text:
_COMMUNITAS PERFECTA_ (“perfect community”) or _SOCIETAS PERFECTA_ (“perfect society”) is the Latin name given to one of several ecclesiological, canonical, and political theories of the Catholic Church. The doctrine teaches that the church is a self-sufficient or independent group which already has all the necessary resources and conditions to achieve its overall goal (final end) of the universal salvation of mankind. It has historically been used in order to define church–state relations and to provide a theoretical basis for the legislative powers of the church in the philosophy of canon law.

_Communitas perfecta_ in Aristotle

Its origins can be traced to the _Politics_ of Aristotle, who described the _Polis_ as a whole made of several imperfect parts, i.e. the consummation of natural communities such as the family and the village.[1] The “perfect community” was originally developed as a theory of political society. The most sovereign political organization (the Polis) can attain the end of the community as a whole (happiness) better than any of the subordinate parts of the community (family, village, etc.). Since it can attain its end (_telos_) by its own powers and the resources within itself, then it is self-sufficient. It is self-sufficiency that is the defining element of the polis.[2]

Scholastic development

The idea of “perfect community” was also present in medieval philosophy. In direct reference to Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas mentions the state (_civitas_)[3] as a perfect community (_communitas perfecta_):[4]

Aquinas never referred to the church as a perfect community in his writings.[5] If Aquinas and medieval writers had any notion of _communitas perfecta_ being applied to the church, it was not clearly expressed and was not a clear basis for the _societas perfecta_ theory used in later controversies between church and state.[6]

Magisterial adoption

During Enlightenment period, the _Societas Perfecta_ doctrine was strongly affirmed in order to better protect the church from secular encroachments. It was also mentioned in the magisterium of the Thomistic revivalist pontiffs such as Pius IX. And especially Leo XIII, in his encyclical _Immortale Dei,_ explains this teaching in relation to the church:

The two perfect societies correspond to two forces, the church and state:

Developments in the post-conciliar period

Until the Second Vatican Council, the doctrine of the two perfect societies of Leo XIII was held to be official in theological studies. During the council itself, as well as in the new _1983 Code of Canon Law_ itself, the doctrine was no longer explicitly mentioned and the Aristotelian “Perfect Community” was all but replaced by the biblical “People of God”. In the modern Catholic post-conciliar theology, its discussion is limited to theologians and academics. Its near-abandonment in discourse has proven controversial.

In any event, Pope Paul VI mentioned it and summarized it in the 1969 _motu proprio_ _Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum_ on the tasks of the papal legate:

This theology was largely overshadowed by the biblical theology of the church as the _mystici corporis Christi_ (mystical body of Christ), which began to be more fully developed in the early 20th century and was affirmed by Pope Pius XII in 1943.[7]

[1] Aristotle, _Politics_ book I chapter 1

[2] Aristotle, Politics book I chapter 1

[3] The translation of “civitas” with “state” at this point, see Aroney, Nicholas, "Subsidiarity, Federalism and the Best Constitution : Thomas Aquinas on City, Province and Empire. "Law and Philosophy, Vol 26, pp. 161–228, 2007

[4] Summa I-II q 90 a 3 (English: NewAdvent.org)

[5] Robert A. Graham, S.J., _Vatican Diplomacy: A Study of Church and State on the International Plane_ (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1959) pg. 230.

[6] Robert A. Graham, S.J., _Vatican Diplomacy: A Study of Church and State on the International Plane_ (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1959) pg. 231.

[7] Pius XII, 1943 encyclical _Mystici Corporis Christi_

title: Communitas perfecta

question: What language is "communitas perfecta"?

answer: Latin.

question: In which church is it a political theory?

answer: The Catholic Church.

question: To which ancient philosopher can this theory be traced?

answer: Aristotle.

question: What does this philosophy teach?

answer: The doctrine teaches that the church is a self-sufficient or independent group which already has all the necessary resources and conditions to achieve its overall goal of the universal salvation of mankind.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Communitas perfecta refers to the doctrine teaches that the church is a self-sufficient or independent group which already has all the necessary resources and conditions to achieve its overall goal of the universal salvation of mankind. It can be traced to the philosophy of Aristotle, who described the Polis--the city-state--as a whole made of several imperfect parts, i.e. the consummation of natural communities such as the family and the village. The community can attain a perfect happiness together better than any more singular parts.


split: train

text:
Azaleas
I was out in the garden, tending to my Azaleas. The same thing I did every single day, of every single week, of every single month. Monotony is a man’s best friend, I’ve heard it said. I walked out and looked at my prized flowers. I made my way towards the plastic watering pail and picked it up. I filled up my watering pail and trotted on over to the flower bed. The water fell from my hands, and for a moment I was a god. A rain god. But only for a moment. The water hit the eager dirt and soaked in, and those thirsty flowers began to soak up the drink that I had provided for them. I stepped back, and watched my flowers. I stepped back, and watched my children.

Those flowers were my life. Those fragile things were everything to me. When I was away from them I was a mortal man, doomed to die a mortal’s death. When I was with them I was king of the gods – my will gave them life, and, if I chose it, death. They needed me. Someone needed me. Something needed me. At least, for now anyways.

I walked back to the spot where I had picked up the watering pail and put it down. I started to walk towards my house, but stopped before I reached the door. I turned, and looked back at my flowers. I smiled. I stood there and smiled at my babies.

I walked towards the house, and opened the door. I entered, closed the door, and took off the shoes that I was wearing. I placed them on a carpet near the door. I walked up the few steps on the half landing near the door, and turned into the kitchen. I turned on the tap and let it run for a few minutes, staring at the water cascading down. What I had done for my flowers, the tap did for me. It quenched my thirst. I reached into my cupboard and grabbed the first cup I saw. I filled it with water, and watched the cup overflow, the excess water pouring down the sides of the cup into the sink. I dumped the cup out, and refilled it. This time, I filled it only half way.

I placed the cup on the counter and turned off the tap. I raised the cup to my lips, and drank. The water soothed my parched throat. I put the cup back in the cupboard, and shut the cupboard door. I checked my watch – it was five. I walked into my bedroom, and paused for a moment. What had I come in here for? I couldn’t remember. I sat down on my bed for a moment. It was silent. The silence had always unnerved me. Outside, with my Azaleas, there was noise. The wind blew, birds chirped, and crickets chirped. In this house, though, there was nothing. Nothing but silence – stark  white silence.

For the life of me, I couldn’t remember what I went in there for. In the corner, a spool of rope that I bought on a whim lay there, collecting dust.  It had lain there for almost two years. In the other corner there was a wicker chair, which my mother left me in her will the previous year.

I walked out of my bedroom and walked listlessly around the house for a while. I checked my watch again – five ten. Almost no time had passed. This was part of the monotony – the in between times.  Those grey moments when nothing happened in particular. They were the best parts of the monotony.

I walked out of the front door and sat down on the porch. I looked down at my wrist – five twenty. Right on schedule. I sat there for a while and watched as a few people passed. Children and their parents on their way to the local park, lovers taking a summer evening stroll, bikers riding around – they were all part of my routine. I would watch, and they would let me.

I sat outside until it got dark. I got up off the porch, and walked back inside.  I turned the porch light on. I walked back to the bedroom and took of my shirt and my pants, and placed them in the hamper.
I walked into the bathroom and turned on the tap. I let it run for a few moments until it was warm. I took a toothbrush from the holder and ran it under the water. I grabbed the toothpaste a applied some of it to the toothbrush. I turned off the tap, and brushed my teeth. I finished brushing my teeth and turned the tap back on to wash off the toothbrush. I placed the tooth brush back where it belonged.
I turned off the tap again and walked out of the bathroom. I entered my room and went to bed. I slept.

I woke up abruptly. Something was wrong. This was not part of my schedule.  I looked around. I was standing in the middle of the street. I turned in a circle. Where am I? “Help!” , I yell. Then, I see it. The house is right there. I had walked outside in my sleep.
 I walked back towards the house and opened the door. I went to my bedroom and sat on my bed. I wasn’t sure what had just happened. The monotony had broken.

I was petrified. Monotony was my life. Day in, day out – the days all blended into each other. The life I lived was a large roll of cloth, with no seams or tears. Until then, that is.

I sat on my bed for an hour, confused. I didn’t know what was happening. I was alone. I fell back asleep, only to be woken up by my alarm clock. Monotony had returned. I walked into my bathroom and undressed. I turned on the shower and waited until it was the proper heat. I stepped in, shampooed my hair, washed my body, and stepped out.

I wrapped a towel around myself and left the bathroom. I entered the bedroom and dressed for work. Slacks, Oxford, tie – all there. I put my socks on and went to the kitchen. I opened the fridge and took out some milk. I went to the cupboard and took out the same cup I had used for water the previous day. I poured myself a glass of milk. I put the glass to my lips and drank. I was not parched this morning, but I drank with the same speed as if I was. Monotony is anything if it is efficient.

I washed the glass, and put it away. I slipped on shoes and walked outside.  I went into the back yard, and picked up the green, plastic watering pail. I filled it with liquid, and walked to my flowers. I fed my young. They gobbled up what I had to give them. They were so grateful. Not a single molecule of what I so graciously gave them was wasted.  They wished to appease their god by showing thanks.
I put the watering pail away and walked to the front yard. I stood there for a moment and wondered what had happened the night before. I checked my watch – seven fifteen.

I walked to the bus stop. People passed me, left and right. They ran, they walked, they biked.

In a sea of people I was alone.

I arrived at the bus stop. I checked my watch – seven thirty. When the bus arrived I got on and sat down. I stayed there until I arrived at my stop. I got up and walked off of the bus.
I checked my watch – seven fifty.

I walked to work. I arrived and checked in. I went to my desk and sat down. Paperwork in, paperwork out.  I worked all through the day. I checked my watch – five thirty. It was time to leave. I got up and checked out. I walked back to the bus stop. The bus arrived and I got on. I sat down.

I walked from the bus station back to the house. I walked into the backyard. I picked up the watering pail and fed my children. They seemed to weep at the sight of me. I gave them food, but I felt like no god this time.  I felt nothing. My flowers ate what I had given them.

I placed the watering pail back in its place. I walked to the door and opened it. I entered the house and walked to the bedroom. I grabbed the spool of rope. I tied it into a knot. I stood upon my mother’s wicker chair and placed the rope around my neck.  I kicked the chair from beneath me.

I hung until I was dead.

Swinging back and forth, I found my eternal, blissful, monotony.

title: Azaleas (constructive criticism please)

question: How could you describe the narrator's relationship with monotony?

answer: The narrator has a love hate relationship with monotony. It has become an all consuming part of the narrator's life, with little to no reprieve from it.

question: How does the mood of the narrator change as the text progresses?

answer: The narrator goes from enjoying their monotonous life and tending to their flowers to hating their life and eventually taking it.

question: How would you describe the narrator's state of mind?

answer: I would describe the narrator's state of mind as fragile and depressed.

question: What do the Azaleas represent in the text?

answer: a piece of happiness and comfort for the narrator

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator describes their monotonous life and daily routine, including tending to their flowers, the Azaleas. The narrator describes their relationship with monotony, how it can be a love-hate relationship, until one day it gets too much and the narrator takes their own life.


text:
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON BENYAURD (May 17, 1841 – February 7, 1900) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who earned the Medal of Honor for his actions at Five Forks, Virginia on April 1, 1865.[1]

Military career

Benyaurd graduated sixth in his class at West Point in 1863. Upon graduation he was immediately promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers.

In August 1864 he was breveted to the rank of captain for “gallantry and meritorious service” in the campaign before Richmond, Virginia. In April 1865, he received a brevet to major for heroism in the Battle of Five Forks. He was awarded the Medal of Honor on September 7, 1897 for the same action.[2]

He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1889. During the Spanish–American War he was in charge of submarine defenses (i.e., mines) at Jacksonville and Tampa Bay, Florida. He was also in command of defensive fortification on the St. John River in Florida.[3]

He died on active duty in 1900 and is buried at the West Point Cemetery.[4]

He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the Military Order of Foreign Wars.

Legacy

The United States Army Corps Of Engineers operates a large towboat named in his honor. The Motor Vessel (M/V) Benyaurd[5][6][7] works out of the Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Valley Division in Vicksburg, Mississippi, as is assigned to the Corps' Vicksburg District.

Promotions

-   1st Lieutenant – June 11, 1863
-   Brevet Captain – August 1, 1864
-   Brevet Major – April 1, 1865
-   Captain – May 1, 1866
-   Major – March 4, 1879
-   Lieutenant Colonel – July 2, 1889

Medal of Honor citation

“With one companion, voluntarily advanced in a reconnaissance beyond the skirmishers, where he was exposed to imminent peril; also, in the same battle, rode to the front with the commanding general to encourage wavering troops to resume the advance, which they did successfully.”[8]

[1]

[2]

[3] _Register of the Military Order of Foreign Wars_. 1900. pg. 114.

[4]

[5] https://www.flickr.com/photos/vicksburgdistrict/5751895921/in/set-72157625683481765 | Motor Vessel Benyaurd

[6] http://155.76.244.230/offices/od/odr/revetment/photos/benyrd1.jpg Motor Vessel Benyaurd

[7] http://155.76.244.230/offices/od/odr/revetment/photos/benyrd2.jpg M/V Benyaurd towing barges on the Mississippi River

[8]

title: William Henry Harrison Benyaurd

question: Who is William Henry Harrison Benyaurd?

answer: He was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.

question: What was Benyaurd awarded with?

answer: He earned the Medal of Honor for his actions at Five Forks, Virginia on April 1, 1865.

question: Summarize Benyaurd's actions at the battle of Five Forks.

answer: Exposed to danger, Benyaurd rode to the front of the battle with the commanding general to encourage wavering troops to resume the advance, which they did successfully.

question: Explain how Benyaurd died.

answer: He died on active duty in 1900.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: William Henry Harrison Benyaurd was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War and received the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the Battle of Five Forks.


text:
I wrote this in high school, was thinking about trying to get it published, any thoughts or critiques would be great

Once there was a pickle named Girth. Girth was a very happy pickle, a little green for his age, but he got along well with all the other pickles in his town. When his parents told him his family had to move to a new town, Girth was very upset. This meant he would have to leave his family and friends, including the town he grew up in. No more strolls down Strubb Meadows, Girth thought, or family dinners at the People Barrel. Although Girth was devastated about having to leave his beloved town, he was also excited about the idea of moving somewhere new.
	When all of his possessions were packed up, and the car ready to go, Girth and his family set off for their new town. When they arrived, Girth noticed that this new town was very similar to his old town, with one major difference. Instead of everyone being dark green and bumpy, like they were in his old town, everyone here was smooth, and a lighter shade of green. “How very odd” Girth thought to himself. When he asked his parents about it, they told him that everyone in this town was a ‘cu-cumber’. “What’s a cu-cum-ber?” Girth asked, curious to know about them. “Well” replied his mother, “They’re just like Pickles, just a little smoother”. “Oh boy!” Girth responded gleefully “Cucumbers! I can’t wait to meet one!” When Girth got home, he eagerly packed his school bag, excited for his first day at school.

	The night flew by and the next thing Girth knew, it was time for school.  When his Mom dropped him off, she gave him a big kiss, and drove away.  Girth walked in to his new school, excited for his first day at Cucumber Collegiate.  As he walked to his first class, Girth noticed that many of the other kids were staring at him, whispering things to each other and laughing.  Girth assumed they did this to all new students, and continued walking to his class. The day went on and it seemed that everywhere he went, people were staring and whispering. Girth was beginning to feel very uncomfortable, and started wishing that he had never moved to this strange new town.
	 Every time he tried to talk to some of the other children, they would call him a word he didn’t understand, and run away. At the end of the day, Girth was closing his locker and getting ready to walk home when a big scary looking Cucumber approached him and knocked the books out of his hands. “Ouch!” cried Girth. “What was that for?” wondering if the Cucumber had knocked him by accident. “Look Bump face” said the cucumber in a booming voice “You don’t belong here, so I suggest you leave”.  “And take your bumpy face with you!” yelled someone from the group that had begun to form around Girth.  Girth’s cheeks turned a bright green, boiling hot from embarrassment. He grabbed his books off the ground and ran home as fast as (his legs would take him) he could, hearing someone call out “Relish Breath!” as he ran away.

	When Girth got home, he ran straight for his room and started to cry in his pillow. Days passed and every day seemed to get worse for Girth as he was teased and bullied by all the Cucumbers at school. Girth couldn’t understand why he was being teased until one fateful morning his father finally explained it to him.  He told Girth about the feud between Pickles and Cucumbers, and how Cucumbers had enslaved Pickles until not so long ago. Girth couldn’t understand why all the Cucumbers teased him because he was a pickle, but continued going through school miserably. One day, on a particularly miserable afternoon, Girth ran into a mysterious old cucumber on his way home from school. “What’s wrong child?” the old Cucumber asked. “Nothing you could possibly understand” Girth replied and continued walking. “Nothing indeed...” the old cucumber muttered to himself, sneering as he disappeared into the shadows.

	The next day, Girth was walking home from school again when the mysterious old cucumber approached him again, this time carrying something under his robe. “Here child, drink this potion and you will find the happiness you seek.” Girth was very scared to drink the bubbling potion, but figured that desperate times called for desperate measures. Girth stared at the potion, watching it froth and bubble in his hand. “But what will the…” Girth turned around and realized he was talking to nobody, as the old cucumber was gone. While he remembered his parents saying something about taking candy from strangers, Girth didn’t particularly remember them saying anything about potions. At that, Girth shrugged, and drank the potion. Like magic, his body began to transform, his skin stretching out and his colour changing to that of a Cucumber. When Girth ran home to show his family this amazing change, they did not recognize him. “But Mom! Dad! It’s me!” he cried. “Get off our property you crazy cucumber! Haven’t you people tormented us enough!” they yelled as they slammed the door in Girth’s face.

	Although Girth was terribly sad about his family kicking him out, he was now fitting in very well at school, as everyone was being very nice to him. When he passed pickles in the hall, he would sneer at them and call them names as the cucumbers had called him when he was a pickle. After school Girth would go hang out with his new friends, causing mischief by teasing pickles, or vandalizing their houses. One day, when Girth and his cucumber friends were out causing mischief, he realized that the house they were about to vandalize was the house he had used to live in. A cucumber beside him threw a rock through the front window of the house, causing Girth’s parents to run outside. “Go back to where you came from you pickle scum!” one of Girth’s friends yelled out. Girth saw his mother run back inside crying, his dad slammed the door and ran back inside to comfort her.

	Girth continued life like this, going through school, causing mischief with his friends, and everything he had dreamt of before the transformation. Although Girth was doing all the things he thought would make him happy, he realized that he was in fact, not very happy, and hadn’t been happy in weeks. Girth decided to look for the old cucumber that gave him the potion so he could turn himself back into a pickle and be with his family. When he found him, he asked him to transform him back. “Looks like you got yourself in a dilly of a pickle.” The old cucumber chuckled to himself. “Sadly, I cannot transform you back, only you can”.
“You worthless old cucumber!” Girth cried. “Look what you’ve done to me!” As he ran away, he started to cry and his tears burned hot against his skin. As his salty tears fell, his skin began to darken, and bumps began to form. When Girth looked at himself, he realized he had transformed back into a pickle.

	Now looking like himself, Girth went back to his family, his parents delighted to see him again. Although he was still teased by the cucumbers, he just smiled it off and continued doing whatever he was doing. For the first time in a long time, Girth was finally happy, and continued being happy until the end of his days.

title: Children's Book I Wrote - Girth The Pickle

question: What social constructs is the piece critiquing?

answer: Racism


text:
Mark Hand married Mary Marks, beget Job Hand, and was haunted by the financial meekness of his youth. Mark's father, Les Hand, possessed less fiscal solvency than a pack of deer, the herd having at least one buck. Young Mark swore he would not always live so meagerly and that when he grew up he would be an adept business man. In fact, one could argue that only once did he ever fail at a business endeavor.

A newly unteened and wed Mark bought at a great discount a large section of land in southeastern Pennsylvania from his dad's brother which had been his uncle's legume farm. So that is to say Mark bought his relative's peanuts for relative peanuts. Shortly after this acquisition the Pennsylvania state government came around wishing to buy the land with a more than generous offer. Mark devised a clever strategy where in he would sell them the land save one acre, the land his house was on. He drew up the legal document and the government unwittingly signed it. When state officials realized what had happened he offered to sell them both plots, the acre of land and the now trademarked scheme they had fallen for, at a laughably unreasonable sum. They declined opting to teach Mark a lesson instead. The government proceeded with their plans and built their facility that would encapsulate the Hand homestead. And this is how it came to pass that Job Hand was born inside a high-security prison.

Job was born at this house on a Monday. He should have been born on a Sunday, but his mother, a very religious woman, refused to labor on the Sabbath. Job would spend the first 18 years of his life on that one acre of land comparable to a manslaughter rap without release for good behavior. Job though was a very well-behaved kid. This was owing to the caring, teaching, and ministering from his Bible thumping mother. Mary Hand instilled in her son the belief in a vengeful God. She told and retold the stories of God's wrath. The fear of God would be strong in Job.

Often Job would find himself staring past the beautiful white picket fence as well as the electrified chain-linked fence into the yard of the prison. The things he saw would make him grow to fear equally the punishments of man as well as the wrath of God.

Three days after his 18th birthday he left the walls of the prison for the first time. He was leaving for college. He left the state pen for Penn State, heading up state from "up state". The new environment would cause Job much anxiety. He worried constantly of the morality and legality of his every action. He would spend an entire night hoping that he had exited the crosswalk completely before the red "stop" hand had appeared. He only ventured from his dormitory for class and for books from the library. His roommate tried to loosen up the intense Job, but to little if not no avail. He would comment to his friends that Job had a virtually inaudible chortle almost as if he was afraid that God would hear him laughing.

Job studied theology as his mother wished. She hoped her son would become a fire and brimstone preacher. He also studied business as his father sternly advised. His father wanting his son's bank account not to be like a male kangaroo's toilet that is to say containing jack shit. Oh, how the Hand family loved their animal analogies.

Despite Job's anxiety, his studies moved along quite swimmingly and was well on his way to fulfilling his parents' wishes for him. That is until his last semester before graduation. A professor would open his eyes to a new idea: forgiveness.

It was Father John who entreated his students to remember that not one of us is perfect and the corollary that we would all make mistakes. He taught that God allowed into his fold those who had sinned yet asked for forgiveness. This wasn't a radically new idea to Job he had read it in the Bible, but he had never heard it preached by an authority figure who possessed a scientifically provable corporeal body. Job would become quite smitten with this new God that did more than just smiting. Job became more relaxed. The intensity of his fears diminished. He felt free. He began to take this new found freedom out onto the campus. He began convorting with his fellow matriculaters. Drinking and sex would enter his life. For this is how freedom manifests itself on college campuses. Eventually, Job would become free of all fear. Where freedom once caused Job so much anxiety it was now an addicting adrenaline rush. Drinking and drugs enhanced that feeling. It was under these stimulants that Job would hurt one of his fellow students. Not mortally, but severe enough for Job's freedom to be taken away from him.
He was sentenced to 18 months and would be sent back to his old state pen. Not all the way back within the walls of his childhood home, but confined nevertheless by the concrete walls of the prison.

At first Job thought he was being punished by a vengeful God, enraged that Job had lost the true way that he walked during his youth. He would come to fear God again. He got down on his knees and was ready to renew his fearful life when a thought came to him. Would it matter if I did this if God was just a vengeful God? If He was only this would not His back always be turned to me? For I did forsake Him. Even though I have sinned and done evil the fact that I am still here is proof that God still wants me to do good. This means that God must be a loving and forgiving God. Maybe, it is not that I should fear Him and fear making mistakes. Fear even the freedom I have to do so. Maybe, it is that I am to be responsible and accountable for my actions. That is what I was sent here to learn. Something so very simple yet hard. For Job, fear and self pity were so much easier than freedom and responsibility.

Job was released and walked for the second time out the gates of prison. His incarceration over, but his conviction just beginning. He had learned in 18 months what he hadn't in 18 years. He took with him his remodeled desire to do good and his new found responsibility, and lived a very good life indeed.

title: State Pen

question: How did Job's perception of God change through the story?

answer: Job Hand's very religious mother taught him about a vengeful God, and such beliefs altered his way of life. Leaving the four walls of the prison he grew up in at the age of 18, he got into college and continued to live a timid lifestyle under the fear of the wrath of the vengeful God. However, in his final year in college, he learned about the forgiveness of God from Father John, his theology professor. Because an authority figure taught this concept, he became more relaxed about God and lived more carefree. This lifestyle continued until he committed harm against his fellow person and was put away in prison, which brought back his earlier fear of the wrath of God. He eventually realised that if God were vengeful, he wouldn't care for him. Instead, he believed that God was loving and compassionate and expected him to live a life of accountability and responsibility. This ultimately changed his perception about God, which he learned under 18 months in prison.


text:
[High level of knowledge about a topic doubles the chances of 'false memories']
Credit: University College Dublin

Experts that are knowledgeable about certain subjects are twice as likely to have 'false memories' about their topic of specialisation, according to new research by scientists at UCD School of Psychology.

Researchers at the school asked 489 participants to rank seven subjects – football, politics, business, technology, film, science and pop music – from most to least interesting.

The investigators asked the participants in the study if they remembered the events described in four news items about the topic they selected as the most interesting. They also asked them about the events described in four items about the topic selected as least interesting.

In each case, three of the events depicted had actually happened and one was fictional. The results showed that if someone was interested in a topic, this increased the frequency of the number of accurate memories they had relating to that topic.

But at the same time, if someone was interested in a specific subject, this increased the number of false memories as well.

Dr Ciara Greene, Assistant Professor at the UCD School of Psychology and Anthony O'Connell, then a master's student at University College Cork, carried out the research.

The researchers found that 25 per cent of people experienced a false memory about an interesting topic, compared with 10 per cent in relation to a less interesting topic.

And having a high level of knowledge about a topic – as measured by the number of true memories recorded – rather than just an interest, increased the frequency of false memories too.

Those surveyed who were more knowledgeable about a subject were almost twice as likely to remember incidents relating to that topic that never happened.

"Increasing scientific and public understanding of the causes of false memory is an important goal, particularly in light of some of the more negative consequences associated with the phenomenon, including faulty eyewitness accounts and the controversies surrounding false memories of traumatic childhood events," said Dr Greene, lead author on the study.

"I hope that promotion of knowledge about false memories may provide some inoculation against their harmful effects."

The research will be presented at the annual conference of the British Psychological Society's Cognitive Psychology Section in Barcelona on September 1.

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CITATION: High level of knowledge about a topic doubles the chances of 'false memories' (2016, August 31) retrieved 1 December 2020 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-08-high-knowledge-topic-chances-false.html

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question: How much more likely are experts to have false memories about their topic of specialisation?

answer: Twice as likely.

question: What percent of people experience a false memory about an interesting topic?

answer: 25 percent.

question: What percentage of people experience a false memory about a less interesting topic?

answer: 10 percent.

question: How many participants were in the study?

answer: 489.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article summarizes a study testing for false memories which found that people who have knowledge of a subject are much more likely to have a false memory relating to it.


text:
LUÍS ALBERTO CASTRO DÍAZ (born May 19, 1981) is a Salvadoran footballer currently playing for East Bay FC Stompers in the National Premier Soccer League.

Club career

Castro has played the majority of his career for Salvadoran giants C.D. FAS.

International career

Castro made his debut for El Salvador in a February 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Nicaragua and has earned a total of 2 caps, scoring no goals. He has represented his country at the 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup.[1]

His final international was a January 2004 friendly match against Panama.

[1] Qualifying Tournament for Gold Cup 2003 - Details - RSSSF

title: Luís Castro (Salvadoran footballer)

question: What team does Luís Castro play for?

answer: The East Bay FC Stompers

question: What previous teams did Luís Castro play for?

answer: The Salvadoran giants C.D. FAS.

question: When did Luís Castro make his debut?

answer: Unknown, but he made his international debut on February 2003.

question: Where was Luís Castro born?

answer: El Salvador

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Luís Castro is a Salvadoran football player who currently plays for the East Bay FC Stompers.


text:
LUKAS FRÜHSTÜCK (born 26 June 1991, Bregenz, Austria) is an Austrian Handball player for Bregenz Handball.

Career

Lukas Frühstück has been playing handball for Bregenz since his youth with Bregenz Handball.

He played with Bregenz Handball in the EHF Champions League (2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11) and the EHF Cup (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2013/14, 2014 / 15).[1]

Since 2016, he has played in the team squad of the Austria national handball team, where he is coached by Patrekur Jòhannesson.[2][3]

Personal life

His father Roland Frühstück is an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and manager.

Successes

-   Lukas Frühstück won three times the Handball Liga Austria championship with the Bregenz Handball team.

HLA balance sheet

  Season      Club               Playing class   Gates   7-Meter       Field gates
  ----------- ------------------ --------------- ------- ------------- -------------
  2008/09     Bregenz Handball   HLA             24      4/5           20
  2009/10     Bregenz Handball   HLA             23      3/3           20
  2010/11     Bregenz Handball   HLA             0       0/0           0
  2011/12     Bregenz Handball   HLA             31      1/1           30
  2012/13     Bregenz Handball   HLA             29      0/0           29
  2013/14     Bregenz Handball   HLA             46      24/36         22
  2014/15     Bregenz Handball   HLA             82      7/11          75
  2015/16     Bregenz Handball   HLA             73      4/9           69
  2008–2016   TOTAL              HLA             308     43/65 (66%)   265

[1] Eurohandball profile

[2]

[3] FRÜHSTÜCK UND MAYER BLEIBEN BREGENZER HANDBALLER (10. Februar 2016)

title: Lukas Frühstück

question: Who is Lukas Frühstück?

answer: Lukas Frühstück is an Austrian Handball player.

question: How long did Lukas Frühstück play in the EHF Champions League and EHF Cup?

answer: Frühstück played in the EHF Champions League for four seasons and in the EHF Cup for five seasons.

question: Who was Frühstück's father?

answer: Frühstück's father is an Austrian politician and manager.

question: Has Frühstück ever played in some other team besides Bregenz Handball?

answer: It is not stated. It is said that he has been playing handball with Bregenz Handball since his youth.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Lukas Frühstück, an Austrian Handball player, was born in 1991. He won three times the Handball Liga Austria championship with the Bregenz Handball team. He played in the EHF Champions League from 2007/08-2010/11 and in the EHF Cup 2009/10 - 2014/15.


text:
GRADUATED OPTIMIZATION is a global optimization technique that attempts to solve a difficult optimization problem by initially solving a greatly simplified problem, and progressively transforming that problem (while optimizing) until it is equivalent to the difficult optimization problem.[1][2][3]

Technique description

[An illustration of graduated optimization.]

Graduated optimization is an improvement to hill climbing that enables a hill climber to avoid settling into local optima. It breaks a difficult optimization problem into a sequence of optimization problems, such that the first problem in the sequence is convex (or nearly convex), the solution to each problem gives a good starting point to the next problem in the sequence, and the last problem in the sequence is the difficult optimization problem that it ultimately seeks to solve. Often, graduated optimization gives better results than simple hill climbing. Further, when certain conditions exist, it can be shown to find an optimal solution to the final problem in the sequence. These conditions are:

-   The first optimization problem in the sequence can be solved given the initial starting point.
-   The locally convex region around the global optimum of each problem in the sequence includes the point that corresponds to the global optimum of the previous problem in the sequence.

It can be shown inductively that if these conditions are met, then a hill climber will arrive at the global optimum for the difficult problem. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to find a sequence of optimization problems that meet these conditions. Often, graduated optimization yields good results even when the sequence of problems cannot be proven to strictly meet all of these conditions.

Some examples

Graduated optimization is commonly used in image processing for locating objects within a larger image. This problem can be made to be _more convex_ by blurring the images. Thus, objects can be found by first searching the most-blurred image, then starting at that point and searching within a less-blurred image, and continuing in this manner until the object is located with precision in the original sharp image. The proper choice of the blurring operator depends on the geometric transformation relating the object in one image to the other.[4]

Graduated optimization can be used in manifold learning. The Manifold Sculpting algorithm, for example, uses graduated optimization to seek a manifold embedding for non-linear dimensionality reduction.[5] It gradually scales variance out of extra dimensions within a data set while optimizing in the remaining dimensions. It has also been used to calculate conditions for fractionation with tumors,[6] for object tracking in computer vision,[7] and other purposes.

A thorough review of the method and its applications can be found in.[8]

Related optimization techniques

Simulated annealing is closely related to graduated optimization. Instead of smoothing the function over which it is optimizing, simulated annealing randomly perturbs the current solution by a decaying amount, which may have a similar effect. Because simulated annealing relies on random sampling to find improvements, however, its computation complexity is exponential in the number of dimensions being optimized. By contrast, graduated optimization smooths the function being optimized, so local optimization techniques that are efficient in high-dimensional space (such as gradient-based techniques, hill climbers, etc.) may still be used.

[1]

[2]

[3] Hossein Mobahi, John W. Fisher III. On the Link Between Gaussian Homotopy Continuation and Convex Envelopes, In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (EMMCVPR 2015), Springer, 2015.

[4] Hossein Mobahi, C. Lawrence Zitnick, Yi Ma. Seeing through the Blur, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), June 2012.

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Graduated optimization

question: What is graduated optimization?

answer: Graduated optimization is a global optimization technique that attempts to solve a difficult optimization problem by initially solving a greatly simplified problem, and progressively transforming that problem (while optimizing) until it is equivalent to the difficult optimization problem.

question: What are some uses of graduated optimization?

answer: Graduated optimization is commonly used in image processing for locating objects within a larger image.

question: What is simulated annealing?

answer: Simulated annealing is related to graduated optimization. Instead of smoothing the function over which it is optimizing, simulated annealing randomly perturbs the current solution by a decaying amount.

question: What is the Manifold Sculpting algorithm?

answer: The Manifold Sculpting algorithm uses graduated optimization to seek a manifold embedding for non-linear dimensionality reduction.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Graduated optimization is a global optimization technique that attempts to solve a difficult optimization problem by initially solving a greatly simplified problem, and progressively transforming that problem (while optimizing) until it is equivalent to the difficult optimization problem.


text:
PUSHING ON A STRING is a figure of speech for influence that is more effective in moving things in one direction than another – you can _pull,_ but not _push._

If something is connected to someone by a string, they can move it toward themselves by pulling on the string, but they cannot move it away from themselves by pushing on the string. It is often used in the context of economic policy, specifically the view that “Monetary policy [is] asymmetric; it being easier to stop an expansion than to end a severe contraction.”[1]

History

According to Roger G. Sandilans[2] and John Harold Wood[3] the phrase was introduced by Congressman T. Alan Goldsborough in 1935, supporting Federal Reserve chairman Marriner Eccles in Congressional hearings on the Banking Act of 1935:

    Governor Eccles: Under present circumstances, there is very little, if any, that can be done.

    Congressman Goldsborough: You mean you cannot push on a string.

    Governor Eccles: That is a very good way to put it, one cannot push on a string. We are in the depths of a depression and... beyond creating an easy money situation through reduction of discount rates, there is very little, if anything, that the reserve organization can do to bring about recovery.[4]

The phrase is, however, often attributed to John Maynard Keynes: “As Keynes pointed out, it's like pushing on a string...”,[5] “This is what Keynes meant by the phrase 'Pushing on a string.'”

The phrase is also used in regard to asymmetrical influence in other contexts; for example, in 1976 a labor statistician, writing in the New York Times about then US President elect Jimmy Carter's policies, wrote that

    in today's economy, reducing unemployment by stimulating employment has become more and more like pushing on a string.[6]

Predecessors

The appearance of the phrase in a 1910 medical book suggests that it was proverbial at the time Goldsborough used it:

    If the arm muscles have been thus taxed the arm drops as if paralyzed and can no more be forced to do work in chronic fatigue than we can push on a string.[7]

Monetary policy

“Pushing on a string” is particularly used to illustrate limitations of monetary policy, particularly that the money multiplier is an _inequality,_ a _limit_ on money creation, not an _equality_.

In modern economies with fractional-reserve banking, money creation follows a two-stage process. First, a central bank introduces new base money into the economy (termed 'expansionary monetary policy') by purchasing financial assets from or lending money to financial institutions. Second, the new money introduced by the central bank is multiplied by commercial banks through fractional reserve banking; this expands the amount of broad money (i.e. cash plus demand deposits) in the economy so that it is a multiple (known as the money multiplier) of the amount originally created by the central bank. Money is in essence _pulled_ from central banks to commercial banks, and then to borrowers. This is the crux of the “pushing on a string” metaphor – that money cannot be _pushed_ from the central bank to borrowers if they do not wish to borrow.

Alternatively, the process can be seen as borrowers demanding credit from commercial banks, who then borrow base money to provide reserves to back the new bank money: demand for credit _pulls_ base money from central banks. This presentation is particularly associated with, and seen as support for, endogenous money theory, such as monetary circuit theory, in that money supply is not determined by an exogenous (external) force (central bank policy), but rather a combination of central bank policy and endogenous (internal) business reasons.

Commercial banks extend loans, and borrowers take out loans, for commercial reasons – because they expect to benefit from them: banks profit by charging interest on the loan higher than they must pay on _their_ debts (the “spread”), while borrowers may for instance invest the money (hire workers, build a factory), speculate with it, or use it for consumption. These loans must in turn be backed by _reserves_ – this is a legal requirement, otherwise banks could print unlimited quantities of money – and banks are allowed to extend as loans some multiple of reserves: in a fractional-reserve banking system banks are allowed to extend _more_ loans than they have reserves (the ratio is called the money multiplier, and is greater than 1), while in a full-reserve banking loans must be precisely backed by reserves and the money multiplier is 1. The distinction between fractional-reserve and full-reserve is not significant in this context – the important point is that in both systems, loans must be backed by reserves.

Crucially, central banks can _limit_ money creation by either limiting the _amount_ of base money extended, thus denying reserves and preventing commercial banks from extending further loans, or by raising the _price_ of base money extended by increasing interest rates and thus making loans less profitable for the bank (raising the hurdle rate), and while relaxing these constraints can _encourage_ money creation, central banks cannot _force_ commercial banks to extend credit – monetary policy can _pull_ but not _push_.

If there is unmet demand for credit money, then credit money is _pulling_ and monetary policy can be effective, by being more or less restrictive, just as if a dog or horse is pulling on a leash or bridle its speed can be regulated by reining it in or letting it loose – one says that the reserve requirement constraint is binding. If, conversely, all demand for credit money is being met, either because banks do not wish to lend (finding it too risky or unprofitable) or borrowers do not wish to borrow (having no use for added debt, such as due to lack of business opportunities), then the string is slack, the reserve constraint is not binding, and monetary policy is ineffective: monetary policy allows reining in a horse, but does not allow whipping it on.

The breakdown in monetary policy is particularly damaging because it often occurs in financial crises such as the Great Depression and the Financial crisis of 2007–2010: in the midst of a crisis, banks will be more cautious about lending money due to higher risk of default, and borrowers will be more cautious about borrowing money because of lack of investment and speculation opportunities: if demand is dropping, new investment is unlikely to be profitable, and if asset prices are dropping (following the bursting of a speculative bubble), speculation on rising asset prices is unlikely to prove profitable.

Excess reserves

Restated, increases in central bank money may not result in commercial bank money because the money is not _required_ to be lent out – it may instead result in a growth of unlent reserves (excess reserves).

If banks maintain low levels of excess reserves, as they did in the US from 1959 to August 2008, then central banks can finely control broad (commercial bank) money supply by controlling central bank money creation, as the multiplier gives a direct and fixed connection between these.[8]

[1] Sandilans, Roger G. (2001), "The New Deal and 'domesticated' Keynesianism in America, in , p. 231.

[2]

[3] , p. 231; it cites U. S. Congress House Banking Currency Committee, Hearings, _Hearings, Banking Act of 1935,_ March 18, 1935, p. 377.

[4]

[5]

[6] Moore, Geoffrey H. (1976), “The Employment-Unemployment Trade-Off”, _The New York Times,_ December 9, 1976, p. 47.

[7] , p. 53.

[8] Stefan Homburg (2017) _A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics_, Oxford University Press, , pp. 141 ff.

title: Pushing on a string

question: Summarise how the theory of supply and demand corresponds with the "pushing on a string" metaphor on money creation and circulation in the financial industry.

answer: Pushing on a string is a figure of speech mainly used in economics which, in summary, means that a person or entity has to make salient efforts to get something to function. There are limits to money creation in the financial industry, and this can be seen through the theory of supply and demand using the "pushing on a string" metaphor. When a business or individual requires money for various purposes, this is where the banks come in. They reach out to the banks to supply them with a loan, while the banks profit from the loans via interests; it's a win-win for both. However, while banks are happy to lend to businesses and individuals, there has to be a demand for the money to be pulled from the central bank into the commercial banks for circulation. In essence, there must be a demand for the money to be created by the central banks for circulation into the commercial banks before supplying to the end consumer.


text:
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Little princes and princesses (and, let's face it, people of all ages) are invited to a special sing along screening at the Liverpool Empire.

Little Annas, Elsas and Olafs can come along in fancy dress to see a full screening of Disney’s Frozen with lyrics on screen to help you sing along during the film.

The show is introduced by a live host who will guide you through the interactive screening by showing you how to use your free prop bag, warm up your singing voices and teach you some dance moves with the help of the Sing-along-a Princesses.

Tickets are on sale now for a matinée performance on SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27 AT 3PM.

Tickets cost from £16.90 for adults, £13.15 for children under 16, or £50.75 for two adults and two kids. For more information and to book tickets online click here.

There is also a special outdoor cinema screening at King’s Gardens in Southport on Friday, September 4 at 8.30pm. Click here for more details.

Take our ultimate Disney Frozen quiz just for grown ups

question: Where is the special sing-along screening taking place?

answer: At the Liverpool Empire.

question: What is the name of the movie to be shown at the screening?

answer: Disney's Frozen (with lyrics on screen).

question: What are the ticket prices?

answer: £16.90 for adults and £13.15 for children under 16

question: Is there going to be a host at the screening?

answer: There will be a live host.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer:
There will be a special sing-along screen happening at the Liverpool Empire, featuring a live host and Disney's movie, Frozen, with lyrics on screen.

Ticket prices are £16.90 for adults and £13.15 for children under 16.


text:
MEXICO CITY, Mexico — Flanked between Mexican and U.S. flags, President Felipe Calderon was unleashing his familiar tirade against drug gangs in a speech in New York on Monday.

The cartels are carrying out mass murder, he said. They are a regional threat.

And then he dropped his bombshell.

If the United States can’t cut demand for drugs, Calderon said, it must look for alternative solutions.

“We are living in the same building. And our neighbor is the largest consumer of drugs in the world. And everybody wants to sell him drugs through our doors and our windows,” the Mexican president said. “If the consumption of drugs cannot be limited, then decision-makers must seek more solutions — including market alternatives — in order to reduce the astronomical earnings of criminal organizations.”

RELATED: RE-THINKING THE DRUG WAR

The comment unleashed shockwaves on both sides of the Rio Grande. Here was a man who has waged the biggest campaign against drug gangs in Mexico’s history — and who U.S. President Barack Obama even called Mexico’s Elliot Ness — saying that the U.S. should consider legalizing drugs.

Or is Calderon really saying that?

The speech was actually the second time in less a month that the Mexican president had used his phrase “market alternatives.”

The first came in a televised speech in Mexico on Aug. 26, the day after gangsters burned down a casino in Monterrey, killing 52 apparently innocent customers and croupiers.

MORE: OTHER VICTIMS OF THE VIOLENCE

“If [Americans] are determined and resigned to consume drugs, then they should seek market alternatives in order to cancel the criminals’ stratospheric profits,” he said then.

Following that, pundits speculated that the anguish of the casino deaths may have made Calderon use a clumsy turn of phrase.

But the second time was a clear confirmation that he was deliberately putting forward a new idea.

Press officers at Mexico’s presidential palace said they could not comment on the meaning of Calderon’s words. But pundits are all convinced that “market alternatives” is Calderon-speak for the dreaded "L-word” — legalization.

“Everyone understands what Calderon is now saying. But he is using the softer phrasing to cause a little less controversy,” said Jorge Chabat, one of Mexico’s most prominent political commentators.

The question remains as to why at this stage in his presidency, Calderon has shifted on such a central policy.

After Calderon was sworn into office in December 2006, the war on drugs quickly became the centerpiece of his administration. He sent soldiers and federal police to burn down crops, seize labs and extradite kingpins to the United States.

While praising the soldiers as heroes, Calderon railed against the “evil” of drugs and said the legalization could lead to many young people suffering.

But after more than 40,000 drug related murders since then, Calderon has apparently grown weary of a war with no end.

“Mexican presidents learn from the reality of power that the war on drugs doesn’t work,” Chabat, the analyst, said. “He hasn’t seen clear results, and this seems to have made him genuinely change his opinion.”

The last two Mexican presidents, Ernesto Zedillo and Vicente Fox, also converted to the cause of drug-policy reform on leaving office.

“We have to take all the production chain out of the hands of criminals and into the hands of producers,” Fox told GlobalPost in a recent interview. “So there are farmers that produce marijuana and manufacturers that process it and distributors that distribute it and shops that sell it.”

Calderon has just come to the same conclusion a little earlier, Chabat said.

It remains to be seen what effect Calderon’s new rhetoric could have on Washington’s policy.

Drug-policy reformists in the United States have already heralded Calderon’s statements, saying they will help their cause.

“It is incredibly useful,” said Tom Angell, spokesman for Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. “If President Obama sees his major foreign partner in the war on drugs say that maybe we ought to stop it, then Obama may be forced to address this in a meaningful way.”

Mexican cartels are believed to make $30 billion every year selling marijuana, crystal meth, heroin and cocaine to American consumers.

Activists argue a first step would be the legalization of marijuana, which would take a huge cash crop away from Mexican cartels.

A referendum to legalize marijuana will be held in Colorado in 2012, with activists also looking at possible referendums in California and Washington states.

However, Obama has shown little sign of being receptive to these activists. His drug tsar, Gil Kerlikowske, has taken a hardline against any such reform, while federal agents have busted medical marijuana farms in places such as California, where medical cannabis is legal under state law.

Calderon himself will step down from power in December 2012 and is not allowed by law to stand for re-election.

But once the door has been opened to a Mexican president questioning the war on drugs, others could follow.

“We’ve seen a wave of former presidents in Latin America opposing the war on drugs. Now this could be a time of standing presidents becoming emboldened and opposing it,” Angell said. “And this could mean a sea change in policy."

[]

question: President Felipe Calderon is the President of which country?

answer: He is the President of Mexico.

question: Was the Mexican President asking the U.S. to legalize drugs?

answer: Yes.

question: How would legalizing marijuana help?

answer: Legalizing marijuana would take away huge chunks of cash from the Mexican cartels.

question: When does the President's term end?

answer: The President steps down from power in December 2012 and cannot stand for re-election.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
In his speech in New York, the President of Mexico, Felipe Calderon, suggests the U.S. legalize drugs. This is the second time that the President put forth his new idea.

When he was sworn in to his office, Calderon was against the evil of drugs. But after many murders relating to drugs, Calderon has maybe grown weary of a war with no end. The drug policymakers in the U.S. have already heralded Calderon's statement.


text:
_FATHER AND SON_ () is a 1930 German-Swedish film directed by Victor Sjöström and starring Rudolf Rittner, Franziska Kinz and Martin Herzberg.[1] A separate Swedish-language film was released the following year.

The film's art direction was by Vilhelm Bryde.

Cast

-   Rudolf Rittner as Harald Hilding Markurell, the Innkeeper
-   Franziska Kinz as Mrs. Karin Markurell
-   Martin Herzberg as Johann Markurell
-   Alfred Gerasch as Karl-Magnus de Lorche
-   Carl Balhaus as Louis de Lorche
-   Elfriede Borodin as Brita, the niece of Karl-Magnus
-   Ernst Gronau as Sven Ström, the Barber
-   Artur Retzbach as Per Ström, his brother, the School Janitor
-   Philipp Manning as Principal
-   Gustav Rickelt as the Dean. School Censor
-   Ernst Dernburg as the Chemistry Professor. School Censor

[1] Parish & Pitts p. 360

title: Father and Son (1930 film)

question: Who is the film director?

answer: The film is directed by Victor Sjöström.

question: When was the film released?

answer: 1930.

question: Who has acted in the film?

answer: Rudolf Rittner, Franziska Kinz and Martin Herzberg.

question: Who has played the character of Louis de Lorche?

answer: Carl Balhaus.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Father and Son is a German-Swedish film. The film was released in 1930 and directed by Victor Sjöström. The art direction of the movie was by Vilhelm Bryde.


text:
[Map of pubs in the City of London, 1968.]

Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

Though the 1986 _East London and City Pub Guide_ put together by the local branch of the Campaign for Real Ale is an entertaining read  (among other signs of its age, it notes which pubs are ‘popular with gays’), we found it _too _comprehensive for our purposes._
_

Instead, we turned, once again, to Tony White and Martin Green and their 1968 _Guide to London Pubs_. A compact paperback, for each region of central London (the authors weren’t much interested in anything beyond Zone 2) it offers a map and a short list of recommended pubs.

Those suggestions are based on the atmosphere and character of the pubs rather than the quality of the beer, which is just as well, as most of the brands listed are long gone.

There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

THE BLACK FRIAR, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET

This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

[The Black Friar, or Blackfriar, at, er, Blackfriars.]

THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

One pint down, we took a five minute walk along Queen Victoria Street and then turned left just before the College of Arms.

_The Horn, which dates back to the eighteenth century, is referred to by Dickens in _Pickwick Papers… _Later on, after the Great War, it employed ten barmaids; today, after a slight decline, it is rapidly gaining in popularity. Ladies are very welcome (not true of all City pubs), coffee is available at all times and there is a plentiful supply of food… One of the most unpleasant and unspoiled of City drinking haunts._ (G&W 1968)

Well, it’s bloody well been spoiled now. At some point, this back street pub near St Paul’s was renamed The Centre Page to fit in with a Fleet Street theme. It would be hard to imagine a pub with less soul, every vestige of character apparently having been thrown in a skip to make a large, wipe-clean space for the crowds which descend between 6 p.m. and 7:30 on most week-nights.

We drank Moorhouse’s Blond Witch which was very nearly off but not quite, and warm to boot, and left feeling deflated, wishing we’d ordered coffee.

THE OLDE DR BUTLER’S HEAD, MASON’S AVENUE

Green and White — journalists, not historians — tell this story about the ODBH:

_The original Dr Butler prescribed a cask of his medicinal ale for King James I’s sciatica, for which he was made a Court Physician and given an honorary degree in medicine… He founded the inn, which takes its name from him, some time before 1616… [and] it was here that he used to sell the medicinal ale which he brewed himself._

Like Ye Olde Mitre on Hatton Garden, it feels like an invention of Peter Ackroyd — a small piece of Old London lost up an easy-to-miss pedestrian alleyway between hulking, grey modern buildings. Inside, it was pleasingly dark and cosy, though less charmingly decrepit than similar Samuel Smith-owned pubs.

Leaning on a shelf, we tried to enjoy pints of Whitstable Bay Pale Ale, but it was barely drinkable — that ‘distinctive’ Shepherd Neame character made yet more ‘distinctive’ by being allowed to become stale and warm. Again, not actually _off_, but not at all good. Even if we’d wanted to take it back, we’d have had to fight through a crowd of well-oiled blokes in ‘insurance, banking, stock-broking’: this pub is certainly as popular with that crowd today as it was back in 1968.

NOT THE HAND & SHEARS

After two mediocre pubs in a row, we were beginning to run out of steam, and then got lost trying to find a pub near Smithfield which Green and White inform us was once known colloquially as the ‘Fist & Clippers’.  As we walked past a Fuller’s mega-pub — The Butcher’s Hook & Cleaver — and saw a full bank of cask ales and Bengal Lancer, London Porter and even Golden Pride on keg, we crumbled. The crawl ended there.

The Butcher’s Hook is in the West London brewery’s corporate style — shiny orange wood, lots of glossy promotional material — but the bar staff were the first all night who took the time to chat to us, and Golden Pride (at something like £4.50 a half…) came in suitably swanky brandy snifters. Pints of ESB were in tip-top condition, too, restoring our faith in City cellar-men.

So, a failure and victory all in one.

REFLECTIONS

It might not seem it from the above description, but this was a fun exercise. There was a little enjoyable detective work in locating the renamed Horn, and plenty of interest to see between pubs.

What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

Some pubs on the 1968 crawl, such as the Printers’ Devil on Fetter Lane, have disappeared altogether, becoming offices or shops, and perhaps that offers a clue to where the character of some of the surviving pubs has gone: the diverse trades pushed out of the City in the course of the last forty years have left behind them only a generic kind of ‘office worker’.

Who wants to drink at the Laptop & Blackberry or the Olde Risk Assessor?

_A final tip:_ if you’re tempted to tackle this or a similar crawl, try to reward yourself by finishing at a pub you know is half-decent. The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

question: Summarize everything related to The Black Friar.

answer: The Black Friar is a flat-iron corner pub and is much loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and decor. In 1968 it had a clientele of business, journalists, and printers, but in the present there are no printers or journalists. The author notes that it has a wide range of draught beers, and dubs it his favorite bar of the four he visited.

question: Does the author of this document have a favorite of the four pubs listed?

answer: Yes, The Black Friar

question: Where is The Horn located?

answer: The Horn is located on Knightrider street in London.

question: Which pub is the easiest to get to?

answer: That information can't be found specifically, but each pub is between a five and fifteen minute walk from each other. It could be assumed that none of the pubs is hard to get to.

question: Do any of the pubs offer something unique?

answer: The author mentions that 3/4 of the pubs were too polished and lacked a sense of real place. It could be assumed that none of the pubs offered anything unique, but the author does mention that The Black Friar is known for its quirky architecture and decor.

question: What is the main point of this document?

answer: The author decides to do a pub crawl of four bars in London from a 1968 city pub guide and then reviews them.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this document, the author discusses when he decided to do a pub crawl of four bars in London based off a 1968 London pub guide. He chose and reviewed The Black Friar, The Horn, the Olde Dr Butler’s Head, and the Cloth, Hand, and Shears. The author thought that 3 of the 4 pubs he saw were too polished and lacked a sense of place. He decided the Black Friar was the best of the four.


text:
[HuffPost] [HuffPost]

Reporter Fact-Checks Trump: 'Why Should Americans Trust You?'

NBC reporter Peter Alexander corrected President Donald Trump during a press conference Thursday after the president again made a false claim about his Electoral College victory margin.

The press conference was called to tout the president’s choice of attorney Alexander Acosta for the role of labor secretary, but it devolved into a meandering tirade against the press. Russia dominated the questions, but Trump also found a way to brag about his victory over Hillary Clinton, falsely claiming the margin, 306 electoral votes to Clinton’s 232, was the biggest since Ronald Reagan’s 1984 win. In fact, Barack Obama won more electoral votes in 2008 and 2012, Bill Clinton won more in 1992 and 1996 and George H.W. Bush won more in 1988.

Alexander, a correspondent for NBC News, sought to correct Trump on those figures, and pressed him to explain how he could call reporting by outlets like The New York Times and CNN “fake news” while using inaccurate figures himself.

“Why should Americans trust you?” asked Alexander.

“I was given that information,” Trump said, cutting Alexander off. “I don’t know. I was just given it. We had a very, very big margin.”

“Why should Americans trust you when you accuse the information they receive of being fake, when you provide information that’s not accurate?” Alexander asked.

“I was given that information,” said Trump. “Actually, I’ve seen that information around. But it was a very substantial victory. Do you agree with that?”

“You’re the president,” Alexander replied.

Trump has repeatedly described his victory over Clinton as a “historic” and “massive” landslide. That’s not the case. His Electoral College victory actually ranks 46th out of 58 presidential elections. He lost the popular vote to Clinton by about 2.8 million votes.

Despite repeated debunkings, Trump continues to make false claims about the election. On Wednesday, he responded to a question about the rise of anti-Semitism by bragging about his win.

“Well, I just want to say that we are, you know, very honored by the victory that we had: 306 Electoral College votes,” Trump said Wednesday. “We were not supposed to crack 220. You know that, right? There was no way to 221, but then they said there’s no way to 270.”

_CORRECTION: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of previous presidential elections. This story has also been updated to include more information about past Electoral College victory margins._

Calling all HuffPost superfans!

Sign up for membership to become a founding member and help shape HuffPost's next chapter

[HuffPost]

BEFORE YOU GO

PHOTO GALLERY

Trump's First 100 Days

question: Why did an NBC reporter correct President Trump?

answer: Trump made a false claim about his Electoral College victory margin.

question: How did Trump brag about his victory over Hillary Clinton?

answer: He claimed it was the biggest margin since Ronald Reagan's 1984 win.

question: Did Trump say anything to scold Peter Alexander?

answer: Based off the document, no.

question: What are some of the false claims Trump has made about the election?

answer: He claimed the margin between his victory and Clinton's loss was the biggest since Ronald Reagan's 1984 win.

question: How long has Trump been president at the time of this document?

answer: That information can't be found in the document.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This document talks about when an NBC reporter, Peter Alexander, corrected President Donald Trump during a press conference. Trump had made a false claim about his Electoral College victory margin.


text:
[The tomb of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany at the Basilique Saint-Denis, mostly by Jean Juste and his nephew Juste de Juste, who was responsible especially for the _Virtues_ at the corners. Completed 1531.]

JUSTE or GIUSTI is the name conventionally applied to a family of Italian sculptors.

Their real name was Betti, originally from the area of San Martino a Mensola, a church in Florence. GIUSTO BETTI, whose name was afterwards given to the whole family, and Andrea are the first two known to us. Neither seems to have gone out of Italy. But Andrea had three sons - Antonio or ANTOINE JUSTE (1479-1519), Andrew (born about 1483), and John or JEAN JUSTE, the best known of the house (1485-1549) - all of whom early emigrated to France and figured prominently during the Renaissance. With Francesco Laurana they stand as the most brilliant representatives and the most active emissaries of Italian art beyond the Alps. Juste de Juste (ca. 1505-ca. 1559), son of Antonio and pupil of Jean, has been widely accepted as the author of some well-known etchings of naked or écorché (flayed) male figures signed with a complicated monogram. He also worked as a stuccoist of the School of Fontainebleau under Rosso Fiorentino.[1]

As early as 1504 the three brothers were in Brittany, at Dol, executing the monument of Bishop Thomas James. Later, they separated. Antoine worked for the Cardinal d'Amboise in the castle of Gaillon; while Jean, attracted to Tours, spent a few years in the atelier of Michel Colombe, famous as the sculptor of the “Entombment” in the Abbey of Solesmes. Colombe was the last representative of the Dijon School, founded by Claus Sluter under the first dukes of Burgundy. At his school Jean Juste became imbued with the realism of Flanders, slightly softened and tempered with French delicacy. Through this combination of qualities, he created for himself a style whose charm consisted in its flexibility and complexity. At the death of Michel Colombe (1512) the Justes worked again in concert and inherited his fame. Francis I of France commissioned them to execute the mausoleum of Louis XII at St-Denis, and this occupied almost fifteen years (1516–31). But Antoine's share in this work was slight, as he died in 1519. The honour of this work belongs entirely to his brother Jean.

The original conception seems to have been Perréal's, and yet it was not wholly his. The iconography of tombs was extremely rich in France in the fifteenth century. Its main theme consists of a _gisant_ or recumbent effigy of the deceased, laid upon a funeral couch surmounting the sarcophagus, upon the sides of which a procession of mourners is represented. The most celebrated example of this style is the monument of Philip the Bold by Claus Sluter, at Champmol, Dijon (1405–10), of which there have been several variants, down to the monument of Philippe Pot (1480) in the Louvre. The tomb of Louis XII inaugurated a new tradition, or rather a colossal development of the subject. The hero is represented kneeling on a catafalque beneath which the _gisant_ appears as a naked, emaciated corpse, “such as death has made it for us”.

Jean Juste also executed the tombs of Philippe de Montmorency and of Artus Gouffier in the church of Oiron (Deux-Sèvres), that of Jean Rieux, at Ancenis, of Thomas Bohier, at St-Saturnin, Tours, and of the Abbé Louis de Crévent at the Trinité, Vendôme. He had one son, John the second, with his cousin Juste de Juste the last sculptor of the family, who died in 1577, and of whom some works are to be seen in the churches of Oiron and Champeaux.

Notes

[1] British Museum Juste de Juste. Dates from the Getty Union Artist Name List, [http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Juste&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500099815 who have him] as “Just de Juste” and variants, but not “Juste de Juste”. The British Museum have his dates as 1505-1549. See also Fuhring, Peter, in Karen Jacobson, ed (often wrongly cat. as Georg Baselitz), _The French Renaissance in Prints_, 1994, pp. 282-286; Grunwald Center, UCLA, . There are on line images from Spamula - click on details to see whole image.

title: Juste family

question: Summarize everything related to Italy.

answer: The Juste family was a family of Italian sculptors. They originally came from Florence. Neither Giusto Betti or Andrea left Italy. Andrea's three sons became the most active emissaries of Italian art beyond the alps.

question: Summarize everything relating to religion.

answer: The three Juste brothers built the monument of Bishop Thomas James. Antoine later worked for the Cardinal d'Amboise. Jean Juste also executed tombs in the church of Oiron. Juste de Juste's works can be seen in the churches of Oiron and Champeaux.

question: What does this article say about the defining features of the Renaissance art style?

question: Summarize everything related to offspring.

answer: Andrea had three sons: Antonio, Andrew, and John. Juste de Juste was the son of Antonio. Jean Juste had one son, John the second.


text:
The Luggage

From the beginning, I knew I had to sit on my father’s throne but life has played many tricks with me. If I could hop on a time machine, go back in time and wanted something that would have taken my life on a different path, it would have been to spend more time with my father. Fate has kept my father away from me my entire life. Those few months that I have spent with him are hardly registered in my memory anymore. Even if they were, it would have been harder to cope since my father is someone completely different ever since his brain stroke.
It’s unfathomable to imagine one carrying Mt. Everest on its back but if I had to compare, it would be carrying the luggage full of responsibilities of my six membered family that was bestowed upon me after my fathers’ impairment. I was never raised to be someone capable of lifting such a heavy object and I fumbled constantly until my family gave up on me.
If anyone still had hope on me, it was myself. I just knew it, it was written on the imaginary paper in my rich mind (fueled daily to drag my lazy body)  but it never came to fruition until I met her. Memories of her are hard to discern now a days; it’s like a printed paper that has already been printed once before and the letters are deceitful to eyes and mind. I remember meeting her through the tubes that connect the entire world. I reckon she fell in love with me within few minutes of our conversation and didn't hesitate to confess it to me that very same night. I remember talking to her for endless hours on daily basis as if I was born with the intuition like an infant wired to grasp onto its mother's bosom. It was a part of my life, intertwined. But then one day she was gone as fast as she came into my life. There were no traces of her. If there were any, it was my transformation. She helped me build the strength to lift the luggage and carry it many miles.
Many months have past. Now, my family has new found hope and respect for me. Afterall, I am a coolie carrying the luggage that was left by my father on his throne. I stayed awake many a night longing for the angel who helped me attain my strength. One enlightening night wasn’t any different. It was a starry night as I had my back to the red brick wall, sitting next to my dearest cousin, speaking of things only couple of men would do. As the night grew older, so did our conversations. And then for a while I remained silent. taking in the beauty that was rendered upon us. Stars and moons shining in harmony, giving life and light at the same time for us to continue to survive.
I break the silence, "you reckon that song?".
Pointing at the bright light that occupies our retinas from few blocks away.
It was a late night wedding and the music was as loud as an erupting volcano. Some people didn't have any good sense of time or place. At least both of us loved the song and we didn't waste a minute but started to sing along.
♪♪ Maddening wind hardens,
as my old friend returns.
It has been a long while...
To lose her again, frightens. ♪♪
And suddenly I halted, unable to hold back my tears anymore for the song was her favorite as well. My cousin being the dearest as he is, puts his hand upon my shoulder and asks, “what’s the matter, brother?”. I tell him the tale of her and watched his mouth remain open throughout as if he needed more air to aid his lungs to keep running. I wiped off the tears from my cheek, watch my cousin leave my company and continue to gaze on the stars and wondered whether they know where she is. After considerable amount of time and before the stars started to lose its feature my cousin reappears to show me documentation that hinders my cogitation. There were no one on the other end of the conversation with whom I spend countably infinite hours. My body remained inert, my mind wandered around, trapped inside a maze and I felt my luggage getting a few ton heavier.

title: My First Short Story. Feed, Please?!

question: Who is the woman that helped the narrator in his past?

answer: She's someone the narrator imagined.

question: Why did the narrator imagine the woman as he did?

answer: He needed a reason to change for the better, and his mind helped him in a devious way.

question: Were there hints about the girl being the narrator's imagination?

answer: They fell in love too quickly, and they had the same favorite songs. However, these aren't strong hints to conclude that someone is imagined.

question: How does the narrator realize the girl existed in his mind only?

answer: His cousin provides evidence to that effect.

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator always knew he'd need to sit on the throne of his father one day. However, he buckled under the weight of responsibility, eventually losing the faith of his family. He meets a girl one day, and they fall in love almost at first sight. After a few months, she disappears as suddenly as she entered his life; the only mark of her existence is the change in the narrator. Years later, the narrator opens up about her to his cousin. To his immense shock, his cousin delivers him evidence that the girl didn't really exist. The weight on the narrator's shoulders gets heavier.


text:
Donald Trump has ignored requests for proof he is donating his $400,000 annual salary to charity, despite promising during his campaign to waive the pay package.

Inquiries about the promise placed at the White House, the Treasury Department and the Office of Personnel by MSNBC were ignored or waved away.

Likewise, _The Independent's_ request for clarification with the office of White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer is yet to see a response.

Trump claims he will turn down presidential salary

If he is in fact drawing the salary, Mr Trump would have received his first $33,333 pay packet in January, and be pocketing another cheque on 20 March.

In a interview on CBS, conducted two days after his triumph over Hillary Clinton, the billionaire tycoon doubled down on his campaign commitment to draw "no salary".

He said: "I think have to by law take $1, so I'll take $1 a year... no, I'm not going to take the salary. I'm not taking it."

 In pictures: Protests, pomp and Donald Trump

Show all 30

Under Constitutional law, the President must be paid the salary by law, which "shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected".

As such, a White House spokesperson subsequently suggested he would be drawing a wage but then donating it.

"He is required to get a paycheck but will be giving it back to [the] Treasury or donating," Sarah Huckabee Sanders told the website Politifact. But to date, no evidence has been provided for any of these claims.

Past Presidents to eschew a salary include Herbert Hoover, John F Kennedy, and the country's first ever Head of State, George Washington.

In today's money, those men were worth $82 million, $100 million and $580 million respectively, ranking them all among the 10 richest presidents of all time.

But all these fortunes are dwarfed by Mr Trump's. Though estimates vary wildly, he is thought to be worth some $3.7 billion.

That means the Presidential salary is worth just 0.01 per cent of his total fortune.

question: Did the White House provide enquiring journalists with any evidence of Donald Trump donating his salary as he promised during his campaign?

answer: No, they did not. The journalists were ignored or waved away.

question: How many United States presidents (before Donald Trump), refused to spend their salary for themselves?

answer: They are Herbert Hoover, John F Kennedy, and the country's first-ever Head of State, George Washington.

question: How much is President Trump claimed to be worth?

answer: Though the estimate wildly varies, he is thought to be worth $3.7 billion.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: President Donald Trump once promised to draw his annual salary ($400,000) and donate it to charity. He repeated this pledge after he won the election. However, no one has been able to verify whether he actually donated his salary to any charity. Whenever journalists ask the White House about this pledge, they are usually ignored.


text:
The young woman walked down the corridor, picked up her favourite red umbrella, and headed for the door. She was hysterical. Day after day, she’d come home terrified and fearing the worse, and she couldn’t take it anymore. She opened the door and a brutish hand grabbed her on the shoulder,
 “Cassandra, please, don’t do this,” he pleaded through what she could tell were fake tears.
“Fuck you, Gary,” she said, exasperated after years of trauma. She turned to leave. He smacked her across the face. She could feel her cheek swell and throb, but she barely felt the pain. In her rage she shoved him back, umbrella still in hand. He stumbled but managed to grab hold of her and throw her to the floor. He kicked her in the side and she dropped her favourite umbrella. She spluttered and flailed around trying to hurt him in any way she could, but to no avail. He pinned her to the ground with his heavy, steel-capped boot and picked up the umbrella she had dropped. He drew the red umbrella above his head, acting as if the pointed tip was a sword. He thrust it into her chest and she hacked up phlegm and leaked dark blood from the corner of her mouth as she breathed her last. Gary walked into the corner by the cabinet and sat, exhausted and empty, devoid of emotion. He curled up, it was nice and warm in the corner. He could see the embers of the fire glow opposite him. It was nice there, in the corner, alone.

The phone started ring, it was loud and cutting and he hated the noise, but he didn’t pick it up.
Gary sat alone in his corner, breathing shallowly and slowly losing what little composure he had.
What had he done? How could he have done this? He was a good person, a bit of a temper maybe, but he wasn’t that bad… It was her fault anyway, she was being crazy. She had cheated on him and then had the audacity to walk out! He never meant to hurt her over the years, but sometimes things were hard, he just had to have a release… still, she had cheated! She knew what she was doing…
Gary continued to reason with himself, trying to justify the one of the few actions he knew was beyond justification.

Gary began to panic. It was getting really hot in the little corner now. He started to choke on nothing. He couldn’t breathe. Everything was really tight, and there was a pressure inside his chest. He could feel it building up inside of him and he couldn’t contain himself any longer.
RIIIING… RIIIING… RIIIING… the phone rang again, seemingly louder than before.
He walked to the phone and picked it up,

“Hello?” A woman’s voice questioned.

“Yes?” Gary replied softly. He recognised the voice.

“Oh, it’s you” she spit out, obvious malice laced her voice, “I know what’s going on Gary. I know what you’ve done to her, no wonder she cheated…”

“I... I’m sorry Lorraine…” He always hated his mother in law, but he knew what he had done was too much. He couldn’t hate a woman who had lost her child.

“I’m so sorry.”

“Ga--” He hung up the phone to cut her off and walked to the basement. He didn’t want to see the pool of blood forming around the corpse of the woman he still loved.

He sat in the basement looking down at his shoes. He couldn’t bear to look up, everywhere there were pictures of Cassandra and her family, rightfully judging him with scornful eyes. In all the pictures her family were smiling, but he could only see dead eyes looking at him with a deep seated and well justified hatred. Looking at his shoes was a much nicer alternative.
He lay on the ground trying to forget about what he had done and what was going to happen to him, but nothing worked. Whenever he shut his eyes he saw hers, open and staring into the void, as if searching desperately for something she could no longer see.
But almost as frequently, he could see the joy in her eyes when she was once happy in his arms, when she had still loved him. He started to blur the two opposites and ran upstairs, hoping to see her barely alive. Maybe she was still breathing. He hadn’t really looked at her much… maybe she was okay. He turned the corner and ran down the corridor and saw her body lying unconscious. He saw the pool of blood billow around her like dark wings and he shook her and compressed her chest, maybe he could still get help. He pumped for minutes that seemed like years, desperately trying to revive the corpse using nothing but willpower. Everything was going to be okay, he lied to himself. He collapsed exhausted and terrified he turned around and threw up ghastly, sickly bile. He hadn’t eaten for a day. He walked up to their bedroom and lay down, perhaps it wasn’t real he told himself, trying to sleep.

RIIIIING… RIIIIIIING… RIIIIIIING… he heard as he struggled to rest. He picked up the phone downstairs and calmly walked to the basement.
“Hello?” he spoke into the handset.
“Look, if my daughter hasn’t left that house alone by sunset then I’m calling the police” Lorraine threatened over the phone.
“Yeah… sure, just let me say my goodbyes… okay?” He hung up and pulled the gun from the footlocker below him, he put the barrel to his head, “Forgive me father,” he chuckled sadly to himself as he pulled the trigger.

title: [TH] Umbrella

question: What does the story say happened to Cassandra, Gary's wife.

answer: In a rage, Gary smacks Cassandra and beats her, preventing her from escaping. As it turns out, Cassandra had cheated and walked out on Gary. It was reason enough for him to kill her and leave her in a pool of blood before killing himself.


text:
The Belgian capital has a problem with extremist Islam, Brussels Mayor Yvan Mayeur said in an interview with newspaper De Morgen published Wednesday, one year after the terror attacks at Zaventem Airport and Maalbeek metro station.

“Everyone knows that all mosques in Brussels are in the hands of Salafists,” Mayeur said, referring to the radical form of Islam. “We need to change this, we need new mosques that follow our democratic rules and that are being controlled by the government.”

However, Mayeur denied claims his city is the capital of jihad, an image that emerged after authorities revealed many of the terror suspects responsible for the Paris and Brussels terror attacks lived or operated from the city.

“Jihadism in Belgium started in Antwerp, then spread to Vilvoorde, Molenbeek and Brussels-north,” Mayeur said.

He added: “Terrorism is a problem that involves Europe as a whole. Don’t forget what happened in Paris, Nice and Berlin. If this was only a Brussels problem, it would have been solved.”

According to Mayeur, people should fear not only radicalized youth, but extremism in general. “We live in a world in which radicalism is growing. People such as Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen and Vladimir Putin are extremists too,” he said.

A confidential report into anti-terror measures revealed earlier this week that police in the Brussels district of Molenbeek have uncovered 51 organizations with suspected ties to terrorism after Belgian Interior Minister Jan Jambon pledged to “clean up” the Molenbeek district.

Mayeur said that his city still faces a shortage of police officers to cope with the burden of extra security measures for the EU capital, demonstrations and security of events and buildings.

More from ... Cynthia Kroet

question: Who is Yvan Mayeur?

answer: Brussels Mayor

question: Who is interviewing Mayeur?

answer: De Morgen newspaper is interviewing Mayeur one year after the terror attacks.

question: What is Mayeur denying?

answer: Claims that his city, Brussels, is the capital of Jihad.

question: What is Mayeur's city facing?

answer: A shortage of police officers to cope with the burden of extra security measures/

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Mayor Yvan Mayeur defends his city of Brussels, denying claims that the city is the capital of jihad. In his interview with the De Morgen newspaper, one year after the terror attacks, Mayeur said that the Belgium capital has a problem with extremist Islam.


text:
_LUCAN_ is a TV drama starring Kevin Brophy that aired on ABC from 1977 to 1978. The series was based on an earlier May 22, 1977, made-for-TV movie of the same name directed by David Greene starring John Randolph and Kevin Brophy, along with Stockard Channing, Ned Beatty and Lou Frizzell.[1]

Synopsis

A 20-year-old man (Brophy) who spent the first 10 years of his life running wild in the forests of northern Minnesota, after being raised by wolves, Lucan is taken to a research institute and taught the ways of human society. He is befriended by a kind researcher, Doctor Hoagland (John Randolph), with whom he bonded during his journey to civilization. Lucan's continued freedom at the research center is put in peril once his doctor friend and mentor is hurt.

Unable to ensure Lucan's well-being at the institute, his friend encourages him to strike out on his own in search of his identity and family. The series chronicled the encounters, challenges, and intrigues Lucan faced interacting with people using his new learned social graces and old Wolfen instincts. He is also pursued by a bounty hunter, Prentiss (Don Gordon), who is hired by the university to bring him back. (The last four episodes of the series altered the premise to reveal that Lucan was actually on the run from the police for a crime he didn't commit. Prentiss was made a police lieutenant charged with bringing Lucan in for trial for a murder case.)

Lucan did have special Wolfen skills that were invoked when he was made very angry. When upset to the point of violence his eyes glowed amber. He also had heightened senses of smell and hearing. In a few episodes he was able to call on his old wolf family/pack for help.

Broadcast

The series had an erratic broadcast history.

1.  _Listen to the Heart Beat_ 12 September 1977
2.  _The Search_ 26 December 1977
3.  _The Lost Boy 2_ January 1978
4.  _How Do You Run Forever?_ 9 January 1978
5.  _One-Punch Wolfson_ 16 January 1978
6.  _You Can't Have My Baby_ 13 March 1978
7.  _The Pariah_ 27 March 1978
8.  _Nightmare_ 13 November 1978
9.  _Brother Wolf_ 20 November 1978
10. _The Creature Beyond the Door_ 27 November 1978
11. _Thunder God Gold_ 4 December 1978

In 1977, it was shown on Monday night at 8 PM Eastern Standard Time, 7 Central.

Merchandise

A novel based on the pilot TV-movie was released as well as a board game based on the show.

DVD release

On April 3, 2018, Warner Bros. released _Lucan- The Complete Series_ on DVD via their Warner Archive Collection. This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available through Warner's online store.[2]

[1]

[2] Lucan: The Complete Series

title: Lucan (TV series)

question: Why must Lucan be taught to understand the ways of human society?

answer: He was raised by wolves and so he hasn't been taught the ways of human society

question: How many episodes were there in the series about Lucan?

answer: 11

question: What triggered Wolfen skills in Lucan?

answer: Anger

question: Did Lucan lose contact with his wolf pack?

answer: No, he didn't he was able to call on their help from time to time.

question: Why did Lucan leave the institute?

answer: His friend and mentor could no longer guarantee his safety and encouraged him to leave.

question: Why were the police after Lucan?

answer: They wanted to put him on trial for murder.