text:
[Antonio Yarbough’s conviction was vacated Thursday, after he spent more than two decades in prison accused of killing his mother, sister and another girl.]

Credit...Ashley Gilbertson for The New York Times

-   Feb. 6, 2014
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Their wrists uncuffed, their ankles unchained, Antonio Yarbough and Sharrif Wilson walked out of a Brooklyn courtroom Thursday afternoon, free after more than two decades in prison for three murders they did not commit.

Convicted of stabbing and garroting Mr. Yarbough’s mother, his 12-year-old sister and another 12-year-old girl to death in 1992, when Mr. Yarbough was 18 and Mr. Wilson was 15, both men had their convictions vacated on Thursday after prosecutors said newly discovered evidence created “substantial reasonable doubt of the defendants’ guilt,” as assistant district attorney Mark Hale told the judge.

Last year, testing revealed that DNA under Mr. Yarbough’s mother’s fingernails matched that found on another murder victim in 1999 — when the men had already been in prison for years.

Free of the courtroom, Mr. Yarbough knelt to pray, his hands clasped over a black office chair. “It feels good,” he said, “to be vindicated.”

They were just two prisoners of many who had pinned their hopes on Kenneth P. Thompson, the new Brooklyn district attorney. Little more than a month after taking office, Mr. Thompson is grappling with a metastasizing wrongful conviction scandal in which dozens of imprisoned men have asked for freedom, their convictions linked to mistakes and misconduct by police and prosecutors in the violent, drug-plagued 1980s and 1990s. It is a tidal wave that could dwarf other exoneration clusters.

“The term ‘tip of the iceberg’ is clichéd, but if ever it was applicable, it’s applicable to this situation,” said Steven Banks, the chief lawyer for the Legal Aid Society. “There’s no question that this is going to be painstaking work to undo a problem that was years in the making.”

Daunting in their own right, the potential wrongful convictions also present a political quagmire for Mr. Thompson. His predecessor, Charles J. Hynes, was credited for creating a conviction integrity unit after several convictions were questioned in recent years, but sharply criticized for moving too slowly, defending prosecutors accused of misconduct and clinging to convictions even after they were discredited.

Now defense attorneys are eager for the reforms Mr. Thompson promised while campaigning to unseat Mr. Hynes. Though the lawyers say they understand Mr. Thompson has inherited a formidable task and needs time to establish his office, several privately grumble that members of his staff have not returned calls while their clients languish in prison.

“This is what Ken campaigned on. He said, ‘I don’t think Hynes put enough resources into it,’ so he’s got to do that,” said Barry C. Scheck, one of the founders of theInnocence Project, who has met with Mr. Thompson’s transition team about the wrongful convictions. “And I expect that he will.”

Image[Kenneth P. Thompson, the new Brooklyn district attorney, inherited an office accused of wrongly prosecuting many people.]

Credit...Michael Appleton for The New York Times

Mr. Thompson said he planned to add more prosecutors, paralegals and investigators to the conviction integrity unit, which had just a few employees under Mr. Hynes. Internally, his team acknowledges the problem is serious, but he has not yet appointed a leader for the unit.

On Wednesday, Mr. Thompson said he had begun the process of rebuilding and expanding the unit, which he called “a top priority.”

“We understand the need to work quickly, but are not willing to sacrifice speed for thoroughness in the pursuit of justice,” he said in a statement.

Perhaps hundreds of murder convictions may need review because of coerced confessions, intimidated or untrustworthy witnesses, prosecutorial misconduct or discredited detectives like Louis Scarcella, whose hard-charging tactics as a Brooklyn homicide detective, reported by The New York Times last year, prompted Mr. Hynes to begin an official review of more than 50 of Mr. Scarcella’s cases.

Pressure to solve cases during the violent years of the crack epidemic, along with a lack of oversight, bred a “round up the usual suspects, the ends justify the means” attitude that left a legacy of wrongful convictions, Mr. Banks said.

Legal Aid represents 20 clients in whose cases Mr. Scarcella was involved, 15 of whom remain in prison. Believing that other detectives probably used similar tactics, the group has sent Mr. Thompson a list of more than 900 clients it represented on appeal involving murders in Brooklyn during the years Mr. Scarcella was active. Already, many of the cases defense lawyers are pushing Mr. Thompson to revisit were not Mr. Scarcella’s.

Representatives of Legal Aid, the Innocence Project and other legal advocacy groups, along with a few defense lawyers, are asking to meet with Mr. Thompson to help devise a protocol similar to that used in areas where clusters of exonerations have been warranted. One model is Dallas County, Tex., where 24 men have been exonerated using DNA evidence since 2001.

Yet the Dallas effort pales next to Brooklyn’s in complexity as well as size. DNA evidence can make guilt or innocence relatively straightforward. But in many of the Brooklyn cases, potential police or prosecutorial misconduct that may have violated defendants’ due process rights, not physical evidence, is casting doubt on convictions.

Chief among Mr. Scheck’s recommendations, he said, is instituting an information-sharing agreement between defense lawyers and conviction integrity unit investigators that calls for cooperation beyond the usual obligation to disclose evidence.

The two sides may disagree about whether evidence points to innocence, exposes misconduct or compels a new trial, he said, but both would have the tools to argue constructively before a judge.

Image

Credit...Michael Kirby Smith for The New York Times
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In another complication, prosecutors who still work in the district attorney’s office could be accused of misconduct as more cases are reviewed, raising the possibility that Mr. Thompson will need to refer cases to an independent reviewer, an idea he has endorsed. (Mr. Hynes commissioned an independent panel to review the Scarcella cases, but drew criticism for stacking it with friends and donors.)

Many of the cases will be new to the office, but a few had already received reviews under Mr. Hynes. His investigators had been expected to resolve several cases before he left office, but did not.

Some defendants have been released in the last several years, including William Lopez, who was convicted of shooting a drug dealer in Brighton Beach in 1989. His conviction was overturned last year because of weak evidence, a witness who said she had cut a secret deal with prosecutors to testify and what the judge called bewildering or simply bad behavior by every stakeholder in the trial, from judge to jury.

But his case remains urgent because Mr. Hynes appealed the overturning of his conviction to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which some lawyers believe is more likely to side with prosecutors, and which will schedule oral arguments soon. Mr. Lopez’s lawyer, Richard Levitt, hopes Mr. Thompson will drop the appeal before then. He has reason to feel confident: Mr. Thompson repeatedly criticized Mr. Hynes over Mr. Lopez’s case while campaigning.

“It’s important that Mr. Lopez have some closure here, and the sooner he has it, the better,” Mr. Levitt said. “They have said nothing to us, but we completely understand that he has a thousand different things he has to do to get up to speed as D.A. of a county as large as Brooklyn.”

In the case of Mr. Yarbough and Mr. Wilson, Mr. Hynes’s office resisted requests to reinvestigate for months, their lawyers said. Investigators eventually confirmed that no physical evidence linked either man to the crime scene, and matched the DNA found on Mr. Yarbough’s mother to that found on the 1999 murder victim.

Medical records showed that the victims probably died when both defendants were known to be still in Manhattan. Mr. Wilson recanted his confession and testimony incriminating Mr. Yarbough, saying that his confession had been coerced and that he had been offered a lighter sentence to testify against Mr. Yarbough. And in an affidavit, Mr. Yarbough’s first lawyer said she had been unprepared to defend him.

As Mr. Wilson sat with his mother and sisters on Thursday, his voice grew soft as he described how he had been railroaded into confessing as a 15-year-old.

“I was young, afraid, not used to being in the precinct and the justice system,” he said. “I didn’t know much then. It was pretty easy for them to coerce me into giving false statements.”

By the early 2000s, he said, he was determined to get legal help and get out. Not until Thursday was he free.

question: Why were Antonio Yarbough and Sharrif Wilson released from prison?

answer: They were wrongly convicted two decades previously for murders they didn't commit after prosecutors discovered new DNA evidence that created substantial reasonable doubt of their guilt.

question: Who said, "It feels good to be vindicated."?

answer: Antonio Yarbough

question: Who is Mr. Thompson?

answer: Mr. Thompson is the newly elected Brooklyn district attorney who campaigned on reforms to improve the conviction integrity unit created by his predecessor.

question: Who is Mr. Scarcella?

answer: Mr. Scarcella is a discredited Brooklyn detective responsible for possibly 50 murder convictions that need to be reviewed.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Antonio Yarbough and Sharrif Wilson were released from prison; the two were wrongly convicted two decades previously for murders they didn't commit after prosecutors discovered new DNA evidence that created substantial reasonable doubt of their guilt. Mr. Thompson is the newly elected Brooklyn district attorney who campaigned on reforms to improve the conviction integrity unit created by his predecessor. The conviction integrity unit was created when several earlier convictions were questioned. The unit is looking into hundreds of murder convictions due to forced confessions, untrustworthy witnesses, prosecutorial misconduct or discredited detectives.


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text:
Cat litter preference can be as unique as your cat’s predilection for specific food flavors or type of scratching surface. Switching to a new type or brand of kitty litter can hugely affect your cat’s life, so make sure you only do it if you have to, and then do it right.

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Take Your Time Making the Decision

Your cat isn’t looking for an adventure. Most cats are set in their ways and prefer not to try new stuff, whether it’s new food or new litter. For cats and humans alike, change often means stress. You can read more about stress in our article Potential Stressors in Cats – The Ultimate Checklist.

If your cat is happily using her litter-box with the existing type of litter, you shouldn’t tempt fate by trying to switch litter unless you have a very good reason. Make an undesired change too fast and you could end up with litter-box avoidance, a situation that can quickly turn into a habit that’s hard to break, even if you go back to the old type of litter.

Why Switch to a New Brand of Cat Litter?

Reasons for making the switch could include –

-   Existing litterbox problems, especially if your cat seemed uncomfortable digging in the box before starting to go elsewhere.
-   Switching from non-clumping to clumping litter which many feel is easier to clean.
-   Your existing brand becomes unavailable (if possible, stock up before that happens, to help you make the switch properly).

Do not switch to a new brand of litter simply because you feel like it. A nice commercial or cute packaging may appeal to you, but probably not to your cat. Also, do not switch to scented litter just because the box smells bad. Deal with the problem by increasing the frequency of scooping and by looking into possible changes in your cat’s diet.

Get It Right the First Time

Once you’ve made your mind up to switch to a different brand of litter, take the time to learn about the various types and see what you think would be the best choice for your cat. Read our article about Choosing the Right Kind of Litter, check our Cat Litter Reviews section, and by all means, start a thread in the Cat Care forum, asking for advice. You want to make the best possible decision, so that you won’t have to switch yet again a few months down the road.

How to Switch to a New Brand of Cat Litter

So, you’ve made up your mind and it’s time to switch Kitty to a new type of litter. You’ve researched everything and decided on which kind of new litter to try. What’s next?

Keep Stress In Mind

Remember, change is stress. Depending on your cat’s temperament and sensitivity to stressors, this could be a stressful process for her. In order to reduce stress and avoid the associated repercussions –

1.  Make the process as gradual and gentle as possible (see methods detailed below).
2.  Try to reduce stress in other areas of your cat’s life, or at least to make sure there are no additional big changes taking place at the same time. Consult our Potential Stressors in Cats – The Ultimate Checklist to try and assess if there might be other causes of stress and which could be alleviated.

Change the litter gradually

The last thing you want to do is simply dump the old litter, fill up the box with the new brand, and voila! Kitty has a new brand of cat litter!

While some cats may actually manage such an abrupt shift, most will be stressed out and some will avoid the new kind of litter altogether, choosing other spots in your home for their bathroom business.

Instead, make it a gradual change. Gradually add some of the new litter to your litter box every day, replacing the amount you scooped out. Watch your cat’s reactions without making a huge deal of her litterbox habits. Don’t “ooh and aah” over her using the new litter, just keep things relaxed and as normal as possible.

If you think your cat seems distressed or suspicious of the new litter, slow things down a bit. If the cat seems oblivious to the change, continue to add more of the new type of litter until the box contains only the new brand of litter.

Offer alternatives

Another way to make this a gradual, non-threatening, change is by offering more than one type of litter. Keep the old box with the brand she’s used to, but alongside it offer a separate litter box with the new type of litter.

You will still carry out the process of switching over the litter in the old box gradually and patiently, but offering your cat the new litter as an alternative may just tempt her to try it out on its own. If you find her using the new litter exclusively for a few days in a row, you can consider the switch complete and congratulate yourself on a successful change of litter.

question: Does changing your cat's litter brand affect the pet?

answer: Yes.

question: When should you change the type of litter?

answer: Change the litter only if absolutely necessary.

question: Should you buy scented litter?

answer: No, do not shift to scented litter just because the box smells bad.

question: How should you change the litter?

answer: Make the process as gradual as possible.

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer:
Cats have litter preferences. Shifting to a new brand of litter suddenly may cause stress to your pet. It is suggested that you make the change only if absolutely necessary. Learn about the different types available in the market and decide which would be best for your kitty.

Two ways to shift to a new brand of litter would be, first, to start adding small amounts of new litter in the old litter and gradually increase the amount. And second, to keep two litter boxes, one with the old litter and the other with new. Your pet will out of curiosity try the new litterbox eventually.


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The BADGER TELEVISION NETWORK was an American state network that operated for eight months from January 1958 until it ceased operations on August 8 of that year.[1] The regional television network was made up of three television stations in Wisconsin, WISN-TV (channel 12) in Milwaukee, WFRV-TV (channel 5, now a CBS affiliate) in Neenah/Green Bay and WKOW-TV (channel 27) in Madison.[2] All three stations at the time were affiliates of ABC.

Programs broadcast by the network included _Homemaker's Holiday_, a quiz show hosted by Charlie Hanson; _Good Housekeeping_, a lifestyle program hosted by Trudy Beilfuss based on WISN-TV's sister publication via the Hearst Corporation; and _Pretzel Party_, a variety program originally hosted by Larry Clark. All three programs originated from Milwaukee affiliate WISN-TV. During March 1958, the network also aired Senate Investigating Committee hearings during late-night hours.[3]

Schedule

-   12:30–1:00 p.m. – _Pretzel Party_[4]
-   1:00–1:30 p.m. – _Homemaker's Holiday_[5]
-   1:30–2:00 p.m. – _Good Housekeeping_[6]
-   11:00 p.m.–12:00 p.m. – Hearings (March only)[7]

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title: Badger Television Network

question: What is the Badger Television Network?

answer: The Badger Television Network was an American state network that operated for eight months from January 1958 until it ceased operations on August 8 of that same year.

question: What Wisconsin television stations made up the regional television network?

answer: WISN-TV (channel 12) in Milwaukee, WFRV-TV (channel 5, now a CBS affiliate) in Neenah/Green Bay, and WKOW-TV (channel 27) in Madison.

question: Name the programs broadcast by the network and their hosts.

answer:
Homemaker's Holiday - Charlie Hanson
Good Housekeeping - Trudy Beilfuss
Pretzel Party - Larry Clark

question: What else did the network broadcast?

answer: The network also aired the Senate Investigating Committee hearings during late-night hours.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Badger Television Network was an American state network that operated for eight months from January 1958 until it ceased operations on August 8 of that same year. The regional television network was made up of three Wisconsin television stations and aired three shows: Homemaker's Holiday, Good Housekeeping, and Pretzel Party. The network also broadcast Senate Investigating Committee hearings during late-night hours.


text:
Photo: Brennan Linsley

In the court documentscharging Volkswagen engineer James Robert Liang with fraud for developing VW’s diesel emission cheat, exists a small section about a software update in 2014. It alleges VW made its cars even more harmful to the environment just so the company could save on warranty costs.

The plea agreement claims Liang and “co-conspirators” made the defeat device more “effective” because emissions control components started failing and costing the company money. The plea agreement reads:

  As VW’s “clean diesel” vehicles in the United States began to age, they experienced higher rates of warranty claims for parts and components related to emissions control systems. Some of LIANG’s coconspirators believed that the increased claims were a result of the vehicle operating in testing mode too long rather than switching to “road mode.”

It goes on:

  Because of these increased claims, LIANG worked with his co-conspirators to enhance the defeat device to allow the vehicle to more easily recognize when the vehicle was no longer in testing mode.

G/O Media may get a commission

And the indictment alleges how Liang and others adjusted the software:

  Liang and his co-conspirators falsely and fraudulently told, and caused others to tell, U.S. customers and other that a software update in about 2014 was intended to improve the vehicles when, in fact, LIANG and his conspirators knew that the update used the steering wheel angle of the vehicle as a basis to more easily detect when the vehicle was undergoing emissions tests, thereby improving the defeat device’s precision in order to reduce the stress on the emissions control systems.

That’s absurd. According to these court documents, engineers at VW had the audacity to issue a software update to customers that dialed down emissions control usage and spewed more NOx into the environment, just so the company could save a buck.

This also essentially confirms the answer to the question we so often hear – “Why doesn’t Volkswagen just keep ‘testing mode’ on all the time?” Apparently doing so would cause the cars to fall apart.

question: Why was Volkswagen engineer James Robert Liang charged with fraud?

answer: He apparently developed VW's diesel emission cheat, which made its cars even more harmful to the environment just so the company could save on warranty costs.

question: Describe the plea agreement.

answer: It claims Liang and "co-conspirators" made the defeat device more "effective" because emissions control components started failing and costing the company money.

question: What is the answer to the question "Why doesn't Volkswagen just keep 'testing mode' on all the time?"

answer: The author says that keeping testing mode would cause the cars to fall apart.

question: How does the indictment allege Liang and others adjusted the software of the vehicle?

answer: Liang and his co-conspirators falsely and fraudulently told, and caused others to tell, U.S. customers and others that a software update in about 2014 was intended to improve the vehicles when that wasn't the case.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This document discusses when a court charged Volkswagen engineer James Robert Liang with fraud for developing VW’s diesel emission cheat. This was done because emissions control components started failing and costing the company money.


text:
GALDAN NAMCHOT is a festival celebrated in Tibet, Mongolia and many regions of Himalaya and particularly in Ladakh, India. It is to commemorate the birth as well as parinirvana (death) and the Buddhahood of Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 AD), a famous Scholar/teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led to the formation of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. Galdan Namchot also marks the beginning of the new year celebrations in Ladakh.

History

Je Tsongkhapa was born in the city of Tsongkha in Amdo, Tibet (present-day Haidong and Xining, Qinghai) in 1357. He was a famous teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led to the formation of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.[1] On the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month of the Tibetan lunar calendar, _Galdan Namchot_ is celebrated to commemorate birthday and Buddhahood of Je Tsongkhapa. Galdan Namchot also marks the beginning of the new year (which falls after five days of the Galdan Namchot festival and continues till the _Dosmoche festival_ in February).[2][3]

Ladkahi's follow the Tibetan lunar calendar. Historically Losar, thereby Galdan Namchot were celebrated in the twelfth month in the Tibetan lunar calendar. Owing to a war in Skardu during reign of Raja Jamyang Namgyal (1595–1616 AD), Ladakh started celebrating Losar two months before in the tenth month of the Tibetan lunar calendar.[4]

Celebrations

As a part of the _Galdan Namchot_ festival, monasteries, public and residential buildings are lit up.[5] Butter lamps are also lit up which symbolizes the annihilation of darkness.[6] Traditional dishes such as Thukpa, Momo and Butter tea is prepared and served in households. _Khatak_, a traditional ceremonial scarf is gifted by Ladakhi people.[7][8]

Schedule

Since Ladakh follows the Tibetan lunar calendar and Galdan Namchot festival comes on the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month Tibetan calendar, every year the festival falls on different dates of the Gregorian calendar.[9][10]

  Year   Date
  ------ -------------
  2012   8 December
  2013   23 December
  2014   16 December
  2015   5 December
  2016   23 December
  2017   12 December
  2018   2 December
  2019   21 December
  2020   10 December

[1] _Heart Jewel: The Essential Practices of Kadampa Buddhism_, p. 3, Tharpa Publications (2nd. ed., 1997)

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title: Galdan Namchot

question: What does Galdan Namchot celebrate?

answer: The birth, death (parinirvana), and Buddhahood of Je Tsongkhapa. In Ladakh, India, it is also a new year celebration.

question: What is Je Tsongkhapa's significance in Buddhism?

answer: He is a scholar who played a role in forming the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

question: Where was Je Tsongkhapa born?

answer: The Tibetan city of Tsongkha in Amdo, which presently takes the form of cities Haidong and Xining in Qinghai.

question: How old was Je Tsongkhapa when he died?

answer: 62 (approx.)

question: When is Galdan Namchot?

answer: In the Tibetan lunar calendar, it falls on the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month each year. This means the Gregorian date changes from year to year.

question: Summarize everything relating to khatak.

answer: Khatak is a ceremonial scarf used as a gift by people from Ladakh, India, as part of the Galdan Namchot celebrations.

question: When was Galdan Namchot in 2013?

answer: December 23

question: Which buildings are lit up in celebration?

answer: Monasteries, public and residential buildings.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Galdan Namchot celebrates the  birth, death (parinirvana), and Buddhahood of Je Tsongkhapa, a scholar whose work contributed to forming the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. In the Tibetan lunar calendar, the festival falls on the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month each year. In Ladakh, India, it is also a new year celebration.


text:
GEORGE NUGENT-TEMPLE-GRENVILLE, 1ST MARQUESS OF BUCKINGHAM, (17 June 1753 – 11 February 1813; known as THE 3RD EARL TEMPLE between 1779 and 1784) was a British statesman.

Background and early life

Grenville was the eldest son of George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain, and his wife, Elizabeth Wyndham, daughter of Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet, and was born on 17 June 1753. He was the nephew of Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, and the elder brother of Thomas Grenville and of William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, also Prime Minister of Great Britain. In 1764, he was appointed a Teller of the Exchequer. He was educated at Eton College from 1764 to 1770 and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1770. He succeeded his father on 13 November 1770. In 1774 he undertook a Grand Tour through Italy and Austria. In 1775, he married the Hon. Mary Nugent, daughter of the 1st Viscount Clare (later the 1st Earl Nugent).[1]

Political career

[Statue sculpted by Edward Smyth in 1783, showing Buckingham in the robes of a Knight of the Order of St Patrick[2]] [Shield of arms of George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, KG, KP, PC - Vert, on a cross argent five torteaux (for Grenville)]

Grenville was returned as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire at the 1774 general election. In the House of Commons he emerged as a sharp critic of the American policy of Lord North. In September 1779, he succeeded his uncle as Earl Temple and moved to the House of Lords.[3]

Grenville also took the additional family names Nugent and Temple by Royal Warrant issued on 4 December[4] making the compound family name Nugent-Temple-Grenville. In 1782, Lord Temple was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire and in July 1782, he became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of Lord Shelburne. He was instrumental in the enactment of the Renunciation Act of 1783, which supplemented the legislative independence granted to Ireland in 1782. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and by Royal Warrant, he created the Order of St Patrick in February 1783, with himself as the first Grand Master. He left Ireland in 1783 and again turned his attention to English politics. He enjoyed the confidence of King George III, and having opposed Fox's East India Bill, he was authorised by the King to say that “whoever voted for the India Bill was not only not his friend, but would be considered by him as an enemy”, a message which ensured the defeat of the Bill. He was appointed a Secretary of State when the younger Pitt (his father's sister's son) formed his ministry in December 1783, but resigned only three days later.

In December 1784, Lord Temple was created MARQUESS OF BUCKINGHAM. In November 1787, he was again appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, this time under Pitt, but his second tenure of this office proved less successful than the first. Grattan denounced him for extravagance; the Irish Houses of Parliament censured him for refusing to transmit to England an address calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency; and he could only maintain his position by resorting to bribery on a large scale. When his father-in-law died in 1788, Lord Buckingham succeeded him as 2nd Earl Nugent. However, since he already held the higher rank of Marquess, he was never known by this title. Having become very unpopular, he resigned his office in September 1789.

Later years

Lord Buckingham subsequently took very little part in politics, although he spoke in favour of the Act of Union of 1800. His wife died in 1812 and he died on 11 February 1813 at his residence, Stowe in Buckinghamshire. He was buried at his ancestral Wotton. He left two sons: The 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos and The 2nd Baron Nugent.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

question: Summarize Grenville's political career during the 1780s.

answer: He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire i82 and became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1782. He helped enact the Renunciation Act of 1783 and created the Order of St. Patrick that same year. He left Ireland to focus on English politics, gaining the confidence of King George III. In 1787, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland a second time, but this tenure was less successful. He was denounced for extravagense and censured. He became the 2nd Earl Nugent upon his father-in-law's death in 1788. He resigned his office in 1789.

question: Summarize Grenville's second tenure as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

answer: He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland a second time in November 1787. He was denounced for his extravagance and censured for refusing to transmit an address to England calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency. In order to maintain his position, he resorted to bribery. He resigned from office in 1789.

question: Summarize Grenville's personal life.

answer: He married Mary Nugent in 1775. They had two sons: The 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos and The 2nd Baron Nugent.

question: What does the article say about Grenville's relationship with his wife?


text:
New South Wales is the latest Australian state to hear calls for sharks to be culled, in response to a spate of fatal and non-fatal incidents.

NSW Premier Mike Baird has implemented a new surveillance program, while resisting calls for a cull on the basis that it doesn’t work.

Put simply, there is no scientific support for the concept that culling sharks in a particular area will lead to a decrease in shark attacks and increase ocean safety.

Western Australia tried culling sharks with baited drum lines last year. The tactic did not improve the safety of swimmers, surfers or divers – one of the reasons why scientists actively opposed the cull. A similar long-standing policy in Queensland has shown little evidence of effectiveness.

Born survivors

Sharks have inhabited this planet for more than 400 million years, and have survived five mass extinctions. Earth is now entering its sixth – this time caused by humans – and sharks are at the pointy end, with 90% of the species already considered threatened.

It is not just an issue on NSW’s surf breaks. Humanity’s growing demand for protein has put substantial pressure on oceanic systems, and industrial fishing techniques have have reduced predatory fish populations to less than 10% of their historic numbers. Sharks are especially vulnerable because of their low reproductive rates, slow growth and delayed rates of maturity.

The Indo-Australasian region is recognised as a hot-spot for global shark biodiversity, and in in this region Australia trumps all, with more than 36% of all known shark species living in Australian waters.

What’s more, sharks play a pivotal role within the ecosystems they inhabit. As apex predators, they maintain community structure and biodiversity by regulating predator and prey abundance. Even light fishing pressure such as species-target line fisheries can cause dramatic declines in populations of large coastal sharks. Meanwhile, indirect fishing via shark meshing programs can catch a range of targeted and non-targeted species of sharks.

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Blanket measures don’t tend to work well as a rule. AAP Image/Dave Hunt

What would a cull do to sharks and ecosystems?

Shark culling is best thought of as an indiscriminate method of removing sharks from our coastal ecosystems. The WA and Queensland culls have led to the capture and death of many non-targeted sharks. We also know that many shark species do not cope with capture well – a recent Australian study found that 100% of hammerheads caught by line fishing will die of stress within an hour of capture.

Similarly, spinner and dusky sharks have very low survival rates within the first few hours of being hooked, and sharks that are hooked and subsequently released do not necessarily survive.

Hooking in the gut is very common. New South Wales’ flagship threatened aquatic species, the greynurse shark, will most probably die over time if hooked in the gut and then released. Stainless steel hooks do not rust out but become encapsulated in the tissue over time, causing starvation, wasting of the body (known as cachexia), and eventual death.

If we remove sharks as top predators from the ecosystem, the effects will filter down to animals lower down the food chain and cause unexpected changes to ecosystems. We are already seeing such changes in areas where sharks are overfished.

Declines in the number of blacktip sharks in North Carolina in the late 1970s and 1980s caused an increase in the relative abundance of cownose rays and a corresponding decrease in scallops over the ensuing decades. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are typified by a complexity of players in the food chain, and removing such macropredators will result in decreasing ecosystem resilience.

What can we do instead of culling?

Indiscriminately culling sharks is dangerous to marine ecosystems, not to mention expensive and futile. We would be far better off allocating resources to achieving a greater understanding of the ecology and behaviour of these large predators. We can increase knowledge of why and where sharks are likely to attack humans by tagging sharks and following their movements over time, or through genetic studies that can assess effective population sizes.

Current aerial surveys are unlikely to be a successful strategy, however. Scientific analysis has already discredited aerial programs in NSW. Aerial surveys have only a 12.5% success rate in spotting a coastal shark from a fixed-wing aircraft, and a 17.1% success rate in helicopters. As surveys are only done for a few hours per week, and pass over a particular beach in minutes, these patrols can give the public a false sense of security.

Other non-invasive methods of mitigation are currently being developed, including the use of erratic walls of bubbles to deter sharks, and the development of wetsuits and surfboards that sharks are less likely to mistake as prey.

But ultimately, we also need to take personal responsibility, and reduce the likelihood of an attack by not swimming at dawn and dusk, not entering the water at the mouth of estuaries with poor visibility, or in areas of baitfish. After all, even sharks can make mistakes.

question: How long have sharks inhabited Earth?

answer: Over 400 million years

question: Where does this article pertain to?

answer: New South Wales, Australia

question: What is culling?

answer: An indiscriminate method of removing sharks from coastal ecosystems.

question: How do scientists feel about culling?

answer: They believe there is no scientific support for any benefits to culling.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: New South Wales, Australia is considering culling to curb the amount of sharks in the area. The shark population has been significantly decreasing due to overfishing and other human-induced measures. The Indo-Australasian area has a significant amount of sharks. Many people disagree with the use of culling for sharks because they are such a vulnerable population. Non-invasive methods are currently in development.


text:
A Pakistani official on Thursday slammed the CIA's fake vaccination drive in 2011 for fueling distrust of polio eradication campaigns and driving "attacks on polio workers" as the country grapples with an outbreak of this highly infectious disease.

Speaking to reporters at a press briefing, a spokesperson for Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs took direct aim at the CIA's false vaccination campaign, which was conducted as part of the hunt for Osama Bin Ladin and exposed by the _Guardian_ in 2011.

"A fake campaign of vaccination was conducted in Pakistan in which the [International NGOs] were also used," said the spokesperson, according to a transcript from the Pakistani government. "I am referring to Dr. Shakeel Afridi’s case. This further reinforced the negative perception about the agenda behind the polio eradication campaign."

With the help of Pakistani doctor Shakil Afridi, the CIA orchestrated a fake hepatitis B vaccination drive in a poor neighborhood of Abbottabad in a ruse to obtain information and DNA from Bin Laden's family to determine the Al-Qaeda leader's location.

Revelations of the plot sparked skepticism and anger towards legitimate health workers attempting to administer vaccinations, causing them to be driven out of villages, banned by some Taliban factions, and attacked and killed at escalating rates. Local opposition to vaccination efforts remains a key barrier to broad administration of the vaccine.

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Usman, a father of four living in a slum of Pakistan's Bhains Colony, told _FT Magazine_ that, because of the Abbottabad incident, he refused to vaccinate his son Musharaf. At the age of two, Musharaf became the first polio casualty of 2013. “If the incident in Abbottabad did not happen, and these rumors didn’t spread to us, we would have continued the vaccinations as we had been," he said.

Despite the near-eradication of polio across the globe, Pakistan remains one of three countries where the highly disease is endemic.

This week, the World Health Organization declared that rising polio infections in Pakistan are spreading to other countries, sparking a "public health emergency" on a global scale. The body recommended that all Pakistani residents show proof of vaccination before leaving the country.

Of the 74 new polio cases documented by the WHO this year, 59 of them were in Pakistan.

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question: Why did the CIA have a fake vaccination drive?

answer: To obtain familial information about Osama Bin Laden.

question: Why is this particularly reprehensible?

answer: The CIA conducted this vaccination drive in a poor area, where people are more vulnerable and medical care is more scarce.

question: What is one fallout from this misstep?

answer: Some people are now refusing to vaccinate their children.

question: Who was the doctor involved in this?

answer: Dr Shakeel Afridi


text:
BENJAMIN JAMES PEREZ ABLAO JR. (born ) is an independent (indie film) filmmaker and actor from the United States. He is the founder of B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc., a registered corporation with the State of Delaware. Not limited to any one particular genre, he has produced award-winning films ranging from comedy [1] to drama[2] to artistic[3] to horror.[4]

Biography

Early life and education

Benjamin P. Ablao Jr. was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Benjamin P. Ablao Sr. and Angelita P. Ablao. He is the oldest of two children, with a sister named Betsy. His parents were both of Filipino heritage, with his father being from the Philippine capital, Manila, and mother from the Philippine “summer capital”, Baguio.

His parents were experienced professionals in their careers. His father was a civil engineer for a private firm until his retirement in 2007, and his mother was a Medical Technologist for the State of Delaware until her retirement in 2006. His parents were active members with a local Filipino organization, the Pilipino American Association of Delaware (“PAAD”)1, which was very active in the performance arts and heritage celebration. His experiences growing up in the small town of Claymont, a northern suburb of Wilmington, and his early exposure to performing in school/organization talent shows would eventually resurface again in his later life.

As a young boy, Ablao sang in school talent shows and performed in PAAD-sponsored Holiday / Talent events. His sister also performed for similar events and many times they sang duets together. He and his sister also took piano lessons at the urging of their mother.

After high school, he enrolled at the University of Delaware as an International Relations major and continued his education there until he transferred to Widener University in 1997. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree and Certificate in Paralegal Studies in 2003.

He is currently working to obtain his Masters in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix-Philadelphia (PA) campus.

Journalism

Ablao attended Wilmington's Salesianum School and took many courses in public policy, government and business. He was a member of several student organizations including Model United Nations, Stage Crew and The Review, the high school's newspaper.

He also served during his junior and senior years as Acting Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, Art Director, and journalist for The Eye Magazine, a statewide student-run monthly magazine published by the Resource Center of the YMCA of Delaware2 until 1992. Because of his dedication and commitment to the magazine, the YMCA of Delaware named him a “1991 Youth Volunteer of the Year” recipient and was asked to and served on the Board of Directors for the Resource Center of the YMCA of Delaware3 from 1992 through 1993.

Upon graduation from high school, he attended the University of Delaware where he served as the Propraetor (Alumni Secretary) for the Kappa Delta Rho Fraternity4 (AB Chapter) in 1994,and was responsible for the organization and publication of the fraternity newsletter. From 2000 through 2002, Ablao served as President of the Kappa Delta Rho Alumni Corporation 5 (AB Chapter) and Editor-in-Chief of the bi-annual Alumni Newsletter.

Film Beginnings & Awards

While working in a financial services company in 2001, Ablao met director Anthony Spadaccini. In what started out initially as providing input for several film clips has grown and developed into a strong business relationship and personal friendship.[5] Eventually Spadaccini, under the Fleet Street Films label, combined with the support from Ablao, under the B.P.A. Productions label. Fleet Street Films is a subsidiary and the independent film productions studio of B.P.A. Productions Group.

Ablao has produced several short and feature films including: “Emo Pill” (2006)6, “Aftermath” (2005)7 and “Hatred” (2006)8.

The short film “Monday Morning” (2005) 9 (a tribute to the Chaplin/Keaton silent comedies) has played at numerous film festivals in the U.S. & Canada since 2005, and won 2nd place for Best Experimental Short at the 2006 Indie Gathering Film Festival.[6] “The First Date” (2006) 10, the follow-up to “Monday Morning”, won Best Experimental Short at the 2007 Indie Gathering Film Festival.[7] Similarly the critically acclaimed experimental short “Emo Pill”, distinguished for its beautiful & haunting imagery, has played at several festivals in the U.S. & Canada, debuting at the 2006 Newark Film Festival and winning 3rd Place for Best Experimental Short at the 2007 Indie Gathering Film Festival.[8]

Exemplary Filmmaking awards were issued for both “Emo Pill” and “Monday Morning” at the 2006 Delaware Valley Film Festival.

Including “Emo Pill,” “Aftermath,” “Hatred,” and “Monday Morning,” Ablao has served as executive producer for a multitude of other productions: “Unstable” (2005)11, “The Troubled Interviewee” (2002)12, “Glenville: Hell’s Homecoming” (2005)13, “Head Case" (2007)14 and “Amateur Porn Star Killer 2” (2008)15.

Ablao's acting credits include the horror short “En Passant”, all by award-winning filmmaker Johnny K. Wu, and Spadaccini's “Hatred”, “The First Date”, and “Head Case.”

The latest feature film, “Head Case” (a horror pseudo-documentary), premiered at the 3rd annual Newark Film Festival, which drew in the largest crowd for a local independent film for the second straight year.

Ablao has made special appearances on the local & regional media circuit such as WVUD, the University of Delaware student radio [9] and was a guest speaker for independent film production at Wilmington College in 2006.

Ablao is currently working on promoting “Head Case”, as well as producing three feature films simultaneously. In addition, he is producing a music video for Chris Watson (a contestant on the 7th season of American Idol).

[1] Benjamin P. Ablao Jr

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Bothum, Peter. Indie Filmmakers Banking On A Bright Future. (Wilmington, Delaware), The News Journal, 2 April 2006, Pg. 2,

[6] 2006 Winners

[7] New Page 1

[8]

[9] YouTube - HEAD CASE - World Premiere on 'The Midnight Ride' (3 of 3)

title: Benjamin P. Ablao Jr.

question: What argument could be offered that Benjamin P Ablao Jr may have planned a future away from the performing arts when leaving school?

answer: Though Benjamin Ablao showed a lot of interest in the performing arts while at school he enrolled in University to do International Relations. He obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree and a Certificate in Paralegal studies. This doesn't seem like the educational choice of a person who has set his mind on a career in the arts.

question: How did Ablao eventually get into movies?

answer: While working at a Financial Service company, Ablao met film director, Anthony Spadaccini. He began by offering inputs to film clips. The two became firm friends and formed a strong business relationship forming the B.P.A. Group together. Films made by the Group have won several awards.

question: How did Ablao meet his wife?


text:
[Thomas Crapper]

Thomas Crapper’s contributions to modern hygiene and sanitation make him a significant and remarkable figure in history. Born in Yorkshire 1836, he was the founder of Thomas Crapper & Co in London. He is sometimes falsely credited with having invented the modern flushing toilet but that had already been invented in the 16th century by an author named Sir John Harington. He developed a working model in the palace of Queen Elizabeth I, who was his godmother.

Crapper was the son of a steamboat captain living in Yorkshire and became an apprentice to a master plumber at the age of 14. By the age of 25 he had established his own plumbing shop in London. He was granted a total of nine patents during his lifetime for making improvements to drainage, inventing different types of water closets, making manhole covers and developing pipe joints. None of Thomas Crapper’s patents was ever rejected; all his inventions were successfully patented and certified.

After his apprenticeship, Thomas Crapper worked as a journeyman plumber for three years and then became a sanitary engineer by setting up his own foundry and workshops. He owned and operated three plumbing shops in his lifetime. The most famous of these was the shop in King’s Road, London. Once Crapper retired from work in 1904, these were sold to his partners who continued to run the business under the same name but eventually closed down for business in 1966. Thomas Crapper served as the royal sanitary engineer for many noble families included providing toilets, plumbing and supplies to Edward VII and George V but he was never actually knighted himself. However, the title of “Sir” is sometimes incorrectly attached to his name.

It is sometimes believed that the use of the term “crapper” for toilet is due to Crapper. Some sources claim that US soldiers during World War I saw the word “Crapper” imprinted on toilets and believed that this was the name for toilet. It is also believed that this is also how the term “crap” came to be associated with bodily waste. However, other sources suggest that the term “crap” traces its origin from the Dutch word “krappen” which means to separate or cast off and the French word “crappe” which means unwanted or waste material. Another misconception held regarding Thomas Crapper is that he invented the valve-less toilet, which was a remarkable advancement in plumbing. However, this invention was actually patented by Joseph Adamson in 1853, almost a decade before Crapper had even established his business. Thomas Crapper holds no patents related to this mechanism but his nephew George Crapper was awarded one for making improvements in siphonic flushing tanks. It is notable that magazines and newspapers credited him as being a great salesman, businessman and manufacturer but not as an inventor.

Some people greatly discredit Thomas Crapper’s services by alluding to all his contributions as fabrications. One of the reasons for this is a book called “Flushed with Pride: The Story of Thomas Crapper” published in 1969 by Wallace Reyburn. This book is written as Thomas Crapper’s biography but because the author’s other works include biographies of fictional characters, people sometimes believe that Reyburn invented Thomas Crapper’s character and the man did not actually exist. However, we know that even though Thomas Crapper did not invent the toilet, he did make remarkable contributions to the field of plumbing and his name is still imprinted on manhole covers in London.

question: When was Crapper born?

answer: 1836

question: When did Crapper die?

answer: Sometime after 1904

question: Who invented the modern flushing toilet?

answer: Sir John Harrington

question: Who is the author of this article?

answer: That information can't be found

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Thomas Crapper did not invent the toilet or the valve-less toilet, but he was an expert plumber and sanitation engineer in Britain during the mid to late 1800s.


text:
A topic in one of my past papers. 20 minutes, no planning. Let me know how I can fine tune it. Just so you know, English is not my native language and this is my first time in this place. Enjoy.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
It was a hazy night. Though the roads were clear, a lonely black sedan still roamed the streets. The driver, John, was not conscious of his actions at the moment. His mind was obnubilated with all the alcohol he had consumed. A light rain started to fall. The pitter-patter of the rain drops only mulled John's senses.

 He could barely see where he was going much less see any one else. Through his blurry vision and scrambled consciousness, he swayed the car dangerously on every turn. He did not see the black form that appeared suddenly from the road-side. He could not have seen him or apprehended the gravity of the situation but when he felt a sudden bump in his car, he knew something was wrong. He slowed the car cautiously. He got out of the car dangerously, his mind weighed heavily with the influence of alcohol. The rain had started to fall heavy now. As John made his way behind the car, what he saw brought him back to reality in one clawing stroke. A twisted, black body lay crumpled on the road. As the police would later comfort the victim's family, he had not suffered much at all. It was all over in a few moments. Tear tracks ran down John's face as he realized what he had done. The saltiness of the tears crippled his newly surfaced soberness. His life was over in a instant. The body of the victim was contracted so horribly that it rippled horrible goose bumps across John's skin that not even the rain could flatten. The rain was pouring down in bullets now. A puddle of red surround the body. Its skin was scorched with bruises and gashes of blood and dirt. To John, each wound was like his own.

 As he stood staring at the body, the minutes felt like hours. Time seemed to be raging at him for the death of the victim. The clouds coughed and showered the last of their condensed vapours before leaving. Stars twinkled and shined as the moon came out. As though this seemed to finalize the episode of the accident, John slipped back into the cold seat of his car and reversed the car. He re-shifted the gears to the fifth, slammed his foot down on the accelerator, and waited for the impact.

title: The Victim

question: What is John most likely doing at the end of the story?

answer: John most likely kills himself at the end of the story.

question: How was the victim killed?

answer: John killed the victim with his car.


text:
HENRY CLEMENT BYERLY (August 7, 1935 – December 28, 2016) was an American philosopher known for his work in philosophy of science, logic and evolutionary theory. He was Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona, where he taught from 1967–1995.

Education

Henry Byerly attended the University of Minnesota, where he earned an undergraduate degree in mathematics and physics, a master's degree in mathematics, and a PhD in philosophy. His PhD was given for his 1967 thesis “The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities.”.[1] He studied for his doctorate under May Brodbeck, a student of Gustav Bergmann.

Bibliography

Books

-   -

Selected Papers

-   -   -   -   -   -

[1]

title: Henry Byerly

question: When was Byerly born?

answer: August 7, 1935

question: Where did Byerly earn his PhD?

answer: The University of Minnesota

question: What was the title of Byerly's thesis?

answer: "The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities"

question: Where did Byerly teach?

answer: The University of Arizona

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Henry Clement Byerly was an American philosopher. He was born in 1935, earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Minnesota, and taught at the University of Arizona from 1967-1995. He died in 2016.


text:
thumb|Jean-Loup Trassard in 2008

JEAN-LOUP TRASSARD (11 August 1933, Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine) is a French writer and photographer.

He says of himself that he is a “writer of agriculture.” Since 1961, he has been publishing short texts, narratives, photographs and texts in which he recounts his “territory” by Gallimard and Le Temps qu'il fait. The vision he offers of the traditional rural civilization which disappears irrevocably, is both ethnological and poetic.

In 2012 he was awarded the grand prix of the Société des gens de lettres Magdeleine-Cluzel for the whole of his work.

Biography

His father, René, was an entrepreneur (“fermier de droits de place” - “farmer of rights of place”-) on the markets, which was a service to the communes organizing markets, in Brittany and in Normandy. He was a single child who went to the secular school of the village. Catechism, communions and masses were little appreciated.

He lived a country childhood punctuated by agricultural work and which would influence all his work as a writer and photographer. He lost his mother in 1945.

He had poor beginnings in high school (by correspondence then at Lycée Michelet in Vanves). From the 4th to the philosophy class he attended the Lycée of Laval, whose last two years he spent as a boarder. He obtained a degree in law from the Faculté de droit de Paris. Between these legal studies, he followed the courses of ethnology at the Musée de l'Homme and especially, during two years, the courses of prehistory of André Leroi-Gourhan.

Literature

In 1955, he married. His first child, François, was born in 1957. At the end of 1959, he sent his first texts to Jean Paulhan who received him at the _La Nouvelle Revue française (NRF)_ and led him to Georges Lambrichs, the new literary director at Gallimard.

In July 1960, came the first publication, _Le lait de taupes_ (“Mole milk”) at the NRF. In 1960, he became a farmer of communal rights alongside his father, then in his place after his disappearance in 1968. He kept this profession until 31 December 2000. In 1961, a friendship was established with Jean Clay, a journalist and historian of art, who, for a time, was his first reader and an important support. Jean Clay later became the publisher of the Macula publishing house

In 1962, Jean-Loup remarried. He has a daughter, Laure, in 1968.

Literary journey and photography

Around Georges Lambrichs, he met Dominique Aury and Constance Delaunay, and all the authors of the new series of Georges Lambrichs, _Le Chemin_ : Jacques Borel, Le Clézio, Michel Butor, Georges Perros, Jean Roudaut, Pierre Bourgeade, Ludovic Janvier, Marianne Alphant, Max Loreau and many others, including Henri Thomas, though he was older.

The magazines successively directed by Georges Lambrichs, _Les Cahiers du Chemin_ then the _NRF_, in which he actively participated, gave rise to various meetings where the authors met. Some of them became and remained very close friends: , Michel Deguy, Gérard Macé. From time to time he published in the magazine _Poésie_ directed by Michel Deguy. In 1980, he met Georges Monti, a publisher installed at Cognac.

The first exhibition of photographs took place in 1983, at La Rochelle _Chapelle Fromentin_ (expo. collective), then Montpellier in 1987 (_Médiathèque_) and Caen in 1991 (_Théâtre_). In 1992, sixty photographs are exhibited for three months at Centre Pompidou under the title _La campagne de Jean-Loup Trassard_. Bernard Lamarche-Vadel, a writer and art critic, introduced him into the world of photography.

He is a breeder: cows Maine-Anjou, calves under the mother, oxen fed in the old way. Since 1953 until today, he divides his time, in varying proportions, between the Mayenne countryside and Paris. He extends his action locally by creating in 1999, the association Mémoire rurale au Pays de l'Ernée whose aim is to trace the evolution of lifestyles in the 20th century on the territory in order to leave a trace for future generations.

Bibliography

-   1960: _Le lait de taupes_, in _Nouvelle Revue française_, dir. Jean Paulhan
-   1961: _L’Amitié des abeilles : recueil de nouvelles_, series directed by Georges Lambrichs, “Jeune Prose”, Gallimard
-   1965: _L’érosion intérieure_ (short stories), Paris, Gallimard
-   1969: _Paroles de laine_ (short stories), Gallimard
-   1975: _L’ancolie_ (short stories), Gallimard
-   1980: _L’érosion intérieure_ (narrations), Gallimard
-   1981: _Inventaire des outils à main dans une ferme_ (texts and photos), Cognac, Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1981: _Des cours d’eau peu considérables_ (narrations), Gallimard
-   1981: _Histoires françaises_ (in collab. with Patrice Roy), École des loisirs
-   1981: _Trois noëls en forêt_ (in collab. with Michel Gay), École des loisirs
-   1982: _Une classe de neige_, École des loisirs
-   1983: _Bleue bergère_ (in collab. with Bernard Jeunet), École des loisirs
-   1984: _Une classe de nature ou Comment repiquer les petits citadins en pleine terre_, École des loisirs
-   1984: _Rana-la-Menthe_ (in collab. with John Howe), Ipomée
-   1985: _Abbaye de Clermont : abbaye cistercienne en Mayenne_ (in collab. with Patrice Roy), Édition Siloé
-   1985: _La Mayenne des chemins creux : 70 circuits de petite randonnée pédestre_, Association départementale de la randonnée pédestre (hiking) of Mayenne, ADRPM
-   1985: _L’amitié des abeilles_, Cognac, Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1987: _Lance-pierre_ (short story), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1987: _Tardifs instantanés_ (souvenirs), Gallimard
-   1989: _Territoire_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1989: _Union soviétique : littérature et perestroïka_ (in collab. with Charles Dobzynski, Claude Frioux), Europe
-   1989: _Campagnes de Russie_ (travel), Gallimard
-   1990: _Images de la terre russe_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1990: _Ligature_ (lithography by Daniel Nadaud on five texts), Plancoët, Hôtel Continental
-   1991: _Caloge_ (narrations), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1991: _Ouailles_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1993: _L'Espace antérieur_ (souvenirs), Gallimard, Prix France Culture
-   1993: _Archéologie des feux_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1994: _Traquet motteux ou L’agronome sifflotant_, Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1995: _Objets de grande utilité_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   1995: _Nous sommes le sang de cette génisse_ (narration), Gallimard
-   1996: _Tumulus_, photographs by Jean-Philippe Reverdot, Le Temps qu'il fait
-   2000: _Les derniers paysans_ (photographs), le Temps qu'il fait
-   2000: _Dormance_ (novel), Gallimard
-   2003: _La Composition du jardin_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   2004: _La Déménagerie_ (novel), Gallimard
-   2005: _Nuisibles_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   2006: _Le voyageur à l’échelle_ (texts and photographs), Le Temps qu'il fait
-   2007: _Conversation avec le taupier_, Le Temps qu’il fait
-   2007: _Amère la mer_ (texts and photographs), Vendôme, Circa 1924
-   2007 _L’Ancolie_, Gallimard, Une réédition dans la collection L’Imaginaire de L’Ancolie, sorti en 1975 dans la collection Le Chemin
-   2008: _Sanzaki_, Le Temps qu’il fait
-   2010: _Eschyle en Mayenne_, Le Temps qu’il fait
-   2012: _L’homme des haies_, Gallimard, (prix de l'Académie française Maurice Genevoix 2013).
-   2012: _Causement_, Le Temps qu’il fait
-   2015: _Neige sur la forge_, Gallimard, ()
-   2015: _Exodiaire_, Le temps qu'il fait

Studies on Jean-Loup Trassard

-   “Jean-Loup Trassard : le cerceau de bois”, by , in _L’Ecole des lettres_ (II) n°5, éd. L’École des Loisirs, 15 November 1984.
-   “Territoire de Jean-Loup Trassard”, by Yves Leclair, in _La Nouvelle Revue Française_, n°438-439, éd. Gallimard, July–August 1989.
-   “Ouailles de J.-L.Trassard” by Yves Leclair, in _La Nouvelle Revue Française_, n°471, éd. Gallimard, April 1992
-   “Un Mayennais au souffle cosmique : Jean-Loup Trassard”, by , in “Voix d’Ouest en Europe, souffles d’Europe en Ouest”, acts of symposia, Angers, Presses de l’Université, 1993, p. 559-572
-   “Trassard”, by Yves Leclair, in _La Nouvelle Revue Française_, n°503, éd. Gallimard, December 1994.
-   ''Mythe et réalité dans “Nous sommes le sang de cette génisse” by Jean-Loup Trassard’', mémoire de maîtrise de Julien Guerrier, Angers, 1999
-   ''L’écriture du bocage : sur les chemins de Jean-Loup Trassard’', texts collected and interview by Arlette Bouloumié, Angers, Presses de l’Université, 2000
-   _Salade ou rôti ? Jean-Loup Trassard, écrivain photographe : de la composition du paysage à l’illusionnisme_, by , , n° 113 - 4th Quarter 2010
-   “Jean-Loup Trassard”, _Cahier n° 11_ (dir. Dominique Vaugeois), Le Temps qu'il fait, 2014.

title: Jean-Loup Trassard

question: Who was Jean-Loup Trassard?

answer: A French writer and photographer

question: What was Trassard awarded in 2012?

answer: the grand prix of the Société des gens de lettres Magdeleine-Cluzel for the whole of his work.

question: Summarize that kind of childhood Trassard lived.

answer: He lived a country childhood punctuated by agricultural work

question: When did Trassard write most of his work?

answer: In the 1950's and 1960's.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Jean-Loup Trassard is a French writer and photographer born in 1933. He refers to himself as a "writer of agriculture" and publishes short texts, narratives and photographs with text.


text:
    When the world was young and innocent of Death, and Light ruled while Darkness slept, my sister and I lived in a garden. In this garden there were many beautiful things: plants and creatures alike. While we loved this garden, we were not the caretakers of it and knew not who the gardener was who had planted it or who it was that took care of it; yet it was always quite luscious and constantly thriving. One day while wandering throughout the garden we decided to rest under our favorite cherry tree, which was in full blossom.

    While we rested and talked, there came a great rush of air and a tremendous beating of wings above the tree where we sat. It was a bird that landed gracefully but powerfully in front of us. But this was not just a bird, no, this was a beast of a bird, a king of winged creatures, a lord of the skies. Its colors were that of the rainbow and its feathers many and soft to the eyes. Its size was enormous and great: nearly ten feet from beak to claw and its wingspan at least that twice. We were, of course, amazed at the size and greatness of this bird. We both watched in wonder as all the birds of the garden, and all the animals too, came to this beast’s feet and offered gifts of fruit, flowers, and dance and song. All the creatures in the garden seemed to fear and worship this magnificent bird.

    Then, after seeing the respect and adoration this winged master was receiving, we grew jealous and began to hate the bird and despise it for its beauty and power. We wanted the love and worship of the animals, for we were the blessed, the human, the masters of the garden–or so we deemed. We befriended this beautiful beast and then poisoned an apple and gave it to the bird as a gift. The bird ate it eagerly. Soon the beast was crying out in pain while my sister and I danced around him and his misery.
Soon after that, the creature breathed his last. But our jealousy had grown, as it always does. I cut off his head with my sword, and my sister and I pulled off every last one of his colorful feathers and made a coat out of them. We marched and we pranced around the garden with our pride and our lust, brightly colored, while all the animals bowed to us now and gave us their wealth and their loyalty.
Before long, the sky began to weep, and the raindrops washed away the blood on our hands but not on our hearts. With the rain came the guilt of our sin, the knowledge of our transgression–the fruit of our conscience.

    For we realized then just what it was we had done. We had destroyed something beautiful, we had horrified something lovely, we had damned something blessed. The beautiful beast was now nothing more than bones which were scattered on the ground. And so we set to work in utter desperation: to try and piece the bird back together again. Yet our foolish attempt to mend that which we had broken was in vain; for we were destroyers, not creators; we were haters, not lovers; were children, not gods.
The product we created was far from the beautiful creature that once ruled the garden. This was no animal we made, it was a machine. Yes a machine: one with many whining gears and moving parts. We had destroyed beauty, and sought to recreate that which only can be created, not produced or made with human hands; it was not beauty at all.  We watched helplessly as our machine went on a rampage, cutting and burning all the trees and plants in the garden, and forcing all the animals to flee from their once-beautiful homes.

     So there we stood, my sister and I, amidst the ruin of our garden, the trees aflame, beauty destroyed, perfection mutilated: by us and our machine. We left the garden and found a cave far off where we spent the rest of our days: in darkness and not light, in horror and not beauty: in Death and not Life.

title: Something Beautiful Destroyed

question: Who are the main characters?

answer: Brother and sister (humans), the animals of the garden, and the magnificent bird

question: Why did the creatures worship and fear the bird?

answer: The bird was large and magnificent. It was also blessed and beautiful, the king of the skies.

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: In a lush garden tended by unknown caretakers.

question: What time period does the story take place?

answer: When the world was young and innocent of Death (the beginning of time, perhaps).

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: When the world was young and innocent of Death, there was a lush garden where a brother and sister lived together with all the plants and animals. One day, a magnificent beast of a bird - the king of the skies - gracefully lands in front of the siblings, and they become jealous when all the birds and animals start to fear and worship it. Their hatred and jealousy towards the bird lead the siblings to feed it a poisoned apple, killing it. The brother cuts the bird's head off while his sister plucks out the colorful feathers and they parade around the garden. Now, all the animals fear and worship them, but the sky begins to weep and they realize what they have done. The siblings try to fix things by creating their own bird, a machine, but it goes on a rampage, killing animals and burning the garden. The siblings retreat to a cave and spend the rest of their days in darkness and Death.


text:
THE JACKSON 5 FINAL TOUR was the sixth tour by The Jackson 5 and their last tour as The Jackson 5. They played a series of concerts in Manila, Philippines in February 1976.

Overview

The Jackson 5 embarked on their final tour in Manila in February 1976, less than a month since Jermaine left. The Jackson 5 and their father, Joseph Jackson visited the Filipino show, Student Canteen.

Set list

Folk Arts Theater (February 13, 1976 – February 15, 1976)

1.  “You Were Made (Especially For Me)”
2.  “It's Too Late To Change The Time”
3.  “Never Can Say Goodbye”
4.  “Papa Was A Rollin' Stone”
5.  “I Am Love”
6.  “Randy presents the band”
7.  “Rockin' Robin”
8.  “The Life of the Party/Forever Came Today”
9.  "Medley: I Want You Back/ABC/The Love You Save
10. “I'll Be There”
11. “Tito's Guitar Solo”
12. “Happy”
13. “Music & Me”
14. “One Day in Your Life”
15. “Dancing Machine”
16. “Body Language (Do The Love Dance)”

Araneta Coliseum (February 17, 1976 – February 19, 1976)

1.  “You Were Made (Especially For Me)”
2.  “Hum Along and Dance”
3.  “Never Can Say Goodbye”
4.  “Just a Little Bit of You”
5.  “Papa Was A Rollin' Stone”
6.  “Breezy”
7.  “Randy presents the band”
8.  “Rockin' Robin”
9.  “A Life of the Party”
10. “Forever Came Today”
11. “Medley: I Want You Back/ABC/The Love You Save”
12. “I'll Be There”
13. “Tito's Guitar Solo”
14. “What You Don't Know”
15. “Goin' Back To Indiana”
16. “Sugar Daddy”
17. “Dancing Machine”
18. “Body Language (Do The Love Dance)”

Tour dates

  Date                City          Country                  Venue
  ------------------- ------------- ------------------------ -------------------
  ASIA
  February 13, 1976   Manila        Philippines              Folk Arts Theater
  February 14, 1976
  February 15, 1976
  February 17, 1976   Quezon City   Smart Araneta Coliseum
  February 18, 1976
  February 19, 1976

Personnel

-   Michael Jackson: vocalist
-   Marlon Jackson: vocalist
-   Jackie Jackson: vocalist
-   Tito Jackson: guitarist, vocalist
-   Randy Jackson: percussionist, vocalist
-   Mike McKinney: bassist
-   James Macfield: keyboardist
-   Bud Rizzo: additional guitarist
-   Johnny Jackson: drummer

Category:The Jacksons concert tours Category:1976 concert tours Category:1976 in the Philippines

title: The Jackson 5 Final Tour

question: What is the name of The Jackson 5's final tour?

answer: The Jackson 5 Final Tour.

question: Where was the tour held?

answer: The Philippines.

question: Which venues were played?

answer: Folk Arts Theater, Smart Araneta Coliseum.

question: Name 4 songs from the Folk Arts Theater set list.

answer: Never Can Say Goodbye, I Am Love, Rockin' Robin, Happy.

question: Name 3 songs from the Smart Araneta Coliseum set list that were not on the Folk Arts Theater set list.

answer: Hum Along and Dance, Just a Little Bit of You, Breezy.

question: List the members of the band who were not named Jackson.

answer: Mike McKinney, James Macfield, Bud Rizzo.

question: What year did the tour take place?

answer: 1976

question: How long did the tour last?

answer: 6 days.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Jackson 5 Final Tour (1976) was the final tour performed by the musical group The Jackson 5. It was held in the Philippines, at the Folk Arts Theater in Manila and the Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City.


text:
KAO SU-PO (; born 31 October 1968) is a Taiwanese politician, professor, and public servant. He was a member of the Legislative Yuan from 2005 to 2008, and led the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission between 2008 and 2011. He contested the Tainan mayorality in 2018, losing the office to Huang Wei-cher.

Personal life

Kao Su-po (also known as Gao Sipo or Apo) was born in the Zhongxi District of Tainan City on October 31, 1968, and Jiali is his ancestral home.[1] Kao is married to Chou Yun-tsai, Deputy Director and R&D Advisor in Chief at the 21st Century Foundation, and they have one son. Kao's inspiration for becoming a lawyer is his father, Kao Yu-jen, who owned a law firm in his hometown, was the former Taiwan Provincial Assembly speaker and Tainan County commissioner from 1973–1976.[2] It was through his father's work and commitment to the people of Tainan as an elected representative for the county that Kao found his love for law and public service. As Kao states: “The legal profession can be a business, a resource, and a social shaper the crosses national borders”.[3]

Academic career

Kao obtained his LL.B in 1990 at the National Taiwan University Law school, and later received his J.D in law in 1998 from George Washington University in the United States.[4] During his studies at George Washington, Kao interned at Capitol Hill where he witnessed the collaborative nature of U.S. democracy, specifically how lawmakers, diplomats, entrepreneurs, think tank scholars, and politicians all worked together to “influence the future of the world”.[5] Returning to Tainan after his studies, he strove to improve its political system. After obtaining his degree, he became an associate professor and the director in the Law Departments at Central Police University and Shih Hsin University respectively.[6]

Political career

Kao contested the 2004 legislative elections as a People First Party candidate.[7] He took office in February 2005 and joined the Kuomintang one year later.[8] He was named minister without portfolio and head of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission in May 2008.[9][10] He resigned from both posts in January 2011.[11][12]

Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission

In February 2010, Kao said that the MTAC was making a policy change from increasing Taiwan's relations with Mongolia and Central Tibetan Administration to promote cross-strait relations.[13] Additionally, he saw a possible merger of MTAC into the Mainland Affairs Council as a way to help MTAC “find a proper place when dealing with Mongolian and Tibetan affairs.”[14]

2018 Tainan mayoral elections

Kao ran and won against Huang Hsiu-shuang, former president of the National University of Tainan during the KMT primary elections in May 2018.[15] As the KMT mayoral candidate for Tainan, Kao's campaign addressed three main policy areas: 1) reversing and reimbursing Tainan residents for the increase in housing taxes; 2) making health insurance free for the elderly ages 65 and above and improving public daycare centers; and 3) preserving Tainan's heritage by preventing the demolition of old buildings for the railway expansion.[16] Additionally, Kao sought to revive and expand industries in Tainan, such as reopening China's contract with milk fish farmers in Syuejia District of Tainan and giving local factories access to global markets.

Taking TVBS News on a tour of his childhood home on August 21, 2018, Kao explained the importance of family and maintaining the history of the ancient city. When asked by anchor Amber Chien if he agreed with critiques that KMT was outdated and full of old representatives, Kao explained that although there needs to be more youth involvement in the party, the party should not give up the integrity of KMT history and heritage because there is value in it.

The Democratic Progressive Party has been the ruling party for Tainan for over 25 years,[17] garnering a lot of attention for the contending KMT campaign in the municipality. In the Taipei Times, Kao states: “The people of Tainan have grown so accustomed to a DPP mayor that they cannot even imagine what the city could become under a leader from a different party”.[18] Therefore, Kao hopes to not only usurp DPP's quarter of a century rule over Tainan, but also provide much needed change to its struggling economy.[19] The DPP candidate for the mayoral election is Huang Wei-cher, a lawmaker who beat five other contenders during DPP's primaries in March 2018.[20]

  2018 Kuomintang Tainan City mayoral primary results
  ----------------------------------------------------- ------- ----------------------
  Candidates
  KAO SU-PO
  Huang Hsiu-shuang

  2018 Tainan City mayoral results[21]
  -------------------------------------- ------------------ ------- --------- ------------ ----
  No.
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  TOTAL VOTERS
  VALID VOTES
  INVALID VOTES
  VOTER TURNOUT

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

title: Kao Su-po

question: What district was Kao Su-po born in?

answer: Kao Su-Po was born in the Zhongxi District of Tainan City.

question: Where did Kao Su-po receive his J.D. in law?

answer: Kao received his J.D. at George Washington University in the United States.

question: Who did Kao Su-po defeat in the 2018 Tainan mayoral elections?

answer: Kao defeated Huang Hsiu-shuang.

question: What did Kao's mayoral campaign address in terms of policy?

answer: His campaign addressed 3 things: 1) reversing and reimbursing Tainan residents for the increase in housing taxes; 2) making health insurance free for the elderly ages 65 and above and improving public daycare centers; and 3) preserving Tainan's heritage by preventing the demolition of old buildings for the railway expansion.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article gives a detailed description of the career of Kao Su-po, a Taiwanese politician, who won the 2018 Tainan mayoral election.


text:
I struck her to onto velvet carpet of our living room with a small handgun clenched tightly in my hand, my index finger over the trigger, teeth grinding and sweat whitening y face in the incandescent glow of a tall lamp that sat silently, only lighting up the velvet walls decorated with faces of happier times within plastic walls.
 When she fell she shattered a small flower pot, the soil and flower strewn beside her, brown and white spill that what would be considered as decor.

*"Don't! Why are you doing this- It wasn't my intent!"* she wailed on the floor with a hand raised to the muzzle as if it would stop a bullet.

**Do it! She hates you, she wants you dead like the others; the men before her meant nothing, and neither do you!** A burly voiced cried in my head, a voice that was not of my own logic. It speaks to me in evil tongues and for a while I listened. I listened very well.

**Kill her, you have all the bullets in the world, KILL HER**

I was going to do it.

**KILL HER! NOW**

indefinitely.

**KILL, FIRE THE BULLETS; NOW!**

I fried one shot. It screamed through the home before silence came down upon the household. With the one shot, someone had died, and only one person would leave when the police and paramedics showed up later that evening.

In the house would lay one body. But with two souls.

I killed it. I promised myself I would kill it, and by God i knew I would do it. My wife thought I had gone insane, and told the police i felt guilty so i shot myself. No. I had the moment to end its life while it thought it controlled me. No, I'm the master. And now it is dead, silenced by me; silenced me.

Perhaps it thinks that it won the war, now that both of us are silenced forever.
But no. That will never be true.

I love you Elise, thought it took me away. But always remember a time when it was me and you; just Me and Her.

*Return to your hell devil, for the power of God has given me life again.*

title: Me and Her [A Short-Short. A Climax and and End]

question: Why does the narrator want to kill the lady?

answer: The story suggests that the narrator had gone insane and thought that something was controlling him which, made him kill people.

question: Who is the lady?

answer: The lady is the narrator's wife.

question: Whose voice tells the man to kill the lady?

answer: It was the narrator's own voice telling him to kill her just like he killed the people before her.

question: Does he kill her?

answer: No, the narrator shoots himself.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Elise, his wife, falls on the floor with a gun to her head. Begging her husband to not shoot her. The narrator has a raging voice in his head instructing him to pull the trigger.

In one shot, he pulls the trigger, killing himself. The insane voice that once took him away from his beloved wife was now dead along with him.


text:
Selling, exchanging, or using cryptocurrency triggers capital gains and losses for traders.

[]

The IRS treats cryptocurrencies as intangible property, not a security or a commodity.

The realization method applies to short-term vs. long-term capital gains and losses. If you invested in cryptocurrencies and sold, exchanged, or spent some during the year, you have to report a capital gain or loss on each transaction. Include cryptocurrency-to-currency sales, crypto-to-alt-crypto trades, and purchases of goods or services using crypto.

U.S. cryptocurrency exchanges issue a Form 1099-K to accounts with transactions over a certain threshold. The problem for the IRS is that many cryptocurrency transactions on exchanges around the world are not evident for tax reporting. Cryptocurrency investors should download all crypto transactions into a crypto accounting program that is IRS-compliant.

Wash sales do not apply to intangible property. Use the first-in-first-out (FIFO) accounting method. Intangible property should use the specific identification method, but that requires broker confirmation of each trade, which is not possible.

TCJA restricted Section 1031 like-kind exchanges to real property, starting in 2018. That rules out using like-kind exchange on crypto-to-crypto trades (i.e., Bitcoin for Ethereum). It’s questionable whether crypto traders could have used Section 1031 before 2018 to defer capital gains taxes.

The IRS recently mailed tax “education” notices to thousands of crypto traders and released a new set of FAQs about hard forks, airdrops, and other open questions.

The IRS asks a new question about cryptocurrencies on top of the 2019 Schedule 1 supporting Form 1040: “At any time during 2019, did you receive, sell, send, exchange, or otherwise acquire any financial interest in any virtual currency?” Yes or No.

question: Approximately when was the article written?

answer: Sometime after 2019

question: What is the main subject of the article?

answer: The tax rules that govern cryptocurrencies

question: Who is the article directed towards?

answer: Cryptocurrency investors

question: How does the IRS treat cryptocurrency?

answer: As intangible property

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article summarizes the steps that cryptocurrency investors should take to comply with the U.S. tax code.


text:
The PRINCE REGENT RIVER is a river in the Kimberley of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise in the Caroline Range near Mount Agnes then flow in a north westerly direction. The river enters and flows through the Prince Regent National Park and past King Cascade and finally discharging into Saint George Basin and Hanover Bay to the Indian Ocean.

The river runs a uniquely straight course following a fault line for the majority of its length.[1]

The river has six tributaries including; Quail Creek, Youwanjela Creek, Womarama Creek and Pitta Creek.

The river was named in 1820 by the first European to find the river, Philip Parker King and the crew of the _Mermaid_. The river is named after the Hanoverian prince, King George IV, who was shortly to succeed his father to the throne.

The first European to settle in the area was Joseph Bradshaw who established Marigui homestead along the river with his cousin Aeneas Gunn in 1890. In 1891 he discovered the Bradshaw rock paintings on his land. The pastoral venture was unsuccessful but Gunn later documented his memoirs of the time in the book _Pioneering in Northern Australia_.

The River was visited in 1901 by the surveyor Frederick Brockman while on expedition in the area.[2]

The traditional owners of the area are the Worora peoples.[3]

Eighteen freshwater fish species are known to inhabit the waters of the Prince Regent River.

Crocodile attacks

-   On March 29, 1987, an American 24-year-old model named Ginger Meadows was killed by a crocodile while standing under the waterfall of the near Broome.
-   In 2015, a woman was attacked by a crocodile.

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Prince Regent River

question: Where is the Prince Regent River located?

answer: It is located in the Kimberly of Western Australia.

question: How many tributaries does the river have and what are they called?

answer: The Prince Regent River has six tributaries and they are called: Quail Creek, Youwanjela Creek, Womarama Creek, and Pitta Creek.

question: Who was the river named after?

answer: The river was named after Philip Parker King and the crew of the Mermaid, when they landed in the area in 1820.

question: What is a danger that is posed at the river?

answer: The river is known to have crocodile attacks.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the area as well as the history of the Prince Regent River, located in Western Australia.


text:
Such an investigation at THIS point, would be like conducting an investigation into the trail of blood leading away from the hospital, instead of investigating the trail of blood leading -into- the hospital, -where one might find out first-hand from a survivor who it was -exactly- that stabbed them.

Go into the street and ask the newly homeless THEIR stories. And individually seek criminal charges -where criminal charges are due-.

In other words, start at the bottom.

Someone was coaching all these many mortgage applicants to commit fraud. These people doing the coaching -need to be brought to justice -and- jailed.

Someone was also -in essence- committing acts of insider trading, -if they were betting against the mortgage portfolios they were bundling and selling to their clients.

The information that these mortgage portfolios -were what they were-, wasn't available to anyone for the purpose of "shorting" these financial instruments of deceit.

And anyone conspiring to force-or-lobby the government to fork-over bail-out money is clearly guilty of a heinous criminal fraud.

The government doesn't simply hand-out money to failing companies.

This is clearly -not- the role of government.

An investigation at the top is premature.

Good criminal cases are built from the bottom up.

This 8-million-dollar figure is meant only to pay for a cover-up.

There are already paid-criminal-investigators on the staff of a wide variety of federal agencies, -who could round up the likely suspects.

Take the $8 million and build a new jail to house these suspects while they await their trials -so they have enough chance to provide information to prosecutors about the criminal enterprises of the higher-ups.

It's funny how rotting in a jail can loosen a man's tongue -and- also quite often it will restore a failing memory.

question: What does the writer propose?

answer: They want a criminal case to be built from the ground up regarding the mortgage securities that failed. They propose the recently homeless as a starting point to learn how they received their mortgages.

question: What does the author oppose on behalf of the government?

answer: The author doesn't want the government to bail out the failing institutions that perpetrated the mortgage crisis.

question: What crime does the author think has gone down?

answer: They think someone talked the mortgage applicants to commit fraud by taking loans that they can't pay. They also think that betting against these loans would count as insider trading since the financial decision uses privately available information.

question: Why doesn't the author want the high-level people investigated?

answer: They think it's better to start at the bottom and move on up. They aren't really opposed to investigating the top brass.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The author wants criminal investigators to start making a case about mortgage fraud, specifically how the recently homeless were informed about their loans. The author alleges that betting against these loans constitutes insider trading. The author believes that it's too early to investigate top-level executives. He wants the suspects to be rounded up while a case is made from the bottom.


text:
I was in the main hallway of our house, preparing a batch of tomato sauce.

The place was big and clean, and had huge glass windows overlooking the beach. Life had been pretty good lately. There had been a lot of changes and adaptations, but on the whole it was easier, better. No more worries of nations falling apart or people going hungry. I'd even gotten into cooking on my own terms.

But I had to get the damn sauces made right now, so the crews could distribute them to the neighborhood; a real neat labor division, for anyone in the radius who wanted fresh tomato sauce. I loved cooking, but the rigid schedules I knew I would only ever despise.

I absently maneuvered past my father in the hallway and almost dropped the big metal cylinder. A frantic thought passed through my head: *I'll have to make another because I'm going to drop this one*, and I had the strange impression that a drop-down menu with a Copy function would have been the absolute best way to remedy the situation. To my surprise I recovered with the cylinder still snugly in my hands.

When I looked up at the countertop on the side of the hall, ready to heft the batch of sauce onto its receptacle plate, I found that there was already a cylinder of sauce there.

I had only *made one*. I put the ingredients in, stirred, cooked... I racked my memory. The tall tub of sauce that was on the counter *hadn't* been made, but there it was.

I realized I had copied it. I made another drop-down in my mind, and there it was, plain as day, a Copy function. While carrying a bucket of tomato sauce, I could think something that made something impossible happen.

I hit the Copy function, and then there were two cylinders of sauce on the counter. My arms were going numb now, more from shock's adrenaline than the weight of the bucket, so I set the third next to them.

I made another drop-down in my mind. There was nothing on it now. Just blank. No Copying. The tub of sauce had to be in my hands for it to work.

A very strange feeling began to creep up on me. I felt compelled to slam the extra sauce buckets into the trash receptacle before anyone could see them and ask me to explain what I was doing, what I was doing to the matter and energy I'd created by impossibility, but I rejected it. I'd been a crazy person all my life, and now I had the chance to show my family I had every right to be crazy.

I didn't get off to a good start on that.

"*Look! Look!*" I yelled, eyes wide, backpedaling through the living room with my finger pointing at arm's length, instantly accusing the utterly inanimate buckets and their basil-flavored contents of abominable witchery.

My father gave me a stale look. It could have been facial sign language in our family for *oh no, here we go again*. He waved my son over, and they left the room through the screen doors to play on the beach. I beamed a hurt look into the backs of their heads, but I couldn't bring myself to confront them verbally. The door closed behind them, and Mom turned to face me with a suppressed scowl.

*There's still a chance to change your mind,* said some weird impression from my memories. *You can stop this. Or you can take another risk. But whatever you do,* ***move fast***.

"Be respectful around your father! He's been through so much," said Mom, as my father and my son walked out of earshot.

"Look," I said, as quietly and firmly as I could, and pointed at the counter again.

Both our pairs of eyes followed my accusing finger again, and found three buckets of sauce on the counter. I fought the urge to sprint as I went over to pick one up. With the bucket in my hands, I took a breath and summoned another menu in my mind.

It was blank.

Then it hit me; when the weird voice spoke to me, I had been so afraid, I'd done some other strange thing, and cleared the ability out of instinctual fear.

"Huh... wait. I have to make another! It saved the *procedure*," I said, and began throwing cabinets open to find an empty bucket and more ingredients.

Outside, it began raining. I thought it had been clear a moment ago, but this was a whole new climate for me. In fact, we'd moved here because my father and I had missed the rain.

*Hurry,* said the voice from my memories, fouling my happiness with the rain, giving it the flavor of rotten meat. *Unexpectedly* rotten, the worst flavor.

"Oh, Lz_erk," said my mother, "you can't keep doing this. Don't you remember what happened last time, when we found you screaming in a ball in the middle of the house?"

*Middle of the house?* My inner dialogue mocked, ever more eloquent than my stumbling speech; *You mean the pit that existed that whole afternoon. The impossible pit under the house that was gone only hours later. It was raining then too, and hard, and the water pooled around my knees and soaked my gloves and jacket while I screamed out my infantile confusion from a muddy gorge right under us. You never did come up with a plausible excuse for why you found me soaking wet when I appeared in the other hall. Never matched how I supposedly got there with the timestamps on the uses of the home's access points.*

I was banging the sauce together as quick as I could, but it had only been two seconds while I thought, and I barely had an empty pot on the counter. *You're running out of time,* "said" the impression from my memories. Panic struck me as I found the layers of meaning in the memories: the dread, the knowledge that something unusual was going to happen, was thickening around me like a vat of corn starch and water under attack by flamethrowers.

"I copied the sauce," I said. "I can do it again if I have time, I swear, but I copied it -- they appeared out of nowhere. Look at them, why would I make *three*?"

I looked outside while Mom pondered my statements, and saw that the rain was coming down *hard*. It was thick pellets, droplets like hailstones, big enough to see in their diagonal downward pounding even at this distance to the windows in the living room. I was worried for my father and my son, but it was obvious now that what I had done was making it rain. Just like last time. The world was going into debug mode.

I shouted, "do you realize what this means? *The world is a simulation!*"

"You have to stop this," said my mother. "Don't you remember what happened last time? When you were sick. We found the solution, and everything was okay again."

I stared at her in disbelief as the waves swelled outside.

title: Debug Mode [1120 words, sci-fi/horror]

question: Judging by the conversation between the narrator and his mother, is their world a simulation or is the mum right about her son's mental condition?

question: According to the passage, what kind of being is the narrator? Is he a robot or a human being?

answer:
The narrator just finished making tomato sauce. As he walks around carrying the sauce, he has a premonition he did drop the sauce tub. At the same time, he unconsciously thought about copying and pasting the sauce so he could save it from being wasted.

A few moments later the narrator saw a tub of sauce on the counter, the exact kind of sauce he is holding in his hands. He realizes he has just copy and pasted a sauce into existence. He is worried about this development and speaks with his father, who ignores him. His mum expresses her worries about his mental health.

At this point, it is clear that the narrator is a human being having some kind of computer code experience in his mind.