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ANSON PACELY KILLEN SAFFORD[1] (c. February 14, 1830[2]– December 15, 1891) was the third Governor of Arizona Territory. Affectionately known as the “Little Governor” due to his stature, he was also Arizona's longest-serving territorial governor. His work to create a public education system earned him the name “Father of the Arizona Public Schools”. Safford is additionally known for granting himself a divorce.

Background

Safford was born to Joseph Warren and Diantha P. (Little) Safford in Hyde Park, Vermont, on February 14 of either 1828 or 1830.{{#tag:ref|Safford's autobiography lists his year of birth as 1828, while other period sources list 1830.|group=“Note”|name=“DOB”}} When he was eight, his family moved to Crete, Illinois, where they farmed. Safford was largely self-educated, attending only five quarters at a county school followed later by six months at a different school. His father died in 1848 and his mother in 1849. Safford left the family farm in March 1850 as part of the California Gold Rush.

After his arrival in California, Safford began working a claim in Placer County that produced from five to twenty dollars per day. His leisure time was spent reading from a set of books he had purchased to further his education. In 1854 he moved to a new claim and in 1855 was a Democratic party nominee for a seat in the California State Assembly, losing his race to a Know Nothing candidate. Safford won a seat as an assemblyman in 1857 and was reelected in 1859.

Following his time in the state legislature, Safford moved to San Francisco where he operated an earthworks business. When the American Civil War broke out, he changed his political affiliation to the Unionist party and later became a Republican. Safford moved to Nevada in early 1862 and was elected county commissioner for Humboldt County in November 1862. After a month in office, he resigned as commissioner and later served as a mining recorder and county recorder. Safford was secretary of the Nevada constitutional convention in November 1863 and president of Nevada's first Republican state convention. To add to his cultural experience, Safford took a two-year trip to Europe and then returned to Nevada. He turned down a nomination to the US House of Representatives before being appointed surveyor-general of Nevada by President Andrew Johnson in March 1867. Safford served as surveyor-general for two years before health issues forced him to resign.

Safford married Jenny (or Jennie) L. Tracy in Tucson, Arizona, on July 24, 1869. The couple had a son who was born July 2, 1870, and died August 28, 1871. The couple quickly became estranged and their dispute escalated to the point where Jenny Safford had notices printed claiming her husband had engaged in infidelity and was suffering from a venereal disease. This marriage ended when Arizona's territorial legislature passed a bill granting a divorce to the couple. Governor Safford signing the bill into law in January 1873 and his ex-wife remarried on February 24, 1873.[3] Safford's second marriage was to Margarita Grijalva on December 12, 1878. The couple had one daughter before Margarita Safford died in New York City on January 7, 1880. Safford's third marriage was to Soledad Bonillas, sister of Ignacio Bonillas, on September 10, 1881. During his life, Safford adopted two children.

Governorship

On March 13, 1869, the Nevada Congressional delegation of Thomas Fitch, James W. Nye, and William M. Stewart petitioned President Ulysses S. Grant to nominate Safford as Governor of Arizona Territory. This nomination was supported by Arizona's Coles Bashford, John N. Goodwin, and Richard C. McCormick along with political figures from California. Safford was nominated on April 3, 1869, commissioned April 9, 1869, and sworn into office on July 9, 1869. His second term began in April 1873 and he declined a third term.

The Safford administration immediately faced the problem of hostile Indians. To counter this threat he called for the creation of volunteer militia and worked with Territorial Delegate McCormick to have General George Stoneman replaced by George Crook in June 1871. Safford was also forced to assign a military force to guard the road between Gila Bend and Fort Yuma from Mexican outlaws. Other efforts to combat lawlessness included the governor petitioning the territorial legislature to make highway robbery a capital offense and the building of a territorial prison. As a result of these efforts Indian hostilities were largely eliminated, with only occasional outbreaks, and enough order was instilled into the territory to allow for ranching activities to move to Arizona.

Safford's passion while in office was the creation of a public school system. This effort was initially opposed by the legislature, but the governor was able to win passage of a new property tax on February 17, 1871, to finance creation and operation of schools. As _ex officio_ superintendent of public instruction, the governor corresponded with educators across the nation and even used his personal funds to help build schools or bring new teachers to Arizona. Arizona's first public school opened during March 1872 in Tucson. The one room adobe structure had a single teacher and, at its peak, 138 students. Other schools were built throughout the territory over the next few years. During his address to the territorial legislature in January 1877, Safford was pleased to report that at least 1450 of the 2955 children counted in the May 1876 census could read and write.

After office

After leaving office Safford opened one of Arizona's first banks, with offices in Tucson and Tombstone. He was admitted to the bar in January 1875 but did not work as an attorney. Instead, with the assistance of his friend, John S. Vosburg, helped finance several mines. When the first claims were filed in Tombstone, the initial settlement of tents and cabins was located at Watervale near the Lucky Cuss mine. Safford offered financial backing for a cut of the Lucky Cuss mining claim, and Ed Schieffelin, his brother Al, and their partner Richard Gird formed the Tombstone Mining and Milling Company and with Safford's backing built the first stamping mill. When the mill was built, the town site was moved to Goose Flats, a mesa above the Toughnut above sea level and large enough to hold a growing town.[4]

[Stock certificate of the Consolidated Tombstone Gold and Silver Mining Company] In early March 1881, the Tombstone Mining and Milling Company was sold to capitalists from Philadelphia, and Safford became president of the new Tombstone Gold and Silver Milling and Mining Company with Richard Gird was superintendent.[5] Ed and Al Schieffelin soon sold their one-third ownership in the Tough Nut for $1 million and moved on, although Al remained in Tombstone for sometime longer. Gird later sold off his one-third interest for $1 million, doubling what the Schieffelins had been paid. In 1880, Safford was a delegate to the Republican National Convention.

In the early 1880s, Safford sold his business interests for roughly $140,000 and moved to Philadelphia and then New York City. By 1882 Safford had moved to Florida and become involved with building the new community of Tarpon Springs. He was a candidate for Arizona Territorial Governor again in 1889, with support coming from Matthew Quay, Leland Stanford, and William M. Stewart, but was not nominated. Safford's later years were spent in Florida with his family and sister, Mary Jane Safford-Blake. He died on December 15, 1891, in Tarpon Springs and was buried at Cycadia Cemetery.

[1] Various sources give multiple variations for the spelling of Safford's two middle names. Among these are Peasley, Peacely, Keeler, and Killen.

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title: Anson P. K. Safford

question: Summarize the drive and motivation behind Anson Safford's creation of the public school system.

answer: The fact that Safford was not able to get the traditional level of education as others of his time means that he faced any of his later career challenges with significantly less security in his educational foundation. While his self-education has proven itself in his political career, he would have certainly encountered many instances where his lack of formal education would have been self-evident. Putting all these together makes it very logical for Safford to prioritize the formation of a public school system that to bolster education by making it accessible for people in all walks of life.


split: train

text:
DONALD TIALAVEA JR.[1] (born July 27, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Utah State University. He signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2014 as an undrafted free agent. Tialavea was formerly a tight end prior to switching positions before the 2017 NFL season.

Early years

Tialavea attended West Jordan High School in West Jordan, Utah. During his high school football career, he also played on the offensive and defensive lines. In addition to being a three-year letterwinner in football, Tialavea was also a three-year letterwinner in basketball and baseball.[2]

College career

Tialavea appeared in 40 games for the Utah State Aggies. He ended his college career with 198 receiving yards and five touchdowns.[3]

Professional career

Jacksonville Jaguars

Tialavea was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL Draft.[4] He was released on May 12, 2014.[5]

Buffalo Bills

After being released by the Jaguars, Tialavea was signed to the Buffalo Bills practice squad on September 2, 2014.[6] He was released by the Bills on September 30, 2014.[7]

Atlanta Falcons

Tialavea was signed to the Falcons' practice squad on November 24, 2015.[8] After spending almost two seasons on the practice squad, he was promoted to the active roster on December 22, 2016.[9] In his NFL debut two days later against the Carolina Panthers, Tialavea caught a touchdown for his only reception of the day.[10]

Tialavea was inactive for the Falcons' 34-28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl.[11][12]

On September 1, 2017, Tialavea was released by the Falcons.[13]

Chicago Bears

On September 20, 2017, Tialavea was signed to the Chicago Bears' practice squad.[14] He was released on September 26, 2017.[15] He was re-signed on December 27, 2017.[16]

Personal life

D.J.'s parents are Don and Tami Tialavea. He has two sisters. Tialavea graduated from Utah State with an interdisciplinary studies degree with a focus in business management and physical education administration.[17] D.J. is also an Eagle Scout.[18]

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title: D. J. Tialavea

question: Summarize everything relating to D. J. Tialavea's personal life.

answer: He was born to Don and Tami Tialavea and has two sisters. He studied business management and physical education administration at Utah State. He is also an Eagle Scout.

question: List the various teams D. J. Tialavea has played for.

answer: The Utah State Aggies, the Jacksonville Jaguars, the Buffalo Bills, the Atlanta Falcons, the Chicago Bears

question: What schools did D. J. Tialavea attend?

answer: West Jordan High School and Utah State.

question: What team is D. J. Tialavea currently a part of?

answer: He is currently (at the time of the article) a free agent.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: D. J. Tialavea is an American football offensive tackle. He has played for many teams, including the Jacksonville Jaguars, the Buffalo Bills, the Atlanta Falcons, and the Chicago Bears. He is currently (at the time of the article) a free agent.


text:
I needed something new in my life. I craved for change and just had to have it. I sold most of my belongings other than my cellphone, a handful of clothes and a sleeping bag.  As I packed my bag, I tried not to think about everything I was leaving behind. I wrote my note to my parents. Telling them that I am sorry and I hope they understand. Once I was finished, I thought if I really wanted this. My mind was made up. Change was going to happen. I left my keys and the note on the kitchen counter and headed out the door. I remember the night, just like it was yesterday. It was a late April night, the breeze was ever so gentle and the moon was full. The stars were so bright. I really hoped they were as bright as my future. As I walked down the street, I thought about my best friend. She had no idea I was doing this. No body did. I finally reached the bus station. The older man at the counter seemed troubled that I was here at this hour. He asked what I was running from. "Nothing," I told him "I just need something new." After purchasing my ticket, I waited for my bus. I decided to send a goodbye text to her.

"Hey, this may come as a shock, but once you read I will be long gone. I am sorry. I know I should not have just left in the middle of the night without saying goodbye. I love you and always will. I hope you take care of yourself and maybe I'll see you around." Send.

I turned my phone off as the bus arrived. I found a seat in the dark corner of the bus and just gazed out the window, letting my mind wonder. After what seemed like an entirety, I finally arrived at my destination. I was nearly 2,500 miles away from home and ready to start my new life. It took 4 days to travel from home, but I finally made it. I decided to turn my phone on and let my parents know I am safe and alive. I had one text from my best friend that read:

"I will miss you and I always will. You kept me sane. You put up with me when no one else could. I did not just lose a best friend, but I lost a part of me. I love you and I NEED you. I don't think you understand that. I NEED you. Without you, I don't see how I will make it. Please come home. Please."

another day passed and she sent this text;

"I love you and miss you. I am going to sleep now. I hope I see you again someday."

3 more days passed until I realized I made a mistake. I was headed home. I bought another bus ticket and headed back. I missed my family and my best friend. I needed to go back. I decided I would surprise everyone and not let them know I was coming home. It took another 4 days to travel back home. I arrived late afternoon and started walking home. The closer I got to home, the more I realized I really loved it. I knocked at my door and my mother opened it. Her eyes filled with tears. She cries and tells me she missed me. My father is happy, but also irritated that I did something so childish. I explained my feelings and told them I needed to go see my best friend.

Sadly, I only got to see my best friend one more time.

"I am sorry too. I did not mean for any of this to happen. I have no where or no one to turn to. I need you. I am not alive without you. You are apart of me, I need you to live. I am done. I took some pills and now it's time for me to go to sleep. I love you."

The last time I saw her was at her funeral. It was my fault. She needed me and I let her down.

title: My Best Friend

question: Why does the narrator decide to leave?

answer: The narrator craves change. They tell people who ask that they are not running from anything. They just need novelty.

question: Summarize the text messages the narrator receives from their friend.

answer: The narrator receives texts from their best friend saying that they love them and miss them. They implore their friend to return, claiming that they need them. Finally, after the narrator decides to return, they find one final text message from their friend. It says that they have committed suicide. The narrator was too late.


text:
Chapter 1:
JMG The Sweaty Scotsman every morning watches old videotapes of Ultimate Warrior matches, while he rubs dry Apple Jacks all over his body and pours milk on his crotch. JMG cannot start a single day without this sick and sweaty ritual. I pray he finds help.

title: The Sweaty Scotsman.

question: To what does the title refer?

answer: 'The Sweaty Scotsman' is the character described, JMG.

question: Describe the daily ritual.

answer: Watching old Ultimate Warrior tapes, rubbing dry Apple Jacks on his body, and pouring milk on his crotch.

question: Who are the characters?

answer: The titular Sweaty Scotsman (JMG) and the unnamed narrator.

question: What does JMG stand for?

answer: That information is not given.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Sweaty Scotsman has an unusual daily ritual that he must complete, involving Ultimate Warrior tapes, Apple Jacks, and milk.


text:
COMPUTATIONAL ANATOMY (CA) is a discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, including medical imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics. It focuses on the anatomical structures being imaged, rather than the medical imaging devices. The central focus of the sub-field of computational anatomy within medical imaging is mapping information across anatomical coordinate systems most often dense information measured within a magnetic resonance image (MRI). The introduction of flows into CA, which are akin to the equations of motion used in fluid dynamics, exploit the notion that dense coordinates in image analysis follow the Lagrangian and Eulerian equations of motion. In models based on Lagrangian and Eulerian flows of diffeomorphisms, the constraint is associated to topological properties, such as open sets being preserved, coordinates not crossing implying uniqueness and existence of the inverse mapping, and connected sets remaining connected. The use of diffeomorphic methods grew quickly to dominate the field of mapping methods post Christensen's[1] original paper, with fast and symmetric methods becoming available.[2][3]

The main statistical model

[Source-channel model showing the source of images the deformable template I ≐ φ ⋅ Itemp ∈ ℐ and channel output associated with MRI sensor ID ∈ ℐ𝒟] The central statistical model of Computational Anatomy in the context of medical imaging has been the source-channel model of Shannon theory; the source is the deformable template of images I ∈ ℐ, the channel outputs are the imaging sensors with observables ID ∈ ℐ𝒟 (see Figure). The importance of the source-channel model is that the variation in the anatomical configuration are modelled separated from the sensor variations of the Medical imagery. The Bayes theory dictates that the model is characterized by the prior on the source, πℐ(⋅) on I ∈ ℐ, and the conditional density on the observable

    p(⋅ ∣ I) on ID ∈ ℐ𝒟

conditioned on I ∈ ℐ.

In deformable template theory, the images are linked to the templates, with the deformations a group which acts on the template; see group action in computational anatomy For image action I(g)≐g ⋅ Itemp, g ∈ 𝒢, then the prior on the group π𝒢(⋅) induces the prior on images πℐ(⋅), written as densities the log-posterior takes the form

log _p_(_I_(_g_)∣_I__D_)≃log _p_(_I__D_ ∣ _I_(_g_)) + log _π_𝒢(_g_).

The random orbit model which follows specifies how to generate the group elements and therefore the random spray of objects which form the prior distribution.

The random orbit model of computational anatomy

[Orbits of brains associated to diffeomorphic group action on templates depicted via smooth flow associated to geodesic flows with random spray associated to random generation of initial tangent space vector field v₀ ∈ V; published in.]

The RANDOM ORBIT MODEL of Computational Anatomy first appeared in[4][5][6] modelling the change in coordinates associated to the randomness of the group acting on the templates, which induces the randomness on the source of images in the anatomical orbit of shapes and forms and resulting observations through the medical imaging devices. Such a RANDOM ORBIT MODEL in which randomness on the group induces randomness on the images was examined for the Special Euclidean Group for object recognition in which the group element g ∈ 𝒢 was the special Euclidean group in.[7]

For the study of deformable shape in CA, the high-dimensional diffeomorphism groups used in computational anatomy are generated via smooth flows φt, t ∈ [0, 1] which satisfy the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow fields satisfying the ordinary differential equation: [Showing the Lagrangian flow of coordinates x ∈ X with associated vector fields vt, t ∈ [0, 1] satisfying ordinary differential equation φ̇t = vt(φt),φ₀ = id.]

with v ≐ (v₁, v₂, v₃) the vector fields on ℝ³ termed the Eulerian velocity of the particles at position φ of the flow. The vector fields are functions in a function space, modelled as a smooth Hilbert space with the vector fields having 1-continuous derivative . For vt = φ̇t ∘ φt−1, t ∈ [0, 1], the inverse of the flow is given by

and the 3 × 3 Jacobian matrix for flows in ℝ³ given as $\ D\varphi \doteq \left(\frac{\partial \varphi_i}{\partial x_j}\right).$

To ensure smooth flows of diffeomorphisms with inverse, the vector fields ℝ³ must be at least 1-time continuously differentiable in space[8][9] which are modelled as elements of the Hilbert space (V, ∥ ⋅ ∥V) using the Sobolev embedding theorems so that each element vi ∈ H₀³, i = 1, 2, 3, has 3-square-integrable derivatives. Thus (V, ∥ ⋅ ∥V) embed smoothly in 1-time continuously differentiable functions.[10][11] The diffeomorphism group are flows with vector fields absolutely integrable in Sobolev norm:

where ∥vt∥V² ≐ ∫XAvt ⋅ vtdx with A a linear operator A : V ↦ V* defining the norm of the RKHS. The integral is calculated by integration by parts when Av is a generalized function in the dual space V*.

Riemannian exponential

In the random orbit model of computational anatomy, the entire flow is reduced to the initial condition which forms the coordinates encoding the diffeomorphism. From the initial condition v₀ then geodesic positioning with respect to the Riemannian metric of Computational anatomy solves for the flow of the Euler-Lagrange equation. Solving the geodesic from the initial condition v₀ is termed the RIEMANNIAN-EXPONENTIAL, a mapping Expid(⋅):V → DiffV at identity to the group.

The Riemannian exponential satisfies Expid(v₀)=φ₁ for initial condition φ̇₀ = v₀, vector field dynamics φ̇t = vt ∘ φt, t ∈ [0, 1],

-   for classical equation diffeomorphic shape momentum ∫XAvt ⋅ w dx, Av ∈ V, then

\frac{d}{dt} Av_t + (Dv_t)^T Av_t +(DAv_t)v_t + ( \nabla \cdot v) Av_t =0 \ ;

-   for generalized equation, then

Av \in V^* , w ∈ V

        $\int_X \frac{d}{dt} Av_t \cdot w \,dx + \int_X Av_t \cdot ((Dv_t)w-(Dw)v_t)\,dx =0 .$

It is extended to the entire group, φ = Expφ(v₀ ∘ φ)≐Expid(v₀)∘φ. Depicted in the accompanying figure is a depiction of the random orbits around each exemplar, m₀ ∈ ℳ, generated by randomizing the flow by generating the initial tangent space vector field at the identity v₀ ∈ V, and then generating random object n ≐ Expid(v₀)⋅m₀ ∈ ℳ. [Figure showing the random spray of synthesized subcortical structures laid out in the two-dimensional grid representing the variance of the eigenfunction used for the momentum for synthesis.] Shown in the Figure on the right the cartoon orbit, are a random spray of the subcortical manifolds generated by randomizing the vector fields v₀ supported over the submanifolds. The random orbit model induces the prior on shapes and images I ∈ ℐ conditioned on a particular atlas Ia ∈ ℐ. For this the generative model generates the mean field I as a random change in coordinates of the template according to I ≐ φ ⋅ Ia, where the diffeomorphic change in coordinates is generated randomly via the geodesic flows.

MAP estimation in the multiple-atlas orbit model

The random orbit model induces the prior on shapes and images I ∈ ℐ conditioned on a particular atlas Ia ∈ ℐ. For this the generative model generates the mean field I as a random change in coordinates of the template according to I ≐ φ ⋅ Ia, where the diffeomorphic change in coordinates is generated randomly via the geodesic flows. The prior on random transformations πDiff(dφ) on DiffV is induced by the flow Expid(v), with v ∈ V constructed as a Gaussian random field prior πV(dv). The density on the random observables at the output of the sensor ID ∈ ℐD are given by

p(I^D\mid I_a) = \int_V p(I^D \mid \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v) \cdot I_a ) \pi_V (dv) \ .

Maximum a posteriori estimation (MAP) estimation is central to modern statistical theory. Parameters of interest θ ∈ Θ take many forms including (i) disease type such as neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases, (ii) structure type such as cortical or subcortical structures in problems associated to segmentation of images, and (iii) template reconstruction from populations. Given the observed image ID, MAP estimation maximizes the posterior:

_θ̂_ ≐ arg max_θ_ ∈ _Θ_log _p_(_θ_ ∣ _I__D_).

This requires computation of the conditional probabilities $p(\theta\mid I^D) = \frac{p(I^D,\theta)}{p(I^D)}$. The multiple atlas orbit model randomizes over the denumerable set of atlases {Ia, a ∈ 𝒜}. The model on images in the orbit take the form of a multi-modal mixture distribution

_p_(_I__D_, _θ_)=∑_a_ ∈ 𝒜_p_(_I__D_, _θ_ ∣ _I__a_)_π_𝒜(_a_) .

The conditional Gaussian model has been examined heavily for inexact matching in dense images and for landmark matching.

Dense emage matching

Model ID(x),x ∈ X as a conditionally Gaussian random field conditioned, mean field, φ₁ ⋅ I ≐ I(φ₁−1),φ₁ ∈ DiffV. For uniform variance the endpoint error terms plays the role of the log-conditional (only a function of the mean field) giving the endpoint term:

Landmark matching

Model Y = {y₁, y₂, …} as conditionally Gaussian with mean field φ₁(xi),i = 1, 2, …, φ₁ ∈ DiffV, constant noise variance independent of landmarks. The log-conditional (only a function of the mean field) can be viewed as the endpoint term:

$$-\log p(I^D \mid I(g))\simeq \operatorname{E}(\varphi_1) \doteq  \frac{1}{2 \sigma^2}\sum_i \| y_i -\varphi_1(x_i) \|^2.$$

MAP segmentation based on multiple atlases

The random orbit model for multiple atlases models the orbit of shapes as the union over multiple anatomical orbits generated from the group action of diffeomorphisms, $\mathcal{I} = \textstyle  \bigcup_{a \in \mathcal{A}}\displaystyle \operatorname{Diff}_V \cdot I_a$, with each atlas having a template and predefined segmentation field (Ia, Wa),a = a₁, a₂, …. incorporating the parcellation into anatomical structures of the coordinate of the MRI.. The pairs are indexed over the voxel lattice Ia(xi),Wa(xi),xi ∈ X ⊂ ℝ³ with an MRI image and a dense labelling of every voxel coordinate. The anatomical labelling of parcellated structures are manual delineations by neuroanatomists.

The Bayes segmentation problem[12] is given measurement ID with mean field and parcellation (I, W), the anatomical labelling θ ≐ W. mustg be estimated for the measured MRI image. The mean-field of the observable ID image is modelled as a random deformation from one of the templates I ≐ φ ⋅ Ia, which is also randomly selected, A = a,. The optimal diffeomorphism φ ∈ 𝒢 is hidden and acts on the background space of coordinates of the randomly selected template image Ia. Given a single atlas a, the likelihood model for inference is determined by the joint probability p(ID, W ∣ A = a); with multiple atlases, the fusion of the likelihood functions yields the multi-modal mixture model with the prior averaging over models.

The MAP estimator of segmentation Wa is the maximizer maxWlog p(W ∣ ID) given ID, which involves the mixture over all atlases.

$$\hat W \doteq \arg \textstyle \max_W \displaystyle \log p(I^D,W) \text{ with }  p(I^D,W) =\textstyle \sum_{a \in \mathcal{A}} \displaystyle p(I^D,W\mid A = a)\pi _A(a).$$

The quantity p(ID, W) is computed via a fusion of likelihoods from multiple deformable atlases, with πA(a) being the prior probability that the observed image evolves from the specific template image Ia.

The MAP segmentation can be iteratively solved via the expectation-maximization algorithm

_W_new ≐ arg max_W_∫log _p_(_W_, _I__D_, _A_, _φ_) _d__p_(_A_, _φ_ ∣ _W_old, _I__D_).

MAP estimation of volume templates from populations and the EM algorithm

Generating templates empirically from populations is a fundamental operation ubiquitous to the discipline. Several methods based on Bayesian statistics have emerged for submanifolds and dense image volumes. For the dense image volume case, given the observable ID₁, ID₂, … the problem is to estimate the template in the orbit of dense images I ∈ ℐ. Ma's procedure takes an initial hypertemplate I₀ ∈ ℐ as the starting point, and models the template in the orbit under the unknown to be estimated diffeomorphism I ≐ φ₀ ⋅ I₀, with the parameters to be estimated the log-coordinates θ ≐ v₀ determining the geodesic mapping of the hyper-template Expid(v₀)⋅I₀ = I ∈ ℐ.

In the Bayesian random orbit model of computational anatomy the observed MRI images IDi are modelled as a conditionally Gaussian random field with mean field φi ⋅ I, with φi a random unknown transformation of the template. The MAP estimation problem is to estimate the unknown template I ∈ ℐ given the observed MRI images.

Ma's procedure for dense imagery takes an initial hypertemplate I₀ ∈ ℐ as the starting point, and models the template in the orbit under the unknown to be estimated diffeomorphism I ≐ φ₀ ⋅ I₀. The observables are modelled as conditional random fields, IDi a random field with mean field φi ⋅ I ≐ φi ⋅ φ₀ ⋅ I₀. The unknown variable to be estimated explicitly by MAP is the mapping of the hyper-template φ₀, with the other mappings considered as nuisance or hidden variables which are integrated out via the Bayes procedure. This is accomplished using the expectation-maximization algorithm.

The orbit-model is exploited by associating the unknown to be estimated flows to their log-coordinates vi, i = 1, … via the Riemannian geodesic log and exponential for computational anatomy the initial vector field in the tangent space at the identity so that Expid(vi)≐φi, with Expid(v₀) the mapping of the hyper-template. The MAP estimation problem becomes

max_v_₀_p_(_I__D_, _θ_ = _v_₀)=∫_p_(_I__D_, _θ_ = _v_₀ ∣ _v_₁, _v_₂, …)_π_(_v_₁, _v_₂, …) _d__v_

The EM algorithm takes as complete data the vector-field coordinates parameterizing the mapping, vi, i = 1, … and compute iteratively the conditional-expectation

$$\begin{cases}
Q(\theta=v_0; \theta^\text{old}=v_0^\text{old}) &
= - \operatorname{E} ( \log p(I^D, \theta=v_0 \mid v_1,v_2,\dots)\mid I^D, \theta^\text{old}) \\
& = - \| ( \bar I^\text{old} - I_0 \circ \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v_0)^{-1} ) \sqrt{\beta^\text{old}} \|^2 - \|v_0\|_V^2
\end{cases}$$

-   Compute new template maximizing Q-function, setting

        \theta^\text{new}\doteq v_0^\text{new} = \arg \max_{\theta = v_0} Q(\theta ; \theta^\text{old}=v_0^\text{old}) = - \left\| ( \bar I^\text{old} - I_0 \circ \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v_0)^{-1} ) \sqrt{\beta^\text{old}} \right\|^2

- \| v_0\|_V^2

-   Compute the mode-approximation for the expectation updating the expected-values for the mode values:

        vinew = arg maxv : φ̇ = v ∘ φ − ∫₀¹∥vt∥V² dt − ∥IDi − I₀ ∘ Expid(v₀old)−1 ∘ Expid(v)−1∥².i = 1, 2, …
        $\beta^\text{new} (x) = \sum_{i=1}^n | D \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v_i^\text{new})(x) |, \text{ with } \bar I^\text{new} (x) = \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^n I^{D_i} \circ \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v_i^\text{new}) | D \operatorname{Exp}_\mathrm{id}(v_i^\text{new})(x) |  }{ \beta^\text{old}(x)}$

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] P. Dupuis, U. Grenander, M.I. Miller, Existence of Solutions on Flows of Diffeomorphisms, Quarterly of Applied Math, 1997.

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Bayesian model of computational anatomy

question: What is computational anatomy?

answer: A discipline within medical imaging focusing on the study of anatomical shape and form at the visible or gross anatomical scale of morphology

question: What property of anatomical systems does computational anatomy exploit?

answer: That dense coordinates in image analysis obey Lagrangian and Eulerian equations of motion

question: In Ma's procedure, how are hidden and nuisance variables integrated out?

answer: Via the expectation-optimization algorithm

question: What methods are now dominating the field of computational anatomy?

answer: diffeomorphic methods

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses some of the theoretical and mathematical underpinnings of computational anatomy, as its been affected by the Bayes Theory. Some of the history of different approaches is presented, as well.


text:
The cabin had a musty, unused smell to it. It had been a couple of years since anyone had been here, so he went around and opened up all the doors and windows and just let the wind carry out the emptiness while he swept and dusted. It wasn’t too long, though, before he heard a car door out front.
“Who could that be?” he thought. His wife and son weren’t due until tomorrow. Jenny and her family weren’t supposed to be there until the day after. Puzzled, he frowned to himself before going to check, but he stopped and smiled again as soon as he turned around. There, leaning against the doorpost, was Jenny, looking the same as she always did with her long red hair hanging down her back, blue eyes, and a gentle, soft smile on her lips.
“Hey,” he said quietly. She walked toward him and said, “Hey,” before giving him a hug. They parted and he shook his head, marveling at the fact that although it had been almost two years since they had seen each other, there was no unfamiliarity there, no sense of distance grown as often happens. “I thought you weren’t coming until tomorrow night,” he said. “I decided to come early to air the place out.” She looked around the cabin and smiled at him. “Looks like you beat me to it.”
The day finished with them cleaning out the cabin, top to bottom. As often happens when two old friends find themselves doing some menial chores together, they wound up spending most of the time laughing at each other. Old jokes, new jokes, stories about people they knew now, and tales about people they knew back in the day. Just… enjoying the company of a person they didn’t have to hide anything from and have no reason to impress. As the afternoon came and went, and the evening turned to dusk, they cracked open the beer he’d brought and sat down on the porch to watch the sun sink behind the trees. A quiet peace drifted over them in the stillness of an evening free of demand.
Night fell and they decided to go inside and light a lamp or two so they could spend the rest of the evening playing cards at the kitchen table, they way they used to. As they sat and played, a peaceful quiet lingered with them and they didn’t disturb it with unnecessary chatter. After all, why should two people who know each other more intimately than most married couples ever do need to speak to feel comfortable around each other? As they sat there in the comfortable quiet, his mind began to drift across his memories, and across to her, thinking about all the things they had shared over almost thirty years of friendship. Growing up together, grade school, her boyfriends, his girlfriends, the breakups and the weddings, all of it touched his mind as they played. He realized, with a small amount of surprise, that almost all of his happy memories were ones he shared with her.
There had never been a relationship between them, never any hint that things should be other than what they were, and though they both acknowledged that it was a bit of an oddity whenever other people pointed it out, they had never thought much of it on their own. He looked over at her, picking up a card from the table, her hair and face glowing in the soft, yellow lamplight, and he couldn’t help but think of the only time the idea had presented itself that there could be more to their friendship than simply being friends.
They had gone camping, just the two of them, after her college sweetheart had left her and she wanted to get away, just get away from everything and everyone that reminded her of him. So they went out to the woods and just let it all go. That night, he remembered they had just looked across the fire at each other, her face and hair glowing then so much like they were glowing now, and he had thought to himself that she was beautiful. Not beautiful the way he told other people she was beautiful, but beautiful to him, in a much more personal and intimate way than he had known. He had thought, then, that he might be in love with her, and as she raised her eyes to meet his, he had known that the thought he saw in her eyes, her beautiful blue eyes glowing in the firelight, was the same as his. But the moment passed without record, and soon enough their hearts had gone their separate ways again.
He realized it was his turn to play and looked over at her, at this beautiful, amazing woman he had somehow spent his whole life with, and found her looking at him. A moment passed between them that seemed to last far longer than a heartbeat before her eyes left his again, but that was all it took, just one moment, for both of them to realize. She reached for another card, distractedly, and as she reached for it, he reached for her, and gently, oh so gently, placed his hand on hers. She lifted her gaze to meet his once again, and this time there was no hiding the question in her eyes, the desperate longing needing an answer. A sad smile drew across his face and, heart breaking oh so gently, he shook his head, just a tiny motion back and forth. His hand left hers, and she drew her card.
They played into the night, still holding onto that quiet comfort, but he wondered now if his life would feel the same to him, now that it had been acknowledged. It seemed a lonely life, knowing that the woman you had married wasn’t the one you should have, that the one you loved wasn’t the one waiting at home for you.
They finished their game and said goodnight. He changed out of his clothes and into his pajamas, and lay down in bed before he let it take him. They knew, both of them, that it was too late. It wasn’t a regret, or even a chance untaken. It was just a choice they had never made, and nothing more. There was a gentle sadness in him, a vast wondering question in his heart. He closed his eyes and took a deep breath before he heard the door open behind him in the dark. Soft footsteps crossed the floor, and his blanket lifted. Rolling over, he put his arms around her and pulled her close, holding her tightly as tears dropped silently onto his pillow.

title: The Cabin

question: Why does the cabin have a smell?

answer: Because it was not used for a couple of years.

question: What is the protagonist's relationship with Jenny?

answer: They are close friends for 30 years but now they realize they love each other.

question: Why does Jenny come earlier?

answer: She intends to air the cabin out.

question: Why did the protagonist and Janny go camping?

answer: Because Janny wanted to get away from everything and everyone that reminded her of her college sweetheart that had left her.


text:
FEATURES:

1.  The bowl sings very easily and produces a rich, harmonic and soothing sound that lasts for a long duration.
2.  Produce energetic and vibrating sounds which provided stress-free relaxation.
3.  These singing bowls have been used for meditation, music, relaxation, personal well being, healing energy and chakra creation etc.
4.  They are used by a wide range of professionals, including health professionals, school teachers, musicians and spiritual teachers.
5.  Singing bowls are used in health care by psychotherapists, massage therapists, cancer, and stress and meditation specialists.
6.  They are used to help treat cancer patients and also for post-traumatic stress disorder.
7.  A type of energy medicine that promotes healing from stress disorders, pain, depression and more.

SPECIFICATION:

+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Model(OPTIONAL) | Material        | Weight          | Size            |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  #1Bowl 8cm     | Copper          | 248g            | 8*4.5cm/3.15*1. |
|                 |                 |                 | 77in            |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  #2Bowl 8.5cm   | Copper          | 259g            | 8.5*5cm/3.35*1. |
|                 |                 |                 | 97in            |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  #3Bowl 8cm     | Copper          | 221g            | 8*4cm/3.15*1.57 |
|                 |                 |                 | in              |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  #4Bowl 8.5cm   | Copper          | 280g            | 8.5*4.2/3.35*1. |
|                 |                 |                 | 65in            |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  Bowl Cushion   | Cloth           | 24g             | 8cm/3.15in      |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|  Wood Striker   | Wood            | 35g             | 13cm/5.12in     |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

Color: As pictures shown

PACKAGE INCLUDES:

1 x Singing Bowl with Wood Striker

1 x Bowl Cushion (NEED TO PURCHASE SEPARATELY)

1 x Wood Striker (NEED TO PURCHASE SEPARATELY)

NOTE:
1. Please allow 1-2mm error due to manual measurement. Thanks for your understanding.
2. Monitors are not calibrated same, item color displayed in photos may be showing slightly different from the real object. Please take the real one as standard.

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SHIPPING AND DELIVERY

We are proud to offer international shipping services that currently operate in over 200 countries and islands world wide. Nothing means more to us than bringing our customers great value and service. We will continue to grow to meet the needs of all our customers, delivering a service beyond all expectation anywhere in the world.

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  ------------------------- --------------------------
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question: When was the article written?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What product is being described?

answer: A singing bowl

question: What company is selling the item?

answer: CouponGate

question: What material is the bowl made of?

answer: Copper

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article describes the potential uses of a singing bowl available for purchase and then describes the logistics of shipping and delivery.


text:
HAIR LOSS

HOME > MEDICAL REFERENCE > HAIR LOSS

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hair Loss in Guinea Pigs

While there are many possible reasons for hair loss, the most common reason by far is microscopic MANGE MITES, a painful parasitic condition easily treated with ivermectin. FUNGAL INFECTIONS are a close runner-up.

OLD AGE does not cause hair loss. Any hair loss in an older guinea pig should be investigated.

_Check over this list for the possible causes of hair loss:_

NATURAL HAIR LOSS

-   Naturally occurring BALD SPOTS BEHIND THE EARS
-   SHEDDING HAIR

MECHANICAL HAIR LOSS

-   BARBERING:"Hair cutting" by another artistic, jealous, or bored pig
-   SELF-BARBERING
-   WAR WOUNDS AND ABRASION (and other miscellaneous mechanical hair removal)

PARASITES
Extremely common. Treat any pig with suspected MANGE MITES with ivermectin.

-

    _Read more:_ PARASITES

FUNGUS

Often starts on the face, usually easily treated with an anti-fungal cream.

-   _Read more:_ FUNGUS

METABOLIC HAIR LOSS

-   VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY: can be hard to identify, signs may suggest other illnesses and a deficiency may also compound other problems.
    -   _Read more:_ SCURVY
-   POSTPARTUM and HORMONAL hair loss, usually bilaterally symmetric. _Important to note that the stress of birth may lead to an outbreak of mites._
-   BACTERIAL INFECTION _Cryptococcosis or staphylococcal dermatitis_ lesions and associated hair loss, usually occurring on the trunk (Harkness and Wagner)
-   LOW PROTEIN DIETS (under 15% CP) (Harkness and Wagner)
-   ANIMALS NEAR WEANING AGE Thinning of hair is frequently observed in young animals at time of weaning and is associated with "the period of transition between loss of baby fur and appearance of more coarse guard hairs". (from online article - vetpath/POLA/GUINEA_PIG.BUNTE.94, no longer online)

Bald Spots Behind The Ears

[Naturally occuring bald spots behind the ear of a guinea pig.] The new guinea pig owner, after reading about hair loss and mites, lice and fungus diseases, will hurriedly run over to check their own pig, and be alarmed to find that it has what appear to be a couple large, fur-less areas behind the ears. Hours after I got home to thoroughly examine my new guinea pigs, I noticed the _very_ large bare area in the back of (and wrapping slightly around the front) of my soft white pig's ears and dashed off a note to the breeder asking if I "needed to continue treatment" for whatever was the problem. She assured me they were supposed to be that way; it is genetic and they provide a good place to kiss a guinea pig. I have since taken her advice. It appears that as long as the skin seems healthy, this is just the way they are.

A description of these bald areas:

-   "These Bald spots are referred to as "the hairless areas" (Curtis sine pilis) and are usually about 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. As a rule, no hairs grow in this region, however, sometimes a few scattered hairs may be present. The hairless area is larger in albino pigs and in colored animals the skin is usually more darkly pigmented than the remaining skin. The area not only lacks hair, but is also free of sweat and sebaceous glands." (Reprinted from "Anatomy of a Guinea Pig, Cooper & Schiller 1975) [Go Up]

Shedding

Long haired guinea pigs tend to shed more than short haired ones. While this may be normal and some guinea pigs seem to shed excessively, it is important to note that shedding may be one of the early signs of a parasite or fungal infection. Watch for general thinning of the coat, excessive scratching, sores, dandruff (more visible in darker colored guinea pigs) or other indications your pig may need treatment.

Daily brushing with a metal greyhound comb will help remove some of the loose hair and lessen shedding. [Go Up]

[Hair loss, barbering.] Barbering

Although they may have all the hay they want, no lack of nutrients, and ample space to move about, some guinea pigs are bound and determined to chew on the hair of their cage mates. Apart from isolating the industrious guinea pig, there is little that can be done to effectively curb this behavior. Application of "bitter apple" is claimed by some to work, but others just accept having a "designer pig" or provide private living quarters for the offender. If you are not showing your guinea pigs, this should not be a very serious concern.

[Hair loss, barbering.]SELF BARBERING: Other pigs (like the two pictured here) barber themselves. Evangeline's black and white guinea pig would have hair 3 to 4 inches long if it weren't for her tendency to trim her hair shorter. Barbering can also be triggered by pain or discomfort (gas, bloat, or other discomfort). Tumors have occasionally been found internally in the barbered location.

Pinta's guinea pig, Abigail, continually barbers her legs. It seems to be a neurotic habit. _Photos of self-barbering sows contributed by Evangeline and Pinta._ [Go Up]

War Wounds, Abrasion, And Miscellaneous Mechanical Hair Loss

[] A few guinea pigs are fighters, not lovers, and skirmishes may result in hunks of hair being yanked out of some unfortunate guinea pig's pelt by a more aggressive one. Some owners will try to let them work things out on their own, only separating them if one is severely being victimized. A very young child may pull out a guinea pig's hair. In another case, a combination of unprepared vet and uncooperative guinea pig resulted in a painful patch of fur loss. And V.C.G. Richardson reported a case where a guinea pig kept outside was losing hair to a robin to provide nesting material! (_Diseases of Domestic Guinea Pigs_)

The environment they live in may provide clues to other hair losses, such as hair being rubbed off the back by running in and out of living quarters or a plastic tunnel.

Guinea pigs usually have bald spots inside the front legs (see photo at right), perhaps as a result of grooming, with the hair being continuously rubbed off by cleaning their faces and eventually failing to regrow.

Baby guinea pigs will occasionally loose the hair from their noses when nursing. _Photo contributed by Cheryl Hustwith._ [Go Up]

Hormonal Causes

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: When associated with pregnancy and lactation or an ovarian cyst, these will generally be _bilaterally symmetric_. Intensively bred sows especially in the last trimester may experience thinning and loss of hair. Repeated breeding will result in increasing loss of hair during pregnancy and lactation. It is "thought to be due to reduced anabolism of maternal skin associated with the rapid increase in fetal growth. Nutritional and genetic factors are also involved and affect degree of alopecia." (VetPath)

CUSHINGS DISEASE: Pinta has a pig that she initially thought had mites, and then cysts due to the hair loss. An ultrasound revealed enlarged adrenal glands. It turned out to be Cushings disease. "Tiramissou is now on daily doses of L-deprenyl." The most recent information indicates that Tiramissou has total hair regrowth. "We think it's due to the laser treatments although there is an outside possibility that the L-deprenyl finally reduced the adrenals enough to normalize her hair growth." See Tiramissou's CASE HISTORY.

An ultrasound can aid in diagnosis. If your vet uses an ultrasound, take a comparison pig of the same sex, size and age if possible. Guinea pigs have small adrenal glands (3 to 4mm) and most technicians will have no idea what's normal without a pig for comparison.

OVARIAN CYSTS: Hormonal changes in sows that develop ovarian cysts can cause hair loss, usually appearing first on the sides.

-   _Read more:_ OVARIAN CYSTS [Go Up]

question: What is the most common reason for hair loss in guinea pigs?

answer: The most common reason is microscopic mange mites.

question: Describe a type of metabolic hair loss.

answer: Bacterial infection causes metabolic hair loss and lesions and usually occurs on the trunk of the animal.

question: What are mange mites?

answer: They are a painful parasitic condition that can cause hair loss in guinea pigs.

question: What advice did the author take?

answer: The author talked to the breeder about their guinea pig's bald spots behind its ears. The breeder told them that it is genetic and a good place to kiss a guinea pig.

question: What are the hormonal causes for hair loss in guinea pigs?

answer: Pregnancy, lactation, Cushing's disease, and ovarian cysts

question: Can a guinea pig be given vitamins for hair loss?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Describe "war wounds".

answer: It's not clear, but war wounds seem to be from when guinea pigs fight each other.

question: What is "self-barbering"?

answer: Some pigs barber themselves by trimming their own hair shorter. It can be triggered by pain or discomfort.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This document discusses hair loss in guinea pigs.


text:
_TIRATHABA LEUCOSTICTALIS_ is a species of moth of the family Pyralidae.[1] It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1903. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.[2][3]

The wingspan is about 26 mm. The forewings are deep flashy red, deepest on the costal half. There is a small dull whitish spot in the middle of the wing at one-third from the base and a second, much smaller one in a longitudinal line at one-third, and a third midway between those two. The hindwings are greyish, faintly tinged with fuscous on the posterior half.[4]

[1]

[2] “_Tirathaba_ Walker, 1864” at Markku Savela's _Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms_. Retrieved June 12, 2017.

[3]

[4] _Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia_ 27 (1) : 50

title: Tirathaba leucostictalis

question: What is Tirathaba leucostictalis?

answer: A species of moth in the family Pyralidae

question: Who first described it?

answer: Oswald Bertram Lower in 1903

question: Where is it found?

answer: Australia

question: What characteristics define the species?

answer: Wingspan about 26mm; forewings deep flashy red; small dull whitish spot in the middle of the wing, one at one third, one midway between those two; hindwings are greyish.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Tirathaba leucostictalis is a species of moth in the family Pyralildae. First described in 1903 by Oswald Bertram  Lower, it is found in Australia, recorded in  Queensland. The species is characterized by a wingspan of 26mm; forewings that are deep flashy red; a small dull whitish spot in the middle of the wing, another at about a third, and one more midway between those two; it's hindwings are greyish.


text:
She peered at me with that stare, the one I dreaded, the one that told me, without a doubt, that I had just wronged. Her gorgeous blue-green eyes turned from vivacious to judging, and her nose shriveled in a half sneer. I rubbed my hands nervously over the pointy grass beneath us. What did I just say? I thought with a sigh.

A lonely car drifted by on the street in front of us. I became aware of the ants marching relentlessly on the tree beside me, one followed by another.

“I’m sorry, I, that’s not what I…” My voice trailed off like a dried up stream. She looked away. She didn’t want to hear it, and only leaned further back on her arms and cast her eyes at the cloudy night sky. I could almost see the process unfolding in her mind; another phrase of my mine had been added to her tally list of hurtful things I have said to her. The words had escaped my mouth before I had a chance to catch the idea. I’m sure if I had questioned the thought, I would have found that it wasn’t mine. If it was not my thought, then from where did it originate? That question lingered in my head. Why did I say what I clearly did not mean?

The words I had said echoed painfully in my head. “YOU are going to study at the beach? I doubt it,” I had told her coldly. I had sniggered, and then looked away.

Several months later, I went to a New Year’s party of hers. Everyone was bumping elbows, jockeying for couch space, buzzing at each other with conversation.

“Did you see that YouTube video?”
“I can’t believe that guy survived. The news that day was ridiculous.”
“So, what’s up with Dave and Samantha? I saw on facebook that they’re a thing now.”
“Did you read that article on the LHC I sent you? Science blows my mind.”

Of course, the center of the party was the television. More so than our party, Time Square was packed. The energy of the crowd was such that it created an illusion of it being a single living creature, a fuzzy slug engulfing the street. All the people were happy just to be there, on the TV, surrounded by TV’s. There were lists rolling down the screen with “tweets” and facebook messages from people all over the world. It was an amazing conglomerate of recursive media attention; it was as if the party, and the entire nation, was stuck in a prefabricated loop of ideas and modes of communication.

I was caught up in the excitement. It felt as if my brain had been sloshing against the side of my head, and I was letting the pop culture references flow freely. Gleaming cardboard decorations danced around me as I swung from conversation to conversation, saying whatever my mind would recall. I engaged in gossip with a friend of mine, and I mentioned that several of my friends were leaving for the summer.

“Oh, I’ll hang out with you before I go to college!” she exclaimed, sporting a sincere smile across her face.

“Oh, no, I’ve got stuff to do. I don’t need to hang out with you.” I replied.

I wanted to leap forward and catch those words. I wanted to tackle those words to the ground and teach them a lesson. It had happened again. That thought was not mine.

She blinked dejectedly and shook her head slightly as if she really couldn’t believe how mean I had just been. She looked away and walked elsewhere. I started to call after her, but I hesitated. It was useless, the damage was done.

Later that night, after the ball was dropped and the party dispersed, the realization came to me. It’s not me who thinks up the cruel, hurtful comments that slip past my lips. It’s the media I interact with. The television shows, the news programs, the YouTube clips all contribute sound bites and snippets that stay engrained in my brain. They give me easy, prefabricated, and cool responses to any situation. They have become such a horribly influential part of me that I regurgitate them even when I am nowhere near media. Media, I realized, had begun to think for me. And there is no one to blame but myself. I had allowed myself to become incorporated into the feedback loop of media; indeed, I began to notice that I often used my phone as a substitute for face to face interaction. For example, it is much easier to gain attention by posting an adorable picture on the internet than it is by having meaningful contact with my peers. All one has to do to gain notoriety on the internet is follow the formulaic approach: take a picture of an animal, a group of friends, or the outdoors, apply a filter, and upload. No need for the hassle of actual thought.

From the end of the party onward, I began teaching myself to think about what I say, regardless of the atmosphere. I learned to recognize the “buzz” I feel in my brain when I am no longer fully in control of what I am saying. I try every day to be a better, less judgmental friend, because what matters most to me is how I impact people on a day to day basis. Recently, I’ve noticed that friends and acquaintances are becoming more open to talk to me. They talk to me about things that actually matter in their life, from personal relationships to global politics, and it has lead me to realize that when I can converse with them under less influence from media, I have the potential to actually make a positive difference in people’s lives. I abhor hurting people, and I can only hope that one day, media will cease to be a large part of what defines me.

title: [NF] I am my media

question: What realization does the narrator have about herself?

answer: The realization that the narrator has about herself is that the cruel, hurtful comments that slip past her lips are from the media that she interacts with. The television shows, YouTube clips, and news program are all engrained in her brain. Media has a horrible influence on her and she has no one to blame but herself.

question: How does the narrator try to work on herself?

answer: The narrator tries to work on herself by teaching herself to think about what she says, despite the atmosphere. She tries every day to be a better person and a less judgmental friend. As she is working on herself, she has noticed that friends and acquaintances are becoming more open to talking to her.

question: Will the narrator make more friends as she works on herself?

question: Describe a moment of contention in the story.

answer: When the narrator was engaging in gossip with a friend of hers, she stated that many of her friends were leaving for the summer. The friend stated that she would hang out with her before she went to college. To this statement, the narrator said that she had stuff to do and that she didn't need her to hang out with. Immediately the narrator regretting this decision and she saw the look of dejection on her friends face and knew the damage was done.


text:
Kevin Hart to Katt Williams You Had Your Shot ... You Blew it On Drugs!!!

9/21/2018 6:59 AM PT

[] Breaking News

The Breakfast Club

KEVIN HART is riding hard for TIFFANY HADDISH ... telling KATT WILLIAMS to stop attacking her just because he blew his shot at superstardom on drugs.

Kevin lashed out at Katt Friday morning on "THE BREAKFAST CLUB," telling him, "You had the shot! You were set up to be the star. You didn't show up to work! You f**ked off promo shoots!"

Tiffany was with Kevin when he went off. You'll recall, a week ago Katt BLASTED TIFFANY for leapfrogging over dozens of other comedians who he feels were more deserving of Hollywood fame. But, Kevin says it's time for Katt to quit bitching and take responsibility.

He CALLED HIM OUT DIRECTLY, saying, "Have you ever used your platform to f**king bring the people that were under you up? You haven't! So, because you haven't, don't s**t on those that now are!!"

As for why Kevin thinks Katt hasn't become a huge movie star -- "He chose drugs" and that scared off the studios.

Smell that? Fresh beef on the grill.

question: Who is Kevin Hart lashing at?

answer: Katt Williams

question: Where did Kevin lash out?

answer: Kevin lashed out on The Breakfast Club.

question: Why did Katt blast at Tiffany?

answer: Katt blasted at Tiffany for leapfrogging over dozen of other comedians who he felt were more deserving of Hollywood fame.

question: What was Kevin's response to Katt blasting at Tiffany?

answer: Kevin believes Katt should quit bad-mouthing and take responsibility.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer:
Kevin Hart is riding hard for Tiffany Haddish telling Katt Williams to stop attacking her because he blew his shot at superstardom on drugs.

A week ago, Katt blasted Tiffany for leapfrogging over dozens of other comedians who he felt were more deserving of Hollywood fame.


text:
Professional networks are essential to growing and maintaining one’s passion in any line of work. As teachers, we have traditionally found professional learning networks (PLNs) in our buildings, but in the digital age there are no boundaries: PLNs can exist on any social media platform, which creates endless possibilities for sharing, mentorship, and growth as teachers.

It’s now entirely possible to have a PLN that spreads out across this country and even around the world—people whose voices you’ve never heard and whose faces you’ve never seen. Although these digital relationships may not be personally close, they can be immensely powerful in terms of influencing pedagogy. And the fact that there isn’t always a personal relationship creates a nice amount of autonomy for both parties in these relationships—when you aren’t face to face on a regular basis, it’s easier to take the ideas you want from your network and make them your own, or to leave the network when you’re ready.

Building a Digital PLN

How can teachers create digital PLNs that are meaningful and powerful? Choosing a digital medium and connecting with other professionals can be overwhelming. It’s important to remember that, unlike with personal mentoring relationships, a PLN really doesn’t require a personal connection. You follow someone on Twitter who provides you with links to resources, inspiration, and advice through their tweets—they may not even realize how they’re helping you. And you can follow multiple role models for different purposes (e.g., one for subject-specific resources, another for general classroom management).

The first thing to consider when dipping your toe into a digital PLN is what you want out of it. Is a personal, reciprocal relationship important to you? Or are you happy quietly following a person or group online without much interaction? Are you seeking others to vent with and to share best practices and resources, or inspiration from innovative, cutting-edge teachers? You’ll also need to consider how you enjoy interacting online—do you lean toward visual, auditory, or textual learning and communication? This process may take some trial and error, but you’ll know once you’ve got the right fit.

There are a variety of social platforms you can use to create a PLN: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Teachers Pay Teachers, Pinterest.

Once you’ve determined your purpose and the platform that’s right for you, start seeking people to connect with and follow. I strongly suggest creating a professional account if you already have social media accounts. This will help you identify as a teacher seeking a PLN. Your username should reflect your purpose. For example, my teacher accounts use the name Teacherevolution, and my bio on these accounts clearly states my professional interests: English and literacy, secondary education, 21s-century learning, and inquiry-based learning. Many social media programs allow you to select interests or topics of interest to you, which will help you connect with other teachers.

Growing the PLN

The beautiful thing about social media programs is that once you start following or friending certain types of users (e.g., math teachers), the program will suggest other users with similar profiles. Moreover, when you begin following and interacting with certain types of users, you’ll also see comments and posts from other, similar users—and thus your personal PLN will begin to bloom.

This is the point where you need to make a decision about how invested you want to be in your digital PLN and what role you’ll play online. Are you strictly seeking resources and inspiration? Or do you also want to share your own ideas, practices, and resources with others? Many teachers on digital platforms start out as recipients of ideas and resources. As they begin to interact online and become comfortable doing so, they also begin sharing their own experience and resources, and before they know it, they’ve become an inspiration to others.

The more time you spend commenting and interacting on your social network, the stronger your digital relationships will become. This is when mentorship can get more personal and actual relationships can develop. Many teachers like the anonymity of digital PLNs and this isn’t for them, while others seek out small digital networks with a specific purpose like sharing resources and ideas about a particular grade level or subject.

Digital PLNs can seem complex at first, and they are multidimensional and dynamic. Social media platforms allow these relationships to grow on a variety of levels and for a wide variety of purposes. Regardless of an individual teacher’s personal preferences, the possibilities for professional growth are enormous.

question: What is a professional learning network (PLN)?

answer: It's a group of learning professionals (teachers, etc) that share insight and knowledge to become better teachers.

question: What is the most crucial advantage of digital networks compared to the old-time personal networks?

answer: The freedom to be anonymous helps some people while others enjoy more strict and goal-oriented networks.

question: Is it possible to have personal connections in a PLN?

answer: While a PLN is digital, the people in the network are still people. As one grows more comfortable interacting in a PLN, one can form personal connections.

question: What purposes can a PLN have?

answer: They can be about general classroom management, topic-oriented (how-to-teach a math subject for example), and many more.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Professional learning networks (PLNs) in the 21st-century offer great advantages. Since they can be from all around the world, a teacher can find exactly the kind of content they require. It's also common that teachers start as recipients and eventually grow to be more comfortable sharing. Social media platforms allow for these networks to grow on a variety of levels and purposes.


text:
3 ½”

Rabbit snapped the tape measure shut. It was shorter today than it had been in a long time in spite of the fact that he had been feeding and watering it faithfully, in the exact ways that the doctor had ordered.

Although it was shrinking, Rabbit, was proud of its beauty. He kept it well pruned, trimmed and styled. It was shaped in a unique and individual way. Rabbit only wished that it would grow, so that he would have more of it.

He was lucky though. This puny amount of sanity was compensated for by his huge cock. He didn’t need a lot of money, a big truck, or a woman much more beautiful than himself, all of which would weigh heavily upon the small beautiful object that he cared so much for. The rest of the world could, simply, go to hell. Between his lovely sanity, though small in stature, and his massive cock, Rabbit would always be full of satisfaction.

Even though it was small, easily stepped on, broken or misplaced, Rabbit enjoyed playing with his it. He would let it loose, close his eyes, and count to a hundred then search all over so that he could find it once again. Sometimes it hid under the sink, in the bathroom. Other times it got behind the water heater.

Rabbit took his sanity for walks, letting it run around on a long leash. He let it play with other peoples stiffer versions of itself. Sometimes it would make strange noises and he would have to force feed it pain killers to get it to quiet down. Most of all, Rabbit cherished watching it sleep, all curled up on the rug next to the fire. So peaceful, so quiet.

He pitied those who pushed their sanity so hard, expecting so much from it, forming it to what their bosses or television told them it should act or look like. So many people pushed it away, tempting it to run off and abandon them. “Relax,” Rabbit would say “It’s not how much you have, but how you use it that’s important.”  Or that they should, “let it go, and if it comes back it truly yours.”

But they rarely understood. People held tightly to their own versions sanity, choking it off, or kept it in small boxes, not letting it see the outside world. Fearful it may take fancy to something that wasn’t in their small controlled environment, or that it may hang upside down from the monkey bars at the playground and embarrass its owner.

Those people raced like rats, trying to make up for their deficiencies. Maybe if they simply used a smaller ruler they would be as content as Rabbit was.

title: 3 ½” (450 Words)

question: Who is the protagonist?

answer: Rabbit.

question: What is Rabbit measuring?

answer: His sanity.

question: Who did Rabbit pity?

answer: People who pushed their sanity so hard, expecting so much from it, forming it to what their bosses or television told them it should act or look like.

question: Who are the people racing like rats?

answer: Those who hold on too tightly to their sanity, then try to make up for their deficiencies.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Rabbit is a guy who is trying to keep and grow what is left of his sanity exactly the way the doctor ordered him to, and he is satisfied with his life. Rabbit pities people who push their sanity too hard, forming it to what others tell them it should look or act. He thinks those who hold on too tightly to their sanity are like racing rats.


text:
_CROWN FOR CHRISTMAS_ is a 2015 American made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Danica McKellar and Rupert Penry-Jones. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 27, 2015.

Plot

Allie Evans (Danica McKellar) is an American hotel maid who was fired for not getting an important guest's room ready in time. Overhearing her firing, a hotel patrons servant, Fergus (Pavel Douglas), hires her to be a governess for his employer's daughter in the country of Winshire. When Allie accepts and arrives in the country, she finds that Fergus' employer is King Maximillian (Rupert Penry-Jones) and that his daughter is Princess Theodora (Ellie Botterill) who had become mischievous since her mother's death. As Allie works for Theodora, she befriends the other staff members as King Maximillian is arranged by Chancellor Riggs (Colin McFarlane) to be engaged to Countess Celia (Alexandra Evans). Though Theodora has some objections to this as she thinks Allie would be a better match.

Cast

-   Danica McKellar as Allie Evans
-   Rupert Penry-Jones as King Maximillian
-   Ellie Botterill as Princess Theodora
-   Cristian Bota as Carter
-   Alexandra Evans as Countess Celia
-   Pavel Douglas as Fergus
-   Amy Marston as Miss Wick
-   Colin McFarlane as Chancellor Riggs
-   Emma Sutton as Mrs. Claiborne

title: Crown for Christmas

question: What genre is the film, Crown for Christmas?

answer: This film can be categorized as a romantic comedy.

question: Where did this film premiere?

answer: This film premiered on Hallmark Channel.

question: Who does the film star?

answer: It stars Danica McKellar and Rupert Penry-Jones.

question: When did the film premiere?

answer: It premiered on November 27, 2015.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes a romantic comedy, Crown for Christmas, and provides the plot and cast of the film.


text:
The GUADALUPE DARTER (_Percina apristis_) is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in the Guadalupe River system in Texas. It prefers fast rocky runs of small to medium-sized rivers. The darter is typically in length.[1]

[1]

title: Guadalupe darter

question: What is the Guadalupe darter?

answer: a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish

question: What is the scientific name of the Guadalupe darter?

answer: Percina apristis

question: Where is the Guadalupe darter found?

answer: in the Guadalupe River system in Texas

question: What color is the Guadalupe darter?

answer: the article does not contain this information

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Guadalupe darter is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish found in the Guadalupe River system in Texas.


text:
by:

Posted: Feb 21, 2018 / 07:45 AM EST / Updated: Feb 21, 2018 / 07:45 AM EST

This is an archived article and the information in the article may be outdated. Please look at the time stamp on the story to see when it was last updated.

COLUMBUS, Ohio — Two Democratic lawmakers in Ohio want assault weapons banned statewide in the wake of recent deadly mass shootings.

Sens. Michael Skindell and Charleta Tavares introduced legislation Tuesday making it a fifth-degree felony to possess or acquire a firearm considered an “assault weapon.”

That includes any automatic or semi-automatic firearm capable of accepting a detachable magazine with the capacity to accept ten or more cartridges. It also includes any semi-automatic firearm with a fixed magazine that can accept ten cartridges or more.

A similar bill the pair introduced in 2013 went nowhere in Ohio’s Republican-led Legislature.

However, their latest effort follows comments Monday by Republican Ohio Gov. John Kasich supporting limits of the ability to sell weapons often used in mass killings, such as the AR-15 rifle.

question: What does Senators Michael Skindell and Charleta Tavares want to do?

answer: To make it harder to sell weapons that can be used in mass killings.

question: How do they want to make it harder to sell weapons that can be used in mass killings?

answer: By passing a legislation that would make it illegal to possess or acquire and assault weapon such as AR-15 rifles.

question: What is an assault weapon?

answer: An automatic or semi-automatic firearm with capacities of 10 or more cartridges in detachable or fixed magazines.

question: Is there a similar bill?

answer: The two senators introduced a similar bill in 2013.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Like their similar attempt in 2013, Senators Michael Skindell and Charleta Tavares are trying to pass legislation that would make it illegal to own or buy assault weapons often used in mass killings. Assault weapons are automatic or semi-automatic firearms with detachable or fixed magazines with capacities of 10 cartridges or more.


text:
He inhales and draws back the string, stares down the target, releases and exhales. An eight, the next one would need to be higher. He nocks another, inhale and draw, release and exhale. Perfect ten. He sees something out of the corner of his eye, it's her, walking down the grove. He nocks another, inhale and draw, release and exhale. Perfect ten. She is closer now, nearly at the ropes. He nocks another, inhale and draw, release and exhale. A nine, he had felt her presence. She is behind him now, but says nothing and waits for him to empty his quiver. He nocks another, inhale and draw, release and exhale. Perfect ten, he has shown improvement.

He turns to her and hangs up the bow, stares into her eyes and she stares back at him. He shows her to the gate. They sit at the table and watch as the gunmen across the road volley at their targets. They share a smile as the youngest of her clan hits a plastic Native American and rejoices. He motions to the bow. She smiles and nods. He retrieves his arrows and picks up the bow for her. Their hands touch. He gets goose bumps but holds his resolve. He moves behind her and moves her hips sideways. They felt like they belonged in his hands. He moved his arms around and guided her fingers up the string. She felt his breaths against her back. He nocked the first arrow and helped to guide back the string. He stepped back and let her loose the arrow. It hit the target solid, a four, high and to the right. They both laughed. He moved in and helped her to aim. He stepped back and the arrow was loosed. A five, still high but centered. He moved in again. She liked it when he was close. A step back. A loosed arrow. A seven, low and to the left. She turned and looked at him. He simply nodded. Nocked, inhale and draw, release and exhale. A nine, she gets excited. She nocks her last arrow, inhale and draw, release and exhale. A ten. She embraces him and he embraces her.

He hangs up the bow and takes her picture next to the target. The arrows and bow need to be put away and so they leave to the archery shed. On the short walk up they meet with a nice lady from the kitchen, she mentions what a nice couple they make. He is taken about at first but then remembers the night before. At Sea Breeze, watching the meteor shower. Their hands held together by fingers, one set strong yet nimble, the other delicate yet longsuffering. Their lips embrace. He asks her the question. She says yes.

He jerks awake. It was pleasant, yet brutal. She wasn’t the Heart mender. He still longs for her but the ship has sailed. She was the shadow of a past that will always be remembered but will never be returned to in the same light. He questions his sense of perception. He questions his understanding of himself. He doubts. He fears. He rests no more.

title: Dream of Nightmare?

question: What does "perfect ten" mean here?

answer: It likely means the woman he sees is very attractive.

question: What is meant by her "clan"?

answer: The text is not clear, but perhaps it is her Native American tribe.

question: Why is the man taken about?

answer: The woman presumes they are a couple.

question: Who is the Heart mender (using the capitalization from the text)?

answer: He thought it was the woman in his dream, but realizes it was not.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A man has a dream about shooting targets with a woman he finds very attractive. They take a walk and a woman who works in the kitchen presumes they are a couple. The man wakes and realizes the woman was not the "Heart mender" after all.


text:
THE ROTTED were an English death metal/d-beat band formed in England in early 2008.

History

The band was formed from the ashes of death metal / grindcore ensemble Gorerotted by ex-members Ben Rotted, Tim Carley, and Phil Wilson, along with Gian Pyres (ex-Cradle Of Filth, Extreme Noise Terror, Christian Death, Screamin' Daemon) and Nate Gould (Ex-Screamin' Daemon) due to a musical progression and a desire for less limiting lyrical themes: the band themselves say that The Rotted and Gorerotted are two entirely different entities, with The Rotted incorporating more of a punk/D-beat style into their brand of death metal. Their debut album _Get Dead or Die Trying_ was released on Metal Blade Records worldwide in the summer of 2008, and unusually includes 2 instrumental tracks; 'A Brief Moment Of Regret', which was picked up and used by high street clothing store chain Topshop/Topman in their playlist during the summer of 2008, and a cover of the theme music from British Horror film 28 Days Later

Having completed a short UK tour in July 2008 with fellow Brits Ted Maul, the band went on to play festivals such as Wacken Open Air, Dynamo, Elsrock and Summer Breeze Open Air that same year. The end of 2008 saw The Rotted playing many club shows across the UK and Germany.

In July 2008 The Rotted announced that Wilson would quit the band for personal reasons; his last show with the band was at Wacken Open Air. He went on to form Symphonic Metal band Saturnian and was replaced by former Screamin' Daemon frontman Reverend Trudgill. Trudgill is a professional tattoo artist, a legally ordained minister, and even founded a cult known as The Church Of Daemonology in 2002.

In April 2009, the band headlined a tour with label mates and fellow UK bands Malefice and Anterior as part of the Metal Blade Assault tour, and also appeared at various festivals including Bloodstock Open Air, Hellfire and Hammerfest in the UK, Chaos Emergente in Portugal and Headbang in the Netherlands. They later went on to join Scottish pirate metallers Alestorm for a tour in December the same year, now as a 4-piece, having parted ways with guitarist Gian Pyres.

In July 2010 The Rotted put out a self-financed, self-released EP entitled _Anarchogram._ UK shows with Man Must Die and Sworn Amongst were undertaken in July, followed by European dates with Misery Index, Grave and Arsis in November, and finally 3 headline shows in Israel with The Fading in December.

In July 2011, 2 days before the band was due to perform at Obscene Extreme Festival, guitarist Tim Carley severed the end of the 5th finger of his left hand in an accident. After some reconstructive surgery the same day, the band announced all the summer's festival dates would go ahead as planned, albeit with Carley's damaged finger heavily bandaged.

The Rotted entered Parlour Studios in January and February 2011 with producer Russ Russell to recorded their second full-length album _Ad Nauseam_, which was released on 31 October through Candlelight Records. A single _Apathy In The UK_ was also released as a limited edition 7 inch vinyl on Hammerheart Records. A UK tour with Grindcore supergroup Lock Up and Dripback took place in December, from which footage for a video of the song 'Surrounded By Skulls' was collected.

In 2014, the band announced that their performance at the Camden Underworld on 20 September would be their last and that the former members would be concentrating on education, tattooing and other musical projects; Vocalist Ben has since joined Extreme Noise Terror, guitarist Tim currently plays in old time acoustic Gypsy/Ska/Punk band Jo Carley And The Old Dry Skulls, Nate Gould plays in Israeli Death Metal band Lehavoth and Reverend Trudgill co-owns Brighton tattoo studio Skinned Alive

Band members

Members

-   Ben McCrow – vocals, 2008-2014
-   Tim Carley – guitar, 2008-2014
-   Nate Gould – drums, 2008-2014
-   Reverend Trudgill - bass, 2008-2014
-   Phil Wilson - bass, 2008
-   Gian Pyres – guitar, 2008–2009

Timeline

{{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:110 bottom:60 top:0 right:20 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:2008 till:2014 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:2008 ScaleMinor = Increment:1 start:2008

Colors =

 id:Vocals     value:red         legend:Vocals
 id:Guitar     value:green       legend:Guitar
 id:Bass       value:blue        legend:Bass
 id:Drums      value:orange      legend:Drums
 id:Lines      value:black       legend:Studio_album
 id:Lines2     value:gray(0.5)   legend:EP

LineData =

layer:back
 at:06/05/2010 color:Lines2
 at:06/06/2011 color:Lines2
 at:06/06/2014 color:Lines2

 at:06/25/2008 color:Lines
 at:10/31/2012 color:Lines

BarData =

 bar:BM text:“Ben McCrow”
 bar:TC text:“Tim Carley”
 bar:GP text:“Gian Pyres”
 bar:PW text:“Phil Wilson”
 bar:MT text:“Matt Trudgill”
 bar:NG text:“Nate Gould”

PlotData=

width:9
 bar:BM from:01/01/2008 till:12/31/2014   color:Vocals
 bar:TC from:01/01/2008 till:12/31/2014   color:Guitar
 bar:GP from:01/01/2008 till:12/31/2009   color:Guitar
 bar:PW from:01/01/2008 till:08/01/2008   color:Bass
 bar:PW from:01/01/2008 till:08/01/2008   color:vocals width:3
 bar:MT from:08/01/2008 till:12/31/2014   color:Bass
 bar:MT from:08/01/2008 till:12/31/2014   color:vocals width:3
 bar:NG from:01/01/2008 till:12/31/2014   color:Drums

}}

Discography

As “The Rotted”

-   _Get Dead or Die Trying_ (CD, Metal Blade, June 2008)
-   _Anarchogram_ (EP, Anarchogram Industries, July 2010)
-   _Ad Nauseam_ (CD, Candlelight Records, October 2011)[1]
-   _Apathy In The UK_ (7-Inch single, Hammerheart Records, December 2011)
-   _Rotted Fucking Earth_ (7-Inch single, Hammerheart Records, July 2014)

[1]

title: The Rotted

question: What does the text say about The Rotted's U.S. tour?

question: What does the text say about The Rotted?

answer: The Rotted was an English death metal/d-beat band formed in England in early 2008. The band was formed by former grindcore ensemble Gorerotted members Ben Rotted, Tim Carley, Phil Wilson, along with Gian Pyres and Nate Gould. The band says that The Rotted and Gorerotted are two entirely different entities.

question: What does the text say about The Rotted's debut album?

answer: The Rotted's debut album was entitled "Get Dead Or Die Trying". It was released in the summer of 2008 under Metal Blade Records worldwide. The album unusually included two instrumental tracks. The first track "A Brief Moment Of Regret" was picked up and used by high street clothing store chain Topshop/Topman in their playlist during the summer of 2008. Another instrumental track was used as the theme music from the British Horror film 28 Days Later.

question: What does the text say about Reverend Trudgill?

answer: Reverend Trudgill replaced Phil Wilson as The Rotted's bassist when Wilson left the band for personal reasons in July 2008. Trudgill is the ex-frontman for Screamin' Daemon, and he stayed on until they disbanded in 2014. Aside from playing the bass, he is a professional tattoo artist and co-owns Brighton tattoo studio Skinned Alive. Trudgill is also a legally ordained minister who founded a cult known as The Church of Daemonology in 2002.


text:
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1.  Executive
2.  Careers

These pleadings are public record and as such can spiral out of your control

Sep 24, 2018  •   •  3 minute read

[]
Photo by Getty Images

_Postmedia may earn an affiliate commission from purchases made through our links on this page._

Although it made for some public entertainment, it could destroy this man’s career.

I was visiting a client, Flair Airlines, a couple of weeks ago when it received a call about an article that had just appeared in the media.

A former employee was suing. Flair had not yet even filed its defence but the press was on top of the story.

The article was about its former vice-president, Chris Lapointe, and stated that the reasons Flair provided for his dismissal included “attempts to defraud,” “conflict of interest,” “breach of fiduciary obligations,” “gross incompetence” and more. But Flair had provided the press with no information.

When I Googled “Chris Lapointe, Kelowna” the story appeared in the results list. The facts for that article had all been taken from Lapointe’s own publicly filed statement of claim. Without Flair having said a word, the public relations battle seemed to already be decided. Sometimes employees and their lawyers can be their own worst enemies.

In an era in which every employer Googles job applicants, why would anyone do this to themselves?

Generally, media lack the resources to have reporters hovering around courthouses waiting for interesting stories. I can assure you, it would usually be a very long wait. Almost invariably, if such a story appears, it is because a reporter was tipped off.

Did Lapointe or his law firm plant the story? Or was it someone Lapointe told, who, in turn, told someone else? I don’t know, but, if it was Lapointe or his counsel, could they not have anticipated that the story would read as it did? Even if they had nothing to do with the article’s appearance, should they not have anticipated what story might arise from their own statement of claim?

Another client was also contacted that week by a television station about one of its former and publicly prominent executives, forcing the company to delineate the reasons for her termination, rather than to allow her version of events to prevail.

In their haste to sue, employees too often forget that pleadings, i.e. statements of claim, statements of defence, etc., are a matter of public record.

It is not only what one states in the claim. Usually, dismissed employees do not publicize the reasons provided for their discharge, as Lapointe’s claim did. But a statement of defence, if cause for discharge is asserted, will do that.

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  I have had clients deciding not to sue for fear the employer’s public filing could create even greater publicity around their conduct than the initial firing

With the advent of #MeToo, I have had clients deciding not to sue for fear the employer’s public filing could create even greater publicity around their conduct than the initial firing.

For the same reason, many employers settle cases or decide not to appeal badly reasoned judgments rather than risk the publicity of the trial or appeal.

Few lawyers appreciate the potential public impact of their pleadings nor have the skills to deftly handle media inquiries when they arise. The reflexive response of not speaking about matters potentially before the courts is what is taught in law school — but it is almost invariably misguided. If a story is going to appear, your job should be to help shape it. If your lawyer lacks those skills, switch to a different one or obtain assistance from a crisis management/public relations firm.

But if you do communicate to the media, be cautious. Careless prognostication can result in an action for defamation.

Sometimes reportage on a court case has more impact than the outcome of the case itself. There is no excuse for parties and their counsel to not put their minds to how their pleadings may play out before the public and to ensure that they are equipped to deal with that if it does.

_• Howard Levitt is senior partner of__Levitt LLP__, employment and labour lawyers. He practises employment law in eight provinces.The most recent of his six books is War Stories from the Workplace: Columns by Howard Levitt._

_Twitter.com/HowardLevittLaw_

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question: What is the gist of the article?

answer: In their haste to sue, employees often forget that pleadings are a matter of public record. How a statement of claim or a statement of defense will be perceived by the media and the public is important to consider.

question: Summarize everything about Chris Lapointe.

answer: Chris Lapointe is the former vice-president of Flair Airlines. He sued Flair for wrongful dismissal. His statement of claim included Flair's reasons for dismissal, which are: "attempts to defraud," "conflict of interest," "breach of fiduciary obligations," "gross incompetence," and more. The reporting on the case may have a lot more of an impact on his career than the case itself.

question: What is common advice to law students about the media, and why is it a bad idea?

answer: Law students learn that it's better to make no public statements before a court case. However, if a report is going to be published, it should be a lawyer's responsibility to shape it.

question: What are the reasons for avoiding a court case about wrongful dismissals?

answer: Some clients fear the publicity around their former employee's public filing can create greater publicity around their conduct than the firing itself.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The former Vice-President of Flair Airlines may have jeopardized his career with misguided statements. His publicly available statement of claim includes Flair's reasons for dismissal: "attempts to defraud," "conflict of interest," "breach of fiduciary obligations," "gross incompetence," and more. Since these statements are public records, these can be googled. Few lawyers appreciate the importance of handling media inquiries deftly. If yours can't, it might be best to switch to a new one or hire a PR firm. Sometimes the reporting on a case has more impact than the case itself.


text: Yesterday I killed myself. This feeling; it is non-specific, weak, overwhelming during realisation. I sat watching myself yesterday, videos of a slow guitar, and sad words. I sat, oddly captivated by myself, and at moments forgetting it was me. I sat, for hours. And today, I sat; no longer interested in myself, nor any other self. The fact I am still here, however, has reigned in my attention with far more aplomb. I have no blood in my veins, nor pain in my heart, but mind is present and my body still adheres to my command. I have no reflection. If I am able to leave this room, I would not wish to do so. Regardless, I cannot find the exit. If this is a dream, I hope never to wake.

title: Very short story (134w).

question: Does the narrator have a reflection?

answer: No, the narrator lost their reflection.

question: Does the narrator want to leave?

answer: No, the narrator does not want to leave.

question: Does the narrator's body still respond?

answer: Yes, the narrator's body is responsive.

question: Can the narrator find the exit?

answer: No, the narrator cannot find the exit.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator killed themselves yesterday, and is no longer interested in themselves, or anything. The narrator does not want to leave, and couldn't even if they tried.