text:
SUPPLIED

Traffic was at a standstill around Wellington's Customhouse Quay on Friday afternoon after a speeding driver got into an ugly fight with the man who confronted him.

The man at the centre of a road rage incident on Wellington's Lambton Quay, which left two people in hospital, has been charged with reckless driving and assault with intent to injure.

Police confirmed on Saturday that charges had been laid over the incident and that further charges were likely to follow.

Two men were taken to hospital on Friday night after a man seen driving at dangerously high speeds through downtown Wellington allegedly assaulted a man who complained about his driving.

A witness described seeing a man in a red Mini speeding down Willis St at about 4.30pm on Friday at "about 120kms and almost hit people and cars".

"Finally he stopped, and the courier driver he almost hit chased the car and took his keys," she said.

"The bad guy chased the courier driver into a building, beat him up, then jumped from the second floor and broke what appeared to be both his legs."

READ MORE:
* LABOUR WEEKEND TRAFFIC IN NZ 'OK SO FAR'
* RECKLESS DRIVING SHOCKS POLICE AS NEAR-MISS CAUGHT ON CAMERA AT WELLINGTON INTERSECTION
* LOADED GUN FOUND AFTER HIGH-SPEED WELLINGTON POLICE CHASE
* STOLEN CAR CHASE GOES WRONG-WAY AROUND BASIN RESERVE
* BYSTANDERS LEAP FOR THEIR LIVES IN WELLINGTON WATERFRONT CAR CHASE

"The bad guy crawled out on to Customhouse Quay where we had to restrain him until the police arrived."

Witness Jack Price was crossing on the green man in Willis St when the car came within a metre of hitting him.

"He almost killed me, I swear to God, I reckon he was going about 80kmh," Price said.

Another witness said it was very lucky no-one was killed.

"I've never seen anything so dangerous. Crazy driving with people having to jump out of the way."

Police confirmed the man was in a small red car, driving northbound at excessive speeds along Willis St through a southbound bus lane.

"Several pedestrians had to move out of the way to avoid being hit as he went through red lights.

"The speeder was stopped in traffic merging onto Customhouse Quay and was then confronted by a man about his manner of driving.

"He abandoned his vehicle and followed the man into a nearby building, where an alleged assault has occurred."

Police arrived at the scene to find the alleged offender with injuries as he left the building.

The man is currently under police supervision in hospital with moderate to serious injuries.

The other man, who was still inside, was taken to hospital for observation.

Stuff

question: What is the main topic of the article?

answer: The article is about a road-rage incident that hospitalized two people.

question: What was the man who was speeding driving?

answer: He was driving a red Mini.

question: Did the man who was speeding hit any pedestrians?

answer: No. He came very close to hitting pedestrians; people had to jump out of the way.

question: Who was hospitalized?

answer: The driver was stopped in traffic when an observer confronted the man about his driving. The driver chased the observer into a building, allegedly beat him up, and then jumped from the second floor apparently breaking both his legs. The driver and the observer were sent to the hospital.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: A driver in a red Mini, was speeding down Willis St. He came very close to hitting pedestrians. The driver was stopped in traffic when an observer confronted the man about his driving. The driver chased the observer into a building, allegedly beat him up, and then jumped from the second floor apparently breaking both his legs. The driver and the observer were sent to the hospital.


split: train

text:
Skip to content

[Bleeding Cool News and Rumors]

[]

A lot of people have strong opinions on the success of BEN AFFLECK as Batman in _Batman v. Superman_ and _Justice League_, but the actor who played Batman prior to Affleck hasn't even watched one of the movies. CHRISTIAN BALE recently revealed that he hasn't seen Affleck's portrayal of Batman because his interest waned after watching the trailer for the movie.

"I have not [seen Ben Affleck's Batman]," Bale said on the Happy Sad Confused podcast as transcribed by physics-themed pop entertainment blog Collider. "Yes I'm interested [in seeing it], my son seemed like he was really interested, but then I realized he just wanted to see the trailer and that was it — I tend to go see films that [my kids] want to see."

Double diss! It looks like Christian Bale's son also lost interest after the trailer, since Bale points out that he tends to go see films his kids want to see, and he never ended up seeing _Batman v. Superman_ or _Justice League_. But it's not Ben Affleck that Bale has a problem with specifically. Instead, it turns out, he simply doesn't care for superhero movies at all (unless, of course, they star Christian Bale).

"I have to confess I'm not a huge superhero film fan," Bale continued. "People seem surprised at that, I don't know why. I've not seen any of the _Avengers_ films or any of those films at all. I hear they're very good, but I'm quite happy just hearing they're very good."

Mercifully, Bale didn't mention what he'd heard about the quality of _Justice League_.

[Bat-Drama Alert: Christian Bale Hasn't Watched Ben Affleck Batman Movies, Not a Fan of Superheroes]

A prophecy once said that in the comic book industry's darkest days, a hero would come to lead the people through a plague of overpriced floppies, incentive variant covers, #1 issue reboots, and super-mega-crossover events.

Sadly, that prophecy was wrong. Oh, Jude Terror was right. For ten years. About everything. But nobody listened. And so, Jude Terror has moved on to a more important mission: turning Bleeding Cool into a pro wrestling dirt sheet!

question: Who played Batman after Christian Bale?

answer: Ben Affleck

question: Why hasn't Christian Bale seen Batman v. Superman and Justice League?

answer: He only watches movies that his kids want to see. Christian claims he and his son wanted to see the two films, but when his son saw the trailers and lost interest, Christian did too.

question: What did Christian Bale confess to?

answer: He is not a huge superhero film fan.

question: What is Christian Bale happy about with regards to superhero films like the Avengers?

answer: He's just happy to hear that they're good films without really watching them.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: According to the article, former Batman actor Christian Bale hasn't seen any movies with Ben Affleck's take on the popular DC superhero. Bale says he skipped watching Batman v. Superman and Justice League after his initial interest waned because his son lost interest in the movies after seeing the trailer. Bale says that he only watches films his kids want to see. Bale goes to confess that he isn't a huge superhero fan in general, despite playing Batman three times, and hasn't even seen movies like The Avengers. He says he is happy to hear that these movies are good without really seeing them.


text:
[Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov Portrait of Tchaikovsky (detail) (1893)]

Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov, _Portrait of Tchaikovsky_ (detail) (1893)
Photo: RIA Novosti/Alamy via the _Guardian_.

Russia and the UK are embarking on an unprecedented cultural exchange whereby London’s National Portrait Gallery and Moscow’s State Tretyakov Gallery will swap some of their most precious portraits.

Marking the 160th anniversary of both museums, the State Tretyakov Gallery will send portraits of important Russian cultural figures—including Leo Tolstoy, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and Modest Mussorgsky—to London, while the National Portrait Gallery (NPG) will send paintings of William Shakespeare, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Thomas Carlyle to Moscow.

“These two exhibitions in London and Moscow form an important cultural exchange for both institutions,” Nicholas Cullinan, director of the National Portrait Gallery in London, said in statement. The exhibition “Russia and the Arts: The Age of Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky” will open at the London museum on March 17, 2016.

[Ilia Repin Portrait of Modest Mussorgsky (detail) (1881) ]

Ilya Repin, _Portrait of Modest Mussorgsky_ (detail) (1881).
Photo: National Portrait Gallery.

Zelfira Tregulova, director of the the State Tretyakov Gallery, added that the deal marks “the start of a bright new chapter in the history of cultural cooperation between our two countries.”

The significance of the exchange is exemplified by the quality of the artworks involved in the swap. Vasily Perov’s painting of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky is the only portrait of the writer and is considered a Russian national treasure. The painting is almost never sent out on loan, and was last shown publicly in Britain in 1959. “It is the sort of picture that every single Russian schoolchild knows,” Rosalind Blakesley, curator of the London exhibition, told the_Guardian._

[Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger Queen Elizabeth I ('The Ditchley portrait') (1592) Photo: National Portrait Gallery]

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, _Queen Elizabeth I_ (the “Ditchley portrait”) (1592).
Photo: National Portrait Gallery.

The curators at the National Portrait Gallery have chosen to highlight paintings from one of Russia’s most important cultural eras, around 50 years before the 1917 revolution. Whilst writers such as Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy and composers such as Tchaikovsky are well-known in the west, painters such as Ilya Repin, Mikhail Vrubel, and Alexander Serov are often overlooked due to the popularity of the Russian avant-garde painters such as Kazimir Malevich and Wassily Kandinsky.

Manwhile, the State Tretyakov’s curators have chosen to borrow a broader selection of portraits from British history, including portraits of Charles Dickens, Isaac Newton, and Charles Darwin.

[Attributed to John Taylor William Shakespeare(ca. 1610) Photo: National Portrait Gallery]

Attributed to John Taylor, _William Shakespeare _(ca. 1610).
Photo: National Portrait Gallery.

Muscovites can look forward to seeing British masterpieces including the iconic _Chandos_ portrait of Shakespeare—attributed to John Taylor, and actually the NPG’s first acquisition back in 1856—the “Ditchley portrait” of Elizabeth I, by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, and Joshua Reynolds’ self portrait as a young man.

According to Blakesley, Russians have a strong interest in British culture. There have been several cultural exchanges between the two nations of late, although none have been as significant as this agreement.

Some recent exchanges include a loan of Scottish designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s work from Glasgow’s School of Art to Moscow’s Kremlin Museum in September 2014, the British Museum’s controversial loan of the Greek Elgin Marbles to Russia’s State Hermitage Museum in December 2014, and the loan of a collection of Wedgwood China from Liverpool’s Lady Lever Art Gallery to Moscow’s All-Russian Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art in January 2015.

_Follow artnet News on Facebook:_

_Want to stay ahead of the art world? Subscribe to our newsletter to get the breaking news, eye-opening interviews, and incisive critical takes that drive the conversation forward._

question: What galleries are exchanging portraits?

answer: London's National Portrait Gallery and Moscow's State Tretyakov Gallery will be exchanging paintings.

question: What is the exhibition titled?

answer: The exhibition in London is titled "Russia and the Arts: The Age of Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky."

question: Which artists' works are being sent to the UK?

answer: Some artists include Vasily Perov, Ilya Repin, and Mikhail Vrubel.

question: Which artists' works are being sent to Russia?

answer: Some artists include John Taylor, Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, and Joshua Reynolds.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: London's National Portrait Gallery and Moscow's State Treyakov Gallery are taking part in an unprecedented cultural exchange, whereby they will swap some of their most precious portraits.


text:
GHISLAIN or GILAIN DE SART (1379–1444) was Chancellor of Brabant from 1429 to 1431, effectively ruling the Duchy of Brabant for some months in 1430.[1]

Life

Gilain was born in Sart, Brabant, in 1379. In 1396 he matriculated at the University of Cologne.[2] In 1408 he was appointed to a prebend of Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège, and in 1411 to a canonry in the Royal Church of St Mary in Aachen. He also briefly became attached to the household of Pierre d'Ailly. A career ecclesiastic, although only in minor orders, he amassed a number of clerical livings, including a canonry of the Church of St. Denis in Liège. When John of Walenrode, Prince-Bishop of Liège, died in 1419, de Sart acquired his private library.

Under Walenrode's successor, John of Heinsberg, de Sart was appointed chancellor of the prince-bishopric. In 1428 he was also appointed to the council of Philip I, Duke of Brabant, and in 1429 Chancellor of Brabant, resigning the chancellorship of Liège. At Philip's death without immediate heir, the government devolved upon de Sart until the succession was settled. The new duke, Philip the Good, relieved de Sart not only of the regency but also of the chancellorship, reinstating his rival Joannes Bont.

In 1433 De Sart matriculated at the University of Leuven, where the Faculty of Theology had just opened. By 1437 he was living in retirement in Liège.

In 1442 he was present in the entourage of John of Heinsberg at the coronation in Aachen of Frederick III as King of the Romans. As a canon of the Royal Church of St Mary it was he who heard the emperor's confession before the beginning of the ceremony.[3]

He died in Liège on 16 June 1444.

[1] A. de Geradon, “L'étrange carrière du chanoine Gilain de Sart, chancelier de Liège et de Brabant”, _Bulletin de l'Institut archéologique liégeois_ 88 (1976), pp. 129-135.

[2] Geradon, 125.

[3] Geradon, 146.

title: Gilain de Sart

question: Who was Ghislain (Gilain) de Sart?

answer: Gilain de Sart was Chancellor of Brabant from 1429 to 1431; he effectively ruled the Duchy of Brabant for months in 1430.

question: Whose private library did he acquire?

answer: He acquired John of Walenrode's library.

question: What did Philip the Good do with regard to Sart?

answer: Philip the Good relieved Sart of the regency and the chancellorship.

question: What did Sart do of significance in 1442?

answer: He heard the emperor's confession at his coronation.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Gilain de Sart was Chancellor of Brabant from 1429 to 1431; he effectively ruled the Duchy of Brabant for months in 1430.


text:
Lake Elmo City Council member Anne Smith has been hit with a political smear — a faked photo on Facebook showing her with a Confederate flag.

Smith said Wednesday that she was appalled when she saw the photo a day earlier.

“That someone would stoop to this level is heinous,” Smith said. “Someone is trying to destroy me. This is defamation.”

The Washington County sheriff’s office confirmed Wednesday that it was investigating the hoax.

Smith said someone apparently created the bogus photo, then signed onto Facebook using her name with the photo as her profile shot.

The photo was quickly removed after it was spotted by an administrator of the “We Love Lake Elmo” Facebook page, said page co-founder Wally Nelson.

Nelson, a political foe of Smith, said the page is a politically neutral community forum, but it is dominated by comments opposing Smith.

Nelson, a former council member who lost his seat in the November election, said he didn’t know if the origins of the photo could be traced.

The “We Love Lake Elmo” page was established in April, when hundreds of Lake Elmo residents protested the departure of city administrator Dean Zuleger, a move supported by Smith.

The site’s 252 members include many outspoken opponents of Smith.

The Confederate battle flag has come under scrutiny in the weeks since nine black churchgoers were fatally shot during a Bible study in Charleston, S.C. Dylann Storm Roof, a white man whose Facebook page showed him posing with the flag, is charged in the deaths, and authorities are investigating the killings as a hate crime.

This month, South Carolina removed the flag from its Statehouse grounds, saying it had become a symbol of the South’s racist past. In Alabama, the governor ordered four Confederate banners removed from a Confederate monument at its state Capitol.

Smith said that linking her to the flag is an attempt to politically wound her.

“The purpose is to defame and embarrass me into resigning,” Smith said. “I have done nothing wrong, and I am not going to resign.”

In September, Jill Lundgren, an ally of Smith, also fell victim to an online hoax as she ran for Lake Elmo City Council: A website — jilllundgren.com — had been set up to post lies and half-truths about her.

Lundgren won the election in November, but the perpetrator of the hoax was never found.

Smith said Wednesday that the same person could be responsible for both Internet hoaxes.

This report includes information from the Associated Press.

Bob Shaw can be reached at 651-228-5433. Follow him at twitter.com/BshawPP.

question: What is the story about?

answer: A Lake Elmo City Council member, Anne Smith, has been hit with a political smear.

question: Where was the photo posted?

answer: The photo was posted on a "We Love Lake Elmo" Facebook page.

question: What is the controversy?

answer: The controversy is that a picture of councilmember, Anne Smith, was faked and posted on the city's Facebook page in an attempt to politically smear her. She believes it was done to embarrass her into resigning.

question: Why does the article introduce the hate crime killings in South Carolina?

answer: The killer was a white man who posed with a Confederate flag. Since then, the flag has come under scrutiny and has been removed from State grounds in South Carolina. Smith says the photoshopped picture of her with the Confederate flag was an attempt to politically wound her.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A Lake Elmo City Council member, Anne Smith, has been hit with a political smear. A picture of councilmember, Anne Smith, was faked and posted on the city's Facebook page in an attempt to politically smear her. She believes it was done to embarrass her into resigning.


text:
GALLOWS DEAD OAK HOLLOW HAUNTED FARM (CANCELLED)
VENUE: Hexed Haunted Atraction (formerly Gallows), Elliston
DATE: Friday, October 7, 2016
TIME: 7:00 - 10:30 PM
EVENT TYPES: Miscellaneous
COST:

Admission:
• Standard Admission: $15.00
• VIP Admission: $30.00
• Ultimate Gallows Experience: $40.00

Child Group Necklace: $5.00
Parking: $5.00

DESCRIPTION:
NOTE: Due to the weather, this event has been cancelled.

Gallows Dead Oak Hollow Haunted Farm is back and ready for 2016 with revamped haunted attractions every Friday and Saturday in October starting on Friday, September 30th through Saturday, October 29th from 7-11 pm nightly. Tours will also be available on Sunday, October 30, 2016.

Virginia’s most terrifying haunt is back for 2016! This year we have four all new, over the top terrifying attractions for one price! Come see why Gallows is Virginia's #1 haunted house!

Attractions for 2016 include:
• Purgatory
• Scarecrow's Harvest
• Massacre at 266
• Inbred Jed's Hospitality Shed

To preview the back story of Gallows and the Woodson Massacre, here is a link to a short film: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Db1b47ffMXA.

Tickets are available in three options. General admission, VIP admission and the Ultimate Gallows Experience. VIP admission allows you to skip the line. The Ultimate Gallows Experience is only for ages 18 & above, allows you to skip the line, includes ton of extra terror (patrons will be touched and get dirty) and includes a t-shirt.

For the Ultimate Gallows Experience patrons must present a valid ID and sign a waiver.

A group discount rate for 10 or more is also available.

To purchase tickets in advance and online, visit: https://fearthegallows.ticketleap.com/gallows-2016/.

Parking is $5.00 and closes at 10 pm.

Group sizes for the haunted tour are generally 4-8 people at one time.

Kids are welcome provided they are with a guardian and are strongly encouraged to purchase a Kid Friendly Necklace to wear so their group's experience is at a lower scare than normal. The Kid Friendly Necklace is $5.00.

Costumes are not allowed on the tours unless announced on social media for special impromptu costume contest nights.

No photographs or videos are allowed inside the attractions. Outside the haunt, photos and videos are encouraged.

Gallows is located at 2059 Burkette Road in Elliston, VA.

For more information, visit: http://www.fearthegallows.com/ or https://www.facebook.com/FearTheGallows or call 540-998-3327.

question: How much was the parking at the hunted farm experience>?

answer: 5 dollars

question: Why has the event been canceled?

answer: Due to the weather.

question: What are some attractions that can be found at the haunted farm?

answer: Purgatory, Scarecrow's Harvest, Massacre at 266, Inbred Jed's Hospitality Shed

question: Can you buy tickets online?

answer: Yes

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Details and description for Gallows Dead Oak Hollow Haunted Farm.


text:
The 2000 WORLD OUTDOOR BOWLS CHAMPIONSHIP - WOMEN'S SINGLES was held in Moama, Australia from 8–25 March 2000.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

The gold medal was won by Margaret Johnston of Ireland.

Section tables

Section A

  Pos   Player               P    W   L   Pts   Shots |-align=center style=“background: #ADFFD6;”   1   Margaret Johnston   16            |-align=center style=“background: #E6B88A;”   2   Karina Horman   16
  ----- -------------------- ---- --- --- ----- --------------------------------------------------- --- ------------------- ---- -- -- -- --------------------------------------------- --- --------------- ---- -- -- -- --
  3     Margaret Letham      16
  4     Marlene Castle       16
  5     Carmen Anderson      16
  6     South Africa         16
  7     Geua Vada Tau        16
  8     Radhika Prasad       16
  9     Zimbabwe             16
  10    Hilda Luipa          16
  11    Renu Mohta           16
  12    Dorrien Ives         16
  13    Mata 'Kanny' Vaile   16
  14    R Tessensohn         16
  15    Katy Stone           16
  16    Netherlands          16
  17    Brazil               16

Section B

  Pos   Player                P    W   L   Pts   Shots |-align=center style=“background: #ADFFD6;”   1   Rita Jones   16            |-align=center style=“background: #E6B88A;”   2   Karen Murphy   16
  ----- --------------------- ---- --- --- ----- --------------------------------------------------- --- ------------ ---- -- -- -- --------------------------------------------- --- -------------- ---- -- -- -- --
  3     Jean Baker            16
  4     Karin McGravie        16
  5     Alison Merrien        16
  6     Ruth Gilor            16
  7     Maureen Burns         16
  8     Margaret Richards     16
  9     Nor Hashimah Ismail   16
  10    Jean Joubert          16
  11    Anna Clarke           16
  12    Alicia Goodliffe      16
  13    L Biasini             16
  14    Lynda Houghton        16
  15    J Healy               16
  16    P F Paulo             16
  17    C Ito                 16

Bronze Medal Match

Murphy bt Horman 21-4

Gold Medal Match

Johnston bt Jones 21-14

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

question: Where was the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship – Women's Singles held?

answer: Moama, Australia

question: When was the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship – Women's Singles held

answer: March 8 - 25, 2000

question: Who won the gold medal, who did she beat, and what was their final score?

answer: Margaret Johnston defeated Rita Jones, 21-14

question: Who won the bronze medal, who did she beat, and what was their final score?

answer: Karen Murphy defeated Karina Horman, 21-4

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship – Women's Singles was held in Moama, Australia from March 8 - 25, 2000. The gold medal was won by Margaret Johnston of Ireland by defeating Rita Jones, 21-14. Karen Murphy took home the bronze medal by beating Karina Horman, 21-4.


text:
The first day of the revolution was not a happy one.

Many of my neighbors were grey with anxiety as we lined up outside City Hall. It had been less than an hour since the military police had thrown down their weapons and surrendered. About a dozen men emerged from the destroyed police station with their arms raised. None were spared. For many of my friends, it was their first time committing murder. You could see it on their faces. Their lips quivered and their eyes sunk under the weight of their Catholic guilt. Despite all their talk, my friends did not yet have the stomach for murder. But I did.

There are many reasons why I was the de facto leader that day as we marched on City Hall. I had always been vocal dissident. I had lost my family and my farm to the regime. There was an American reporter in the village and I spoke the best English. Despite this, I suspect that I was able to lead because I was the only one in the village who had killed before. The thought makes my mouth go dry, but I fear it is true. Numbness to violence may be all a leader needs.

When we arrived at City Hall, I had the men of the town form an orderly line in front of the building. They stood ready with makeshift weapons; mostly gardening equipment. The men who had not fired a shot at the police station were placed closest to the door. They needed to share the responsibility of the revolution. They needed to taste murder.

The mayor and his staff did not leave the building immediately. My friends and neighbors grew impatient under the Latin American sun that beat down on them. I heard them muttering to each other, “Why don’t we drag them out?” or “Can’t we just burn this building down?” I continued to wait. It would be better this way.

After some time, the mayor emerged. He exited the building alone but, as he closed the doors behind him, we could see his staff waiting inside with terrified faces. I stood closest to the door, away from the ranks of townspeople standing before the building. The mayor dabbed the sweat from his light-brown forehead and approached me. He was dressed in his best clothes. I had forgotten that it was Sunday.

As the fat man came to a stop before me, I addressed him by his fist name, “Good afternoon, Guillermo.”

“And to you, Señor Alvaro,” he replied in a calm, subdued voice.
The only other man near us was the American reporter. He scribbled in his notepad, trying to translate despite his weak grasp on the Spanish language.

“It is a lovely day, isn’t it,” the mayor said, as if to himself.

“They are waiting,” I said, pointing to the crowd.

“They do not look very eager, Señor Alvaro. They seem more afraid than I am.”

“Then I will give them strength. That is what a true leader does.”

“A true leader,” Guillermo said thoughtfully. “Tell me, Señor Alvaro, are there any members of the military police still alive?”

I shook my head.

“Once the capital hears of this, they will burn this village to the ground. No amount of leadership can save you from their army. They will destroy each of those men and their farms. They will rape their wives and slaughter their children.”

“These are desperate times, Guillermo. You have pushed us to this level.”

Guillermo nodded sadly. “I am sorry you think that.” The mayor looked up at the gentle clouds and asked, “Is there any way I could convince you to spare the rest of the men in City Hall?”

I shook my head again.

“I didn’t think so.” Guillermo sighed before speaking again. “Very well. Give me a moment to prepare myself and I will go.”

“The people have waited long enough,” I said. “You go now.”

“You arrogant child,” Guillermo said, looking at me with scorn, “thinking you can command a dead man.”

The mayor looked at the crowd for a few seconds. Nobody spoke. Even the wind was silent.

“Are you ready?” I asked after almost a minute had gone by.

“No,” Guillermo said. “But I will go anyway. I encourage you to spare the rest of the men in City Hall. The army may be more lenient if you make this compromise.”

“There will be no compromise,” I declared with conviction. “Maybe greed has corrupted your judgment, Guillermo, but we will not show compassion for evil men. As long as we fight for a just cause, no army in the world can defeat us. That is something you can never understand.”

He did not look at me with disgust, anger, or disdain. Looking into his eyes, I saw sadness.

“Tanto orgullo,” he said to me. “Te destruirá, hijo.”

Without another word, he walked towards the crowd. The men raised their weapons, but none wanted to take the first swing. The mayor did not slow. It looked as if he would walk right through the crowd. At last, one man brought a shovel down on Guillermo’s head. He fell to one knee as blood shot from the wound. Another man struck him in the side and the mayor was on his back. The mob began to form a circle around him.

“What was the last thing he said?” the American reporter said behind me.

“Such pride,” I said as I watched the bloodlust spread through the crowd. “It will destroy you, child.”

title: Such Pride (<900 words)

question: Why was the narrator so convinced in the righteousness of what he is doing?

answer: Probably because he is the leader and does not have any choice but to proceed with the plan.

question: Why is the narrator unwilling to spare the lives of the civilians with the Mayor?

answer: The narrator believes they are evil and deserve to die.


text:
Jack stood underneath the dripping wet, plastic roof that covered the bench at the bus station on the corner of Jackson Ave and Wilmont Street.  It had been nine years since he had last seen Rachel, and he didn’t know what he was supposed to be thinking.  This was a girl whom he had engaged to, a girl whom he had lived with, and the first real love of his life.  Nine years ago, he would’ve traded anything in the world to have a better life with her, but now, she was just a distant memory.

Jack waited in the rainy weather for 15 minutes before his bus finally arrived.  To him, those 15 minutes felt like 3 hours.  He had been thinking about her for a few days now, and now he was fighting that one tiny part of him that still had feelings to her.  It took him nearly a year to move on with his life when she had left him, and the last eight years had filled with very little thought of her.  He had moved on, he was certain of that, but now that she was brought back into his mind, he began to reminisce on the six great years that he had spent with her.  It didn’t end like he had hoped, and things were never fixed between the two of them, but that was okay.  He accepted the fact that she wasn’t the one, and he had moved on years ago, but it all came flooding back now.

At the bus stop, Jack had been thinking about the fabulous college years that he and Rachel had spent together.  There trip to France after junior year, the promise they made to each other to spend eternity together one night when they were studying of their Biology midterm, even the times they would sneak away behind Rachel’s dorm to umm, “talk”.  But the arrival of the bus broke his daze, and when he sat down and the bus began moving again, he remembered why he and Rachel ended the way they did.  They fought, they yelled, they disagreed, they lied, they snuck around behind each other’s backs, they cheated.  The cheating wasn’t very prominent though, Jack once met a beautiful girl at a party during his first year in college, and Rachel decided to let loose the summer after her senior year in high school.  The same high school the two had met at, and had begun dating in right before graduation.  Jack had always thought that the happiness that they felt when they were alone, the constant want to be with each other, and the seemingly quick makeups and the similar life goals would be enough to keep them together forever, but it wasn’t.  Rachel got so mad once, that she decided to skip out on the trip to Jack’s home for Thanksgiving, and she flew across the country to her other friends instead.

The final breaking point came a little more than a year after the two had graduated from college.  Jack went on a trip to Prague with some of his pals from Law School, and Rachel wanted to forget about him for the week.  Rachel went to some clubs with some of her friends, the same friends that Jack never liked, and Jack found out.  Jack didn’t mention it for quite some time, but when Rachel yelled at Jack for not letting her go out on a Friday night, Jack brought up the clubbing.  Rachel, frustrated, stormed out of their apartment, and never moved back.  A week later, Rachel called up Jack, and asked him to bring her her clothes.  A week after that, the two sat down for a real talk.  Jack tries to blur the talk out of his mind, because everything seemed so simple and happy then, and when he looks back on it, it makes him miserable.  Jack only remembers the end, in which Rachel claimed that she in no way wanted to end their relationship, and that Jack meant the world to her.  Rachel just needed some time alone, and Jack knew that he had to give her that much.

As time passed, Jack slowly started to realize that Rachel wasn’t coming back to him.  All the little inconsistencies in their relationship added up, and it just wasn’t fun for her anymore.  Jack was miserable for these couple of months.  About three months after their “break” had commenced, Rachel called Jack.  She was two months pregnant, and she was keeping the baby.  Rachel told him that she was sorry, but it was something she had to do at the time.  The father was just some random guy Rachel met at a party, and the fact that Rachel, the girl who Jack stole the virginity of, and whom did the same to him, would just go out and sleep with another guy almost right away.  Jack had an anger inside of him that was raging so badly that he told Rachel to never talk to him again.  Rachel didn’t beg for forgiveness, but she asked for it.  She told him she knew she was wrong, but she knew that everything was over.  That was the last time Jack talked to Rachel, and the words that he last said still haunted his mind “I gave you everything, but all you wanted was a bottle of vodka and some unprotected sex.  Goodbye Rachel.”

This was nine years ago, almost to the day, and the intense memory of Jack’s life as he had known for six years ending so quickly and heartbreakingly ate at him do this day; that’s why Jack didn’t like to think about her, or how it ended. But he couldn’t avoid it anymore, and he had to face the things that had scared him.  Jack never met the baby, but he had learned his name.  Jonathan.  He always found it funny that she named it something similar to his name, but his name was Jack, so he never felt like it was really named after him.  Jack ran into one of Rachel’s friends a few years back and learned that she never married, she never even told anyone, except her parents, who the father was.  Jack felt urged to ask about the alleged party that Rachel had met this guy at, but decided against it.  Rachel’s friend mentioned how Rachel only went out with them twice after their breakup, she was either crying, or pregnant the rest of the time, and refused to go out.  Oddly enough, Jack was disappointed that the things Rachel left him for she was never able to have.  It made it all seem pointless to him.

Jack never contacted Rachel after that night where she told him he was pregnant.  He once received a Christmas card from Rachel and Jonathan, but that was only once, and he never sent one to them.  Jack was honestly quite nervous knowing that in a less than an hour, he would be meeting the kid.  For some reason, he wanted Jonathan to like him, he didn’t know why, but he did.

Before Jack knew it, his twenty minutes bus ride was over, and he needed to get off the bus.  Jack walked a few blocks, and then reached the building that he was supposed to enter.  He double checked the address one more time, he had it right.  Jack tightened his silk, black tie, put his phone in his jacket pocket, and entered.  The minute he entered, his heart sank.  Jack began to cry, and he began to cry harder than he had ever cried in his life.  The breakup, the pregnancy, not even the call he had gotten the previous week to come had made him as emotional as he was right then and there.  Jack gathered up all the strength in him, and walked forwards.  He saw the sweet, innocent face of the first girl he had ever loved from across the room.  Those soft, tender, rose like lips that had gently pressed upon his more times than he could ever imagine now sat still, perfectly dressed with a light layer of pink lipstick.  Jack bit his lip, clenched his fist, and did everything he could to keep himself composed.

Jack walked with a slow pace, and went over to where Rachel was.  He took the single red rose out of his jacket, and prepared to give it to her.  When he was finally within a foot of her, he stopped walking.  He didn’t say a word.  Jack stared at Rachel for a few seconds, and then gently kissed her on the forehead.  Immediately afterwards, while still feeling the tickle in his throat that made him want to cry, he placed the rose down softly inside the casket.  “Goodbye Rachel, I will always remember you” were the only words he muttered before walking away.

Jack couldn’t bear to stay longer to talk to Rachel’s family, but was stopped by her mother before he could sneak out.  “Jack” she said, “wouldn’t you like to meet your son?”  And slowly from behind Rachel’s mom’s leg, a slim, blonde haired, nine year old boy walked out.  “This is Jonathan” Rachel’s mom said slowly, “he’s been waiting to meet you”.

title: This is my first ever shot at a short story. It's called "The Missed Chance".

question: Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: Jack, Rachel, Jonathan

question: What is Jack's relationship with Rachel?

answer: They were high school sweethearts who dated in college but broke up after they both graduated.

question: Why did they break up?

answer: When Jack went to Prague with his law school buddies, Rachel went clubbing with friends Jack never liked and he found out.

question: Who is Jonathan?

answer: He is Rachel and Jack's son, but she chose not to tell Jack and raised the boy alone.

question: Write a ~8 sentence summary.

answer: Jack and Rachel were high school sweethearts who dated in college and had a pretty normal relationship, full of love, want, fighting, and quickly making up. Things fall apart after they graduate from college when Jack goes to Prague with his law school friends and Rachel goes clubbing with friends Jack doesn't approve of. Jack finds out, they argue, and Rachel storms out, never to come back to their apartment again. Three months after they broke up, Rachel calls Jack to say she's pregnant, but the baby isn't his. Jack is livid and never wants to talk to her again. Jack abstains from contacting Rachel, but would sometimes hear news about her, and even got a Christmas card from her and Jonathan once, but he never sent one back. Nine years later, a heartbroken Jack attends Rachel's funeral and says goodbye to her one last time. He meets his son, Jonathan, now nine, for the first time.


text:
Note: The Times Union is not responsible for posts and comments written by non-staff members.

[tofu1]People always want to know what I eat for breakfast. I mean without eggs, or milk sloshing over a sugary cereal (lots of commercial breakfast cereals are accidentally vegan, by the way, even Cocoa Puffs) what the heck do I eat, right?

Well here is the short list:
SMOOTHIES
OVERNIGHT OATS
FRENCH TOAST
PANCAKES
TOFU SCRAMBLE.

Tofu what?! Oh, that’s just nonsense you say? Guess what? It’s the exact opposite of nonsense. Tofu scramble is nutrient-packed with vitamins, fiber and protein. And it’s not hard at all to make. The ingredients are simple and I promise, no weird tofu-pressing rituals either! (*See below)

Here is how I throw together my tofu scramble a couple of mornings each week. You can also have most of this prepped up the night before, drain the beans, chop up the veggies, store in the fridge. You can buy tofu already cubed or you can just crumble it into your pan.

You can also wilt some spinach into this, or switch up the veggies and spices. Sometimes I do an Italian-style scramble. Use sundried tomatoes, fresh basil and white beans. This recipe is a compilation of many recipes I’ve eaten in restaurants or have seen in cookbooks. This one in particular is inspired by the tofu scrambles of my favorite vegan cookbook author Isa Chandra Moskowitz. (Buy all of her cookbooks, she makes cooking vegan easy and her recipes are never-fail.)

TOFU SCRAMBLE

1/2 a large onion, chopped
1 red bell pepper, chopped
2-3 cloves garlic, minced

1/2 tsp tumeric
1 tsp smoked paprika
1 tsp cumin

1 package extra firm tofu, diced into cubes (or crumbled)

1/3 cup water
1/4 cup nutritional yeast

1 can black beans, drained and rinsed
salt and pepper
10 or so grape tomatoes, sliced
scallions

Spray a non-stick skillet with cooking spray, and cook onion and red pepper over medium high heat until slightly softened. Add garlic and spices, cook one minute more. Add water and tofu.

Cook a few minutes and reduce heat to medium. Cook for about 10 more minutes, then add nutritional yeast (if not using the nutritional yeast, you can use reduce water to a tablespoon or two, you just want to de-glaze the pan a bit and make sure it doesn’t get dry.)

Mix everything together, add the beans, and cook for another 5 minutes. Toss in tomatoes and add salt and pepper to taste.

Garnish with sliced scallions.

*Always use extra firm tofu in your tofu scrambles. When removing from the package, drain the water out and pick up the block of tofu and give it a light squeeze between your palms. Don’t squeeze hard enough to break it. You can also buy extra firm tofu already cubed and all you have to do is drain it out in a colander.

Aspiring to be vegan, but tofu isn’t your thing? Stay tuned for next Friday’s Food for Thought post, when I introduce The Vegan Egg!
[the vegan egg1]

question: Are Cocoa Puffs vegan?

answer: According to the author, yes.

question: Who is Isa Chandra Moskowitz?

answer: A vegan cookbook author.

question: What ingredients do you need to make a tofu scramble?

answer: Onion, bell pepper, garlic, turmeric, smoked paprika, cumin, extra firm tofu, water, nutritional yeast, black beans, grape tomatoes, scallions, salt, and pepper.

question: Is tofu scramble hard to make?

answer: According to the author, no.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The text is a recipe for a tofu scramble (vegan).


text: A short ~15 minute exposure (30 exposures of 30 seconds each stacked) star trail shot from Trillium Lake, Oregon looking north towards Mt. Hood. The lights from Timberline Lodge shine brightly on the mountain and reflected in the lake. There was supposed to be a very strong aurora this night, but none appeared. Eventually the moon rose (light coming from the right of the image) and I decided to do this quick timelapse to create star trails.

question: How long is the exposure?

answer: It is a short 15 minute exposure

question: What setting is being referenced here?

answer: Trillium Lake, Oregon

question: What reflected in the lake?

answer: The lights from Timberline Lodge shone brightly on the mountain and reflected in the lake.

question: What did the narrator's quick time-lapse create?

answer: It created star trails.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the narrator's shots of the stars across Trillium Lake in Oregon.


text:
[Robert Lea]

SIX YEARS AGO PHYSICISTS AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER ANNOUNCED THE DISCOVERY OF THE HIGGS BOSON. A PARTICLE WHICH ESSENTIALLY COMPLETED AND CONFIRMED THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS. SINCE THAT DISCOVERY, RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN SOMEWHAT DISAPPOINTED THAT THE STUDY OF THE PARTICLE HAS NOT LEAD TO NEW AVENUES IN PHYSICS.

BUT THAT MAY BE ABOUT TO CHANGE.

[Image for post]

Detecting double-Higgs bosons
Some researchers at the LHC now hope to narrow their ‘Higgs search’ down to searching for collisions that create pairs of the particle rather than single examples. A conference was held at the Fermilab, Illinois, last week in which over 100 physicists met to discuss the conceptual requirements of detecting double-Higgs events.

In doing so they hope to unlock new aspects of particle physics including new particles it may also answer one of the most fundamental questions in cosmology; why is there more matter in the universe than antimatter?

The Standard Model of Particle Physics explains how various particles interact via three of the four fundamental forces of nature; electromagnetism, the strong-nuclear-force and the weak-nuclear-force. As yet the model doesn’t include any interactions driven by gravity.

The mathematics that governs the Standard Model relies on fundamental symmetries that determine which interactions are possible (or impossible). There’s just one hitch. This mathematical background relies on the principle that particles begin their existence without mass. Mass must emerge latter in particle creation as a result of an interaction with a field that exists in space, much like an electromagnetic field.

This means there must be a particle that acts as a ‘messenger’ for this interaction. Much in the way that the photon is the messenger in interactions involving the electromagnetic field and the electron indicates its presence, physicists needed a particle to act in the same way for this mass-granting- field, later named the Higgs field as a result of the work of British theoretical physicist, Peter Higgs.

The search was on for the Higgs boson. The latter half of the name resulting from the fact that all force-carrying particles are bosons, particles made up of an even number of Fermions.

[Image for post]

The CMS detector at CERN
The Higgs mechanism was confirmed in 2012 by the discovery of the Higgs boson by scientists at the LHC using the Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS). The particle had the predicted mass of Higgs boson, 133 times that of the proton, and produced the required daughter particles as a result of its decay.

What distinguishes the Higgs field from an electromagnetic field is that fact that in the presence of no electrons, an electromagnetic field disappears. The Higgs field, on the other hand, cannot disappear, as particles are continuing to appear with mass.

The Standard Model assumes that the Higgs field’s staying power is directly related to the fact that it interacts with itself and can, therefore, take a non-zero strength. This means that the collisions that create the Higgs boson must occasionally produce double particles.

Unfortunately, such occurrences would be extremely rare, approximately 6 in 10,000 collisions producing the required particle cascade.

A further difficulty in detecting such pairs, aside from their scarcity, is the fact that such an event would produce a multitude of other particles, thus making it extremely difficult for researchers to pick to the signal from the double-Higgs. It’s likely that the LHC has already produced a multitude of such events, but ALTAS and CMS are not yet powerful enough to detect the required signal through the noise created by other particles.

[Image for post]

A 2016 collision seen by the ATLAS detector implies the decay of two Higgs bosons into bottom quarks (ATLAS Experiment, CERN)
But techniques used to identify Higgs bosons are improving and in August researchers at the LHC announced that they had detected the required ‘messy decay’ had would indicate the production of a double-Higgs. The decay involved the production of two bottom quarks, which are produced in approximately 60% of such events. This suggests a pair with at least one of the Higgs particles decaying in this way.

[Image for post]

A Feynman diagram of the collision which produces two bottom quarks from the Higgs boson (PhysRevD.93.014019)
Unfortunately, scientists will have to wait to search further. The LHC is set to shut down for upgrades for at least two-years before 2019. After opening again in 2020, the upgrade process will be repeated again at some point in 2026 with LHC lying idle for another two years.

These improvements will lead to the high-luminosity LHC producing vastly increased collision rates until 2034. After these improvements, researchers would hope to discover the creation of double-Higgs pairs at a higher rate than that predicted by the standard model as such an increase would indicate a strongly-interacting Higgs field.

This increase could also give an indication of particles beyond the Standard Model. A strongly interacting Higgs field may also imply why there is vastly more matter than anti-matter in the Universe.

Maria Carena, a theorist at Fermilab, suggests an answer to this conundrum. The sudden emergence of a strongly interacting Higgs-field may have “locked-in” such an imbalance in the early universe.

question: How is the existence of the Higgs boson assumed?

answer: Particles begin their existence without mass which emerges later as a result of an interaction with the Higgs field, and researchers concluded there must be a particle that acts as a ‘messenger’ for this interaction.

question: Now when the Higgs boson is discovered, what do scientists at the LHC want to find out?

answer: Scientists at the LHC search for collisions that create pairs of the particle named 'double-Higgs'.

question: What does the discovery of double-Higgs imply?

answer: The discovery of double-Higgs might answer why there is more matter than anti-matter in the Universe.

question: Is there a hypothesis that explains why there is more matter than anti-matter in the Universe?

answer: Maria Carena, a theorist at Fermilab, suggests that the sudden emergence of a strongly interacting Higgs-field may have “locked-in” such an imbalance of matter than anti-matter in the early universe.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The Higgs boson is discovered by scientists at the LHC, and now researchers search for collisions that create pairs of the particle. The Higgs field cannot disappear, and the Standard Model assumes that is because it interacts with itself, which means that the collisions that create the Higgs boson must occasionally produce double particles. Although this happens extremely rare and is difficult to detect, researchers at the LHC detected the required ‘messy decay’ that would indicate the production of a double-Higgs. The decay involved the production of two bottom quarks. Researchers hope to discover the creation of double-Higgs pairs at a higher rate than that predicted by the standard model, and such an increase could give an indication of particles beyond the Standard Model and answer why there is more matter than anti-matter in the Universe.


text:
ZOFIA GOMUŁKOWA or ZOFIA GOMUŁKA, born LIWA SZOKEN (12 May 1902 – 27 November 1986),[1] was a wife of First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party, Władysław Gomułka, leader of communist Poland from 21 October 1956 until 20 December 1970. Zofia was a pro-Soviet activist since the age of 18, as well as an executive member of the delegalized Communist Party of Poland(KPP) in the interwar period. After the Soviet takeover of Poland at the end of World War II, she initially worked as her husband's secretary and later, as a communist functionary in the Warsawheadquarters of PZPR.

Life

Liwa Szoken was born in 1902 in Warsaw, to an impoverished family of Orthodox Jews. She left her home at the age of 16, and in 1920 joined the Communist Party of Poland delegalized in 1919. She worked at a match factory Płomyk in the Warsaw neighbourhood of Pelcowizna _(pl)_, part of Praga-Północ. She met Władysław Gomułka (a Catholic by birth, and an ironworker) at the age of 25 in 1927. A year earlier, he joined the Communist Party of Poland sponsored financially by the Communist International and served as leader of the Trade Union of Chemical Industry Workers at the time. They started living together in a common-law relationship. Liwa broke all contact with her Jewish family. The next year, Władysław Gomułka, age 23, was transferred to Zawiercie. Gomułkowa gave birth to a son there, who died within days.[2] They relocated back to Warsaw and did not return to Zawiercie ever again.[3]

In 1930 Zofia Gomułkowa gave birth to her son Ryszard. She did not get married because, in prewar Poland, marriage was a religious ceremony. Her common-law husband was arrested in 1932 for communist agitation during a workers' protest in Łódź. Upon his release, Władysław Gomułka left Poland for Moscow to study ideology at the Lenin's Academy. She could not afford to keep her son and gave him to Gomułka's family in the village of Białobrzegi near Krosno. Ryszard Gomułka-Strzelecki grew up without knowing about his Jewish roots. His daughter Ewa learned about her grandmother's Jewish background only as an adult.[4]

Zofia Gomułkowa married Władysław Gomułka in Stalinist Poland on 21 April 1951 in a civil ceremony without a wedding. At about that time, she changed her given name officially from Liwa to Zofia.[5] Years later, she has supported her husband's anti-Zionist campaign of March 1968. Their son remarked that in the opinion of his father, those who like other places better and don't identify with Poland should leave. Notably, Zofia voiced no objections either to the massacre of the striking shipyard workers in 1970, an event that ultimately led to her husband's fall from power.[6][7][8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Niezłomni (2014/01/21), Sekret Władysława Gomułki, czyli o synu pochowanym w tajemnicy na kirkucie. Oraz o żonie, która została „Janem Chrzcicielem PPR”. Portal informacyjno-historyczny.

title: Zofia Gomułkowa

question: What were Zofia Gomułkowa's other names?

answer: Zofia Gomułka or Liwa Szoken.

question: When was Zofia Gomułkowa born?

answer: 12 May 1902.

question: What party was Zofia Gomułkowa active with?

answer: The Communists.

question: When did Zofia Gomułkowa die?

answer: 27 November 1986.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about Zofia Gomułkowa, a 20th century Polish communist activist.


text:
*Written by myself.*

Lubulo, the ruler of the city, was to be found by his farm patch on the southern slope of the Tall Vent. Relu approached him from above, rolling lazily as he did so to take in the heat.

“Word has come from Kallcho,” he said. “They’ve begun evacuating. Even the deepest parts are no longer safe from the burning water.”

Lubulo, who had been tending the thin film of bacteria, looked up and flashed in mild alarm. He pulsated nervously backwards and forwards, before settling down once again.

“They couldn’t have waited a little while longer?” he queried. “We might have been able to at least save part of the city.”

“There was nothing they could do,” replied Relu. “The people on the outskirts were starting to die, and even those by the vents were acquiring burns. They reckon it will only be about a month before Kallcho is entirely uninhabitable. Our own city is now the last one left.”

“Our defences will hold,” said Lubulo. “They *must*.”

Above them, vast nets hung between the walls of the canyon, blotting out the dim light from above. The organisms that grew on them provided a refuge for the city of Yoshlulo from the burning water.

There had always been burning water, as far back as the historians could recall. But where once it had kept near the bright surface waters, it had gradually crept deeper and deeper as did the Green. The higher cities went silent first, many centuries ago. Now they stood deserted. No one had been near them for generations. The bright, warm waters where once one could live without ever going near a lava flow were flooded with the Green, living off the light of the sun, absorbing otherwise useless nutrients and pumping out their toxic gas, dissolving it into the surrounding ocean.

The refugees had come to the deeper waters first in their hundreds, then thousands, then millions as the burning water choked city after city. After the survivors of the journey from Kallcho arrived, there would be no more refugees.

It had been scientists in Kallcho that first bred the organisms that now protected Yoshlulo, the last bastion of civilisation in the world. These gas-eaters not only consumed the burning water, they actively *needed* it in order to survive. Thus far they had been successful, and Yoshlulo had survived.

“Kallcho’s have not,” Relu pointed out, his luminescent cysts sparking and shifting nervously.

“Kallcho is not in a location like Yoshlulo,” replied Lubulo. “They are, or rather *were*, on a volcanic slope. If they had waited for our engineers to arrive, they might have been able to erect better defences. With us, the canyon walls allow us to hang the nets around the entire city. A complete border of protection.”

“And how long will that protect us?” asked Relu.

“What do you mean?”

“I mean that we’re sitting on a vent. The city rises by a limb-span every year. The canyon roof is only fifty thousand limb-spans above us. That gives us only a few generations. Eventually we will be too high. The burning water will seep through and the city will die.”

“We will have to leave that to those who follow us,” replied Lubulo mildly. “We have done what we can. The nets are not the only defence. The gas-eaters are also being spread around waters higher up. I have people going on expeditions to plant colonies of them, and to record the progress of existing colonies. They’re doing well. It may be that they are enough to stem the harm done by the Green.”

Time continued its ceaseless march. Yoshlulo was destroyed and the last light of intelligence on Earth went out. The tectonic plates shifted, and all trace of civilisation was swallowed by subduction. Eventually, no evidence remained that it had ever existed at all. The distant descendants of the gas-eaters eventually looked back into the geological past of their planet and found no trace that they were anything but the first.

title: "Oxygenation"

question: Summarize the main conflict of the story.

answer: Lubulo's city is being evacuated due to the rising temperature of the waters. Even the deeper waters are now becoming uninhabitable. The city is also rising every year, getting closer to the burning water.

question: Summarize everything relating to high temperatures.

answer: Relu takes in he heat as he approaches Lubulo. He reports that even the deepest parts of Kallcho are no longer safe from the burning water. People near the vents are acquiring burns. The gas-eating organisms growing on nets protect Yoshlulo from the burning water. The burning water had always been around but had gradually crept deeper and deeper. It destroyed city after city. Eventually the burning water will destroy Lubulo's city as well.

question: What does the story say about global warming?

question: Summarize everything relating to Kallcho.

answer: The people of Kallcho have begun evacuating due to the burning water. People on the outskirts were already starting to die. The city will likely be uninhabitable in a month. The refugees are coming to Lubulo's city. Kallcho scientists were the first to breed the organisms that protect Yoshlulo. The organisms in Kallcho have not survived, as Kallcho is located on a volcanic slope.


text:
 This article is more than 5 YEARS OLD

Scheme will give claimants 14 days to explain infringements before benefits are docked after MPs criticise system as overly punitive

[Iain Duncan Smith]

Iain Duncan Smith said a ‘yellow card’ system would be trialled next year. Photograph: Ray Tang/Rex Shutterstock

An early warning system for benefit claimants facing sanctions is to be trialled in response to claims that an excessively punitive and bureaucratic system is driving some claimants deeper into poverty.

The work and pensions secretary, Iain Duncan Smith, has announced that claimants will be given a “yellow card” 14 days before their benefits are reduced. The warning allows them time to give a good reason for failing to meet the commitments they must make in return for getting benefits. Under current rules, sanctions are applied immediately.

Duncan Smith said the approach would be introduced on a trial basis, a relatively small commitment, next year.

“During this time, claimants will have another opportunity to provide further evidence to explain their non-compliance,” he said in a letter to the work and pensions select committee.

“We will then review this information before deciding whether a sanction remains appropriate. We expect that this will strike the right balance between enforcing the claimant commitment and fairness.”

The move comes after years of criticism and mounting evidence that claimants are winning appeals against Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) decision-makers, making the system more cumbersome and expensive.

In 2014, the DWP released figures showing that 58% of people seeking to overturn sanctions were successful – up from 20% before 2010.

In March, the work and pensions committee called for an independent inquiry into how the sanctions operated, the second in a year, and Duncan Smith’s announcement on Thursday is a formal response to a select committee report rushed out before the general election in May. The report said the sanctions regime appeared to be “purely punitive”.

In a written statement to parliament, the DWP has also announced changes to the way jobseeker’s allowance sanction notifications are sent out and an extension of “at risk” groups to cover homeless people and those with mental health conditions. People in these groups have greater access to hardship payments and will be able to appeal a decision more quickly.

Explaining the proposed early warning system, the DWP said: “At present people are notified of a sanction and it is imposed immediately afterwards. In some cases, claimants go on to challenge the decision and the sanction may be overturned. We will trial arrangements whereby claimants are given a warning of our intention to sanction and a 14-day period to provide evidence of good reason before the decision to sanction is made.”

But the DWP refused to accept the work and pensions select committee’s call for a full independent review of the workings of the sanctions system.

The department also rejected a request to set out the number of people who have died whilse subject to a sanction, saying that to do so might breach the DWP’s duty of confidentiality by identifying individuals. It also rejected the idea of setting up a new independent complaints procedure in the event of a death, saying that there were already means by which such complaints could be handled.

The government in its response said ministers would not impose additional requirements to work extra hours on universal credit claimants who are in work, at least until the current pilot schemes had been evaluated.

Kirsty McHugh, chief executive of the Employment Related Services Association, said: “We welcome the recognition by the secretary of state that the sanctions system is in need of reform, but are concerned that the changes today don’t go far enough.

“For some jobseekers, receiving a sanction can act as a ‘wake-up’ call. However, for the majority, the sanction system is more likely to hinder the journey to employment. Jobseekers move into work quickest when they feel positive about work and thus sanctions should only be used as a last resort.”

question: Summarize main news event.

answer: The Department of Work and Pension announced a 14-day early warning system whereby claimants are given a warning of a sanction and time to give evidence as to good reason before the sanction is deducted. The current way of work deducts the sanction immediately after notifying the claimant resulting in 58% of sanctions being overturned when seeking to do so. The trial will happen to a small group. Multiple calls have been made for an independent review of the sanctions system.

question: Summarize the views of the opposing sides.

answer: The work and pensions committee called for an independent inquiry into how the sanctions operated, this was the second such call in a year, the report also called the sanction system purely punitive. Iain Duncan Smith responded to the report by announcing the trial system that will give the claimant an opportunity to respond before the claim is deducted. Additionally, the committee called for an independent review of the sanction system, details on the number of people who died whilst subject to a sanction, and setting up an independent complaints procedure in the event of a death. All these proposals have been denied due to privacy and budgetary limits. This led to the Employment Related Services Association expressing their concern that the reform of the sanction system is not far-reaching enough.

question: Summarize the reasons for the trial system.

answer: Years of criticism and mounting evidence show that claimants are winning appeals against the Department of Work and Pensions decision-makers, with 58% of people seeking to overturn sanctions being successful. This makes the system even more cumbersome and expensive. The work and pensions select committee called for an independent inquiry into how the sanction system operates as well as numerous other, more serious, measures. These proposals were denied and the trial yellow card system will be implemented in a small commitment. The warning system should give claimants time to respond to a sanction before it is deducted, where the current practice makes the deduction immediately after notification.

question: What does the text say about Iain Duncan Smith's career?


text:
She calls him over, “Its been a long time, why don’t you come over for a chat?”
An offer he cannot refuse, already into her, he accepts the invitation.
As soon as he arrives she is already opening the door, he is shocked and impressed by her, is it eagerness?
She got straight to it.
“Oh my god I have found the greatest of all secrets to life. Have you met Jesus Christ?”
He thought to himself, she has become a nut job, time to get out, but he likes her so he lets her continue.
“While meeting Jesus I used the internet as one of the tools for my study, and after all my research I have found his meaning.”
He was confused and wanted to leave. He gets up and starts walking toward the door, and she stops him mid way.
“The internet told me that his coming required sacrifice, on this day, myself, and many others on the internet will take a mate in mass expiation. I will complete my task”
She goes for him with a quick stab, right in the stomach, she then goes for herself. It’s the fear that killed them.

title: Accepting the Invitation

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: That information can't be found

question: List the main characters.

answer: A man, and a woman who kills him

question: Where is the story set?

answer: The woman's apartment

question: In what time period does the story take place?

answer: Around the present, given that the woman uses the internet

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A man accepts a woman's invitation to her apartment. Once there, the woman tells him that she has found Jesus and must make a sacrifice. As the man tries to leave, the woman stabs him and then herself.


text:
[Raoul Hafner, 1954] RAOUL HAFNER, (1905–1980) FEng, FRAes, was an Austrian-born British helicopter pioneer and engineer. He was a pioneer of rotating wing aircraft design, and died as a result of a yachting accident. He made a distinctive contribution to the British aerospace industry, particularly in the development of helicopters.

Life

Born in 1905, he was educated in Vienna, first at the university and then at technical college where he became interested in rotary-wing concept as a means of making aircraft land more slowly and safely. He obtained a post with the Austrian Air Traffic Company, but his heart was in helicopter design. He gave up his job to concentrate on helicopters, designing and building the Hafner Nagler R.I Revoplane in 1929 in collaboration with Bruno Nagler, then the similar Hafner Nagler R.II Revoplane in 1931.[1][2]

[Hafner Nagler R.I Revoplane] The Scottish cotton millionaire Major Jack Coates, who had financed Hafner’s work in Vienna, had the R.II Revoplane shipped to Heston Aerodrome in 1933, and it made some tethered flights there.[3] After hearing of the work of the Spanish aviation pioneer Juan de la Cierva in England, Hafner himself made contact with the Cierva Company and learned to fly its C.19 and C.30 autogyros. He parted company with Nagler, who had come from Austria with him, and then concentrated more on design of gyroplanes than helicopters. In 1934, his own company, the AR.III Construction (Hafner Gyroplane) Co, began to design the Hafner AR.III Gyroplane, first flown at Heston in 1935, and widely demonstrated afterward. It incorporated cyclic and collective pitch rotor controls actuated by independently varying the pitch of each blade rather than tilting the hub as in the Cierva system.[4][5][6]

[Hafner AR.III rotor head detail] In an ensuing controversy between proponents of the autogyro and the helicopter, Hafner made his views clear in a Royal Aeronautical Society lecture on 14 October 1937, when he advocated the rotating wing concept.[7]

Second World War

From 1938 he was with Pobjoy-Short at Rochester, but in 1940 was interned as an enemy alien, being released when his naturalization came through. He then developed the Hafner Rotachute, a rotary parachute to be towed behind an aircraft, for landing agents in enemy territory; this was made and tested at the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment development section at RAF Sherburn-in-Elmet. This was followed by the Rotabuggy, a rotor-equipped jeep.[8][9] Neither project progressed past testing.

Post War

After the war Hafner and some of his technical team joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). The four/five seater Type 171 went into Royal Air Force service as the Sycamore and won several export orders.[10] Subsequently a much larger tandem-rotor helicopter, the Type 173, was developed and from it the Type 192 which as the “Belvedere” (named after the Belvedere Palace in Vienna next to Hafner’s childhood home, which inspired the tandem concept) saw service in RAF squadrons in Britain and overseas. [Bristol Sycamore (OE-XSY) of the Flying Bulls departs the 2018 RIAT, England. Designed by Raoul Hafner and built in 1957.] Hafner, however, was more interested in the civil than the military applications of the helicopter, and this long-term ambition was to see the convertible rotor concept – on which he had begun work in 1950 – accepted. One of the helicopters being developed at Bristol was the tandem-rotor Type 194, designed to carry 52 passengers, but work on this ended when all British helicopter activities were brought together under Westland Aircraft in 1960.

Hafner was appointed technical director, holding this position until his retirement in 1970, and thereafter continuing in a consultative capacity. During his decade with Westland he further propounded his convertible rotor ideas, as a means of increasing the helicopters range and speed by tilting its rotors for forward flight.

He presented several papers to the Royal Aeronautical Society, and when in 1977 he was interviewed by its journal ‘Aerospace’ and asked about his interests outside aviation he remarked – with what was sad irony – that he had “taken a great interest in sailing”. He applied his knowledge of aerodynamics to sailing ship design.

Personal

He married, in 1936, Eileen McAdam of the macadam road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam, and they had one daughter, the actress Ingrid Hafner.

Notes

[1] _Rotary Wing Aircraft_ Flight, 8 April 1943, p. 362

[2] _Bristol Sycamore_ Heli Archive,

[3]

[4]

[5] _Background to the Helicopter_ Flight, 23 January 1953, pp. 92–93

[6] _The Rise of the Helicopter_ Flight, 23 January 1953, pp. 94–97

[7] _Gyromancy_ Flight, 21 October 1937, p. 407

[8]

[9] Gunston, p. 203

[10]

title: Raoul Hafner

question: Summarize everything related to Hafner's education.

answer: Hafner was educated in Vienna, where he attended a university and a technical college.

question: Describe Hafner's post-war career.

answer: After the war, Hafner and some members of his team joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became their Chief Designer of Helicopters. He created many models that were used by the Royal Air Force. However, he was more interested in the civil applications of his work. He wanted to see his convertible rotor concept accepted. Hafner was appointed technical director and held the position until his retirement in 1970. After retiring, he presented several papers to the Royal Aeronautical Society.

question: Summarize everything related to Hafner's family.

answer: In 1936, Hafner married Eileen McAdam. They had one daughter, actress Ingrid Hafner.


text:
The CLEVELAND STATE VIKINGS MEN'S GOLF team represents Cleveland State University in the sport of golf. The Vikings compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Horizon League. They are currently led by head coach Steve Weir. The Cleveland State Vikings men's golf program has won ten Horizon League championships. Cleveland State has the most men's golf titles in the history of the Horizon League at ten.

Championships

-   Mid-Continent Team Championships (0):
-   Horizon League Team Championships (10): 1998, 2006, 2008–09, 2011, 2014–18

Record by year

  School         Season     Record   (Conf. Record)   Postseason
  -------------- ---------- -------- ---------------- -------------------
  Fenn College   1947       5–6–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1948       6–5–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1949       6–5–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1950       5–6–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1951       4–5–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1952       2–9–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1953       4–7–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1954       3–6–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1955       3–7–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1956       7–3–1    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1957       1–12–0   (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1958       5–7–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1959       1–9–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1960       2–6–2    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1961       1–10–1   (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1962       2–6–0    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1963       8–5–1    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1964       2–9–1    (?-?)            --
  Fenn College   1965       2–9–1    (?-?)            --
  TOTAL          ?? YEARS   ?-?-?    (?-?-?)          0 POSTSEASON BIDS

Head coaching history

  1.     Name                Years       Record
  ------ ------------------- ----------- ---------
  1      John McNeill        1947—1955   38–51–0
  2      Homer E. Woodling   1956—1957   8–15–1
  3      Robert F. Busbey    1958—?      ?-?-?
  ?      Tom Porten          1991—2006   ?-?-?
  ?      Steve Weir          200?—       ?-?-?

title: Cleveland State Vikings men's golf

question: What do the Vikings compete in?

answer: They compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Horizon League.

question: Who is their current head coach?

answer: Their current head coach is Steve Weir.

question: Are they historically a good team?

answer: Cleveland State has the most men's golf titles in the history of the Horizon League at 10. It could be assumed they are historically good.

question: Name three of the past head coaches.

answer: John McNeil, Homer E.Woodling, and Robert F. Busbey

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses the Cleveland State Viking's men's golf team, which is led by current head coach Steve Weir. Cleveland State has the most men's golf titles in the history of the Horizon League with ten titles.


text:
I once saw a seagull, suspended above the ocean, held up effortlessly by the sea breeze. The bird did not wrong me, in fact we have never met before, but at that very moment I had only hatred towards it. Every squeal was an insult to my existence, every squak made my jaw clench tighter. I tried to track down the source of this overwhelming animosity, with no avail. As I stood there, leaning on the railing looking out to the ocean, our gaze locked. A surge of fiery hatred shot through my veins, and within seconds floating on the vast blueness were puddles of scattered red. The bird was torn to shreds before my eyes, like invisible hands ripping through paper; effortless. I did not move an inch, still gazing into the distance, the anger quelled. As I collected myself and stared down at the feathery masses of flesh bobbling about on the water, I though of George.
George was a coward, though none would agree, but then again no one really knew George as well as I did. After all, he was my father. My first memory of George was two decades ago; I was about seven then. It was three in the morning when the screaming and wailing woke me. Still cloudy from sleep, I followed the horrid noises to the source. As I slowly descended the staircase, I listened, wondered what could possible be making such agonic sounds this late at night, a racoon trapped under the floorboard perhaps? Each wail was consistently followed by a loud thump or two. This continued as I inched closer. Eventually the wails became moans, then the moans became eerie gargling noises, then silence.
I placed my hand on the kitchen door and pushed it open. The scene in front of me was surprisingly still and easy to comprehend. George was towering over my mother, who was sprawled across the kitchen floor. She was in her silk nightgown, twitching, drenched in red, with obvious indentations from George's steel-tipped boots across her cracked skull, her brain half spilling out and her blood dyed most of the kitchen floor red.
George was breathing heavily, looking at the same thing as I was, then his attention suddenly shifted towards me, little seven-year-old me. There was no hate in his eyes, no anger, not even fear, just emptiness. He took a step towards me, then another, my heart sank. I looked down at my mother's now motionless corpse, then back to George, then to his steel-tipped boots. I felt tears rolling down my cheeks, I shut my eyes, then THUD. I stood there for a moment, waiting for the pain to kick in. Nothing. Then, yelling. It was George's voice. I pried open my eyes and peeked. The walls were now as red as the floor, and a disembodied leg was now spinning on the kitchen floor a few feet away from George, now flailing uncontrollably. At that moment, it was clear. There is no god, no guardian angels. I did it, I knocked George's leg clean off his knee. I am more powerful.

title: Something I'm half working on. Thoughts?

question: Where is the narrator?

answer: The narrator seems to be near some sort of ocean.

question: Who is George?

answer: George is the man who murdered the narrator's mother.

question: Why did George kill the narrator's mother?

answer: Not stated.

question: What happened to George's leg?

answer: Unclear, but it seems as though the narrator has somehow knocked off George's leg.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is near an ocean and think of George, the man who murdered their mother. The narrator recalls walking into the kitchen and seeing George stand over their mother's bloody corpse. They attack George and blow his leg clean off of his knee.


text:
EVIDENCE CODE
SECTION 1030-1034

    1030.  As used in this article, a "member of the clergy" means a
    priest, minister, religious practitioner, or similar functionary of a
    church or of a religious denomination or religious organization.
    1031.  As used in this article, "penitent" means a person who has
    made a penitential communication to a  member of the clergy.
    1032.  As used in this article, "penitential communication" means a
    communication made in confidence, in the presence of no third person
    so far as the penitent is aware, to a member of the clergy who, in
    the course of the discipline or practice of the clergy member's
    church, denomination, or organization, is authorized or accustomed to
    hear those communications and, under the discipline or tenets of his
    or her church, denomination, or organization, has a duty to keep
    those communications secret.
    1033.  Subject to Section 912, a penitent, whether or not a party,
    has a privilege to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from
    disclosing, a penitential communication if he or she claims the
    privilege.
    1034.  Subject to Section 912, a member of the clergy, whether or
    not a party, has a privilege to refuse to disclose a penitential
    communication if he or she claims the privilege.

DISCLAIMER: These codes may not be the most recent version. California may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.

question: What is the purpose of this text?

answer: To lay out the legislation regarding how someone who confesses to a member of the clergy could rely on a privilege for their communication not to be disclosed.

question: Where is this text likely to appear?

answer: On a legal website / government website that lays out the law.

question: What or who are the stipulations in the code aimed at?

answer: Members of the clergy, and individuals who have communicated to a member of clergy is confidence.

question: Where does this code apply?

answer: The state of California.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This section of evidence code lays out that for communications made to a member of clergy in confidence, subject to section 912, a penitent or member of clergy may refuse to disclose those communications.


text:
EVGENY MOROZOV (Russian: Евге́ний Моро́зов; ; born in 1984) is an American writer, researcher, and intellectual from Belarus who studies political and social implications of technology. He was named one of the 28 most influential Europeans by Politico in 2018.[1]

Life and career

Morozov was born in 1984 in Soligorsk, Belarus.[2] He attended the American University in Bulgaria[3] and later lived in Berlin before moving to the United States.

Morozov has been a visiting scholar at Stanford University,[4] a fellow at the New America Foundation, and a contributing editor of and blogger for _Foreign Policy_ magazine, for which he wrote the blog Net Effect. He has previously been a _Yahoo!_ fellow at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service, a fellow at the Open Society Institute, director of new media at the NGO Transitions Online, and a columnist for the Russian newspaper _Akzia_. In 2009, he was chosen as a TED Fellow where he spoke about how the Web influences civic engagement and regime stability in authoritarian, closed societies or in countries “in transition”.[5]

Morozov's writings have appeared in various newspapers and magazines around the world, including _The New York Times_, _The Wall Street Journal_, _Financial Times_, _The Economist_, _The Guardian_, _The New Yorker_, _New Scientist_, _The New Republic_, _Corriere della Sera_, _Times Literary Supplement_, _Newsweek International_, _International Herald Tribune_, _Boston Review_, _Slate_, _San Francisco Chronicle_,[6] _Folha de S.Paulo_,[7] and _Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung_.[8]

As of 2013, Morozov pursued a PhD in the history of science from Harvard, which he obtained in May 2018.[9]

Thought

[Evgeny Morozov (2014)] Morozov expresses skepticism about the popular view that the Internet is helping to democratize authoritarian regimes, arguing that it could also be a powerful tool for engaging in mass surveillance, political repression, and spreading nationalist and extremist propaganda. He has also criticized what he calls “The Internet Freedom Agenda” of the US government, finding it naïve and even counterproductive to the very goal of promoting democracy through the Web.[10]

Later in his career however, Morozov began to express doubts about the project of technology criticism itself, calling it politically vague and impotent to effectuate change.[11]

_The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom_

In January 2011, Morozov published his first book _The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom_ (). In addition to exploring the impact of the Internet on authoritarian states, the book investigates the intellectual sources of the growing excitement about the liberating potential of the Internet, linking it to the triumphalism that followed the end of the Cold War.[12] Morozov also argues against the ideas of cyber-utopianism (the inability to see the Internet's “darker” side, that is, the capabilities for information control and manipulation of new media space) and Internet-centrism (the growing propensity to view all political and social change through the prism of the Internet).[13]

_To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism_

In March 2013, Morozov published a second book, _To Save Everything, Click Here_ (). Morozov criticizes what he calls “technology solutionism”, the idea that, as Tim Wu put it, “a little magic dust can fix any problem”. However, Wu, whose own work is severely criticized by Morozov,[14] dismisses Morozov's book as “rife with such bullying and unfair attacks that seem mainly designed to build Morozov's particular brand of trollism”, and “a missed opportunity” to discuss the issues.[15] Morozov believes that technology should be debated alongside debates about politics, economics, history, and culture.[16] Alec Ross writes in his book: “The Industries of Future” Evgeny Morozov writes neo-Luddite screeds against American technology companies, advancing the official views of Russia and Belarus."

About Internet libertarians, Morozov told _The New Yorker_:

  They want to be “open”, they want to be “disruptive”, they want to “innovate”. The open agenda is, in many ways, the opposite of equality and justice. They think anything that helps you to bypass institutions is, by default, empowering or liberating. You might not be able to pay for health care or your insurance, but if you have an app on your phone that alerts you to the fact that you need to exercise more, or you aren't eating healthily enough, they think they are solving the problem.[17]

Morozov has also been criticized by those who are sympathetic to his broader project, for failing to provide evidence for his claims beyond stating anecdotes.[18]

Selected Bibliography

Books

-   Hardback edition.

-   Hardback edition.

-

Essays and reporting

-

[1]

[2]

[3] .

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17] George Packer, “Change the World”. _The_ _New Yorker_, May 27, 2013.

[18]

title: Evgeny Morozov

question: What does Evgeny Morozov do?

answer: He is a writer, researcher, and intellectual.

question: Where is he from?

answer: Belarus.

question: What does he study?

answer: Politics and the social implications of technology.

question: Where did he obtain his Ph.D.?

answer: Harvard.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Evgeny Morozov is an American writer, researcher, and intellectual from Belarus who studies political and social implications of technology. He was named one of the 28 most influential Europeans by Politico in 2018.


text:
AMY BROWN (8 April 1783 – 7 May 1876) was the English mistress of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of King Charles X of France and Marie Thérèse of Savoy. Some authors have stated that they married in a secret ceremony which was conducted in England by her father, a Protestant pastor, but there is no evidence of it. Together they had two daughters; however, when he returned to France, he was constrained to put an end to his relationship for reasons of state.

Early years

Amy Brown was born on 8 April 1783 in Maidstone, Kent,

 England, as the fifth child of eight born to John L. (in other sources named Joseph) Brown, a Protestant pastor,[1] and his wife Mary Ann Deacon. By 1793, Amy's four older siblings had died in infancy or early youth, and thus she became the eldest surviving child of her parents.

On 10 January 1804 Amy gave birth a daughter, named Georgina Emma Marshall. Her second child, a son named Georges Granville Brown, was born on 20 February 1805 and ten months later, on 25 December, a third child, another son named John Freeman was also born. Apparently this last child was born in a legitimate marriage with a certain Mr. Freeman. Nothing further is recorded of her husband or his subsequent fate; however, author David Skuy describes Amy as having been a widow when she first met the duke.[2]

The Duke of Berry

Amy met Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry in 1805 in London, three years after the Bourbon royal family was exiled to England. As her son had been born in December of that year, it was likely that they had first met while she was pregnant, although the exact date of their meeting is not known. In late 1806 or early 1807, Amy gave birth to another son, named Robert Freeman; his surname established that Amy's husband appears as the official father, although is probable that the Duke of Berry was the biological father of both John and Robert Freeman, but never recognised them. Robert died young, in 1823.

Amy perhaps married Charles Ferdinand in a secret ceremony conducted by her father in 1806, without the duke having first obtained permission from his family and ignoring the fact that as a non-Catholic, no son of Amy's could ever ascend the French throne.[3] As it turned out, they did not have a son (with the controversial exception of John and Robert Freeman), although Amy bore the duke two daughters:[4]

-   Charlotte Marie Augustine de Bourbon, comtesse d'Issoudun (13 July 1808 – 13 July 1886),[5] married in 1823 Ferdinand de Faucigny-Lucinge, Prince of Lucinge, by whom she had issue. She is an ancestress of Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing, president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's wife.
-   Louise Marie Charlotte de Bourbon, Comtesse de Vierzon (29 December 1809 – 26 December 1891), married in 1827 Charles de Charette de La Contrie, Baron de La Contrie, by whom she had issue. She is an ancestress of French minister Hervé de Charette.

After receiving the news of Napoleon's abdication, the duke returned to France in 1814, taking his daughters with him. Amy remained behind in England. Upon his return, he was constrained to separate Amy for political reasons. If it was real, the marriage was declared invalid due to the lack of royal consent to the match, and therefore the official position was that Amy had never been his wife at all but rather his mistress.[6] He subsequently married Maria Carolina (5 November 1798 – 17 April 1870), eldest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies, by whom he had four children, including Henri, Comte de Chambord, Legitimist pretender to the throne of France. He also fathered two illegitimate sons by dancer Eugénie-Virginie Oreille (8 August 1795 – October 1875), who was one of his many mistresses. The duke was assassinated by a saddler, Louis Pierre Louvel on 14 February 1820; while he lay dying, the duke asked to see Amy and his daughters, entrusting them to the care of his wife, who afterwards adopted the two girls.[7]

Death and legacy

Amy's son by her first marriage, John Freeman died 26 August 1866 in Zurich, Switzerland; and Amy herself died on 7 May 1876 at the age of ninety-three at the Chateau de La Contrie, France. Through her daughter, the Baronne de Charette, Amy is the ancestress of Hervé de Charette[8] (born 30 July 1938) the French Foreign Minister from 1995–1997 [Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, husband or lover of Amy Brown]

[1] David Skuy, _Assassination, power, and miracles: France and the Royalist reaction of 1820_, (2003), McGill-Queen's University Press, Canada, , Google Books, p.4, retrieved 4-10-10

[2] Skuy, p.4

[3] Skuy, p. 4

[4] Francois Velde,_The French Royal Family: A Genealogy_

[5]

[6] Skuy, p. 5

[7] Skuy, p. 12

[8] François Velde, _The French Royal Family: A Genealogy_

title: Amy Brown (royal mistress)

question: What does the text say about Charles Ferdinand's military career?

question: What does the text say about Amy Brown's early life?

answer: Amy Brown was born on April 8, 1783, in Maidstone, Kent, England. She was the fifth child of Protestant Pastor John L. Brown and his wife, Mary Ann Deacon. Amy's four older siblings died in infancy or early youth and she became the eldest surviving child. Amy gave birth to a daughter named Georgina Emma Marshall on January 10, 1804, a second child named Georges Granville Brown on February 20, 1805, and another son named John Freeman 10 months later (December 25). The last child was apparently born in a legitimate marriage with a certain Mr. Freeman, but nothing is recorded about her husband or his subsequent fate.

question: What does the text say about Amy and the Duke of Berry?

answer: Amy was the English mistress of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry. They met in 1805 in London, three years after the Bourbon royal family was exiled to England. Some authors have stated that Amy and the Duke married in a secret ceremony conducted by her father, a pastor, but there is no evidence of it. They had two daughters and quite possibly, two sons as well (John and Robert Freeman). The Duke only recognized their daughters. When Charles returned to France, he was constrained to put an end to his relationship with Amy for reasons of the state.

question: What does the text say about the Duke of Berry?

answer: Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, was the younger son of King Charles X of France and Marie Thérèse of Savoy. The duke was exiled to England after Napoleon went into power. The duke married Maria Carolina, the eldest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies, and they had four children. He also had several mistresses whom he sired illegitimate children with, including Amy Brown. The duke was assassinated by a saddler, Louis Pierre Louvel on February 4, 1820.


text:
The day was full of twists and turns. Charlie was at cash today. It was an 8 hour shift and he was doing his best. The cool wind flowed through his poor hair, and the suns warmth caught his skin. It was a beautiful day today and it was unfortunate he had to be cashing away people he didn't know. It wasn't so crowded now, so Charlie got a sense of relaxation. It didn't last long, for his eyes gazed at a girl now coming towards him. She was young, and wore glasses much bigger than they needed to be. Her nose was a bit long and as she spoke she had the accent of a far away country. Romania perhaps.

“Hi." she said as she placed her flowers before him so he could scan. Charlie did as he was supposed to do, making sure he kept his smile. “Ello." Charlie answered, with much energy. Deep down he felt compelled and memory-stricken from the fact that this young girl looked much liked his ex. So much for moving on. The girl smiled at him and when things were done, she left.

And that was that.

When the long day was done, and after he left work without a sound, he walked to the bus stop. Blissful tunes he had made bopped in his ears, and meaningful melodies inspired him to keep moving. He was content, that above everything else, he was talented. The night sky was indeed beautiful, and him being alone was well enjoyed. He hummed and sang imaginary lyrics and notes and he laughed as it amused his musical soul. The stars above him made him smile and the wind was cool.

The bus ride however was not so much fun as he had liked it to be.

Teenagers  younger then him had boarded the bus and Charlie had no choice but to be around then and their activities. Holding hands and shit like that. You know the deal.

Charlie knew it all to well, and deep down he hated them. Today was a day of many reminders of how out dated he was, how anti-social he seemed to be, or how he still lived on lies and lost love. But he couldn't complain.

All he had to do...
was close his eyes.

And closed his eyes he did.

title: Reminders and Melodies

question: What did Charlie do for a living?

answer: It seemed he worked as a florist.

question: How did the female customer remind Charlie of his ex?

answer: She looked very much like his ex.

question: Why did Charlie hate the teens on the bus he boarded?

answer: Their activities reminded him about his seemingly drab life.

question: What were the things that reminded Charlie of his social life and experiences?

answer: He met a girl at the shop who looked just like his ex and the kids on the bus who appeared romantically involved with themselves.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Charlie worked an 8-hour shift at the cash section at what may be a flower shop. While at work, a young girl with a foreign accent approached him with flowers he would scan, and the sight of her reminded him of his ex. After closing from work, Charlie listened to some beats he made, enjoyed the tunes, and watched the night skies. As he boarded the bus home, he encountered some young teenagers who irritated him because their activities reminded him of how anti-social and outdated his life was.