text:
GEORG AUTENRIETH (3 November 1833, in Schwand - 8 June 1900, in Nuremberg) was a German philologist and educator.

From 1852 he studied philosophy, philology and theology at the University of Erlangen, and after completion of studies, taught classes on different subjects at the gymnasium in Erlangen (1857–1872). In 1869 he received the title of professor. Later on, he served as rector at gymnasiums in Zweibrücken (1872–84) and Nuremberg (Melanchthon-Gymnasium; 1884–1900).[1][2]

Published works

He was the author of a popular Homeric dictionary, _Wörterbuch zu den Homerischen Gedichten_ (1873, 9th edition 1902), that was translated into English and published as _A Homeric dictionary, for schools and colleges_ (1880). His other noteworthy written efforts include:

-   _Bayerische Fürstentafel, zunächst für den Schulgebrauch entworfen_, 1864 – Bavarian Fürstentafel.
-   _Grundzüge der Moduslehre im Griechischen und Lateinischen_, 1878 – General teaching mode of Greek and Latin.
-   _Das Sebaldusgrab Peter Vischers, historisch und künstlerisch betrachtet_, 1887 – The grave of Sebaldus by sculptor Peter Vischer, historical and artistic considerations.
-   _Entwickelung der Relativsätze im Indogermanischen_, 1893 – Development of relative clauses in Indo-European.
-   _Pfälzisches Idiotikon. Ein Versuch_, 1899 – Palatinate idioticon, an essay.

After the death of philologist Carl Friedrich Nagelsbach, Autenrieth released new editions of his works on Homeric theology, gymnasium pedagogy, comments on the _Iliad_ and Latin stylistics for Germans. He also published a biography of Nagelsbach in the _Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie_.[3]

[1] [https://books.google.com/books?id=hoRcf4LFZUcC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=%22Autenrieth,+Georg%22+1833+Schwabach&source=bl&ots=lY28Ouxl4p&sig=3zZZ0vxwWPnfChPwcIF6bDedVXI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv_fqe5InRAhVmw4MKHW4DB6EQ6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=%22Autenrieth%2C%20Georg%22%201833%20Schwabach&f=false _Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon: Bildende Künstler, Kunsthandwerker, Gelehrte ...]_ edited by Manfred H. Grieb

[2] Nomenclator Philologorum

[3] Georg Autenrieth de.Wikisource (bibliography)

title: Georg Autenrieth

question: Who was Georg Autenrieth?

answer: Georg was a German philologist and educator.

question: Where did he work?

answer: Georg first taught different subjects at the gymnasium in Erlangen and then later served as a rector in gymnasiums in Zweibrücken and Nuremberg.

question: What subjects had he studied?

answer: Georg had studied philosophy, philology, and theology.

question: List some of his work.

answer:
- Wörterbuch zu den Homerischen Gedichten
- Bayerische Fürstentafel, zunächst für den Schulgebrauch entworfen
- Pfälzisches Idiotikon. Ein Versuch

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Georg Auenrieth was a German educator. As a student, he studied philosophy, philology, and theology.

Autinrieth first started teaching different subjects at a gymnasium in Erlangen, after which he received the title of professor. Following this, he served as a rector in gymnasiums in Zweibrücken and Nuremberg.

He has published many books, a popular one is a Homeric dictionary - Wörterbuch zu den Homerischen Gedichten.


split: train

text:
It will be a category for spec Teslas, with Electric GT developing a race-ready version known as a Model S P100D.

The car passed its official FIA crash test last week, and has now been sanctioned by motorsport's governing body ahead of its inaugural season.

Its sporting regulations have also been published and reveal that race weekends will include a three-heat qualifying format and two 37-mile races during the daytime and the evening.

Race power will be set to a maximum of 585kW (785bhp).

As well as accompanying eSports and electric kart championships, the series has also announced a 'drift off' competition at "suitable circuits".

In this contest, the top-two finishing drivers and two fan-voted drivers will go head-to-head in a series of drifting challenges, with three extra championship points up for grabs.

Electric GT CEO Mark Gemmell said: "This is such an exciting day for us as we confirm that the Electric Production Car Series has been officially sanctioned by the FIA.

"We respect the FIA and we are honoured to have their support ahead of our inaugural season. We are also pleased to officially publish the sporting regulations for the Electric Production Car Series.

"We have put a lot of time into refining the regulations to allow for competitive and thrilling racing.

With a three-heat qualifying system and two EPCS races, plus our eKarting and eSports rounds, fans will have a lot of racing action to get excited about."

question: What test did the car pass?

answer: The official FIA crash test.

question: What company is the car made by?

answer: Tesla.

question: What is the name of the car?

answer: Model S P100D

question: What kind of car is this?

answer: A racing car.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article discusses a new electric car built by Tesla intended for racing. This car has passed its first test at the time of the article, marking a new milestone for electric vehicles from Tesla.


text:
In gravitational theory, the BONDI–METZNER–SACHS (BMS) GROUP, or the BONDI–VAN DER BURG–METZNER–SACHS GROUP, is an asymptotic symmetry group of asymptotically flat, Lorentzian spacetimes at null (_i.e._, light-like) infinity. It was originally formulated in 1962 by Hermann Bondi, M. G. van der Burg, A. W. Metzner[1] and Rainer K. Sachs[2] in order to investigate the flow of energy at infinity due to propagating gravitational waves. Half a century later, this work of Bondi, van der Burg, Metzner, and Sachs is considered pioneering and seminal.[3] In his autobiography, Bondi considered the 1962 work as his “best scientific work”.[4]

1962 work of Bondi, van der Burg, Metzner, and Sachs

To give some context for the general reader, the naive expectation for asymptotically flat spacetime symmetries, _i.e._, symmetries of spacetime seen by observers located far away from all sources of the gravitational field, might be to extend and reproduce the symmetries of flat spacetime of special relativity, _viz._, the Poincaré group, which is a ten-dimensional group of three Lorentz boosts, three rotations, and four spacetime translations.[5]

Expectations aside, the first step in the work of Bondi, van der Burg, Metzner, and Sachs was to decide on some physically sensible boundary conditions to place on the gravitational field at light-like infinity to characterize what it means to say a metric is asymptotically flat, with no _a priori_ assumptions made about the nature of the asymptotic symmetry group — not even the assumption that such a group exists. Then after artfully designing what they considered to be the most sensible boundary conditions, they investigated the nature of the resulting asymptotic symmetry transformations that leave invariant the form of the boundary conditions appropriate for asymptotically flat gravitational fields.[6] What they found was that the asymptotic symmetry transformations actually do form a group and the structure of this group does not depend on the particular gravitational field that happens to be present. This means that, as expected, one can separate the kinematics of spacetime from the dynamics of the gravitational field at least at spatial infinity. The puzzling surprise in 1962 was their discovery of a rich infinite-dimensional group (the so-called BMS group) as the asymptotic symmetry group, instead of the finite-dimensional Poincaré group, which is a subgroup of the BMS group. Not only are the Lorentz transformations asymptotic symmetry transformations, there are also additional transformations that are not Lorentz transformations but are asymptotic symmetry transformations. In fact, they found an additional infinity of transformation generators known as _supertranslations_.[7] This implies that General Relativity (GR) does _not_ reduce to special relativity in the case of weak fields at long distances.[8]

The coordinates used in the 1962 formulation were those introduced by Bondi[9] and generalized by Sachs,[10] which focused on null (_i.e._, light-like) geodesics, called null rays, along which the gravitational waves traveled. The null rays form a null hypersurface, defined by the retarded time u = constant for outgoing waves and advanced time v = constant for incoming waves. The basic idea, which was novel then, was to use the family of outgoing (or incoming) null hypersurfaces to build spacetime coordinates that would describe outgoing (or incoming) gravitational waves. In addition to the retarded (or advanced) time are the space-like distance r and the null-ray direction (θ, φ) to complete the local spacetime coordinates (u, r, θ, φ). As r is large and approaches infinity, the set of u = constant null hypersurfaces form the _future null infinity_, where the outgoing gravitational waves “exit”. Similar considerations of v = constant null hypersurfaces as r goes to infinity yield the _past null infinity_, where the incoming gravitational waves “enter”. These two null (_i.e._, light-like) infinities, found using the non-inertial Bondi-Sachs coordinates, are not obvious in the inertial Cartesian coordinates of flat spacetime, where the two time-like infinities and the space-like infinity are obvious. All five infinities are revealed in the asymptotic conformal treatment of infinity by Penrose,[11][12] where the future (or past) null infinity is denoted by script I+ (or script I−) and pronounced “scri plus” (or “scri minus”).[13]

The main surprise found in 1962 was that “u-translations” of the retarded time u to u + α(θ, φ) at any given direction are asymptotic symmetry transformations, which were named _supertranslations_. As α(θ, φ) can be expanded as an infinite series of spherical harmonics, it was shown that the first four terms reproduce the four ordinary spacetime translations, which form a subgroup of the supertranslations. In other words, supertranslations are direction-dependent time translations on the boundary of asymptotically flat spacetimes and includes the ordinary spacetime translations.[14]

Abstractly, the BMS group is an infinite-dimensional extension of the Poincaré group and shares a similar structure: just as the Poincaré group is a semidirect product between the Lorentz group and the four-dimensional Abelian group of spacetime translations, the BMS group is a semidirect product of the Lorentz group with an infinite-dimensional Abelian group of spacetime supertranslations. The translation group is a normal subgroup of the supertranslation group.[15]

Recent developments

The recent surge of renewed interest in the study of this asymptotic symmetry group of General Relativity (GR) is due in part to the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy (the hope of which prompted the pioneering 1962 studies) as well as Strominger’s observation that BMS symmetry, suitably modified, could be seen as a restatement of the universal soft graviton theorem in quantum field theory (QFT), which relates universal infrared (soft) QFT with GR asymptotic spacetime symmetries.[16]

As of May 2020, whether the GR asymptotic symmetry group should be larger or smaller than the original BMS group is a subject of debate, since various further extensions have been proposed in the literature — most notably one where the Lorentz group is also extended into an infinite-dimensional group of so-called _superrotations_.[17]

The enhancement of spacetime translations into infinite-dimensional supertranslations, viewed in 1962 with consternation, is now considered a key feature of BMS symmetry, partly owing to the fact that imposing supertranslation invariance (using a smaller BMS group acting only on the future or past null infinity) on S-matrix elements involving gravitons yields Ward identities that turn out to be equivalent to Weinberg's 1965 soft graviton theorem. In fact, such a relation between asymptotic symmetries and soft QFT theorems is not specific to gravitation alone, but is rather a general property of gauge theories.[18] As a result, and following proposals according to which asymptotic symmetries could explain the microscopic origin of black hole entropy,[19] BMS symmetry and its extensions as well as its gauge-theoretic cousins are subjects of active research as of May 2020.

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[2]

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[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12] ; originally published in _Relativity, groups and topology,_ ed. C. de Witt & B. de Witt (Gordon and Breach, New York) pp. 563–584 (1964).

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

title: Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group

question: What is the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group?

answer: In gravitational theory, it is described as an asymptotic symmetry group of asymptotically flat, Lorentzian spacetimes at null infinity.

question: When was it discovered?

answer: In 1962.

question: Who discovered the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group?

answer: Hermann Bondi, M. G. van der Burg, A. W. Metzner and Rainer K. Sachs.

question: What are "u-translations"?

answer: Information can't be found.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: In gravitational theory, the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group is described as an asymptotic symmetry group of asymptotically flat, Lorentzian spacetimes at null infinity. It was discovered in 1962 by Hermann Bondi, M. G. van der Burg, A. W. Metzner and Rainer K. Sachs.


text:
FLORINA-RALUCA PRESADĂ (born May 26, 1978) is a Romanian activist and politician who has been a Senator for Bucharest since 2016.

Biography

Born in Bucharest, Presadă studied political science at the University of Bucharest, followed by a master's degree at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium.[1] Between 2007 and 2016, she was a project coordinator at CeRe (_Centrul de Resurse pentru Participare Publică_, Resource Center for Public Participation), an NGO that encouraged public participation.[2]

She was involved in public debates (for instance, she supports the municipalization of water in Bucharest[3]), as well as protests such as the 2012 Romanian protests, and the 2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project.

In the 2016 Romanian legislative election, she was the candidate for Bucharest of the Save Romania Union, a big tent party.[4]

Political positions

Transparence and public communication

Presadă accuses the lack of transparence and she says she wants to change the way the Parliament communicates with the people,[5] to remove the feeling of powerlessness felt when the public tries to interact with the decision process, as well as the disdain from the decision makers.[6]

As part of the transparence of the Parliament, she supports publishing the nominal votes on the Parliament's website, as well as public meetings for the Parliamentary commissions and an annual activity report for MPs.[7]

Social issues

Presadă argues that there are many social issues which have been improperly (or not at all) addressed by the government. For instance, the government after school program for disadvantaged community (which could reduce the school dropout rate) was not properly funded and the government did not take necessary measures against domestic violence.

Presadă supports a new national housing law, to replace and harmonize the plethora of laws and regulations (both national and local) about social housing, emergency housing and other types of public housing. She uses the example of Vulturilor 50, a case in which some families were evicted by the landlords and who were not able to find any social housing in Bucharest.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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[6]

[7]

title: Florina Presadă

question: Who is Florina Presadă?

answer: A Romanian activist and politician. She has also been a Senator for Bucharest since 2016.

question: What nationality is Florina Presadă?

answer: Romanian

question: When was Florina Presadă born?

answer: May 26, 1978

question: Summarize Florina Presadă's career.

answer: She was a project coordinator at the Resource Center for Public Participation between 2007 and 2016. In 2016, she became a Senator for Bucharest.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Florina Presadă is a Romanian activist and politician who has served as Senator for Bucharest since 2016. She wishes for more transparency in Parliament and supports a new national housing law.


text:
I saw a particular kind of girl in the queue of the coffee shop today as she quite rightfully drew my gaze from behind. She had dark brown hair that fell in curls midway down her back and she wore a leather jacket, tight blue jeans and had an excellent, petite figure.

She had collected her coffee and took a seat up to my right and after admiring her from the back I now saw her from the side. Her eyes were bright and attractive and her nose delicately small, from what I could see she was exceptional. After ordering and taking a seat of my own I glanced over a few times at her. I feigned going to the toilet and walked up toward my right, glancing at her as I came into her line but she was reading a paper and her eyes concentrated upon it.

As I returned she was looking around the room toward the entrance. When her head turned around I saw her from the front; her eyes were horribly close together and I saw that her mouth was slightly lopsided. There was something very unlovely about her facial complexion, it was hard and flat and you could tell now more clearly that she was heavily made-up. I’d been deceived and she was irretrievably ugly. I saw now too that it was a copy of The Sun she was reading too, how awful I thought.

Feeling underwhelmed and despondent I returned to my seat and watched her sit quite nervily. Her eyes glanced to the door, then to her tabloid, then nervously to her phone. She hadn’t turned the page she was reading for over five minutes; it was hard to tell whether she was a slow reader or just trying to pass time. When she again looked to the door and then to her phone it was clear it was the latter. I thought she looked the sort who’d be a slow reader, too.

After reading two chapters of my book my coffee was now cold dregs, I knew hers would be too even though she’d only taken a few token sips. She continued her wishful trinity of door, phone, paper and I was glad she had now turned a page. It had now been 25 minutes and the café was now starting to get louder and busier and I looked at her from the side as I was leaving. Looking at her from this angle almost made me forget that flatly hideous face she had presented earlier. She looked deceptively good from the side, it was a shame she was being stood up, I thought.

As I approached the door I turned back her way, I must have been in time with her pathological checking of the door as I saw her look up, her hair swiveling very elegantly as she did so. Her face was written with rejection and that expression sat awkwardly with her too-close-together features.

 It wasn’t actually a shame at all, actually, I thought as I walked out onto the wet and busy street. It was a classic case of when everything is attractive about a girl, but her face.

title: But Her Face.

question: What makes the girl seem unattractive to the boy?

answer: Her face and the fact that she is reading the Sun tabloid.

question: What does the boy initially think of the girl?

answer: That she is quite good looking.

question: What happens to the girl at the end of the story?

answer: She is being stood up.

question: What does the boy do at the end of the story?

answer: Leaves the cafe.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This story is about a boy who watches a girl at a cafe, only to decide she is not as attractive as he thought she was.


text:
A video of a jihadist commander in Syria drawing inspiration for an impassioned speech to his fellow militants from a little girls’ favorite Hello Kitty note pad has gone viral on the internet.

The address by Zahran Alloush, the head of Jaysh al-Islam, was aimed against the rival Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS).

In late June, ISIS declared the captured territories, from Iraq's Diyala province to Syria's Aleppo, a ‘caliphate’, with its leader being Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and announced that from now on it should be called ‘The Islamic State’.

The two groups are currently involved in a battle for control over the Ghouta area, a collection of farms surrounding the south and east of the Syrian capital Damascus.

According to the description in the video post on YouTube last week, Alloush urged his men to fight the _“evil ideology”_ of ISIS, which recently announced the establishment of an Islamic State in Syria and Iraq.

He labeled the group as traitors to Islamic values, who had _“tried to destroy jihad in Afghanistan, in Chechnya, in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in Iraq. They have now come to try and destroy jihad in Syria.”_

The Jaysh al-Islam leader also slammed ISIS for recruiting foreign fighters and having virtually no regard for the civilian population.

Alloush cut a hawkish stance, wearing a desert camouflage uniform and a semi-automatic handgun strapped to his side.

However, the effect was ruined by a pink-colored Hello Kitty note pad lying in front of him.

  I knew it from the beggining. Zahran Alloush declares war to the Caliphate while quoting Hello kitty latest book. pic.twitter.com/kRx7DpHhYZ

  — Marwan-el-Tounisi (@Marwouantounsi) July 2, 2014

Hello Kitty is a fictional character, designed by Japanese artist Yuko Shimizu in 1974. Since then, this cute white bobtail cat with a red bow on her head has inspired the undying admiration of small girls all around the world.

The Hello Kitty brand has been rolled out on dolls, stickers, greeting cards, clothes, accessories, school supplies, home appliances, jewelry and other products.

It was selected as Japan’s cultural ambassador in 2008, also boasting its own animated series, a music album and several video games.

  BREAKING ZAHRAN ALLOUSH SPONSORED BY HELLO KITTY pic.twitter.com/T4XyF6beFe

  — The Iraqi Witness (@_IraqiWitness) July 2, 2014

Jaysh al-Islam is a coalition of militant groups fighting against the government forces of President Bashar Assad in the Syrian civil war.

It was barred from joining the Free Syrian Army and stands accused of massacring over 30 religious minority representatives in the town of Adra in December 2013.

ISIS is believed to be the strongest insurgent group in Syria at the moment. It is not only fighting the government, but other militants.

Its forces are also advancing in Iraq, claiming to have already gained control of an area of over 50 thousand square kilometers.

question: Who is Zahran Alloush?

answer: He is a jihadist commander in Syria and the head of Jaysh al-Islam.

question: Why did his speech aimed against the rival Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) go viral on the internet?

answer: He made an impassioned speech to fellow militants reading from a little girls' pink Hello Kitty notepad.

question: Why is Alloush speaking out against ISIS?

answer: ISIS declared the captured territories, from Syria's Aleppo to Iraq's Diyala, a 'caliphate' that should be called 'The Islamic State' with its leader being Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

question: What are Alloush's thoughts on ISIS?

answer: He urged his men to fight the evil ideology of ISIS, saying that the Islamic State had no regard for the civilian population and needed to recruit foreign fighters. He says that ISIS are traitors to Islamic values and tried to destroy jihad in Afghanistan, in Chechnya, in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in Iraq. They have now come to try and destroy jihad in Syria

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Zahran Alloush, a jihadist commander in Syria and the head of Jaysh al-Islam, has a YouTube video that has gone viral after he gets caught reading his speech against ISIS from a little girls' pink Hello Kitty notepad. Alloush got the brunt of jokes about reading from a girl's notebook, with some saying he was quoting Hello Kitty, and his war against the Caliphate was sponsored by the cute bobtail cat with a red bow on her head. Jokes aside, Alloush's speech was a sharp rebuke of ISIS. He urged his men to fight the Islamic State's 'evil ideology' while slamming them for not caring about the civilian population. At the moment, ISIS is believed to be the strongest insurgent group in Syria, fighting both the government and other militants.


text:
[Tuff Sunshine in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City, 2016] TUFF SUNSHINE is an American rock band based in the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY. The band is led by Johnny Leitera, who works with several backing musicians who join him onstage and on tour as well as in the studio. They include notable artists such as Linda Pitmon (The Minus Five/The Baseball Project/Filthy Friends) bassist Turner Stough (Shilpa Ray/I Am The Polish Army) and founding member Ani Cordero (Os Mutantes/Rasputina), among others. Drummer Ani Cordero was a founding member and left the band amicably in 2016 to pursue a solo career and still plays occasional shows with the band. Leitera and Tuff Sunshine have shared bills with such diverse artists as Tim Rogers/You Am I, John Doe, Jonathan Richman and The Dead Boys.[1][2] Leitera also plays and tours as a solo musician and has played all over the United States, the UK and Australia.[3][4]

In 2019 Sam Sifton of The New York Times premiered the video for “We Seal Every Deal With A Kiss” in his “What to Cook” column (Leitera is an avid home cook who posts about food and “mom and pop” restaurants using the hashtag #nochains).[5]

Tuff Sunshine have self-released two EPs _“Half-Mast/Steadfast”_ (2012) and _“Kids Know”_ (2014) which was produced by Martin Bisi. The band also has released a limited-run full-length vinyl LP _“Fire In The Hero Building”_ (2015) which has garnered praise from _PopMatters,_ _The Big Takeover_[6] and _Magnet Magazine_.[7][8] _Fire In The Hero Building_ received airplay on independent stations WFMU[9] and WFUV[10] in New York City, and the band performed live on WFMU's “Three Chord Monte” show on June 5, 2017.[11]

In 2010 Leitera was American Songwriter Magazine's “Writer of the Week”[12] while with his former band Low Water.

In 2012 DJ/presenter Nic Harcourt featured the song “Let 'Em In” on his syndicated radio show “Connections[13]”. The band were named “Artist of the Day” in the UK blog Louder Than War[14] in 2013 and played the Team Clermont CMJ Showcase in 2015. cmj.thedelimagazine.com/> They also recorded a Daytrotter session while on tour in the Mid-West in 2016.[15]

Their debut full-length LP _Fire In The Hero Building_ was released in 2017 via Brooklyn Arts Press.[16]

Discography

-   _Half-Mast/Steadfast_ (EP, 2012)
-   _Kids Know_ (EP, 2014)
-   _Fire In The Hero Building_ (LP, 2015/2017, (Brooklyn Arts Press))
-   _Dig Deeper, Peanut_ (LP, 2019 (Declared Goods))

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[10]  WFUV|website=www.wfuv.org|language=en|access-date=2017-01-19}}

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[16]  Brooklyn Arts Press|website=www.brooklynartspress.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-06-21}}

title: Tuff Sunshine

question: What is Tuff Sunshine?

answer: Tuff Sunshine is an American rock band based in Brooklyn's Bushwick neighborhood. It is led by Johnny Letra and various backing musicians. Several of Tuff's backing musicians have notable music careers as well.

question: Who are some of Tuff Sunshine's backing musicians?

answer: Linda Pitmon, Turner Stough, and Ani Cordero are some of the music artists who have been backing musicians for Tuff Sunshine.

question: What is special about Linda Pitmon, Turner Stough, and Ani Cordero?

answer: Linda Pitmon is from The Minus Five, Turner Stough is from I Am the Polish Army, and Ani Cordero is a solo artist.

question: What are the band's releases?

answer: Tuff Sunshine released two EPs, Half-Mast/Steadfast in 2012 and Kids Know in 2014. They later released two LPs, Fire in the Hero Building (2015), and Dig Deeper, Peanut (2019).

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Tuff Sunshine is an American rock band based in Brooklyn's Bushwick neighborhood. It is led by Johnny Letra who performs with various backing artists. From 2012 to 2019, the band has produced two EPs and two LPs.


text:
What had happened was that they herded the people into the stadium, and then cut their tendons at night when they'd run out of ammunition, so that they wouldn't run away.

[]
GENOCIDE IS SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. IS RWANDA DIFFERENT BECAUSE IT WAS A STATE-PLANNED--

I think that, clearly, because this was an almost volcanic explosion of killing and terror and horror that had been clearly planned in some way without much knowledge of the international community, and without it really being brought to the attention of the international community at high enough levels to do something about-- It was secretly planned genocide … and then a volcanic explosion of this horror. This is my firm belief; that even if we had been able to get anybody there, it could not have been stopped, because it was just so-- Volcanic is the only word. I used that to describe it later, because it just exploded, and was so massive.

[]
CAN YOU TALK US THROUGH SOME OF THE TIME LINE OF THIS EVENT, FROM APRIL 6 ONWARD? WHEN THE RWANDAN PRESIDENT'S PLANE WENT DOWN, DO YOU REMEMBER WHERE YOU WERE AND WHAT YOUR FIRST REACTION WAS?

I don't remember exactly where I was. But I think that what had happened was that basically there was very little information about Rwanda brought to the Security Council. We were dealing with a lot of other issues. I think that what's important to realize is the context of everything. There had been killings in Somalia, Bosnia; just constant attention to a lot of other issues, unfortunately. We did know obviously that there were struggles both in Rwanda and Burundi. There was hope that the Arusha accords would actually have resolved some of the long-term fighting between the Hutus and Tutsis, so I think it was not high on the agenda. That's what is so awful. It didn't show up very often in intelligence summaries. There were not very frequent reports about it.

[]
WHEN THE WORD CAME ABOUT THE 10 BELGIANS IN THE U.N. PEACEKEEPING FORCE BEING KILLED ON APRIL 7, WHAT WAS THE REACTION? WHAT WAS YOUR REACTION TO THAT?

I think at that stage it was confusing, because the Belgians wanted out. They were our NATO ally, and … we didn't know about the massive aspect of [the killings at that point]. What was being focused on by the international community and the U.S. was the fact that the peacekeepers were under attack, and the Belgians wanted to leave.

The question was whether there was a U.N. force that was even capable of taking care of things, because the UNAMIR mandate had been for one thing, and all of a sudden it was caught in something else and there was not even-- Some of the other members of the force didn't even have flak jackets, or had no equipment in order to deal with something that happened that quickly.

[]
CAN YOU TELL THE STORY THAT YOU TALK ABOUT IN YOUR BOOK OF THE INSTRUCTIONS THAT CAME TO YOU AT THE U.N. ABOUT THE U.S. POSITION ON CALLING FOR A FULL WITHDRAWAL OF U.N. FORCES?

The secretary-general basically came to the Security Council with three options: either to reinforce this UNAMIR group, which really was inadequate; to withdraw it completely; or to have a kind of medium option of some reinforcement of it. My instructions were to support full withdrawal. I listened to the discussion very carefully in the Security Council. I could see that our position was wrong, and especially in listening to the African delegate, Ambassador Gambari from Nigeria, [who] was very moving on this.

[So] I had these instructions which made no sense at all. These were in informal meetings of the Security Council, where the real discussion goes on. I asked my deputy to take my seat while I left, and went out into the hall into these phone booths and called Washington. I decided not to call the State Department from whence my instructions really came, but the National Security Council, because they were dealing with it on a very imminent basis. Tony Lake, the national security adviser, was somebody that certainly knew a lot about Africa. He was the great expert.

I felt that I would get a better hearing if I called the National Security Council, which I did, and they said, "Well, no, we're worrying about this, and these are your instructions." I actually screamed into the phone. I said, "They're unacceptable. I want them changed." So they told me to chill out and calm down. But ultimately, they did send me instructions that allowed us to do a reinforcement of UNAMIR; not a massive changing of the mandate and enlarging it or withdrawing it, but the middle option allowed me to support that.

[]
I HAVE BEEN TOLD YOU TALKED TO RICHARD CLARKE, THAT THE CONVERSATION WAS WITH HIM.

That is correct.

[]
WHY CLARKE?

Because he was in charge of peacekeeping. The way the National Security Council was set up was that this was coming through those people that had been studying what the appropriate role of peacekeeping was at the United Nations. Now, this was a truly interesting time at the U.N., in terms of trying to figure out what the role of peacekeeping was. There had been a number of peacekeeping operations throughout the history of the UN, but they were primarily operations that came in to monitor cease-fires, to make sure that there was separation between contending sides. They didn't often have authority to get involved in any fighting. They were definitely the neutral observers.

All of a sudden, in the early 1990s, there was the recognition that the United Nations could have a much larger role. So we were looking generally at the role of peacekeeping, and Dick Clarke and others were in charge of developing a new peacekeeping policy that had begun to be discussed under the Bush administration, that ended up being this Presidential Decision Directive 25. And that listed how, and under what circumstances peacekeeping operations would be supported by the United States.

[]
I MUST ASK YOU-- TONY LAKE SAYS HE HAS NO RECOLLECTION OF ANYBODY RAISING OBJECTIONS TO THE INSTRUCTIONS [ON VOTING ON THE UNAMIR WITHDRAWAL]. HE'S NOT DISAGREEING WITH WHAT YOU SAY. HE JUST SAID IT NEVER REACHED HIS LEVEL.

Well, that may be. I didn't talk to him. I talked to Dick Clarke. I did not talk to Tony Lake.

[]
CAN I ASK WHY?

I think he probably was busy. I don't know. But the appropriate thing was to call the people. I probably tried to reach him, because that would have been my instinct, because that was my-- His being part of the principals committee and-- I do not know.

[]
SO THEN THERE WAS SOME LEEWAY; THE U.S. WOULD SUPPORT A SMALLER FORCE IN RWANDA. WHEN THAT VOTE WAS TAKEN, WHAT WAS YOUR GUT FEELING ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THAT FORCE THAT WAS BEING LEFT BEHIND?

I think that my gut feeling was that it couldn't do what it had to do. But the whole problem was U.N. Security Council resolutions. They're easy enough to pass. … [But the problem] was how to make sure that a Security Council resolution actually was implemented.

But the hardest part here for anybody trying to understand it is to put it all back into the context of the time. We had lost Americans in Somalia as a result of having had faith in the functioning of a U.N. peacekeeping operation. I had to talk to the parents of the people that went down in the Black Hawk helicopter. There was a real sense that the U.S. was not in control of any of these mandates that were being passed. Congress was not supporting us on either paying the money that we owed the United Nations, or in how these peacekeeping operations should be funded. It was a very, very difficult time, and the situation was unclear.

You know, in retrospect, it all looks very clear. But when you were [there] at the time, it was unclear about what was happening in Rwanda. It was very clear that Congress was not supportive of additional peacekeepers; very clear that the Pentagon was not interested in getting deeply involved. And I was not the secretary of state; I was the U.N. ambassador, and I was trying very hard to make sure that we could continue to support peacekeeping operations. Therefore, the mandates were very important.

[]
YOU WROTE IN YOUR BOOK THAT THE SCALE OF THE KILLING BECAME CLEAR LATER IN APRIL. A RED CROSS REPRESENTATIVE MENTIONED UP TO 500,000 PEOPLE HAD BEEN KILLED. DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT A SENSE THAT SOMETHING OF A DIFFERENT MAGNITUDE WAS HAPPENING THERE?

I think in listening to the people-- There was a refugee that knew a lot about Rwanda. She came out and talked about-- But she really gave a very stark report about what was happening and--

[]
SHE CAME TO SEE YOU?

She did, and it was shocking. … So I think it became evident very quickly. But at the time that the decisions were being made, it was not that clear to people at a higher level. It was obviously clear to General Dallaire. He turns out to have been right, and Doctors Without Borders were right. But for whatever reason, the system did not manage to push the information up high enough to people making decisions.

[]
EVEN IF YOU HAD THE INFORMATION, WHAT, IN YOUR OPINION, WERE THE REAL OPTIONS ACTUALLY AT THE TIME? BECAUSE, I MEAN, GENERAL DALLAIRE WAS BEING TOLD BY PAUL KAGAME THAT THE RPF WOULD OPPOSE AN INTERVENTION FORCE.

Well … I think that it's very hard to imagine what the forces would have done unless there had been a massive number of them as a humanitarian intervention. That would have needed a different kind of a mandate, and who would have participated in it? I mean, in retrospect, the thing that might have made sense is for a massive humanitarian intervention led by a major country; if not the U.S., then somebody else. But that was not even vaguely in the cards at the time.

There were a lot of questions as to whether it-- I mean, this is why I go back and forth on this a lot, because I wish that I had pushed for a large humanitarian intervention. As I write in my book, people would have thought I was crazy. It would never have happened. But I would have felt better about my own role in this. But [I] don't think, in retrospect, it would have made a difference. It just would have made me feel better. But I don't think it would have happened.

[]
WHY WAS IT CRAZY? WHY WOULD PEOPLE HAVE THOUGHT IT WAS CRAZY?

Because first of all, the Somalia issue, in our own case. The Pentagon was working with or disagreeing with some of the ideas that Boutros-Ghali had. They couldn't agree on a plan of operation. Then, when actually we were able to figure out a mandate for an enlarged operation, nobody wanted to go.

So it's all fine for people to comment years later or journalists who were not there to make assumptions about what could have happened. The timing and the resources and the approach of the international community just could not make it happen on time.

But, you know, if you think about things you wish you would have said or done, I wish I had fought for it. But even if I had, nothing would have happened. I think that's the saddest assumption about it. I mean, I definitely would have been considered as being crazy, because there was no way to get a large number of troops there quickly enough and to get the right mandate.

[]
CAN I JUST ASK YOU AGAIN ABOUT THE RPF'S ROLE? WERE YOU AWARE AT THE TIME OF THE MESSAGES BEING SENT BY KAGAME TO DALLAIRE THAT THEY ACTUALLY DIDN'T WANT A U.N. INTERVENTION?

No, I was not at the time, no.

[]
WE TALKED A BIT ABOUT PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE 25. CAN YOU TALK ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERE WHEN THIS DOCUMENT, A YEAR AND A HALF IN THE MAKING, COMES OUT, AND HOW IT COMES OUT IN EARLY MAY, WHEN THE SECURITY COUNCIL IS LOOKING AT PUTTING IN SOME NEW FORCE IN RWANDA?

Well … the issue for the United Nations generally at the time … and the question for the United States and for other members of the international community was, what role could there be for the United Nations? What was happening was that there was all of a sudden "Let the U.N. do it" seemed to be the cry of the day, and there was a push by the administration, for instance, to shift the U.S. role in Somalia to a U.N. role.

At the same time, the U.N. didn't have the money. The peacekeeping operations were creating huge kind of balloons in terms of the financial debts. The U.S. was not willing to pay even the annual dues, much less part of what was owed in the peacekeeping operation. So there began to be questions within the administration that started, as I said, in the first Bush administration, about how these peacekeeping operations were set up, and what the mandate was going to be, who would participate, what they would cost.

The peacekeeping part of the United Nations and the operations center was primitive, frankly. I used to say the U.N. was the global emergency number, but they only worked from 9:00 to 5:00. Or it was busy. So we had a lot of things we were doing, in terms of looking at how to make the peacekeeping more credible. One of the things that made it credible was to make sure that you actually had the right mandate and that you could fulfill it, not just pass useless resolutions.

So the process went on within Washington -- primarily a combination of the Pentagon and the National Security Council -- trying to figure out under what circumstances the U.S. would, one, vote for a U.N. resolution? … There were questions about command and control. Under what circumstances would there have to be an American command? There was a big discussion in Congress.

So that was the process that was going on. The publication of the Presidential Decision Directive came at a time [May 1994] … in combination with what had happened in Somalia and with what was happening in Rwanda. It put us in a position of raising a lot of questions of process on instruction, if I may say, at a time that a volcanic explosion was happening in Rwanda. And it's a huge tragedy.

The questions that were being asked by the process were not the wrong questions. I mean, you can't just keep saying that you're going to do a United Nations mandate, and then not fulfill it. So I have no criticism of the process. It's just that the combination of the timing of all these things in retrospect was coincidental and tragic.

[]
WHEN I INTERVIEWED KOFI ANNAN, HE SAID THAT OFTEN HE WOULD SORT OF ALMOST SELF-CENSOR REPORTS FROM GENERAL DALLAIRE TO THE COUNCIL, BECAUSE HE KNEW THAT CERTAIN DEMANDS OR REQUESTS FOR MORE TROOPS OR WHATEVER JUST WOULD NEVER HAVE ANY CHANCE.

No. I think that the tragedy is that then Boutros-Ghali, when he finally got the mandate that he needed, you basically went around like with a tin cup (1) trying to get money and (2) trying to get troops, or both at the same time.

I think we've learned a lot. But the other problem was that, in many ways, the lessons of Somalia did not apply to Rwanda. This was a very different kind of a situation -- this did not require a peacekeeping operation. It required a humanitarian intervention of major scale by a force led by a major country.

But we were occupied in Somalia and Bosnia. The British were in Bosnia. The French, I think, were willing to do it, but they were more associated with the Hutus, which is one reason I think that Kagame probably said they didn't want [U.N. intervention]. The Belgians were the colonial power and they left. So it all seems easy in retrospect, but was not at the time.

[]
YOU TALKED ABOUT YOUR CONVERSATION WITH RICHARD CLARKE. DID YOU HAVE A CHANCE AT OTHER POINTS IN THIS TO RAISE OBJECTIONS TO OTHER CABINET MEMBERS, TO WARREN CHRISTOPHER OR TO THE PRESIDENT?

At the time, yes, I'm sure. But we were all in various principals meetings. But I was not the secretary of state. So I was not actually involved in some of the discussions of that time between the two resolutions, so to speak, when there was a discussion about Boutros's plan for military action versus the Pentagon's plan for military action. There was a disagreement between the Pentagon and the U.N. about how to do what [and] when.

I can't cite moments, but we talked about-- I thought it wasn't working well, and I was troubled generally by-- I happen to believe in the United Nations and peacekeeping operations, and I wanted to see it work. I was troubled by the fact that it was very hard to get support in Congress for what we were doing.

[]
THERE WAS CNN FOOTAGE WE VIEWED OF YOU COMING OUT AFTER, I THINK, THE FIRST VOTE ON RWANDA, AND NOBODY ASKED YOU ABOUT RWANDA. THEY ALL ASKED YOU ABOUT BOSNIA.

First of all, Mike McCurry, who was the White House press spokesman, got no questions on Rwanda. People were not interested in Rwanda at all. I was actually in Africa at the time of April, at the beginning of April, when it was customary for every chief of mission to go and have discussions with the president of the Security Council about what the president of the Security Council thought the agenda for that month was going to be. Colin Keating from New Zealand was taking over as president. My deputy went to this meeting, because I traveling. And Rwanda wasn't even on the agenda.

So it's the question of how the information filters up about a particular problem in a region. I had gone to Angola. We were working on very serious other issues within Africa and in Europe. It's so awful, in retrospect, to think that this did not filter up; but it did not.

[]
YOU MENTIONED A COUPLE OF TIMES THAT YOU WEREN'T SECRETARY OF STATE. WHEN YOU WERE SECRETARY OF STATE, WERE YOU ABLE TO TAKE ANY LESSONS YOU LEARNED FROM RWANDA?

Absolutely. My lessons were that we could not sit by to wait until all the various aspects of peacekeeping operations were worked out in detail. It was the lesson that I took into Kosovo. I felt that we simply had to intervene in a humanitarian way there to stop ethnic cleansing. I thought if I ever was in a position that I was, finally, when I was secretary of state, that I would fight and argue -- and I did. I spent quite a lot of time in my book describing how difficult it was within the bureaucracy to make sure that we were able to move in Kosovo. When things didn't work well at the beginning, it was called "Madeleine's war." So I did learn lessons. Absolutely.

[]
CAN YOU DRAW A DIRECT CONNECTION FROM RWANDA TO KOSOVO?

No, but I think generally lessons that I learned in terms of standing up and finding my own voice. … As I say, I wish I had spoken up earlier on Rwanda. … But basically, the lessons were that I had to marshal my arguments properly, that I had to keep focused on trying to use whatever instruments we had to make it work. I mean, there were a lot of lessons out of Somalia, lessons out of Haiti, lessons out of Rwanda -- the usage of the United Nations, when to use NATO. Those were all kinds of things that I had observed as U.N. ambassador that, unfortunately, I was able to put to use against some other terrible things that were happening. Kosovo, I think, was the starkest, at the time.

[]
THE PHRASE "NEVER AGAIN" -- DID IT MEAN ANYTHING? DID IT APPLY IN 1994?

The thing is that there were so many kinds of legalistic -- and I found irritating -- discussions about whether this was genocide or not. But those were not ones that-- There's no way to describe exactly that the role of the U.N. ambassador is not the same as-- While you are a Cabinet member and a member of the principals committee, it's not quite the same as being secretary of state or national security adviser. So I think they are very hard roles.

I think "Never again" definitely applies, but at the time-- I have to make so clear to you that, at the time, people just did not have the sense that this was happening in the proportions that it was. By the time that it happened, you couldn't do anything about it. That's why my lesson has been that you can't kind of ignore ethnic cleansing, because it develops some momentum that you have to stop as early as you can.

[]
REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM -- IF SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENED AGAIN TODAY -- NOT IN RWANDA, BUT SOMEWHERE ELSE -- DO YOU THINK WE ARE BETTER EQUIPPED TO DEAL WITH IT?

I think the mechanisms for it exists. But there are still questions always about how the mandate is created. You know, "Is the U.S. going to be the major player in this?" and whether you can get there fast enough. The truth is that, unfortunately, every genocide ends up being slightly different, and they look more evident in retrospect than they do at the time. One would hope that the lessons of Rwanda would be that you have to respond instantly. But you can't be sure.

It requires a great deal of cooperation in the international community and a great deal of work within the United Nations. Unless the United States is going to do everything itself -- which it isn't -- then we have to figure out how to make it clear that the U.S. will contribute and participate in peacekeeping operations and support others that will do it. But I hope the lesson is that the U.N. system is the best way to do it, but it needs the support of the United States in active involvement and money.

[]
WHEN YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT KOSOVO, YOU WERE A VERY STRONG VOICE WITHIN THE ADMINISTRATION. IN RWANDA, THERE WAS NOT A SIMILAR STRONG VOICE AT THAT LEVEL WITHIN THE ADMINISTRATION.

I think the problem, again, is that no two situations are the same, and the tragedy in Kosovo was kind of-- I have stated, more of a rolling tragedy, I guess. The tragedy in Rwanda was so quick, that I am not sure there was time for a major voice in it. Also, again, I think what's important is to see it within the context of the other things that were happening.

Somalia, and watching Americans be dragged through the streets of Mogadishu, was a searing event. Trying to figure out how to deal with the results of that, the lessons learned, and then the lessons don't apply exactly to another situation -- I think it was a very troubling time, in terms of decision making generally.

But the thing that I think one has to keep in mind is that the decisions being made were not being made because people weren't interested or were cold blooded or brutal or didn't care. It's that the information wasn't there, and the wherewithal wasn't there to do it. For those people to judge what happened on the basis of what we know now, versus what we knew then, I think is not fair.

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IF THE INFORMATION HAD BEEN THERE, DO YOU THINK, GIVEN THE PRESSURES OF CONGRESS AND--

I think it would have been possible to make a stronger argument, because I do think that American decision makers and the American people are very concerned about humanitarian disasters and are willing to do something about it. Our problem is more that we don't stay long enough to finish the job, but not that we are not deeply moved by great tragedy.

So I think if there had been more, clearer information, I think it certainly would have made the argument stronger. Whether we would have been able to get there fast enough -- there's so many hypotheticals in this, because just to mount an operation takes time, just to pull together the troops and the airlift and the equipment. Easier said than done. I think that's what many people don't understand -- you can't just all of a sudden parachute in and make a huge difference in something that is this massive.

It was a terrible time and I've been over it so many times. You know, one wishes that there had been things [done], but I'm not sure there could have been.

question: How was the genocide in Rwanda different from other genocides in history?

answer: The genocide in Rwanda was state-planned.

question: What is the only word that can describe the magnitude of killing, horror, and terror happening in Rwanda at the time of the article?

answer: Volcanic


text:
The ILHABELA STATE PARK () is a state park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It protects an area of Atlantic Forest on an archipelago in the South Atlantic off the northeast coast of the state, including most of the mountainous island of São Sebastião.

Location

The Ilhabela State Park is in the Vale do Ribeira region of southern São Paulo. It covers 85% of the municipality of Ilhabela, São Paulo. It has an area of , covering all or part of twelve islands, two islets and two reefs. The archipelago includes the island of São Sebastião, which holds the municipal seat, and the smaller islands of Búzios, Vitória and others. On São Sebastião the park boundary starts at an altitude of along the São Sebastião channel, dropping to between Ponta da Sela to the south and Ponta das Canas to the north, and coming down to the shore around Ponta do Boi. The other islands are completely contained within the park.

History

The Ilhabela State Park was created by Governor Paulo Egydio Martins by decree 9.414 of 20 January 1977. The purpose was to fully protect the flora, fauna and natural beauties of the islands in the municipality of Ilhabela, and to allow use for educational, recreational and scientific purposes. The consultative council was formed in 2004, including representatives of the public sector, civil society and caiçaras communities. The park is included in the Atlantic Forest Preservation Project (PPMA), a partnership between the São Paulo Environment Secretariat and the German bank KfW.

Environment

The Ilhabela State Park preserves 3% of the remaining Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo. Terrain ranges from beaches up to mountain ridges, with the slopes covered in forest. The island of São Sebastião includes the peaks of Baepi: , Papagaio: and São Sebastião: . The mountains intercept the moist air coming from the sea to produce a tropical humid climate with high rainfall. There are thousands of streams and over 250 waterfalls of many sizes. In the coastal plains meandering rivers support mangroves. In the sea the islands, islets and reefs support diverse flora and fauna.

Vegetation includes forest, restinga and mangroves. The forest includes trees from high, and epiphytes such as Bromeliaceae, Guzmania and Orchidaceae. It supports hundreds of species of mammals, reptiles and birds, many endemic and some endangered. Mammals include robust capuchin monkeys, Brazilian squirrel (_Sciurus aestuans_) and ocelot (_Leopardus pardalis_). The giant Atlantic tree-rat (_Phyllomys thomasi_) is endemic to the Ilhabela restinga. Birds include toucans, pionus parrots, Brazilian tanager (_Ramphocelus bresilius_), solitary tinamou (_Tinamus solitarius_), black hawk-eagle (_Spizaetus tyrannus_), brown-backed parrotlet (_Touit melanonotus_), penelopes and black-fronted piping guan (_Pipile jacutinga_). The archipelago is also a refuge for migratory birds.

Visiting

The park is open for visits from 9:00 to 16:30 daily. The Trilha da Água Branca (White Water Trail) is of medium difficulty, leading through rich Atlantic Forest vegetation where many species of birds may be seen. It leads to several waterfalls. The park can provide guides for groups taking this trail by prior appointment. The park is home to caiçaras communities, whose people engage in occupations such as fishing and making handicrafts, and celebrate popular traditional festivals such as the Congada de São Sebastião.

Notes

Sources

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Category:State parks of Brazil Category:Protected areas established in 1977 Category:1977 establishments in Brazil Category:Protected areas of São Paulo (state)

title: Ilhabela State Park

question: Where is the Ilhabela State Park located?

answer: In the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil within the Vale do Ribeira region.

question: What was the purpose of the park's creation?

answer: To fully protect the flora, fauna and natural beauties of the islands of Ilhabela. Also to allow use for educational, recreational and scientific purposes.

question: Explain the history of the park.

answer: Ilhabela State Park was created by Governor Paulo Egydio Martins in January 1977.

question: Summarize the environment of the state park.

answer: It preserves 3% of the remaining Atlantic Forest in the state of Sao Paulo. Its terrain ranges from beaches up to mountain ridges.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Ilhabela State Park is located in the Vale do Ribeira region in souther Sao Paulo, Brazil. It was crated in 1977 to fully protect the flora, fauna and natural beauties of the islands. It preserves 3% of the remaining Atlantic Forest in the state.


text:
FOOTBALL FEDERATION OF KYIV (FFK) is a football governing body in the region of Kyiv city, Ukraine. The federation is a collective member of the Football Federation of Ukraine.

Clubs from Kyiv city sometimes compete in the championship of Kyiv Oblast and vice versa clubs from Kyiv Oblast sometimes compete in the championship of Kyiv city.

List of champions

-   1911 Politekhniki
-   1912 Sport
-   1913 Lyubiteli Sporta
-   1914 Lyubiteli Sporta
-   1915 Sport
-   1916 Politekhniki
-   1917 no competition
-   1918 Maccabi
-   1919 not finished due to war
-   1920 Ukrainian-Soviet War
-   1921(s) 1. KSK of Lenin
-   1921(f) 1. KSK of Lenin
-   1922(s) Zheldor
-   1922(f) Zheldor
-   1923(s) Zheldor
-   1923(f) Zheldor
-   1924(s) Zheldor
-   1924(f) Zheldor
-   1925(s) no competition
-   1925(f) Zheldor
-   1926(s) Zheldor
-   1926(f) Zheldor
-   1927(s) Raikomvod
-   1927(f) Zheldor
-   1928 Raikomvod
-   1929 Raikomvod
-   1930 Mestran
-   1931 not finished
-   1932 no competition
-   1933 no competition

-   1934 Zheldor
-   1935 Zheldor
-   1936(s) ???
-   1936(f) ???
-   1937(s) KO DKA
-   1937(f) ???
-   1938(s) ???
-   1938(f) Dynamo
-   1939(s) ???
-   1939(f) ???
-   1940 Dynamo
-   1941 not finished
-   1942-44 World War II
-   1945 Red Banner Artillery School
-   1946 Lokomotyv
-   1947 Lokomotyv
-   1948 ???
-   1949 ODO
-   1950 Lokomotyv
-   1951 Lokomotyv
-   1952 ???
-   1953 Pecherskyi District
-   1954 Zenit
-   1955 Dynamo
-   1956 Zhovtnevyi District
-   1957 Bilshovyk
-   1958 Zhovtnevyi District
-   1959 Bilshovyk
-   1960 Zhovtnevyi District
-   1961 SC Temp

-   1962 SC Temp
-   1963 ???
-   1964 Bilshovyk
-   1965 Bilshovyk
-   1966 ???
-   1967 SC Temp
-   1968 ???
-   1969 Bilshovyk
-   1970 Bilshovyk
-   1971 Bilshovyk
-   1972 Bilshovyk
-   1973 Bilshovyk
-   1974 ???
-   1975 SC Arsenal
-   1976 Skhid
-   1977 Bilshovyk
-   1978 Bilshovyk
-   1979 Bilshovyk
-   1980 Bilshovyk
-   1981 ???
-   1982 ???
-   1983 ???
-   1984 Skhid
-   1985 ???
-   1986 Bilshovyk
-   1987 ???
-   1988 Verstatobudivnyk
-   1989 Metalist
-   1990 ???
-   1991 ???

-   1992-93 Zmina-Obolon
-   1993-94 Druzhba
-   1994-95 Lokomotyv
-   1995-96 Dynamo-3
-   1996-97 Dynamo-3
-   1997-98 ???
-   1998-99 ATEK
-   1999-00 Dnipro
-   2000-01 Kyiv
-   2001-02 ATEK
-   2002-03 Arsenal
-   2003 Sport School 15
-   2004 Alians
-   2005 OMIKS
-   2006 Alians
-   2007 Zirka
-   2008 Zirka
-   2009 Zirka
-   2010 Zirka
-   2011 Zirka
-   2012 Zirka
-   2013 Budstar Grup
-   2014 Arsenal-Kyiv
-   2015 Arsenal-Kyiv
-   2016 FC Mezhyhiria Novi Petrivtsi
-   2017

Cup winners

-   1939 Dynamo
-   1940 Lokomotyv
-   1941 Lokomotyv
-   1942-43 World War II
-   1944 no competition
-   1945 no competition
-   1946 Dynamo
-   1947 Dynamo
-   1948 ???
-   1949 ODO
-   1950 Lokomotyv
-   1951 ODO
-   1952 Bilshovyk
-   1953 Arsenal
-   1954 Mashynobudivnyk
-   1955 ???
-   1956 Mashynobudivnyk
-   1957 Darnytsia Carriage Works
-   1958 Bilshovyk
-   1959 Bilshovyk

-   1960 Bilshovyk
-   1961 Bilshovyk
-   1962 Temp
-   1963 Bilshovyk
-   1964 Bilshovyk
-   1965 Bilshovyk
-   1966 Bilshovyk
-   1967 Bilshovyk
-   1968 Bilshovyk
-   1969 Bilshovyk
-   1970 Bilshovyk
-   1971 Bilshovyk
-   1972 Bilshovyk
-   1973 Bilshovyk
-   1974 Arsenal
-   1975 Bilshovyk
-   1976 Bilshovyk
-   1977 Chervonyi Ekskavator
-   1978 Bilshovyk
-   1979 Skhid

-   1980 Bilshovyk
-   1981 Skhid
-   1982 Skhid
-   1983 Skhid
-   1984 Skhid
-   1985 ???
-   1986 ???
-   1987 Bilshovyk
-   1988 Skhid
-   1989 ???
-   1990 Skhid
-   1991 Skhid
-   1992 Dynamo-3
-   1993 Zmina-Obolon
-   1994 Zmina-Obolon
-   1995 Dynamo-3
-   1996 Interkas
-   1997 Yevrobis
-   1998 ???
-   1999 ???

-   2001 ???
-   2002 ???
-   2003 Sport School 15
-   2004 Dnipro
-   2005 Alians
-   2006 Alians
-   2007-08 Kyiv
-   2008 Zirka
-   2009 Zirka
-   2010 Batkivshchyna
-   2011 Kyiv
-   2012 Batkivshchyna
-   2013 Batkivshchyna
-   2014 FC Mezhyhiria Novi Petrivtsi
-   2015 FC Mezhyhiria Novi Petrivtsi
-   2016 FC Dinaz Vyshhorod
-   2017
-   2018

Professional clubs

-   FC DYNAMO KYIV, 1936-1941, 1944-present
    -   Dynamo-2, 1965, 1992-2016
    -   Dynamo-3, 1997-2008
-   FC Lokomotyv Kyiv, 1936-1940
-   FC CSKA Kyiv (ODO, SKVO, SKA, SC Chernihiv, ZS Oriyana, CSK ZSU, CSKA-2), 1947-1949, 1952-1958, 1961-1987, 1990-2010
-   FC ARSENAL-KYIV KYIV (FC Boryspil, Borysfen, CSKA-Borysfen, CSKA, Arsenal), 1959-1963, 1993-2013, 2015-present
    -   Arsenal-2, 2003-2004
-   FC OBOLON-BROVAR KYIV (Obolon, Obolon-PPO), 1995-present
    -   Obolon-2, 1999-2000, 2001-2009, 2012-2013
-   FC Temp Kyiv, 1964

title: Football Federation of Kyiv

question: What organization is the Football Federation of Kyiv a part of?

answer: The Football Federation of Ukraine.

question: What alternative league do the Kyiv city clubs participate in?

answer: Kyiv Oblast.

question: What team won the league in its first year?

answer: Politekhniki.

question: How many teams are there in Kyiv?

answer: There are 10.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Football Federation of Kyiv is a football governing body in the region of Kyiv city, Ukraine. The federation is a collective member of the Football Federation of Ukraine. Clubs from Kyiv city sometimes compete in the championship of Kyiv Oblast and vice versa clubs from Kyiv Oblast sometimes compete in the championship of Kyiv city.


text:
Last Words

(Tribute to Vonnegut)

All of us in that box car, like sardines in a can, it was beginning to smell that way too. So many men in such a small space is unnatural. We were so packed in that we had to sleep in shifts. At any time men’s legs were like fence posts, buried to the knees with sleeping people like mud holding them in place.

We were all privates, all POW’s. I was stuck in a corner, propped up next to a vent. I could see out into the train yard, see more box cars just sitting and waiting. I could also dump the helmets full of shit out that vent.

The man next to me told me how he’d been a hobo before the war, “I’ve been hungrier then this.” he said, “This ain’t so bad.

One day word finally got back to us the war was over. They began shipping the box cars out. We were part of a train that moved so slow, it felt like forever between the clicks from one rail to another. That’s how we began to measure time, maybe a thousand clicks till we got out. Every once in a while we would leave a box car at a station. A slow moving train of refugees getting smaller along the way.

We finally stopped. It was my first encounter with Russians, their first with Americans, but they were familiar with the cargo. We slowly funneled out, almost like a slow moving liquid. One plopping out after another. I needed help, I felt like I would break if I plopped at all.

All but one drop of that strange liquid squeezed out of that box car. Before the war he said he was a hobo. His last words were, “This ain’t so bad”

title: Last Words (300 words)

question: What nationality is the narrator?

answer: He is American

question: Where is the narrator?

answer: He is in a box car with other prisoners of war.

question: Who they they encounter when they finally stop?

answer: They encounter Russians when they stop.

question: What happened to the man that was homeless before the war?

answer: The man who was previously homeless died in the box car.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: American prisoners of war are being transported in a  tightly packed box car. They find out that the war is over. One man, who was homeless before the war, says that he has been hungrier than this. They finally stop and encounter Russians, who get them out of the box car. The homeless man dies before they get to the stop.


text:
WELCOME TO CFD ONLINE, SERVING THE CFD COMMUNITY SINCE 1994.

-   CFD NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

     Use this forum to announce CFD news. You
    can subscribe to a weekly email news digest.

-   CFD WIKI

     A large free CFD reference written by thousands
    of volunteers. Help us to keep it growing!

-   CFD JOBS DATABASE

     A forum where companies and universities
    can advertise open positions in CFD

-   CFD EVENTS CALENDAR

     Search for CFD conferences, courses, ...
    Anyone can submit new events.

-   ONLINE TOOLS

-   CFD ONLINE DISCUSSION FORUMS

     Meet and discuss with fellow CFD colleagues
    from all over the world.

-   CFD RESOURCES ONLINE

     A comprehensive collection of annotated
    links to information related to CFD

-   CFD BOOKS GUIDE

     A guide to CFD literature. Includes book-
    descriptions and reader-reviews.

-   FEED AGGREGATORS []
-   ABOUT CFD ONLINE

question: What does the CFD Jobs Database do?

answer: It is a forum where companies and universities can advertise open positions in CFD.

question: How long has the CFD community been around?

answer: Since 1994

question: What is the CFD Online Discussion Forums for?

answer: It is for meeting and discussing with fellow CFD colleagues from all over the world.

question: What is the CFD Books Guide?

answer: Tt is a guide to CFD literature and it includes book descriptions and reader reviews.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: CFD online is discussed, along with the various online tool it offers, like CFD Books Guide, and CFD Online Discussion Forums. CFD has been a community since 1994.


text:
[food truck league slc opening night]

This evening in Sugarhouse join ten thousand like-minded (or should that be like-hungry) strangers and celebrate the first ever Food Truck League gathering. At least that’s the goal of the organizers of this new recurring event, whose concept sees ten food trucks pitching up together for a weekly foodie-feast. The event takes place on Sugarhouse’s Sugarmont Plaza (2230 S. Highland Dr.) and tonight’s proceedings start at 6 p.m. and run through 10 p.m.

All going to plan, tonight’s inaugural get together should be the beginning of a weekly ‘league’ gathering every Monday (at the same location) where a rotating roster of Utah’s finest food trucks will convene for a food frenzy. Francisco Terreros, founder and co-owner of the FTL commented via press release:

_“Our main goal is to help jumpstart the food truck industry in Salt Lake City. Our League Members have put their passion into their work, and we are thrilled to support them and help them share that passion with the community. The feedback we’ve received so far has been overwhelmingly positive and we are optimistic that we will continue to have a strong following as we announce new locations and the release of our IOS app.”_

More info on that app as we have it, but the concept already sounds intriguing – a concrete way to catch fleeting food trucks that can often be elusive to pin down. I’m told more than forty food trucks so far are members of the fledgling league, with others joining soon. If you want to check out opening night, the ten vendors inked in for tonight’s bash are as follows (explanation blurb taken from the vendors own sites):

Art City Donuts – “_Bringing Utah Valley a variety of hot, fresh, mini, gourmet donuts. Follow us for specials, locations, and schedule.”_

A Guy & His Wife Grilled Cheese – _“Food truck in Salt Lake City, Utah. Serving Gourmet grilled cheese sandwiches hot and fresh off the grill!”_

Black’s Sliders – _“Socially conscious food truck that proudly serves only locally sourced, hormone and antibiotic free food!_

Chop City SLC – _“Born and raised in SLC and we love our city. Our menu incorporates Bacon into a wide variety of taste and style.”_

Fat Kid Mac n Cheese – _“Fat Kid Mac n Cheese is Salt Lake’s cheesiest food truck, with a secret recipe cheese sauce utilizing a total of 8 cheeses hand picked by Chef Kimo to deliver the creamiest, cheesiest, grooviest cheese sauce known to man.”_

Fire & Slice Mobile Wood Fire Pizza –
“Wood fired pizzas that bring a smile to the world’s most discriminating pizza connoisseurs.”

The Matterhorn – _“A complete mobile Gourmet French toast making machine.”_

Q4U BBQ – _“Q4U BBQ Truck was born out of Necessity… The Necessity for Great BBQ in Utah!”_

Rolling Mountain Bistro – _“Northern Utah’s Premier Gourmet Food Truck serving handcrafted unique burgers, hot and fresh sandwiches & specialty pastas from LOGAN all the way to OREM!”_

Saturday’s Waffle – _“Utah’s first gourmet mobile food vendor to offer authentic Liege waffles.”_

question: How many people are coming to the event at Sugarhouse?

answer: Ten thousand.

question: What is the event?

answer: The Food Truck League Gathering.

question: What time is the event?

answer: From 6 P.M. to 10 P.M.

question: What is the purpose of the event?

answer: To create a place where a rotating roster of Utah's finest food trucks will consistently converge every week.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article discusses a new event in Salt Lake City, the Food Truck League Gathering, and its purpose as a way to consistently introduce customers to food from food trucks. The article then lists some of the food trucks involved.


text:
Hiiraan Online
Wednesday March 28, 2018

[]

Mogadishu (HOL) - Somali government on Wednesday relocated 34 air control personnel to Somali capital, Mogadishu after operating outside the country more than 24 years.

The staff who were working at the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)'s Flight Information Service of Somalia (FISS) centre in Nairobi were transferred to Mogadishu.

The Somali Minister for Transport and Civil Aviation, Mohamed Abdullahi Salad Omar said Somali government successfully moved the personnel from ICAO's centre in Nairobi to Mogadishu.

The Minister underscored that the country would be capable of controlling its airspace in Mogadishu.
" Today, We have relocated the personnel who have been controlling Somalia's airspace. The staff have been operating in Nairobi, Kenya since 1993," Omar said.

Prior to the collapse of Somalia's central government led by late Mohamed Siyad Barre in 1991, the country effectively and efficiently managed and controlled its airspace and was able to collect overfly charges. When the country plunged into civil war, Somalia lost millions of dollars as there was no credible oversight organization despite ICAO operations to control the air traffic over Somalia.

The Somali government officially took control of its airspace last year from the International Civil Aviation Organisation which was controlling the country's airspace since 1993.

question: What's the capital of Somalia?

answer: Modadishu

question: Where did the air control personnel relocate to Mogadishu from?

answer: Nairobi, Kenya

question: How long had they been based in Nairobi?

answer: Since 1993.

question: What year did Somalia's central government collapse?

answer: 1991

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Somali government have relocated their air control personnel to the capital, Mogadishu. Since 1993 the airspace control had been located in Nairobi, Kenya.


text:
Free Book Preview: Coach ’Em Way Up

Discover how to be an influential mentor through tips and advice based on the teachings of respected basketball coach John Wooden.

May 24, 2016 3 min read

Opinions expressed by _Entrepreneur_ contributors are their own.

Years ago, a friend and co-worker was studying for his certification as an executive coach, and part of his practice was to coach three or four volunteers. I jumped at the offer. Getting $1,000 an hour executive coaching seemed like a no-brainer. All I had to do was sign-up and be interviewed.

In my interview, I had to articulate what I wanted to achieve through these sessions. My coach asked me what I wanted to accomplish and, after reflecting on it, I decided I wanted two things -- to be successful and to do it quickly. I constructed, with his guidance, what I grew to call my "Fierce Vision" of success.

RELATED: DEFINE WHAT SUCCESS LOOKS LIKE TO YOU

I’ve followed its tenets throughout my career to be successful, and now I am sharing these five truths with you.

1. I CONTROL MY SUCCESS.

For years, I had faltered through my career and watched as less talented and less ambitious people accomplished things that I seemingly could not. I blamed everything from cronyism, to a failed project, to not being given the right assignments. I realize now that each person controls his or her success, and blaming others for your failures just enables further failures.

2. I FIERCELY PURSUE SUCCESS.

To achieve success, you have to be able to envision yourself being successful. You need to know every nuance of what success means to you. You have to pounce on the opportunities that take you closer to your goal.

RELATED: THE 3 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE PURSUE HABITUALLY

3. I ASK WHAT I CAN LEARN FROM EVERY EXPERIENCE.

Even the worst boss can teach you something, even if it’s what not to do. Once you’ve stopped learning from a job or a position, it’s time to move on, but not before then. When you move on, don’t leave on bad terms. Some of my best friends and most important colleagues are people for whom I used to work.

4. I HAVE THE COURAGE TO SUCCEED.

For too many years, I was riddled with insecurities. What if I fail? What if I’m not good enough? My fierce vision of success has taught me to take calculated risks, and never turn down opportunities without fully exploring their potential. Taking the leap from a secure but mediocre life to an exciting successful one takes tremendous fortitude. Not everyone has the ability to take the risks needed to take his or her career to that next level.

RELATED: 5 WAYS TO BUILD THE RESILIENCE YOU NEED TO SUCCEED

5. I RECOGNIZE THERE IS MORE TO SUCCESS THAN MONEY.

Life is short and can end in an instant. Don't drive yourself to financial success at the expense of spending time enjoying life, building relationships and appreciating every moment. It's been said many times by many people -- live every day like it’s your last, and one day you’ll be right.

question: What does the text say about achieving success?

answer: The author writes about how to control and achieve success. Realizing that every person controls their own success is key, as blaming other for failures enables further failures. People must envision themself successful in order to achieve it. Likewise, having the courage to jump on opportunities. Recognizing that success is more than money is another factor to achieving success. People shouldn't drive their financial success at the expense of spending time to enjoy life.


text:
Be in a takeaway having food
A couple with kids walks in.
Father goes to order food
Kids and hot wife sit opposite to me.
Boy of 5 starts to look at me and smile.
I wave back. he comes to sit next to me.
Starts to eat my fries.
We bond very well.
Wife sees us and starts to smile.
Husband walks in with food.
Sees wife giving me smile.
Comes near me.
Sees a very prominent birth mark on my face.
Fuck Me. Kid has the same.
Husband snatches the baby who starts to cry.
Wife  doesn't know what is happening.
Husband takes the family and drives off.

title: But 5 years ago I was virgin :O

question: Summarize everything relating to the birth mark.

answer: The birth mark is the same shape on the faces of the narrator and the 5-year-old child, which makes the child's father storm off in anger. The implication is that the father thinks the narrator could have sired the child with the wife because of how unusual it is to share a birth mark with a stranger.

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: A food takeaway place.

question: Describe the family.

answer: A husband and wife with children, one of whom is a 5-year-old boy.

question: Describe the narrator.

answer: Presumably male, he has a noticeable birth mark on his face and was a virgin 5 years ago.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A man sitting in a takeaway food place is friendly with a 5-year-old boy who comes in with his family. The man doesn't know the family, but he and the boy share a birth mark on their faces, which the father notices and is angered by.


text:
This is not for you.

This is for myself.

My psychiatrist told me it would be good for me to put my thoughts down on paper.  Well, I don't have any paper. I guess this will have to do.

It's hard to imagine the feeling of coming home from a long day of work, opening the front door and finding your only son hanging from the upstairs banister. Blue in the face and cold to the touch. A chair knocked on its side under his dangling feet. He had worn the suit his father had given him before he passed away.

Cancer.

He was never the same after that. I suppose he wanted to make a good impression, wherever he may end up. The EMTs would later find the letter he had written stashed away in his breast pocket. Coincidentally, the suit he was wearing at his death would be the same suit he would be buried in.

He wanted an end to his suffering, and he found his cure. His suffering had ended, but in doing so he piled more onto his mother.

I hadn't talked to Robert in some time before his passing, and for that I blame myself. Things had changed between him and I, but I couldn't point my finger on exactly *what.* His father had passed away 4 months prior, and at the time he seemed more into isolation than anything else. In hindsight I should have known exactly what was going on in his head. How obvious it is now - years later - having thought about it day after day. What I should have done differently...

Blame.

Guilt.

Robert and I used to be inseparable, and his mother revered me as her other son. It was nice having a motherly figure in my life. My family life hadn't been stable for as long as I could remember, and often times we were left to fend for ourselves. I would come over and eat dinner with Robert and his Mother and Father nearly everyday, and for that hour or so at a time I felt like I actually had a family that loved me.

There's not a day that goes by that I don't think about Robert's funeral. He was a fairly popular kid, and nearly our entire 8th grade class was there. Friends would take turns sharing anecdotes from times spent with Robert, laughing and crying all the while. Robert's mother had sat in the front row of the church, and there wasn't a single break in her sobs. I had tried to console her at one point, but she brushed me off. I was taken aback, but I figured she just needed her space.

She composed herself momentarily and addressed the audience, thanking us for attending. She told us it meant a lot to her and that she had something to share with us. It was the note Robert had left. Through broken tears, this is what she read:

*Lately life hasn't been what it used to be. I don't find joy in anything I once did and everyday is a constant struggle. If you're reading this right now, I've lost that struggle. I'm sorry for the pain that I've caused you, and I hope that you can be strong without me. I've gone to be with Dad, and I hope to see you all when you get here. Love, Robert.*

She put the note down on the podium and reached for her purse. Pulling the metallic object and placing it to her head.

*Click*

*Boom*

Her last words, "I'm coming home."

I don't blame you for what you did. You found your peace, but you put your suffering onto me.

title: We All Cope In Different Ways

question: What does the story say about where the narrator and Robert went to school?

question: What does the story say about Robert?

answer: Robert was a popular kid at school and the narrator's best friend. He was an only son to parents that, from all accounts, loved him dearly based on the way they treated the narrator. Robert wasn't the same when his father passed away due to cancer. He couldn't take the suffering from the loss and committed suicide (he hung himself) to end his pain but piled more onto his mother. Robert wore the suit his dad gave him before he died and wrote a suicide note which the EMTs found in his breast pocket.

question: What does the story say about the narrator and Robert?

answer: The narrator and Robert were best friends growing up. They went to the same school and used to be inseparable - like brothers. The narrator would always come over and eat dinner with Robert and his parents, who always treated him like family. When Robert's father passed away due to cancer, things changed between him and the narrator. The narrator blames himself and feels guilty because as a friend, he should have known what was going on in Robert's head.

question: Summarize the climactic event of the story.

answer: Having had to deal with a husband who died early of cancer four months prior and finding her only son hanging from the ceiling (suicide), Robert's mother was inconsolable during his funeral. She sat at the front row of the church, and there wasn't a single break in her sobs. She composed herself momentarily and addressed everyone who attended Robert's funeral, which included nearly everyone from his 8th-grade class. She shared Robert's suicide note with everyone, reading her son's last words between sobs. In one final act, she pulls out a gun from her purse, puts it against her head, and says "I'm coming home" before pulling the trigger and killing herself.


text:
There are fears the next phase of the mining boom could involve more fly-in fly-out workers and further degrade communities.

With the downturn in the mining industry, coal mines surrounding the northern NSW town of Gunnedah have begun to shed jobs.

For workers at the Japanese-owned Boggabri Coal mine, when the end came, it was brutal.

"I got a phone call," Sharon Partridge said.

"It was very quick, very to the point, saying that your position in particular had been made redundant.

"It is very hard, very tough at the moment. And trying to find employment in this area at this point in time is extremely hard."

Jo Hall is a single mother who had one wage coming into her household.

"Now it's gone," she said.

"I have two children that need education. They've got sport, they've got commitments. I've got a mortgage to pay. I have to do whatever I can do."

The mine's operator, Downer EDI sacked 106 workers this month - nearly a third of the workforce.

What makes it worse for the Gunnedah locals is that while they have been sacked, six Papua New Guinean workers brought in on 457 visas have kept their jobs as diesel fitters on local pay and conditions, doing maintenance on the big coal trucks.

"These people just flit into the town and flit back out," Ms Hall said.

"It's frustrating ... It is. It just makes you feel dehumanised and worthless."

Ms Partridge says she feels let down by the mining industry.

"I feel ... cheated that they are bringing other people in when there are capable, skilled people here to do those jobs," she said.

Downer EDI claims the Papua New Guinean workers have specialist skills unavailable in the local workforce, an assertion the mining union denies.

A company skills chart obtained by 7.30 seems to confirm the union's position.

Most of the sacked tradesmen have multiple qualifications.

The Papua New Guinean workers are listed as having next to none.

Camps built for transient miners

Even as the coal companies are retrenching people, just outside town construction work is already underway in preparation for the next upturn.

Only this time, it seems, the workers will not be locals.

A temporary accommodation camp for transient miners is being built by the Mac Group to accommodate hundreds of workers from outside the area.

CFMEU district secretary Grahame Kelly says its a real concern.

"At the moment the coal industry is going through a bit of a downturn, and of course people are staying in the local communities because they expect it to come back," he said.

"And when it doesn't come back and it's replaced by fly-in, fly-out workers, you get a double whammy.

"You get the first lot of people are fly-in, fly-outs and the ones that have stuck around start to leave."

More than 200 kilometres to the south, another huge fly-in, fly-out miner's camp has been proposed for Singleton, in the heart of the Hunter Valley.

The $100 million, 1,500 people camp will be built, then expanded in stages, once demand picks up for drive-in, drive-out or fly-in, fly-out workers.

Mr Kelly says it will bring fly-in, fly-out workers to the Hunter Valley, which is unneccessary because Newcastle and Sydney are just one and two hours away.

"Singleton is not remote," he said.

"And the problem is you've got all these fly-in, fly-out workers who are going to come and take their jobs."

Community warned businesses will lose out from fly-in fly-out

Local woman Julie Bayley says residents do not want the camp in their area.

"We don't want these people, these strangers living on our doorstep."

The Mac Group, which has been unavailable for an interview with 7.30, claims the camp would bring revenue into Singleton, something nearby caravan park owner Barry McTaggart welcomes.

"The people from the camp will come and make visits to the shops, the restaurants, their friends will probably stay at hotels and motels so on," he said.

"As has happened in Narrabri where $6.5 million has been taken, this should be multiplied in Singleton."

But not if the experience in Queensland's Bowen Basin is anything to go by, where the town of Moranbah has been effectively surrounded by transient camps.

Moranbah Traders Association president Peter Finlay has even travelled south to warn Singleton residents what might be in store for them.

"The bottom line is it will affect the business community, because fly-in, fly-out workers do not spend in town," he said.

"They just don't do it. Even though the people who want the camp say yes, they'll spend a lot of money in town. Well, they don't spend any money in Moranbah."

A camp this size in Singleton, according to locals Brad and Kelly Bates, would break down the close-knit community they love.

It is not just the number of strangers in town the Kellys fear- it is the fact they will not be part of the Valley's family-friendly network of sporting and community clubs.

"I've got good neighbours," Mr Bates said.

"It's a great neighbourhood. It's a good town and I work with some good people that live in this town."

Petitions and town meetings have been mobilised against the camp proposal.

Independent MP Tony Windsor, the chair of an all-party federal parliamentary inquiry into fly-in, fly-out workers, is also opposed.

"From a regional perspective this has the potential to gut regional communities," he said,

"Here we are developing work camps a stone's throw from Newcastle, where there's been skills and the mining industry for over a century, and we are saying that we are going to fly the skills in."

Soon a meeting of all Hunter Valley councils to fight the camp will be convened by Maitland's Mayor Peter Blackmore.

"This whole area has mining in its veins and we want to see that there is the normal family life that goes on, continues on," Mr Blackmore said.

question: What do Jo Hall and Sharon Partridge have in common?

answer: They were both employed by the Boggabri Coal mine.

question: What was the approximate size of the Boggabri Coal mine workforce?

answer: Somewhere around 320.

question: How would the situation be different for the laid off workers if it weren't for the Papua New Guinean workers?

answer: They would be able to find work.

question: What does the article mean by "fly-in fly-out workers"?

answer: Transient workers who do not actually live in the area where the work is being done.


text:
CLOUDSIGHT, INC. is a Los Angeles, CA based technology company that specializes in image captioning and understanding.

History

CloudSight was founded in 2012 by Dominik Mazur and Bradford Folkens. It was previously known as Image Searcher, Inc. and then CamFind, Inc., respectively. In 2016, the company was officially rebranded as CloudSight, Inc.

As of February, 2015, CloudSight has 11 patents pending for its technology.[1] To date, CloudSight has recognized over 1 billion images. This dataset becomes invaluable for neural network training and the development of artificial intelligence.[2]

Products

TapTapSee

On October 11, 2012, CloudSight released its first mobile application into the AppStore, TapTapSee.

TapTapSee is a mobile camera application designed specifically for the blind and visually impaired iOS and Android users. Its image recognition capabilities are powered by CloudSight API. The application utilizes the device’s camera and VoiceOver functions to photograph objects and identify them out loud for the user.[3][4]

TapTapSee was the 2014 recipient of the Access Award by the American Foundation for the Blind.[5] In March 2013, TapTapSee was named App of the Month by the Royal National Institute for the Blind. At the end of 2013, TapTapSee was elected into the AppleVis iOS Hall of Fame.[6]

CamFind

On April 7, 2013, CloudSight released its second mobile application into the AppStore, CamFind. The mobile application surpassed 1,000,000 downloads within the first seven months after its release into the Apple AppStore.[7]

CamFind is a visual search engine application that utilizes image recognition to photograph, identify, and provide information on any object, at any angle. Its image recognition capabilities are powered by CloudSight API.

CamFind is available in the Apple AppStore and Google Play Store where it received 5,000,000+ downloads. In February 2015, CamFind was released on Google Glass via MyGlass.[8]

In April 2015, CloudSight evolved CamFind a step further by releasing social network capabilities within the application. The app now features the ability for users to share the items they identify, as well as see the items that others are identifying with CamFind.[9]

CloudSight API

In September 2013, CloudSight released its CloudSight API to the general public.[10]

“The CloudSight API employs deep learning, a technology that simulates the human brain, 'learning' from its mistakes over time, and is the same technology powering CamFind.”[11]

Google Cloud Marketplace

On June 2, 2020, CloudSight announced availability of their neural network products on Google Cloud Marketplace as part of a collaboration with Google Cloud.[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: CloudSight

question: What is CloudSight?

answer: A technology company that specializes in image captioning and understanding.

question: What city is CloudSight based in?

answer: Los Angeles, California

question: Who founded CloudSight?

answer: Dominik Mazur and Bradford Folkens

question: What is CloudSight's revenue?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: What products does CloudSight offer?

answer: TapTapSee, a mobile camera application for the blind and visually impaired. CamFind, a visual search engine application.

question: Where can CloudSight products be purchased?

answer: The Google Cloud Marketplace

question: Who is the current CEO of CloudSight?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: CloudSight is a technology company based in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 2012, the company produces products such as camera applications and visual search engines. Its neural network products can be purchased on Google Cloud Marketplace.


text:
A good grilled cheese sandwich is tough to beat, and soon hungry Londoners might be able to have the necessary ingredients delivered straight to their mailboxes. A Kickstarter campaign for something called Cheese Posties is attempting to launch what it's calling the world's first grilled cheese subscription service, reports Mashable.

The team behind Cheese Posties says it has come up with a plethora of grilled cheese recipes, and it wants to deliver the various components to subscribers through the mail. The Kickstarter video explains the concept.

The subscription comes with a weekly delivery at 3.99 pounds ($6.28) per sandwich. In addition to the ingredients, each package includes a teflon bag that can be used to heat up the sandwich once its assembled. Cheese Posties co-founder Dave Rotheroe told Mashable the idea was born out of efficiency.

"We were talking about office lunch breaks and the monotony of spending 30 of your 60 minutes stood in a queue waiting to overpay for the same old bland sandwich," Rotheroe said. "In a kind of eureka moment, it occurred to us that all the ingredients of a grilled cheese would fit pretty tidily through a letterbox alongside a teflon toasty bag."

There are plenty of options for food delivery across the globe — ride share company Uber even has its own operation — but this grilled cheese subscription service really might be the first of its kind.

question: What is Cheese Posties?

answer: Cheese Posties is a Kickstarter campaign in London that delivers the necessary ingredients for grilled cheese sandwiches.

question: What is included in the subscription?

answer: The subscription includes a weekly delivery at $6.28 per sandwich. In addition to the ingredients, a teflon bag used to heat up the sandwich is included.

question: Who is the founder of Cheese Posties?

answer: Dave Rotheroe

question: How many different kinds of grilled cheese sandwiches are offered?

answer: The article mentions there are "a plethora of grilled cheese recipes."

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Cheese Posties is a Kickstarter campaign in London that delivers the necessary ingredients for grilled cheese sandwiches. The subscription includes a weekly delivery at $6.28 per sandwich. In addition to the ingredients, a teflon bag used to heat up the sandwich is included.


text:
_AFRONEUTRIA_ is a genus of spiders in the family Ctenidae. It was first described in 2015 by Polotow & Jocqué. , it contains 6 species, all African.[1]

Species

_Afroneutria_ comprises the following species:[2]

-   _Afroneutria erythrochelis_ (Simon, 1876)
-   _Afroneutria hybrida_ Polotow & Jocqué, 2015
-   _Afroneutria immortalis_ (Arts, 1912)
-   _Afroneutria quadrimaculata_ Polotow & Jocqué, 2015
-   _Afroneutria tanga_ Polotow & Jocqué, 2016
-   _Afroneutria velox_ (Blackwall, 1865)

[1]

[2]

title: Afroneutria

question: Where is the Afroneutria genus found?

answer: It may be implied that they are found in Africa.

question: Who first described them?

answer: Polotow and Jocque.

question: How many species does the genus have?

answer: 6 species.

question: Which family does Afroneutria belong to?

answer: Ctenidae.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Afroneutria is a genus of spiders. They belong to the Ctenidae family. The genus contains six species, all African. They were first described by Polow and Jocque in 2015.