. There’s nothing too special about the drive other than the fact that it’s a fairly inexpensive drive that gets the job done.

Capture Card – AVERMEDIA C985 LIVE GAMER HD

[avermedia-live-gamer-hd]Our final “secret sauce” component to really make this a livestreaming and recording champ is the Avermedia C985 Live Gamer HD capture card.

While it’s definitely possible (to some degree) to stream games without one of these, and it’s definitely possible to record games without one of these also, the nice thing about having a capture card is that the capture card does all the video processing for you.

For those familiar with video processing, you’ll know that this is great for a variety of reasons. The first is that the load that’s usually placed on the CPU while encoding video now goes to the dedicated capture card. Video encoding is an extremely CPU intensive task, and will more than likely reduce in game framerates when both are done simultaneously. Additionally on the recording side, processsed video also translates into smaller filesizes. Those who’ve recorded with applications that record uncompressed video such as FRAPS will know that uncompressed video can easily hit 1GB/min, which isn’t a lot of game footage even with the largest of hard drives out there. With the Avermedia C985 Live Gamer HD, you’re able to record in a very high quality H.264 compressed format, which significantly reduces filesizes allowing you to record more game footage yet doesn’t compromise on video quality.

Final Pricing

Current pricing on Amazon for the build is $1,833.03. With this build I really wanted to leave a bit of extra wiggle room for those looking to further customize their builds. For example, those who want additional cooling on the CPU may opt for a powerful all in one water based CPU cooler such as the Corsair H100i, while those looking for a faster SSD may want to check out the Samsung 840 Pro. Those interested in upgrades or changes to the build are welcome to post in the comments below for additional suggestions based on your needs.

Optional Components

Some people have interest in monitors, speakers, mice and keyboards, so we’ve also started including some recommendations for these items as well. I won’t be explaining the choices as these optional components are quite dependent on the person using the PC (For example, someone serious about audio may end up with $400 Audioengine 5+ speakers and an ASUS Xonar Essence STX), but here are some suggestions that are a good fit for this build.

One thing to keep in mind for this build is that the maximum resolution supported by the Avermedia C985 Live Gamer HD card is 1920×1080, so be sure to purchase a monitor at this resolution or lower.

  ------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------
  Monitor      ASUS VS278Q-P 27″ ULTRAFAST 1MS MONITOR                $295
  Sound Card   CREATIVE SOUND BLASTER Z                               $120
  Speakers     AUDIOENGINE A2                                         $199
  Headphones   RAZER KRAKEN PRO GAMING HEADSET                        $80
  Mouse        RAZER DEATHADDER 2013                                  $57
  Keyboard     RAZER BLACKWIDOW ULTIMATE MECHANICAL GAMING KEYBOARD   $133
  ------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------

Remember, if you have any questions, need some help, or need to fit the build into your budget feel free to visit the forums! Myself, or the community here will be more than happy to help you out with your own custom build or answer any computer questions you may have. If this build doesn’t fit your needs, be sure to drop by our Computer Builds section to find more computer builds.

Also, be sure to join us on Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, or YouTube. Be updated on the latest news, reviews, tutorials, custom computer builds, and more!

question: What kind of PC does the article recommend?

answer: The article recommends readers build a gaming computer that can handle game streaming, game recording, video editing, and gaming. The author lists all the components that should be included with prices. Such a PC would cost $1833.

question: What does the article say about optional components?

answer: The author recommends a monitor, speakers, mice, and keyboards and gives the prices. One thing to keep in mind for the build the article recommends is that the maximum resolution supported by the Avermedia C985 Live Gamer HD card is 1920×1080, so be sure to purchase a monitor at this resolution or lower.

question: What does the article say about Nintendo?


split: test

text:
CROCKETT COUNTY is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,719.[1] The county seat is Ozona.[2] The county was founded in 1875 and later organized in 1891.[3] It is named in honor of Davy Crockett, the legendary frontiersman who died at the Battle of the Alamo.

History

-   Prehistoric people lived in Gobbler Shelter, located on a small tributary canyon of Live Oak Creek. Earliest known Native American tribes are Tonkawa, Lipan Apache, and Comanche.[4]
-   1590 Spanish explorer Gaspar Castaño de Sosa[5] leads a mining expedition of 170 who pass through the western section of Crockett County to reach the Pecos River.
-   1684, May 22 - Juan Domínguez de Mendoza and his expedition cross the Pecos River and camp at San Pantaleón.[6]
-   1849 John Coffee Hays expedition charting waterholes for transporting people and freight.[7]
-   1852 U. S. Army Colonel Joseph K. Mansfield recommends establishing a new post on Live Oak Creek to protect travelers.[8]
-   1855, August 20, Fort Lancaster is established in response to Mansfield's recommendation.[9]
-   1866 The Texas legislature provides three battalions of Texas Rangers to protect settlers in the area.[10]
-   1868 Camp Melvin established.[11]
-   1875, January 12 - Crockett County, named for Davy Crockett, is formed from Bexar County.[12]
-   1880s Sheep and cattle ranchers establish themselves in the county. Kirkpatrick Hotel built to serve stagecoach passengers and cowboys.[13]
-   1885 W. P. Hoover becomes one of the first settlers, on the Pecos River. Crockett County becomes a subsidiary of Val Verde County.[14]
-   1887 Crockett County is further reduced as Sutton and Schleicher counties are formed from it.[15]
-   1889 Emerald becomes first town in Crockett County.[16]
-   1891 Crockett County is organized. Ozona becomes the county seat. The first water well is drilled at the First Baptist Church in Ozona.[17]
-   1900 Stagecoach service begins in Crockett County. County reports seven manufacturing firms.[18]
-   1902 Crockett County Courthouse built, Empire style, architect Oscar Ruffini. The building does multiple duty for courtroom and county offices, as well as a community center and dance hall.[19]
-   1925 First producing oil well within the World oil field, on L. P. Powell's ranch in north central Crockett County, by Chester R. Bunker's World Oil Company.[20][21]
-   1938 Ozona erects a statue of Davy Crockett in the town square.[22]
-   1939 Ozona opens the Crockett County Museum. In 1958, it was moved to its current location on the town square.[23]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , virtually all of which is land.[24]

Major highways

-   [] Interstate 10
-   [] U.S. Highway 190
-   [] State Highway 137
-   [] State Highway 163
-   [] State Highway 349

Adjacent counties

-   Upton County (north)
-   Reagan County (north)
-   Irion County (northeast)
-   Schleicher County (east)
-   Sutton County (east)
-   Val Verde County (south)
-   Terrell County (southwest)
-   Pecos County (west)
-   Crane County (northwest)

Crockett County is among the few counties in the United States to border as many as nine counties.

Demographics

As of the census[25] of 2000, there were 4,099 people, 1,524 households, and 1,114 families residing in the county. The population density was 1.46 people per square mile (0.56/km²). There were 2,049 housing units at an average density of 0.73 per square mile (0.28/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 76.34% White, 0.68% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 19.71% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. 54.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,524 households, out of which 36.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.30% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.90% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.90% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 24.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 98.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,355, and the median income for a family was $34,653. Males had a median income of $29,925 versus $14,695 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,414. About 14.90% of families and 19.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.30% of those under age 18 and 18.20% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Census-designated place

-   Ozona (county seat)

Ghost Town

-   Emerald

There are no incorporated municipalities in Crockett County.

Politics

  Year                               Republican                                  Democratic                                Third parties
  ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------
  style=“text-align:center;” |2016   style=“text-align:center;” |70.3% _980_     style=“text-align:center;” |26.7% _372_   3.1% _43_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2012   style=“text-align:center;” |65.7% _957_     style=“text-align:center;” |32.9% _480_   1.4% _20_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2008   style=“text-align:center;” |66.4% _1,026_   style=“text-align:center;” |33.1% _512_   0.5% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2004   style=“text-align:center;” |72.2% _1,248_   style=“text-align:center;” |27.4% _473_   0.4% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |2000   style=“text-align:center;” |66.1% _924_     style=“text-align:center;” |33.4% _467_   0.5% _7_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1996   style=“text-align:center;” |46.0% _714_     style=“text-align:center;” |44.0% _684_   10.0% _155_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1992   style=“text-align:center;” |37.9% _623_     style=“text-align:center;” |39.7% _653_   22.4% _369_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1988   style=“text-align:center;” |51.2% _932_     style=“text-align:center;” |48.4% _881_   0.3% _6_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1984   style=“text-align:center;” |65.0% _1,094_   style=“text-align:center;” |35.0% _589_   0.1% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1980   style=“text-align:center;” |59.2% _885_     style=“text-align:center;” |39.8% _595_   0.9% _14_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1976   style=“text-align:center;” |49.9% _802_     style=“text-align:center;” |50.0% _804_   0.1% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1972   style=“text-align:center;” |72.1% _851_     style=“text-align:center;” |27.9% _329_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1968   style=“text-align:center;” |37.5% _509_     style=“text-align:center;” |42.0% _571_   20.5% _279_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1964   style=“text-align:center;” |33.8% _409_     style=“text-align:center;” |66.0% _799_   0.3% _3_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1960   style=“text-align:center;” |54.9% _635_     style=“text-align:center;” |44.7% _517_   0.4% _4_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1956   style=“text-align:center;” |69.6% _702_     style=“text-align:center;” |30.2% _305_   0.2% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1952   style=“text-align:center;” |68.1% _654_     style=“text-align:center;” |31.9% _306_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1948   style=“text-align:center;” |23.3% _127_     style=“text-align:center;” |73.4% _400_   3.3% _18_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1944   style=“text-align:center;” |22.8% _112_     style=“text-align:center;” |65.7% _323_   11.6% _57_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1940   style=“text-align:center;” |23.9% _132_     style=“text-align:center;” |76.1% _420_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1936   style=“text-align:center;” |24.4% _75_      style=“text-align:center;” |75.0% _231_   0.7% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1932   style=“text-align:center;” |33.8% _168_     style=“text-align:center;” |66.2% _329_   style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1928   style=“text-align:center;” |82.0% _291_     style=“text-align:center;” |18.0% _64_    style="text-align:center;|
  style=“text-align:center;” |1924   style=“text-align:center;” |61.5% _112_     style=“text-align:center;” |37.9% _69_    0.6% _1_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1920   style=“text-align:center;” |46.8% _80_      style=“text-align:center;” |52.1% _89_    1.2% _2_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1916   style=“text-align:center;” |18.6% _16_      style=“text-align:center;” |75.6% _65_    5.8% _5_
  style=“text-align:center;” |1912   style=“text-align:center;” |8.1% _5_        style=“text-align:center;” |85.5% _53_    6.5% _4_

  : PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS[26]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23] Brochure, Crockett County Museum, Ozona, Texas

[24]

[25]

[26]

title: Crockett County, Texas

question: What does the article say about the history of Crockett County?

answer: Prehistoric people lived in Gobbler Shelter. The earliest known Native American tribes are Tonkawa, Lipan Apache, and Comanche. In 1590, Spanish explorer Gaspar Castaño de Sosa and his expedition the Pecos River. In 1684, Juan Domínguez de Mendoza and his expedition cross the Pecos River and camp at San Pantaleón. In 1849, John Coffee Hays's expedition charted waterholes for transporting people and freight. In 1852, U. S. Army Colonel Joseph K. Mansfield recommends establishing a new post on Live Oak Creek to protect travelers. In 1855, Fort Lancaster is established in response to Mansfield's recommendation. In 1868, Camp Melvin is established. In 1875, Crockett County, named for Davy Crockett, is formed from Bexar County. In 1889, Emerald becomes the first town in Crockett County. In 1891, Crockett County is organized, and Ozona becomes the county seat. In 1938, Ozona erects a statue of Davy Crockett in the town square and Ozona opens the Crockett County Museum in 1939.

question: What does the article say about Davy Crockett's childhood?

question: What does the article say about the standard of living in Crockett County?

answer: The median income for a household in the county was $29,355, and the median income for a family was $34,653. The per capita income for the county was $14,414. About 14.90% of families and 19.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.30% of those under age 18 and 18.20% of those age 65 or over.


text:
The LIBERTY BUILDING (, ), also known as “17 Stories” (), is a 17-story residential tower in Casablanca, Morocco.[1][2][3] It was designed by Léonard Morandi and built between 1949 and 1951.[4] At the time of its construction, it was one of the tallest buildings on the African continent.[5]

History

Léonard Morandi departed on a prospective trip to Morocco at the end of 1946. Morandi ultimately settled in Casablanca in 1947. He received his work permit October 1948, and soon three entrepreneurs from Lyon, Grenoble, and Marseille asked him to build a mixed-use residential and office tower.[6]

Jacques Lemaigre Dubreuil (1894-1955), a French businessman and an activist in favor of Moroccan independence, was among the residents of the Liberty Building. He was assassinated at the foot of the building—ostensibly by _La Main Rouge_; the square, previously “_Place de la Révolution Française_,” was renamed in his honor.[7]

Architecture

This building has 17 stories and reaches a height of 78 meters. It was among the first skyscrapers to be built on the African continent, and it was the first building with more than 16 stories in Morocco.[8]

In addition to its groundbreaking history and its symbolism as the first residential building of its height on the continent, it was innovatively designed.[9][10] The building's floor plan takes the form of a V, which increases natural sunlight, and its southward orientation ensures direct sunlight and reduces the need for heating.[11] The main rooms, all facing south toward the square, are sheltered from ocean breeze often laden with humidity. The building also has private garbage chutes with antiseptic lining that lead to an incinerator.[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Liberty Building (Casablanca)

question: Explain the implication of the statement "At the time of its construction, it was one of the tallest buildings on the African continent".

answer: The statement implies that the Liberty Building is no longer one of the tallest buildings on the African continent.

question: How would the building be different if Jacques Lemaigre Dubreuil hadn't been assassinated?

answer: The Place de la Révolution Française would not have been renamed in his honor.


text:
Analysis by Chris Cillizza, CNN Editor-at-large

Updated 11:36 AM EDT, Fri June 19, 2020

(CNN) John Bolton is a"wacko" and a "sick puppy."

Jim Mattis was the "the world's most overrated general" whose "primary strength was not military, but rather personal public relations."

Jeff Sessions was "not mentally qualified."

John Kelly was "way over his head."

Rex Tillerson was "dumb as a rock."

Those are President Donald Trump's assessments of his former national security adviser, former defense secretary, former Attorney General, former chief of staff and former Secretary of State, respectively.

Surely, the person tasked with making this series of disastrous hires -- at the highest levels of Trump's administration -- has also been fired? Well, no. Because that person is Donald Trump.

"If there was one criticism that I would level against the President is he didn't hire very well,"said Trump's former acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney on CNN Friday morning, in one of the great understatements of 2020 so far. "He did not have experience at running government and didn't know how to put together a team that could work well with him."

The amount of turnover in just Trump's first three years in office is stunning.

Just six of Trump's original Cabinet members remain in their jobs today: Sonny Perdue (Agriculture), Betsy Devos (Education), Steve Mnuchin (Treasury) Elaine Chao (Transportation), Ben Carson (Housing) and Wilbur Ross (Commerce).

According toBrookings' Kathryn Dunn Tenpas, 88% of the "most influential positions within the executive office of the president" have turned over as of June 8. That's the highest rate of departure in a first term since at least Ronald Reagan.

And it's not just that Trump's administration is turning over at historically high rates. Or even that Trump is badmouthing some of his most high-profile hires. (Here's alonger list of former senior staff Trump has attacked.) It's that he made his business acumen -- and, specifically, his hiring skills -- as a central selling point during the 2016 campaign!

In August 2015, after parting ways with on-again, off-again political adviser Roger Stone, Trump told The Washington Post this: "I'm going to surround myself only with the best and most serious people. We want top of the line professionals."

"I am self funding and will hire the best people, not the biggest donors!," Trump pledged in April 2016.

Trump was, to many voters, the guy from "The Apprentice" -- a tough and savvy boss who knew who had "it" and who didn't. His success in business was regarded as proof of that judgment. He wasn't like all of these bloated bureaucrats in Washington! He'd bring in the only the best people!

Trump's first term in office has proven the lie in that perception.

"The Apprentice" was just a TV show. And a heavily edited one at that. Trump's business background was less defined by savvy hires than reliance on a handful of yes men and women as well as his blood relatives.

The truth is that Trump had absolutely no idea what he was doing in hiring for the top spots in his administration. And he handicapped himself even further when he dumped Chris Christie as the head of his presidential transition teamand replaced the former New Jersey governor with incoming Vice President Mike Pence.

As Trump's presidency has worn on, he has tended to revert back to what he knows when it comes to hiring: Elevating people -- Mike Pompeo being the shining example -- who are relentless advocates for him, never raising a question or blinking an eye at what Trump says and does.

Whether you think that is a good thing likely depends on how you feel about Trump. But what's beyond debate is that his much-touted hiring skills are, well, not very skillful. At all.

question: Why did Trump turn on the people he hired?

answer: He came to view them as mentally inferior.

question: What view does the article take on Trump?

answer: The article is critical of his hiring skills.

question: What is ironic about the Trump administration's high turnover rate?

answer: Trump toted his hiring skills as a selling point of his campaign.


text:
Nimblud was a hub for traders and travelers who wished to cross the seas to the west.  The people there built mostly white buildings made of sharp straight angles to long thin points up into the sky.  The rest of the land was fairly flat which made it look like a pin cushion from a distance.  But when it was night the multicolored lights would make the city glow a beautiful kaleidoscope of colors.  This also was a pleasant help to sailors as they came into the city.
A beast who used to be a man walked into the city.  He was larger than any man and barrel chested.  His skin was orange and he had an under-bite and two wide-but short horns growing from the front of his forehead.  His beard was long but missing the hair on top of his head.

The brute wandered into the city and the townsfolk of humans, spirits, and gnomes all strayed away from him.  He walked straight to the local tavern and sat an empty seat at the dice game currently in progress.  “You buying in big fella?” Asked an older man in a robe currently shaking some dice in his hand.  The brute said nothing and just sat staring at him.

“Okay……” the old man dropped the dice into a bowl and everyone watched the dice spin waiting to see if the man had won or lost.  The old man could feel the brute staring at him still but kept his eyes on the dice.

Suddenly the brute smashed the dice table with one of his hands and grabbed the old man up by the front of his robe and slammed him against the opposite wall.  “Remember me?” the brute growled.  Pulling his face closer to the old man and displaying his sharp teeth.

The other players at the table were enraged and went to draw their swords onto the brute but he simply backhanded them and knocked them through the tables behind them.  Then he punched the wall next to the old man’s head creating a fist sized hole in the wall.

“I swear I think you have the wrong person!”  The old man said.

“You made me like this!”  The brute said and threw him back into the other men right as they were getting up.  He stomped towards them all when a man from the corner stabbed him in side.  The brute just stared at him and squashed his head with one of his hands.  Then the pulled the sword out and bite into the blade shattering it.  His wound began to emit a black smoke but then his wound slowly sealed up.

Soon the town guards came in and rushed to attack him.  He caught their glaives in his hands and shattered those blades too.  Stunned the guards stood in shock until the brute ran up and dove into them feet first sending them hurtling outside to smash into a wall and shattering a few of their bones.  When he got up he turned to see the old man running out the back door.

The brute charged after him.  In his pursuit he killed one of the gamblers when his huge foot crushed him in his path.  He leapt through the wall and landed close enough to the old man to grab him by the leg and hold him upside down in front of his face.

“Okay I’m sorry okay!  I did not know it would be permanent!  I didn’t mean to do it!”  The old man pleaded.

He had convinced the brute to try some magical pixie powder he had bought from a traveling mage.  The old man did not want to try it on himself so he convinced a local teenager in the village he was at from across the western villages.  It had transformed that boy into an ogre like creature and wiped his mind of his memories.  At the time he slinked away hoping the brute would never remember what he had did and moved to this village to start a new life.

“Cure me!!!” the brute roared!  “Give me my life back!!”  His thunderous voice echoed into the alleyways.  The rest of the towns guards had surrounded him and the old man during the shouting.  The old man hung there covering his face and trembling.

“I can’t!  I can’t!  I’m not a mage!  I was told it would give me power but I didn’t know how to use it!  I’m sorry!!  I’m sorry!!”

The brute’s anger disappeared from his face and he closed his eyes and looked down at the ground.

Then he swung the old man hard into the ground smashing his face like a watermelon onto the street.  They turned in disgust giving the brute enough time to swing the old man one more time into the guards and clearing a path for him to escape.  He leapt past them and jumped onto a large brick platform that had been resting outside of the town.   It began to rise into the air and once it had gotten off the ground it began to fly away off into the starry night between the desert pyramids.

A figure in the corner sat cross legged with its back towards the brute.  “I told you it was a waste of time.  Once I found out your past I could tell he was just a fool.”

“I know…. But I lost everything and once you gave me back my memories it broke my heart in ways you could never imagine.  I’m no longer Dash the man or Gorrak the damned.  Now I am someone else entirely and I wanted just one more chance to be the person I was originally supposed to be.  Now I have nothing.”

“Then we will call you something different.  Perhaps Korrash is fitting?  Regardless I gave you back your memories and helped you find the man who did this to you.  Are you ready to pledge yourself to me?”  The creature slowly got up and turned around.  Its head and face was wrinkled beyond human capacity.  Like a naked mole rate.  When it flipped up its hood all you could see were two small white pupiless eyes and a tiny mouth with big fish like lips.

“I do.  I pledge my servitude to you Mordid”.  Korrash said as he slumped down to sit down on the floor.  He had lost his past and his future.  All he had now was the present and his promise to Mordid.

They rode in silence atop the levitating brick platform in silence.  The cool wind was refreshing as they passed under the starts in the black night sky.  Mordid thought back pleasantly to day he had sold that transformative powder to that poor old man.

title: [FN] The lost life

question: Summarize how Korrash came to end up working for Mordid.

answer: Korrash entered Nimblud a beast. He used to be a man but someone gave him a portion that turned him into a beast. Now he is on a revenge mission, looking for the man who gave him the portion. As Korrash walked through the city of Nimblud, he found humans, spirits, and gnomes making way for him. He then entered a local tavern where he grabbed an old man and slammed him against the wall. He asked the old man if he remembered him but the man said no. After killing a guard who confronted him, Korrash again grabbed the old man who instantly confessed to recognizing Korrash as well as being the person who gave him the potion that turned him into a beast. The old man also confessed to not knowing how to turn Korrash back to a human having bought the potion from an unknown man who promised the potion will make him strong. Korrash smashed the man's face on the floor, killing him. Korrash returned to the outskirts of the city where he met with Mordid. He thanked Mordid for the intel that led him to the person who turned him into a beast as he pledged his services to him.

question: Why are Mordid's plans for Korrash?


text:
	I don’t think their life could be anymore sweet, only described as a husband and wife in an imaginary home. Their little house made them feel like king and queen living in a faraway castle, where the stories they read always took them. It was an old house for sure, old wooden planks with flaky paint like a birch tree’s bark. Even though they felt alone in their world, their new mother and father watched over them, their true parents died a long time ago.  It was always warm and kind in that house, no matter how cold the winters became. They spent their time in the little nook in the wall up the stairs, in the room with the bookshelf where they shared their summer afternoons and their Christmas Eves, hands intertwined and heads leaning against each other, where they knew their parents couldn’t see them.
	“Rainier?” She asked him, letting her hand slide over the weathered page, her frail hand slipping into his as he set the book read a thousand times down.
	“Aislin?” He smiled and looking into evergreen eyes with a sheen, the lamp glowing in the corner of her eye.
	“Have you ever thought it was like outside this house?” Aislin paused and took a glimpse out the window, the grey skies with the contorted trees, twisted fingers for twigs, pointing out into the cold world outside. “We’ve lived in a book for so long, I don’t know if I can imagine the world outside of our house.”  Rainer pursed his lips in thought, letting his eyes sink to the floor as if his answer was written in the soft carpet.
	“Do you really want to go out there? Just look at the window, it has cracks of ice in it, the trees are mere seconds from turning to monsters and snatching you up!” He smirked with a charming crease, putting an arm about her. “I don’t want to have you taken by those scary looking things!” She pulled away from him, letting his arm fall to his side.
	“I know we’re happy here. I know we’ve spent all this time in our head, reading the stories we could read again and again, live the same stories with the same ending…” She stopped to let her head snap slightly in certain directions, as if trying to calm herself.
	“Rainier, I love this, I love you! But there’s so much more out there! I’ve always known there was something more, like that golden sunrise. We’d watch from the castle spire in our book. Imagine seeing that with our own eyes? Imagine living something that magnificent?” She pleaded him, her frail palms pinned together.
	He paused and breathed, something jerking in his eye. “Once we go out there it would never be the same. We’d always want more; crave that actual sight of the real world. Aislin, I would be afraid something would spark in you, to go into the real world, and run away from me.” He let his head fall between his knees as he peered at the floor, with holding the over flowing dams in his eyes.
	“I’d never leave, never leave you. But just imagine that; imagine the world of the brighter than the black ink we read off?”
	Rainer picked his head up and looked into the evergreen eyes of Aislin, always provoking, but she was right, they had deprived themselves, and maybe it was time to see the world with their own eyes.
	They took their first steps out of their room. The house has gotten older since the last time he saw it, dust on the vases with the drooping plants with darkened carcasses, holes eaten in the hand rail of the stairs. They walked slowly hand in hand down the steps, creaking horribly with age.
	“My legs seem so weak.” Rainier said with his arm supporting Aislin to the best of his strength.
	“Maybe the book did cost us something.” She chortled, taking the final step off the stair with Rainer in tow. Aislin got to the door before he could stop her. The door burst open and smashed against the wall outside with a resounding thunk. For some reason the world was a lot brighter out here than from that little window. The sun was pinned in the high noon sky with excitement, it didn’t move for minutes, hours.
	Aislin loved it, for the days to come she sat on the porch and watched the sunrise. But Rainier became jealous, reading his book with the king and queen who fell in love. But Aislin began to detach from Rainier, just as he suspected would happen on that dreaded morning.
	She became restless sitting with him and reading the story, even to where their parents couldn’t calm her down. She would take long walks in the night to hear the coyotes howl and the wind whistle through the trees. She always brought a candle, of course, for good measure, just to see her foot prints in the snow back to the house she grew more and more disliking for.
	But then the one night she left, she was so tired from her travels she forgot to put out her candle, and knocked it over on top of Rainier’s book that he read another thousand times over. Their little house burned and burned with the fuel of a hundred page life: The life that Rainier and Aislin once shared. Rainier made it with his body in tact but burned. But the Dream called Aislin wasn’t so lucky, the fire swallowing her whole as if it we’re friends with the monstrous trees that Rainier told her about.
	But as he and her family laid her to rest, he shed a single tear for her, dripping into the snow below his feet, the scars in his face still visible, only leaving him a memory of the world he had, which was burned down.

He sat outside the ruins of the little house they once lived, fiddling with a small fragment of the book that manage to endure the fire. His father put a hand on his shoulder, tensing, “She was a good girl. But she wouldn’t want to see you like this.”
“She’d do the same for me, sit here, and wallow in us. Why can’t you understand that?”
“I don’t want you to waste your time reveling in the unchangeable.” Rainer let his head hand between his knees, just like he did that night a long time ago.
	“She can live in my heart, until the day I die.”
The father paused for a moment, and smirked a little and gave his son a pat on his back, looking at the small page left from the fire, “The story must go on, Rainier, you can’t keep reliving this ‘end’.” The father turned and walked away, Rainier left in shambles, crying between his legs

His compass points were washed out by his own tears, metal rusting away after her death. A year had since passed, and the boy walked into school with his over bared back and the now common statue-frown on his face, the burn scars there too.
	It was a different start than what you might think. He had his usual day walking into school, the Principle, Ms. Sentria; stood by her usual window looking at all the cars go by. The children were sitting in the lobby talking smack and school politics.
“Morning, Rainier.” The Principle said to him as he peeled through the doors.
He didn’t say anything, just wrapped in his head, sitting with the mental embers of his long-gone house.
He took his place in front of his water fountain, about to take a drink. The water tasted different to him, sweeter, as if each drop of water had a drop of honey with it too. He licked his lips of what was left and bent back upwards. A boy named Mr. Able grasped his shoulder quickly, startling Rainier.
	“Whoa, relax dude I’m not gonna kill you. Hey, come with me and meet some of my friends!” Rainier stood staring at him, eyeing him, turning his presence over and over in his head. Mr. Able stated right back at him, taking a moment to put a comforting hand on his weary shoulder, wanting to free this boy from his troubles.
	“We miss her too, more than you know. But just because she’s gone doesn’t mean you have to live as a statue.” Rainier cringed at his remarks, shrugging off his hand.
	“Able I know you care, about her, about me. But our life was torn down, burned with the book we read. I know you care, but I rather be a statue, so I could at last pretend to be frozen, and maybe forget to breathe someday.” Rainier held his tears well in his eyes as he almost got out of his arms reach.
	“But who isn’t to say that her void could be filled? Walk with me; I want you to meet some friends of mine.” Rainier paused a moment, seeing the embers of their house begin to die.
	“Go on Rainier.” Aislin’s voice said to him, somewhere cramped in a cupboard in his head. “Taste something sweet for once.”
	Rainier, let his dams break in his eyes, trickling like the waning icicles of his internal winter, lifting to the spring in which he found here—with new friends.
	The new friend he made showed him to all of those people. What brilliant folk they were too, with warm eyes and playful hair that swayed in the back draft of friendly conversation. They talked and talked for what seemed like minutes, but (only until they heard later) ended up being three hours. Their Principle still stood at the window and watched the cars go by, now brighter, quieter. My friend, the one who startled me at the water fountain, Mr. Able hushed all of the chatter to ask the question no one wanted answered.

	“Are we late for class Ms. Sentria?” The Principle reveled the question a moment, as if swishing it around in her head, like mouth rinse.
	She replied with a relaxed tone in her breath, “Class started three hours ago—but I let school out early today.
	“But why,” All the students said collectively, beginning to haul their bags onto their shoulders and leave the lobby where the sense of home began to set in, “The sun is still shining, nobody died, what’s the problem?” She smirked at the crowd, all with the questioning look in their eyes.
	“Everyone put their bags down, stretch a little, and listen up, I have a little—observation I want to talk about.”
	This was different. For as long as Rainier or Able could remember, Ms. Sentria was a cold as stone and about as hard as one too. Even her soft side was comparable to snow, even though soft, the needle pricks of the frigid blanket. She was even having trouble collecting herself now, and it began to scare all the students. She was the perfect human replica of a robot, but now her human side began to break through her tough skin.
	“I think we all remember when Rainier and Aislin were put into the hospital after the house they stayed in was burned to the ground. Rainier, I hate to put you in the hot seat, but I’ve never seen a human being so much like a statue in my forty years of being a Principle here at this school.” Rainier sank into his seat at the thought of Aislin.
	“I lost the greatest dream in my life, even her name meant it.” Rainier mumbled just loud enough for all of them to hear.
	“You had your swings, your times when you fell on your face in the dirt and didn’t want to get up, but then you disappeared for a year. We all missed you dearly.” All the students hung their heads now in the thought of that dreaded time.
	“But—.” He tried to cut in, but the Principle
	“This morning, I’ve never seen something so—beautiful. I’ve been here long enough to know this school isn’t exactly the most accepting. But this morning, I’m pointing at you Mr. Able, where you grabbed Mr. Middle’s shoulder and helped him find his home again. You may have all thought I was staring out the window into the road, just watching the cars, but I was really listening to you all. Rainier, I’ve never seen you more alive than this…”
	“I’ve never been so alive!” Rainier collapsed, his new friends supporting him as he cried, with their own tears creeping out of the cracks in their eye sockets.
	“I was such a fool! I spent so much time outside that little place, as a statue, a monument to her death. But Now that I’m here, you all saved me, even you mutes!”
	Those hours he just lived, the ones spent on the floor in the window sunlight, talking about all of life and its actors. He had never been so warm before, even in Aislin’s arms. Ms. Sentria walked for the door, her heels clacking on the floor.
	“You can stay for as long as you want, just lock the door when you all leave.” She pushed through the door and walked outside, and I swear I saw a tear drop roll onto the concrete outside.
	“Thank you, Mr. Able.” Rainier laughed as he lightly punched Mr. Able in the arm.
	“Ha! Don’t thank me bro, I’m just glad I could help you find your Sweetwater.”
	Aislin appeared in faded pixels to Rainier’s eyes, tears in the evergreens in her head. “Nice to taste something sweet isn’t it?”

title: House with a Drop of Sweetwater

question: Why does Rainier feel as though he's never been so alive?

answer: Rainier feels alive because he has had the opportunity to speak about his past, and feels more welcome and therefore saved from his solitude.

question: How does the story present the relationship between Aislin and Rainier?

answer: Rainier sees Aislin as the love of his life - he has been stuck in a period of mourning since her death. They were in love and she was his dream come true. The relationship seems to be less strong just before Aislin dies.

question: What was the plot of the book Aislin and Rainier were reading about?

question: Why does Aislin seem to detach from her relationship with Rainier?

answer: It is unclear, but it appears as though Aislin has grown bored with her life in the small house, so she seeks adventure elsewhere by going on long walks outside.


text:
TYNDALL NATIONAL INSTITUTE is a European research centre in integrated ICT (Information and Communications Technology) hardware and systems and works with industry and academia to transform research into products. Core research areas include photonics and electronics.

History

Tyndall is named after physicist John Tyndall.[1] His interests spanned around the following – heat, sound, light and environmental phenomena.

John Tyndall is best known for the explanation of why the sky is blue.[2] This is known as the Tyndall Effect. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere the light is scattered by small particles suspended in the atmosphere. The blue light that we see is known as Tyndall Blue.[3]

John Tyndall developed a practical demonstration of the propagation of light though a tube of water via multiple internal reflections. This he referred to as the light-pipe, which was a forerunner of the optical fibre used in modern communications technology.[4]

Tyndall was founded in the complex of buildings known as the “Lee Maltings”, Cork, Ireland. The site was first developed as a flour mill in 1787. The Lee Mill was the largest water-powered flour and corn milling installation at the time on the River Lee.[5]

In 1797, just 10 years later, the mill became The River Lee Porter Brewery. The brewery operated until 1813, where it was taken over by Beamish & Crawford (B&C).[6]

The Lee Maltings was bought by University College Cork in 1968 and converted to laboratories.[7]

In 1979 a silicon wafer-fabrication laboratory was established to provide R&D and specialised training facilities for the semi-conductor manufacturing industry.[8]

The National Microelectronics Research Centre (NMRC) was established in 1981.[9]

Infrastructure

Tyndall research facilities occupy six floors, including basement, laboratory, plant and open atrium space totaling c.5,600m2 in area.[10]

The existing site comprises the Lee-Maltings Complex and some UCC teaching facilities. The site is a protected structure and consists of a number of buildings of varying age. The complex is bounded on its north side by the River Lee, on the west side by the Presentation College and on its south and east sides by Dyke Parade and Prospect Row.

The form of the Research Building stems primarily from its scientific and servicing requirements, as well as its relationship to the existing buildings and site. Three floors of flexible laboratory space were built over a tall ground floor and basement, which contains the specialist clean room areas.

Research

As the national institute for micro/nanoelectronics and photonics, and a research flagship of University College Cork, Tyndall employs over 500 researchers, engineers and professional support staff, with a cohort of 120 full-time post graduate students. Together with UCC they generate around 250 peer-reviewed publications annually.[11]

In 2019, Tyndall announced that it secured over €8m in European funding as part of the Horizon 2020 programme.[12] Tyndall will lead four of the 15 international multi-partner projects which it won in 2019, including a major photonics pilot line for medical technologies, a Marie-Sklowdoska-Curie career development programme for 27 fellows, two energy projects and another in cryogenic electronics for quantum technologies.[13]

This funding cements Tyndall as one of Europe’s leading institutes in the area of ‘deep tech’, the use of majorly advanced technology that will have a profound effect on the lives of citizens, as well as industry. Deep tech is used in the areas of robotics, engineering, smart industry and medical devices.[14]

PHOTONICS

Photonics devices used in the generation, control and manipulation of light are changing the way in which society live their lives.

Key application areas:

-   Highly functional, low-cost photonic integrated circuits are needed for widespread high-bandwidth broadband availability
-   LEDs can provide visible light communications over short distances.
-   With the evolution of data centres there is a critical need for much reduced energy usage.
-   Light-based medical treatments and diagnostic tools will permit precise medical procedures and earlier detection of illness.
-   Light based sensors can detect tiny amounts of gases and other materials as our environmental concerns grow which photovoltaics allows us to harness light energy.

'''Micro & Nano Systems '''

Tyndall Micro & Nano Systems Centre focuses on modelling and development of materials, devices and systems for integrated information and communications technology (ICT) applications.

Key research themes include:

-   Emerging Materials & Devices - for applications ranging from low-power nanoelectronics to energy conversion to sensing.
-   Micro-Power Platforms - for smart, connected “things”, Internet of Things applications and autonomous devices.
-   Integrated Circuit Design - low-power analogue & mixed signal and radio frequency.
-   Integrated Sensors - for agri-food, the environment and healthcare.
-   Systems Integration - for the future.

[1]

[2]  retrieved 2019-11-14

[3]  retrieved 2019-11-14

[4]  retrieved 2019-11-14

[5]  retrieved 2019-11-14

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]  retrieved 2019-11-14

[10] https://www.tyndall.ie/facility-description Tyndall.ie retrieved 2/10/2019

[11] https://www.ucc.ie/en/research/news-events/news/tyndall-to-progress-major-expansion-under-the-governments-national-development-plan.html UCC.ie retrieved 2/10/2019

[12] https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/tyndall-national-institute-secures-additional-8m-in-eu-funding-948381.html Irishexaminer.com retrieved 2/10/2019

[13]

[14]

title: Tyndall National Institute

question: Where is the Tyndall National Institute based?

answer: Europe.

question: What is its objective?

answer: It's a research center in the field of integrated ICT (Information and Communications Technology) hardware and systems and works with industry and academia to transform research into products.

question: Where is its research flagship?

answer: University College of Cork.

question: After whom is the institute named?

answer: Physicist John Tyndall.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Tyndall National Institute is a research center the field of integrated ICT (Information and Communications Technology) hardware and systems and works with industry and academia to transform research into products. Based in Europe, with a flagship research program at the University College of Cork, the institution has secured funding from the Horizon 2020 program, which will be allocated mostly to areas of "deep tech": he use of majorly advanced technology that will have a profound effect on the lives of citizens, as well as industry. Deep tech is used in the areas of robotics, engineering, smart industry and medical devices.


text:
'The Solid Comfort of the Underground': Hundreds of extraordinary Tube posters dating back a century to fetch £500,000 at auction

-   Amazing collection of more than 300 vintage posters expected to go at Christie's auction for £800 to £15,000 each
-   Posters from 1913 to 1955 made following decision by independent operators in 1908 to join forces on advertising
-   Collection includes futuristic vision of London, and one suggesting people should go shopping outside of peak hours

 Published: 16:34 EST, 24 September 2012 | Updated: 12:26 EST, 25 September 2012

Advertisement

An extraordinary collection of more than 300 vintage London Underground posters which date back to as early as pre-World War One are set to fetch a combined £500,000 at auction next week.

The posters, which include slogans such as 'Shop Between Ten & Four’, 'Please Pass Along The Platform' and 'The Lure of the Underground' are expected to go for £800 to £15,000 each.

Auctioneers Christie’s described the chance to buy the posters - which date from 1913 to 1955 and are being held in South Kensington, south-west London - as ‘unrivalled and never-to-be-repeated’.

[Futuristic: 'London 2026 AD - This is all in the air' was a posted by Montague B Black, designed in 1926, that presents a fascinating vision of London in the future, with an airport at London Bridge]

Futuristic: 'London 2026 AD - This is all in the air' was a posted by Montague B Black, designed in 1926, that presents a fascinating vision of London in the future, with an airport at London Bridge

[Directions: This central area lithograph in colours map of the Underground was printed in 1934 by Waterlow & Sons, although the designer was listed as 'anonymous']

Directions: This central area lithograph in colours map of the Underground was printed in 1934 by Waterlow & Sons, although the designer was listed as 'anonymous'

The Tube was known as ‘the longest art gallery in the world’ after advertising began in 1908 when the six independent railway operators running it decide to promote ‘the Underground’ together.

Their plan was to increase passenger numbers and they commissioned top designers to promote anything from off-peak travel to sports fixtures, as well as leisure outings and seasonal sales.

There was huge public demand over the following years to purchase the posters, and around 150 copies of each were made available to buy for between two and five shillings in the 1910s.

In the Twenties and Thirties, top designers such as Fred Taylor and Austin Cooper were attracted by the status of winning a commission, while other artists got their big break on the hoardings.

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

Advertising: 'Smelling the Riches of London' (left), a poster by Frederick Charles Herrick in 1927; then 'At London's Service' by Misha Black and Kraber from 1947 (right)

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

Instructions: 'Shop Between Ten & Four' (left) was by Annie Gertrude Fletcher in 1926, printed by Chorley & Pickersgill of Leeds; while the iconic 'Please Pass Along the Platform' (right) was by Cyril Kenneth Bird in 1944

The Underground and London Transport - its successor from 1933 - kept duplicate copies of most of the posters it produced, and it is from there that the selection offered for auction by Christie's. has been drawn.

'Offering this carefully curated duplicate selection will help us to sustain and care for the core collection for future generations'

Sam Mullins, London Transport Museum director

The auction will be held next Thursday, October 4. Fifty highlights from the collection were on display during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in July and August.

The posters were taken from London Transport Museum archives and all money raised from the auction will be held by the museum for use in future buying, conservation and restoration.

Sam Mullins, director of London Transport Museum, said: ‘The complete LTM collection comprises over 40,500 posters and artworks.

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

Historic: The Aldershot Command Searchlight Tattoo, to give it its full name, was a huge event in the inter-war years that included military performances. This 1934 poster (left) was by Andrew Power (a pseudonym for Sybil Andrews and Cyril Power). Meanwhile 'The Lure of the Underground' (right) was by Alfred Leete in 1927

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

[ORIGINAL LONDON UNDERGROUND POSTERS]

Trips: A poster advertising the Wimbledon tennis tournament (left) by Andrew Power from 1933; and a poster headed 'Kenwood' by George Sheringham in 1926 (right)

‘Offering this carefully curated duplicate selection will help us to sustain and care for the core collection for future generations.’

'We hope that the King Street exhibition of highlights, as well as the full sale exhibition pre-sale, will provide insight into the often forgotten rich artistic past of the London Underground'

Nicolette Tomkinson, Christie’s director

Christie’s director Nicolette Tomkinson said the auctioneer is ‘privileged’ to have been entrusted with ‘some of the most recognisable and sought-after designs in the history of vintage posters’.

She added: ‘We hope that the King Street exhibition of highlights, as well as the full sale exhibition pre-sale, will provide insight into the often forgotten rich artistic past of the London Underground.’

The world record price for a travel poster sold at auction is held by Christie’s, after Man Ray’s iconic design for London Transport, called 'Keeps London Going', sold for a whopping £50,400 in 2007.

-   Following the King Street public exhibition in July and August, there is a full sale exhibition of the posters between September 29 and October 3 at Christie’s in South Kensington, 85 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3LD - before the actual auction on October 4 at 11am

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question: How much are the posters expected to sell for at the auction?

answer: The posters are expected to fetch 500,000 pounds at the auction, and each individual item has a value ranging from 800 pounds to 15,000 pounds. They were made from 1913 to 1955 following a decision by independent operators in 1908 to join forces in advertising on the tube.


text:
_THE MIRACLE-WORKERS_ is a science fiction novella by Jack Vance published in 1958. It was first published in _Astounding Science Fiction_ in the July 1958 edition. It is about humans on an Earth-like planet which was colonized by space travellers many centuries ago. In the intervening years, the inhabitants have lost their understanding of science and have regressed to a Medieval state of technology, aided by their use of voodoo, telepathy, and magic. Change is set in motion when a maverick apprentice Jinxman starts to rediscover the scientific method and learn about science.

Setting and background

The story is about a colony of human space voyagers founded when they took refuge on the Earth-like planet of Pangborn 1,600 years ago during a space war. The first colonists were still worried about the risk of attack, so they built huge fortresses and mounted heavy weapons from the spaceships on the ramparts. At the time of the story, the society has lost all of their knowledge of modern science, except for a small number of still-functioning air-cars.

They use a Medieval level of technology, such as horse-drawn carriages and simple tools. The planet is divided into feudal territories that are defended by mounted knights and foot soldiers carrying crossbows, swords and spears. To supplement these weapons, they have developed a type of telepathy which is used as a battle weapon. The telepathy is done by skilled “Jinxmen”, who cast spells and manipulate enemy troops using wooden cabinets filled with small voodoo dolls representing their opponents.

The “First Folk” (also called “autochthon”) are indigenous hominids who live in the forested areas. They were brutally hunted down by the initial human colonists. While the human colonists gradually lost their scientific knowledge, the First Folk took up the scientific method that the first colonists showed them and continued to develop it over the centuries.

Plot

In the story, much of the planet is ruled by Lord Faide. He is close to conquering the final feudal lord who opposes him, Lord Ballant, and is on the march to attack Lord Ballant's fortress with an army of knights, foot soldiers, and telepathic “Jinxmen”-sorcerers. However, his army faces a second challenge: the First Folk are growing forests in the path of the army, which blocks their passage.

The First Folk are angry at the historic slaughter of their ancestors and about their planet being taken over by the colonists, so they defend the forest. They are adept at using traps such as deadfalls, so if the army has to go through the First Folk’s new forests, they will be vulnerable to attack from the First Folk. Lord Faide’s advisors suggest that he detour around the forests, but this will give Lord Ballant time to bring in reinforcements.

A young apprentice of Lord Faide’s head Jinxman has been experimenting with scientific approaches to defeating the First Folk. The apprentice has been studying the ancient scientific texts from their space-faring ancestors. After Lorde Faide wins the battle against Lord Ballant, he is for a time the overlord of the planet. However, the peace does not last long, as the First Folk launch a guerrilla war against the colonists using the First Folk's scientifically-bred army of arthropod creatures, which they are producing as bioweapons on an industrial scale.

Lord Faide first tries to fight the First Folk and their arthropods with his army’s crossbows and swords, but these are not effective. He next brings in his team of Jinxmen-sorcerers, but their effectiveness relies on a mixture of telepathically getting into the mind of a human enemy, and on manipulating and tricking them. Given that the enemy in the guerrilla war are First Folk hominids and arthropods, the Jinxmen’s voodoo and tricks do not work. Lord Faide has to turn to the young apprentice’s study of science.

Reception

The story’s exploration of imperialism and colonialism was noted, as was the examination of the Renaissance of the scientific method.

Category:Short stories by Jack Vance Category:1958 short stories Category:Military science fiction Category:1950s science fiction works Category:Books about extraterrestrial life Category:Fiction portraying humans as aliens

title: The Miracle Workers (Vance story)

question: Summarize the background information for "The Miracle Workers."

answer: The story is about a colony of human space voyagers founded when they took refuge on the Earth-like planet of Pangborn 1600 years ago during a space war. The first colonists were worried about the risk of attack, so they built huge fortresses and mounted heavy weapons from the spaceships on the ramparts. The society had lost all of their knowledge of modern science, with the exception of a small number of air-cars.

question: What was the reception to the story?

answer: The story's exploration of imperialism and colonialism was noted, as was the examination of the Renaissance of the scientific method.

question: How many copies of the novella were sold?


text:
The UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR FARM AND FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICES was the third-ranking official in the United States Department of Agriculture prior to reorganization of several mission areas, announced on May 11, 2017. The mission area of USDA's purpose was to “help to keep America's farmers and ranchers in business as they face the uncertainties of weather and markets...” and that “...deliver[s] commodity, credit, conservation, disaster, and emergency assistance programs that help improve the stability and strength of the agricultural economy.”[1] The Under Secretary was traditionally appointed to serve as the President of the Commodity Credit Corporation.

The Under Secretary was appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate to serve at the pleasure of the President. The Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services mission area was divided into the mission areas of Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC) and Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, completing the creation of an Undersecretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs which was mandated by the 2014 Farm Bill.

Overview

The Under Secretary is the principal officer of the United States Department of Agriculture charged with administering programs and providing services which focus on supporting a sustainable and competitive American agricultural system. The Under Secretary administers agricultural commodity insurance, farm loans, conservation, environmental, emergency assistance, and domestic and international food assistance programs. These programs are intended to provide cost-effective means of managing risk for agricultural producers in order to improve the economic stability of agriculture. The Under Secretary's mission area also represents the diverse interests of the U.S. food and agricultural sector abroad by managing the Department's international activities, addressing market access constraints, and working to expand markets for U.S. agricultural, fish and forest products overseas.

The Under Secretary provides leadership and oversight for the Farm Service Agency, the Risk Management Agency, and the Foreign Agricultural Service. The President normally appoints the Under Secretary as President of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), though in the past this latter responsibility has sometimes been held by other USDA officials. The Under Secretary for FFAS also normally chairs the interagency Food Assistance Policy Council and is a member of the interagency Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG).

The Under Secretary is the third highest-ranking official within the Agriculture Department, ranking behind the Secretary and Deputy Secretary, and holds a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2010, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $165,300.

History

The Department of Agriculture was made a Cabinet-level department in 1889. For many years, the Secretary of Agriculture supervised chiefs of bureaus of the Department, as was the norm throughout the U.S. government. Subsequently, a single subcabinet position of Assistant Secretary was created. Over time, this position was upgraded to Under Secretary, under which in turn was a single Assistant Secretary.

In 1953, Secretary Ezra Taft Benson lobbied for the creation of additional Assistant Secretary positions, which Congress approved that summer. Two of these positions, the Assistant Secretary for the Foreign Agricultural Service and the Assistant Secretary for Commodity Marketing and Adjustment, were merged in September 1953, and in December of that year the vacant position was redesignated Assistant Secretary for Stabilization. Between 1953 and 1962 the responsibilities of today's Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services were thus shared by two Assistant Secretaries, for “Stabilization” and for “Marketing and Foreign Agriculture”. The former oversaw the Commodity Stabilization Service and its successors, including the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, while the latter oversaw the Agricultural Marketing Service and the Foreign Agricultural Service. In 1963, the positions were reshuffled, with foreign agriculture (oversight of the Foreign Agricultural Service and the newly created International Agricultural Development Service) assigned to an Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, and marketing and stabilization combined under an Assistant Secretary for Marketing and Consumer Services. In 1969, responsibility for both foreign affairs and farm support (stabilization) programs was consolidated into a single position entitled Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, with marketing remaining under its own, separate Assistant Secretary.

The Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 upgraded the Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs to Under Secretary. At the time, it was the only Under Secretary-level subcabinet position in USDA, as the official previously called Under Secretary had been retitled as Deputy Secretary, in keeping with common U.S. government practice. Subsequent USDA reorganizations, notably that of 1994, upgraded most USDA subcabinet officials to Under Secretary status, however.

Dorothy Jacobson, a longtime aide to Orville Freeman, was the first woman appointed to one of these positions, in 1964. This made her the first woman to serve in a subcabinet position in USDA.[2]

Another former assistant secretary, James T. Ralph, was a figure in the Billie Sol Estes scandal and was forced to leave Federal service. This scandal led directly to the 1963 shakeup of USDA, a reassignment of responsibilities for oversight of commodity programs, and investigation of allegations of corrupt activities by state-level employees of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service.

As trade in agricultural products continued to expand, and foreign markets became the primary destination for many U.S. grown commodities, there was increasing pressure to have a more visible member of USDA dedicated solely to expanding trade opportunities and resolving issues. Section 3208 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 mandated “The Secretary... shall propose a reorganization of international trade functions for imports and exports of the Department of Agriculture.”[3] Though enacted on February 7, 2014, the plan to formalize the reorganization was not announced until May 11, 2017.[4] The plan put forth by USDA Secretary Sonny Perdue dissolved the Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services mission area and created a new mission area for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, which houses the Foreign Agricultural Service, and the Farm Production and Conservation mission area, which contains the Farm Service Agency, Risk Management Agency, and Natural Resources Conservation Service (previously a part of the Natural Resources and Environment (NRE) mission area).

Reporting officials

Officials reporting to the Under Secretary include:

-   Deputy Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services
-   Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service
-   Administrator, Farm Service Agency
-   Administrator, Risk Management Agency

Officeholders

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION
  Romeo Ennis Short, Assistant Secretary for the Foreign Agricultural Service, July 21, 1953 – September 28, 1953
  Ross Rizley, Assistant Secretary, December 1953 – December 1954
  James A. McConnell, Assistant Secretary for Stabilization, January 1955 – December 1955
  Marvin L. McLain, Assistant Secretary for Agricultural Stabilization, ?1956–1961?
  KENNEDY – JOHNSON ADMINISTRATIONS
  James Tyree Ralph, Assistant Secretary for Agricultural Stabilization, January 1961 – March 1962 _(fired for accepting gifts from Billie Sol Estes; Sec. Freeman subsequently shook up the USDA assistant secretary responsibilities)_
  Roland R. Renne, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, March 1963 to March 1964
  Dorothy Houston Jacobson, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, March 20, 1964–1969?
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  NIXON-FORD ADMINISTRATIONS _(foreign agriculture and agricultural stabilization merged under one assistant secretary)_
  Clarence D. Palmby, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, January 1969 – June 1972
  Carroll G. Brunthaver, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, June 1972 – January 1974
  Clayton Keith Yeutter, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, March 1974–1975
  Richard E. Bell, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, July 1975–1977
  CARTER ADMINISTRATION
  Dale E. Hathaway, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, April 1977–1981
  _position elevated to Under Secretary status in 1978 by Act of Congress_
  REAGAN ADMINISTRATION
  Seeley G. Lodwick, Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, 1981 – January 1983
  Daniel Gordon Amstutz, Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, May 1983 – August 1987
  GEORGE H.W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION
  Richard T. Crowder, Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, April 1989 – July 1992
  CLINTON ADMINISTRATION
  Eugene Moos, Under Secretary for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, March 1993–1997
  ''International Affairs and Commodity Programs renamed Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services in 1994 reorganization, authorized by Act of Congress ''
  August Schumacher, Jr., Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, 1997–2001
  GEORGE W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION
  J.B. Penn, Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, May 2001 – August 21, 2006
  Mark Everett Keenum, Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, 2007 – January 2009
  OBAMA ADMINISTRATION
  James W. Miller, Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, April 8, 2009 – January 2011
  Michael T. Scuse, Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, May 14, 2012 – 2017
  TRUMP ADMINISTRATION
  Bill Northey, Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services, March 6, 2018 – present
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1]

[2] 'FAS Letter' Apr–May 1964

[3]

[4]  USDA|website=www.usda.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-11-25}}

question: Summarize the relationship between the President and the Under Secretary.

answer: The Under Secretary was traditionally appointed by the President of the United States. The appointment was given with the consent of the United States to serve at the pleasure of the President. The President also normally appoints the Under Secretary as President of the Commodity Credit Corporation.

question: Summarize everything that happened in 2014.

answer: In February 2014, the Agricultural Act of 2014 was enacted during the Obama administration. The act mandated "The Secretary...shall propose a reorganization of international trade functions for imports and exports of the Department of Agriculture." The plan to formalize the reorganization didn't happen until May 2017. A bill in 2014, the 2014 Farm Bill, mandated that the Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services mission area would be divided into the mission areas of Farm Production and Conservation and Trade and Foreign Agricultural for Trade and Foreign Affairs. In 2014, Michael T. Scuse was the Under Secretary.

question: What does the text say about 1953?

answer: In 1953, Secretary Ezra Taft Benson lobbied for the creation of additional Assistant Secretary positions. Congress approved this in the summer of the same year. By September, the positions of Assistant Secretary for the Foreign Agricultural Service and the Assistant Secretary for Commodity Marketing and Adjustment were merged and shared the responsibilities of today's Under Secretary. In December the vacant position was redesignated Assistant Secretary for Stabilization. During the Eisenhower Administration, Romeo Ennis Short served as Assistant Secretary for the Foreign Agricultural Service from July 1953 until September 1953. In December of 1953, Ross Rizley became Assistant Secretary.

question: What does the text say about GMOs?


text:
[in n out employee pay]

Employees at In-N-Out Burger start at a higher-than-average salary of at least $13 an hour.
 Adam Lau/AP
-   IN-N-OUT BURGER PAYS ITS EMPLOYEES REALLY WELL.
-   STORE MANAGERS EARN AN AVERAGE YEARLY SALARY OF MORE THAN $160,000, MORE THAN WHAT THE TYPICAL TECH WORKER IN SILICON VALLEY MAKES FOR THE YEAR.
-   HIGH WAGES FOR FAST-FOOD WORKERS CAN LEAD TO INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY, LESS EMPLOYEE TURNOVER, AND BIGGER PROFITS IN THE LONG RUN.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

There's a secret sauce to In-N-Out Burger's success. It pays employees really well.

The West Coast burger sensation pays store managers an average yearly salary of more than $160,000, which is about triple the industry average, according to the latest California Sun newsletter. There is no college degree or previous management experience required.

To put this into perspective, tech workers in Silicon Valley earn on average $114,654 for the year, according to a survey from hiring platform Dice.

"In-N-Out is just eons above everybody else," Saru Jayaraman, an advocate for restaurant workers in the Bay Area and director of the Food Labor Research Center at UC Berkeley, told California Sun's Mike McPhate. "On wages and benefits, they really are the best large chain."

Employees start at a higher-than-average salary of at least $13 an hour and have the opportunity to advance to six figures as a store manager. A typical architect in California makes about $112,000 a year, while a lawyer rakes in $117,000, according to jobs site Indeed.

[]

Employees at In-N-Out Burger say they're more satisfied than others at tech giants like Google and Microsoft.
 Melia Robinson/Business Insider
The burger chain offers benefits including 401(k) plans, paid vacation, and dental and vision coverage for part- and full-time employees — a rarefied package in the fast-food industry. In a Glassdoor ranking of the best places to work in 2018, In-N-Out earned the No. 4 spot and beat out tech giants like Google and Microsoft. It was the only restaurant chain in the top 50.

Denny Warnick, vice president of operations at In-N-Out, told California Sun that paying employees well has always been part of the company culture.

 In 1948, Harry and Esther Snyder opened the first In-N-Out in a Los Angeles suburb with quality service as a central focus. "Paying their associates well was just one way to help maintain that focus, and those beliefs remain firmly in place with us today," Warnick told California Sun.

It's not an act of charity, according to Jayaraman. Her research shows that paying employees well leads to better productivity, less employee turnover, and bigger profits.

In-N-Out is growing. The burger chain recently announced it's opening a distribution center in Colorado, which could allow it to expand beyond the West Coast. All stores must be located close to these hubs because of the company's strict policy of serving food fresh, not frozen.

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question: What is remarkable about the pay packages of In-N-out burgers?

answer: The fast-food restaurant pays its workers really well. Store managers earn $160,000 per annum more than the average architect, lawyer or Silicone Valley tech worker. New employees start on $13 per hour. Managers don't need a college degree or previous management experience. They can work their way up the ranks.

question: Why does in-N-out burger pay such high wages?

answer: According to the vice president of operations paying employees well is part of the company culture. It helps employees to remain focused. Management believes that high wages pay dividends in the long run as productivity improves in part because of better employee turnover.

question: How do profits at In-N-Out Burger compare with other similar fast food outfits?


text:
Sir David Attenborough, the naturalist and former controller of BBC Two, has criticised the BBC for failing to broadcast enough arts and culture programmes, saying it must cater for all tastes even if they are not watched by millions.

Sir David, who helped introduce colour television to Britain and commissioned some of the BBC’s best-loved shows, said there are a “lot of gaps” in the corporation’s coverage now, thanks in part to too much focus on viewing figures.

“The cultural, the arts programmes,” he said, when asked what the public service broadcaster, paid for by the licence fee, was lacking.

“I don’t think the BBC does enough. It’s not enough simply to say, ‘Well, it doesn’t get a big enough audience.’

“If you’re a public service broadcaster, what you should be saying is, ‘We will show the broad spectrum of human interest.’

“People of all kinds should be catered for. You can measure success not necessarily by the maximum size of the audience, but by the maximum width of the spectrum, and see whether there aren’t any gaps in it and how you’re filling them.

“There are lots of gaps in the BBC’s coverage now, in my view, and that’s because they are harried and badgered by all sorts of people.”

In an interview with the Radio Times, celebrating its 95th year, he added: “But if the BBC was to disappear from our homes one morning, surely we’d miss it desperately? You’ve only got to go to America to know that.”

Sir David began his career at the BBC in the early 1950s, with early shows including Zoo Quest in 1954, and became controller of channel Two in 1965.

There, he introduced colour television and commissioned programmes including The Old Grey Whistle Test, Monty Python's Flying Circus and Civilisation, the 13-part arts series by Kenneth Clark.

Now best-known for his natural history broadcasting, his latest BBC series, Blue Planet II, was the most-watched TV programme of 2017 and reached 37.6 million viewers in the UK, according to the BBC.

Speaking to the magazine, which has featured him on the cover more times than anyone except the Queen, the 92-year-old broadcaster said shared early discussions about television including a long debate over what to call the role now universally known as the “presenter”.

“In 1952, you made an appointment with television and shaped your evening around that,” he said. “You’d paid your licence money, and so you felt that you’d better watch it all – you had, as it were, bought it.

“But the way that television is used now is transforming. The mere fact you’ve got these various devices for catch-up television is comforting in a way, because you can dial up a programme that you heard someone talking about.

“I read the reviews in the press and think, ‘Why haven’t I watched that?’ And so you catch up.

“In a way, I’m surprised that television hasn’t changed more. There’s quite a lot that people hang on to.”

Sir David said that new technology had made documentary making more accessible and encouraged young producers to take up the mantle.

"Now the technology is so versatile, so small, anybody can make a natural history programme," he added.

"It's just a matter of time. When people say, 'How do I become a natural history film-maker?' - the answer is, 'Do it! It couldn't be easier."'

A BBC spokesman said: “David rightly recognises the importance of arts and cultural programming in public service broadcasting and no other comes close to the BBC’s commitment - from Civilisations and Performance Live, to regular arts discussion programmes and the forthcoming year-long Our Classical Century - that said, we would love to do even more, which is why the BBC has said that we need to look at ways of increasing our income.”

The full interview is in Radio Times magazine.

question: What is Sir David Attenborough's opinion of the BBC program offer?

answer: He believes that there are a lot of gaps in their coverage. He refers particularly to arts culture programming. He feels that the BBC are too worried about how many people watch programs rather than catering for a broad spectrum of people.

question: How have television viewing habits changed since the 1950s?

answer: In 1952, you made an appointment with television and shaped your evening around that. You’d paid your license money, and so you felt that you’d better watch it all. Today catch-up devices are transforming the way people watch television because they can go back and watch programs that receive good reviews.

question: What does the article say about David Attenborough's reputation?