text:
Jordan Smith (disambiguation)}}

JORDAN RANDALL SMITH (born November 18, 1982) is an American conductor, arts entrepreneur, and percussionist. He is the music director of Symphony Number One and conductor of the Hopkins Concert Orchestra at Johns Hopkins University.[1][2][3] He is also a Visiting Assistant Professor of Music and Director of Orchestra at Susquehanna University.[4]

Early life and career

Smith was born in Dallas to professional musician parents: His father was a choir director and his mother was a pianist. He pursued percussion beginning at Mesquite High School.[5] Smith developed a substantial interest in 20th and 21st century repertoire for chamber orchestra during his graduate studies, where he programmed Schoenberg’s 3 Pieces for Chamber Orchestra of 1910.[6] Smith has also worked as a music educator for a number of years across several different roles including the public schools.[7] After studies at Texas Tech University, Smith was accepted to the Peabody Institute where he studied with Gustav Meier, Markand Thakar, and Marin Alsop.[8] He has guest conducted a number of ensembles and orchestras in public performances including the East Texas Symphony Orchestra, York Symphony Orchestra, and Alia Musica Pittsburgh.[9]

Dallas Festival of Modern Music

In 2009, Smith co-founded the Dallas festival of Modern Music with colleague Ryan Ross.[10][11] DFMM served the Dallas community with music from 2009 to 2011, opening its first season with the music of Schoenberg.[12] In its second year, the festival expanded to a full ten days of concerts, recitals, and educational programs.[13] The second season included a number of prominent guest artists including Christopher Deane and Paul Rennick.[14] DFMM was recognized for innovative programming and original presentations, receiving a TACA grant.[15][16][17]

Symphony Number One

In September 2014, Smith began laying the groundwork for a chamber orchestra in Baltimore.[18] In May 2015, Symphony Number One made its debut at the Baltimore War Memorial. As music director of Symphony Number One, Smith was selected as a 2016 Baltimore Social Innovation Fellow.[19][20] Symphony Number One has garnered several awards including 2019 Winner of The American Prize in Orchestral Performance.[21] Smith also received 2nd Place in the 2019 American Prize competition in the conducting division.[22][23]

Other Activity

In April 2018, Smith assumed duties as Music Director at Hunt's Memorial United Methodist Church in Towson, Maryland.[24] Smith was formerly the Music Director of Govans Presbyterian Church in Baltimore.[25][26][27]

Smith has recorded a number of albums and EP's. He founded SNOtone Records as a boutique label for the production of the music of Symphony Number One. Smith previously self-released two titles.

Smith occasionally contributes to the magazine _Baltimore_[28] and the weblog Sequenza21.[29] While not a published scholar, some of Smith’s academic writings have been cited in published works.[30] More recently, Smith has become involved in work to share information on the music of composer Florence Price. This has led to the inception of the International Florence Price Festival, planned for launch in 2020.[31][32]

In October 2017, Smith gave a “TED talk,”[33] speaking at TEDxMidAtlantic 2017 to positive reviews.[34]

Discography

-   2017: _Approaching_: Martha Horst: _Straussian Landscapes_; Hangrui Zhang: _Baltimore Prelude_; Nicholas Bentz: _Approaching Eternity_. (SNOtone)[35]
-   2016: _More_: Natalie Draper: _Timelapse Variations_; Jonathan Russell: _Light Cathedral_; Andrew Posner: _The Promised Burning_. (SNOtone)[36][37]
-   2016: _Emergence_: Andrew M. Boss: Concerto for Saxophone and Small Chamber Orchestra, feat. Sean Meyers - alto saxophone. (SNOtone)[38]
-   2015: _Symphony Number One_: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra (Mozart), feat. Raoul Cho, Jordan Thomas; Gabriel Fauré: Pavane; Mark Fromm: Symphony No. 1, feat. Hanul Park – bassoon. (SNOtone)[39][40]
-   2014: _Rhapsody: Music for Cello and Orchestra_: Andrew M. Boss: Concerto for Cello and Orchestra, feat. Dmitri Volkov - cello. (Self-Produced)
-   2013: “Pierrot Lunaire”: Arnold Schoenberg: Pierrot Lunaire, feat. Jessica Abel, sprechstimme. (Self-Produced)

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[9]  Pittsburgh New Music Net|website=www.pittsburghnewmusicnet.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-23}}

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title: Jordan Randall Smith

question: Who is Jordan Randall Smith?

answer: He is an American conductor, percussionist, and arts entrepreneur.

question: Where did Smith go after studying at Texas Tech University?

answer: Smith was accepted to the Peabody Institute.

question: What made Smith love music at an early age?

answer: Smith was born to professional musician parents. His father was a choir director and his mother was a pianist.

question: What is Smith's relationship with Symphony Number One?

answer: Smith is the music director of Symphony Number One. He began laying the groundwork for a chamber orchestra in Baltimore in September 2014, paving the way for Symphony Number One's debut at the Baltimore War Memorial in May 2015.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Jordan Randall Smith is an American conductor, percussionist, and arts entrepreneur. He is the music director of Symphony Number One, conductor of the Hopkins Orchestra at Johns Hopkins University, and co-founder of the Dallas Festival of Modern Music. Smith occasionally contributes to the magazine, Baltimore, and the weblog, Sequenza21.


split: train

text:
Although the Milwaukee Bucks were eliminated in the first round, Khris Middleton‘s outstanding play in the series grabbed attention around the NBA.

The Milwaukee Bucks’ season ended in first round disappointment as they were eliminated by the Boston Celtics on Saturday, but there was one player who certainly couldn’t be blamed for his team’s woes.

While it was thought of as a given that Giannis Antetokounmpo would deliver in the playoffs for Milwaukee, moments of inconsistency across their roster throughout the season made it tough to predict who else, if anyone, would step up.

Once known as the team’s most consistent player, Khris Middleton not only returned to the peak of his powers across seven games with Boston, but he gave evidence of an extra level which he’d never previously managed to unlock.

As Milwaukee’s playoff journey ended, Middleton’s series averages topped out at 24.7 points, 5.1 rebounds and 3.1 assists per game, while shooting an incredible 59.8 percent from the field and 61 percent from deep.

Middleton’s shooting was understandably the standout element of his play, as he finished the first round having made more three-pointers than any other player, while also having shot the highest percentage from deep by a comfortable margin.

Although it will likely be overlooked due to the comparative brevity of Middleton’s seven-game run, the 26-year-old’s 61 percent from three-point range is the highest percentage ever achieved by a player who made at least 20 triples in a single playoffs.

In fact, prior to this year’s playoffs, only three players (Jeff Hornacek, Steve Smith, Derek Fisher) had managed to shoot over 50 percent from deep with that baseline of volume in the playoffs.

All of this is made all the more remarkable as in spite of a career-best season in terms of scoring, Middleton entered the playoffs on the back of a down year in terms of efficiency. The Charleston native finished the regular season averaging 35.9 percent from deep, his worst mark since his rookie season.

The real driver in that drop-off was a tough first half of the season, but Middleton did show signs of recovery by shooting 39.3 percent from behind the arc following the All-Star break. Considering Middleton appeared on Howard Beck’s podcast just before the break and hinted at some slight mechanics issue, it seems safe to say the time off that followed helped Middleton to find a solution.

In light of his playoff outburst, the fact Middleton wasn’t an All-Star, and has never been, has become a relevant discussion point nationally.

National coverage of Middleton has generally always been tied to mention of him being overlooked or underrated. That was certainly true when he first came to Milwaukee as a throwaway piece in the Brandon Jennings–Brandon Knight trade, but it seemed less so as he broke out in advance of signing his current deal with the Bucks.

A March 2015 Q&A with Zach Lowe opened with Lowe pointing out to Middleton that people had started to know his name and that he had become a “free agent du jour”, and yet a viral story surrounding Middleton in the last couple of weeks emerged due to a reporter confusing him with Jabari Parker.

Back in June 2016, I even wrote a piece on this very site about having been left somewhat bewildered by how it seemed like Middleton’s play continued to be under-appreciated and surrounded by misnomers.

Fast-forward to the present, and Middleton’s being included on a breakout team of the first round, being labeled as the NBA’s most productive player not on a max deal, and having his recent burst described as playing like an All-NBA player.

Sure, a lot of this may involve the wider NBA audience being caught in a loop of opening their eyes to Middleton, forgetting him, and then rediscovering him only to become disciples anew, but it may also beg the question of what Milwaukee is making out of their versatile second option, and what he delivers night-to-night.

The heady heights of Middleton’s post-season play are almost certainly unsustainable, but rather than the national media being set abuzz, it’s his own team that likely need to be most intrigued by what their long-time stalwart showed.

Middleton has always had a propensity for big shots, often late in games, but his failure to deliver on the bigger stages the NBA offers had often left him open to criticism too.

At the very least, the past two weeks have proven he’s up to that task, but what will it take to get him closer to that level more often?

For a starter, it will take elite defense. Middleton was once heralded as one of the NBA’s best 3-and-D players. In the time since, his game has largely evolved beyond that, but the label didn’t feel as appropriate due to his defensive contributions cratering too.

Middleton appeared to become more prone to bouts of frustration and corresponding drop-offs in effort over the past couple of seasons, while many fans had started to voice concerns over a potential loss of lateral quickness since returning from the hamstring injury he suffered in training camp back in 2016.

Against Boston, all of that seemed unfounded. Middleton was frequently tasked with covering the young, athletic wing duo of Jayson Tatum and Jaylen Brown, and he excelled throughout the series.

  Khris Middleton's D has been so good this series. I thought he regressed a bit during the regular season but he's shown now his elite ability is still there. Amazing hand-eye coordination to strip Tatum on that transition attack. What an overall series for Middleton.

  — Kevin O'Connor (@KevinOConnorNBA) April 29, 2018

Beyond that, Middleton critics, or at least those skeptical of how central his role with the Bucks should be, would always point to his shot-selection. Middleton often leans into mid-range looks, living off a steady diet of turnaround jumpers and contested fadeaways. In the Bucks community, these choices have become known as the “tough shot express”.

Middleton’s mid-range tendencies don’t align with the modern view of efficiency in the NBA — particularly for a player who has proven to be effective from three-point range — but the discussion is complicated by just how good he is from that area of the court.

Middleton attempted the fifth most mid-range jumpers (454) in the NBA for the entirety of the regular season, but of players who attempted at least 300, only Kevin Durant (49.4 percent) managed to edge out Middleton’s efficiency from that zone (49.3 percent).

Shooting close to 50 percent from any area of the floor is no mean feat, and shouldn’t necessarily be dismissed as a valuable weapon. Discussing Middleton’s shot-making throughout the playoffs, Celtics wing Jaylen Brown summed up the Khris Middleton experience nicely:

  “He’s a killer. He’s made some extremely tough shots, and he’s comfortable making them.”

Middleton’s comfort in making those shots is worth noting. The Bucks can’t remove them completely from his shot diet, but that doesn’t mean it wouldn’t be beneficial to increase his three-point volume either.

With a new coach and a more coherent offense, perhaps Middleton could be weaponized further. His shooting and playmaking make him a great fit for Antetokounmpo, and an offense that further plays to the Greek’s strengths could also leave room for more tailored looks for Middleton as a secondary option.

At a minimum, while the rest of the NBA gets back on board the Middleton hype train, the Bucks shouldn’t lose sight of what they have. Middleton isn’t an elite NBA scorer or top-tier star, and will only suffer if he’s measured up to those standards.

Of the players below that level, there aren’t many better than Middleton, though, and that’s worth its weight in gold.

To put it very simply, Middleton is very good and capable of moments of greatness. The combination of those two factors will mean the discussion over his value and how much he’s appreciated will likely rage on for years to come.

question: How does the Milwaukee Bucks’ season end?

answer: The Milwaukee Bucks are eliminated by the Boston Celtics in the first round.

question: Who is once known as the Milwaukee Bucks’ most consistent player?

answer: Khris Middleton is once known as the Milwaukee Bucks’ most consistent player.

question: What was Khris Middleton's play look like this season?

answer: It was outstanding - his 61 percent from three-point range is the highest percentage ever achieved by a player who made at least 20 triples in a single playoff.

question: Was Khris Middleton so successful in the last season?

answer: Khris Middleton finished the season averaging 35.9 percent from deep, which is his worst mark since his rookie season.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Although the Milwaukee Bucks are eliminated in the first round by the Boston Celtics, Khris Middleton's play was outstanding. He significantly improved his play this season. His 61 percent from the three-point range is the highest percentage ever achieved by a player who made at least 20 triples in a single playoff. He finished the last season averaging 35.9 percent from deep, which is his worst mark since his rookie season.


text:
LEINSTER FACE ANOTHER selection riddle ahead of the start of their Guinness Pro14 and Champions Cup title defences after scrum-half Nick McCarthy broke his wrist in training last week, _The42_ understands.

[Nick McCarthy] McCarthy's lay-off has wider implications for the Leinster squad. Source: Laszlo Geczo/INPHO

The 23-year-old could miss the start of the new season and his injury has wider implications for Leo Cullen’s squad, with Pro14 and EPCR regulations around ‘non-European players’ set to become an issue for the province again.

McCarthy was able to take some part in squad training on Monday afternoon with the aid of a wrist support, and Leinster will hope his recovery is quick to avoid a repeat of the selection dilemmas they faced last season.

Each club are only permitted to include two non-European players in their matchday 23, a ruling which meant James Lowe unluckily missed out on being involved in Leinster’s run to European glory last term after Luke McGrath’s availability was compromised by knee and ankle problems.

And McCarthy’s absence could present Cullen with a similar headache for the opening stages of the 2018/19 campaign, as Kiwi Jamison Gibson-Park will be required every week unless Leinster delve deeper into their academy resources.

McGrath starts Friday’s season-opener against Cardiff Blues, with Gibson-Park named on the bench, meaning Lowe is again the unfortunate player to miss out due to Scott Fardy’s selection in the Leinster second row.

Australian Joe Tomane — a summer arrival from Montpellier — is a Samoan passport holder so is exempt from the ruling, as was the case with the now-retired Isa Nacewa who had a Fijian passport.

McCarthy, who started the pre-season friendly against Montauban, made 21 appearances for the province last term, including second-half cameos off the bench in the Champions Cup quarter and semi-final wins over Saracens and Scarlets and the Pro14 final defeat of the Welsh region.

[Adam Radwan with Luke McGrath] McGrath starts for Leinster on Friday. Source: Gary Carr/INPHO

While the former St Michael’s College man remains third-choice behind McGrath and Gibson-Park, news of his injury comes as a setback Cullen and his coaching staff would have wanted to avoid given its knock-on effects.

The alternative is to turn to one of the academy scrum-halves to provide bench cover for McGrath in the opening weeks of the season, with former Blackrock College nine Patrick Patterson and Ireland U20 scrum-half Hugh O’Sullivan providing the options.

Leinster begin their Pro14 title defence with back-to-back away games in Wales, before welcoming the Dragons and Edinburgh to the RDS in September.

After the round five and six inter-pros against Connacht (A) and Munster (H), Cullen’s side open their European campaign with a Pool 1 clash against Wasps at the RDS on Friday 12 October.

THE42 IS ON INSTAGRAM! TAP THE BUTTON BELOW ON YOUR PHONE TO FOLLOW US!

question: What sport is described in the article?

answer: NOt enough information is provided to answer.

question: Who most recently suffered an injury?

answer: Nick McCarthy

question: Where are Leinster's first two matches?

answer: Wales

question: What nation is Isa Nacewa from?

answer: Fiji

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses the consequences of Nick McCarthy's injury on the opening of a new season of Rugby for his team. It also discusses the impacts that a ruling limiting the number of non-European players will have on replacing McCarthy. A list of upcoming matches and their locations is also mentioned.


text:
The clearest thing about that night was the slight laugh lines that formed at the corners of his eyes and lingered by his lips. I wanted to trace them, slowly...perhaps with my fingers; perhaps with my own lips. I couldn't quite decide.

I spotted him midway through the show. The band had a Rockabilly vibe and he was the only other person moving to the beat in the tiny space. It was, after all, a local pub with no dance floor. He didn't have a lot of dance moves, but I could tell he loved the music. We smiled at each other and quickly looked away, but our feet kept leading us closer together. Finally, there was only a rough looking Biker between us, covered in piercings. I took a deep breath, placed my hands on the leather-clad gentleman's shoulders, and whispered tantalizingly in his right ear..."Sweetheart, I'm sorry, but you're the only thing between me and the man who's dancing. I'm going to move you over a bit."

And I did just that, guiding the slightly confused guy out of the way, as I slid up next to the man with the shy smile. The band played on, sweat dripping and beer chugging; singing about heartbreak and sex and beautiful women. We danced, bumped into people, made room for ourselves--we twisted and stomped and cheered until our voices were raw and feet sore. "Can I buy you a drink?" he asked with an accent, during a brief pause from the band. "Well, I..." I looked up at his face, at his smile, noticing the laugh lines. "Sure. I'll have whatever you're having." He ducked off while I tried to place it. Aussie, maybe?

He returned a minute later, empty handed. "They won't serve me! They think I've had enough." Though he didn't seem that inebriated to me, I started to laugh. He looked puzzled. "It's your accent! They think you're worse off than you are!" He groaned and we both shrugged and turned our attention back to the music. Back to the beat, back to the rhythm. We danced in tandem but we didn't touch, not even once.

At the end of the show the singer threw his arms around me. "I'm sorry, I'm so sweaty!" I didn't mind. He was giddy, he had thrown all of his joy into that hug, and he released me with the biggest grin on his face. "You boys were fantastic tonight. I'm so glad I came." I hugged the bass player and said my goodnights, while the band had another beer.

Outside, my new friend asked if there was somewhere else we could get a drink. "There's an Irish pub a couple blocks down." I gave him a sideways glance. "Maybe I should order for us." He laughed with me and we headed out. At the pub, I tried to figure out when and how to say what I needed to. I didn't want him to waste his money on buying me drinks, only to be disappointed. In the end I just kinda blurted it out--"I am in a bit of a different relationship situation. I am married, but we see other people...I don't do one night stands, though." He shrugged. "Eh, I'm not sure how to pick up girls, anyway." He was an engineer, though what he really wanted was to be a helicopter pilot. He was in town for work and only had one night to live it up. "I still want to dance! Do you know any nightclubs?"

I took him to the gay bar. It was the nearest place I could think of with a dance floor still going. "You don't mind, do you?" I asked while he took my hand. "Nah. Gay people are pretty good dancers. Is this okay...?" He squeezed my hand lightly. "Yeah, I think so. It's nice." He nodded. Our steps were a little uneven as the alcohol made its way through our limbs.

"So," he said, pausing a little. "If you aren't planning on having sex with me, do you think you could be my wing woman?" I laughed. "Of course."

At the club, we made our way out on the floor and moved and grooved to the awful music. The alcohol made us care a little less about the lyrics and we just followed the beat. We still didn't touch, except the accidental bumps when someone else crashed into us. I nodded towards the pole at the side of the dance floor. "You know, I broke my arm here once." He raised an eyebrow and the corners of his eyes crinkled as he grinned, taunting me a little. "Well, you should get back on the horse then, yeah?" "Yeah, perhaps."

I jumped up, closed my eyes, and moved through two more songs, not daring to look at him. When I came back down he whispered to me "Well, you've got some moves." We had another drink and he looked over the crowd. "I feel bad about chatting someone else up; I'm here with you!" "Go, silly, I brought you here to have a good time. Do what you want to do."

"Well, mostly, I want to do you."

"...Okay, not that. Go on now." I shooed him away, laughing. He talked and danced with a few girls before returning to me. "She just asked me straight up if I'd like a fuck." He motioned to a pretty blonde across the floor. "Oh. That's rather direct. Well then?" "I turned her down." He smiled. I smiled. We danced some more.

When our feet would no longer hold us and I was sure my lungs would burst, we sat on a couch in the corner. "So....what about kissing?" he inquired, as we were close together and comfortable. "Kissing is not a one night stand, is it?" I paused. "I...I don't really know!" "Well it's your rules, silly, what do you mean you don't know?"

His kisses were gentle and warm. I pulled back, blushing. He leaned in again, and I kissed him on the nose and dashed back to the dance floor. He followed. We had one more dance left in us. This time, we moved in close, and I slid my arm around his neck briefly. We moved together--slightly apart, but I could feel the warmth of his chest. Then the song was over, and we pulled away.

Outside, I told him we had two options. "We can go find some food, or part ways here." "Food!" After some discussion, however, we realized that our only option that late was ordering from the 24 hour pizza place. "We could order to my room...?" He was so hopeful. "Not happening, my dear." "Well, you can't fault me for trying," he said sheepishly. I couldn't. I probably would have enjoyed the one night with him, but it really wasn't my thing. I called him a cab and said I could walk home from there, as my house wasn't far. "Will you be alright, though?"

"Probably!"

The walk took me a half hour. I met others on the way, with calls of "Pretty lady!" and "Where's the party?" but I made it home fine, of course. I texted him to let him know I made it, and he replied in kind. The next morning we each texted once to say thanks for the company and we had had a good time. He was the last to text and I left it at that, smiling.

Two days later, I received one more text from him.

"Hi, good meeting you and all the very best, but I would appreciate not texting me as I am with someone and she would not like me getting texts from strange women. I hope you can understand, take care and look after yourself, me."

I would have traced his laugh lines with my fingers after all, I think. Very lightly.

title: Saturday night

question: Why are the man's laugh lines his most memorable feature to the narrator?

answer: The narrator clearly fancies him.

question: Where do the narrator and the man meet?

answer: At a show/concert.

question: Why is the man waiting for the narrator outside?

answer: Presumably he has taken a liking to her.

question: Why do they choose a gay bar?

answer: They want to dance-but the other reasons are not clear.

question: Why does the narrator state she would trace his laugh lines anyway?

answer: She seems to regret not having done more sexually/physically with him, but that's just a guess.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A woman meets a man at a show. She tells him she's married, but they go dancing and she acts as his wingwoman. They kiss before parting at the end of the night. Two days later, he texts telling her not to text him, as his girlfriend wouldn't appreciate his getting messages from other women.


text:
Lem looked at the old man. His battered hat hung low on his brow, and he was leaned up against an old birch tree, breathing heavily. His eyes looked deeper than oceans. His mind was made up. His face was resolute. The lines under his eyes sagged and glistened with sweat and he knew that his vengeance was satisfied, but that he was going to pay for it with his life. He didn’t look like he minded.

“Lemmy, gimme that bottle of rye out of my saddle bag. Hurry up now. Not much time.”

Lem approached the black horse with caution. He knew she had a terrible temper, and just loved kicking anyone who snuck up on her. He didn’t know much about horses, but he knew this one was on loan from the devil himself. He truly believed it. She’d killed more than one stable boy with a single kick Lem knew. For the moment, however, she seemed strangely calm. He patted her side, smoothed down to her rump, flipped over the flap on the saddle bag, and grabbed the bottle within. It felt warm, and the bottle was old, dusty, and half empty. He didn’t figure the old man would care though. He wasn’t particular about his rye. He handed it over.

“Obliged thankye.”

The old man pulled his hand from his stomach for the first time since he felt the blow. He remembered how strange it was, that he never felt any pain. He only felt a powerful kick. When the bullet struck him, he knew what it had done. When he had been at war, he had seen his brothers fall. He knew the ones that said “it don’t hurt” weren’t long for living. He knew every time he’d been shot before it hurt like hell. But this didn’t hurt.

The wound was small. The way he was sitting it just looked like a nick. But it was bleeding him out, and the blood was getting darker. The old man laughed as he pressed the bottle to his lips. He could smell its contents. It smelled like the end of a long road. It smelled like going home.

“How did you do it?” Lem asked, shakily.

The old man pulled the bottle down, yet to taste his victory.

“I’m trying to die here boy, what are you going on about?”

“It’s just...I tried shooting Jerry. I tried shooting him before he got you. I couldn’t do it. I couldn’t pull the trigger. Then he pulled, and he killed you. He killed you and it’s my fault. I couldn’t pull the trigger, even to save your life. I knew if I killed him that Miss Holly would cry, and little Luanne. How did you kill all those men knowing they weren’t going home to their families, knowing you would cause so much heartache?”

The old man was stunned. He hadn’t heard Lem say much more than two words since he met him at the stable. He thought for a moment, then sat the bottle down.

“You weren’t wrong to feel that way Lemmy. You shouldn’t have shot him. No man should ever take another man’s life. Not for no reason. I shouldn’t have killed a single one of those men. Vengeance is the Lord’s lemmy. You’d do wise to remember it.”

“You didn’t!” Lemmy shouted, tears were welling up in his eyes.

“You took vengeance on all those men for what they did to your family! You took it! You forsook the lord! Men do it all the time! Why the hell couldn’t I? Why couldn’t I? You tell me. You owe me that much. I helped you track ‘em all down. You tell me how you mustered up the courage to take a man’s life knowing the consequences.”

The old man couldn’t believe his ears. This quiet towny boy had some backbone to him. And he wanted to learn how to kill. What a thing. The old man mulled it over, as if he had all the time in the world. The boy had helped him. He owed him. His gaze went to the bottle.

“Boy I’ve taken my vengeance. I surely have. But I have lost everything in my life worth living for. I’ll tell you how to kill, boy. Because sometimes a man needs to kill. Whether he should or shouldn’t, wants to or doesn’t.”

His eyes remained fixed on the bottle of brown liquid, glimmering in the hot June sun. Sweat trickled down his brow. He wanted the drink. It could wait a little longer.

“If you're going to kill a man, you don’t ever think about all that you’re taking away or the people who are going to hurt because of it. When you're looking down that barrel you better look past that point in time. If you are any kind of decent human being you won't be able to pull the trigger if you consider what you’re doin. Thats why you don't pay attention to the seconds before you kill him, you live in the few seconds after. You live in the after as long as you can. That’s your whole world for the foreseeable future. But bear in mind, there will come a day when you will revisit the time before. You may be at home, asleep in your bed with your wife. And you'll hear that pleading, or worse, you’ll see their eyes. Eyes plead more’n a mans mouth ever did. I’ve woke at night drenched in sweat remembering the eyeballs of all the men I’ve killed. I reckon I’ve done that for my last time though. At least there’s some relief there. And here.”

The old man grabbed the bottle with verve and vigor. He upended it and swallowed the entire contents, seemingly in only a few gulps.

He dropped the bottle, looked at the sun as it was passing behind the mountains, and shut his eyes. Victorious.

Lem pulled the old man’s hat down over his face. It looked like he was sleeping. He folded his arms across his chest. He looked at the colt nestled firmly in the old man’s holster. He looked a good long while. He thought about the man that had killed his father. Over a damn horse. He looked at that colt and played it out in his head. Finding him. Pulling the gun, pulling the trigger. The advice the old man gave him made sense. But could he live the hard nights after? Could he pay the price of vengeance?

He looked down at the old man’s bottle. It wasn’t completely empty. There was one more sip. Lem held the bottle up and let it drop onto his tongue. It tasted good.

title: Realistic Fiction [RF] Another Sip

question: What does the story say about why Lem was so upset about not saving the old man?

answer: Lem, the old man's stable boy, was distraught when he could not save his master from getting shot by failing to kill Jerry. Because of this, the old man bled out and started dying from his wound. Lem couldn't save his master's life because he hesitated to kill Jerry, a family man. He also tried considering the pain he'd put Jerry's wife and little daughter through if he didn't come home to them.

question: What does the story say about the consequences of taking a man's life?

answer: The old man advised Lem, his stable boy, against taking a man's life when he expressed his grief over not preventing Jerry from shooting him. The old man then told Lem that he didn't need to take a man's life because of the dire consequences, and if ever the reason for taking a man's life was for vengeance, it should be left for the Lord because no one had the right to end another man's life. The old man explained to Lem what he endured all those years he killed so many men and how that memory always haunted his nightmares, which the old man didn't want Lem to experience because he wanted better for him.

question: What does the story say was Lem's motivation for wanting to kill?

answer: After watching the old man die from a gunshot wound, Lem wondered about taking a man's life. He thought about how he could've saved the old man from dying if he had shot Jerry, the man who killed him. However, even though the old man advised Lem against taking another man's life, Lem couldn't help but remember the man who killed his father over a horse. He wondered about his whereabouts and envisioned himself shooting the man with the old man's colt.


text:
play

Radio Gaga: Mexico Grand Prix (0:35)

The best bits of race radio from the Mexico Grand Prix. (0:35)

Haas team principal Guenther Steiner wants Formula One to adopt permanent stewards, claiming that the FIA "care less" about the sport's smaller teams.

In the direct aftermath of last weekend's Mexican Grand Prix -- in which Romain Grosjean received a time penalty for cutting a corner while battling Fernando Alonso -- Steiner went to speak to F1 race director Charlie Whiting to seek clarification on why his driver was penalised, yet Alonso escaped punishment when the pair made contact later in the race.

"I've spoken to Charlie and we've had some constructive discussions," Steiner said. "My biggest thing is the technicalities of what is wrong and what is right. That isn't easy to find out, and it's the consistency.

"You need to know what is happening and what is not happening with penalties, and that's my biggest thing -- every time it's different. Romain gets five seconds for cutting the corner and then Fernando runs into him, hits his car, and destroys his race anyway and gets nothing. It's like... explain it!"

The incident marked the latest of a string of recent inconsistent stewarding decisions, following the controversial decision to strip Max Verstappen of his podium finish in Austin. Steiner believes F1 needs more transparency and reckons this can be achieved by introducing permanent race stewards that attend every grand prix across the season.

"For me the only solution is to have permanent people there, who know what happens every week. I have no problem if they are then supplemented by additional people or whoever, but there needs to be somebody consistent who knows what happened a year ago, two years ago, last week.

"You need to be accountable for that job, there's too much at stake. This is a big sport. I'm not blaming the guys because it's not their job, but you cannot have one day one decision and another day another one and say 'yeah that's alright'! And for sure it's worse with the smaller teams on the grid because they care less about them."

question: What is the article about?

answer: The Mexico Grand Prix.

question: Who is the Haas team principal?

answer: Guenther Steiner.

question: What does Guenther Steiner want Formula One to adopt?

answer: Permanent Stewards.

question: What does Guenther Steiner say about the FIA?

answer: That it cares less about the sport's smaller teams.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about reforms to the Mexico Grand Prix and discussions about how the FIA should have stewards in the sport. The interlocutor, Guenther Steiner, said some things which were controversial.


text:
KENNETH KING (born April 1, 1948) is an American post-modern dancer and choreographer who is best known for his experimentations with dance and multimedia. A second-generation Judson Dance Theatre choreographer, much of King's experimental dance repertoire combines different movements styles with dramatic material and technological advances, emphasizing the importance of the human body through expressionism and symbolism.[1]

Early life

King was born in Freeport, New York and became interested in theatre and the performing arts early in life after being cast as the lead in a musical production for his kindergarten class. As a child of the commonly referred to “TV Generation”, a period in American culture in which the television replaced the radio as the new household commodity, King became extremely fascinated with this new form of entertainment and was intrigued by theatrics behind popular television programs.[2] While in high school, King aspired to be an actor, and during college, although a philosophy major at Antioch College in Ohio, he acted in summer stock productions for three consecutive years starting in 1959. King soon became an apprentice actor at Adelphi College, and it wasn't until after attending a lecture by legendary American dancer and choreographer, Ruth St. Denis, that he became inspired to dance. King began his transformation from theater into dance by incorporating dance with speaking and props. By the early 1960s he was studying the art full-time. King studied with Sylvia Fort, The New Dance Group, Ballet Arts, Paul Sanasardo, and he also attended The Martha Graham School, while studying ballet with Mia Slavenska. By 1966, he was working with renowned dancers Merce Cunningham and Carolyn Brown.[3]

Choreography and Multimedia

Much of King's choreographic style is based on the idea of dance being a total theatrical experience.[4] King's work was both reflective and innovative in his time in that he developed choreography with generally non-technical based movement, unique to the 1960s post-modern era, but with the newfound technological approach - incorporating film, machinery, characters, text, speech, lighting, and costumes.[5] King emphasizes expressionism and symbolism through the use of the body, while experimenting with space and time, but eliminating the post-modern idea of point of view. King believed that a dance could still have content even without point of view, stress and emotion. His works are often considered to be very personal and an overall poetic experience.[6]

King began performing his own choreography as early as 1964. His first work was titled _cup/saucer/two dancers/radio_, and featured him and Phoebe Neville. _Cup/saucer/two dancers/radio_ incorporated these experimentations with multimedia and was heavily influenced by the subject matter of pop art.[7] King went on to present numerous works at a number of theaters including, The Bridge Theatre, Judson Memorial Church (in association with the Judson Dance Theater and the Judson group), the Gate Theatre, Clark Center for the Performing Arts, The New School, and Washington Square Galleries.[8]

Collaborations

King collaborated with a number of artists throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Before his dance career took off, King worked with filmmakers Andy Warhol, Gregory Markopoulos and Jonas Mekas in the early 1960s. Some major works include _m-o-o-n-b-r-a-i-n with SuperLecture_ (1966) and _PRINT-OUT_ (1967). Both of these works incorporate film and projections with dance. In addition to his _cup/saucer/two dancers/radio_ partner, Phoebe Neville, some of his colleagues included Meredith Monk, Gus Solomons Jr., Elizabeth Keen, Cliff Keuter, Steve Paxton, Laura Dean, Yvonne Rainer and Twyla Tharp.[9]

Philosophy

King's experimental dance repertoire is varied, combining a broad range of performance styles, theoretical and dramatic material and technological resources. He believes that dance doesn't necessarily require the performance of traditional technique. In a 1978 interview conducted by John Howell for the _Performing Arts Journal_, Howell asked King why his then recent choreographies, _RAdeoA.C.tiv(ID)ty_, _DANCE S(P)ELL_, and _The Telaxic Synapsulator_, performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music contained more technical dancing in comparison to some of his older pieces. King replied, “ … in the dance field there are all kinds of ways bodies make signals, or signs.” He states that this is one of the reasons why he is so fond of dance.[10]

[1] Sally Banes, _Terpischore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance_ (Boston: Houghton Miflin, 1979), 168.

[2] Kenneth King, _Writing in Motion: body---language---technology_ (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2003), 148-149.

[3] Karen Raugust, “King, Kenneth,” in _The International Dictionary of Modern Dance_, ed. Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgraf (Detroit, MI: St. James Press, 1998), 434.

[4] Sally Banes, _Terpischore_, 168.

[5] Karen Raugust, “King, Kenneth”, 433.

[6] Sally Banes, _Terpischore_, 169-170.

[7] Sally Banes, _Terpischore_, 170.

[8] Karen Raugust, “King, Kenneth”, 434.

[9] John Howell, “Interview: Dance Plus: ...”, in _Performing Arts Journal_, vol. 3, no. 2 (1978), 16.

[10] Kenneth King quoted in, John Howell, “Interview:”, 16-17.

title: Kenneth King (dancer)

question: Summarize what the text says about Kenneth King's life as a dancer.

answer: Kenneth King's inspiration to dance started after attending a lecture by the legendary American dancer and choreographer, Ruth St. Denis. So, from being an apprentice actor, he transitioned into dance by incorporating dance with props and speech. Furthermore, he went on to study ballet with Mia Slavenska and attended The Martha Graham school. King's dance style is reflective and innovative, using 1960s post-modern era non-technical based movement, and in 1964, his first work called "cup/saucer/two dancers/radio" featured Phoebe Neville.


text:
NARDOLE is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and portrayed by Matt Lucas in the long-running British science fiction television series _Doctor Who_. He is a companion of the Twelfth Doctor, an incarnation of the alien time traveller known as The Doctor, played by Peter Capaldi. Nardole initially appeared in the 2015 Christmas special “The Husbands of River Song”, as a companion of River Song, before returning in the following episode “The Return of Doctor Mysterio”, having become the Doctor's companion in the meantime.

Despite looking human, Nardole is an alien from the 54th century with cybernetic implants, belonging to a humanoid colony on the planet Mendorax Dellora. He is the first full-time alien companion of the revived series and the first in the series in over 30 years.[1] Unlike most companions, Nardole rarely wishes to travel with the Doctor, instead staying safe on Earth in most episodes. Nevertheless, he sometimes gets involved in the Doctor's adventures, mostly against his will.

Appearances

Nardole is introduced in the 2015 Christmas special “The Husbands of River Song” as the employee of the Doctor's wife River Song (Alex Kingston). In the course of the episode, he is decapitated, with his head ending up as part of a cyborg body. In the subsequent Christmas episode, “The Return of Doctor Mysterio” (2016), Nardole appears again as the Doctor's companion. The Doctor had rebuilt Nardole's original body, but various media is unclear whether Nardole is now a cyborg or purely organic.

For the tenth series, which follows the two specials, Nardole remains the Doctor's assistant. When the series begins, with “The Pilot” (2017), the pair were based in a university in Bristol, where Nardole attempted to keep the Doctor to his oath to guard an alien vault beneath the university. He is concerned about the Doctor taking on Bill Potts (Pearl Mackie) as a new travelling companion, maintaining that it amounts to him abandoning his post. Nardole is ultimately dragged on an outer space adventure with the Doctor and Bill in “Oxygen”. The subsequent episodes of “Extremis”, “The Pyramid at the End of the World” and “The Lie of the Land”, following a story arc over the three episodes, establish that Nardole came to assist the Doctor on instructions left by River Song before she died, and he has taken it as his mission to keep the Doctor in line as the last request of River Song, to the point that he refers to himself as “the only person legally qualified to kick the Doctor's arse”. He formally joined the Doctor after the Doctor took an oath to guard his Time Lord friend and arch-enemy Missy (Michelle Gomez) for a thousand years. In the same story, Nardole narrowly escapes a deadly bacterial infection due to his alien biology, and he assists Bill and the Doctor in restoring free will to the Earth after history had been rewritten by the menacing alien “Monks”. In several following episodes, Nardole repeatedly shows his resourcefulness and adaptability as he joins the Doctor and Bill on other trips, even once working with Missy to repair the TARDIS after it returns to Earth with Nardole inside it while leaving the Doctor and Bill on Mars in the Victorian era (“Empress of Mars”). In the series finale, “World Enough and Time”/“The Doctor Falls”, the Doctor's crew and Missy react to a distress call on board a Mondasian ship, which results in Bill being shot through the heart and converted into a Cyberman, due to the machinations of Missy's past incarnation, the Master (John Simm). They escape the immediate clutches of the Cybermen due to Nardole commandeering a shuttle, which he pilots into higher levels of the colony ship. The ship is so large that several simulated countrysides exist within as solar farms, with dozens of villagers. In battle with the Cybermen, Nardole repeatedly proves his computer and combat talents, rigging powerful explosions throughout the countryside. When the Doctor realises that to defeat the Cybermen he must destroy a whole level of the ship, he instructs Nardole to take the villagers to safety on another floor. Nardole does so, unsure if he will ever see the Doctor again and knowing that the Cybermen will one day return to convert the human population. Lucas reprises the role briefly in “Twice Upon a Time”, playing an avatar of Nardole made from Nardole's memories at the time of his death. He hugs the Doctor and wishes him farewell before his pending regeneration. In Paul Cornell’s novelisation of the story, it is revealed that the Cybermen stopped being a threat not long after the Doctor left and Nardole lived to an old age with several wives and children.

Casting and development

In November 2015, it was announced that Matt Lucas would appear in “The Husbands of River Song” as a guest character named Nardole.[2] On 14 June 2016, it was confirmed that Nardole would return in the 2016 Christmas special, “The Return of Doctor Mysterio”, as the Doctor's companion and stay in this role in the tenth series until the finale.[3] Steven Moffat said that Matt Lucas wanted to play Nardole again and so he used the chance to bring Lucas back as a regular.[4][5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Nardole

question: Summarize Nardole's heritage.

answer: He is an alien from the 54th century with cybernetic implants, belonging to a humanoid colony. Nardole was employed by the Doctor's wife River Song. He is decapitated and his head ended up on a cyborg body. The Doctor rebuilds Nardole's body, but it is unclear whether Nardole is now a cyborg or purely organic.

question: Summarize Nardole's abilities.

answer: He is resourceful and adaptable. He has computer and combat talents.

question: Why does Nardole assist the Doctor?

answer:
Nardole came to assist the Doctor on instructions left by River Song before she dies. He has taken it as his mission to keep the Doctor in line as the last request of River Song.
He formally joins the Doctor after the Doctor took an oath to guard his Time Lord friend and arch-enemy Missy for a thousand years.

question: What happened after the Doctor left?

answer: In Paul Cornell's novelization of the story Cybermen stopped being a threat not long after the Doctor left and Nardole lived to an old age with several wives and children.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Nardole is the Doctor's first full-time alien assistant. He doesn't like to travel, but he is resourceful and very good at combat. He lives to complete the instructions given to him by River Song, to keep the Doctor in line.


text:
By the end of 2021, a quarter of UK households will rent privately. That’s approximately 5.8 million households renting, due to the combination of soaring house prices and salaries remaining relatively static.

Anyone who has been a serial renter will know that the state of privately rented housing can vary hugely.  Some landlords take pride in their work, furnishing and finishing their properties to a high standard; whereas others complete the job as quickly and cheaply as possible.

For the latter category, neglecting standards can cause all sorts of issues within the property. One of the most common is mould.

HOW DOES IT HAPPEN?

In order to get mould on the walls of the property, there must first be some form of damp present. Sometimes it is easy to spot the cause, other times it is not. There are three different types of damp:

-   Condensation
-   Penetrating damp
-   Rising damp

If you’ve got mould, chances are that condensation is the culprit. Condensation happens when moist air reaches a cold surface, usually a wall or window frame. Condensation can be a serious problem when a property is not adequately ventilated, insulated or heated.

Penetrating damp occurs when there is a problem with the plumbing within the walls or roof of the rented property. It can also be caused by leaks from the toilet, sink or bath.

Rising damp is usually only found on ground floor or basement levels. This is because rising damp is created by moisture underneath the property, which soaks into the base of the building and rises through the walls and floors.

WHAT HEALTH PROBLEMS CAN MOULD CAUSE?

Mould can produce three things that cause problems:

-   Allergens (causing allergic reactions)
-   Irritants (usually to the skin)
-   Toxic substances (can be inhaled or ingested)

As with other health issues, severity can be dependent on who is involved. The very young and very old are both more vulnerable groups, as are people with pre-existing respiratory problems or weakened immune systems. These groups should avoid mould as much as possible, in particular, what is known as ‘black mould’ the spores of which can cause serious harm to the lungs over time.

WHAT DOES MY LANDLORD HAVE TO DO?

Landlords are advised to abide by something called the ‘HHSRS’ (Housing Health and Safety Rating System). This asks that they ensure any problems with mould do not affect the physical or mental health of their tenants.

To do this, they must look after:

1.  The exterior of the property, including structure and roof
2.  Interior of the property, including water, gas and electricity, personal hygiene facilities, sanitation and drainage, food safety, ventilation and heating of both water and internal space.

The landlord should assess the property for potential hazards and minimise potential risks. They must undertake what is called ‘preventative measures’. This means they must ensure the property has adequate:

-   Damp-proof courses
-   Rain protection
-   Frost protection
-   Properly installed baths, sinks, showers and toilets
-   Ventilation of roof and floor, and general usage
-   Extraction for laundry, cooking and bathing

In fact, new legislation is in place to ensure that all landlords make their properties ‘fit to live in’. Although this hasn’t yet been implemented across the board, it will be a compulsory measure by March 2020.

WHAT MEASURES CAN I TAKE?

There are steps you can take to reduce mould caused by condensation.

-   COOKING - when cooking, make sure that you use pan lids, and switch the extractor fan on if you have one. If not, try to open a window.
-   LAUNDRY - dry your clothes outside wherever possible, but if you use radiators indoors, make sure all your windows are open for ventilation
-   DOORS AND WALLS - Keep doors shut when showering or bathing. Also, make sure there is a gap between furniture and walls around the property.

It isn’t always as simple as a request to your landlord being fulfilled. In fact, these situations can often become contentious. Consult a lawyer if you need more advice on your rights when it comes to damp and mould in your rented property.

The contents of this article are intended for general information purposes only and shall not be deemed to be, or constitute legal advice. We cannot accept responsibility for any loss as a result of acts or omissions taken in respect of this article.

question: What does the text say about the responsibilities of the landlord of a property?

answer: It isn't always as easy as requesting you landlord to fix something in your house, some want to take the quick and cheap route. Landlords are held to the Housing Health and Safety Rating System, and will be held to the 'fit to live in' criteria when new legislation comes into place. Landlords must look after the exterior of the property as well as certain things in the interior. The landlord should assess the property for potential hazards and minimize potential risk by implementing preventative measures.

question: Summarize all the information relating to mold.

answer: To get mold on the walls of the property, there must be some sort of damp present. There are different types of damp, viz. condensation, penetrating damp and rising damp. The first is caused when moist air reaches a cold surface, penetrating damp when plumbing leaks and rising damp when moisture from the ground soaks into the basement. Mold can cause health issues especially for the very young and very old and those with pre-existing conditions. These groups especially should avoid the spores of black mold that could cause serious harm to lungs over time. Ensure effective ventilation when any form of moisture is present in the house, will help avoid mold from the renters' side.

question: Summarize the ways the renter can address mold.

answer: Ensure that very young and very old people and those with pre-existing conditions are not exposed to the spores of black mold. If there is mold present in the rental unit, a request can be made to the landlord based on health and safety. These requests can become contentious and it is advised to consult a lawyer. Some of the measures the renter can take include: using pan lids and switching the extractor fan on when cooking, making sure windows are open for ventilation to dry laundry and also make sure to keep doors shut when bathing or showering.

question: Summarize the legislation that requires a property to be 'fit to live in'.


text:
The 1964–65 NBA SEASON was the Celtics' 19th season in the NBA. The Celtics finished the season by winning their eighth NBA Championship, defeating the Los Angeles Lakers in five games. In 1996, the team was named one of the 10 greatest teams in NBA history. In addition five players were inducted into the Hall of Fame - K.C. Jones, Sam Jones, Tom Heinsohn, Bill Russell, and John Havlicek. Sam Jones, Havlicek, and Russell were selected as among the NBA's 50 greatest players. Both Red Auerbach and John Thompson were elected into the Hall of Fame as coaches.

Offseason

NBA Draft

The 1965 NBA DRAFT took place on May 4, 1964.

  Round   Pick   Player       Position           Nationality   School/Club Team
  ------- ------ ------------ ------------------ ------------- ------------------
  1       7      Mel Counts   Center / Forward                 Oregon State
  2       16     Ron Bonham   Forward                          Cincinnati

Roster

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

  1964-65 NBA Records
  --------------------- ------- ------ ----- ------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
  Team
  Baltimore
  Boston
  Cincinnati
  Detroit
  Los Angeles
  New York
  Philadelphia
  San Francisco
  St. Louis

Playoffs

East Division Semifinals

The Celtics had a division semifinal bye.

East Division Finals

(1) BOSTON CELTICS vs. (3) Philadelphia 76ers: _Celtics win series 4–3_

-   GAME 1 @ Boston: BOSTON 108, Philadelphia 98
-   GAME 2 @ Philadelphia: PHILADELPHIA 109, Boston 103
-   GAME 3 @ Boston: BOSTON 112, Philadelphia 94
-   GAME 4 @ Philadelphia: PHILADELPHIA 134, Boston 131 (OT)
-   GAME 5 @ Boston: BOSTON 114, Philadelphia 108
-   GAME 6 @ Philadelphia: PHILADELPHIA 112, Boston 106
-   GAME 7 @ Boston: BOSTON 110, Philadelphia 109

NBA Finals

  Game     Date       Home Team     Result    Road Team
  -------- ---------- ------------- --------- -------------
  Game 1   April 18   BOSTON        142–110   Los Angeles
  Game 2   April 19   BOSTON        129–123   Los Angeles
  Game 3   April 21   LOS ANGELES   126–105   Boston
  Game 4   April 23   Los Angeles   99–112    BOSTON
  Game 5   April 25   BOSTON        129–96    Los Angeles

_Celtics win series 4–1_

Awards and honors

-   Bill Russell, NBA Most Valuable Player Award
-   Red Auerbach, NBA Coach of the Year Award
-   Bill Russell, All-NBA First Team
-   Sam Jones, All-NBA Second Team

title: 1964–65 Boston Celtics season

question: Summarize what the text states about the 1964-65 Boston Celtics season.

answer: The text describes the 1964-65 NBA season as the 19th season for the Celtics. The Celtics ended the season by winning their eight NBA championship. They defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in five games. The text also describes the five basketball players who were inducted into the Hall of Fame.


text:
HAROLD BAILY DIXON (1852–1930) was a British chemist. He was also an amateur footballer who appeared for Oxford University in the 1873 FA Cup Final.[1]

Early life

Born in Marylebone,[2] London, England, he attended Westminster School from 1865 to 1871, and then studied at Christ Church, Oxford under Vernon Harcourt, graduating as B.A. with First Class Honours in Natural Science in 1875 and M.A. in 1878.[3]

Academic and scientific career

Dixon was Millard Lecturer at Trinity College, Oxford from 1879 to 1886, and from 1881 to 1886 Duke of Bedford Lecturer at Balliol College, where he became Fellow in 1886.[4]

On the opening of the first women's colleges in 1879, Dixon was instrumental in allowing women to attend physics lectures. Margaret Seward was a prominent beneficiary of Dixon's proposition.

Dixon served as Professor of Chemistry, succeeding Sir Henry Roscoe, at Owen's College, Manchester from 1886 to 1922. He was chairman of governors of the Royal Technical College, Salford, Lancashire from 1916, Chairman of Salford Higher Education Committee from 1919, and of the Selective Committee for the North-West District of the Ministry of Labour from 1922.[5]

His expertise in the chemistry behind the cause of mine explosions was availed of by governments of the day. He served on the Royal Commissions on Explosion of Coal Dust in Mines from 1891 to 1894, and on the Coal Supply from 1902 to 1905, as well as the Home Office Committee on Explosions in Mines from 1911 to 1914[6]

Dixon was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1886, and gave its Bakerian Lecture in 1893. He was a Fellow of the Chemical Society, serving as its President from 1909 to 1911. He was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal in 1913: _“On the ground of his eminence in physical chemistry, especially in connexion with explosions in gases.”_

In 1907-08 and again in 1923-25 he was President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.[7]

During the First World War, Dixon became in 1915 Deputy Inspector of High Explosives for the Manchester area, for which service he was made a Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1918.[8][9]

In 1922 he was appointed Honorary Professor of Chemistry at Manchester University and supervised research on ignition of gases for the Safety in Mines Research Board in 1927.[10]

Dixon, who made his home in Fallowfield, Manchester, died in Lytham, Lancashire on 18 September 1930, aged seventy-eight.[11]

Football career

Usually in the position of forward, Dixon played football for Westminster School in his final year 1870-71. When he started at university he was a founder member of Oxford University's Amateur Football Club at its inception on 9 November 1871. He played with them in the second competition for the FA Cup when Oxford reached the Cup Final, played at Lillie Bridge ground, West Brompton, on 29 March 1873, only to lose to the Wanderers by 2 goals to nil. He did later play for the Wanderers, as well as at county level for Middlesex. Unlike most of his footballing university contemporaries, he did not take part in the Varsity matches which would have earned him a 'Blue'.[12]

Other sports

Dixon was a good cricketer who was in the Westminster School XI, which he captained in his final season.[13]

He was more noticeably active in mountaineering, undertaking exploring climbs in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and was a member of the British Alpine Club, the Canadian Alpine Club, and the Rucksack Club of Manchester.[14]

Sports honours

OXFORD UNIVERSITY A.F.C.

-   1873 F.A. Cup Final (runner-up).

[1]

[2]

[3]

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[8] Citation not found in London Gazette for Harold Baily Dixon

[9]

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[14]

title: Harold Baily Dixon

question: Summarize everything that happened before 1900.

answer: Dixon was Born in London in 1852, and attended Westminster school from 1865 to 1871. He graduated as B.A. with Honors in Natural Science in 1875 and M.A. in 1978 at Christ Church. From 1879 through 1899, he worked a variety of jobs. This includes being a professor of chemistry, a Millard Lecturer, a Bedford Lecturer, serving on the Royal Commissions on Explosion of Coal Dust in Mines, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was an amateur footballer who appeared for Oxford University in 1873 FA Cup Final. Additionally, he was instrumental in allowing women to attend physics lectures after the opening of the first women's colleges in 1879.

question: Summarize everything relating to football.

answer: Dixon was an amateur footballer. He played football for Westminster School in his final year 1870-71. In 1871, he was a founder of Oxford University's Amateur Football Club at its inception. He eventually played for them in the 1873 FA Cup Final, losing to the Wanderers. He eventually played for the Wanderers and for Middlesex. Unlike other footballing university contemporaries, he didn't take part in the Varsity matches.

question: What does the text say about Dixon's relationship with coal?

answer: Dixon was a chemist, and his expertise in the chemistry behind the cause of mine explosions was availed of by governments at the time. Her served on the Royal Commissions on Explosion of Coal Dust in Mines from 1891 to 1894. He also served on the Coal Supply from 1902 to 1905, and the Home Office Committee on Explosions in Mines from 1911 to 1914.

question: What does the text say about Dixon's wife?


text:
I’ve always tried my best.  Unfortunately my best never seems to be  good enough.  Story of my life.  Another job interview, another rejection.  What do they want?   Some kind of superhuman?  Who can do everything better than anyone for half the pay?  Since when does an entry level job involve five years experience?  Fucking ridiculous is what it is!  Taking advantage of the wee man because they know they can get away with it, taking skilled workers down on their luck who need to work but offering them shoddy wages.  “we’re in a recession you know”, they say, and damn happy they are about it too the fuckers.  A prime opportunity to fuck the average worker out of full wages.  Five years experience for an entry level job?  Pah!  Maybe the bankers did it on purpose to keep the little man in his place.

This time though, the interview was doomed from the start.  From the moment I walked in I knew it.  There were three of them.  All sat behind a desk in raised chairs and immaculate suits, I swear I could smell the smarminess oozing off of them.  You know the type, the sense of entitlement, the little private smiles as they look down on you in the purposely chosen shitty chair to automatically deny you any psychological edge.  They want you down there, looking up at them pleading for a job, it helps their egos to know that they have this power over you, the power to give you a leg up.  A way back in.  Part of the team buddy.

I hate them.

Like I said, there was three of them sat there, with the big boss in the middle.  He hasn’t even looked up as I’ve came in and sat in the only chair, I’m kept waiting, looking like a douche as I wait because I don’t want to stop smiling until I’ve at least made eye contact.  Finally, he looks up, still not saying anything as he examines me like a side a beef in a butcher shop.
Boss:  “Mr Carrick, I’ll cut to the chase.  I’ve pretty much made up my mind who I want for this job but figure I have to go through with the rest of this charade now it’s started.  So, you have 2 minutes to convince me why I should disregard my choice and choose you.”

What the fuck?

I mean, what the actual fuck?  This isn’t how it works.  He’s meant to ask me standard but mundane questions about my background, give me scenarios and ask what I’d do if put in a certain situation where I can answer with the same bullshit as everyone else and add buzz words like team player, responsible, enthusiastic and all that shite.  This isn’t how it works.

All this goes through my head in a split second as I try not to get all flustered.  I’m fucked.  I haven’t prepared for this scenario and in realising this I can’t help but see the genius in it.  Whether he’s telling the truth or not doesn’t matter, this is a test, a proper test to see how I react under pressure.  Touché old man, touché.
Me:  “I must admit, I definitely was not prepared for that.  I appreciate the honesty and with that in mind rather than tell you why you should disregard your choice for me, I’ll tell you why you shouldn’t.
Now, I’m unemployed at the moment and need to get back to work.  I’ve been for many interviews and after today will go for many more.  I have no particular desire to work for you and your company, no burning passion or shared vision or all that other crap people will have been telling you all day.  I just need a job and you have a vacancy in a field in which I’m capable, not only am I capable, I’m damn fucking good.  I like what I do and I do it well.  I lost my previous job due to “downsizing” and since then have met lots of people in the same position.  If I want to go back to work I have to take a major pay cut for doing more work just for the privilege of working.

I am willing to take that hit.

A job for me is something which helps sustain my lifestyle, my job is not my lifestyle.  I enjoy it but that’s not the point I’m making.  To be perfectly frank, and I’m sorry if I offend you but, I am sick and tired of this whole charade.  Interview after interview, being judged on whether I’m the right sort, the right fit for the company.  I’m already at a disadvantage, there are three of you and one of me, you are behind a desk and on raised chairs to give the impression of seniority.  What chance do I have when you have all the power?  You tell me you’ve made your choice, that’s great, why the hell am I here then?  All you’ll have is somebody who can excel in this environment better, maybe a better CV or better experience but I can guarantee that they are the same as me.  Somebody who just needs the work.  Now I could never promise that I’d be the best damn appointment you ever make but I can tell you that if you do go with me, and are fair with me, then I will do the job to the best of my ability.  I will work to deadlines and go that extra mile if I feel it’s warranted but what I won’t do is give up my life for you, become a slave to the wage so you can make a profit.  Be fair with me and treat me like a real person and I will do whatever is asked, treat me like an autobot and you can shove the job up your arse.

Been great talking at you, I’ll see myself out.”

So, that’s another potential employer I can score off the list.  Fuck sake, it’s getting quite desperate.  Maybe have to bite the bullet and take a bar job or, god forbid, a call centre job.  Fuck.  Four years out of university and already been made redundant, after purposely getting a sensible degree in computing.  “computers are the future” they said, “always be work in that industry”.  Just a pity everybody else had the same idea.  Maybe should have fucked off abroad after getting laid off, blown it all on cocktails and exotic girls.

Fuck it, time to get drunk.

title: Time to get drunk.

question: What city/town is the story set in?

answer: N/A

question: What prompts the narrator's monologue?

answer: The interviewer asks a question the narrator finds demeaning.

question: Describe the kind of job the narrator wants.

answer: A computer job that will allow for work-life balance.

question: How long has the narrator been without work?

answer: N/A

question: Describe the narrator.

answer: A man implied to be in his late 20s, who recently lost his job due to downsizing and is weary of the process of finding another job.

question: How is the narrator getting by between jobs?

answer: Presumably severance pay.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A man is searching for work after losing his computing job due to downsizing. Demoralized by the job hunt, he enters a job interview and recognizes the psychological tricks designed to give the interviewers the upper hand. One of the interviewers says they already have a candidate in mind for the job, and he says that everyone they interview will do the same job he would and that they shouldn't have wasted his time. He leaves the interview and considers taking a job at a bar or call center, since there is so much competition in computing.


text:
The blank page stares at me, haunting, taunting me to fill it with my dreams, ideals and stories only to be burnt, torn or just simply faded like my life.

My life fades more each day, stuck on the roller coaster simply holding on, only this one seems to only free fall, as if I myself am falling.

I looked for the light but it wasn't there, cast by shadows of doubt, lies and trickery... Who could ever decipher such a mess, still yet, who could blindly follow such rubbish, yet millions.. billions do.

There is no escaping from these tightly bound chains, doesn't matter if you were Houdini or a locksmith with your tools readily available, all your efforts will leave you mangled and bloody; tearing at the flesh, as the chains grow tighter like a Chinese finger trap.

A puppet that couldn't even achieve the simplest of dreams, I didn't need riches but a fortune of love and family. What happened; Why do my dreams take me back to these places like an elevator with each floor being a set memory; Inception, is this feeling of failure so strong? Who planted this seed, growing within my mind like a festering tumour just waiting to.. POP.. Why can I not take back control.

How did this hole get so deep without me remembering to make a way out? All I have is this broken ladder, as I extend it and make my way to the top, it collapses back down on itself like a never ending staircase.. but where do the stairs go? Each step I take, I seemingly age, starring at the pictures of a broken youth as I make my way up, looking for the picture that reveals when I lost control, but its to late. I'm already old as the air grows cold.. I reach the top where a door stands waiting for me to peek to the other side, What lays ahead? A shocking realization, only death.

So what is this life for? Why continue on? Guess I'll just have to ride the coaster, to see where it finally drops, if it doesn't do so suddenly..

title: [Coaster]

question: What is this text about?

answer: It is the author's thoughts on what life is.

question: What does the author compare "living life" to?

answer: Riding a roller coaster.

question: What type of riches does the author want out of life?

answer: He wants a fortune of love and family.

question: What other comparison does the author make?

answer: He compares life to climbing a ladder with death at its end.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The text are the authors thoughts on live, and what living life feels like.


text:
My brother wrote this a few years back. I always thought it was amazing and should be exposed to more people...Enjoy.

IT'S 'A BREAKIN 'A NEWS!

Early this morning the body of Mario Mario was found in his Venetian penthouse.  Health officials at the scene classified the cause of death as heart attack.  It is reported that Mario has suffered from mild obesity, high cholesterol, and Type 2 Diabetes for several decades.  It has long been alleged by Mario’s former mistress, Daisy, that he continued use of mind-altering mushrooms long after rehab.

The particular fungus is commonly found under the droppings of goombas.  Mario repeatedly insisted that he had not taken mushrooms in several years, and when he did, use was always medicinal.  Since they are smuggled into the country by Lakitus, police have yet been able to apprehend any suspects to prove illegal activity.  Whether mushrooms or any other foreign substance played a role in the iconic hero’s death is yet to be determined.  Coroners will run a toxicology screening when the autopsy is performed tomorrow.

Meanwhile, a candlelight vigil is being held in front of Mario’s home; it is led by his beloved but infinitely jealous brother, Luigi Mario.  He declined comment to Channel 120 news, but he addressed the vigil’s supporters with a poem written on the back of a letter from princess peach:

Oh, oh! – Mario.
How did it come to this?
You always appeared most resilient.
Jumping, sprinting, you would swim a mile.
Always, ever-glowing,
A virtual, gleaming smile.

Oh, oh!  My Mario.
Who knew the effect of being consumed,
Transparent, gliding mushrooms?
A staple of your diet, indeed.
Fitting for a Reptilian Fiend.
How they did make you grow.
And you grew – and grew!
Birthed forth, as from a glowing green egg
Was popularity for you.

Oh, oh! Your Mario.
How age knocks,
Sprouting like a heavenward beanstalk.
But, we must admit, we always saw it approaching,
On the horizon, in the loam.
You’re now driving, everlasting,
On Rainbow Road.
Worries, perils no longer.
Of suffering not a spell.
No need to look behind,
For an impending turtle shell.

Oh – oh!  Our Mario.
In 1985, you touched
A star in the sky.
We thought your influence would
Never deplete.
But, like with all glowing stars,
The music must sometime cease.
Your journey now – complete.

But, were I not to loudly sing, that
For just one more level,
I would gladly trade five times twenty –
Nay!  A thousand golden, precious bling.
Were this desire not to sound, would be for me
As a liar to be found.

Goodbye, Mario.
Now, at this stone, beneath
Which your legacy we lowered,
I lay aloft – three flowers:
One red, one white, one blue –
The token shades of your adorned costume.
Not of flowers that spring and bite
(Though, I’m sure of them you would surely smite)!
These are flowers of peace,
Flowers of an end.
We are sorry, Mario.
Save the princess,
You will not do again.

title: Mario's Eulogy, first time posting here.

question: How old was Mario when he died?

answer: Information not found.

question: Where did Mario die?

answer: In his Venetian penthouse

question: Why did Mario die?

answer: He had a heart attack.

question: Was his brother upset that Mario died?

answer: It seems like it

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Mario died of a heart attack in his home. It is suspected that his habit of consuming magic mushrooms influenced this. at his funeral, his brother Luigi reads a poem.


text:
JOHN AND WILHELMINA HELM HOUSE is a historic home located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. It was built about 1868, and is a one-story, five bay, double entrance brick dwelling on a brick foundation. It has a side-gable roof and straight topped door and window openings. It was originally a three bay, side entry facade, and had two more bays added sometime after 1869.[1]

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.[2]

[1]  (includes 7 photographs from 1999)

[2]

title: John and Wilhelmina Helm House

question: Where is the John and Wilhelmina Helm House located?

answer: The house is located in Washington.

question: When was the house built?

answer: The house was built in about 1986.

question: When was the home listed on the National Register of Historic Places?

answer: In the year 2000.

question: How many storey is the house?

answer: The house is one-story.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer:
The John and Wilhelmina Helm House is located in Washington, Franklin County.

The house was built in 1986 and had two more bays added to its original three-bay after 1869.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.


text:
The BORDERS OF FINLAND are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. Total length of land borders (incl. rivers) of Finland is 2,563 km (Norway 709 km, Sweden 545 km, Russia 1309 km).[1]

Borders

Norway

The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Treriksrøysa, a stone cairn where both countries border Russia.

The border was defined in a 1751 treaty, which also defined the Swedish–Norwegian border. In the period 1738–1751 field investigations and negotiations took place on the border, although the Finnish part needed less negotiation. Cairns were erected ending with one at Nesseby in 1766. A treaty in 1816 with Russia, which possessed Finland, defined the easternmost part of the border. Between 1920 and 1944, the Petsamo area belonged to Finland, so the Finland–Norway border extended along the present Norway–Russia border to the ocean. The 1751 treaty granted the Sami people the right to cross the border freely with their reindeer, as they traditionally had done. In 1852, the Norway–Finland/Russia was closed, causing trouble for the Sami, who needed the Finnish forests for reindeer winter grazing. The Finland–Norway border is open, as both countries are part of the Schengen Area. It is legal to cross the border anywhere if no customs declaration or passport check is needed. An 8-meter (26 ft) wide clear-cut zone straddles the land border. Almost half of the border follows the Anarjohka and Tana rivers.

Russia

The year 1917 was important to the establishment of a border between Finland and Russia. The existing customs border was open. After 1917 Finland created an independent foreign policy and shifted attention to the West. This shift can be observed in its export patterns. Before 1917, almost one third went to Russia, dropping below 5% in the years thereafter. Russia was increasingly portrayed as separate from Finaland. Views hardened and before the Second World War Russians were almost seen as barbarians by Finns. For over 70 years the border was practically closed. The border became more and more problematic. Three months after the start of World War Two Russia invaded Finland without a declaration of war, because Finland refused to cede parts of its territory to Russia. However, the Finnish resistance held much longer than expected and hostilities ceased in March 1940. The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed and Finland ceded more than 10% of its pre-war territory to Russia. After the treaty signing, hostilities continued especially in the area of Eastern Karelia. The 1940 border was confirmed in the Treaty of Paris in 1947. In negotiations after the Winter War, the main Soviet demand was that the Finns cede small parcels of territory, including a naval base on the Gulf of Finland that the Soviets wanted to help them protect Leningrad. In exchange, the Soviets offered to cede to Finland about 8,800 square kilometers of Karelia along the Finnish border, or about twice the amount of land to be ceded by Finland.[2] In 1992 both countries signed the ‘neighboring area cooperation’ agreement. This agreement led to the promotion of cross border cooperation schemes. The number of border crossing points increased. Russian tourists began crossing the Finnish border for the first time. Before 1991, no more than 9.000 Russian visitors crossed the border, but in 1996 this figure had surged past 170.000 and continued to grow.[3]

Sweden

Resurgent Sweden and Russia clashed a number of times over the centuries. Most of the battles were fought on now-Finnish soil. The Treaty of Teusina concluded in 1595, ending a bloody guerrilla war between the two countries (known as the Long Wrath) that had raged for 25 years. Under the Treaty, the northern section of Finland's eastern border made a great leap eastwards, reaching the Arctic Ocean. Those drawing the new border knew that Finnish tribes had spread towards the east. The next redrawing came two decades later. Russia had been weakened by succession disputes and Sweden occupied large areas of Russia southeast of Finland, which were ceded to it in the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617. As a result of its territorial gains, Sweden became one of the largest countries in Europe. For Karelians living in the areas now under Swedish rule, the new border meant major changes.[4] The Finnish–Swedish border was created in 1809 by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn, as Sweden ceded Finland to Russia. The course of the border was described in the fifth article of the treaty, without great detail. The borders were agreed to be the Sea of Åland, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the rivers Tornionjoki and Muonionjoki. Islands in the sea belonged to whichever country was nearest to them. At the mouth of the Torniojoki river, Pirkkio island, the harbor of Roytta and the city of Tornio were agreed to belong to Russia. Along the rivers, the border was agreed to run along the deepest part of the river. The border ran up the Muonionjoki river and past Kilpisjarvi to Norway. The course of the border was amended in 1810 and small changes were later made. This process created caused sovereignty islands, which are physically in one country, but whose owners live in the other. The island of Market was legally split in two parts in 1811. The border was agreed to run through the geographical center of the island in the Treaty of Åland in 1921 and in the treaty of continental plates in 1972. The Market lighthouse, built in 1885 by Finland and operated by them, was left on the Swedish side. In 1981, the border on the island was modified into a curve to squeeze the lighthouse into the Finnish side.

Sea border

Finland maintains a territorial water zone from the internal territorial waters to the sea border. All of this border is in the Baltic Sea. Some ports have border controls which must be visited by boats arriving from countries outside the Schengen Area.[5] The following border controls exist for boats:[6] Santio, Haapasaari, Helsinki, Hanko, Åland, Saimaa Canal.

Border controls on land exist only on the Russian border. See Finland–Russia border. The only permanent border control on airports is on the Helsinki airport (although occasional controls can take place for charter flights on other airports).[7]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Border checks on recreational craft in Finland

[6] Opening hours for border crossing points

[7]

title: Borders of Finland

question: What does the borders of Finland separate?

answer: The borders of Finland separates Finland from Norway, Russia, and Sweden. A portion of the 2,563 km border is in the Baltic sea.

question: Describe the border between Finland and Norway.

answer: North of Finland is Norway, with a border running from east to west for 736 km. Almost half the border follows two rivers.

question: Why was the border to Russia closed for 70 years?

answer: After the establishment of the border in 1917, Finland's foreign policy had  portrayed them to be separate from Russia. The situation grew worse during the Second World War when Russia decided to invade Finland -which ended with Finland giving 10% of its pre-war territory to Russia in a Treaty. Despite the treaty, hostilities and tense relations continued until both countries signed an agreement in 1992.

question: When was the border to Sweden established?

answer: The border was established in 1809 by the treaty of Treaty of Fredrikshamn when Sweden ceded Finland to Russia.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Finland's borders separate it from three neighboring countries; to the north is Norway, in the west, Sweden, which Finland was originally part of, and in the east, Russia, which Finland became independent from. The border has seen many changes over years, mostly affected by Sweden's conflicts with Russia, and between Finland and Russia.


text: It’s 8:45, the sun is down and the evening breeze is rolling in threw the leaky windows. A girl with dark hair and a crooked smile is forced out of her Internet binge by a stout orange cat. The cat purrs with a selfish intent. The girl with the dark hair reluctantly stands up. A cool breeze rushes down her legs as she dashes to but on some p.js. She chooses the blue ones. The blue p.js appear to be her favorite. She picks them every time. The girl with the dark hair, and the stout orange cat strut across the linoleum floors towards the kitchen. She drags her finger gingerly along the white wall. Arriving the girl with the dark hair reaches for the cat food. Opening it from the left side she feels the stout orange cat walk between her legs. She pours the food into a silver rimed bowl, just one inch above the top. After placing the food back in the corner the orange stout cat eats her feast. After a quick goodbye pat to her kitty the girl with the dark hair returns to her lair where she rekindles her computer to her lap.

title: The Girl With The Dark Hair And The Stout Orange Cat - Me

question: Which pajamas are the girl's favorite?

answer: The blue ones.

question: Why does the girl get off the internet?

answer: The cat needs to be fed.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A girl gets off the internet at 8:45 PM to feed her cat. She puts on blue pajamas, her favorite color, and then goes back to her computer to browse the internet some more.


text:
Since the beginning of time, humans have strived for ways to communicate with each other. As time progressed, we started seeking the ability to communicate with others close and afar.

When the telephone was invented in the 1870’s, it was a major disruption to the way people communicated with each other. With the telephone, it made it much easier to communicate with just about anyone who had the access to. It made talking to others close by and far away easier, and thus made phone calls much more frequent in nature.

Fast forward to today, and we can see there have been several other disruptions to the ways we communicate. From IRC to the invention of the cell phone,  we have a wide variety of ways to communicate with anyone we want from anywhere in the world.

With all that we have access to for communicating with each other, what are some of the major trends currently disrupting the way we communicate?

Email

Although email was invented in the 1970s, it didn’t become widespread until internet service providers started providing service in the 1990’s. When people signed up for service, they were often given an email address for their use.

Soon after, email services such as Hotmail made it much easier to get an email address outside of an ISP. Since then, email has taken over as a major way we communicate with either other professionally and personally.

[Nexmo-2]
Credit: Shutterstock
Email isn’t anything new, but the way we use email today is different. We rely on email often as our main avenue of communication. We’ve moved from using the phone to talk to others to simply sending off an email.

It’s also not uncommon for us to have multiple emails for different purposes, more so now than in the past. We have an email address for our work lives and our personal lives. We also may have a few more for other various reasons (such as a side business).

The reliance on email today is disrupting the way we communicate mainly because it is our preferred method of communication. How many times have you ended a phone call or in-person discussion with “You can email me any time”?

Social Media

Social media is one of the biggest disruptors to the way we communicate with others. There are many social media networks out there, and most often the average individual is a member of at least three to four of them.

The fact that we signed up for and are members of several social media networks at the same time disrupts the way we communicate in that these networks provide a way to talk to each other without giving out details like a phone number.

If you’re like me, you know quite a few people that only communicate via social media, be it Facebook, Twitter, or another network. Many have never talked to each other through any other means (such as a phone call).

[Nexmo1]
Credit: Shutterstock
Always Connected

Thanks in large part to cell phones, we are always connected to a mobile device of some sort (cell phone, tablet, or laptop). This means we are always available to communicate with each other no matter where we are.

We often answer emails on our phones when we are away from the office, receive notifications from social media about interactions, and make calls while on the go.

This “always connected” way of life has disrupted the way we communicate because it allows for near instant communication. We no longer wait until we get to the office or home to check up on email or missed messages. We have the access right in our pocket and get notifications to such right away.

We also expect to receive answers and be able to get in touch with anyone quickly, sine we know they are always connected as well. We expect to get things handled right away instead of waiting for them to return to their work or home before hearing back.

Multiple Avenues

Much like having several different email addresses and being members of several different social media networks, we often have multiple ways we can be contacted in addition to email and social media networks.

If someone needs to contact us, they often have various options – mail, call, email, text, direct message on social media, tweet, send a chat, video message, along with many others. The ways to contact us are becoming more numerous as we subscribe to these various channels.

Having different avenues to communicate with each other helps to accommodate others that may prefer certain technologies. Some people may like Skype more than email, while others may prefer a text message over a phone call. Having all of these avenues allows anyone and everyone to contact us the way they want.

[Nexmo-3]
Credit: Shutterstock
This trend in having multiple avenues to communicate with each other is disruptive and helped along with the fact that we are always connected and have our phones and computers with us at all times.

Emerging technologies

You can kind of get a sense of the different technologies available to us in the above trends, but technology for the ways we communicate have come a long way since the telephone.

Things like instant chat, text messaging, video messaging and the like have made communicating with each other in different ways possible.

 Disruptive technologies like Facebook and social media, smartphones and text messaging, Skype and video messaging, and now Slack and instant messaging, have all changed the way we communicate with each other on the daily basis.

It’s no doubt that the next emerging technology will also disrupt the way we communicate as well, just like the ones that have come before it. Technology moves fast, so the next technology to disrupt communication may already be in development.

Conclusion

The ways in which we communicate with each other have changed drastically over the decades, and with new technologies being introduced often, those ways will constantly be disrupted by the next best thing.

READ NEXT: Top pitching tips from creative agencies

_Image credit: Shutterstock_

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question: From the text, summarise the significant disadvantage(s) of having different communication channels and how they affect how we effectively communicate with one another?

answer: There are several ways in which people can reach out to one another. Through each passing year, man has invented different technologies to help advance humankind and ease of living. Telephones were previously the only means of communication one had, and not even everyone could afford to own one. Now, there are multiple means of communication channels that are not only easily accessible but also free. However, these different channels of communication have torn apart the traditional method of communication and affected how people can adequately bond with one another. These new channels of communication, even though they make life much easier for the average person, also stand in the way of proper communication because people now prefer to limit their contact strictly via these channels. Furthermore, it has given people the liberty to choose where and how they want to communicate, unlike then when the conventional method of communication was via telephone.