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Energy and Environment

When President Donald Trump announced withdrawal from the Paris agreement Thursday, Pruitt was the one joining him at the podium in the Rose Garden.

[EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt speaks Thursday in the Rose Garden after U.S. President Donald Trump announced his decision to pull the United States out of the Paris climate agreement.]

EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt speaks Thursday in the Rose Garden after President Donald Trump announced his decision to pull the United States out of the Paris climate agreement. | Getty

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Scott Pruitt’s victory in vanquishing the Paris climate agreement has given him a status few of his predecessors enjoyed — an EPA chief who is clearly his administration’s public face in driving environmental policy.

Pruitt's move into the spotlight comes after weeks of White House infighting over whether to reject the global climate pact, and shows that the former Oklahoma attorney general's got the president's ear on energy and environmental issues despite being a newcomer to Trump's orbit.

Typically, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency toils away crafting air and water regulations, and defending the administration’s policies in Congress, while more prominent officials lead the charge on the grand policy vision. Those more high-profile roles went to people like John Kerry, who served as a kind of global climate ambassador when he was Barack Obama’s secretary of state, or former Vice Presidents Dick Cheney and Al Gore.

But when President Donald Trump announced the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris agreement Thursday, Pruitt was the one joining him at the podium in the Rose Garden — while Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who’d wanted to stick with the deal, was nowhere to be seen. Pruitt repeated his victory lap at Friday’s White House news briefing, beaming as he jousted with reporters over whether he and Trump accept the reality of climate change.

Pruitt’s prominence is a byproduct of how Trump views the Paris deal, former Obama climate negotiator Jonathan Pershing said Friday — through the lens of the U.S. economy, not as a worldwide fight against a common threat.

“It was a domestic agenda and not an international agenda that was dictating the policy” this week, Pershing said. “That’s consistent with the way [Trump] characterized it as protecting American jobs. It was not characterized in the terms of American security being at risk because of climate change.”

At Friday’s news briefing, Pruitt praised Trump once again for the Paris decision, saying he had the courage to withdraw from a pact that would have benefited other countries as the expense of the U.S. economy.

“We owe no apologies to other nations for our environmental stewardship,” said Pruitt, who had celebrated his win Thursday night with a dinner with staffers at the French-themed D.C. bistro Le Diplomate.

Tillerson, meanwhile, declined to endorse Trump’s move at a separate news appearance Friday, calling it “a policy decision.”

Despite months of behind-the-scenes debate over Paris that pitted Pruitt and Trump adviser Steve Bannon against Tillerson, Ivanka Trump and top economic adviser Gary Cohn, Pruitt sought to downplay his own influence over the president, saying he won on the merits.

In an appearance on Fox News on Thursday evening, Pruitt dismissed the idea there had been an epic struggle as "simply legend."

“What happened in this process is what happens with every decision the president makes,” Pruitt said. “He had advisers around him informing, equipping, helping him make a decision. The debate was good and strong and meaningful amongst all voices and the president made an informed decision.”

But Pruitt has emerged as a power player inside the administration who appears to have the confidence of the president.

"It's all eyes on Pruitt because there's a lot of big issues regarding how the Trump administration addresses climate change," said Nick Loris, an economist at the conservative Heritage Foundation.

Pruitt's prominence is at least partly due to the fact that climate change isn't a top issue in the administration.

"There's just fewer cooks in the kitchen because addressing climate change is clearly not a priority for Trump," Loris said. And given how he fought against the Obama climate agenda while serving as Oklahoma's attorney general, "I'm not surprised he's spreading his wings to the international stage," he added.

Pruitt has already proved himself a successful operator in carrying out Trump’s deregulation agenda.

He has had significant early success is pausing several key Obama-era regulations that were still in court, including a sweeping carbon regulation for power plants, ozone pollution limits, and the Waters of the U.S. rule that defines which wetlands, streams and rivers fall under federal rules. The repeal process for those rules could take years, but Pruitt is well positioned to succeed in the task.

And in the meantime, Pruitt has canceled an EPA information request that would have set the stage for methane pollution limits for oil and gas wells, re-opened emissions standards for future vehicles and taken steps to modify other Obama-era regulations.

With his Paris win, Pruitt is positioning himself as the administration's leading voice on the international issues surrounding climate change.

On Fox News, Pruitt downplayed the potential diplomatic harm of the Paris decision, noting that the U.S. pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol in 2001 but weathered criticisms over that as well.

“If you go back and read, in March and April of 2001, the criticisms that was being led against President Bush, you can read the comments from the German chancellor, they’re almost identical to the ones today.”

However, Bush administration officials at the time found themselves surprised by other nations’ strong reactions.

Then-Secretary of State Colin Powell said in 2002 that the “blowback” from Europe “was a sobering experience that everything the American president does has international repercussions.” And Condoleezza Rice, at the time George W. Bush’s national security adviser, wrote in a 2011 memoir that the Kyoto withdrawal was “a self-inflicted wound that could have been avoided.”

Pruitt may soon find out just how angry his international counterparts are.

He will head to Italy on June 11 and 12 for an environmental ministerial meeting connected to the G-7 summit Trump recently attended. Italy, along with Germany and France, said in a statement Thursday that there is no renegotiating the Paris agreement, despite what Trump promised Thursday.

question: Why did the Trump administration withdraw from the Paris climate agreement?

answer: EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt said that the Paris climate agreement was hurting the U.S economy.

question: What were Secretary of State Rex Tillerson's thoughts on the Paris climate agreement withdrawal?

answer: "Tillerson did not want to withdraw from the deal and declined to endorse Trump's move." - is evidence that Tillerson wanted to stick with the Paris deal.

question: What might have happened if the U.S. chose to stick with the Paris climate agreement?

answer: There could have been lower carbon emissions and less damage to the environment that may lead to milder environmental calamities caused by climate change.

question: What parallels can be drawn with the Trump administration's decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement and the Bush administration's ill-fated pull-out from the Kyoto Protocol in 2001?

answer: Other than the long-term negative environmental effects, the strong reactions from other nations and international repercussions are some of the parallels that can be drawn.


text:
We walked through a vale holding each other's hand. I felt perfectly comfortable remaining silent and marching along as long as I knew she was with me. We had reached past the point of us needing speech to get our emotions across. We continued strolling for a while and then finally sat on a bench which was perched under an arched outgrowth of a stony structure. She put her head on my lap and closed her eyes. My love grew for her every second I watched her beautiful face in deep sleep. I wondered whether she felt the same way, or whether she felt at all. Suddenly, I sensed the earth moving. The whole world around me was shaking. I realised I didn't have much time left. I was about to depart. Slowly, the waterfall, flowers, the lake, butterflies, and the mountains faded away into darkness and then a bright light met my eye. The brightness diminished and I was back in my room. My servant was standing in front of me. "Sir, why are you so hard to wake up these days? If you carry on going late to work, you will eventually be fired. You don't want that do you?" he said. If only he knew.

I was both happy and sad. I felt sad leaving her, but I was happy that it had now worked three times in a row. How lucky was I, that having slept a sad sleep the day before yesterday, I would meet her the second time. This ignited in me the thought of the possibility that I could meet her whenever I wanted to. So I tried to meet her the third time today. I was doubtful and skeptical. I am a middle aged man who has never experienced love. Forget the act of loving, I couldn't even think of the prospect of finding love in my lifetime. I turned off all the lights, locked the door, threw myself on the bed and closed my eyes.
I was failing. I was sweating uncontrollably with nervousness. This was my last chance to find what I never had. Then, I thought of her, with her soft and beautiful face, her enigmatic eyes, her endless locks of hair, her slender yet graceful body, the vulnerability in her glances, her voice that confirmed the presence of angelic minstrels. God himself had sent down this perfect entity for me to spend time with, albeit in a second reality. I had to calm down and sleep. I was no longer panting, and was able to slowly drift away into slumber.

I was in a vast empty ball room. It was beautiful, but right now, I had no concern for the beauty of inanimate objects. I had to find her as quickly as I could, so I could maximise the amount of time I was to spend with her. I looked for her everywhere. Where was she? Was it really possible that I failed, even in bringing a being that lived inside my thoughts, to appear in front of me? I was suddenly struck by the memory of yesterday. I had stood in front of the mirror for an hour. I gazed at my disfigured body, my hunched back, my crooked teeth, my uneven face and my uninteresting eyes. I had decided to break every mirror in my house that day, for they were only a source of pain to me. Now, as I looked around for her in the ballroom, I slowly became demoralised. I could not even find her in a second reality. I wept and I wept, and for sure, I did know I was physically weeping too, for I felt the dampness seep through my body. 'Come here,' said an enchanting voice. 'Did you really think I was going to leave you alone?'

A white figure seemed to be approaching me. her shape became more apparent as she moved towards me. She was dressed in the most elegant of elegant dresses. She came up to me, and without uttering a word, kissed me. All my doubts, inferiorities and insecurities vanished in a matter of seconds. 'You have me right now and you will have me forever,' she said. 'My appearance may change but I will always be Her.' We sat together on the velveted floor. I told her everything I knew and everything I wanted to do. She listened patiently without any patronising judgement. She seemed as if she had been lost in my discourse. She comforted me when I told her my doubts and answered me when I had queries. Seconds, minutes, hours and then days seemed to have passed by. We were still sat on the same spot talking and being lost in wonder of one another. 'I have to go fly,' she said with a hint of sycophancy, 'Try not to think about me.' She faded away gradually, and slowly, the whole room turned dim and finally, my whole vision was obscured. I woke up.

I opened my eyes and looked around. I wasn't in my room. There were people around me, maybe four or five. 'Sir, you have been in a coma for six years. My whole team and I would like to congratulate you on being born again. Also try to sleep less,' a doctor said, letting out a faint chuckle. I wasn't able to speak as I lay there helpless. I didn't care about anyone else other than her. I wanted to go back and never come back. A memory came to my mind about when I met my childhood friend after not seeing him for a while.

> 'What brought you into acting then, James?' I asked.

> 'My wife... the third one, she pushed me towards getting a job as an actor. She had faith in my ability. And so right she was, I had never even dreamed of achieving such fame.' James answered.

> 'Good for you, my friend, if only I were a part of your gene pool.'

> 'My gene pool? You think I've only gotten this far because of my looks?'

> 'You never were intelligent were you? Only if you were, you could have acknowledged the luck that had been bestowed upon you. Nobody falls in love with character at first sight. Set on this earth is a bliss for the rich and beautiful.'

> 'You always were a jealous man. Stop envying other people's abilities and go back to your cave and hang out with your rodents, you incompatible oddity!'

He stormed out of the restaurant leaving me alone with my food and strangers' stares. He was right. I was an oddity.

I had regained consciousness and was out of my coma. I had been awake thinking about this incident while tears ran down my face. It was soon dark outside and I started feeling drowsy. I was about to sleep and it was the most joyous part of the day. I soon fell asleep but there were no dreams this day and I woke up without any recollection of her. 'This wouldn't happen again,' I thought to myself. I slept the next day and again; no luck. The day after that, I entered a dream but she was nowhere to be seen. Did she lie when she said she would be with me forever? I was discharged from the hospital and returned to my room. Surely, this was where it all started so I will get to meet her when I sleep in my own dwelling. I slept. She had abandoned me. The only companion I had, had abandoned me. She was a part of me so I guess I had abandoned myself.

'There is more than one way a person can sleep.' I thought to myself. I started panting. I walked in circles for an hour in my room as my heartbeat became faster and faster. I had no family or acquaintances I could talk to. I started climbing the stairs sluggishly, that led to the highest storey of the high-rise. My pulse increasing with every step I took. I finally arrived at the top of the skyscraper. I stood at its edge, with my heart pounding the loudest and fastest it had ever pounded. I thought of her one last time. 'I will surely meet you, and I would never know even if I don't. My real love has always been the sleep that rescued me by allowing me to dream.'  With these thoughts, I took the step to death. The only feeling I felt after that was the feeling of Nothing.

title: [RO] Stay With Me

question: What does the story say about how the narrator feels about the woman in his dreams?

answer: The narrator feels perfectly comfortable walking alongside her in silence. His love for her grows every second he watches her sleep. He is sad to leave her upon waking. When the woman doesn't appear in his dream, he looks for her everywhere, as he wants to maximize the amount of time he can spend with her. When she kisses him later, all his doubts, inferiorities, and insecurities vanish. At the end of the story, the narrator kills himself in hopes that he can be with her.

question: What does the story say about the theme of loneliness?

answer: The narrator feels sad after leaving the woman upon waking up. He is a middle aged man who has never experienced love and doubts the prospect of ever finding love in his lifetime. When he thinks he can't find her, he feels dampness seep through his body as he weeps. When the narrator wakes from his coma, all he cares about is getting back to the woman. He fears she, his only companion, has abandoned her.

question: Summarize the various locations the narrator visits in his dream.

answer: He walks through a vale with his lover. He then dreams of a vast, empty ballroom.

question: What does the story say about why the woman abandons the narrator?


text:
GHORASAR is a town and former princely state in Gujarat, western India.

History

Ghorasar was a Fourth Class princely state and taluka, comprising fourteen more villages, covering sixteen square miles in Mahi Kantha, ruled by Hindu Dabhi Kshatriya Koli Chieftains of Thakor title.[1][2]

It had a combined population of 6,291 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 23,415 (just over half from land), paying tributes of 3,501 to the Gaikwar Baroda State and 488 to Kaira.[3]

On 10 July 1943, Ghorasar ceased to exist, being among the princely states merging under the 'Attachment Scheme' into the Gaekwar Baroda State, following its fate into independent India's Bombay State and after its split from Gujarat.

Sources and external links

GENERAL

-   Imperial Gazetteer on DSAL - Mahi Kantha

SPECIFIC

Category:Princely states of Gujarat Category:Koli princely states

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Ghorasar

question: Where is Ghorasar located?

answer: Gujarat, western India

question: What is the population of Ghorasar?

answer: It had a combined population of 6,291 in 1901.

question: Describe the government of Ghorasar.

answer: That information can't be found.

question: What happened in 1943?

answer: In 1943, Ghorasar ceased to exist when it merged into the Gaekwar Baroda State.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Ghorasar was a town and formery princely state in Gujarat, western India. It ceased to exist in 1943 when it merged into the Gaekwar Baroda State.


text:
Relatives of Chechen singer Zelim Bakaev who lives in Moscow cannot reveal his whereabouts since August 8. Zelim Bakaev was kidnapped by law enforcers in the centre of Grozny, two singer's friends reported.

According to a female relative of Zelim Bakaev, the singer lives in Moscow, and he arrived in Grozny to attend his sister's wedding party.

"On August 8 [in Grozny], he went out to run his own affairs. Since then, there is no information about him. The police also did not tell us anything," the edition "Kavkaz.Realii" quotes today the female relative of Zelim Bakaev as saying.

In their turn, today, two friends of the singer who prefer to remain anonymous have reported that on August 8, Zelim Bakaev was kidnapped by people in military uniforms in the centre of Grozny, the "Rain" (Dozhd) TV Channel reports today.

Zelim Bakaev, a native of Grozny, is 26 years old. According to the music service "Guvera", in 2015, Zelim Bakaev "became the most popular performer among Chechen listeners," the "Grozny-Inform" reported. "It turned out that during the past 12 months, most of all listeners from Chechnya were searching for the Zelim Bakaev's songs," the "Grozny-Inform" reported on January 13, 2016.

_Full text of the article is available on the Russian page of 24/7 Internet agency ‘Caucasian Knot’._

question: What happened to Chechen singer, Zelim Bakaev?

answer: Zelim was kidnapped by law enforcers while in Grozny to attend his sister's wedding.

question: Where does Zelim live?

answer: Zelim lives in Moscow.

question: How old is the singer?

answer: 26

question: Was Zelim found?

answer: The article doesn't indicate.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Zelim Bakaev, a Chechen singer, was kidnapped by law enforcers while in Grozny to attend his sister's wedding. Zelim is 26 years old and a native of Grozny.


text:
Walking home late one night after last call at the tavern, alone on a lightless road, a flash ignites the sky above. As quick as it comes, I am disappeared from that tired avenue, and my surroundings are no longer the outdoors. I am in a red and orange striped and spotted room that I can only recognize as a holding cell of some sort. The colors are breathing; laughing. Slowly, a green and yellow gaseous cloud begins to build, and soon it's all I can breathe. Though I can breathe it simply enough, I do my best not to, but it keeps growing until it's the only thing I can inhale.

Hours? Days? All I know, when I finally regain consciousness in that red and orange cell, is that I have never felt more tired in my life. Ever. Groggy, shaky, weak and woozy, I try to prop myself onto my hands and knees, as I appear to have passed out on the floor of my cell. I survey the room by slowly crawling around, and find that the door is made of a glass like substance, and it feels different from the other three walls, but I can't actually see the difference. The pattern on the glass matches the pattern on the other three walls. Two days, three? How long have I been here? Has it been longer than a week? It's this moment that I realize just how famished I am. "Hello," I say with a dry voice, my throat parched and scratchy. "Water."

The wall that I believe is the door becomes clear. I can see through it into a gray hall, likely metallic walls, floor and ceiling. There are faint yellow lights spacing the hallway every twenty feet or so, but all I can see is darkness on either end. And footsteps. I hear footsteps. Finally, a shadowy figure appears at the far end of my vision down the left side of the hall from my cell. As it gets closer, my eyes begin to blur more and more, until I know whatever it is, though I am completely blind, it's standing directly in front of me. The sound of compressed air being released hisses out to my right, and I can feel a slight draft from the hallway. Were I to have use of my legs, I might attempt to run, but I can still barely sit up. Hands grab under both of my arms, and I am dragged out of the cell and into the hall.

After being taken into a lift, and what feels like being paraded around in front of whatever species is holding me, they drop me in a heap on the floor. My vision finally begins to return, and the first thing I notice is the size of the room I am in. Cavernous would be a mild attempt at a description, but I am starting to see better still, and I can see that I am before the seat of power. A large throne, sitting atop an island of a dais, and a ruler to occupy the seat. Humanoid in appearance, his flesh is a blueish green. He wields six mighty arms, and five horned ridges appear at the top of his head, rather than any hair.

"I am Xyzornat, ruler of Devil's Reach. You have been aboard my ship for three years today." He stands from his seat, and all around me, robed figures begin chanting a dark tattoo. They close in on me, and I still can't move. When they are within two feet of me, in a complete circle, they throw back their robes, revealing themselves to be of the same race as their leader. With a blade in each of their six hands, they individually and simultaneously sever their own heads. Blood pools around me, soaking into my clothes. Xyzornat, leader of Devil's Reach, leaps fifty feet into the air, and seems to hover above me for a moment, before crashing down. His eight limbs have me completely pinned and surrounded. He opens his mouth and two, foot long fangs pierce into my neck, just below my Adam's Apple. The pain is extreme, and I can feel the teeth push into my chest. I feel them slide, inch by inch behind my ribs, until they stab into my heart. The last thing I will ever hear is his voice as he says, "Your soul is now mine."

title: Xyzornat:  Ruler of Devil's Reach (Part 1/5)

question: Summarize the main conflict of the story.

answer: The narrator is abducted in a flash of light. He is then held captive in a cell for an undefined period of time. When he is finally let out of the sell, it is so that his soul can be devoured by Xyzornat.

question: Summarize the unpleasant sensations the narrator feels over the course of the story.

answer: The narrator feels groggy, shaky, weak, and woozy when they wake up in the cell. They are also very thirsty. He feels extreme pain when Xyzornat's fangs pierce his neck.

question: What does the story sa about Xyzornot's plan?

question: Summarize the casualties over the course of the story.

answer: The robed servants of Xyzornat sever their own heads. Xyzornat then kills the narrator.


text:
[Africa Proconsularis (125 AD)]TIGUALA was an ancient Roman-Berber city in the province of Byzacena. The exact location of the town remains unknown for certain, but it was in Sahel in northern Tunisia.

Bishopic

Tiguala was also the seat of an ancient diocese, which remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church called _Dioecesis Tigualensis_.[1][2] The role of bishop is currently vacant.

Tiguala, in today's Tunisia, is an ancient episcopal seat of the Roman province of Bizacena.

There are three documented bishops of this African diocese. Gaiano took part in the council of Cabarsussi, held in 393 by the Maximianists, a dissident sect of the Donatists, and signed the deeds. Gaiano himself took part in the Carthage conference of 411, which brought together the Catholic and Donatist bishops of Roman Africa; the Catholic Asmunio was also present at the meeting. Mangenzio finally assisted at the synod gathered in Carthage by the Vandal king in 1144, following which he was exiled.

Today Tiguala survives as a titular bishop's seat; the current titular bishop is Mario Enrique Ríos Mont, former auxiliary bishop of Guatemala.

[1] Tiguala at _catholic-hierarchy.org_

[2] Apostolische Nachfolge – Titularsitze

title: Tiguala

question: What was Tiguala?

answer: An ancient Roman-Berber city in the province of Byzacena.

question: Where is Tiguala?

answer: The exact location is unknown, but it is present-day northern Tunisia.

question: Name the three known bishops of Tiguala.

answer: Gaiano, Asmunio, and Mangenzio.

question: Who is the current titular bishop?

answer: Mario Enrique Rios Mont.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The text is about Tiguala, an ancient Roman-Berber city and diocese in the province of Byzacena. Its exact location is unknown, but it is in present-day northern Tunisia.


text:
FIRESTONE COMPLETE AUTO CARE SERVICED HALF A MILLION AUTO AIR CONDITIONERS LAST YEAR.

[Firestone Shield Logo with text, Whatever You Drive Drive A Firestone]

AIR CONDITIONER FREON

Air conditioner freon is responsible for cooling your car - it's a key component of your car's A/C. Freon is a halocarbon that cycles through your A/C. Freon is a refrigerant that cycles through liquid and gas phases, and works to regulate the temperature of your car. It is important that there is not an A/C Freon leak in your car's air conditioner system, in order to maintain cool air temperatures in the vehicle's cabin when the air conditioner is on.

WHAT IS R-12 FREON AND R-134A FREON?

There are different types of A/C Freon. Originally, R-12 Freon was used in car air conditioners. However, it was found that when a car emits R-12 Freon, it depletes the ozone layer. The Environmental Protection Agency outlawed ozone depleting substances in 1994 and, as a result, R-134a Freon is now used instead.

If you own a car that was manufactured before 1994, you can have your A/C retrofitted for R-134a Freon. A/C retrofitting is one of Firestone Complete Auto Care's air conditioner repair service. Call or come into your neighborhood Firestone Complete Auto Care store to find out how we can keep you cool in the car, and the environment safe.

Learn More About Air Conditioning

Car A/C Problems & Repair

If you experience car A/C problems, Firestone offers quality car A/C repair services from experienced, ASE-certified automotive professionals.

Read More

How Does a Car A/C Work?

How does a car A/C work? See the basics of how a car A/C functions. Find out how your vehicle's air conditioner works, from Firestone Complete Auto Care.

Read More

Auto Care Tips & Advice

From the Completely Firestone Blog

question: What is an air conditioner freon?

answer: It is a key component of a car's A/C which is responsible for cooling the car.

question: What is Firestone?

answer: Based off the document, Firestone seems to be an auto care service.

question: What happens when you own a car that was manufactured before 1994?

answer: Firestone will retrofit the A/C for R-134a Freon.

question: How does the document describe car A/C problems and repair?

answer: The document does not contain this information.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this document, Firestone advertises their auto air conditioning services.


text:
To accompany the release of Netflix’s upcoming Nina Simone documentary, _What Happened, Miss Simone?_, a number of musicians have recorded covers of some of the jazz, blues and gospel icon’s most memorable songs. The compilation _Nina Revisited: A Tribute to Nina Simone_, which is due out on July 10th, features songs by Lauryn Hill, Mary J. Blige, Usher, Common, Alice Smith and Simone’s daughter Lisa, among others. The first to come out as a single is Hill’s sultry rendition of Simone’s 1965 bluesy vocal showstopper “Feeling Good,” which _Rolling Stone_ is exclusively streaming below.

Hill originally agreed to record two songs for the record, but she became so swept up in the experience that she ended up recording six. She also went on to serve as a producer on the comp alongside Robert Glasper.

Jayson Jackson, the film’s producer who served as an executive producer on the album and previously as a member of Hill’s management team, found himself connected to Simone through Hill when they met on tour in 1999. “Nina was wheeled into her green room and told everyone to get out,” Jackson tells _Rolling Stone_. “I had no idea who she was and was prepared to bounce her from the room until I saw Lauryn’s mother shedding tears. I asked why she was crying and all she could muster was, _‘That’s Nina Simone, she is one of my heroes.’_

“That began my journey of learning about Nina,” he continues. “Little did I know that some 13 years later I would meet her daughter and help get her amazing life story told. It’s been nothing short of an honor to shepherd these two amazing projects.”

In a statement, Hill offered, “Because I fed on this music, both hers and lovers like her, like my basic food, I believed I always had a right to have a voice. Her example is clearly a form of sustenance to a generation needing to find theirs. What a gift.”

Hill paid tribute to Simone in concert earlier this month at Harlem’s historic Apollo Theater, where the documentary _What Happened, Miss Simone?_ got its premiere. At the show, a 19-piece band accompanied the singer, who sang tunes ranging from “Ne Me Quitte Pas” to “Black is the Color of My True Love’s Hair.” At the end of what _Rolling Stone_described as an “explosive” set, Hill said onstage, “Thank you Nina Simone for existing and being bold enough to speak.”

_What Happened, Miss Simone?_ will premiere on Netflix on June 26th. The film, which Liz Garbus directed, features archival footage and rare recordings and tells the singer’s story mostly in her own words. Blige and eventually Zoe Saldana were both previously slated to portray Simone in a biopic titled _Nina_, which screened at Cannes in 2014, but it has yet to move forward.

_NINA REVISITED: A TRIBUTE TO NINA SIMONE_ TRACK LIST:

1. Lisa Simone – “Nobody’s Fault but Mine (Intro)”
2. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “Feeling Good”
3. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “I’ve Got Life” – Ms. Lauryn Hill
4. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “Ne Me Quitte Pas” – Ms. Lauryn Hill
5. Jazmine Sullivan “Baltimore”
6. Grace – “Love Me or Leave Me”
7. Usher – “My Baby Just Cares For Me”
8. Mary J. Blige – “Don’t Let Me Be Misunderstood”
9. Gregory Porter – “Sinnerman”
10. Common & Lalah Hathaway – “YG&B”
11. Alice Smith – “I Put A Spell On You”
12. Lisa Simone – “I Want A Little Sugar In My Bowl”
13. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “Black Is The Color Of My True Love’s Hair”
14. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “Wild Is The Wind”
15. Ms. Lauryn Hill – “African Mailman”
16. Nina Simone – “I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel To Be Free”

question: What singer is the subject of an upcoming documentary?

answer: Nina Simone

question: On which platform will the documentary release?

answer: Netflix

question: How many songs are listed from the album accompanying the documentary's release?

answer: 16

question: Which singer thanked Nina Simone after their set?

answer: Lauryn Hill

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses the upcoming release of a documentary about Nina Simone and a tribute album of her songs featuring covers by various artists. It also mentions a concert at the Apollo Theater. Some of the singers on the album offer their comments about Nina Simone's influence on their careers.


text:
Stile Antico’s second recording contrasts the simplest of Protestant hymns by Thomas Tallis with the great, impassioned Catholic motets of William Byrd – amongst the finest music ever written for voices. Awarded the prestigious _Diapason d’or_ and _Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik_, it was a New Yorker CD of the Year, CD of the Week in the Sunday Times and the Evening Standard, and was named as “Essential Tallis” on BBC Radio 3.

WE REGRET THAT THIS RECORDING IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE AS A PHYSICAL PURCHASE. IT CAN STILL BE PURCHASED AS A DOWNLOAD FROM POPULAR ONLINE RETAILERS.

RECORDED: May, 2007
LABEL: Harmonia Mundi
FORMAT: Hybrid SACD
CATALOGUE NUMBER: HMU807463

question: In Stile Antico's second recording, what is the contrast that's being talked about?

answer: The contrast between simple Protestant hymns by Thomas Tallis and the great, impassioned Catholic motets of William Bryd.


text:
_BEST OF WANDS HISTORY_ is the third and final greatest hits album by Japanese pop-rock band Wands.[1] It was released on 9 June 2000 under B-Gram Records label. This album consists of selected singles and album pick-ups with vocalists Show Uesugi and Jiro Waku. The album reached #17 in its first week and sold 16,000 copies. The album charted for 4 weeks and sold more than 37,000 copies.[2]

Track listing

[1] Wands Discography(in Japanese) http://beinggiza.com/ci/artist/wands/

[2] Oricon rankings. title=Best of Wands History / WANDS | newspaper = Oricon http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/25861/products/123552/1/

title: Best of Wands History

question: What is Wands?

answer: Wands is a Japanese pop-rock band.

question: Who are the members of Wands?

answer: Wands is composed of Show Uesugi and Jiro Waku.

question: Is Wands a good band?

answer: To a certain degree, yes, their album "Best of Wands History" reached #17 on the charts and sold 17,000 copies on the first week alone.

question: How did the "Best of Wands History" perform in the long term?

answer: The album stayed on the charts for four weeks and sold more than 37,000 copies.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: "Best of Wands History", the greatest hits album by Japanese pop-rock band Wands, composed of Show Uesugi and Jiro Waku, hit #17 on the first week and stayed in the rankings for four while selling over 37,000 copies. It is also the final album of the group.


text:
The media onslaught has moved past the attack in Salisbury by a “weapon of mass destruction” (quoting Theresa May) which could only be Russian, except that was untrue, and was extremely deadly, except that was untrue too. It now focuses on an attack by chemical weapons in Douma which “could only be” by the Russian-backed Assad regime, except there is no evidence of that either, and indeed neutral verified evidence from Douma is non-existent. The combination of the two events is supposed to have the British population revved up by jingoism, and indeed does have Tony Blair and assorted Tories revved up, to attack Syria and potentially to enter conflict with Russia in Syria.

The “Russian” attack in Salisbury is supposed to negate the “not our war” argument, particularly as a British policeman was unwell for a while. Precisely what is meant to negate the “why on earth are we entering armed confrontation with a nuclear power” argument, I do not know.

Saudi Arabia has naturally offered facilities to support the UK, US and France in their attempt to turn the military tide in Syria in favour of the Saudi sponsored jihadists whom Assad had come close to defeating. That the Skripal and Douma incidents were preceded by extremely intense diplomatic activity between Saudi Arabia, Washington, Paris and London this year, with multiple top level visits between capitals, is presumably supposed to be coincidence.

I am not a fan of Assad any more than I was a fan of Saddam Hussein. But the public now understand that wars for regime change in Muslim lands have disastrous effects in dead and maimed adults and children and in destroyed infrastructure; our attacks unleash huge refugee waves and directly cause terrorist attacks here at home. There is no purpose in a military attack on Syria other than to attempt to help the jihadists overthrow Assad. There is a reckless disregard for evidence base on the pretexts for all this. Indeed, the more the evidence is scrutinised, the dodgier it seems. Finally there is a massive difference between mainstream media narrative around these events and a deeply sceptical public, as shown in social media and in comments sections of corporate media websites.

The notion that Britain will take part in military action against Syria with neither investigation of the evidence nor a parliamentary vote is worrying indeed. Without Security Council authorisation, any such action is illegal in any event. It is worth noting that the many commentators who attempt to portray Russia’s veto of a Syria resolution as invalid, fail to note that last week, in two separate 14 against 1 votes, the USA vetoed security council resolutions condemning Israeli killings of unarmed demonstrators in Gaza.

The lesson the neo-cons learnt from the Iraq war is not that it was disastrous. It was only disastrous for the dead and maimed Iraqis, our own dead and maimed servicemen, and those whose country was returned to medievalism. It was a great success for the neo-cons, they made loads of money on armaments and oil. The lesson the neo-cons learned was not to give the public in the West any time to mount and organise opposition. Hence the destruction of Libya was predicated on an entirely false “we have 48 hours to prevent the massacre of the population of Benghazi” narrative. Similarly this latest orchestrated “crisis” is being followed through into military action at a blistering pace, as the four horsemen sweep by, scything down reason and justice on the way.

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question: What kind of weapons were used in Syria?

answer: Weapons of mass destruction.

question: What forces are opposing Assad?

answer: Saudi sponsored jihadists.

question: Which political side does the author blame for military intervention?

answer: Neoconservatives.

question: What does the author advise Britain should not do?

answer: Invade Syria.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The author discusses calls for military intervention in Syria, discussion of Russia and chemical weapons, and the desire to oust Assad. The author cautions against intervention, citing the Iraq war and intervention in Libya as examples of when it went horribly awry.


text:
Dom’s wife says he’s a fat piece of shit. Who cares.

Thick smoke in the Lincoln. Windows up. Three dead Reds in the ashtray. Fourth burning.

It’s late. Rain hits the car off-beat.

88.9 FM. Tango music idles low. Dom doesn’t notice.

Deep woods. Deep woods for a $30 cab to downtown, anyway.

Cush pads: lawyers, doctors, VPs, artsy cocksuckers - bigshots. Fat pads spread out, less than twenty.

1107 SENTINEL DR

Dom’s parked in the neighbor’s driveway.

They’re visiting the daughter at school. She loves them. Precious.

Glovebox: 2 packs Marlboro Red, empty. 1 1999 Lincoln Town Car 4DR Executive Owner’s Manual. 1 lighter, out of butane.1 SIG P226 9mm handgun. Receipts, business cards, parking tickets, trash. 1 9mm Suppressor, brand new.

88.9 FM: ..with you late, bringin to you all the crucia-

Deer bolts in front of the Lincoln. Dom’s sphincter tightens.

1..2..

Stupid baby deer follows mommy.

Exhale.

Silence. Rains harder.

Small headlights approaching.

Radio: OFF. Cigarette: OUT.

Tense, reeeaaal fuckin tense. Cotton-mouth.

It’s been a while. How long? Two years?

Can't even remember the last one's name.

Five grand, upfront. Wife bought a treadmill. Christ.

Sweat beads run down creases on his XL face. Gettin’ old, shouldn’t it be easier now?

Headlights bigger.

Concentrate. Deeeeeeep breath:

I’ll do it, then I’ll go get some food. A fat Reuben. Maybe some eggs and bacon. Maybe-

Headlights bigger.

100 yards.

Lightning.

Headlights stop – 1106 SENTINEL DR

Delayed: BOOOOM

Lexus headlights?

Headlights turn right. Dom catches profile.

Lexus headlights.

Lexus stops in front of garage door. Garage door stays closed.

Headlights: on. Exhaust: smoking. Music: loud. Windows: tinted.

Dom's gaze: fixed.

Waiting.

A woman's laugh - Uh oh.

Who you with, Mr. Gaslow?

title: Intro to a story I might write. Be a critic, TODAY!

question: Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: Dom, Mr. Glasgow

question: Who is Dom?

answer: Dom is an older and out-of-shape hitman who hasn't accepted a contract in two years.

question: What is Dom doing?

answer: He is following his target, getting ready for the kill.

question: What gun is Dom carrying?

answer: A SIG P226 9mm handgun with a silencer

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Dom is an out-of-shape (his wife calls him fat) hitman who is getting old. He accepted a contract after two years and is following his target's car, a Lexus. Dom is ready to shoot his target, Mr. Glasgow, when he hears a woman's laugh coming from the Lexus.


text:
[Dolly Parton and Alyvia Alyn Lind at Dollywood's Media Event held on August 3, 2018, in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee.During this media event, Dolly Parton announced Dollywood's largest expansion in the park's history, which will open in the 2018 season and will be called Wildwood Grove.Wildwood Grove features 11 thrilling experiences for guests, comprised of six unique ride attractions, and the 55-foot Wildwood Tree. The total cost of the project is $37 million, meeting The Dollywood Company's 2013 commitment of $300 million in investments over a 10 year period]

Dolly Parton turned down The King (Picture: AFF/PA Images)
Imagine having to say no to Elvis Presley.

Dolly Party has revealed she had to when The King got a bit big for his boots over a cover of her hit track I Will Always Love You.

The 9 To 5 songstress has revealed her regret at turning him down, but in the long run managed to earn herself millions by saying no, so it wasn’t all bad.

Her decision came about after his people demanded the rights to the song in return for him covering it, which Dolly could not say yes to.

‘His manager Colonel Parker called me up the day before he was due to record the song and said, “Now you know Elvis has to have the publishing rights or at least half the publishing rights of any song he records”‘, she said.

‘I was desperate for Elvis to sing my song and I’d told everyone he was going to sing it, but I couldn’t let that happen. It’s my song, my publishing rights. It broke my heart but I had to turn him down.’

[]

The King got a bit big for his boots (picture: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images)
Still, the song was covered in 1992 by Whitney Houston and went on to earn the 72-year-old £15million in royalties, so the regret should be outweighed by a sense of triumph.

It’s not even a big deal that people now think the song was Whitney’s, as the money still roles in to Dolly.

She told Event magazine: ‘People say it’s Whitney’s song, and that’s all right as long as they send the cheques to me!’

Dolly has been happily married to Carl Dean since 1966 but she admitted she was always ‘too selfish’ to have children because of her focus on her career, and she doesn’t regret her decision.

She admitted: ‘I was too selfish to have children. The biggest thing I wanted was my career. I wanted to be married, I wanted never to be divorced, I wanted to be a big singer and that was all I thought about.

‘Later in life I did think about it, but nothing happened and I accepted it.

‘I’m never going to say it’s something I regret because that would not be true. It was my choice to put everything into having this career. I believed I could have it but it took work – and it still takes work.’

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 MORE : Only Fools And Horses set for comeback as show gets turned into musical

 MORE : Even Stacey Solomon didn’t believe she was a celebrity when she entered I’m A Celebrity

[Music]

question: What will the expansion to Dollywood be called?

answer: Wildwood Grove.

question: What did Dolly Parton deny Elvis Presley?

answer: The rights to the song "I Will Always Love You".

question: Who was Elvis' manager?

answer: Colonel Parker

question: Who is Dolly Parton's husband?

answer: Carl Dean

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Legend Dolly Parton discusses her hit song "I Will Always Love You". Elvis tried to buy it off her, and many people think it was a Whitney Houston original.


text:
Unlike its Japanese-only predecessor, Pok�mon Stadium introduced the concept of mini-games in the game. These games can be played on your own or with other players and can be played one game at a time or in the "Who's The Best?" mode which continues on until someone gets a certain amount of wins.

When playing against the computer, you have four different settings of difficulty; Easy, Normal and Hard with a special difficulty: Hyper. To gain the Hyper difficulty, you need to play a "Who's The Best?" match with three computer players on Hard. Win 5 games in a row with no losses and the Hyper mode is activated.

Magikarp's Splash
This mini-game is a relatively simple one where you control a Magikarp and have to hit the counter at the top. This is done by pressing the A button. To make Magikarp jump high, you need to press and hold the button and you have the ability to quickly jump again by tapping the button when you land.

CONTROLS
A BUTTON: Jump
[]
Clefairy Says
This game is a simple memory game where a number of directions are shown on the blackboard in the back of the room. When the time goes on, you have to press the directions in order on the D-Pad. These actions are then shown on screen and Clefairy which make an error get a mark above their head. The Clefairy with the least marks wins the game.

CONTROLS
D-PAD: Directions
[]
Run, Rattata Run
This game is a race between four Rattata as the run along a treadmill. To run with Rattata, you need to repeatedly press the A Button; the faster you press the button, the faster Rattata moves. Occassionally, a hurdle will appear on the course which you need to jump over utilising any of the buttons on the D-Pad

CONTROLS
A-BUTTON: Run
D-PAD: Jump
[]
Snore War
This game is a game where a pendulum swings in the middle of the screen, increasing in speed with each swing. When the pendulum hits the middle part, you need to press the A Button to use Hypnosis. If you succeed, then the signal for Hypnosis is sent out. If however, you miss, your Drowzee falls asleep for a couple of swings. Once three Drowzee are simultaneously asleep, the game ends.

CONTROLS
A-BUTTON: Hypnosis
[]
Thundering Dynamo
This game has you control Pikachu or Voltorb as they attempt to charge up a generator. A screen sits on the generator which will show the colours Green or Blue. When the colour is Green, you have to press the B Button repeatedly and when it is Blue, you have to hit the A Button repeatedly. The first Pok�mon to fill their charge bar wins the game.

CONTROLS
A BUTTON: Charge
B BUTTON: Charge
[]
Sushi-Go-Round
This game has you control Lickitung in a sushi restaurant. You need to move around and eat the various bits of sushi, each with a different score. The lowest sushi, a bit of wasabi, will cause Lickitung to speed up and run off, with no control over your actions. If you eat the same type of sushi in a row, you will get a multiplier

CONTROLS
CONTROL STICK: Move
A BUTTON: Eat
[]
Ekans' Hoop Hurl
This game has you aim an Ekans in a ring-toss situation to surround a Diglett. To aim, you need to use the D-Pad with a flick of the Control Stick determining how far the Ekans goes based upon the speed and distance of the control stick flick. A small flick will send Ekans to the front while a full one sends it to the back. You have 60 seconds to get the most hits.

CONTROLS
CONTROL STICK: Throw (Flick Down to Up
D-PAD: Aim
[]
Rock Harden
This game has you control a Metapod or Kakuna. In this game, you need to use the move Harden to protect yourself from rocks getting thrown at you to prevent loss of Hit Points. To do this, you have to press the A Button. There is a catch to this game however, as the use of Harden drains the Pok�mon's Hit Points. As such, you need to hit Harden just as the rock is about to hit your Pok�mon. The winner is the Pok�mon that survives.

CONTROLS
A BUTTON: Harden
[]
Dig! Dig! Dig!
This game has you control a Sandshrew to dig into the ground. To dig, you need to alternate pressing L & R repeatedly to make Sandshrew dig. The first Pok�mon to hit the underwater geyser is the winner.

CONTROLS
L BUTTON: Dig
R BUTTON: Dig
[]

question: Which game is the text about?

answer: Pokemon Stadium

question: How do you activate the Hyper difficulty?

answer: You need to play a "Who's The Best?" match with three computer players on Hard and win 5 games in a row with no losses.

question: Describe the mini-game Run, Rattata Run.

answer: The game is a race between four Rattata. To run, you need to repeatedly press the A button. When a hurdle appears, you need to jump over it using any of the buttons on the D-Pad.

question: How do you activate Hypnosis in Snore War.

answer: Press A button.

question: Which Pokemon are used in Rock Harden?

answer: Metapod or Kakuna.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This texts describes several mini-games available in the game Pokemon Stadium.


text:
_THE NEW BACKWARDS_ is an album by Coil released on 18 April 2008. The album is reworked from the _Backwards_ demo, which was originally created for Nothing Records.

Background

_The New Backwards_ was produced by Peter Christopherson and Danny Hyde, and is reworked from the _Backwards_ demo, which was submitted to Torso Records in 1993 and then further recorded at Trent Reznor's Nothing Studios in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the mid-1990s for a planned release on Reznor's Nothing Records imprint on major label Interscope Records. The record was made in Bangkok in 2007.[1]

The album was originally released on 12" vinyl as part of a box set reissue of the album _The Ape of Naples_.[2] It is currently available on 12" vinyl, compact disc, and downloads in FLAC, aac, and mp3 formats.

Track listing

CD, FLAC, aac, mp3

1.  “Careful What You Wish For” - 9:06
2.  “AYOR” - 7:40
3.  “Nature Is a Language” - 8:00
4.  “Fire of the Green Dragon” - 7:54
5.  “Algerian Basses” - 5:02
6.  “Copacaballa” - 6:50
7.  “Paint Me as a Dead Soul” - 6:31
8.  “Backwards” - 5:22
9.  “Princess Margaret's Man in the D'jamalfna” - 8:45

12" vinyl

-   This is the fourth LP in the four record _The Ape of Naples_ box set.

SIDE G

1.  “Careful What You Wish For” - 9:07
2.  “Nature Is a Language” - 8:00
3.  “Algerian Basses” - 5:02

SIDE H

1.  “Copacabbala” - 6:49
2.  “Paint Me as a Dead Soul” - 6:29
3.  “Princess Margaret's Man in the D'Jamalfna” - 8:46

Backwards demo

_Backwards_ was a studio bootleg recording by Coil. The origin of the source of “Backwards” is believed to have been a leak of the studio demo, in the form of a cassette.[3] However, the entire demo was broadcast when Dutch Radio4, a radio station in Amsterdam, had Coil as in-studio guests to coincide with a live performance on 1 June 2001. The program was broadcast on 18 June 2001 and a four-disc CD-R set of the entire broadcast, made by the radio station, was released in an unknown quantity as _Dutch Radio4 Supplement_. Although part of the proposed album was eventually released as _The Ape of Naples_, the material is so augmented that there are very few recognizable samples.

The proposed release on Nothing Records was continuously put off. _The Ape of Naples_ is considered to be the reincarnation of a demo,[4] as it featured completely reworked versions of “Heaven's Blade”, “AYOR” and other songs that are believed to have been originally created around the time of _Backwards_.

“Bee Has Photos” and “Egyptian Basses” are not considered to be officially part of this bootleg as they were released as part of the _Songs of the Week_ download series and not on the supposed original demo.[5] However, the version from _Songs of the Week_ is an alternate version, much shorter in length.

On the live Coil album _Live Three_, a song called “Backwards” is performed. This song is an incarnation of the songs “Simenon” and “Bee Has Photos”.

This bootleg comprises the material for an album with several proposed titles, such as _International Dark Skies_,[6] _God Please Fuck My Mind for Good_, _Fire of the Mind_,[7] _The World Ended a Long Time Ago_[8] and _Backwards_.[9] Other proposed titles are also possibly referenced by this material.

Track listing

1.  “Heaven's Blade” – 7:23
2.  “Wir-Click-Wir” – 6:21
3.  “Elves” – 3:10
4.  “Simenon” – 3:49
5.  “In My Blood” – 3:52
6.  “Spastiche” – 3:09
7.  “Crumb Time” – 4:33
8.  “March of Time” – 6:03

Three extra tracks, “Bee Has the Photos”, “Egyptian Basses” and a different version of “Spastiche”, have been circulated with the demos.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] 1

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

title: The New Backwards

question: What does the text say about the production of The New Backwards album?

answer: The New Backwards was produced by Peter Christopherson and Danny Hyde and is a rework of the Backwards demo. The Backwards demo was recorded in Trent Reznor's Nothing Studios in New Orleans. While the demo was recorded in the mid 1990s, the New Backwards was made in Bangkok in 2007.


text:
OK, what is going on here my dude. Photo by Steve Mitchell-USA TODAY Sports

You are, of course, free to feel however you want to feel about Tim Tebow, and to feel those chosen feelings as intensely as you wish. This is the only culture on earth that could produce a Tim Tebow, and surely the only one that could devise so many ways to care about him for the better part of a decade; it is your right, if you so choose, to help yourself to as much of all this as you want. I believe that the ongoing Tim Tebow Baseball Experiment is both inescapably ridiculous and completely fine.

But I also think that, before any of this goes any further, we should talk about what's going on with Tim Tebow's throwing mechanics. I am aware that we are talking about someone who was just assigned to the Mets' low-A minor league affiliate; I am aware that Tim Tebow's frankly unsettling throwing mechanics have been discussed in the past. But also please look at the image above and the image below. Please do that and you will understand that we must, all of us, talk about what's happening here.

[]

The first thing you notice is that there are entirely too many things to notice. Because Our National Tim Tebow Conversation is so irony-poisoned and proxy-fied, it is easy to forget that the guy really is a very talented athlete. Not quite in the ways that might have made him a successful NFL quarterback, and almost certainly not in ways that are likely to make him a Major League Baseball player, period, but in ways good enough to do things with his body that the mass of humanity would never be able to do. Ask the average person to contort his or her upper and lower bodies into the shapes described by Tebow above and there is about a one-in-three chance that the effort results in some sort of extravagant double oblique strain or other grievous torso injury.

The shapes into which Tim Tebow contorts himself during even routine throws—the top image is just him warming up in the outfield—are implausibly avant-garde in every respect. For reference and comparison, here is a normal throwing motion:

We all float down here. At spring training, I mean. Ha ha! Photo by Jake Roth-USA TODAY Sports

This is not completely fair, because this is not a throw from the outfield, but you will notice how the upper and lower halves of our model's body are not violently attempting to detach themselves from each other. The body is comparatively quiet and steady; nowhere in the thrower's body language is there the sense, as there is in Tebow's, that he has just been shoved by a powerful ghost.

Or check out Josh Reddick, one of the best outfield arms in baseball, letting one fly in a game for the Oakland Athletics last year. This is a bit more similar, situationally speaking, although you will notice that it is also _not remotely similar_ to whatever Tim Tebow is doing.

There it is. Photo by Brad Rempel-USA TODAY Sports

It's not just that this looks different. It's how different it looks. These people just appear to be doing different things. Reddick appears to be trying to throw a baseball a long distance as fast as he can; Tim Tebow looks like he is trying to escape from wasps.

The fact that Tebow's mechanics are by this point the result of decades of high-intensity coaching and earnest work makes their weirdness all the more remarkable, but it also explains them, in a way. Tebow is gifted enough and earnest enough as an athlete to assimilate all that instruction and accurately replicate it. His great misfortune, it seems to me, is that he has somehow retained _every bit of it_—every attempt to work around some previous bad habit or tendency or bit of overcorrection is still right there alongside the original problem, with the tension between the problems and the fixes written both on and with his body. You can see, in Tebow's wincing and mincing, his piledriving lower body and recoiling upper body and flailing drowning man's jazz hand, all the coaching that he has duly taken to heart over his long career of people trying to fix every odd thing about him. You can see how taking all of it to heart has only made him weirder.

Everything about Tim Tebow's tragicomic and inexcusably protracted career as a public figure has been about asking people to see attributes in him that are not immediately apparent in his actual play. He's a martyr or a fraud, a hero or a joke, or anyway he's something other than what he so clearly is. That is because what he so clearly is can so clearly not support the weight of the manic shouting match that's been leveraged upon him.

To look at Tim Tebow as he actually exists is to see not just one of the most splendidly weird athletes in recent memory but something more interesting and even sadder than that. He is the sum of every bit of instruction and coaching he has ever received; he is the man who listened to everyone; he is a lifetime of coaching earnestly and graciously received. He is completely incomprehensible once he gets moving, a total physical cacophony. All the answers he embodies have made of him a question that no one is ever going to answer. He's not a martyr, really, or a hero. Simply in the strangeness he brings even to the simplest things, Tim Tebow the baseball player may well contain more sports than any other athlete ever has.

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question: Who is Tim Tebow?

answer: A successful NFL quarterback.

question: Why is he contentious?

answer: He throws the ball in an odd way.

question: Why is Tebow able to be successful as a football player despite the mechanics of his throwing?

answer: According to the author, he is supremely talented.

question: Why does Tebow do well?

answer: He has listened with great care to every coach he's ever had.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Tim Tebow is an American NFL quarterback who is extremely gifted at the sport, so his odd throwing technique works for him. He is also thought to have listened carefully to every bit of coaching advice throughout his life, contributing to his success.


text:
[]

[]

For all the hand-wringing missives about the internet replacing actual human interaction, it seems that reports of conversation's demise are greatly exaggerated—at least when it comes to brand awareness. "Many marketers today use social media as an early indicator of their marketing performance," said Ed Keller, president of Engagement Labs, which conducted the survey. "However, looking only at online social data is like driving 60 mph at night with only a flashlight. In doing that, you're probably going to make a lot of mistakes. The fact is, a major part of the sales impact from word of mouth comes from offline conversation."

[]

        Carlos Monteiro

[]

_This story first appeared in the August 8, 2016 issue of Adweek magazine._

_Click here to subscribe._

question: Who is Ed Keller?

answer: He is the president of Engagement Labs.

question: When did this story first appear?

answer: August 8, 2016

question: What does Ed Keller say marketers use social media for?

answer: He says they use social media as an early indicator of their marketing performance.

question: Where does Keller believe a large part of sales impact comes from?

answer: He believes a large part of sales impact comes from word of mouth or offline conversation.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article states the opinions of Ed Keller, president of Engagement Labs, on what impacts sales, social media or offline conversation.


text:
THE DISHRAGS (also known as DEE DEE AND THE DISHRAGS were a Canadian all-female punk rock band based in Vancouver, British Columbia in the late 1970s. Now considered the first punk group of note to emerge from the Vancouver music scene, the Dishrags were influenced by the work of the Ramones, and were forerunners in establishing the city's punk movement.[1] After appearing on the compilation album _Vancouver Complication_ in 1979, the band recorded two EPs and had more tracks released following disbandment.

History

Originally known as Dee Dee and the Dishrags, the band was formed in 1976 in Victoria, British Columbia, a city 60 miles from Vancouver, and included the trio of high school students Jade Blade (lead guitar, vocals), Carmen “Scout” Michuad (drums), and Dale Powers (bass guitar). Moving to Vancouver, with its burgeoning punk rock scene, the Dishrags opened for the city's first punk concert, sharing the bill with the Furies at the Japanese Hall on July 30, 1977.[2][3] The band performed sporadically thereafter while also attending high school in Victoria, and inspired the formation of three other punk female groups, the Visitors, Devices, and Zellots.[4]

In 1978, the Dishrags returned to Vancouver where they gave many performances, including a concert at the Commodore Ballroom with the Clash in January 1979.[5] By contributing the song “I Don't Love You”, the band made its recording debut on the influential compilation album, _Vancouver Complication_, in 1979.[6] Music critic Stewart Mason wrote of the song's merits: “If they had never made another recording, the Dishrags would remain beloved in punk-fanboy circles for the track 'I Don't Love You'. 103 seconds long and built on an insistent, scratchy guitar riff and a positively crazed drum part played primarily on the ride cymbal, 'I Don't Love You' is as clangorous and primitive as U.K. second-wavers like the Slits or the Desperate Bicycles”.[7]

The Dishrags released their EP _Past Is Past_, containing three tracks, in 1980 on Modern Records. Prior to traveling to London to record their follow-up EP, Powers departed the group, and was replaced by bassist Kim Henriksen and guitarist Susan MacGillivray, both from Devices. Produced by musician Chris Spedding and titled _Death in the Family_, the EP was released in June 1980 and followed a more pop-based structure. The Dishrags disbanded soon after, but the original trio reunited as the Raisenettes, a Motown-inspired group.[8][9]

On January 28, 2006, Other People's Music distributed the compilation album _Love/Hate_, featuring all of the Dishrags' released material, as well as demo recordings, live tracks, and the previously-unreleased song, “Bullshit” (which also appears on the reissued version of _Vancouver Complication_). The Dishrags reformed once in 2006 to tour, and two years later Jem Records released the singles collection, _There's No Dee Dee_.[10]

The band was featured in the 2010 documentary film _Bloodied but Unbowed_, directed by Susanne Tabata.[11][12]

Discography

EPs

-   _Past Is Past_ - Modern Records (MR1), 1979
-   _Death in the Family_ - [self-published], 1980

Compilation albums

-   _Love/Hate_ - Other People's Music (OPM-2112), 1996
-   _There's No Dee Dee_ - Jem Records (none), 2006
-   _Past Is Past_ - Base Records (BASE-019), 2008
-   _Three_ - Supreme Records (SE-07), 2015

[1] “Punk days captured on film”. _Burnaby Now_, April 4, 2012.

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[7]

[8]

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[11] “Bloodied but Unbowed traces Vancouver's punk history”. _Georgia Strait_, by Mike Usinger on May 5th, 2010

[12] “Vancouver Complication” _Canuckistan Music_, Michael Panontin

title: The Dishrags

question: When was The Dishrags formed?

answer: The Dishrags were formed in 1976 in Victoria, British Columbia.

question: What band did The Dishrags open for on July 30, 1977?

answer: The Dishrags opened for the Furies at the Japanese Hall on July 30, 1977.

question: What record label published The Dishrags first EP, and what was the EP called?

answer: The Dishrags released their EP "Past is Past" in 1980 on Modern Records.

question: What did the compilation album "Love/Hate" feature?

answer: "Love/Hate" features all of the Dishrags' released material, demo recordings, live tracks, and an unreleased song titled "Bullshit."

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the career of The Dishrags, a Canadian all-female punk rock band based in Vancouver, British Columbia in the 1970s. They were at the forefront of establishing Vancouver's punk scene.


text:
The ST. ANN CATHEDRAL[1] () Also FEIRA DE SANTANA CATHEDRAL[2] Is the name that receives a religious building that belongs to the Catholic Church and is in the city of Feira de Santana in the municipality and metropolitan region of the same name, part of the state of Bahia in the South American country of Brazil.[3]

The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and functions as the cathedral and archbishop's seat of the archdiocese of Feira de Santana (_Archidioecesis Fori S. Annae_) which was created in 1962 through the bull “Novae Ecclesiae” by Pope John XXIII. It is also the seat of the homonymous parish, which is located specifically in the Góes Calmon street, Centro district, in the Monsenhor Renato de Andrade Galvão Square.

It is under the pastoral responsibility of Archbishop Zanoni Demettino Castro.

Protected status

The St. Ann Cathedral was listed as a historic structure by the State of Bahia in 1991 as historic site (_tombo processo_) no. 015/91.[4]

[1] Metropolitan Cathedral of St. Ann

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: St. Ann Cathedral, Feira de Santana

question: In what time period was the St. Ann Cathedral built?

answer: It is not clear from the text, although the cathedral was listed as a historic structure by the State of Bahia. This means that it is old and that it has historical significance.

question: Summarize all the information relating to the functioning of the cathedral?

answer: The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite. It functions as the cathedral and archbishop's seat of the archdiocese of Feira de Santana. It is also the seat of the local parish.

question: What is meant by homonymous?

answer: It can be the parish of the same name and/or the parish attached to the cathedral.

question: Where is the cathedral located?

answer: It is located in the Feira de Santana city, municipality and metropolitan region, part of the state of Bahia in the South American country of Brazil.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: St. Ann Cathedral in Bahia, Brazil is a historic structure that follows the Roman or Latin rite. It is the seat of the archdiocese of Feira de Santana and the parish of the same name.


text:
WILLIAM YOUMANS is an American Broadway, film and television actor and singer, best known for originating the roles of John Jacob Astor in _Titanic: the Musical_, and Doctor Dillamond in _Wicked_.

Life and career

Youmans was born into a performing family; his great-uncle was Broadway composer Vincent Youmans. William made his Broadway debut in 1981, playing Leo Hubbard in _The Little Foxes_. He performed numerous roles in the original production of _Big River_ and sang the role of Alcindoro in the Baz Luhrmann-directed revival of _La Bohème_. He also portrayed Sir Richard Bingham in _The Pirate Queen_ and performed in the play _The Farnsworth Invention_.

In 1997 he originated the role of John Jacob Astor in _Titanic,_ and 2003, originated the role of Doctor Dillamond in _Wicked_. After a San Francisco tryout, in which the role was played by John Horton, the original Broadway production opened October 30, 2003, starring Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel. Youmans left the role of July 24, 2005, and later reprised the role in the Chicago production for a limited engagement from December 12, 2006 through January 14, 2007. He can be heard on the show's original Broadway cast recording.

Off-Broadway

In 1986 he was in the Off Broadway play THE WIDOW CLAIRE by Horton Foote He played a few different roles in the musical _Coraline_.

Film and television

Youmans appeared in the films _Mrs. Soffel_, _Compromising Positions_, _Nadine_, _Fresh Horses_ and the independent film _Last Supper_.

Youmans' first television appearance was a made-for-television movie of a Mark Twain story, _The Private History of a Campaign That Failed_. He has since appeared on episodes of _The Equalizer_, _Spenser: For Hire_, _NYPD Blue_, _Law & Order_ and _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_.

Filmography

  Year   Title                                 Role                  Notes
  ------ ------------------------------------- --------------------- -------
  1984   _Mrs. Soffel_                         Guard George Koslow
  1985   _Compromising Positions_              Motel clerk
  1987   _Nadine_                              Boyd
  1988   _Fresh Horses_                        Gary
  1992   _Last Supper_                         The writer's son
  2011   _Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close_   Bartender
  2014   _Birdman_                             Bartender (Tommy)
  2014   _A Midsummer Night's Dream_           Robin Starveling

title: William Youmans

question: What influenced William Youmans to take up performing as a career?

answer: His choice of career is most likely influenced by his family which has lots of people who were performers.

question: Why did it take Youmans so long to appear on television shows?


text:
Japanese health officials are attempting to deal with a growing problem—a million young adults, mostly men, have locked themselves in their bedrooms and are refusing to come out. This condition, called “hikikomori” by Japanese health professionals, is deeply troubling Japanese leaders.

Those suffering from hikikomori tend to sleep during the day, and at night they surf the Internet.

“Our play has changed, it’s all on screens and not real-life situations any more. There are cultural reasons also, a strong sense of embarrassment and an emotional dependence on the mother,” Dr. Takahiro Kato, a researcher studying the phenomenon, said.

“Once you experience it, you lose reality. I knew it was abnormal, but I didn’t want to change,” Yuto Onishi, 18, said. He went through a stage of hikikomori during the years he should have been in high school.

According to some researchers, hikikomori is triggered by the high expectations of Japanese parents and society.

Onishi, for instance, failed as a class leader in junior high school and withdrew from society to avoid his shame and the judgement of others.

“There are cultural reasons [for hikikomori], too,” Dr. Kato explained. “A strong sense of embarrassment and an emotional dependence on the mother.”

Kato’s research focuses on the aspects of hikikomori that cannot be attributed to mental illness.

He has found that the only way to end hikikomori is to have patients confront the trauma which makes them want to withdraw from the world.

Japanese culture is currently facing a massive shift away from traditional preconceptions about sexual relationships and society.

In 2013, 33 percent of Japanese adults surveyed said that they believe marriage is pointless.

A phenomenon the Japanese call “sekkusu shinai skokugun”—celibacy syndrome—is sweeping the nation. Nearly half of respondents to a 2015 survey in the country told researchers that they haven’t had sex in the last month and are actually disinterested in it.

This is a five percent increase from a survey from 2014.

That survey also reported that nearly a quarter of Japanese youth have no interest whatsoever in a romantic relationship.

Some sex experts in the country are going so far as to call this trend a “flight from human intimacy.”

All of this compounds into what some call a “demographic time bomb.” Japan’s population is steadily shrinking, with the birth rate in 2014 being nearly 300,000 births less than the death rate.

If Japanese population decline continues as it is now, there could be disastrous effects for the Japanese economy.

question: What is "hikikiomori"?

answer: It is a growing problem in Japan wherein a million young adults, usually men, lock themselves in their bedrooms, refusing to come out. They sleep most of the day, and surf the internet at night.

question: What causes this problem?

answer: Hikikiomori is caused by a number of things, one part is the high level of stress that comes with the high societal and parental expectations in Japan. Another reason is embarassment, and strong feelings of emotional dependance on mothers.

question: Where is it commonly thought that hikikiomori ends in these people?

answer: Dr. Takahiro Kato, a researcher studying the issue, believes that the only end is to have patients confront the trauma that puts them in this state of mind head on. Often these problems are born of the traditional preconceptions of success and sexual relationships in Japan, which is largely being moved away from in Japanese culture today.

question: What is the result of this cultural shift?

answer: Many Japanese adults will now say they believe marriage is pointless, and that they have no desire to pursue sexual or romantic relationships at all. This is classified as a celibacy syndrome, called "sekkusu shinai skokugun". The numbers of people experiencing these feelings is increasing.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Japan is seeing a nationwide mental health crisis wherein young adults, usually males, are locking themselves in their rooms and refusing to come out. The name of this phenomenon is hikikiomori, and it usually occurs as a flight response to the pressure of expectations of Japanese parents and society. A large cultural shift is pushing people away from traditional thinking about success and relationships in Japan, and a celibacy syndrome called "sekkusu shinai skokugun" has been born of this shift. Many adults will admit they believe marriage is pointless, and that they have no interest in pursuing sexual or romantic relationships at all. Some sex experts in Japan are calling this trend a "flight from human intimacy".


text:
HORWEEN LEATHER COMPANY is an American company specializing in the manufacturing and refining of leather and related products. It is one of the oldest continuously running tanneries in the United States of America. Since its founding in the early 20th century it has been located in Chicago.[1][2][3][4][5]

Isadore Horween founded the company in 1905, and worked in it until 1949. His two sons, Arnold Horween (Chairman and President; 1949–84) and Ralph Horween, became executives of the company and worked in it after their careers as All American football players for the Harvard Crimson, and playing in the National Football League.

Arnold's son Arnold Horween Jr. worked with it from 1953–2003, and his son Arnold “Skip” Horween III has worked with it since 1972. The fifth generation of Horweens, Nicholas (Nick) Arnold Horween, has worked at the company since 2009.

Horween Leather Company offers an array of tannages using primarily cowhide and horsehide, and also using smaller quantities of calf and bison hides. Its leather is used in a number of products including sports equipment, sports and casual footwear, bags, wallets, briefcases, belts, coats, jackets, and other apparel and accessories.[6] It is known for its production of Shell Cordovan (the _Chicago Tribune_ called it the “Cordovan capital of the world”), professional football leather, and Chromexcel, among other leathers.[7][8] It is the exclusive supplier of leather for National Football League footballs, and also supplies the leather that is used for National Basketball Association basketballs.

Horween Leather Company is located in a five-story block-long factory at 2015 North Elston Avenue, at Ashland Avenue near the Chicago River).

History

1905–48

thumb|upright=1.4|Rose Horween, Ralph Horween, Arnold Horween, and Isidore Horween Isadore Horween (whose surname was originally Horwitz or Horowitz),[9][10][11][12] who had learned the leather business in his native Ukraine, lived just outside Kiev, immigrated to the United States in 1893. He obtained his first job at a tannery in the U.S. through a contact he made at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago.[13] For 12 years he worked in one of the then-two-dozen tanneries in Chicago.[14][15]

He founded I. Horween and Co. in 1905, and established it on Division Street in Chicago.[16][17][18][19] At the time, Chicago was a major center of the meatpacking industry and a major rail hub.[20][21] The tanneries were built close to the source of raw materials. In 1911, Isadore Horween developed and produced Aniline Chromexcel, one of the company's most traditional tannages.[22]

The company's original focus was the production of razor strops, to sharpen razors used in shaving.[23] With the advent of the safety razor in 1912, however, the need for razor strops waned, and the company shifted its focus to other products.[24]

In 1920, the company moved to its current location in a five-story block-long factory at 2015 North Elston Avenue (at Ashland Avenue), on the Chicago River, in Chicago's Bucktown, on the north side of the city.[25][26] Isadore Horween had obtained the site, which remains the company's current location, by purchasing it from Herman Loescher and Sons tannery.[27] The company's name was eventually changed to Horween Leather Company.[28][29]

[Ralph Horween; he was the company's secretary and treasurer, in between his stints playing football at Harvard and in the NFL alongside his brother Arnold Horween] In 1921, the company's secretary and treasurer was Isadore's son Ralph Horween, during Ralph's career as a football player for the Harvard Crimson and before his career as a player and coach in the National Football League. In 1945, he was still secretary of the company.[30][31]

In 1927, Horween Leather Company sold the tannery on Division Street, and consolidated its operations at North Elston Avenue.[32] In 1930, it developed mechanical leather, a very durable heavyweight leather for use in oil seals, gaskets, and engine seals.[33] In 1936, the company had 336 workers.[34]

In 1938, Horween Leather Company became the official leather supplier for U.S. Marine Corps water-resistant footwear during World War II. It supplied Chromoexcel, which was used exclusively in the North African Campaign.[35][36] In 1941, it added a large addition to the tannery.[37]

1949–84

Isadore's son Arnold Horween eventually took over the company business, after his career as a football player at Harvard alongside his brother Ralph, and then again with his brother as player-coaches in the National Football League, and finally as Harvard's head football coach. He ran the company as Chairman and President, from 1949–84.[38][39][40]

In 1960, the company developed and offered football leather as it is made and sold today.[41] In 1978 there were 250 tanneries in the U.S., but by 2005 the number had dropped to approximately 20.[42]

1985–present

In 1985, Arnold, Jr., Isadore's grandson, succeeded his father as Horween Leather Company's chief executive.[43] In 1990, the company developed and offered waterproof lines of leathers.[44]

Arnold, Jr.'s son Arnold “Skip” Horween III, Isadore's great-grandson, joined as treasurer that year, and became vice president in 1995.[45] In 2001, Skip Horween took over running the company, and in 2002 he became President.[46][47] The company is now run by the fourth generation, with the fifth generation also in house.[48]

In 2003, the company began supplying leather for the Arena Football League.[49] In 2005, the company had sales of over $35 million.[50] In 2006, it became the only tannery in Chicago; at one time, the city had as many as 40.[51]

As of 2012, Horween Leather Company had 160 employees, and annual revenues of approximately $25 million.[52] In a typical week, it processes 4,000 cowhides and 1,000 horsehides into of leather.[53] As of 2013, Horween Leather Company was one of fewer than a dozen tanneries in the U.S., down from over 250 in 1978.[54][55]

The Horween family

The following reflects each generation of the Horween family that worked in the company:

-   Isadore Horween, 1905–49
-   Arnold Horween, 1922–84 (Chairman & President 1949–84)[56]
-   Arnold Horween, Jr., 1953–2003[57]
-   Arnold (Skip) Horween III, 1972–present[58]
-   Nicholas (Nick) Arnold Horween, 2009–present[59]

The tanning process

About 85% of the leather at Horween Leather Company is made from cowhide.[60] The company's workers take raw hides, which arrive salted to prevent deterioration, trim them, and remove their hair with chemicals in an extremely large washing drum. The leather is then treated with salt and pickled for 24 hours, so that it reaches a desired pH level. It is then bated, tanned, and finished.[61][62]

Products

Horween Leather Company produces many different full grain and corrected grain leathers. Its leather is used in a number of products including footwear, sports equipment, bags, belts, wallets, briefcases, suitcases, jackets, coats, and other apparel and accessories.[63][64][65] As of 2003, 60% of the company's leather was used to make clothes, shoes, and accessories, and 40% for sporting goods such as footballs, basketballs, and baseball gloves.[66]

Horween Leather Company supplies leather shells for footwear to the Timberland Company, Alden Shoe Company (their largest cordovan customer; it became a customer in 1930, buying shell cordovan and other leathers), Cole Haan, Allen Edmonds, Nomad Goods, Brooks Brothers, Hanover Shoe, Chippewa Boots and Johnston & Murphy.[67][68][69][70] Accessories and leather goods customers include J.Crew and Shinola Detroit.

Sporting goods

[Typical modern American football, as used in the National Football League] [A Spalding basketball]

Horween Leather Company has provided Rawlings with leather since 1929.[71] In 2003, Horween was providing leather for 3,000 Rawlings baseball gloves annually, and half of professional baseball players were using baseball gloves made from Horween leather.[72]

Wilson Sporting Goods is Horween Leather Company's largest customer, using the company's leather in manufacturing footballs and basketballs.[73] Horween Leather Company has supplied Wilson with pebbled cowhide since 1941.[74]

Since 1941, Horween Leather Company has been the exclusive supplier of leather for National Football League footballs.[75][76][77] The arrangement was established initially by Arnold Horween, who had played and coached in the NFL.[78] The company uses its own “Tanned in Tack” process.[79][80] Although footballs are often called “pigskins,” they are made from Horween Leather Company-supplied steer hides that are embossed with a pebble pattern.[81][82][83][84] The company also supplies the leather for the game balls made for the Canadian Football League,[85] and they also supply leather to Spalding (a division of Russell Corporation) for indoor Arena Football League footballs.[86] Horween Leather Company's leather is also used to make National Basketball Association basketballs, made by Spalding.[87]

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title: Horween Leather Company

question: What did Isadore Horween found and employ his sons in?

answer: He founded the Horween Leather Company in Chicago, an American leather manufacturer and refiner. After his sons Arnold and Ralph finished their careers as All American Football players at Harvard and in the NFL, he hired them to work as executives at the company. It is one of the oldest continuously running tanneries in America.

question: How many generations of Horweens have worked for the leather company?

answer: Isadore's grandson Arnold Horween Jr. worked there from 1953-2003, and his son after that since 1972. Currently, Nick Horween, the fifth generation of Horweens, began working with the company in 2003.

question: What was the benefit of founding the company in Chicago?

answer: Chicago at the time (1905) had a major meatpacking industry. He was able to use the nearby available cowhide, the raw material for leather, as the source of his operation.

question: How did the company develop?

answer: Originally, the company was focused on developing leather straps for razors, but with the development of the safety razor, Horween leather shifted it's focus. Though the original building was on Division street, they moved the headquarters of their operation to a five-story-block-long factory on Elston avenue. Then in 1927 they sold their Division location and permanently migrated to the Easton location, where they operate today.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Isadore Horween founded the Horween Leather Company in Chicago in 1905 nearby the meatpacking district in Chicago, the source of the cowhide he would use to produce his leather. He hired his two sons, both former professional football players, to work for him after their careers ended. Isadore began his operation on Division street, near the meatpacking district, but expanded to a block long, five story building on Easton avenue, which is where the company is still headquartered today. Since its founding in 1905, five generations of Horweens have worked for the leather company, the most recent, Nick Horween, beginning his career there in 2003.


text:
EVA Ann FROMMER, (6 September 1927 – 8 August 2004) was a German-born British consultant child psychiatrist, working at St Thomas' Hospital in South London. Her specialism was to apply the arts and eurythmy to the treatment of pre-school child patients, inspired by the work of the Austrian anthroposophist, Rudolf Steiner. Early in her career she attracted criticism through association with her senior colleague, the controversial psychiatrist William Sargant, whom she followed for a time in the application of sleep therapy and antidepressant prescription to children.

As a child, she became part of the Jewish exodus fleeing from persecution in Nazi Germany. Frommer was a great promoter of the arts for children and was modestly a philanthropist.

Biography

Frommer was born in Berlin into a highly cultured German-Polish-Jewish family, the elder of two children. Her father, Leopold (1894–1943), was a research scientist and friend of the crystallographer and philosopher, Rudolf Steiner.[1] He is the author of a standard textbook on chemical engineering still in use.[2] Her mother, Jadwiga, was a professional violinist and came from the Polish Diamant family. It is possible that Frommer's date of birth was altered to make her two or three years younger, to facilitate the family's move to England in 1934, since she maintained she had sat on Steiner's knee as a baby and Steiner died in 1925. Once settled in London, she and her brother attended the Steiner-inspired New School in Streatham, South London, which later moved to Sussex and became known as Michael Hall. Both children had inherited their mother's musical talent, but Eva chose to study medicine, while her brother, Michael, dedicated himself to music.

Career

After graduating from the Royal Free Hospital in 1952, she obtained a diploma in Child Health (DCH) with a view to becoming a paediatrician. However, she pursued a different specialism at the celebrated Maudsley Hospital gaining her DPM in 1962. After a spell working in Sutton in Surrey, she was appointed consultant child psychiatrist at St Thomas' Hospital in London where, for a time, she collaborated with the controversial psychiatrist, William Sargant, applying some of his treatments in modified form to child patients. She also contributed to one of his publications.[3] This gained her a level of notoriety that she never quite lived down. She became a Foundation Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in 1972 and a Fellow in 1982.[4]

At St Thomas' along with running the out-patient clinic for children, she conducted research and gathered around her a multidisciplinary group of practitioners. Frommer was one of the earliest in the field to identify childhood depression.[5] Part of it she believed was due to parental experiences of separation from their own parents.[6] When she was practising, many World War II evacuees had become parents and their children were displaying the disturbances Frommer had discovered.[7] In some cases, she prescribed newly developed antidepressant medications in very small doses. This was a controversial approach that attracted both international interest and local criticism from some colleagues.[8][9] Another innovation was to establish formal links with the burgeoning Art Therapy movement. Frommer offered internships in her department to art therapy students from the original St Alban's School of Art course, followed by students from other London courses.[10]

As part of her repertoire of treatments, she developed the hospital's children's out-post in Black Prince Road, about half a mile from the main hospital, as a treatment centre, headed by a senior nurse, Mrs Mary Reid.[11]

The Children's Day Hospital

Frommer's view was that children needed to acquire the skills of understanding and self-expression according to an age-appropriate adjustment to the outside world, to stand a chance of avoiding depression or falling into antisocial behaviours. Her treatment model consisted of exposing her pre-school patients to colour, sound, eurythmy, story-telling and plays.[12] The treatment was predicated on Rudolf Steiner's educational system.[13] There was an emphasis on staff training and special retreat days with invited guest facilitators, such as the Royal Shakespeare Company's voice-coach, Cicely Berry, who was a friend of Frommer's. The institution attracted wide interest including from abroad. For instance, Professor Kemal Çakmakli, MD has applied Day Hospital techniques in Turkey.[14]

Later years

Frommer was an avid theatre-goer and lover and supporter of opera. She was a well-known figure at both of London's opera houses and was for many years a Friend of the Royal Opera House. She was active in the charity sector, making links with City Livery companies to benefit her patients. She became Chairman of the Cicely Northcote Trust for a number of years.[15]

Frommer travelled widely and gave numerous papers at international conferences. She also travelled for pleasure. It was after the strain of a trip to China in the mid-1980s, that she returned to England, to face a diagnosis of non-kinetic Parkinson's disease and an auto-immune condition. In spite of these afflictions, she carried on with her clinics and Steiner Study groups until 1989, when she retired to Sussex, where her mother had had a home. The Children's Day Hospital was closed in 1990.[16] Eva Frommer died, aged 77, at Michael Hall, a Steiner community and school in Forest Row, England.[17]

Legacy

Eva Frommer was one of the earliest practitioners to establish an out-patient therapeutic milieu for very young children and their parents, especially, but not only, those from deprived backgrounds. She not only afforded them exposure to the arts, but she invited students and members of the art establishment to contribute to that milieu. The arts in health settings have become commonplace. A successful businessman in antiquities has paid express tribute to her.[18]

Outside the clinical field, Frommer intended that Steiner's writings become better known in English-speaking countries, and for that purpose she left a sum of money to Steiner Books to enable them to translate and publish all of his works, a task she had started but was prevented from completing in her lifetime.[19]

Publications

Her publications include:

-   _Voyage through Childhood into the Adult World – A Guide to Child Development_, London: Pergamon. 1969.
-   _Diagnosis and Treatment in Clinical Child Psychiatry_, London: Heinemann Educational Books. 1972.
-   Frommer, Eva, and O'Shea, Gillian. 'The Importance of Childhood Experience in relation to Problems of Marriage and Family-Building', _The British Journal of Psychiatry_, Aug 1973, 123 (573) 157–160; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.123.2.157

[1] 1 Obituary of Dr. Leopold Frommer in Grace's Guide. Retrieved 23 December 2016

[2] Frommer, Leopold. _Handbuch der Spritzgußtechnik der Metallegierungen einschließlich des Warmpreßgußverfahrens : Grundlagen des Spritzgußvorganges, Konstruktionsprinzipien d. Spritzgußmaschinen u. Formen nebst Ausführungsbeispielen, Werkstoffkunde, Werkstoffpraxis_ Publisher: Berlin : Springer, 1933

[3] Sargant, W and Slater, E 1972 (5th edition) _An introduction to physical methods of treatment in psychiatry_. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone

[4] Subotsky, Fiona. (2005) 'Eva Frommer, Former Consultant in Child Psychiatry at St Thomas' Hospital, London.' Obituary: Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2. Retrieved 20 December 2016

[5] Bomba, Jacek. 'Depression as seen from a psychotherapy Perspective', _Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy_, 2010 ; 1 : 25–30. 3 p. 26. Retrieved 28 December 2016.

[6] The Cincinnati Enquirer, Ohio: 'Girls separated From Parents Often become Disturbed Mothers. Thursday, 17 January 1974.

[7] Edelman, Hope. (2012) _Motherless Mothers: Mother Loss shapes the Parents we become_. UK: Hachette. . p.103

[8] Graham, Philip. (1967) Correspondence about _Childhood Depression_ and Dr. E. Frommer's clinical trial of antidepressants: British medical Journal4

[9] Frommer, E.A., Mendelson, W.B. and Reid, M.A. 'Differential diagnosis of psychiatric disturbances in pre-school children'. _Br. J. Psychiatry_. 1972; 121: 71–74.

[10] Lillitos, A. (1990) quoted in Case, C. and Dalley, T. _The Handbook of Art Therapy_. London: Routledge, Revised Edition, 2014. . pp. 65–66.

[11] Frommer, E.A. (1967) 'A Day Hospital for Disturbed Children Under Five', _The Lancet_, vol. 289, no. 7486, pp. 377–379.

[12] Nash-Wortham, M. and Hunt, J. (2008) _Take Time: Movement Exercises for Parents, Teachers and Therapists of Children with Difficulties in Speaking, Reading, Writing and Spelling_. UK: Robinswood Press.

[13] Steiner, R. _The Education of the Child_, (1907)

[14] Çakmakli, Kemal. Influence of Dr. Frommer and the Day Hospital In_' Turkish_', 5. Retrieved 21 December 2016.

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18] Chris Martin, MD of a numismatic company

[19] Rudolf Steiner Press.com 6. Retrieved 25 December 2016

title: Eva Frommer

question: How old was Eva Frommer when she died?

answer: 77 years.

question: Explain Eva Frommer's connection to the Nazis in this text.

answer: Her family was part of the Jewish exodus that left Nazi Germany due to persecution.

question: What mental illness did Eva Frommer identify as occurring in early childhood?

answer: Depression.

question: Did Eva Frommer have children?

answer: The text does not mention it.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This text introduces Eva Frommer, a German-born British consultant child psychiatrist. Frommer's work focused on Child Health and she was one of the earliest practitioners to set up an out-patient therapeutic milieu for very young children and their parents, especially those from difficult backgrounds. She used art in her treatment environments and invited students and artists to get involved in her work.