text:
SANDLAKE is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States.[1] It lies between Tillamook and Pacific City along Sandlake Road west of U.S. Route 101.[2]

The community is named after a nearby body of water called _Sand Lake_ along the Pacific coast. Postal authorities established a post office at this location on July 10, 1890, naming it _Hembree_ after the first postmaster, A. J. Hembree. It was renamed _Sandlake_ on January 18, 1898. The office remained open until May 1956.[3]

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title: Sandlake, Oregon

question: When was Sandlake founded?

answer: The foundation of the community isn't mentioned in the article. It must be around the time when the post office was established or earlier, which puts the date at 1890 at the latest.

question: What was the original name of the post office, and why?

answer: It was named Hembree after its first postmaster A. J. Hembree.

question: Why did the post office close down?

answer: The article doesn't say.

question: Where is the Sandlake community?

answer: It lies between Tillamook and Pacific City along Sandlake Road west of U.S. Route 101.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Sandlake is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, US. It's between Tillamook and Pacific City along Sandlake Road. The community is named after a nearby body of water. There was a post office at the location founded on July 10, 1890, and it remained open until May 1956.


split: train

text:
Tunis, Tunisia

Last October a Tunisian academic named Raja Ben Slama suggested on television that a top official charged with drafting Tunisia’s new constitution had watered down free speech protections in the document.

Those remarks may now land her in jail.

Two years ago Tunisians threw out their President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, ending five decades of dictatorship. An elected assembly has since been working to construct a democratic system. On Saturday it released a final draft constitution, which must now go to a vote.

Leaders say the document safeguards freedoms and reflects compromise among often combative political parties. But critics are singling out language they say could threaten basic rights and the workings of democracy.

“Democracy isn’t just elections, it’s accepting criticism,” says Ms. Ben Slama, who is under investigation for unjustly maligning a public official. “The law must be adapted to a new reality.”

While rights may be defined in theory, their exercise is often regulated in practice. Ben Slama’s ordeal helps show why Tunisians like her want their rights guaranteed. It also shows the need to reform old laws (like the one used against her) that were written to serve dictatorship yet are still on the books.

EXECUTIVE POWER

Tunisia’s previous constitution was enacted in 1959 under then-president Habib Bourguiba. It gave hefty powers to him and his successor, Mr. Ben Ali, including priority in lawmaking, control of the armed forces, the ability to appoint judges, and the power to name and dissolve the government at will.

But the primary tools of control were laws regulating everything from political parties, elections, and the courts to public gatherings, media, and freedom of speech – all enforced by compliant judges and lots of police.

Ben Ali was toppled in January 2011. The following December the 1959 constitution was scrapped, and early last year a newly-elected constituent assembly began drafting a new one. Debate has flared over what kind of system to adopt, the role of Islam, and concern for the status of women and free speech.

Meanwhile, courts have periodically used existing laws to go after critics and gadflies.

In June last year an appeals court upheld prison sentences for two men who posted caricatures of the prophet Mohammed online. In March the rapper Ala Yaacoubi, apparently still on the run from authorities, was sentenced in absentia to two years in prison for his YouTube video, “The Police are Dogs.”

Last week a military court was scheduled to begin trying Hakim Ghanmi, accused of insulting the army on his blog. He faces up to three years in prison if convicted, according to a May 28 statement by Amnesty International. His trial was postponed to this week.

A CRIME?

Ben Slama, the academic, strayed into trouble with a TV appearance in which she blamed Habib Khedher, the head coordinator for constitutional drafting committees and a member of the ruling Ennahda party, for editing a constitutional article protecting free speech in a way that critics said narrowed its scope.

“I said there was a problem of political ethics, and that [Mr. Khedher] didn’t respect the committee on rights and freedoms,” Ben Slama says.

Acting on a complaint filed by Khedher’s lawyer, a Tunis court began investigating Ben Slama for allegedly accusing a public official of an offense without evidence, punishable by up to two years in prison. Khedher declined to comment on the matter.

Ben Slama doesn’t deny her remarks, but nor does she feel she deserves jail. Her lawyer and cousin Sofien Ben Slama is fighting her case on technicalities, arguing that Khedher isn’t a public official as understood by the law in question.

UNCLEAR RULES

Meanwhile, Ben Slama’s and Khedher’s original dispute appears unresolved. Article 30 of the new constitution says the law regulates free speech, but does so in unclear terms, says Amna Guellali, Tunis researcher for Human Rights Watch. Another article, 48, sets conditions on how laws may limit free speech but doesn’t meet international standards, Ms. Guellali says.

Ultimately, “laws need to change,” says Sami Triki, a lawyer and member of Ennahda’s executive committee. “Punishment by prison for anything related to ideas is in conflict with freedom.”

One new avenue for change is offered by the new constitution, Mr. Triki says, which lays out plans for a constitutional court where Tunisians can challenge laws they say violate their rights.

Not everyone is convinced. The Tunisian Magistrates Association, which campaigns for an independent judiciary, says the new constitution gives politicians undue leverage in the constitutional court. Only three of the court’s 12 members are nominated by judges, while political leaders nominate the rest.

“The constitutional court will work more from a political point of view than a legal one,” says Anas Hmedi, a judge and member of the association’s executive bureau.

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Triki, from Ennahda, argues that political leaders and legislators should have a role in the court as part of a system of checks and balances.

Ben Slama stresses the need for ordinary Tunisians to be players, too, and work to make their voices heard. If her experience has taught her one thing, she says, it’s that “we still need to defend our freedoms.”

question: Who is Raja Ben Slama?

answer: She is a Tunisian academic, a free speech activist.

question: Who is Habib Khedher?

answer: Habib Khedher is a top official charged with drafting Tunisia’s new constitution.

question: Why does Slama criticize Habib Khedher?

answer: Slama blames Khedher for editing a constitutional article protecting free speech in a way that weakens free speech protections in the constitution.

question: What was the previous Tunisian constitution look like?

answer: The previous Tunisian constitution gave hefty powers to a president.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The Tunisian constitution that gave hefty powers to a president, including priority in lawmaking, control of the armed forces, the ability to appoint judges, and the power to name and dissolve the government at will, is to be changed. Habib Khedher is a top official charged with drafting Tunisia’s new constitution. Raja Ben Slama, a Tunisian academic, blames Khedher for editing a constitutional article protecting free speech in a way that weakens free speech protections in the constitution. She claims that Khedher didn’t respect the committee on rights and freedoms. Slama is being investigated by the court for allegedly accusing a public official of an offense without evidence and is facing two years in prison.


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Visit Our New Volvo Dealership Today

If it's time for an automotive change, visit our dealership. Once you experience our vast inventory and friendly staff, you'll be glad you took the time to see our new Volvo dealership in Knoxville.

question: What does the text say about used cars?

answer: Buying a new Volvo isn't right for all of the Volvo dealership's customers, but they also offer a wide array of used cars. They offer cars of a variety of models and manufacturers, and they insist that all of their offerings are reliable and heavily inspected.


text:
DIRK BOOTSMA (23 May 1936 – 5 October 2020) was a Dutch geneticist. He was a professor at the Erasmus University Rotterdam between 1969 and 2002. He and his research group discovered the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia and furthered the understanding of the nucleotide excision repair.[1]

Career

Bootsma was born on 23 May 1936.[2][3] He started his study of biology at Utrecht University in September 1953. He did his first DNA-research under professor Winkler.[4] In 1965 he obtained his PhD under Jacob A. Cohen from Leiden University with a thesis titled: “De invloed van röntgenstraling op de delingscyclus van in vitro gekweekte cellen”.[5][6] In the late 1960s Bootsma performed his compulsory military service at the Medical-Biological Laboratory of the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). There, he researched the influence of X-radiation on chromosomes in living cells.[7]

After obtaining his PhD, Bootsma joined the newly founded department of cell biology and genetics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam.[8] In 1969, he became a professor of genetics.[9] After recombinant DNA became available, Bootsma and his department made use of this technology.[10] In 1974 he organized the second Human Gene Mapping Conference in Noordwijkerhout.[11] Bootsma later lost his interest in gene mapping. He then turned to cancer research, relying on his earlier experiences at TNO. He focused on mechanisms that repaired DNA, especially in rare forms of skin cancer, and discovered several proteins in this field.[12] Bootsma had a special interest in chromosome 22, which was recently discovered to be involved in chronic myelogenous leukemia.[13] In 1982, the research team of Bootsma discovered the cause of this specific type of blood cancer: two broken chromosomes (9 and 22) which were attached mistakenly reattached to the other, leading to the Philadelphia chromosome.[14][15][16]

Another topic on which Bootsma furthered research from his time at TNO was DNA repair. He set up research into genetic disorders, especially xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). For this research Bootsma used human cells, being one of the first in the Netherlands to do so. With the developing of technology, especially the possibility to insert foreign DNA into humans and the discovery of recombinant DNA, Bootsma was able to further his study of XP. In 1984 his group was able to clone the repair gene ERCC1. When ERCC3 was also cloned this led to a solution for DNA repair in XP-patients by inserting them in their fibroblasts, leading to an overall furthered understanding of the nucleotide excision repair.[17]

Bootsma retired in October 2002, he was succeeded as group research leader by .[18]

Bootsma died on 5 October 2020, aged 84.[19]

Honours and distinctions

Bootsma was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization in 1976.[20] He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983.[21] Bootsma was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1991.[22]

Bootsma and Jan Hoeijmakers won the 1995 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine.[23] In 1996 Bootsma held the Rogier Soher Lecture of the International Agency for Research on Cancer.[24] In 2000 he won the Mauro Baschirotto Award of the European Society of Human Genetics.[25] In 2009 Bootsma's discovery of the relation between chronic myelogenous leukemia and the Philadelphia chromosome was incorporated in the Dutch canon of medicine.[26]

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title: Dirk Bootsma

question: How many years was Bootsma a professor at Erasmus University Rotterdam?

answer: 33 years

question: What did Bootsma do after getting his PhD?

answer: He joined the newly founded department of cell biology and genetics at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam.

question: What schools did Bootsma go to?

answer: He went to Ultrecht University to study biology and Leiden University for his PhD.

question: What happened in 1984?

answer: Bootsma's group was able to clone the repair gene ERCC1.

question: Why did Bootsma lose interest in gene mapping?

answer: That information can't be found in the article.

question: What did Bootsma do after his loss of interst in gene mapping?

answer: Bootsma turned to cancer research. He focused on mechanisms that repaired DNA, especially in rare forms of skin cancer.

question: How many honors and distinctions did Bootsma receive in the 1990s?

answer: 3

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article details the life, career, and accolades of the Dutch professor geneticist, Dirk Bootsma. He lived from 1936 until 2020. He and his research group discovered the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia and increased the understanding of the nucleotide excision repair.


text:
THOS. JOH. HEFTYE & SØN was a Norwegian bank company. It was one of the first commercial banks in Norway. Based in Christiania, it was founded in 1818[1] by Thomas Johannessen Heftye (1767–1827), an immigrant from Switzerland.[2] The bank remained in the family in the next generations, and both Henrik Heftye and Thomas Johannessen Heftye worked there.

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title: Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn

question: What is Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn?

answer: Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn was a Norwegian bank company. It was one of the first commercial banks in Norway.

question: Where was Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn based out of?

answer: Christiania

question: Who was Thomas Johannessen Heftye?

answer: He was a Swiss immigrant who founded the bank in 1818.

question: Who was Henrik Heftye?

answer: It is implied that he worked in the bank.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: Thos. Joh. Heftye & Søn was a Norwegian bank company. It was one of the first commercial banks in Norway. Based in Christiania, it was founded in 1818 by Thomas Johannessen Heftye (1767–1827), an immigrant from Switzerland. The bank remained in the family in the next generations, and both Henrik Heftye and Thomas Johannessen Heftye worked there.


text:
_NIGHT IN THE RUTS_ is the sixth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released in November 1979, by Columbia Records. Guitarist Joe Perry left the band midway through its recording. The album was initially produced at the band's Warehouse rehearsal space by Jack Douglas, who had produced Aerosmith's previous four albums, but later Columbia Records brought in Gary Lyons to replace Douglas as the producer.

Background

Recording of the album began sometime in the spring of 1979, but right from the beginning, there were delays. Hampered by rampant drug use, vocalist Steven Tyler had difficulty completing the lyrics and vocals. Bassist Tom Hamilton recalled: “We worked on the album, but we couldn't finish it. It was supposed to come out in June and be called _Off Your Rocker_, but there were no lyrics. It was a big crisis.” The band members were also in dire financial straits, with guitarist Joe Perry owing the band $80,000 for room service, which he planned to repay by recording a solo album. The relationship between Aerosmith and Jack Douglas also became frosty and unstable when the producer divorced his wife, whom the band had liked. This, combined with weak sales of _Draw the Line_, led to Columbia stepping in, with Douglas reflecting in the band memoir _Walk This Way_, "The label finally put a lot of pressure on them. It was: “Look at these sales numbers. Come up with another hit or there's gonna be trouble.' David [Krebs, Aerosmith's manager] thought I no longer exercised control over the band, which was true. No one did.”

With the album still unfinished, the band was sent on tour to generate revenue, as they had burned through the budget allotment. This premature outing during the summer months pushed the album's release to later in the year. “Our management booked a tour,” Hamilton noted, “leaving us just enough time to make the record, based on how long it'd taken us in the past, but we actually needed much more time. So we had to go on tour before the vocals were finished, and it was dragging on and on. Everyone was super-frustrated by it. It's ironic, because we were out on the road, playing stadiums to huge amounts of people, and yet the band was getting ready to die.”[1]

Substance abuse among the members gradually worsened, and they started fighting among themselves. This often led to missed and sloppy live performances, culminating in a fight involving the members and their wives. The situation came to a head on July 28, 1979, at the World Series of Rock in Cleveland, Ohio when Perry left the band halfway through the tour after a heated argument with Tyler. Prior to Perry's departure, he had completed guitar parts for “No Surprize,” “Chiquita,” “Cheese Cake,” “Three Mile Smile,” and “Bone to Bone (Coney Island White Fish Boy).” Guitar parts for the remaining songs were recorded by Brad Whitford, Richie Supa, Neil Thompson, and Jimmy Crespo. (The last became Perry's official replacement from 1979–84.) Perry's last session with the band was on May 30, 1979. He stated:

In his 2014 autobiography _Rocks_, Perry elaborated on his frustrations:

Recording and composition

Aerosmith spent the summer at Media Sound in New York trying to finish off the album with producer Gary Lyons. The band caught a second wind when Tyler came up with lyrics for a song he had been composing with Perry that “told the story of the band,” which became “No Surprize,” a song that Tyler has cited as his favorite. In the band's 1997 memoir _Walk This Way_, Tyler shared his thoughts on several of the album's tracks:

-   “Reefer Headed Woman” - “'Reefer Head Woman' was a 1940s blues record. I had the lyrics in a notebook that got stolen, and I had to call Dr. Demento from the Record Plant, where we finished the album, and the Doctor read the lyrics to me over the phone.”
-   “Mia” - “It was a lullaby I wrote on the piano for my daughter, but the tolling bell notes at the end of the song and the end of the album sounded more like the death knell of Aerosmith for people who knew what was going on.”
-   “No Surprize” - “For two months, I'd been totally blocked, writing lyrics for this track we had done with Joe. 'My name is nah nah nah, I come from Yonkers High, and I get drunk at night.' One night I had such a revelation to write the story of the band, how Aerosmith got started... I was so excited to be back on track.”
-   “Bone to Bone (Coney Island White Fish Boy)” - I had to explain to the press that a Coney Island whitefish is a used rubber."

Also included on the album was a cover of “Think About It,” a Yardbirds B-side from 1968 that Aerosmith had occasionally played live through the 70s. Tyler has expressed great satisfaction with _Night in the Ruts_, calling it his favorite album[2] and cryptically enthusing to Stephen Davis in 1997, “Heroin. Shooting coke. Eating opium and it was just... I love that album_Night in the Ruts_. It's like a fuckin' solar eclipse.” Perry also insisted to _Guitar World_ in 1997, “We were still fucked up, but the record sounds more cohesive than _Draw the Line_. _Night in the Ruts_ was a rockin' record.”[3] Promo videos for “No Surprize” and “Chiquita” were filmed (featuring Jimmy Crespo); however, these videos received little television airplay. “Chiquita” is available on the band's _Video Scrapbook_ VHS and laserdisc release.

Reception

The album was panned by contemporary critics and despite some early success, it quickly fell down the charts. _Rolling Stone_ writer David Fricke described the album's best tracks “like inspired outtakes from _Rocks_ and _Toys in the Attic_”, showing Aerosmith's return to their basic sound; however, he found “the deviations from this norm... disastrous, if not in concept then in execution”, as in the cover of Shangri-Las ballad “Remember (Walking in the Sand)” “wavering inconsistently between hard rock and the Spectorian grandeur of the original”.[4] _The Village Voice_ critic Robert Christgau considered the opening song “No Surprize” the only “promising” track on the album.[5]

Critic Greg Prato of AllMusic offered a more charitable commentary in a historical context, calling it “a surprisingly coherent and inspired album. Although it's not up to par with such classics as _Toys in the Attic_ or _Rocks_ (although it could have been if the band weren't in such a state of turmoil at the time), it was definitely leaner and more focused than the [band's previous] studio release, _Draw the Line_.”[6]

Track listing

Personnel

AEROSMITH

-   Steven Tylerlead vocals, keyboards, harmonica, piano, cover art concept
-   Joe Perryguitar, slide guitar and backing vocals on “No Surprize”, “Chiquita”, “Cheese Cake”, “Three Mile Smile”, and “Bone to Bone (Coney Island White Fish Boy)”
-   Brad Whitfordguitar
-   Tom Hamiltonbass guitar
-   Joey Kramerdrums

ADDITIONAL MUSICIANS

-   Mary Weissbacking vocals on “Remember (Walking in the Sand)”
-   Richie Supa - additional guitars on “No Surprize” and “Mia”
-   Jimmy Crespolead guitar on “Three Mile Smile”
-   George Youngalto saxophone on “Chiquita”
-   Louis del Gattobaritone saxophone on “Chiquita”
-   Lou Marinitenor saxophone on “Chiquita”
-   Barry Rogerstrombone on “Chiquita”
-   Neil Thompsonguitar on “Chiquita”

PRODUCTION

-   Gary Lyons - producer with Aerosmith, engineer
-   David Krebs, Steve Leber - executive producers, management
-   Peter Thea, Rod O'Brien - assistant engineers
-   George Marino - mastering at Sterling Sound, New York
-   John Berg, John Kosh - art direction, design
-   Jim Shea - photography
-   Vic Anesini - remastering

Charts

Album

             Year                     Chart           Position
  -------------------------- ----------------------- ----------
             1980             _RPM_ 100 (Canada)[7]      8
   _Billboard_ 200 (US)[8]             14
   Japanese Albums Chart[9]            39

Singles

  Year                           Single                             Chart                            Position
  ------------------------------ ---------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------
  1980                           “Remember (Walking in the Sand)”   _RPM_ 100 Singles (Canada)[10]   29
  _Billboard_ Hot 100 (US)[11]   67

Certifications

  --------- -------------- ------ ----------------------------
  COUNTRY   ORGANIZATION   YEAR   SALES
  US        RIAA           1994   Platinum (+ 1,000,000)[12]
  Canada    CRIA           1997   Gold (+ 50,000)[13]
  --------- -------------- ------ ----------------------------

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title: Night in the Ruts

question: Why were Joe Perry and Steven Tyler constantly at loggerheads with each other during the production of their sixth studio album?

answer: It appears it was because of Steven's inability to function creatively without the dependence on drugs. His lyrics and vocal productions were not forthcoming, and because of it, their album release was pushed back.

question: How was Steven Tyler able to recollect himself to be back on track with the band to complete the production of the album?

answer: It may appear that Steven toned down his drug use, reconnected with his inner creative juice, and completed the song he and Perry started together.

question: Why was the album release delayed?

answer: The album release was delayed because some band members began abusing drugs and constantly quarreled, which led to their inability to focus and work in unison.

question: How did substance abuse negatively impact the band's creativity?

answer: They became sloppy with their live performances.

question: How well did the album perform commercially?

answer: The album received moderate success but not for long.


text:
The Baltimore Ravens on Monday dismissed offensive coordinator Cam Cameron and replaced him with quarterbacks coach Jim Caldwell.

Cameron's dismissal comes after the Ravens' 31-28 overtime loss to the Redskins on Sunday, their second straight defeat.

"My charge -- our responsibility as a coaching staff -- is to maximize the opportunities for our team to win, and we can still reach all of our goals for this season," coach John Harbaugh said in a statement announcing the move.

Caldwell said that while their will be a new voice with the Ravens' offense there will not be a new approach.

"Obviously, the Ravens offense is the Ravens offense," Caldwell said. "It's not a philosophical change. John sets the philosophy here with this team and we follow suit. We have a bunch of willing young men who are certainly do a tremendous job of pushing us forward."

Harbaugh called Monday's decision "the hardest thing I've ever had to do as a coach."

"There is a very human side to this," he said. "Cam is my friend, he taught me a lot about coaching, and he is an outstanding coach."

But in making the move, Harbaugh said he was doing what was best for his team.

"It's not about fair or unfair, right or wrong," he said. "We need a change. Our plan and our goals are to win games, win our division and get to the playoffs."

The Baltimore Sun, crediting unnamed sources, cited the Ravens' inconsistency on offense and quarterback Joe Flacco's development, of which the team hasn't seen significant progress.

Flacco is scheduled to be a free agent after this season.

After scoring 21 points in the first half Sunday, the offense's first four drives of the second half ended with Flacco's fumble, his interception deep in Washington's territory and two three-and-outs.

"We kind of stopped ourselves today," Flacco, who completed 16 of 21 passes for 182 yards and three first-half TD passes, said Sunday.

The Ravens (9-4) lead the AFC North by two games over Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. Baltimore is ranked 18th in total offense this season.

Baltimore's running game ranks 17th in the NFL despite the presence of Pro Bowl running back Ray Rice, who has topped the 100-yard rushing mark only three times (compared to six times last year). Rice led the NFL in yards from scrimmage in 2011.

Cameron, 51, joined the Ravens in 2008 after he was fired as coach of the Dolphins following a 1-15 season.

Caldwell, 57, was hired by the Ravens after being fired by the Colts after Indianapolis' 2-14 season in 2011.

Before taking over as head coach at Indianapolis, Caldwell spent seven seasons as the team's quarterbacks coach. Under his direction, Peyton Manning won three NFL MVP awards. In 2004, Indianapolis went 12-4 behind Manning, who threw for a career-high 49 touchdowns and just 10 interceptions.

_Information from The Associated Press was used in this report._

question: Who are John Harbaugh and Cam Cameron?

answer: John Harbaugh is the Baltimore Ravens' coach, and Cameron is their former offensive coordinator.

question: Why does Harbaugh dismiss Cameron?

answer: Because he wants to maximize the opportunities for our team to win.

question: How does Harbaugh feel about the dismissal?

answer: Harbaugh says that it was the hardest thing he's ever had to do as a coach because Cameron is his friend and an outstanding coach.

question: What is The Baltimore Ravens's aim for this season?

answer: Their aim is to win their division and get to the playoffs.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: John Harbaugh, the Baltimore Ravens coach, dismisses offensive coordinator Cam Cameron because he thinks that will improve the teams' chances to win their division and get to the playoffs. Harbaugh says that it was the hardest thing he has ever had to do as a coach as Cameron is his friend and an outstanding coach.


text:
ORMSIN CHIVAPRUCK (; born 1 April 1951) is a Thai civil servant and politician who served as Minister to the Office of the Prime Minister in the Cabinet of Thailand from 16 December 2016 to 24 November 2017.[1] He is a former President of Thailand Post.[2]

Early life

Ormsin was born on 1 April 1951 in Pathum Thani Province. He graduated high school level from Wat Hong Pathummawat School and then Bachelor of Economics from Aligarh Muslim University, India and Master of Business Administration from Kasetsart University continuous the Advanced Management Program from Harvard University, USA.

Career

He used to work under the Communications Authority of Thailand (CAT), holding the highest position as Deputy Governor of the Communications Authority of Thailand. Later, when being transformed into a public company he was then appointed as Senior Vice President of Finance and until being appointed as the President of the Thai Post Company Limited (TP) during the year 2007 to 2011.[3]

Later, after the coup in Thailand in 2014 under government administration of National Council for Peace and Order he was appointed Chairman of the State Railway of Thailand. Later in August 2015, Ormsin was appointed Deputy Minister of Transport in Prayut Chan-o-cha government. In December 2016, he was appointed as Minister for the Office of the Prime Minister instead.[4]

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[4] http://www.moesuphan.in.th/2017/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4/

title: Ormsin Chivapruck

question: When was Chivapruck born?

answer: April 1, 1951

question: When did Chivapruck serve as Minister to the Office of the Prime Minister?

answer: From December 16, 2016 to November 24, 2017

question: Where did Chivapruck receive his bachelor's degree?

answer: Aligarh Muslim University, India

question: What position was Chivapruck appointed to following the coup in 2014?

answer: Chairman of the State Railway of Thailand

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Ormsin Chivapruck is a Thai civil servant and politician. He was born in 1951, and served as Minister to the Office of the Prime Minister in the Cabinet of Thailand from 2016 to 2017.


text:
[Purple graphic banner with the Widen Summit dates — October 13-14, 2020. ]

Each year over 200 Widen Collective® digital asset management (DAM) practitioners gather at the Widen Summit to learn, make connections, and have fun.

This year’s event will be no exception, despite the shift from in-person to virtual. We’ve designed a highly-interactive agenda full of sessions that will advance your DAM skills and  inspire new DAM goals.

Here are a dozen reasons why you should join us October 13-14!

1. NO TRAVEL REQUIRED.

The upside of an all-virtual, no-hassle event is that you can participate from anywhere — for free! So invite a colleague (or your whole team) to join you.

2. SEE OTHER COLLECTIVE SITES IN ACTION.
With over a dozen customer stories, presentations, and show-and-tell sessions on our agenda, you’ll be able to learn by example — from others like you.

3. DISCUSS SHARED CHALLENGES.
In our roundtables — by topic and industry— you can compare notes with professionals that grapple with similar content needs and pain points.

4. GET A SNEAK PEEK AT FUTURE COLLECTIVE FUNCTIONALITY.
See how the most important trends in content, creative operations, and data have informed the top priorities in our product roadmap.

5. SEE WHO WINS THIS YEAR’S BEST DAM CONTEST.
Three customers. One winner. Watch admins from a variety of industries compete for the trophy in this year's Best DAM Contest, and vote for your favorite!

6. EXPAND YOUR PROFESSIONAL NETWORK.
Through a chat stream in each session and one-to-one messaging between participants, you’ll be able to meet new colleagues and build your peer network.

7. CONNECT WITH WIDENEERS.
Widen staff will be available via chat throughout the sessions and will be happy to schedule one-on-one meetings with attendees after the event.

8. GET AN UPDATE ON OUR FOURTH ROUND OF CONNECTIVITY RESEARCH.
This year we’re exploring ways marketers leverage data to create experiences that build trust with their customers. We’ll share a preview of initial insights and opportunities to participate in our remaining work.

9. FIND WAYS TO USE THE COLLECTIVE TO SUPPORT YOUR REMOTE TEAMS.
Because remote work is the new normal, tips for using the Collective to support virtual workflows will be woven across sessions and discussions.

10. STRETCH YOUR BODY (AND MIND).
Start your day with a gentle flow yoga class led by Widen customer success manager — and certified yoga instructor — Betsy Reznikoff. She'll help you prepare for all the Summit activity with sequences that will energize your body and quiet your mind.

11. LEAVE WITH ACTIONABLE GOALS.
With two days of tips, best practices, examples, and stories, you’re guaranteed to learn new ways to use the Collective in achieving your content and business goals.

12. ENJOY YOURSELF!
Each session is designed to be valuable, relatable, and down-right enjoyable. We’ll even have fun activities to wrap-up each day.

  I HAVE REALLY LOVED THE SUMMIT. I DID NOT REALIZE HOW GREAT IT WOULD BE TO BE WITH ALL THESE PEOPLE WHO KNOW EXACTLY WHAT I AM TALKING ABOUT...I GOT SOME FANTASTIC IDEAS.
  _— Katja Amyx, Production Designer and Digital Asset Specialist at Renewal by Andersen_

Why wait? Register today!

question: What is the Widen Summit?

answer: A gathering for Widen Collective digital asset managers.

question: What is a travel perk of the summit?

answer: There's no travel! It's all virtual.

question: When will it take place?

answer: October13-14,2020.

question: What are some of the perks of attending the conference?

answer: Connecting and networking.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: At the 2020 Widen Summit, held over October thirteenth to the fourteenth, over 200 Widen Collective digital assets managers are invited to connect in the hopes of expanding their networks, showcasing their work, and learning about collective functionality. The virtual conference is also a chance to see other collective sites in actions, and to stretch the body and mind through activities such as yoga class taught by a certified instructor, and other fun activities peppering each day's itinerary.


text:
The 2002 RISHON LEZION BOMBING was a suicide bombing which occurred on 7 May 2002 at a crowded game club located in the new industrial area of Rishon Lezion. 16 people were killed in the attack and 55 were injured.

The Islamic militant group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.

The attack

On Tuesday, 7 May 2002 at 11:03 pm, a Palestinian suicide bomber detonated a hidden explosive device within a crowded game club full of people located in the new industrial area of Rishon Lezion, only 10 km south of Tel Aviv, killing 16 civilians and injuring 55 people, 10 of them in critical condition.[1][2][3][4]

After the attack the Israeli police stated that the suicide bomber was carrying a briefcase full of explosives and in addition was also wearing an explosive belt. The police estimated that the total weight of explosives were between 7 and 8 kilograms, and stated that the briefcase contained also metal fragments and bolts in order to maximize the number of casualties in the attack.[5]

Fatalities

-   Pnina Hikri, 60, from Tel Aviv[6]
-   Sharuk Rassan, 42, from Holon[7]
-   Shoshana Magmari, 51, from Tel Aviv[8]
-   Anat Temporush, 36, from Ashdod[9]
-   Haim Rafael, 64, from Tel Aviv[10]
-   Daliah Massah, 64, from Nahalat Yehudah[11]
-   Nir Lobatin, 31, from Herzliya[12]
-   Avi Biaz, 26, from Nes Tziona[13]
-   Rahamim Kimche, 58, from Rishon Letzion[14]
-   Edna Cohen, 61, from Holon[15]
-   Yisrael Shikar, 45, from Rishon Letzion[16]
-   Yitzhak Bablar, 58, from Bat Yam[17]
-   Esther Bablar, 54, from Bat Yam[18]
-   Regina Malka Boslan, 62, from Tel Aviv[19]
-   Nawa Hinawi, 51, from Tel Aviv.[20]

The perpetrators

The Islamic militant group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.[21]

Aftermath

The attack was condemned by United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan.[22]

After the attack Irina Polishchuk, a Ukrainian illegal prostitute married the Palestinian-Arab Ibrahim Sarahne,[23][24] was caught and convicted of participating in the 2002 Rishon LeZion bombing for her part in delivering the bomber to the site of the attack.

Release of attack collaborator

On 18 October 2011 Irina Polishchuk, who was originally sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, was released to the West Bank as part of the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange between Israel and Hamas.[25]

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title: 2002 Rishon LeZion bombing

question: Summarize the role of the United Nations in this.

question: Summarize the bombing.

answer: The bombing occurred at a game club in Rishon Lezion, located 10km south of Tel Aviv. According to the police, the suicide bomber was carrying a briefcase full of explosives and also wore an explosive belt. In addition, the briefcase also contained metal fragments and bolts to maximize the damage. The bombing killed 16 and left 55 people injured.

question: What was the purpose of the attack according to the militant group Hamas?

question: Summarize Irina's participation in the bombing.

answer: Irina Polishchuk was an illegal prostitute who was convicted after the bombing for delivering the bomber to the site of the attack. She was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment but was released to the West Bank as part of the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange.


text:
In theoretical physics a NONRENORMALIZATION THEOREM is a limitation on how a certain quantity in the classical description of a quantum field theory may be modified by renormalization in the full quantum theory. Renormalization theorems are common in theories with a sufficient amount of supersymmetry, usually at least 4 supercharges.

Perhaps the first nonrenormalization theorem was introduced by Marcus T. Grisaru, Martin Rocek and Warren Siegel in their 1979 paper Improved methods for supergraphs.

Nonrenormalization in supersymmetric theories and holomorphy

Nonrenormalization theorems in supersymmetric theories are often consequences of the fact that certain objects must have a holomorphic dependence on the quantum fields and coupling constants. In this case the nonrenormalization theory is said to be a consequence of holomorphy.

The more supersymmetry a theory has, the more renormalization theorems apply. Therefore a renormalization theorem that is valid for a theory with 𝒩 supersymmetries will also apply to any theory with more than 𝒩 supersymmetries.

Examples in 4-dimensional theories

In 4 dimensions the number 𝒩 counts the number of 4-component Majorana spinors of supercharges. Some examples of nonrenormalization theorems in 4-dimensional supersymmetric theories are:

In an 𝒩 = 1 4D SUSY theory involving only chiral superfields, the superpotential is immune from renormalization. With an arbitrary field content it is immune from renormalization in perturbation theory but may be renormalized by nonperturbative effects such as instantons.

In an 𝒩 = 2 4D SUSY theory the moduli space of the hypermultiplets, called the Higgs branch, has a hyper-Kähler metric and is not renormalized. In the article Lagrangians of N=2 Supergravity - Matter Systems it was further shown that this metric is independent of the scalars in the vector multiplets. They also proved that the metric of the Coulomb branch, which is a rigid special Kähler manifold parametrized by the scalars in 𝒩 = 2 vector multiplets, is independent of the scalars in the hypermultiplets. Therefore the vacuum manifold is locally a product of a Coulomb and Higgs branch. The derivations of these statements appear in The Moduli Space of N=2 SUSY QCD and Duality in N=1 SUSY QCD.

In an 𝒩 = 2 4D SUSY theory the superpotential is entirely determined by the matter content of the theory. Also there are no perturbative corrections to the β-function beyond one-loop, as was shown in 1983 in the article Superspace Or One Thousand and One Lessons in Supersymmetry by Sylvester James Gates, Marcus Grisaru, Martin Rocek and Warren Siegel.

In 𝒩 = 4 super Yang–Mills the β-function is zero for all couplings, meaning that the theory is conformal. This was demonstrated perturbatively by Martin Sohnius and Peter West in the 1981 article Conformal Invariance in N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory under certain symmetry assumptions on the theory, and then with no assumptions by Stanley Mandelstam in the 1983 article Light Cone Superspace and the Ultraviolet Finiteness of the N=4 Model. The full nonperturbative proof by Nathan Seiberg appeared in the 1988 article Supersymmetry and Nonperturbative beta Functions.

Examples in 3-dimensional theories

In 3 dimensions the number 𝒩 counts the number of 2-component Majorana spinors of supercharges.

When 𝒩 = 1 there is no holomorphicity and few exact results are known.

When 𝒩 = 2 the superpotential cannot depend on the linear multiplets and in particular is independent of the Fayet-Iliopoulos terms (FI) and Majorana mass terms. On the other hand the central charge is independent of the chiral multiplets, and so is a linear combination of the FI and Majorana mass terms. These two theorems were stated and proven in Aspects of N=2 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in Three Dimensions.

When 𝒩 = 3, unlike 𝒩 = 2, the R-symmetry is the nonabelian group SU(2) and so the representation of each field is not renormalized. In a super conformal field theory the conformal dimension of a chiral multiplet is entirely determined by its R-charge, and so these conformal dimensions are not renormalized. Therefore matter fields have no wave function renormalization in 𝒩 = 3 superconformal field theories, as was shown in On Mirror Symmetry in Three Dimensional Abelian Gauge Theories. These theories consist of vector multiplets and hypermultiplets. The hypermultiplet metric is hyperkähler and may not be lifted by quantum corrections, but its metric may be modified. No renormalizable interaction between hyper and abelian vector multiplets is possible except for Chern–Simons terms.

When 𝒩 = 4, unlike 𝒩 = 3 the hypermultiplet metric may no longer be modified by quantum corrections.

Examples in 2-dimensional theories

In 𝒩 = (2, 2) linear sigma models, which are superrenormalizable abelian gauge theories with matter in chiral supermultiplets, Edward Witten has argued in Phases of N=2 theories in two-dimensions that the only divergent quantum correction is the logarithmic one-loop correction to the FI term.

Nonrenormalization from a quantization condition

In supersymmetric and nonsupersymmetric theories, the nonrenormalization of a quantity subject to the Dirac quantization condition is often a consequence of the fact that possible renormalizations would be inconsistent with the quantization condition, for example the quantization of the level of a Chern–Simons theory implies that it may only be renormalized at one-loop. In the 1994 article Nonrenormalization Theorem for Gauge Coupling in 2+1D the authors find the renormalization of the level can only be a finite shift, independent of the energy scale, and extended this result to topologically massive theories in which one includes a kinetic term for the gluons. In Notes on Superconformal Chern-Simons-Matter Theories the authors then showed that this shift needs to occur at one loop, because any renormalization at higher loops would introduce inverse powers of the level, which are nonintegral and so would be in conflict with the quantization condition.

title: Supersymmetry nonrenormalization theorems

question: What does the article say about nonrenormalization theorems?

answer: In theoretical physics a nonrenormalization theorem is a limitation on how a certain quantity in the classical description of a quantum field theory may be modified by renormalization in the full quantum theory. Renormalization theorems are common in theories with a sufficient amount of supersymmetry, usually at least 4 supercharges. Nonrenormalization theorems in supersymmetric theories are often consequences of the fact that certain objects must have a holomorphic dependence on the quantum fields and coupling constants. In this case the nonrenormalization theory is said to be a consequence of holomorphy. The more supersymmetry a theory has, the more renormalization theorems apply. Therefore a renormalization theorem that is valid for a theory with 𝒩 supersymmetries will also apply to any theory with more than 𝒩 supersymmetries.


text:
House of Cards is an American political drama web television series created by Beau Willimon. It is an adaptation of the BBC's mini-series of the same name and is based on the novel by Michael Dobbs. All seasons have premiered on the streaming service Netflix.
In 2013, House of Cards became the first original online-only web television series to receive major nominations for the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. The first episode, "Chapter 1", received four nominations becoming the first webisode (online-only episode) of a television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination.
Eigil Bryld won Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, meanwhile David Fincher won Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series. Both, Bryld and Fincher won for the episode "Chapter 1", making it the first Emmy-awarded webisode. The series has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series during the ceremonies of 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The first two seasons of House of Cards were nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama.
For her work in House of Cards, Robin Wright won a Golden Globe and Satellite Award in the category Best Actress in a Drama Series. She was Netflix's first awarded person in major acting categories. Wright's Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood made her the first actress to win a Golden Globe Award for an online-only web television series. She also earned an Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series nomination  at the 65th, 66th, 67th and 68th Primetime Emmy Awards. Wright co-star and producer of House of Cards, Kevin Spacey, was nominated for the Golden Globe in the 2014 and 2015 ceremony. During the 2015, Spacey, won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times. Later that year, Spacey won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series.
 Honorary awards
 Major Associations
 British Academy Television Awards
 Golden Globes Awards
Robin Wright.
 Irish Film & Television Academy Awards
 Primetime Emmy Awards
David Fincher.
Beau Willimon.
 Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
 Guilds
 Art Directors Guild Awards
 Directors Guild of America Awards
 Location Managers Guild Awards
 Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards
 Producers Guild of America Awards
 Screen Actors Guild Awards
 Writers Guild of America Awards
 Popular awards
 EWwy Awards
 Gold Derby Awards
 IGN Awards
 NewNowNext Awards
 Online Film and Television Association Awards
 People's Choice Awards
 Other Associations
 American Cinema Editors Awards
 American Society of Cinematographers Awards
 Artios Awards
 Cinema Audio Society Awards
 Critics' Choice Television Awards
Mahershala Ali.
 Costume Designers Guild Awards
 Golden Reel Awards
 Golden Camera Awards
 Hollywood Music in Media Awards
 Hollywood Post Alliance Awards
 NAACP Image Awards
 Satellite Awards
 Screenwriters Choice Awards
 Television Critics Association Awards
 Awards and nominations for the cast

title: List of awards and nominations received by House of Cards

question: Who wrote the novel House of Cards is based off of?

answer: Michael Dobbs wrote the novel House of Cards is based off of.

question: Who was Netflix's first person to earn an award in major acting categories?

answer: Robin Wright was Netflix's first person to earn an award in major acting categories.

question: Which seasons of House of Cards were nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama?

answer: The first two seasons of House of Cards were nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama

question: When did House of Cards receive its first major nominations for the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards?

answer: House of Cards receive its first major nominations for the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2013.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: House of Cards is an American political drama available on Netflix. It was one of the first web only television shows to be nominated and win several prestigious awards. Among the award winners are Robin Wright, Eigil Bryd, David Fincher, and Kevin Spacey.


text:
LUIS SARRIA was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman.[1][2][3][4] He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.[5]

Career

Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career. Prior to working with Ali, Sarria had worked with several prominent boxers including Luis Manuel Rodríguez, Florentino Fernández, Angel Robinson Garcia, and almost all boxers trained by Angelo Dundee up till then.[6][7]

Ferdie Pacheco called Sarria “the dean of masseurs”, and a “guru of fitness.”[8] According to Pacheco, Ali had handed over his body, and consequently his health and career, to Sarria.[9] In an interview with _Sports Illustrated_, Angelo Dundee expressed his appreciation for Sarria's professional competence which, according to Dundee, resulted in enhancing Ali's physical fitness and “added years to Ali's boxing life.”[10] According to Gary Smith, it was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.[11]

Commenting on the times when he was a part of Ali's entourage, Sarria had observed:

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title: Luis Sarria

question: How was Luis Sarria related to Muhammad Ali?

answer: Luis Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career. According to Pacheco, Ali had handed over his body, and consequently his health and career, to Sarria.

question: What was widely believed about Sarria according to Angelo Dundee?

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's professional competence added years to Ali's boxing life.

question: What was widely believed about Sarria according to Gary Smith?

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

question: Where was Sarria from?

answer: He was born in Cuba and lived in the US.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Luis Sarria (1911-1991) was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career.  He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.


text:
DOUG LUCIE (born 15 December 1953, Chessington, Greater London) is an English dramatist.[1]

Career

Doug Lucie is a key figure in contemporary writing for the British stage. Lucie had an especially influential run of works in the 1980s and early 1990s. His plays have been produced at the National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Other Place and the Royal Court.

Lucie's work has been hailed by critics for his singular voice and his acid pen. His most influential plays often bristle with sudden and unexpected violence, making him a key transitional figure between the overtly political British drama of the 1970s and the “in-yer-face” school of the 1990s.

His early work as a playwright emerged from the Edinburgh Festival and smaller theatres in the south of England. He was a playwright-in-residence at the Oxford Playhouse in 1979 and 1980, and a visiting writer at the Iowa Writer's Workshop in 1981.[2]

Lucie broke through to a larger audience with _Hard Feelings_ (1982) -- a play set in a gentrifying Brixton before and during its 1981 riots. The success of _Hard Feelings_ began a run of work that included _Progress_ (1984), _Key to the World_ (1984), _Fashion_ (1987), _Grace_ (1992), _Gaucho_ (1994), and _The Shallow End_ (1996).

Lucie's later plays explore themes ranging from work and friendship (_The Green Man_, 2003)[3] to the intersection of art and politics as it played out in the fertile relationship between acclaimed singers Nick Drake and John Martyn (_Solid Air_, 2014).[4]

Lucie also writes extensively for radio and television in the United Kingdom.

Critical Reception

“[W]here are the aspiring dramatists of either sex who instantly identify themselves by the timbre of their dialogue or the idiosyncrasy of their stance, as Pinter and Bond once did? Doug Lucie perhaps, that sour observer of the go-getting Eighties; no one much else.” Benedict Nightingale, _The Times_ (1990)[5]

“People don't go to Doug Lucie's plays to be tickled under the chin. In the Eighties, his poisonous and hilarious comedies Fashion and Progress gave us portraits of humanity that might prompt second thoughts about that post-show drink with friends. 'A martini of gall and wormwood about the articulate classes' is how one critic described his style.”—Sarah Hemming, _The Independent_ (1992)[6]

“This is an angry account of a stratified Britain, in which the sons and daughters of the well-off enjoy a head start in life. Is anything that different today?”—Michael Billington, _The Guardian_, on 2012 revival of _Hard Feelings_.[7]

Plays

-   _John Clare's Mad Nuncle_ (Edinburgh, 1975)
-   _Rough Trade_ (Oxford Playhouse, 1978)
-   _We Love You_ (Roundhouse, 1978)
-   _Oh Well_ (Oxford Playhouse, 1978)
-   _The New Garbo_ (Hull Truck and King's Head, London, 1978)
-   _Heroes_ (Edinburgh and New End Theatre, London 1979)
-   _Poison_ Edinburgh Festival, 1980)
-   _Strangers in the Night_, New End Theatre, 1981)
-   _Hard Feelings_ (Oxford Playhouse tour, 1982, Bush Theatre, 1983)
-   _Progress_ (Bush Theatre, 1984)
-   _Key to the World_ (Paines Plough, Leicester Haymarket, and Lyric Theatre Studio, Hammersmith, 1984)[8]
-   _Fashion_ (RSC, 1987 and Leicester Haymarket and Tricycle, London, 1989)[9]
-   _Doing the Business_ (Royal Court, 1990)
-   _Grace_ (Hampstead Theatre, 1992)
-   _Gaucho_ (Hampstead Theatre, 1994)[10]
-   _The Shallow End_ (Royal Court 1997)[11][12]
-   _Love You, Too_ (Bush Theatre, 1998)[13]
-   _The Green Man_ (Plymouth, Drum Theatre, 2002)[14]
-   _Pass it On_ (Shell Connections, 2006)
-   _Solid Air_ (Plymouth 2013)[15][16]

Personal life

Lucie was for a time in the 21st century homeless before settling in Thame.[17]

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title: Doug Lucie

question: Who is Doug Lucie?

answer: He is an English dramatist.

question: What do critics like about Lucie's work?

answer: His singular voice and acid pen.

question: What play enabled Lucie to break through to a larger audience?

answer: Hard Feelings (1982)

question: List two of Lucie's plays from each decade starting in the 1970s.

answer:
- John Clare's Mad Nuncle (Edinburgh, 1975)
- Rough Trade (Oxford Playhouse, 1978)
- Poison_ Edinburgh Festival, 1980)
- Strangers in the Night, New End Theatre, 1981)
- Doing the Business (Royal Court, 1990)
- Grace (Hampstead Theatre, 1992)
- The Green Man (Plymouth, Drum Theatre, 2002)
- Solid Air (Plymouth 2013)

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Doug Lucie is an English dramatist and key figure in contemporary writing for the British stage. Lucie had an influential run of works in the 1980s and 1990s, and his plays have been produced at the National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company's Other Place, and the Royal Court. He is hailed by critics as having a singular voice and acid pen. Some of his works include Hard Feelings (1982), Gaucho (1994), and The Shallow End (1996).


text:
May has been a busy month of preparation for the camping season proper from May 27th, with the odd person googling us and turning up to borrow the campsite early.
First on the list of to-do jobs, was an experimental picnic bench which the men of Ashfarm have put together.  It is prototype and another is in the offing with a adaption to the seat and table, to make them more cost effective, although the frame is a winner.

[]

Since new fronds are showing on the Treeferns and the threat of snow and frost now seems to be past us, they have been unwrapped from their woolly jumpers.

[]

The kelpie and I went for a training session near Salisbury to hone our sheep herding skills. Here we are in action! Many thanks to Kevin Reeves from Lyndhurst Kelpies http://www.lyndhurst-kelpies.co.uk for his support and training.....we will be back!

[]

The shower unit came out of winter storage and was put back in the shower cubical, so we thought it a good excuse to wash the dogs - well volunteered Dom - not sure Rowan is really enjoying it, but she did smell fresh as a daisy afterwards.

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And the sheep got brought into the sheep shed to be checked over and to await shearing.

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And Keith arrived to remove their fleeces and improve their comfort and wellbeing, now the warmer weather is with us and before the flies can strike.

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The Portlands always have such oversized heads when they have been shorn, but it emphasises their lovely caramel coloured legs and faces and paler bodies. And the zwartbles look even more like goats than when they have their full fleeces....but they aren't, they are sheep!

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Another family member joined the Airbnb club, renting out a room in her Dartmoor cottage. Look her up on Airbnb:  Homely relaxed cottage near NT Lydford Gorge.

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Perfect for anyone visiting Lydford Gorge or cycling the Granite Way Route 27 which goes right past the cottage

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or hiking on Dartmoor

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Back in Ludgvan, the Magnolia has come into flower, why do the crows want to knock the flower heads off? I have moved a noisy wind chime beside the tree, to try and deter the birds.....

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and the Treeferns seem to be coping without their winter jackets,

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all except one. This one did not like the frost and snow last spring and never sent up fronds in the summer, but I have left her in the ground and protected her over the winter, hoping some sort of regeneration might happen. There are now some fronds coming up from the ground, which I would love to believe were Treefern fronds but I suspect are not.

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And down at the end of our fields our young Horsefield Wood trees are budding and leaves are uncurling. The footpath from Ludgvan to Manwhidden goes through the young wood and there is a bench for resting on. It is a peaceful place to sojourn and if you are camping with us this year, we would recommend a short walk to visit.

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And no blog would be complete without a small hello from the horses.... who have been mowing a track between the trees for me! Morning boys!

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With the weather turning decidedly springlike, the odd campervan has turned up amidst our preparations and we have had some bookings for the camping cabin too. The real camping season starts on 27th May but if you are in the area, you can always phone and see if we can accomodate you. The summer is almost upon us!

[]

question: Where is the campsite located?

answer: Ashfarm

question: What kind of sheep do they own?

answer: Portlands and Zwartbles.

question: Explain the features of the campsite...

answer: Space for tents and caravans, great walking locations, onsite showers and also rooms in cottages as part of their AirBnB Club.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A blog post by an owner of a campsite who owns sheep. The post informs us about their activities during the off-season.


text:
DOSUNMU (c.1823 – 1885), referred to in British documents as DOCEMO, reigned as Oba of Lagos from 1853, when he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye,[1] until his own death in 1885.[2] He was forced to cede Lagos to Britain under the threat of force in August 1861.

Accession

Dosunmu's accession to the throne broke with tradition in that he was appointed Oba by British Consul to Lagos Benjamin Campbell following Britain's intervention in Lagos affairs following the Reduction of Lagos in December 1851. Campbell had learned about Oba Akitoye's death on September 2, 1853 from CMS agent C.C. Gollmer but withheld this information from the paramount chiefs, instead inquiring from them who Akitoye's heir should be. In unison, the chiefs agreed that Dosunmu was the rightful heir and only then did Campbell relay the news of Akitoye's death to them. Campbell then informed Dosunmu about his accession to the Obaship followed by hasty accession ceremonies at the palace. The next day, Dosunmu was officially recognized as Oba of Lagos and received a 21-gun salute from the Royal Navy.[3]

Rivalry with Kosoko

Dosunmu inherited the “Kosoko” problem from his father (Akitoye) in that Kosoko had established an independent base in Epe with about 400 warriors (including Oshodi Tapa) and from where he destabilized Lagos with multiple attacks that came dangerously close to Akitoye. While Kosoko eventually signed The Treaty of Epe on September 28, 1854 with Consul Benjamin Campbell, agreeing not to make any claims to Lagos or to endanger commerce in Lagos. The treaty was a tactical success for Kosoko who got the British to recognize his state in Epe. In the big picture, however, the Lagos throne remained out of reach with Akitoye and Dosunmu's descendants firmly rooted.

The Kosoko-Akitoye/Dosunmu rivalry spilled over to the economic realm. Oba Dosunmu's supporters didn't fully appreciate the British presence in Lagos after annexation in 1861 while Kosoko's allies exploited the relationship. Furthermore, according to terms of an agreement reached with 1854, Dosunmu relinquished trading rights for custom duties, which he was later forced to relinquish according to terms of the 1861 Treaty for a pension of £1,000 annually.[4] Consequently, the Oba's wealth declined while Kosoko and his allies, under no such trading restrictions, flourished.

Kosoko's camp comprised men such as Oshodi Tapa and Taiwo Olowo who entered trade enthusiastically with European firms. At the head of the Dosunmu economic faction was Chief Apena Ajasa who repeatedly clashed with Taiwo Olowo. When Kosoko died the colonial government estimated that his economic faction was the more powerful one with at least 20,000 followers.[5]

Ceding Lagos to Britain in 1861 under threat of force

Following threats from Kosoko and the French who were positioned at Wydah, a decision was made by Lord Palmerston (British Prime Minister) who noted “the expediency of losing no time in assuming the formal Protectorate of Lagos”.[6] William McCoskry, the Acting Consul in Lagos with Commander Bedingfield convened a meeting with Oba Dosunmu on July 30, 1861 aboard _HMS Prometheus_ where Britain's intent was explained and a response to the terms were required by August 1861. Dosunmu resisted the terms of the treaty but under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession.[7]

Clash with Governor Glover

Some French firms who had lost their trade concessions made overtures to Dosunmu, sensing his disgruntlement with the British presence in Lagos, promising him assistance for revolting against Governor John Hawley Glover. Glover put down the attempt, fined Dosunmu £50, and suspended his stipend for 4 months.[8] Dosunmu was not pleased and felt Glover used Kosoko to spite him. Dosunmu's position was merited as Glover enjoyed a very close friendship with Kosoko allies such as Oshodi Tapa whom Glover consulted before pursuing public projects[9] and Taiwo Olowo whom Glover had encouraged to pursue trading with the firm of Messrs G.L. Gaiser.[10]

Death and legacy

Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I.[11]

A prominent descendant of his is Oloye Abiola Dosunmu, the Erelu Kuti of Lagos.

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[11]

title: Dosunmu

question: Who did Dosunmu succeed?

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye.

question: Who is Kosoko?

answer: Unsure. Kosoko seems to be the leader of the state of Epe, which is near Lagos. There seems to be some sort of military and economic conflict and rivalry between Kosoko and Donsunmu.

question: Why did Dosunmu cede Lagos to the British?

answer: Because of the threats from Kosoko and the French, British leaders held a meeting with Dosunmu to assume control of Lagos. Donsunmu wanted to resist the terms of the treaty, but the British forces threatened to attack Lagos, causing Donsunmu to sign the treaty and cede Lagos.

question: Who succeeded Dosunmu?

answer: Donsunmu's son, Oba Oyekan, succeeded him when he died in 1885.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article details the life of Dosunmu, Oba of Lagos from 1853 to his death in 1885. He was forced to cede Lagos to British forces in 1861. Donsunmu was succeeded by Oba Oyekan.


text:
“The world knew its mother was returning. It began to prepare like a bird protects its nest or as a mother deer eats her baby’s waste. Everything changed before anyone realized it was changing. At some time, somebody thought the globe was heating up too much. It was like a comforting flame in the fireplace, though, and not the suicidal oven everyone predicted. Just one more thing for her it was later seen. The disease was nature’s greatest sacrifice. So many things changed then.

“The disease mostly just killed humans. It would break them down and turn their insides to water before they died. Most plants became inedible to humans. But, if you did eat them, you caught the disease, although animals seemed unharmed. The spirits of animals were awakened as they hadn’t been in many years. It seemed rabbits and squirrels scurried everywhere, that bears and wolves were twice as big and fearless. The deer were the uniquely altered. The herds grew and they relearned an old tongue, unspoken for generations. Their eerie clicks and chirps pealed through the forest each evening.

“Most affected were still the humans. Certainly, a great many died from the disease, but those who didn’t were the Callisto of progress—something far more mystical than what was called evolution, but betterment nonetheless. Indians got sick, but none died. One night, deer came into the reservation towns, snorting ancient rhythms like the drums. Indians woke up. Their bones felt the old songs, and everyone sang. The sick were healed. The old ways returned.

“The United States’ Department of Natural Resources studied the first changes curiously. Soon, it became apparent that nature was being reshaped into something unknown. They began massive conservation efforts to preserve everything as it had been. At first, they tried to control pollution and invasive animals, but after the disease that had to be abandoned. There were not enough people left. Then, when it became apparent that wild game was the sole source of food, the DNR found its leverage. It seemed as if a Senate or President hardly mattered anymore, it was the DNR whom the citizens obeyed.

“Now in control, the DNR doubled its conservation efforts. Studying whatever they had the resources for, they discovered that they hated what nature was doing. They wondered what had happened to forests of concrete and stars of streetlights. Despite what nature was doing elsewhere, the DNR in patches prevailed preserving things as they had been and always fighting for more. They wanted conservation above all things, the conservation of what had passed away.

“Then, Mother returned. No one knew she was coming, but we should have known the signs. The DNR called her a demon; we loved her as a god. She would guide us, give us counsel. The old ways had brought her back. She blessed us and taught us about our new world. She would say, ‘How beautiful is this world! Would you do anything to protect it?’

“The DNR met with her early on, to try and make out what she intended. It was not hard for them to understand that she wanted nature to prosper. She saw their conservation as a mother sees her child’s first art. Obviously threatened, the DNR began attacking. They would burn forests and kill animals. Once, after they had slaughtered most of a herd of deer, some Indians joined in the survivors song of mourning.

“I’m not sure if the DNR had forgotten the people living off of the land, but they were surprised. They invited us into their cities, assuming we would be with them. But, how could we desert the mother? She came and she told us, ‘We must protect this world! Would you die for me?’ And we would die for her. We began attacking DNR agents in the forests. We never went to their cities, because there were too many of them.

“A war of sorts began. They saw us as minions of a demon trying to destroy nature. So, they began fighting back. People died on every side. But, Mother urged us, ‘You are protecting the world! Don’t I deserve your life?’ We all gave our lives. Every living Indian came together. We fought and we died. Because I was too old, I just remembered. I saw the story and wrote the songs, even though there is no one left for me to pass it onto. Mother came to me and said, ‘The world has been saved! Go and tell the enemy of your victory.’

“So, I walked for a week to come to you. No one had told me how many of you had been killed. It was another week before I even saw traces of anyone. I thought maybe I was alone in this world. But, tonight you found me as I was eating this meal. Now you have heard my story.”

Billy Little-Fawn sat on the ground next to a pit of embers. The bones of a rabbit had been thrown into a hole. He intended to bury it before he left. A weary DNR agent, watched an old man who could not escape tell his story. He looked at the agent, who smiled showing small pieces of leaves stuck in his teeth. Billy covered his hole. Then, the DNR agent shot him between the eyes. Afterward, he staggered away. He threw himself on the ground to sleep. Something like sweat seeped from his pours, and the man never woke up.

“That’s the last of them,” said Mother.

title: That's the Last of Them

question: How does the disease affect humans?

answer: The disease breaks down human bodies and turns their insides into water.

question: How does the Department of National Resources react to the disease?

answer: The DNR first studies the changes and then begins massive conservation efforts to preserve the status quo. They try to control pollution and invasive animals.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: The narrator is possibly old and an Indian by nationality (it's not clear if that descriptor is referring to the narrator). They are the one relating the story to Billy Little-Fawn.

question: What is the narrator's relationship with Mother?

answer: That information is unclear.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: A disease spreads on Earth that breaks down humans' bodies and turns their insides into liquids. The Department of National Resources tries to combat the disease and preserve the humans' way of life. Mother returns to Earth, and some people view her as a demon, others as a god. A war breaks out. An old man relates this story to a DNR agent, who then shoots him in service of Mother.


text:
[250 px|Osmanthus cake] OSMANTHUS CAKE (Chinese: 桂花糕; Cantonese Yale: _gwai fā gōu_) is a traditional sweet-scented Chinese pastry made with glutinous rice flour, honey sweet-scented osmanthus and rock sugar.[1][2] It has crystal clear, sweet, and soft waxy characteristics.

Characteristics of food

The appearance of the jelly is opaque and slightly translucent. The taste is often described as mildly sweet. It is a popular snack sold at street-vendors in Taiwan.

Food culture

Sweet-scented osmanthus cake originated in China during the Ming Dynasty. Though its exact origin is unclear, folk tales have it that the poet Yang Shen dreamed of visiting the moon in order to take the imperial exam. In the dream, he saw a magnificent palace and a huge and sweet-smelling ostmanthus plant. He picked it and brought it back with him to earth. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a peddler from Xindu named Liu Jixiang was inspired by this story to collect fresh osmanthus flowers. He extracted their essential oils, strained them over sugar and mixed them with glutinous rice to produce the familiar form of the sweet we know today. It is now a Xindu specialty.

[1]

[2] Autumn fragrance osmanthus oozes depth

title: Osmanthus cake

question: What is osmanthus cake made of?

answer: It is made with glutinous rice flour, honey sweet-scented osmanthus, and rock sugar.

question: What is the taste of the cake?

answer: The taste is described as mildly sweet.

question: When was the osmanthus cake first made?

answer: Though its exact origins are unclear, the cake originated in China during the Ming Dynasty.

question: What region is the osmanthus cake from?

answer: It is from the Xindu region.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes osmanthus cake, a sweet pastry that originated in China during the Ming dynasty.


text:
Imagine the rainiest, greyest, most miserable day you have ever witnessed. Now can you imagine if it was like that all of the day every day? Well that’s the way it was in Anthony’s home town. A small town on the east coast of Ireland called, and I shit you not; Ballyfliuch. Nobody was really sure what county Ballyfliuch was in but everybody was certain it wasn’t in Dublin. A town of 10,000 people it had four schools, three churches, a shopping centre and several new roundabouts. All centered by a just recently finished ‘millennium hanging basket area’. But by far the most notable thing about Ballyfliuch was the rain. It rained hard and heavy every second of every day. It was relentless and inescapable. You may think living every day with this rain that the people of Ballyfliuch would grow indifferent to it, you’d be wrong. The people of Ballyfliuch including Anthony hated the rain and constantly complained and cursed it. Every morning every single member of the Ballyfliuch community whilst opening their curtains would hope that today would be the day that the rain stopped, but it never did.  It was with this disappointment the daily routine of life began in Ballyfliuch.

Anthony Grimes was 14 years of age. He liked movies, fast cars and black haired girls that wore boys’ clothes. Although he had only really ever seen one girl fitting such a description he had decided there and then that that was his type. Anthony described himself to himself as relatively happy but troubled. He was a good kid and both young and old were fond of him. But Anthony had a secret, a secret that troubled him. Anthony felt a deep resentment and anger towards every single person he knew or had ever met including his own family. What scared him the most is that he didn’t know why. There was bitterness in him and he knew it was the people that surrounded him had put it there. He had felt like this for as long as he could remember.

One day in a rare moment of clarity Anthony realized something had to be done about these feelings and he knew where to start. So armed with a pen, a pencil, three pads of post-its, fizzy chewits and a ridiculous amount of Pepsi-Max he cleared the walls in his room, locked the door and swore not to leave until he had made some progress in understanding and eradicating this bitterness and contempt he carried. “It’s not normal” he said. “And it can’t go on”. Anthony started to picture himself in situations where he knew these feeling were strong. He imagined meeting Jim DeGib on the street and talking about the weather as often occurred. He imagined the images he would see in his head and what he would feel. He saw the rain thrashing into puddles then blood red dots expanding and he could see it “there is the anger” he said. As he focused on it he began to understand it. He was angry at Jim’s complete acceptance of the rain. Here he was an aged business man standing in the rain getting “fucking drenched” as he put it himself. Standing in the rain getting “fucking drenched” as he has done his whole life and will until the day they lay his “fucking drenched” coffin six feet under the soggy soil. He also felt that Jim as an adult should be showing better example to Anthony than contemptuous acceptance. Anthony was making progress, he could feel it. He wrote down these few bits of information and began to apply the same tactics to every encounter he could remember himself being in and even a few he imagined would happen someday. This was long and tedious work. As the post-its gathered and his thoughts frayed the only thing that kept Anthony going was his ever nearing goal of killing those ill feelings. That and copious amounts of Pepsi-Max of course. By the end the words and pictures that stuck to Anthony’s wall would look like some sort of lunatics collage to you or me but they were Anthony’s specific thoughts and having gone through them one by one over and over from every angle to the point of obsession he had figured out what was causing the problem and he had an idea how to fix it.

You see the rain bothered Anthony and the fact that it was never going to stop made him sad. His self proclaimed “relative happiness” was relative to the people he was surrounded by who he now realized were all hopelessly unhappy. The same hopelessness he felt now at 14 they had carried their whole life and it was this that caused their lack of ambition or imagination to rid Ballyfliuch of the rain. Everybody was waiting for god to stop the rain all the while believing it to be part of god’s plan. But on this day Anthony now knew that if there is a god he doesn’t have a plan for us. The amount of happiness in our lives depends on how much of it we make or take. How had no one told him this before? Garnered with and elated by his new wisdom Anthony was not long in realizing how to make the rain stop. He took his thoughts off the wall packed a few important belongings and wrote a short note to his family which read;

Family,
I love you but I don’t like you very much. I have a plan on how to change this and I’m confident it will work. Don’t worry about me; I’ll be in touch soon.
Anthony

Then Anthony walked and walked for 25 miles feeling more and more vindicated in his decision with each step until eventually he walked into Bettystown, Co.Meath.  Anthony was under no illusions that Bettystown was the happiest or best place in the world but it was better, and on this day it wasn’t raining. Best of all if ever it wasn’t good enough Anthony knew exactly what to do. The bitterness was gone, the hopelessness was gone. As he sat in the sun on a statue of some fallen hero he exhaled and grinned.

END

title: Rain in the East (my first ever short story)

question: Why is Anthony's solution to go to Bettystown?

answer: Because it isn't raining there.

question: Why is the author incredulous about the name Ballyfliuch?

answer: Presumably just because of how ridiculous it sounds.

question: What would have happened if it had stopped raining in Ballyfliuch?

answer: Anthony's bitterness might've gone away.

question: How did Anthony make the rain stop?

answer: By moving to a different town where it wasn't raining.


text:
MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS is the measure and incidence of engaging in sexual activities with two or more people within a specific time period. Sexual activity with MSP can happen simultaneously or serially. MSP includes sexual activity between people of a different gender or the same gender. MSP can also mean that one person may have a long-term relationship or relationships, and when the second relationship begins, the person can be said to have multiple sex partners.[1] Another term, _polyamorous_, is a behavior and not a measure describing multiple romantically sexually or romantically committed relationships at the same time.[2]

Young people having MSP in the last year is an indicator used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to evaluate risky sexual behavior in adolescents and monitoring changes in the worldwide HIV/AIDS infection rates and deaths.[3]

Definitions and quantification

Epidemiologists and clinicians who quantify risks associated with MSP do so to identify those who have had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months. For the purposes of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s effort to eliminate HIV infection, quantifying measures progress in reducing the percentage of those with AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO) has described their rationale by assuming that the spread of HIV in most locales depends upon the number of MSP. Those who have MSP possess a higher risk of HIV transmission than individuals that do not have multiple sex partners.[4]

WHO uses indicators, such as MSP, age, mortality, morbidity, geographical location and signs and symptoms of disease. This is done so that change can be measured and so that the effect of indicators can be assessed.[5]

Following the initial quantification of the number of MSP, the respondent is again surveyed three and then five years later. In addition to the survey, respondents' sexual histories are obtained. Analysis assists those conducting the study to verify and help define the term MSP.[6]

For the indicator MSP, WHO has defined a summary of what it measures, rationale for the indicator, numerator, denominator and calculation, recommended measurement tools, measurement, frequency, and the strengths and weaknesses of the indicator.[7]

WHO's definition of MSP has some strengths and weaknesses The quantification is an indicator and a picture of the levels of higher-risk sex in a locale. If those surveyed changed their activity to one sexual partner, the change will be quantified by changes in the indicator. This disadvantage is that though a respondent may reduce the number of MSP in a 12 month period, the indicator will not reflect this change in sexual activity. Even so, decreasing the number of MSP may not indicate a change. Potentially this definition and quantification may have a significant impact on the pandemic of HIV and used as a measure of program success. WHO recommends that additional indicators that quantify MSP more precisely to capture the reduction in multiple sexual partners in general.[8][9] According to the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, having multiple sex partners has been quantified to mean that those greater than or equal to age 25 had four or more sexual partners in one year.[10]

Other examples

Epidemiologists in Tanzania used the indicator MSP in their study of AIDS incidence among 15-19-year-olds by documenting the respondent as being sexually active and having MSP in the last 12 months.[11]

Social history (medicine)

A complete medical history includes an assessment of the number sexual partners with which a person has had within a certain time period.[12]

A social history (abbreviated “SocHx”) that part of a medical exam addressing familial, occupational, and recreational aspects of the patient's personal life that have the potential to be clinically important.[13] MSP is only the description of the behavior described in clinical terms. Promiscuity can mean that a moral judgement is made because some parts of societies promote sexual activity to occur only within exclusive, single-partner, committed relationships.[14] is often the way researchers define a society's promiscuity levels at any given time. MSP increases the risk of many diseases and other conditions.

The CDC in the past has quantified MSP for adolescents with the following descriptions:

-   Never having had sexual intercourse (no MSP)
-   Having multiple sex partners, defined as having had four or more sex partners during one's lifetime
-   Sexual activity was defined as having had sexual intercourse during the past 3 months

Some clinicians define MSP by also taking into account concurrent sexual relationships.[15]

Research

The likelihood of developing substance abuse or dependence increases linearly with the number of sex partners, an effect more pronounced for women. People who have a higher number of sex partners do not have higher rates of anxiety or depression.[16][17]

Health risks

MSP increases the risk of developing bacterial vaginosis.[18] MSP can result in pregnant women with a greater risk of contracting HIV.[19] HIV is strongly associated with having MSP.[20] Having multiple sex partners is associated with higher incidences of STIs.[21]

Prevention of disease strategies include intensive counseling of those who have met the definition of multiple sex partners.[22]

In Jamaica one of the primary contributing associations to the AIDS/HIV epidemic is the risky behavior of having multiple sex partners. A 2004 Behavioral Surveillance Survey demonstrated that 89 percent of males and 78 percent of females aged 15 to 24 had sex with a nonmarital or noncohabitating partner in the preceding 12 months. Fifty-six percent of males and 16 percent of females had multiple sex partners in the preceding 12 months.[23]

In Sub-sahara Africa, travel and wealth is a risk factor in engaging in sexual activities with multiple sex partners.[24]

[1]

[2]

[3] Tsala Dimbuene, Z., Emina, J., & Sankoh, O. (2014). UNAIDS ‘multiple sexual partners’ core indicator: promoting sexual networks to reduce potential biases.Global Health Action, 7. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23103 http://www.globalhealthaction.net/index.php/gha/article/view/23103#Abstract

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[23] “Health Profile: Jamaica” . United States Agency for International Development (June 2008). Accessed September 7, 2008.

[24]

title: Multiple sex partners

question: What is MSP?

answer: MSP stands for Multiple Sex Partners. It is a measurement of a person's sexual activity and is used to gauge their risk for sexually transmitted diseases.

question: How is MSP measured?

answer:
MSP takes several factors into consideration. First is the individual's sexual activity with more than one partner, people who have not or do not engage in sexual activities have zero MSP. While a person who has had more than a single partner over a span of a given time period is considered as having multiple partners. Concurrent partners also count as MSP. Lastly, MSP makes no distinction of sexual preference as this does not affect the transmission of diseases.

Three to five years after the initial assessment, respondents are surveyed again. This will provide more information for analyzing MSP as the second survey can track changes in sexual behavior and habits.

question: What is MSP used for?

answer:
Currently, the WHO uses MSP to gauge the level of risk that a population has for sexually transmitted diseases. They have already confirmed that higher MSP is directly correlated to an increase in HIV transmission.

It is very logical that since MSP increases with the number of sex partners, then it is indicative of the chance of transmitting diseases.

question: What has the study on MSP taught us?

answer: The research into MSP has shown that having sexual relations with multiple partners increases the likelihood of not only contracting STDs, but also increase the rate of pregnancy for women, and a higher tendency for substance abuse (with an increased rate for women). MSP has shown no correlation to anxiety or depression.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A study measuring MSP (multiple sex partners) has shown that people with more than one sex partner are more at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, indulge in substance abuse, and for women, an higher chance of having an unwanted pregnancy. The study gave an initial and follow up survey within a span of three to five years. That study also showed that there are certain socio-economical factors that can increase the likelihood of a person having MSP.


text:
My sleep is useless to me now, so I keep placing them in sandwich bags. It's comforting to me. It's familiar. But it doesn't help me any. I stop using sandwich baggies and start to use baby food jars instead. For some reason that I can't explain to myself, it's all that I've been eating: baby food. Maybe it's because it's easy on my stomach. Maybe it's because the jars are cute. Maybe it's because cute things remind me of her. Maybe it's because I keep thinking that she'd be the mother of my kids. Maybe it's because I was mourning our non-existent family. I don't really know.

It's been a three weeks since we had broken up and I started eating baby food so now I have several dozens of these jars lying around my apartment. When I had first put my sleep in them, I didn't bother washing them out. I figured that my sleep would benefit from having a little "mashed-peas" flavoring to them, or maybe a little hint of "mashed bananas and strawberries." Clearly, clarity of thought wasn't my strong suit at this point. Doesn't sleep with a hint of kiwi sound good? Six to Eight hours of restful sleep, now in tropical flavors.

We were supposed to go on a tropical vacation together. If not, maybe just up to Vancouver. I've never been there before, but she told me that it was a real clean city. "It'll be so much fun!" she said. I believed her too. Still do. But I can't do that now and I think I hate Vancouver. It doesn't matter anyway. I have my sleep to pack. So much sleep to pack. What's worse is that the dream penguins are starting to become permanent. Well, at least one anyway. I've named him Bear and he's been following me for the last two days. The weird thing is that he listens to me and can actually fetch me things.

"Can you bring me that bag over there, Bear?"I ask.

He looks around and somehow I know that he doesn't see any.

"We've ran out?"

Bear nods.

"Hmm.. " I say.

But I see Bear shuffle around and walk into my room. I hear some ruckus and then he's back bringing me a baby-food jar.

"For my sleep?"

Bear doesn't even need to nod. Our thoughts, they're one.

I notice that he's cleaned out the jar. I don't know how how's managed to do it, but I take it in my hand and hold it up to the light. It's very clean. I wonder if it smells so I bring it up to my nose and, to my surprise, find that it has a very pleasing scent. A sort of airy, sunny-day type scent.

"How'd you-" I start, but the look he gives me tells me to stop.

"Ok, that's fine."

I imagine that I've somehow deluded myself into believing that Bear really exists and that I actually cleaned the jar out by myself, but I'm so tired that I don't give it anymore thought than that and accept Bear is real. Bear is my only friend.

I have two boxes of sleep saved up. Because the baby food jars are smaller than the sandwich baggies, I only manage to fit in about 4 maybe for hours worth. I haven't really figured out how to measure my sleep yet, so I'm guessing at the amount. I'm assuming that because I'm managing only to fit half as much sleep into the jars that the amount of rest would be half. Half is an approximation as well because  sometimes I have extra left over and sometimes I'm unable to fill two jars with one night of sleep.

God, I'm tired.

Bear nudges me.

Right, Right.

I have to fill this jar.
I have to fill this jar.

title: Sleep in a Jar

question: Describe what is happening to the narrator.

answer: The narrator is having some kind of mental breakdown three weeks after the breakup with his girlfriend. He eats nothing but baby food because the jars are cute and they remind him of her (and their non-existent family). The narrator doesn't sleep anymore and has somehow deluded himself into believing he can store his sleep in sandwich bags and baby food jars for future use. He also thinks a dream penguin named Bear is telepathically linked to him and follows him around. Bear can understand him and fetch things.


text:
JEAN-CLAUDE LARRIEU (born 23 September 1946)[1] is a French former professional footballer who played as goalkeeper.

Larrieu joined the French Olympic Team during the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in Montreal, with Michel Platini and Patrick Battiston, amongst others.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Jean-Claude Larrieu (footballer)

question: What year was Jean-Claude Larrieu born?

answer: 1946.

question: Is he still alive (as of the publication of and updates to this article)?

answer: Yes.

question: What is his nationality?

answer: French.

question: Does he still play soccer?

answer: No.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Jean-Claude Larrieu (b. 1946) is a French former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He joined the French Olympic Team in Montreal during the 1976 Summer Olympic Games in Montreal.


text:
GARLAND E. “SONNY” MORAN (June 29, 1926 – December 18, 2016) was an American college basketball coach and athletics administrator. He served as the head men's baseball coach at Morris Harvey College—now the University of Charleston—from 1957 to 1965 and West Virginia University from 1965 to 1969.

Moran played college basketball at Morris Harvey, where he was a four-year starter from 1946 to 1950. He returned to MHC as head coach on 1957, where he compiled a 147–76 record.[1] He then moved to West Virginia as an assistant, moving into the head coaching position in 1969 when Bucky Waters moved to Duke University. In five seasons with the Mountaineers, Moran led the team to a 57–68 record. He left to become athletic director at Morehead State University, where he stayed for fourteen seasons. He then was commissioner of the Gulf South Conference until his retirement in 1992.[2]

Moran died in Gulf Shores, Alabama on December 18, 2016 at age 90.[3]

[1]

[2]

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title: Sonny Moran

question: Where did Moran serve as head men's baseball coach?

answer: Morris Harvey College (now the University of Charleston) from 1957 to 1965 and West Virginia University from 1965 to 1969

question: How old was Moran when he died?

answer: 90 years old

question: What did Moran do from 1946 to 1950?

answer: He was a four year starter for Morris Harvey's college basketball from 1946 to 1950.

question: What was the last job that Moran worked before his death?

answer: He was commissioner of the Gulf South Conference.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about Sonny Moran, an American college basketball coach and athletics administrator. He lived from 1926 to 2016.