text:
STATUE OF A LIBERATED WOMAN is one of the works of Fuad Abdurahmanov. It was built in 1960 at the Public Square at the branching of Gurbanov and Cafar Cabbarli streets in Baku, Azerbaijan. He was inspired by character of Sevil from the piece of Cafar Cabbarli “_Sevil_”. The act of publicly removing the veil symbolizes transition of Azerbaijani women from seclusion to participation in Soviet society.[1]

Background

Fuad Aburahmanov, the designer of the statue stated: “The topic of emancipation of Azerbaijani women has attracted me for a long time. When I started work on the sculpture, for some reason I imagined an eagle that had become entangled in the net. She tears her bonds, finally, frees from them. One more moment, and it will soar into the sunny sky."[2]

Veil as a part of woman’s wardrobe was the trait of all cities where trade was developing. The anti-veil movement was initially started in 1908 in Baku by liberal bourgeoisie well before the Soviet Hujum in 1927. However, the anti-veil protests were suppressed by Islamic clergy, causing a major setback. While some women stopped wearing the veil then, many still wore the veil out of social pressure.[3]

A prominent Azeri women's organization based in Baku, the Ali Bayramov Club, actively participated in the campaign to encourage women to take off the veil.[4]

After Azerbaijan became part of Soviet Union, the social status of women changed. As more women became employed, they dressed more often in work clothes instead of the veil. Public displays of anti-veil sentiments, which continued to face opposition from the clergy, regained momentum in 1920's with the implementation of the Hujum. It was not unusual for girls who stopped wearing the veil to be rejected by their family. Komsomol member Sara Khalilova was killed by her father for taking off the veil. The prominence of the statue reflects and honors the bravery and willpower of women who abandoned the veil.[5]

Construction

Fuad Abdurahmanov created the original statue from gypsum in 1951. The monument was restored in 1957 and recreated using bronze. The bronze statue was named “Liberty” and was displayed at the exposition of the Museum of Arts. Several officials who saw the monument decided is would be move to central Baku in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Soviet government. Abdurahmanov then began work on a larger version of the monument, and in it was completed in 1959 in the city of Leningrad where the bronze was cast; the finished statue was then transported back to Azerbaijan and placed on a tall pedestal.[6]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Statue of a Liberated Woman

question: Where is the statue?

answer: The public square at the branching of Gurbanov and Cafar Cabbarli streets in Baku, Azerbaijan

question: When was the statue built?

answer: 1960

question: Who made the statue?

answer: Fuad Abdurahmanov

question: What act does the statue depict?

answer: A woman publicly removing her veil, which was controversial in Azerbaijan at the time

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Statue of a Liberated Woman is a statue created in 1960 by Fuad Abdurahmanov in Baku, Azerbaijan. It depicts a woman removing her veil, which was controversial in Azerbaijan at the time, symbolizing the transition of Azerbaijani women from seclusion to participation in Soviet society.


split: train

text:
MAGOD is a small village in South Gujarat in the Valsad district. It has been there for a period of approximately 350 years. It is a fertile area which is heavily used for agriculture.

This village is approximately 160km from Mumbai and 100km from Surat. Distance from Valsad railway station is 11km and its approximately 7 km from National High way no 48 Atul. Big chemical comples Atul is less than 6 km from magod

Agriculture

There are many farms in Magod which are owned by multiple families. Its main source of income is yielded from the production of mangoes. Other subordinate products of income are rice, various vegetables, including tomatoes.

Category:Villages in Valsad district

title: Magod

question: What country is Magod located in?

answer: Unclear, could be India based on context clues.

question: What is the population of Magod?

answer: Not answered.

question: What forms of industry are present in Magod?

answer: Agriculture is the main source of industry in Magod. The main source of income is yielded from the production of mangoes. Other products include rice and various vegetables.

question: How large is Magod?

answer: Not answered.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Magod is a small village in South Gujarat. It is primarily used for agriculture, with the main product being mangoes.


text:
Picture rain making the dirt into mud under the grass. Feel the cold puddles seep into your shoes and squish with your socks. Hear the thunder. The cool drops of rain hit your skin. It’s making your skin raise up with goosebumps. Watch the lightning light up the dark world like a strobe light at a rave. You know it’s bright, and it might even blind you for a quick moment. Suddenly, everything seems suspended in the air. The world feels like it’s stopped, like a giant pause button has been pressed so everything’s still. The rain hangs there. Thunder is silent. Even the lightning isn’t as bright. Everything has become dull, and there you are in the middle of it.

This is where it starts. This is where everything begins: at the pausing of time. Life as you know it has changed, and there’s nothing you can do about it. You’re stuck in between the void of this world and the next. It’s all gone downhill, and you’re caught like a rat by a cat. What can you do? Absolutely nothing. In fact, do you even know what just happened?

You’ve died.

Yes. That’s right. You’ve died. You are dead, and there’s nothing to do but stand there, looking at this page. This page of words is telling you that you are no longer living, and you don’t believe it. It’s obvious that you don’t. Nobody would. Nobody ever does until they finish reading this.

What happened, you ask. How did I die, you ask. Actually, there are a lot of things you ask and a lot of things that you scream and a lot of things you just yell. There’s no need for that. What you need to do is remain calm. It will all be okay. After all, you are dead. It won’t get any worse.

Roaming this world isn’t so bad. You just have to find the end. That’s all. Find the end and you’re out, home free. Getting there won’t be easy, but you have to if you want to get out of this frozen world. This isn’t a purgatory. This isn’t a punishment. This is your challenge. You have to escape this place. You won’t find anyone else in this vast, frozen world. You’ll only find yourself. Alone.

Go ahead. Find your exit.

title: Frozen

question: Who dies in the story?

answer: The reader is placed into the story and 'dies'.

question: How did the character die?

answer: There is not enough information to answer.

question: Who accompanies the dead character in the afterlife?

answer: Nobody

question: What is the goal of the afterlife?

answer: To escape.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This story is a thought experiment about what happens to a character when they die. The main character of the story dies and the narrator tells them to escape the afterlife.


text:
The scene: An idyllic houshold, with no peculiarities. The cast: A traditional nuclear family, living caricatures from a Norman Rockwell piece. The parents make small talk as they all eat a breakfast of bacon and eggs. The children hurriedly scarf down the meal, eager for school. The mother picks up the dishes and together they walk out the door to begin the day. Their footsteps make no noise as they walk on the black dirt where grass grew once upon a time. The father takes a whiff of the toxic, poisonous air and declares it is a fine day as he waves goodbye to his family and begins the trek to work.

The brown and grey pollution that covers the sky shields the land from the scorching sun. The father whistles a tune as he carefully manuvers around the corpses and trash that litter the road. He decides to take the long way since there is yet another traffic jam made up of destroyed cars and fallen buildings.

“Morning, Jim.” He says to no one in particular as he steps into the decrepit office, with holes in the celing and decomposing bodies at the desks.

“Another day another dollar, eh?” He says for the 5,789th time to his cubicle neighbor. He types on the broken keyboard for a few hours, despite the monitor having a cracked, blank screen. Eventually, he gathers up a few  discarded papers, organizes them neatly, and picks up the suitcase he never opened, ready to go home.

“See ya tomor-”

He stops midsentence. Something…isn’t right. “I…uh…morning, Jim…heh…wait. Uh…”

Suddenly, his head feels like someone has hammered a nail into it. He drops his empy suitcase and looks around. The father of two walks around the office, causing the rats to scurry away from their meal.

 “I don’t feel very good…something the wife cooked maybe? Hah…”

A part of him knows there is no one here to talk to. Yet such thoughts feel …wrong. “Of course everyone's here! Richard, you sly dog, you were just over for poker night last week! Right?”

No response of course, yet he has heard his friend speak millions of times before. Why, he wonders, is Richard…and everyone else so quiet today?

 “I need to go home and lie down maybe. Sorry, guys, don’t let my episodes distract you, haha…haha…ha"

He wanders out the doors and begins walking home, forgetting his car. Glass crunches under his shoes in the very old parking lot. Head still hurting, he walks to the charred skeleton of a tree and sits aganist it.

 “What’s wrong with me…feels like everything is falling apart..."

As he tries to relax, he feels something sharp stabbing him. A splinter? He holds his hand up to see a small blue wire protruding from his index finger.

title: Disrepair

question: Who is the main character of the story?

answer: The father of a traditional family.

question: What happens to the father when he is at his office?

answer: He begins to feel sick, with a severe head ache.

question: Where does the father go when he gets sick?

answer: He begins to walk home, forgetting his car.

question: What does the father notice when he tries to relax?

answer: He notices a small blue wire protruding from his index finger.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A family has breakfast together before going about their days. The father arrives at his depressing office for another normal day. Everything seems normal until the end of the day when the father begins to feel sick and begins to walk home. He tries to relax when he notices a blue wire sticking out of his index finger.


text: It's 5:00 AM when Barney's alarm goes off on his clock.  Instinctively, he slammed his hand on the clock and set the alarm off for another five minutes.  "Hey, honey, you should probably wake up."  A soft and tired sounding voice says.  Barney glances over at his wife Olivia.  "Huh, oh, yeah, thanks honey."  Barney says, looking back over and feeling the nightstand for his glasses.  He brushes his hands across the table, and here's a soft clicking noise on the ground.  "Ugh"  Barney groans.  "Here honey, let me get those for you."  Olivia says, getting out of bed.  She slowly and tiredly walks over to the other side of the bed.  She bends over and picks up Barneys glasses.  "Thanks babe."  Barney says, fixing his glasses over his eyes.  "Now you'd better get going, baby, or else you'll be late to work."  Olivia reminds him.  "Ok, thanks hun."  Barney says leaning in for a kiss from his wife.  They peck each other on the lips, and Barney turns and walks into the closes.  He changes out of his pajamas into his suit.  "Hey honey, which tie should i wear today, the blue one, or the red one?"  Barney asks Olivia.  "You know i always thought that red tie looked sexy on you, baby.  Wear that one."  Olivia replies, not bothering to look up.  Barney fixes the tie around his neck and ties it.  Barney walks out into the hallway outside their bedroom.  Barney looks at the clock.  He immediately perks up as he reads the clock.  "6:00!?  Honey, why'd you let me sleep in so long!?"  He yells to his wife.  "I'm sorry babe, you just looked so cute sleeping there."  She responds.  Barney sighs.  He quickly walks down the stairs.  He slipped his shoes on, tightened his tie one last time, opened the door, and stepped out onto his porch.  He quickly walks over to his car.  He pulls his car keys out of his inside pocket.  Already the sun was beginning to heat up his dark black suit.  He opens the driver door and gets in.  He jams the keys into the ignition and turns it.  The motor roars, then quits down.  Barney adjusts the mirror so he can see himself.  He strokes his stubble of a beard and slightly adjusts his hair, then looks behind him and begins to back out.  His tires bump on the gutter.  He steers so he turns left, and begins to drive.  "Thank god work is just a block or two away."  Barney says to himself.  He takes a left turn, then a right turn, then stops at a small house building.  He gets out of the car, and walks up to the front door.  Glancing behind his shoulder, Barney knocks on the door three times, then rings the doorbell twice, and inserts one of the keys on his key ring into the lock, turns it, and pushes the door open.  Four armed guards await him inside.  "Nice to see you Barney, we'll just scan your ID card, check you for weaponry, and you can go right on ahead.  One of the guards says.  "Alright, nice to see you to."  Barney replies.  He shows them his ID.  One of the guards scans it, then tells him to step through the metal scanner.  Nothing serious happens.  "Alright Barney, you're free to go.  By the way, Amy said they made a serious breakthrough."  the guard standing near the scanner says.  "Ok, thank you, i'll go talk to her."  Barney says.  He walks into an elevator.  "Please scan."  A woman's voice in the elevator says.  Barney places his eye's up against a scanner.  "Welcome Barney."  The voice says.  The elevator door closes, and begins going down.  Some boring elevator music plays in the back round.  Barney taps his feed and whistles.  Suddenly, the elevator lurches to a halt.  "Final destination.  Have a safe day."  The woman's voice says.  Barney steps out of the elevator into a grayish metallic room.  "Ah, Barney, great thing your here!"  A woman with dark black hair says.  "Yeah, Rick told me upstairs that you figured something out."  Barney replies.  "Oh my god, yes!  Look at this!"  The black haired woman says.  She presses a button and a metal wall opens up, revealing Andrew, one of Barneys colleagues, standing in a small pod.  "What is Andrew doing in there!?  I thought the rapid transportation tube was off limits after what happened to Johnn!?"  Barney exclaims, butterflies in his stomach.  "It was, until we figured this out, watch this."  The black haired woman says, pressing a button.  The Rapid Transportation tube, or RTT, begins to spin.  Faster and faster it spins until a loud shocking sound and a bright flash occurs, and when Barney looks back and Andrew is gone.  Barney stares for a while.  "Where did he go?"  He says, worry in his voice.  "Amy, where did he go!?"  Barney says, looking at Amy.  Amy sat there with a grin on here face, her hands locked together.  Suddenly, another loud shock and a flash.  When Barney looked this time, Andrew was back.  "See, it still works.  But better yet, it allows you to travel through TIME!"  Amy says excitedly.  "What, no way!"  Barney says.  "Andrew, is this true?"  He says, turning to Andrew.  "Hell yeah it is.  You wanna give it a spin?"  Andrew says, getting out of the RTT.  "You better believe it!"  Barney says, rushing to the door.  He inputs the code.  "Five...  Nine...  Seven...  Two..."  He says.  The door slowly opens, and Barney steps in.  "It's all yours, man."  Andrew says, stepping out of the room.  Barney steps into the RTT.  "Alright Barney, when and where do you want to go.  It should only last for a while.  Maybe three minutes."  Amy says.  Suddenly, the sound of gunshots through the vent silences the room.  "What the hell was that?"  Andrew says.  "I...  I don't know."  Amy says, rushing over to the intercom.  "Hello, whats going on up there?"  Suddenly, the elevator door opens.  Three men step out.  One is wielding a black painted AK-47, one pumps a SPAS-12, and the one in the center lifts up a Type 88 LMG.  The lab is suddenly loud with gunshots.  Amy and Andrew both crumple to the floor.  "Nooo!  You fuckers!"  Barney yells.  The AK-47 wielding terrorist looks up.  "Oh, look at the little nerd inside his toy."  He walks over and looks at the console.  "Hey, how much you wanna bet i can make this thing blow up?"  He says.  "You bastard!"  Barney yells.  "Eh, 20 bucks."  The SPAS terrorist says.  The man with the AK lights up the console.  Suddenly, the RTT begins spinning rapidly.  Faster than it should.  Barney can't take the spinning anymore.  He begins to feel faint.  Darkness closes in on him.  Faster and faster he spins, until eventually, all is dark.

title: [SF] Nothing went according to plan at all. [PART 1]

question: Identify some of the issues in the given narrative sample.

answer: Structurally, there is one issue: there are no line breaks, this makes the text look dense and difficult to read. For the narrative, the main character's home is too close (literally two blocks away) from what appears to be a top secret facility.


text:
WILLS BRANCH is a stream in Madison and St. Francois counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1] It is a tributary of the Little St. Francis River.[2]

The stream headwaters arise in St. Francois County at [3] at an elevation of approximately . The stream flows south-southeast passing under Missouri Route DD two miles northeast of Knob Lick. It is impounded as Nims Lake on the St Francois-Madison county line and enters the Little St. Francis River in Madison County approximately three-quarters of a mile southeast of the Nims Lake dam.[4] The confluence is at at an elevation of .[5]

Wills Branch has the name of a black settler in the area.[6]

[1]

[2] _Knob Lick, MO,_ 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1980

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Wills Branch

question: How can Wills Branch be categorized?

answer: It can be categorized as a tributary of the Little St. Francis River.

question: Where is Wills Branch located?

answer: It is located in Madison and St. Francois counties in Missouri.

question: Where did Wills Branch receive its name?

answer: It received its name for a black settler in the area.

question: Where is Wills Branch impounded?

answer: It is impounded as Nims Lake on the St Francois-Madison county line.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes a tributary, Wills Branch, and where it flows.


text:
The Gate
            My job was a simple one. All I had to do was guard the Gate, and make sure nothing goes in or comes out. It was an easy job. I usually sat against the wall, whittling small figurines or sharpening my sword. The days were long, and my home was far from the Gate, but the pay made everything well worth it. I was able to easily provide for my wife and daughter, and still had plenty of money left over.

I missed my family dearly, however. I was only able to visit my home monthly because of the long journey between my home and the Gate, but I wouldn’t let it stop me from seeing my family. A week from today would be my daughter’s birthday, and I was going to leave in the morning to travel back home.

As I looked through the rain at the Gate’s silvery, mirror-like surface I saw a man. The man was in his early thirties, and was weary of his long days guarding the Gate. His dark brown hair was matted to his forehead from the steady downpour, and his short beard dripped small beads of water as the rain rolled down his face. His green eyes were kind and caring, and full of hope as he readied his pack for the morning. My face stared back at me, and suddenly grew dark and gaunt.

The man before me began to change, his figure distorting into something I had never seen. His arms extended into long, lanky things, his hands thinning almost to bone, his fingernails growing to razor edges. He began to tower over me as his legs grew as well. His face stretched and thinned itself, taking the shape of a skull. His eyes burrowed into his head, leaving only dark sockets that stared into my soul. His mouth stretched open, showing rows upon rows of knife-like teeth as he let out a terrifying moan.

I stumbled back and grabbed my sword out of my sheath, trying to hold it in my hands, shaking with fear. The creature stood in the Gate, howling and moaning, until it suddenly lifted its hand, and lunged toward me. I dropped my sword as it grasped my neck, strangling me as I struggled for air. It began to pull me toward it, slowly and tediously, as if it wanted to watch me suffer. I fought to breathe but could not break the creatures grasp, and the darkness surrounded me as it pulled me toward its gaping mouth.

..….

..….

I awoke terrified, grasping for air but finding that I did not need to breathe. I was walking down the path away from the Gate as if nothing happened. I could feel the weight of my pack on my shoulders, although it felt miniscule compared to how it normally felt. I felt strange as well. I felt strong and powerful, but at the same time I felt weak and powerless, as if something was controlling me. I swatted tree branches away from my head as I walked down the path and tried to stop, but my legs would not listen and kept walking.

I had walked this path every day for years and I was never tall enough to worry about the tree branches. I looked down at myself and horror sunk into my soul. I was the creature, and the creature was me. I had somehow entered the creature that had come out of the Gate, but I could do nothing to control myself. I was a prisoner inside of its body, and all I could do was watch as it walked as me. I was unable to stand the revelation, and I fainted, although my body trudged on.

..….

..….

I awoke again, my legs running in full sprint towards a small town. The town seemed familiar, but I could not gather my thoughts enough to give it a name. My body slowed as I walked into town, receiving welcomes from passerby in the town center. I screamed at them, wondering how they did not see this dark, demonic creature as they waved their hellos, but no sound escaped my lips. I passed the window of a small store and saw why.

As I looked at the windows clear, mirror-like surface and I saw a man. The man was in his early thirties, and was weary of his long days traveling home. His dark brown hair was ruffled and dirty, and his short beard was ragged from the long days of travel. His green eyes were dark and sinister, and were empty of any emotion as he stood in front of the window. My face stared back at me, and I cried out in anger and fear.

My body continued toward a small home in the back of the village, and my heart sank with fear. I saw Lily, my daughter, playing in the garden, and I saw my wife, Ann, through the window. Lily ran towards me and hugged me tight, and my body picked her up and smiled at her. She didn’t think anything was wrong, and my body put her down so she could continue playing in the garden. I walked into my home and I glanced at the mirror in the hallway. My face smiled at me as it drew a small dagger out of its sheath and hid it behind my back. I began to weep as I saw what was about to happen. My body turned and stopped as Ann rushed towards me. I screamed at myself as my arm thrust forward, and my life shattered.

I guarded that Gate so that I could provide for my wife and daughter. I guarded that Gate so I could build a better life for my family. I guarded that Gate because I loved them more than anything. I guarded that Gate, and it ruined my hopes, my dreams, and destroyed everything I cared for.

title: The Gate

question: Summarize the acts of violence that occur during the story.

answer: The creature lunges toward the narrator and grabs his neck, strangling him. Later, the creature, disguised as the narrator, draws a dagger and kills the narrator's wife, Ann.

question: Summarize everything relating to the narrator's motivation.

answer: The narrator is tasked with guarding the Gate, making sure nothing goes in or comes out. He is paid well to guard the gate, enough so that he can provide for his wife and daughter and still have money left over. He guards the gate because he loves his wife and daughter more than anything.

question: Summarize the history of the Gate.

question: Summarize everything relating to the narrator's family.

answer: The narrator guards the Gate so that he can provide for his wife and daughter. He misses them dearly while he is guarding the Gate and is only able to visit home monthly. He is going to visit for his daughter's birthday. After being possessed by the creature, he arrives at his home and is greeted by his daughter, Lily. The creature draws a dagger and kills his wife, Ann.


text:
[RiverPalooza]

Join your Upper Potomac Riverkeeper to experience the Antietam like you have never experienced before. History shrouds the Antietam Creek with the National Battlefield along its banks and the many stone arched bridges that cross the river. The day will begin at the visitor’s center with a movie and National Park Service (NPS) guided tour of the Antietam National Battlefield. Then, our NPS guide will join us as we meet up with the outfitters near the Burnside Bridge Rd access and float to the confluence of the Potomac. Our lively guide will educate and entertain you with history and stories of the Antietam but the guided trip is only the teaser compared to this beautiful beginner white water river where each turn will bring you excitement and wonder. Help us celebrate the Antietam Creek and the importance of keeping its waters clean as part of Potomac Riverkeeper Network’s RiverPalooza 2017!

[]OUTFITTER: River and Trail Outfitters

ARRIVAL LOCATION:
Antietam National Battlefield Visitor Center
5831 Dunker Church Road
Sharpsburg, MD 21782

ARRIVAL TIME: 9:30 AM at the visitor center, we will be on the creek by noon.  Paddlers should plan to be off the water by 4:00 PM

PADDLE LEVEL: Beginner/intermediate

PADDLE DISTANCE: 6 miles/3 hrs

BOAT OPTIONS AND COSTS:

-   Canoe rental: $40 per canoe, $25 registration fee for the renter and/or passenger. (This is a $126 value)
-   Single Kayak: $55 per kayak for one person ($111 value)
-   BYOB (Bring Your Own Boat): $50 per boat for the shuttle. ($96 value)

Free RiverPalooza T-shirt to first 10 registrants!

OPTIONAL ACTIVITY:
Camping before and after at Harpers Ferry Adventure Center (HFAC) [Contact center for reservations. Located at 37410 Adventure Center Lane, Purcellville, VA 20130 Phone: (540) 668-9007]

PARTICIPANT LIMIT: 30 People

_EVERY PADDLE PARTICIPANT must print, fill out and bring their ACA waiver with them on the day of the event. Depending on your trip, you may also need to bring an outfitter waiver. Please see your confirmation email for details._

 ACATripWaiver_adult    ACATripWaiver_minor    River and Trails waiver

Follow us on social media at #RiverPalooza2017

_Potomac Riverkeeper Network is not responsible for securing camping reservations or for the safety and enjoyment of participants who wish to attend. Trip times are subject to change or cancellation due to inclement weather, high river levels, tidal fluctuations, wind and other factors that could jeopardize safety and enjoyment of participants. Unfortunately, there can be no refunds. Potomac Riverkeeper Network is not responsible for any personal property that may be lost, damaged, or stolen during the trip. Potomac Riverkeeper Network is not responsible for limited camping, outfitter service, lengthy paddle distances, late start times and uncontrollable weather that could potentially prohibit/limit our ability to provide an enjoyable and safe paddling experience._

_[]RIVERPALOOZA_ IS A WATERKEEPER ALLIANCE SPLASH SERIES EVENT, PRESENTED NATIONALLY BY TOYOTA AND LOCALLY BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND MOM’S ORGANIC MARKET.

question: What does the article say about the Antietam National Battlefield?

answer: Antietam Creek is a historical place in Mariland as its banks were once a battlefield. The National Park Service (NPS) preserves the Antietam National Battlefield, and guided tours are given to visitors where they learn about the history of Antietam.

question: What does the article say about RiverPalooza activities?

answer: Part of the experience at the Antietam is the RiverPalooza, where participants can try water activities such as canoeing and kayaking. You can rent a boat or bring your own. There is a limit of 30 people and the first 10 to register will get a free RiverPalooza shirt. Participants can also go camping, which is optional and needs prior reservation.

question: What does the article say about Potomac Riverkeeper Network's disclaimer?

answer: Potomac Riverkeeper Network provides participants Antietam experience. However, there are a couple of things they are not responsible for, such as securing camping reservations, safety and enjoyment of the participants, loss or damage of personal properties, late start times, and changes or cancellations due to bad weather and other factors. A waiver needs to be signed, and there is no refund.

question: What does the article say about how to keep the river clean?


text:
EDWARD VALENTINE SHEPARD (1866 – 1937)[1] was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century.

Life, career, and works

Shepard was a native of Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Samuel Shepard and Sarah Woodward Shepard. He was graduated from MIT in 1889 with a civil engineering degree, after which he worked in South America and Mexico as well as Massachusetts, also working for the United States Patent Office and teaching at Columbia University. He also devoted many years to his bridge career.[2]

Shepard's engineering training led him to apply mathematical analysis to bridge. His 1913 work _Scientific Auction Bridge_ was the first American book to deal extensively with the mathematics and distribution of bridge hands.[3]

Shepard was one of the twelve members of the Bridge Headquarters, organized in 1931[4] and representing bridge's “old guard” against the insurgent Ely Culbertson.[5]

Shepard was an honorary member of the British Bridge League and the American Bridge League.[6] The Shepard Club, an early Portland, Maine bridge club organized by John B. Thomes, was named in his honor.[7]

Shepard died February 9, 1937 at home in Manhattan.[8]

Publications

-   [9][10]

-   [11]

-   [12]

-   [13]

-   [14]

-   [15][16]

-   [17]

-   [18][19]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

title: Edward V. Shepard

question: Where was Shepard a native of?

answer: Salem, Massachusets.

question: When did Shepherd graduate from MIT?

answer: 1889.

question: When did Edward Valentine Shepard die?

answer: 1937.

question: Where did Shepard die?

answer: In Manhattan.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about an engineer, Edward Valentin Shephard, who studied at MIT in the 1880s and devoted his life to building bridges.


text:
It was late that steamy night, a Thursday or Friday judging by the relaxed crawl of visitors in the open-air restaurant.  I don't entirely remember how I got to Jakarta- I was still jet-lagged, drugged, and operating almost exactly at the opposite of California time.

"I remember that shit from last time," I asserted quickly.  We shuffled up the stairs to meet my travel buddy's Indonesian friend, a cook at the restaurant.

There were tables full of elderly Indonesians, well-dressed for the evening and smoking American cigarettes.  A few old ladies shot us glares as we giggled and gathered behind the counter.  The cook pulled out his fine glass pipe.

"Alright, I need you to pack this.  I'll find a place outside."  He had a good-sized amount of crumbled, brown marijuana on the counter, but as I looked up, I noticed about four or five healthy green plants, sitting on the counter in plain view.

I began to work with his pipe while he and some friends stood out in the hot air of Jakarta's tropical night.  It held a deep and venial fury, something full of a promise that I couldn't even begin to fathom.  I knew it only because of the sickly pace that it stirred up in my virgin heart, a rapid beat that I held onto in the fear that somehow, my foreign odyssey would not give me the thrills I'd been desperate for since my youth in America.

The bowl was about halfway full when an old lady stood up.  She began yelling in Indonesian.  I couldn't understand, but I heard hurried, clumsy footsteps from downstairs.  The cook dashed back to the counter, grabbed the pipe from me and pushed the plants into a compartment underneath.  Tiny, ominous red lasers flashed across the walls.  I ran outside onto the porch, where a few others were still scrambling confusedly.  My travel buddy's eyes locked onto mine, wide with fear.

"Jump!" he yelled, and he flipped off the balcony into the grass below.  I took a deep breath and followed.  Crashing onto the wet grass, I hoped to avoid the few, scattered lights.

We ran to the end of the grassy area that demarcated the restaurant's property.  Ahead, a jungle loomed.  My friend rushed into the forbidding realm.

"Are you kidding?" I choked.  "They have dangerous animals in there!"

"Would you rather get shot?" he replied as he continued ahead.  At a loss, I followed.  We soon came to a wooden bridge, and a small clearing.

I was nearly across the bridge when my friend stopped in his tracks.  About twenty yards in front of him, a large, predatory cat eyed us.  Its eyes flashed green as it paced forward.  My buddy ran, and I too hurtled back towards the bridge.

The cat took chase.  I ran faster than I thought I could, but just after I crossed the bridge, the cat caught up to my buddy and swallowed him whole.  I fell to the ground in horror.

Satisfied, the cat licked its lips and retreated back across the bridge.  I stumbled to my feet and looked around.  After I took a few steps back towards the restaurant, another threat appeared.

A maned lion growled at me from just a few yards away.  My breath caught in my throat, but then I exhaled and spoke up in disbelief.

"Hold on, hold on...there are no lions in Indonesia!  I must be dreaming!"  I ran back to the restaurant as fast as I could, hoping to catch a last glance of that beautifully savage world, but the earth crumbled beneath my feet.  The sky burst, and I awoke to another rainy weekday, late to class.

title: Troubles for a Foreigner?

question: How does the main character's situation change throughout the story?

answer: The narrator accompanies his friend to an open-air restaurant in Jakarta that is familiar to him shortly after his flight from California. The cook in the restaurant asks the narrator to pack his pipe with marijuana, but then the police show up and everyone scatters. The narrator and his friend ran into the forest to escape and encounters dangerous animals. The narrator's friend is swallowed whole by a large cat and, when an adult lion starts chasing the narrator, he realizes that he is in a dream and wakes up late to class.

question: Summarize the primary source of tension in the story.

answer: The initial source of conflict is an anticipated physical confrontation between the narrator, his friend, and the police. The police have presumably come to a restaurant to enforce a law about the use of marijuana. This escalates when the narrator and his friend escapes into the jungle and comes face to face with dangerous animals.

question: What does the story say about wildlife in Indonesia?

answer: The restaurant where the narrator's dream plays off is located adjacent to a jungle with dangerous animals. The jungle is not separated from the hotel with a fence. The narrator's friend is chased down by a large predatory cat with green eyes, presumably a jaguar. The jaguar swallows the friend whole, this is unrealistic. Then the narrator encounters an adult male lion, but he recognizes this as an impossibility and wakes up from his dream.

question: Summarize all the information relating to the class the main character is late for.


text:
JUSTUS STÖCKLIN (or JUSTIN STÖCKLIN) (4 May 1860, Ettingen – 12 July 1943, Basel) was a Swiss teacher and author. His books for primary school mathematics were widely used in Switzerland. He taught in Liestal.[1]

In 2011, a biography was published.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Justus Stöcklin

question: By what other name is Justus Stocklin known?

answer: Justin Stocklin.

question: What year was he born?

answer: 1860.

question: In which city did he die?

answer: Basel.

question: What was his nationality?

answer: Swiss.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Justus Stocklin, also known as Justin Stocklin (1860-1943) was a Swiss teacher and author whose books were widely used for primary mathematics education in Switzerland.


text: Uday's cheek was pressed against the hard dirt floor of his family’s adobe hut. It didn't hurt anymore, and he was no longer afraid. The afternoon sun was shining directly into the common area. It shone through at the spot where the wall should have met the ceiling. Uday breathed short, shallow breaths, and he thought of playing soccer with his older brother. He remembered the way the stray dogs would sit and watch them play, and how they would never interfere. They were good dogs, Uday thought. He also remembered when he had fallen and cut his ankle open on the  dirt; which had been baked almost to concrete by the sun. He remembered the way his brother Aban had put his shoulder under the pit of his arm to help him walk home, and how he had told him not to cry. He smiled a weak, childly smile, thinking of how he had kept strong; and held the tears back until he limped through the door, and saw his mother. He felt something warm in his gut, remembering how she had taken him into her arms, and kissed his black hair. Laying in the dirt, in the sunlight, he thought about his mother. He thought of seeing her very soon. Uday blinked, and he thought that his blinking felt very slow. It felt as if his eyes lids were moving through heavy liquid. He felt a soft hum in his chest, directly beneath his heart. As he fell asleep, he could feel the dirt caked against the corner of his mouth. When he awoke it was later in the evening, and the sun no longer shone into the house. He lifted his head from the ground and sat up. It was nearing dusk, and he could smell his mother’s kubbah cooking over a fire. Over by the doorway, he saw his brother, and his brother was smiling and spinning a soccer ball between his fingers. Uday jumped to his feet, and as he and his brother went for the door, their mother called to them, telling them to be back in an hour for supper.

title: Dirt Floor

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: Inside Uday's family's adobe hut

question: List the main characters.

answer: Uday

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: That information can't be found

question: In what time period does the story take place?

answer: That information can't be found

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Uday is lying on the floor of his family's adobe hut. He remembers when he once fell and hurt his ankle. He falls asleep and wakes up in the evening. He sees his brother and smells his mother's cooking, and she calls to them to be back for supper in an hour.


text:
Ninja Gaiden Vr Porn Cosplay with Jordan Pryce as Rachel is a spot on shot from VRCOSPLAYX. Her Huge Boobs and the atmosphere in this scene is beautiful and reminds a lot of the Ninja Gaiden universe.

You and Rachel are waiting for the battle to start but its hard for you to focus with Rachel’s Huge Rack in front of your face all the time. Rachel knows this and is ready to give you the time of your life.

Strap your VR Headset and immerse in the Ninja Gaiden VR Porn Cosplay so you can play, Fuck and Cum on Jordan Pryce’s enormous tits!

VRCOSPLAYX is BADOINKVR’S new subdivision dedicated to Cosplay. Targeting popular Games (Overwatch, League of Legends, Mario, Pokemon, GTA, Assasins Creed, Supergirl and more), Anime ( Ghost in the Shell 1 |2), and much more. Don’t wait anymore SIGN UP AND GET FREE GOOGLE CARDBOARD AS A GIFT by MobileVRxxx.

COMPATIBLE VR DEVICES: Google Cardboard, HTC ViVe, Playstation VR, Google Daydream VR, Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear VR and more.

PORNSTARS: Jordan Pryce

CATEGORIES: Cosplay, Enormous Tits, Blowjob, POV, VR Porn, Blonde, Hardcore, Doggystyle, Tattoos, Shaved

WHERE: In the Village with the Statue

STUDIO: VRCOSPLAYX

Watch League of Legend VR Porn Cosplay

question: Is Ninja Gaiden a game?

answer: Yes.

question: Who is Rachel?

answer: Rachel is a character in the game played by Jordan Pryce.

question: Which devices are compatible with the game?

answer: Google Cardboard, HTC ViVe, Playstation VR, Google Daydream VR, and more.

question: What is VRCOSPLAYX?

answer: It is a new subdivision of BadoinkVR.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A description about a VR Cosplay.


text:
HARPY is a steel roller coaster at Xishuangbanna Theme Park in China. The roller coaster opened to the public on september 26, 2015, making it the second lates installation of its kind (as of early 2019). _Harpy_ reaches a height of 131 feet (40 m) and speeds up to 52.8 miles per hour (85 km/h).

Experience

Station and loading

Riders first board the train in a similar style to inverted roller coasters. The restraints on this ride are padded vests and a lap bar coming from above. To make the ride more comfortable there are two flaps holding the legs in place during the ride. After the trains is loaded and ready to dispatch, the cars enter the flying position, the train then departs the station.

Ride layout

The ride begins with a 90° turn into the chain lift hill. After climbing this lift hill and descending the first drop, that's curved to the right riders experience a pretzel loop. The track then wraps around one half loop of the pretzel loop and “threads” it. After turning to the right, riders dip down and get very close to water where splash effects simulate parts of the trains touching the water. After a sharp right turn the track leads over the final brake run into an inline twist, followed by a 260° helix. The train then hits the final brake run.

Category:Roller coasters in China Category:Flying roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard

title: Harpy (Xishuangbanna Theme Park)

question: When did the roller coaster open?

answer: September 26, 2015

question: What is the ride's maximum speed?

answer: 52.8 miles per hour

question: Where is the ride?

answer: Xishuangbanna Theme Park in China

question: What is the ride's maximum height?

answer: 131 feet

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Harpy is a steel roller coaster at Xishuangbanna Theme Park in China. It first opened on September 26, 2015. It has a maximum height of 131 feet and a maximum speed of 52.8 miles per hour.


text:
This was my first short story I had to write for my Creative Writing class back when I was a Junior in high school. I hope you like it!

    "Ooohhhh," Helen groaned. She hurt everywhere. Being in a hospital for six weeks is really something that she wasn't looking forward to. She was about to call for a nurse to change the channel on her tiny tv (golf was not her thing!) when all of a sudden there was a knock on the door. "Come in," she called weakly.

   "Hello, I'm Dr. Bandade, how are you feeling?" He smiled a toothy smile.

   She gave the burly man a sarcastic look. "How do you *think* I'm feeling? I fell out of a five-story window!"

    The doctor pulled up a chair next to her. "Yes about that, how exactly did it happen? On this statement is says that you were pushed?"

    Helen cringed at the very thought of it, not only because it was painful, but she wasn't sure if he would believe her. "Well, it started out as a normal day. I woke up, ate breakfast, completed the daily crossword puzzle in the paper.

    "It was then I noticed that my window was open. A cool breeze swept through, so I decided to close it. I got up and went over to the window.

    "Right as I reached out to grab the handle, Rufus, my cat, rubbed against my leg, causing me to lose my balance. Before I knew it, I was falling out the window!

    "I screamed. I heard people screaming below me. I felt breathless. Panic swept over me.

    "It was only too soon when I came into contact with the ground. I heard bones shattering and I cried out in pain. In the distance, sirens wailed. The ambulance charged down the street.

    "After they put me on the stretcher, they hauled me away to the hospital, where they told me I was lucky to even be alive. They said I broke every bone in my body. I'll be here about six weeks, if not more." Her face fell when she told the doctor this. "And that's all that happened."

    Dr. Bandade looked over at her. "So you fell out accidentally then."

    "No! I was *pushed* out!" she yelled.

    "But you even said that you lost your balance, and no one was with you."

    "Yes there was... Rufus! *He* pushed me out!"

    The doctor rationalized, "But he's a *cat.* He probably didn't realize that rubbing against you to show affection would-"

    But Helen cut him off. "He *deliberately* rubbed too hard and made me lost my balance."

    "What would be the purpose for Rufus to push you?" The doctor raised an eyebrow.

    "He's just evil," she simply said.

    "Oh." He wrote some things down on his clipboard.

    Helen stared at him suspiciously. "What kind of doctor are you anyway, asking me all these questions?"

    "I'm a psychiatrist." He wrote some more things down.

    "What? You think I'm crazy don't you?! I'm telling you, my cat is trying to *kill me!"*

    Before Dr. Bandade could say anything, there was a knock at the door.

    "Excuse me, doctor," the nurse said, "but there's someone here to see her."

    Helen perked up a bit. A visitor to see her!

    The visitor walked into the room.

    "Rufus!" Helen shrieked.

    Standing there was the tabby cat. He was staring at her with glossy green eyes, slanted into slits. His tail twitched as if to say, "I'm *back."*

title: Paranoid?... Or just plain evil?

question: Explain how the ending lends credibility to Helen's claims.

answer: Helen has claimed that a cat is responsible for her tumbling out a window. Rufus allegedly brushed up against her while she had been standing next to the window, and the force and the element of surprise were such that she fell. Obviously to most reasonable people this sounds like it was just an accident. However, at the end, the cat comes to see her-which is an extraordinary feat for any cat to have managed. Therefore, if Rufus is capable of planning and executing a hospital visit on his own accord, he might have actually been capable of plotting and executing the murder of Helen.

question: What do you think the author's intention is in emphasizing the drastic and painful nature of the main character's injuries?

answer: The author is speaking to the doctor, a character which usually has the identifying traits of being extremely logical and science-oriented. It is possible that she wants to make sure that the validity of her injuries is not called into question. It's possible that she's hoping the seriousness of her injuries will extend to the seriousness of her claims; that is to say, the entire incident should be taken seriously.


text:
JASEN MESIĆ (born June 11, 1972) is a Croatian politician from the Croatian Democratic Union. He served as the Croatian Minister of Culture between 2010 and 2011.

Mesić was born in Zagreb. He graduated in history and archeology at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb in 1996 and later in submarine archeology at Accademia per metodologia e tecnica di archeologia subacquea in Italy. Subsequently, he attained his master's degree at the University of Siena.[1]

Jasen Mesić was the mayoral candidate of Croatian Democratic Union for the 2009 local elections in Zagreb. He received 39,623 votes or 13.17% and was eliminated in the first round.

[1]

title: Jasen Mesić

question: Where was Mesić born?

answer: Mesić was born in Zagreb.

question: How many votes did Mesić receive in the 2009 election?

answer: He received 39623, or 13.17% of the votes.

question: What party does Mesić belong to?

answer: He is a part of the Croatian Democratic Union.

question: Where did Mesić get his master's degree?

answer: He attained his master's degree at the University of Siena.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Jasen Mesić is a Croatian politician from the Croatian Democratic Union, who served as Minister of Culture between 2010 and 2011.


text:
Faculty

Richard A. Blatchford, Ph.D.

-   Assistant Poultry Extension Specialist
-   Department of Animal Sciences

My research focus is on the husbandry, behavior, and welfare of small to large scale poultry production. I am particularly interested in understanding the challenges facing small scale and backyard poultry flocks as well as the impacts of housing systems on poultry health and welfare on large scale facilities. I am also interested in developing on farm assessment tools for producers to monitor the health and welfare of their own flocks.

-   530-752-8763
-   rablatchford@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2121 Meyer Hall

Mary E. Delany, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Animal Science

My laboratory research focuses on avian telomere biology, with chicken being the primary organism under study. Our studies concentrate on the organization, inheritance, regulation and stability of telomere array organization in normal, immortalized and transformed cell systems, both in vitro and in vivo. Telomere stability is one of the most significant genetic mechanisms controlling overall genome stability and influencing cellular proliferation, senescence and transformation. Current projects include analysis of the regulation and function of the telomere-telomerase pathway during oncogenesis induced by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), a DNA herpes virus which induces T-cell lymphomas and results in a high level of mortality. This particular disease is a problem of enormous significance for the poultry industry. MDV infection and disease in chickens also serves as a model system for human herpes virus infection and disease conditions (e.g., Burkitt’s lymphoma caused by Epstein Barr virus). Students studying in the lab (M.S. and Ph.D.) are trained in the disciplines of genetics, cytogenetics, and genomics with an emphasis on avian systems as well as comparative vertebrate biology. Research and technology levels range from molecular and cellular to the organismal. Other interests and areas of research include gene mapping and chromosome organization, congenital and inherited developmental mutations, and conservation of poultry and avian genetic resources.

-   530-754-9343
-   medelany@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2131D Meyer Hall

John M. Eadie, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology
-   Former Avian Sciences Graduate Group Chair

My research integrates studies in behavioral ecology with analyses of population biology and conservation genetics. Most of our work focuses on waterfowl, but we are also studying other avian communities. On-going projects include: (1) field studies of the ecology and evolution of reproductive parasitism in Barrow's and Common Goldeneyes, Wood Ducks, and Black-headed Ducks; (2) development of molecular genetic techniques (DNA fingerprinting, PCR, DNA sequencing) to study kinship, parentage, and phylogenetic relationships among the Anatidae; and (3) field studies and computer modeling of the interactions between social behavior, demography, and community structure in cavity-nesting waterfowl. Our field sites include California, Argentina, British Columbia, and Ontario.

-   530-754-9204
-   jmeadie@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

1079 Academic Surge

Thomas Hahn, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior

Interfaces of behavior, endocrine and neuroendocrine physiology, ecology, and evolution. Specifically environmental regulation of avian annual schedules of reproduction, plumage molt and migration; scheduling tradeoffs between current reproduction and survival (future reproduction); evolution of mechanisms of responses to environmental cues such as day length, food, social factors; effects of unpredictable environmental events on behavior and physiology of free-living birds. Avian communication, especially use of heterospecific mimicry in song, and learned non-song vocalizations.

-   530-752-8531
-   tphahn@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

102 Animal Communication Lab

Michelle Hawkins, VMD, DABVP (Avian Practice)

-   Professor, Companion Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery
-   Director of the California Raptor
-   Department of Medicine and Epidemiol, School of Veterinary Medicine

The focus of our laboratory is on anesthesia, analgesia, and critical patient care for avian species. Current areas of research include (1) determining the number and distribution of opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord of various species of birds to help focus studies of analgesic drugs and (2) evaluating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesic drugs in birds for use in the treatment of avian pain. Our laboratory also conducts other studies that apply directly to avian medicine, such as the assessment of clinicopathologic changes in birds associated with specific diseases.

-   530-752-1393
-   mghawkins@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2213 Tupper Hall

Joshua Hull, Ph.D.

-   Assistant Adjunct Professor
-   Department of Animal Science

My research interests include conservation genetics, avian ecology and migration, and the conservation of rare and endangered species. Using a combination of field research and molecular genetic techniques I have studied numerous species of raptors (red-tailed hawks, red-shouldered hawks, Swainson’s hawks, Galápagos hawks, sharp-shinned hawks, Cooper’s hawks, great gray owls, merlins) primarily at study sites across North America in collaboration with the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory (http://www.ggro.org). In collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (http://www.fws.gov/sacramento) I am also studying several species of conservation concern including California clapper rails, vernal pool fairy shrimp, callippe silverspot butterflies, Shasta crayfish, and great gray owls. Current research projects include a population genetic analysis of North American subspecies of merlin, demographic monitoring of great gray owls using passive genetic techniques, and acoustic monitoring of California clapper rails.

-   916-414-6742
-   jmhull@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2131A Meyer Hall

Annie King, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Animal Science
-   Chair, Avian Sciences Graduate Group

Students in my lab focus on ways to prevent lipid oxidation in poultry muscle; use of nutritious horticultural byproducts and other additives as ingredients in poultry feed, prevention of lipid oxidation in meat, and deposition of nutrients in eggs as well as environmental stresses that affect lipid oxidation of poultry meat.

-   530-752-3530
-   ajking@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

1217 Meyer Hall

Kirk Klasing, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Animal Science

Research by students in my laboratory is directed towards understanding: 1) how an immune response to a disease challenge influences nutrient needs, growth, reproduction and well-being of birds; 2) the impact of nutrition on immunity and disease resistance; 3) the metabolic adaptations required by carnivorous and nectivorous birds; 4) the role of the immune system in pathology resulting from environmental pollutants.

-   530-752-1901
-   kcklasing@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2131B Meyer Hall

Maja Makagon, Ph.D.

-   Assistant Professor
-   Department of Animal Science

My research program focuses on interplay between the behavior, welfare and management of poultry, including ducks, turkeys, laying hens and broilers. My lab focuses on 3 topic areas: 1) assessing the effects of the physical and social environments on bird behavior, 2) evaluating the relationship between behavior and bone integrity, and 3) developing and validating practical, species-specific welfare assessment measures. A common goal of this work is to develop strategies to help minimize behavior-related poultry management issues while optimizing bird welfare and production.

-   530-979-9419
-   mmakagon@ucdavis.edu
-   Lab Website
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2245 Meyer Hall

Maurice Pitesky, D.V.M., MPVM, Dipl., ACVPM

-   Assistant specialist
-   School of Veterinary Medicine-Cooperative Extension

Research interests are focused in three major areas: 1) Using "traditional" epidemiological techniques and GIS and spatial statistics to understand how avian diseases move in time and space. 2) Using Next Generation Sequencing technology to gain insights into the virulence and survivability of pathogens including Salmonella and Campylobacter. 3) Gaining a better understanding of 'micro'-commercial (i.e. small scale poultry production) with respect to environmental sustainability, poultry health, and food safety.

-   530-752-3215
-   mepitesky@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

4007 Vet Med 3B

Lisa Tell, D.V.M.

-   Professor
-   Medicine and Epidemiology - School of Veterinary Medicine

Our laboratory is concentrating on developing assisted reproductive techniques for psittacines. The model species is the budgerigar. Our laboratory is also working various studies (hematology and pharmacology) which are directly applicable to companion avian medicine.

-   530-752-5152
-   latell@ucdavis.edu
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

4311 Vet Med 3A

Huaijun Zhou, Ph.D.

-   Professor
-   Department of Animal Science

Research in immunogenetics, molecular genetics, functional genomics, and bioinformatics in poultry. My group is focused on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction including disease resistance, immune response, and pathogenesis of infection. The overall goals are to understand genetic regulation of host response and basic mechanisms of pathogen virulence in animals, to identify host and pathogen genes that are involved in the host-pathogen interplay. The pathogens of interest are food-borne bacteria such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Another area of my research is to functionally annotate regulatory elements of livestock species by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and DNase-seq across different tissues.

-   530-574-6723
-   hzhou@ucdavis.edu
-   Lab Website
-   Faculty Web Page
-   View Listing

2247 Meyer Hall

question: What is the research focus of Richard Blatchford?

answer: Richard A. Blatchford's research focuses on husbandry, behavior, and welfare of small to large scale poultry production.

question: Which organism is primarily being focused on by Professor Mary Delany?

answer: Professor Mary primarily focuses on chickens.

question: Summarize Professor John Eadie's research.

answer: Professor John's research integrates studies in behavioral ecology with analyses of population biology and conservation genetics. His ongoing projects include a field study of the ecology and evolution of reproductive parasitism in Barrow's and Common Goldeneyes, Woof  Ducks, and Black-headed Ducks along with two more projects. The field sites for these are California, Argentina, British Columbia, and Ontario.

question: Professor Thomas Hahn belongs to which department?

answer: Thomas Hahn belongs to the Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: An essay on the different research projects of twelve UC Davis professors.


text:
As I was cycling home the other night I came across a few of my fellow students from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Several of them asked me: Where is your bike helmet?

I get this question _a lot._ I have made a careful and conscientious choice to not wear a helmet when I’m cycling in urban areas because I strongly believe that it will help improve the overall safety of cycling in the long run.

It’s an unintuitive position to take. People have tried to reason with me that because I’ve spent so much money and time developing my brain, and the cost of an injury would be so devastating, it’s clearly more important to wear a helmet. But if we start looking into the research, there’s a strong argument to be made that wearing a bike helmet may actually increase your risk of injury, and increase the risk of injury of all the cyclists around you.

Why doesn’t everybody wear a helmet?

Let’s first get one thing out of the way: if you get into a serious accident, wearing a helmet will probably save your life. According to a 1989 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, riders with helmets had an 85% reduction in their risk of head injury and an 88% reduction in their risk of brain injury. That’s an overwhelming number that’s backed up study after study. Nearly every study of hospital admission rates, helmeted cyclists are far less likely to receive serious head and brain injuries. These studies confirm what we feel when we’re out for a spin on our bikes: We are exposed. Vulnerable. Needing of some level of protection.

Sharing (or wrestling) road space from a never-ending stream of one-tonne metal vehicles can be very intimidating. As a cyclist you are completely exposed. Cars and trucks are constantly zipping around you and there is no metal cage around you to protect yourself. So a helmet provides a level of protection from this danger. It makes you feel safer.

But a broader look at the statistics show that cyclists’ fear of head trauma is irrational if we compare it to some other risks. Head injuries aren’t just dangerous when you’re biking—head injuries are dangerous when you’re doing pretty much anything else. There’s ample evidence showing that there’s nothing particularly special about cycling when it comes to serious head injuries.

In 1978 a team of scientists undertook an epidemiological study of head injuries in the San Diego area. As part of that study they looked at the overall causes of head injury by transportation type.

Here’s what they found:

Over half of all head injuries occur in motor vehicles and more people were hospitalized after walking down the street than riding on a bicycle. Consider another statistic: According to a 2006 French study, pedestrians are _1.4 times_ more likely to receive a traumatic brain injury than unhelmeted cyclists. We can also approach it from the perspective of injuries per million hours from a 1996 Australian study looking at head injury risk before the beginning of any helmet laws:

RISK OF HEAD INJURY PER MILLION HOURS TRAVELLED

-   Cyclist - 0.41

-   Pedestrian - 0.80

-   Motor vehicle occupant - 0.46

-   Motorcyclist - 7.66

In each of these three examples we see that cyclists are not the group at highest risk for serious head injury.

Let's be clear. I am NOT trying to say that studies definitively show that cycling is safer than driving or walking. The studies that are out there give us mixed messages about the relative safety of the different modes of transport. What I am saying is that these statistics raise an interesting question: If we're so concerned about head injuries, why aren't we wearing helmets all the time? Why do places that have mandatory helmet laws for cyclists not have them for drivers or pedestrians? The same 1996 Australian study suggests that a mandatory helmet law for motor vehicle occupants could save seventeen times more people from death and serious head injury than a similar law for cyclists.

Yet, despite the clear threat of fatal head trauma from these other activities, virtually nobody insists that people wear helmets in these situations. In fact, doing so is openly mocked. Consider a sentence from this recent article from Forbes magazine that reports that vehicle accidents are the number one cause of fatal head injuries among teenagers :

  Short of suggesting all teen drivers and their passengers wear helmets, the survey determined that states which maintain the strictest graduated driver licensing laws (GDL) are the most effective in reducing both brain injuries and fatalities among young motorists.

Did you catch that? Despite the fact that car accidents are the number one cause of all fatal head trauma among teenagers, the suggestion that teens wear helmets when they drive is simply brushed off. The passage treats the idea of mandatory driving helmets as completely preposterous. Yet we insist that children wear bike helmets (in fact, in some places, it's the law) despite data that shows kids are more likely to die of head injuries riding in a car than riding on a bike. Children and toddlers on foot are far more likely to receive traumatic brain injuries than cyclists, yet parents who place protective headwear on their walking toddlers are openly ridiculed.

In other words, if the reason we are supposed to wear helmets while biking is to prevent serious head injury on the off-chance we get into an accident, then why is it socially acceptable for pedestrians and drivers to go about bare-headed? Why has cycling been singled out as an activity in need of head protection?

There's an important caveat to the results of that 1989 New England medical study: It shows that bike helmets may reduce the risk of head and brain injury by 85-88%—_but only for those who get into accidents_.

If we take a closer look at the article we see that both the experiment and the control groups studied are those who have already been hospitalized for bike injuries. If one were to examine the medical and epidemiological literature on bike helmet effectiveness, you'll find the exact same condition over and over: Studies show that helmeted cyclists who are hospitalized are far less likely to have serious head trauma than bare-headed cyclists that have been hospitalized.

But wouldn't this be true, regardless of the activity? Logically, helmeted drivers should also receive significantly fewer head injuries than bare-headed drivers. Similarly, helmeted pedestrians should be less likely to receive serious head trauma than bare-headed ones.

But studies that compare head injuries for drivers and pedestrians simply don't exist as there aren't enough helmeted drivers or pedestrians to make a comparison.  Science, after all, can only be accomplished on observable phenomena. If no one wears a helmet when they walk down the street, how can we measure the effectiveness of helmets on pedestrians? In other words, one of the reasons we think helmeted cyclists are safer than unhelmeted ones may be due to availability of information more than actual levels of head safety.

Maybe that explains why there's no comparable fear of driving or walking without a helmet.

How bike helmets may be harmful

But say you _are _someone who is concerned enough about head injury to wear a helmet while you're driving or while walking down the street. Is there an argument that says that wearing a helmet actually increases risk of injury?

Turns out that there is. There is some evidence that _WEARING A HELMET MAY DIRECTLY INCREASE YOUR CHANCE OF GETTING INJURED IN THE FIRST PLACE_. In 2001, an article in the New York Times reported that the rate of bicycle head injuries had risen sharply — an increase of 51% — during a ten-year period when bicycle helmet use became widespread. This during a time when statistics showed an overall decrease in bicycling in the United States. No one knows for sure why head injuries among cyclists increased, but there are a few theories.

First, wearing a helmet changes how drivers perceive the cyclist. A University of Bath study showed that drivers, when overtaking cyclists, gave helmeted cyclists significantly less space than they gave cyclists who don't wear head protection. The study found that drivers were twice as likely to pass closely to a helmeted cyclist, and that drivers passed an average of 8.5 cm (3 1/3 inches) closer when the researcher was helmeted than when he was not. Not only does this increase the chance of being clipped by a vehicle, it leaves cyclists with far less maneuvering room to avoid other potentially injurious road hazards like potholes and icy patches.

Second, the design of the helmets themselves may increase the chance of some types of injuries when incidents do occur. Three separate studies have shown that bike helmets may increase the probability of certain types of neck injuries. There's some evidence that having an enlarged piece of plastic and foam on your head increases the probability of hitting an object that you'd be able to avoid in the first place, or that otherwise glancing contact with a surface becomes a full-on blow when the head is helmeted.

Finally, wearing a helmet may create a false sense of security and induce risk-taking that cyclists without head protection might not make. Those wearing helmets may take risks that they wouldn't otherwise take without head protection.

There are even some startling statistics that show helmets may have little to negative effects on the incidence of head injuries _outside of the cycling world as well_. A recent study from the National Ski Areas Association found that, despite a tripling of helmet use among skiers and snowboarders in the United States since 2003, there has been no reduction in the number of snow-sport related fatalities or brain injuries. On the contrary, and 2012 study at the Western Michigan University School of Medicine found an increase in head injuries between 2004 and 2010 despite an increase in helmet use, while a 2013 University of Washington study concluded that snow-sports related head injuries among youths and adolescents increased 250 percent from 1996-2010, a timeframe that also coincides with the increased use of head protection.

Helmets = fewer cyclists = more danger

So as much as helmets decrease the chance of head injury when you get _into_ an accident, they may actually _increase_ your chance of getting into an injury in the first place.

There is another significant way that the use of helmets harm cyclists: _Bike helmets discourage cycling._ An Australian study on mandatory helmet laws concluded that laws that required cyclists to wear head protection actually decreased the number of cyclists on the road. The implication of this study? The fewer cyclists on the road, the less likely drivers will be accustomed to sharing road space with cyclists, ultimately increasing the hazards faced by cyclists and further dissuading people from hopping on their bikes.

As an environmentalist, this is very troubling. To improve public health and the environment, we need to do the exact opposite. People should be _encouraged_ to take a quick bike ride, not the other way around. Unfortunately our society has conditioned cyclists to feel unsafe without a helmet, even though wearing one might actually increase the chance of a collision with a vehicle; and even though other activities capable of inflicting serious head wounds are enjoyed bare-headed without stigma.

The ultimate way to make cycling safe is to promote a culture of cycling, not bike helmet use. Helmet use is very uncommon in bike-friendly cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam, where cyclists have been socialized to see cycling as a safe activity and where there is the infrastructure to support it. In order to promote the same culture here, we need to encourage people who don't bike that they should give it a try. If my biking without a helmet can help with that, then great. Especially since it's not conclusive that cycling with a helmet reduces your chance of getting injured.

If there was conclusive proof that bike helmets reduce the total number of serious head injuries compared to other normal activities, then I'd reconsider my stance. But if I'm not the kind of person who wears a helmet when I take a walk or get behind the wheel of a car, then there's no logic to me wearing one when I'm on a bike, particularly if I'm confident in my urban bike safety ability.

Meanwhile the proof is pretty strong that vehicles give me more space when I'm biking without a helmet. In a city biking, that's the kind of injury I'm most concerned about. And I want to encourage more people to get on their bicycles, because the more cyclists are out on the road, the safer I'll be.

Says Chris Bruntlett in Hush Magazine:

  ... it is hard to overstate how our unnatural obsession with head protection is stifling the growth of our bicycle culture. It achieves little, except deterring the most casual cyclists, who also happen to be the slowest and safest ones on the road.

Pedalling forward

I'm not saying that adults should not wear bike helmets. The main point I'm trying to make is that, when compared to other forms of transportation, the fear of head trauma from cycling is likely out of proportion to the actual risk — and that fear is leading many advocates to admonish bare-headed cycling, contributing to a culture that's counter-productive to the overall safety of all cyclists.

If you're not comfortable biking without a helmet, then by all means, you should wear one. In fact, some studies suggest that those in demographics that have had less biking experience (like children) should, indeed, wear protective head gear (as should teenaged drivers). I, for one, would put on a helmet if I were ever to take on long-distance biking, since I'm not as familiar with sharing traffic patterns with fast-moving cars.

But let's not believe that helmets are the panacea of bike safety. It's probably far more helpful that cyclists learn how to assert their road rights while also safely interacting with traffic. Understanding how to navigate your bike through the streets is far more important to a cyclist's safety than the helmet on their head.

If you do choose to wear a helmet when biking, don't stop there: Learn how to properly and safely interact with vehicles. Share the road. Know your rights. Learn to take the lane and feel comfortable about it. Not only do motorists treat you differently when you're wearing a helmet, studies show that helmets may be giving you a false sense of safety. I've seen cyclists speed through red lights, ride at night with no lights, pass between the curb and traffic _into_ the path of a turning vehicle, and treat stopped automobiles as if they were permanently immobile. Those are all dangerous maneuvers, regardless as to whether or not you're wearing a helmet.

For me, perhaps future studies will show that wearing a helmet actually reduces the chance of injury, or that vehicles will start giving helmeted cyclists more leeway, or that seeing helmeted riders does not discourage others from hopping onto a bike.

Until then I ride the streets of New Haven without head gear hoping that it will encourage more people to get out on two wheels.

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question: Can bike helmets be harmful?

answer: In 2001, an article in the New York Times reported that the rate of bicycle head injuries had increased by 51% during a ten-year period when bicycle helmet use became widespread. No one knows for sure why the this is happened.

question: According to the 1978 study, who is at the highest risk for head injury?

answer: According to the 1978, motorcyclists are at the highest risk for injury.

question: Does the author advocate for adults to wear helmets while cycling?

answer: No. They are making the argument that the risk for head trauma while cycling has been blown out of proportion.

question: Why does the author think there is an environmental issue with the lack of cycling?

answer: In order to reduce reliance on motor vehicles, people should be encouraged to cycle more.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The author of this article argues that they don't wear a helmet while cycling because the risk of head trauma compared to similar activities is blown out of proportion. They also believe that helmet usage deters people from cycling, which is an environmental and public health concern.


text:
ARGENTINA - SERBIA RELATIONS are foreign relations between Serbia and Argentina. Diplomatic relations between Serbia and Argentina existed before the Second World War and were restored by SFR Yugoslavia in 1946. Serbia has an embassy in Buenos Aires and Argentina has an embassy in Belgrade.[1]

Argentine position on Kosovo

In 2008, after _Kosovo_ declared independence as a _Republic of Kosovo_, Argentine Foreign Minister Jorge Taiana said “if we were to recognise Kosovo, which has declared its independence unilaterally, without an agreement with Serbia, we would set a dangerous precedent that would seriously threaten our chances of a political settlement in the case of the Falkland Islands”. Argentina will not recognize also because it “supports the principle of territorial integrity”. Additionally, he stressed that the 1999 UN Resolution 1244 called for the mutual agreement of all parties to solve the dispute. He said that President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner would not give any official statement on the issue, reiterating that there would be no recognition of Kosovo.[2][3]

Drug busts

[Embassy of Serbia in Buenos Aires] In November 2009, Argentine Police arrested 5 Serbian drug couriers and seized their 492 kilograms of cocaine in Buenos Aires.[4] On 31 October 2009, Serbian police arrested over 500 people in the biggest ever anti-drug operation carried out in Serbia.[5][6] Many of the drugs had passed through Argentina as well as other South American and European nations before being smuggled into Serbian borders.[7]

Visits

On April 14, 2008 Serbian Minister of Foreign Affairs Vuk Jeremić visited Argentina, and agreed with Argentine Foreign Minister Jorge Taiana, on a series of joint steps within international multilateral institutions related to Serbia's diplomatic approach to Kosovo. Argentina will support the initiative of Serbia within the UN General Assembly to ask the opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of recognising Kosovo's unilateral independence and will actively advocate that this initiative is supported by Latin America countries and within the Non-Aligned Movement and Mercosur. During the visit it was agreed that Taiana will visit Belgrade in June and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in 2009.[8]

Bilateral treaties

  Dates                Treaty                                                                              City           Ratification
  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- --------------------
  October 8, 1928      Convention on reciprocity in the payment of compensation for industrial accidents   Buenos Aires   January 9, 1935
  September 19, 1946   Agreement establishing diplomatic and trade relations                               Buenos Aires   September 19, 1946
  June 19, 1965        Commercial Agreement                                                                Buenos Aires   May 10, 1967
  July 19, 1974        Draft Agreement on Economic Cooperation                                             Buenos Aires
  September 21, 1977   Final Act of the II Meeting of the Joint Argentine-Yugoslav Commission              Belgrade
  September 21, 1977   Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation                                   Belgrade       August 10, 1979
  September 21, 1977   Convention on Economic and Technical Cooperation                                    Belgrade       November 3, 1978
  August 4, 1981       Agreement on abolishing visas for diplomatic and official passports                 Belgrade       August 31, 1981
  October 26, 1987     Agreement on abolishing visas for ordinary passports                                Buenos Aires   October 16, 1988
  October 27, 1987     Veterinary and Sanitary Agreement                                                   Buenos Aires   June 27, 1988
  October 27, 1987     Convention on Cultural Cooperation                                                  Buenos Aires   June 20, 1996

[1] Political relations with Argentina , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia]

[2] Argentina rules out recognition, B92

[3] Por las Malvinas, el Gobierno decidió no reconocer a Kosovo, Clarin

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Argentina strongly supports Serbia’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, Government of Serbia

title: Argentina–Serbia relations

question: Why did Argentina refuse to acknowledge the existence of Kosovo as an independent country?

answer: Argentina and Serbia have had foreign relations from before World War II, with both countries having embassies in their respective capital cities. However, when Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Argentina was left in an awkward place. In the end, Argentina decided not to acknowledge Kosovo without an agreement from Serbia so that it will not jeopardize its relationship with Serbia as well as threaten their bid to reclaim the Falkland Islands.


text:
[A stone entryway and newly built houses mark the entrance to Upper Arlington at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Cambridge Boulevard in 1918.[1]]

The UA ARCHIVES program provides access to materials related to the culture and history of Upper Arlington, Ohio, and is part of the Upper Arlington Public Library's digital library initiative. Free online access to these materials via the UA Archives website is provided in accordance with the Library's mission to help the community explore Upper Arlington's heritage and grow through a lifetime of learning.[2]

Through the UA Archives, the Library cultivates ongoing partnerships with the Upper Arlington Historical Society, the City of Upper Arlington, community organizations, and individuals to digitize items of historical interest and make them available to the public. By working with the Historical Society and other community groups, the UA Archives digital library initiative supports the goal of preserving Upper Arlington's history as well as the Upper Arlington Historic District's listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

Mission statement

The goal of the UA Archives digital library program is to preserve original documents, photographs, maps, and other media related to the history and culture of Upper Arlington, Ohio, while offering increased visibility and improved access to these valuable primary reference sources.[3]

History

[The _Norwester_ magazine was published monthly in Upper Arlington, Ohio, from November 1917 through March 1922 and chronicled early suburban life.
(read this issue >)]

The Upper Arlington Public Library began preliminary work on their digitization program in November 2002. These initial preparations included researching existing digital library initiatives and standards. Digitization program management was appointed, a formal collection development plan was drafted, and potential users, partnerships, and program goals were identified. Through the UA Archives, the Library would lend their expertise to other community organizations and individuals by digitizing, cataloging, and providing access to historically and culturally significant materials related to Upper Arlington.

The Upper Arlington Historical Society was a natural choice as the first community organization with which the Library would partner. The Society and its members play an active role in the community, which is also a reflection of residents' interest in the history of their city. In addition to their local history archives, the Historical Society maintains preservation guidelines; a historical home inventory; and the Upper Arlington Wall of Honor, a tribute to notable area residents. Due to the volunteer nature of the organization, however, the rich resources of the Historical Society were not always easily accessible to the community. The Library approached the Upper Arlington Historical Society in the spring of 2003 with an offer to digitize and provide online access to their holdings. In November of that year the Library penned a formal agreement with the Historical Society.[4]

[Mary Boyer, the first teacher in Upper Arlington, held class in the basement of King Thompson's home.
(view this photo >) [5]]

The UA Archives website launched on September 15, 2004, after two years of planning and over 1,500 hours of work.[6] At that time it included historical photographs depicting little known facts about early life in the community. One photograph shows the Marble Cliff Depot, a railroad station known originally as the Scioto Depot. This station house served the Upper Arlington area until the late 1920s and was located on the south side of Fifth Avenue just east of the Pennsylvania tracks, near the present day entrance to First Community Village. Another photograph shows the first teacher and students in Upper Arlington at a time when classes were held in the basement of the home of King Thompson, one of Upper Arlington's founders. Yet another captures a scene from Camp Willis, a military training camp located in Upper Arlington during the community's early development in 1916. Ohio Guardsmen were trained at this camp to defend the United States against cross-border attacks from Pancho Villa's Mexican troops.[7]

The debut of the UA Archives website also included approximately 2,000 pages of text and photographs from the _Norwester_ magazine, the original community newspaper, published from November 1917 through March 1922. Among other topics, the _Norwester_ magazine covered local residents, homes, schools, sports, and daily life. The magazine also included first-hand accounts of World War I, received from local residents stationed in Europe, and chronicled life on the home front as community members bought Liberty Bonds and war savings stamps, planted backyard war gardens, and debated the patriotic virtues of continuing to spend their money versus saving.

Collection Development

Upper Arlington Public Library staff select materials for the UA Archives, subject to the policies and mandates of the Library's Board of Trustees. The UA Archives program actively solicits materials relating to the history of Upper Arlington, Ohio, from local government, community organizations, businesses, and individuals. Historical materials in all formats are considered and may consist of photographs, documents, arts and crafts, and audio or video recordings. Selection criteria include historical significance and relevance of the subject or its depiction of daily life, the educational or entertainment value of the subject, and the availability of sufficient and reliable descriptions of the material. All items must either be in the public domain or have written copyright permissions granted before inclusion in the UA Archives.[8]

The UA Archives encourages the digitization of items even if a potential donor wishes to retain the original source materials. In this case, the original items remain in the ownership of the donor, and the Upper Arlington Public Library assumes ownership of the digital representations. When materials are acquired through permanent donation, the Library encourages the transfer of original items to the Upper Arlington Historical Society for permanent storage after the digitization process has been completed.

In addition to the _Norwester_ magazines and historical photographs included when the UA Archives site launched, new materials are continually incorporated. The City of Upper Arlington has provided maps depicting the community's annexation history and historic district, and the Library has added historic 1880s plat maps from its own collection. The Library has also partnered with the Upper Arlington City School District, which granted permission for digitization of the Upper Arlington High School yearbooks from 1923–present. All volumes through 1999 were added to the UA Archives site on October 7, 2009, with one subsequent volume to be added each year.[9] Oral histories from early residents and local war veterans will also eventually be added to the UA Archives site.[10]

Image:Map of Franklin County Ohio 1883.jpg|Map of Franklin County, Ohio (1883).
(view this map >) Image:Upper Arlington Red Cross Unit.jpg|Upper Arlington World War I Red Cross Unit (c. 1918).
(view this photo >) Image:Trolley Line Terminus at Miller Park.jpg|Trolley Line Terminus at Miller Park (c. 1921).
(view this photo >) Image:First Community Church Lincoln Road Chapel.jpg|First Community Church, Lincoln Road Chapel (c. 1917).
(read the full article >) Image:Norwester Magazine 1919-09 Scioto Country Club.jpg|Scioto Country Club (Norwester, September 1919).
(read this issue >)

Technical information

Photographs and most text-based items in the UA Archives collection have been scanned by Upper Arlington Public Library staff and volunteers as 600 dpi TIFF files with 24-bit color using an Epson Expression 1640XL 11" x 17" flatbed scanner. Optical character recognition (OCR) was performed using OmniPage Pro, and low-resolution JPEG files were generated for onscreen display. CONTENTdm is used as the digital collection management software for the UA Archives project, and Adobe Photoshop is used for image manipulation, rotation, and cropping.[11] Starting in 2009, derivative lossless JPEG2000 images, OCR text (using ABBYY FineReader), and PDF files are generated via CONTENTdm.

[1] “Then—and Now”. Upper Arlington Community (Ohio). _Norwester_ (January 1918), pp. 6–7.

[2] Upper Arlington Public Library. (2006). _Strategic Plan 2007–2009_, p. 3. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

[3] UA Archives. (n.d.). _About the UA Archives_. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

[4] Bournea, C. (2004, August 26). Library, Historical Society to launch web site. _ThisWeek UA_, p. 1A.

[5] Upper Arlington Community (Ohio). (1917, December). Education in the Upper Arlington School. _Norwester_, pp. 11-13.

[6] Upper Arlington Public Library. (2004, September). UA Archives site debuts. _Library Link_, p. 1.

[7] Rubenking, B. (2004, September 8). Library on verge of making 'News' research easier. _Upper Arlington News_, p. 5B.

[8] Klein, S. Y. (2004). _UA Archives: Digitization and development of the Upper Arlington Public Library's local history website_. Master's research project, Kent State University, School of Library and Information Science.

[9] Campbell, D. (2008, October 8). Library partners with others to put UAHS yearbooks on line. _Upper Arlington News_, p. 5A.

[10] Hatton, V. (2004, March/April). War and Remembrance. _Upper Arlington Magazine_, pp. 20-21.

[11] UA Archives. (n.d.). _Technical Information_. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

title: UA Archives (Upper Arlington, Ohio)

question: What community are the UA Archives concerned with?

answer: Upper Arlington, Ohio.

question: What is the UA Archives a part of?

answer: The Upper Arlington Public Library's digital library initiative.

question: What is the goal of UA Archives?

answer: To preserve original documents, photographs, maps, and other media related to the history and culture of Upper Arlington, Ohio, while offering increased visibility and improved access to these valuable primary reference sources.

question: When were the UA Archives founded?

answer: November 2002.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about the UA Archives, an initiative of the Upper Arlington Public Library in Ohio to digitize information relating to the history of the region.