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SIR ANTHONY JOSEPH FRANCIS O'REILLY, KBE, AO (born 7 May 1936), is an Irish former businessman and international rugby union player. He is known for his involvement in the Independent News & Media Group, which he led from 1973 to 2009,[1] and as former CEO and Chairman of the H.J. Heinz Company. He was the leading shareholder of Waterford Wedgwood. Perhaps Ireland's first billionaire, as of 26 May 2014 O'Reilly is being pursued in the Irish courts for debts amounting to €22 million by AIB, following losses amounting to hundreds of millions of euros in his unsuccessful attempt to stop Denis O'Brien from assuming control of Independent News & Media.[2]

As a rugby player, he represented Ireland, the British and Irish Lions and the Barbarians and is enshrined as a member of the International Rugby Board's Hall of Fame. O'Reilly has six children and 19 grandchildren and is married to Chryss Goulandris. He lived in Lyford Cay in the Bahamas until 2017, when the property was sold for less than €12 million as part of a bankruptcy arrangement.[3] O'Reilly now lives in Chateau des Ducs de Normandie in Bonneville-sur-Touques in France.[4][5]

Early years

Parents

O'Reilly was born in Dublin, Ireland, and was the only child of a civil servant, John O'Reilly (1906–1976), and Aileen O'Connor (1914–1989). O'Reilly's Drogheda-born father, eventually an inspector-general of customs, was born “Reilly” and added the _O_' when he applied to join the Irish Civil Service. Previously married with four older children, but estranged from his first wife, John O'Reilly married Aileen O'Connor in 1973, after the death of his first wife and only a little time after he had told his son of his other family.[6][7] O'Reilly had been told about the situation by a Jesuit when he was 15, but kept it secret. He arranged for the John and Aileen O'Reilly Library at Dublin City University to be named after his parents, and the O'Reilly Institute at University College Dublin to be named for his father, who had studied there.

O'Reilly, named “Tony” after his mother's favourite brother, grew up on Griffith Avenue, a broad middle-class street in the Drumcondra/Glasnevin area of Dublin. He had prominent red hair. He holidayed with family, including an aunt in Balbriggan, cousins in Sligo and others in Drogheda. In 1951, the family moved to a bungalow in Santry.

Education

Educated at Belvedere College from the age of six, O'Reilly was known for sporting proficiency in football, cricket and tennis and rugby union. As a youth he played soccer for Home Farm. In cricket he was a member of the _Junior Cup_-winning team in 1950; in tennis, he was in a _Leinster Schools Cup_-winning team, and reached the under-15 national semi-finals. He was also noted for his acting skills (notably in Gilbert and Sullivan operettas such as _Iolanthe_, and Dunsany's _A Night at an Inn_). He was an altar boy, and a regular attender at chapel, and during his time there spent a summer in the Gaeltacht to improve his Irish language skills.[8] He passed the Leaving Certificate at 17, and with four school mates, studied philosophy, still at Belvedere, for a year after this, while developing his rugby. He was a prefect for his last two years at the school, and a senior member of a key sodality.

O'Reilly went on to study law simultaneously with University College, Dublin and the then Incorporated Law Society of Ireland, in practice with Gerry Quinn.[9] He came fifth in Ireland in intermediate exams in 1956, and first and third in the country in final examinations in 1958, and was enrolled as a solicitor in November 1958.[10] He never practised after training, but later became chairman of the major Dublin solicitors' firm now known as Matheson.[11]

O'Reilly earned a PhD in agricultural marketing from the University of Bradford, and in addition holds at least one honorary doctorate.

Rugby Union career

Ireland

Between 1955 and 1970 O'Reilly won 29 caps for Ireland. His Five Nations career of 15 years, 23 days is the longest in history, a record shared with fellow Ireland great Mike Gibson.[12] He made his senior international debut, aged just 18, against France on 22 January 1955. He scored his four tries for Ireland against France on 28 January 1956; against Scotland on 25 February 1956; against Wales in 1959; and against France in 1963. He made his final appearance for Ireland on 14 February 1970, after a six-year absence from the national team,[13] against England.[14] This final appearance was an 11th-hour replacement, denying Frank O'Driscoll—father of Brian, Ireland's most-capped player—what would prove to be his only chance at a Test cap.[15]

British Lions [16]

O'Reilly toured twice with the British Lions, on their 1955 tour to South Africa and their 1959 tour to Australia and New Zealand. He made his debut for the Lions on 26 June 1955, scoring two tries against a Northern Universities XV. He played 15 games during the 1955 tour, scoring 16 tries. This included hat-tricks against a North Eastern Districts XV on 20 July and Transvaal on 23 July. He also played in all four Tests against South Africa, making his Test debut on the right wing before a crowd of 95,000 at Ellis Park on 6 August. He scored a try in the Lions 23–22 victory. He scored another try in the fourth Test on 24 September.

On the 1959 tour he played a further 23 games and scored 22 tries. This included a hat-trick against King Country/Counties on 19 August. He played in all six tests, two against Australia and four against New Zealand. He scored tries in the two test wins against Australia and in the first and fourth tests against New Zealand. His total of 38 tries for the Lions on two tours remains a record.[17]

Barbarians

Between 1955 and 1963 O'Reilly also made 30 appearances and scored 38 tries for the Barbarians. He made his debut on 9 April 1955 in a 6–3 win against Cardiff, and his final appearance against Swansea on 15 April 1963. On the Barbarians' 1958 tour of South Africa, O'Reilly scored 12 tries, seven of them in the game against East Africa.[18] He remains the Barbarians record holder for both appearances [19] and tries.[20]

Later rugby involvement

O'Reilly was a member of the IRFU Commercial Committee. He was in the first class of inductees into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 1997,[21] and was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame in 2009.[22]

Business career

O'Reilly went from college to work as a management consultant for Weston-Evans in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, he earned £200 annually, which was a very good salary by the then Irish standards.[23] While there, he continued his rugby career, with Leicester. His work included cost accounting and time-and-motion studies, in industries ranging from shoe-making to pottery.

He then moved to Sutton's of Cork, selling agricultural products, coal and oil.

Irish Semi-State sector

He joined _An Bord Bainne_, the Irish Dairy Board, in 1962, as General Manager, and developed the successful Kerrygold “umbrella brand” for Irish export butter. In 1966 he became Managing Director of the Irish Sugar Company. He soon developed a joint venture for freeze-drying food with the H. J. Heinz Co.

In February 1963, O'Reilly was involved in an accident between Urlingford and Johnstown, when his car struck a cyclist, who was injured. Locals testified that the injured man was careless, and he had no lights or reflector, and had been on the wrong side of the road. O'Reilly was convicted of driving with undue care, and fined 4 pounds, and since then he has rarely driven, especially at night.[24]

Heinz

In 1969, after discussion with the Taoiseach Jack Lynch, who offered him a post such as Minister for Agriculture if he would stay, O'Reilly joined Heinz. There he made his name in international business, becoming MD of the Heinz subsidiary in the UK, its largest non-US holding and the source of half of the group profit.

He moved to the company HQ in Pittsburgh in 1971 when he was promoted to Senior Vice President for the North America and Pacific region. In 1973, R. Burt Gookin and Jack Heinz made him COO and President. He became CEO in 1979 when Mr. Gookin then Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer retired.

O'Reilly earned his Ph.D. in 1980, with a thesis on agricultural incomes and marketing in Ireland. Though he was proud of his work with Bord Bainne, Irish Sugar and the Erin – Heinz JV, he concluded that Irish farmers were benefiting much more from price-boosting subsidies than from commercial development.

He became Chairman of Heinz in 1987, succeeding HJ Heinz II, and becoming the first non-Heinz family member to hold that post.[25] His guidance was seen as having helped transform the company into a major international competitor, its value increasing twelvefold (from $908 million to $11 billion). O'Reilly left Heinz in 1998 after several years during which analysts questioned the company's performance, and after challenges from corporate governance groups and major pension funds including CalPERS and Business Week magazine;[26] he was succeeded by his deputy, William R. Johnson.

Other business interests

During his time at Heinz, O'Reilly held roles as a major shareholder and chairman of several companies, including Waterford Wedgwood (1995–2009) and Independent News & Media, and of a major partnership of solicitors, Matheson, in Dublin.[27][28] Provision for him to do this was written into his contract before he went to the United States. After he left Heinz, he focused on three of these: Independent News & Media; Waterford Wedgwood; and Fitzwilton; and later, for a brief time, eircom. He was the main shareholder in Arcon, the Irish base-metal mining company that developed the Galmoy lead-zinc deposit, the company being co-founded with Richard Conroy, and later sold to Lundin Mining in 2005. He also retained a 40% stake in Providence Resources Plc, the Irish-based oil and gas exploration and development company.

Independent News & Media

O'Reilly bought into Independent News & Media (INM), a Dublin-based print media company, in 1973, and having held over 28%, with leverage over more than 29.5% with family and other connected parties, had his shareholding diluted sharply since 2009. He pushed the company to expand into other national markets and to increase its reach in Ireland. In the 1990s INM bought into South Africa (from 1994),[29] Australia (from 1988) and New Zealand (from 1995), acquiring 38 newspaper titles, over 70 radio stations, cable and telecoms interests at a cost of around €1.3 billion. In the United Kingdom, INM took control of the national broadsheet _The Independent_ in 1995, edging out MGN and Prisa. The company has over 200 national and regional newspaper and magazine titles in total, revenues of €1.7 billion and profits of €110.7 million. The group has assets of around €4.7 billion and debts in the region of €1.3 billion.[30] On Friday 13 March 2009, it was announced that on O'Reilly's 73rd birthday, 7 May, he would resign as both CEO and a member of the Board of INM, to be succeeded by his son, Gavin. Further, the often-criticised large size of the board would be reduced from 17 to 10, and would include three nominees of Denis O'Brien. These announcements were actioned, and O'Reilly became President Emeritus of the group.[31] The markets reacted positively to the news, especially to the explicit truce between the O'Reilly and O'Brien shareholder blocs, with Denis O'Brien voicing public support for Gavin O'Reilly as CEO-designate.

Interests beyond IN&M

Among other investments, O'Reilly has or had until recently interests in:

-   Fitzwilton, an industrial holding and investment company established with friends (Ferguson and Leonard) in the early 1970s. Over the years, the Company has been involved in numerous business activities ranging from textiles, to house construction, to fertilser manufacturing, to bottling, to oil and gas investments, to supermarkets to light manufacturing. Taken private in the late 1990s in conjunction with his brother-in-law, the company is now involved in light manufacturing, property investments, financial services and architectural signage
-   Waterford Wedgwood Plc, the majority of which was placed in administration on 5 January 2009, and of which he was chairman until that date
-   Providence Resources Plc, an Irish-based oil and gas exploration and production company, in which he holds a stake of at least 40%. The company has interests in Ireland, the UK, the US and Nigeria
-   Landis+Gyr, one of the world's largest smart metering companies, in which he held a 7% stake prior to its sale to Toshiba

Lockwood and E-mat

In conjunction with his brother in law, in 1996, he backed a management team that created Lockwood Financial Partners (and its sister company E-mat). Lockwood, based in Malvern Pennsylvania, specialised in providing independent financial investment advice services to brokers of high-net-worth individuals, and went on to become one of the largest independent advisory companies in the United States before being sold to Bank of New York in 2001. At the time, assets under management were estimated to be in excess of $11 billion.

Eircom and Valentia

He was part of the Valentia consortium that bought into Eircom, the former Irish state phone company, in November 2001, for €2.8 billion, beating a rival offer of €3 billion. In 2004 the company was partly refloated, and in 2005 sold at a profit to Babcock and Brown of Australia.

Commentary

O'Reilly drew salaries, share options and benefits from many companies, in addition to making capital gains on shareholdings. An article in _The Village_ Magazine suggested that he earned €110 million since 2000 just from Independent News and Media. However, it is important to note that he and his families sustained the historic Waterford Glass operations at a huge loss for many years – they would certainly have closed much earlier without their funding.

Sir Anthony O'Reilly was honoured with the Media Person of the Year Award at the 55th Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in May 2008.

Charitable works

O'Reilly has sponsored and supported a wide range of charitable activities, and continues to do so. Many of these, such as the many-year support of a Professorship in Australian Studies at UCD, were arranged together with his first wife, and likewise today, he and his current wife will often jointly support an activity, such as sponsorship of a gallery at the NATIONAL SCIENCE HISTORICAL MUSEUM adjacent to Birr Castle. He has shown a particular interest in _naming rights_, where a contribution to a project, generally of 5% to 20%, allows a donor to add a name to the project, and has received at least one such “name” as a gift.

Kilcullen

O'Reilly has supported many local initiatives, from floral street displays and signage for local nature walks in Kilcullen to commissioning, with his wife, a piece of music for the launch of the Dun Ailinne Interpretative Park. A presentation in recognition of this was made mid-2009. O'Reilly is also the Patron of the Kilcullen GAA club.

The O'Reilly Foundation

The O'Reilly Foundation is a charity set up by O'Reilly with a Board of Trustees composed of family members, chaired by his wife, and a Scholarship Board headed by Professor Emeritus John Kelly of UCD, succeeding Ken Whitaker. With an office address at a family home in Dublin, and Amanda Hopkins as Executive Secretary, it contributes to various projects, with an emphasis on the education sector, primarily running an annual scholarship programme, awarding 2–3 advanced, usually multi-year, third-level scholarships, each for over €20,000 per annum.

Both through the Foundation and before its inception, O'Reilly has contributed to a range of University projects in Ireland, with notable examples at Dublin City University, University College Dublin, Trinity College Dublin and Queen's University Belfast.

O'Reilly also paid for the construction of the state-of-the-art 600 seat O'Reilly Theatre in Belvedere College, and has regularly funded projects in the college.[32] The family also contributed to the construction of the O'Reilly Theatre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the 181 seat O'Reilly Theatre at Keble College, Oxford.

Trinity College, Dublin

O'Reilly has contributed towards the O'Reilly Institute, backed the development of Jewish Studies, and supported the Chair in Neuroscience. He was a Pro-Chancellor of the University of Dublin from 1994 until retiring on age grounds at the end of the 2010/2011 academic year, and was also a member of the board of the Trinity Foundation.[33]

University College Dublin

O'Reilly supported his alma mater, UCD, by funding the O'Reilly Hall, named in honour of his parents. This building is a major focal point of the UCD campus and in addition to its use for exams, the hall is now a leading venue for large events in Dublin.

Dublin City University

_The John and Aileen O`Reilly Library_ at Dublin City University was named in honour of his parents, as the O`Reilly Foundation contributed a substantial sum to the library's capital costs in 2000.

Queen's University Belfast

The new library currently under construction at Queen's University of Belfast was to be named the Sir Anthony O'Reilly Library,[34] in recognition of support for the University, including a pledge of £4 million (of a £44 Million cost for the library), £2 Million from his personal charity, The O'Reilly Foundation and £2 Million from Independent News and Media / The Belfast Telegraph and the Ireland Funds. The new library will now be known as either “The New Library” or “The Library at Queen's” after a request by O'Reilly in April 2009.[35]

The Ireland Funds

The American Ireland Fund, now the central entity in The Ireland Funds, was established in Boston by O'Reilly and his friend, Pittsburgh businessman Dan Rooney, in 1976, and for many years this and later similar initiatives in other countries, took up a considerable amount of his time. The funds, now a network with more than ten national entities, have raised over $450 million to date. O'Reilly is the Chairman. Rooney became US Ambassador to Ireland in July 2009.

Personal life

Family

O'Reilly was first engaged in 1958, to Dorothy Collins, whom he'd met in 1954, with the marriage planned for 1959.[36]

O'Reilly met his first wife, Australian secretary and pianist Susan M. Cameron, the daughter of a wealthy Australian mining figure in whose name he endowed a professorship at UCD for at least a decade, in 1959 in Australia, after she was suggested as a social contact when he was touring for rugby. After courting her when she moved to London, they married in 1962. He had six children by her, born 1963–66: Susan Wildman, Anthony Cameron O'Reilly (generally “Cameron”), Justine O'Reilly, Gavin O'Reilly, Caroline Dempsey, and St John Anthony (“Tony Junior”); the last three are triplets. All three boys are involved in family business interests, while the daughters are not known to be, the eldest being a qualified pilot, the second a lawyer and the third a full-time mother. The eldest daughter took a bachelor's degree at Yale, and a Master's in History at Oxford.[37]

All the O'Reilly children married and O'Reilly has 19 grandchildren. Youngest daughter Caroline was married at the restored Church of St. Mary at Castlemartin Estate on 1 June 1991, while eldest child Susan O'Reilly married investment banker Tarik C. Wildman (1959–) on 14 August 1993 before an Episcopal dean[38] at the same church. Gavin O'Reilly married Alison Doody there some years later.

The O'Reillys separated in the late 1980s, and Susan O'Reilly settled in London, in a house bought by O'Reilly. Susan O'Reilly died in 2014.

Shortly after, O'Reilly married Chryss Goulandris, a Greek shipping heiress, who breeds and races thoroughbred horses as “Skymarc Farms” and under other names, and who owns stud farms in Normandy and other locations. Chryss is well known on the racecourses of Ireland, Britain and France as _Lady O'Reilly_ and is very knowledgeable on all aspects of the equine industry. They first met in New York, when Chryss accompanied her brother to a business meeting.

The wedding took place in the Bahamas on 4 September 1991. Chryss made a naming gift in her husband's honour in 1999 with the O'Reilly Theater in Pittsburgh, and he bought her a famous Jackie Onassis diamond ring for over $US2 million.[39] The second Mrs O'Reilly's brother has been a close business ally of O'Reilly for many years since around the time of the marriage.

Residences

A number of homes are associated with O'Reilly, including his former main residence, Lissadell Tamura, with a beach in the private gated community Lyford Cay[40] near Nassau in the Bahamas. For many years his principal residence and later a major base, was Castlemartin, a “big house” dating in current form from the 18th century, at Kilcullen, County Kildare (which has associated stud farm and cattle breeding premises on the large estate lands). O'Reilly purchased Castlemartin in 1972 from the Earl of Gowrie, and spent millions on improvements to the house and on restoration of the 15th century Church of St Mary in the grounds. On 15 February 2008 permission was granted for developments of two ancillary houses on a remote part of the estate, adjoining Kilcullen (Bridge) village's main street, incorporating residential, restaurant and retail space. In October 2007, O'Reilly paid a record €125,000 per acre for Hollyhill Stud in Carnalway near Brannockstown,[41] under 3 kilometres from Kilcullen. The stud farm on the banks of the Liffey, with a 10-room house and a cottage, was thought to have been intended for one of his daughters.[42]

In late 1995, he and his wife purchased a former solicitor's office, a four-storey Georgian house at 2 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin, with a courtyard and coachhouse with separate entrance. The 1 million Irish pound house, formerly owned by railway pioneer William Dargan, was a base when travel to Castlemartin was not feasible, and a place for meetings and his private office.[43] O'Reilly also has a holiday compound, Shorecliffe, comprising several houses, garden areas and two swimming pools, by the sea in Glandore, County Cork.

The O'Reillys also owned a chateau “built on the ruins of the castle where William the Conqueror plotted his 1066 invasion of England” at Deauville in France.[44]

For many years a key O'Reilly residence was a 34-room mock Tudor house of at Fox Chapel, Pittsburgh, with of grounds. This property, his second home in that area, with eight bedrooms and bathrooms, an “Irish bar” in the basement, tennis courts, Japanese and English themed gardens and swimming and tennis facilities, was sold for around $US2.4 million in 2000[45]

The residential complex in Glandore, the house on Fitzwilliam Square and the Castlemartin Estate have all since been auctioned off at sales forced by O'Reilly's creditors.[46] O'Reilly now lives in Chateau des Ducs de Normandie in Bonneville-sur-Touques in France.[47][48]

Sporting interests

O'Reilly's sons have noted that he is still a keen player of tennis. For a period in the 1990s O'Reilly chaired a committee set up by the then Lord Mayor of Dublin, Gay Mitchell, aiming to bring the Olympic Games to Dublin in 2004.

Art collection

The O'Reillys have been significant art collectors for many years, with the biggest known acquisition being Monet's Le Portail (Soleil), bought in 2000, at Sotheby's of London, for $US24 million,[49] and others including works by William Orpen and Jack Yeats, and bronzes and statues. In June 2008 it was reported that O'Reilly had commissioned a bound catalogue of his art collection, 15 cm thick, at a cost of €125,000 for 500 copies, edited by Suzanne Macdougald and with notes by, among others, Bruce Arnold. Copies were said to have been given to the President of Ireland and the Queen of the United Kingdom.

Other key figures

Friends

O'Reilly is an enthusiastic networker, and from early developed a wide range of acquaintances and friends. Among the closest were Kevin McGoran and Jim McCarthy.

He made contacts at high levels, which sometimes included becoming friendly with controversial figures such as Henry Kissinger and the late Robert Mugabe. He hosted the late Nelson Mandela more than once, and knows a range of Irish and American politicians.

Staff

For over 47 years, from his time at Suttons of Cork, O'Reilly had a strong executive secretary, Olive Deasy (1932–2007), who managed aspects of his work and personal lives, living with his family for much of this time[50] Also important was his driver, Arthur Whelan.

O'Reilly's executive secretary in Dublin is Mandy Scott, while from 2000 to 2009, O'Reilly also had a personal nurse and assistant, Sabina Vidunas, who travelled with him.[51]

Awards and honours

In 1978, O'Reilly was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Laws (LLD) by Trinity College Dublin.

In 1988, he was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for services to Irish-Australian relationships.

O'Reilly was knighted, as a Knight Bachelor, by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2001 New Year's Honours, “for services to Northern Ireland” – including in recognition for his work as head of The Ireland Funds charity. O'Reilly, who describes himself as a constitutional nationalist, sought the approval of the Irish Government in relation to the award,[52] because it is a requirement of the Constitution of Ireland that “No title of nobility or of honour may be accepted by any citizen except with the prior approval of the Government”. As O'Reilly is also a British subject, in part due to his pre-1949 Irish birth,[53] he holds a substantive and not just an honorary knighthood, and can validly style himself _Sir_, as he has done; see British honours system.

Wealth

In May 2014 the Sunday Times reported that O'Reilly and his wife had a net worth of around US$545 million, down sharply from March 2012, then the Sunday Independent reported that O'Reilly had a net worth of €1 billion, excluding his wife's estimated €300 Million from her shipping family inheritances.[54]

O'Reilly is now locked in a legal case with the State-controlled bank, AIB, in relation to his multimillion-euro debts. AIB are seeking a summary judgment against him at the High Court. The commercial court in Dublin has refused a six-month stay or delay in a judgement against O'Reilly.[55] In June 2014, the court entered a judgement of nearly 46 million euro against him.[56] Judge Peter Kelly said he believed there was force in the argument that O'Reilly and his investment companies are insolvent.[57] During the hearing, lawyers for O'Reilly admitted that he also owed large amounts to other banks and financial institutions.[58]

This means that he will have to sell properties in Ireland to meet his debts to AIB bank.[59]

Biography

An authorised biography, _The Player: The Life of Tony O'Reilly_, was produced by Ivan Fallon, a journalist and biographer in the early 1990s, now a senior executive at one of O'Reilly's companies,[60] and is the only study of any length. O'Reilly facilitated the project, and the author was given access to family members, including past and current wives, and to staff and business colleagues.

Fallon insisted in the foreword that he had complete discretion on what to include and how to tell it, excluding only some private family matters. While giving great detail on some business matters, the book says almost nothing about O'Reilly's children and little of his second wife. It gives considerable detail on business matters, and does question some of O'Reilly's assertions, notably about his Irish business interests. It also gives much detail on O'Reilly's parents' situations and especially his father's family, detail which the author notes even O'Reilly did not have until the book gathered it, and includes some fine detail about his residences.

In 2015, another biography of O'Reilly was published by Gill and Macmillan. Written by Matt Cooper, and titled “The Maximalist: The Rise and Fall of Tony O'Reilly”, the book is said to offer an "overview of a man described by the publishers as “one of Ireland's most remarkable public figures”".[61]

[1] Dublin, Ireland, The Irish Times, Friday 13 May (quoted at eircom.net also), and Saturday 14 May 2009

[2]

[3] https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/oreillys-beachfront-trophy-home-in-bahamas-sold-for-12m-35587653.html

[4]

[5] https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2020/01/27/996361/ex-tycoons-nurse-fights-on-for-millions

[6] The Daily Telegraph, London, U.K.: “The Real O'Reilly”, 9 August 2004, Martin Baker

[7] The Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland, 12 February 1994: Weekend section, page 3, “Paperchaser”, Jim Dunne

[8] Fallon, pp. 32–33

[9] Fallon, pp. 58–59

[10] Fallon, p. 86

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14] Tony O'Reilly Irish Rugby: Player search

[15]

[16] Although called the _British and Irish Lions_ since 2001, in the 1950s the team was known as the _British Lions_; the term 'British' referring to the entire British Isles, rather than the United Kingdom.

[17] Tony O'Reilly The British & Irish Lions

[18] Starmer-Smith, Nigel; _The Barbarians_ (1977) Macdonald & Jane's Publisher, pp 234–240

[19] Most Appearances Barbarians RFC

[20] Most Tries Barbarians RFC

[21]

[22]

[23] Fallon, pp. 89–91

[24] Fallon, pp. 140–142

[25]

[26] Business Week, 15 September 1997, Lead cover story: “The CEO and the Board”

[27]

[28]

[29] Dublin, Ireland: The Irish Times, p.1 and p.14, “O'Reilly buys SA papers”

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36] Fallon, pp. 91–92

[37] New York, New York, US: The New York Times, 15 August 1993, Weddings: “Susan O'Reilly and Tarik Wildman”

[38]

[39] Forbes Magazine: Forbes, Power Couples, retrieved April 2008

[40] Pittsburgh, 22 July 2001: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, "Living large; Anthony O'Reilly rules a global business empire, enchants all those in his sphere and is now addressed as “Sir”, Cristina Rouvalis

[41] Leinster Leader, 17 October 2007: Auction Watch

[42] The Irish Times, 11 October 2007, Property: Sales Results

[43] Dublin, Ireland / The Irish Times / Siobhan Creaton / 8 March 1996 / p29, Business This Week / “Fitzwilliam Square”, “O'Reilly buys period home in Dublin Square”

[44]

[45] The Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland: Property, 8 August 2000, from the Wall Street Journal

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49] London, UK: The Evening Standard, 3 March 2004, William Cash, “The Luck of the Irish”

[50] Dublin, Ireland: The Irish Independent, 19 April 2007, Ralph Riegel: “Sir Anthony O'Reilly pays tribute”, incl. “Sir Anthony said that Ms Deasy was renowned for her loyalty, dedication, organisational skills, calmness under pressure and, above all, her discretion and confidentiality. 'I moved to Cork in 1960 and I first met Olive through Suttons. I chose Olive as my secretary and so began a 47-year partnership. It is amazing to think how the years have gone behind us,' he said. 'from Suttons, UCC, to Bord Bainne, the Irish Sugar Company, the HJ Heinz Company, The Independent, the Ireland Fund, Waterford Wedgwood and, most important of all, my family.'”

[51] “...personal assistant Sabina Vidunas a sign to show he's flagging, but then the adrenalin kicks in and he's off again. Over the years he has put together a formula that smooths the kinks from everyday life: the delightful Sabina at his elbow from dawn until bedtime, gently removing empty teacups, waking him and Chryss with a cheery rendition of Oh What A Beautiful Morning, videoing his speeches for the family record, keeping the VIP cars waiting, lining up the Diet Cokes, attempting the impossible – to keep him on time.”

[52]

[53] As a result of the British Nationality Act 1948, Irish citizens (citizens of the Republic of Ireland) no longer had British subject status from 1 January 1949 if they did not acquire citizenship of the UK & Colonies or that of another Commonwealth country, notwithstanding that the Irish Free State did not cease to be one of His Majesty's dominions until 18 April 1949. However, section 2 of the Act allowed certain Irish citizens who were British subjects before 1949 to apply at any time to the Secretary of State to remain British subjects. Applications had to be based on: previous Crown service under the United Kingdom government; possession of a British passport; or associations by way of descent, residence or otherwise with the United Kingdom or any Crown colony, protectorate, UK mandated territory or UK trust territory.

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60] Fallon

[61]

title: Tony O'Reilly

question: What was Sir Anthony O'Reilly known for?

answer: He is known for being involved with the Independent News & Media Group, being the former CEO and Chairman of H.J. Heinz Company, his rugby career, and perhaps being Ireland's first billionaire.

question: Why is O'Reilly being pursued by AIB?

answer: O'Reilly has multimillion-euro debts to AIB and other financial institutions.


split: train

text:
Let me tell you about a friend of mine...

Let's just call him “Joel.” At a very young age, Joel realized that he preferred playing with barbie dolls over playing with action figures. When puberty hit, he realized that he wasn't interested in girls the way his male peers were. Shortly thereafter, things added up and Joel realized he was gay.

Joel grew up in small town in rural Georgia, in a conservative family that attended a baptist church every Sunday. Joel knew that to be himself would mean to be ostracized, so he hid his sexuality.

Joel moved to Atlanta to attend college. He discovered that he wasn't alone in being gay. He began having one night flings with men he met at clubs and on the internet, remaining in the closet the whole time. He continued going to church throughout his college years.

One day, Joel confessed to his pastor that he was gay. His pastor told him that it was okay. He said that he could help him. He would teach him to “pray the gay away.”

Joel spent years asking God to remove his homosexuality. He prayed that God would make him straight so he could have a family and be just like his fellow church-goers. It seems that God had other plans for him.

Eventually, Joel gave up trying to change who he was. He had always believed that God loved him no matter what, and that God had made him in his own image. Why would God want him to conceal his true feelings--feeling that were given to him by God in the first place? Why would a loving God want him to be someone he wasn't? Was God just a Supreme Prankster?

Joel didn't think so, so he came out of the closet. He eventually fell in love with a man much like himself who shared his faith. The two have been together ever since and have worked together on building a fellowship of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender Christians in the greater Atlanta area.

I'm not religious, and I don't like to way in on the topic of God, but, Joel's story makes me wish I could have the faith that he has, to believe in a loving God who wants us to be just the way He created us. What does it say about some people's view of themselves and the world when they worship a Supreme Creator who doesn't want some people to be happy with the way God created them? I don't know about you, but I prefer Joel's God over those other people's God.

title: Pray the Gay Away

question: Is Joel's family homophobic?

answer: Yes

question: Why is Joel ashamed of his sexuality?

answer: Cannot be answered.

question: Who knows about his homosexuality besides the pastor?

answer: It may be implied that students in his college know.

question: Does Joel accept his sexuality?

answer: Yes, eventually.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer:
Joel discovers at a young age that he is gay. He belongs to a conservative family and knew that being himself would mean he'd be ostracized.

Soon he attends college and realizes he isn't alone.

One day, Joel confesses to the pastor who tells him to "pray the gay away." Joel prays for years and finally gives in. He falls in love with a man and the two together build a fellowship on gays.


text:
[voting]

This map of Dallas County has fascinated me for _way_ too long today. By dragging your mouse over the voting precincts, you can see how everyone voted. No surprise: the Park Cities and North Dallas went with Trump. Somewhat of a surprise (to me): a strong pocket of red in Lake Highlands. Dallas County as a whole went 62 percent for Hillary and 36 percent for Trump. _The_ most Republican part of Dallas is a sweet spot of University Park bounded by the Tollway, Northwest Highway, Central Expressway, and Lovers (you can see the precincts better if you go here).

To my eye, 2220 is where it’s at. With 945 Trump votes to 306 Hillary votes, it has 3.09 Republicans for every Democrat. That’s the highest ratio I can find. For comparison, that red hot spot in Lake Highlands has ratios down around 1. Precinct 2061, for example, delivered 1,004 Trump votes to 913 Hillary votes. So not only does 2220 have the highest ratio, but it is bordered by precincts (2221 and 2222, for example), that delivered ratios in the 2.5 range and had more total Trump votes cast than did 2220. In other words, it is a highly concentrated stronghold of Republicanness surrounded by extreme Republicanosity.

If the folks in 2220 woke up feeling crappy today, it was only because they partied so hard last night.

question: What is the main focus of this article?

answer: The election results in Dallas County.

question: Explain what 2220 is.

answer: A precinct in Dallas County.

question: Who appears to be winning in the election results being discussed?

answer: Dallas County as a whole seems to favour Hillary, who received 62 percent of the votes compated to Trump's 36 percent.

question: When was this written?

answer: During the election between Trump and Hillary.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The writer uses an interactive map to view the election results in Dallas County for the [presidential] race between [Donald] Trump and Hillary [Clinton]. The highest ratio of Republicans to Democrats is in precinct 2220. Overall, Dallas County seems to favour Hillary, who received 62 percent of votes.


text:
TLAXCALA, officially TLAXCALA DE XICOHTÉNCATL (), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Tlaxcala and seat of the municipality of the same name. The city did not exist during the pre Hispanic period but was laid out by the Spanish as a center of evangelization and governance after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. It was designated as a diocese but eventually lost this status to Puebla as its population declined. The city still has many of its old colonial structures including the former Franciscan monastery, as well as newer civic structures such as the Xicohtencatl Theatre.

History

[City Hall complex was set the Royal House] [Pre Hispanic ceramics at the Regional Museum] [Atrial cross from the early colonial period] The name Tlaxcala most likely comes from a Nahuatl phrase which means “place of corn bread.” The Aztec glyph for the Mesoamerican dominion is two hills from which emerge a pair of hands making a tortilla.[1]

The site of the modern city did not have a settlement for most of the pre Hispanic era. The area was ruled by a coalition of four dominions called Tepeticpac, Ocotelolco, Tizatlan and Quiahuiztlan which united in the 14th century to defend themselves against the Aztecs and other enemies. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Tlaxcala was one of the most important areas of Mesoamerica with commercial ties to the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean as well as Central America.[2]

As the Aztec Empire grew, it conquered Tlaxcala's neighbors but left the dominion in order to perform annual ritual combat called the “flower wars” which aimed to not conquer but capture soldiers for sacrifice. The conquest of the surrounding area also cut off Tlaxcala's commerce. This remained the case until the arrival of the Spanish in the early 16th century. Hernán Cortés took advantage of this situation, enlisting the Tlaxcalans as allies against the Aztecs, giving them a base to attack from and regroup after the La Noche Triste when they were initially expelled from Tenochtitlan.[3]

Despite the military alliance of the Tlaxcalans, they did not have a single capital. After the Spanish conquest terminated, the Europeans selected the current site to solidify their hold on the Tlaxcalans as well as have a base for evangelization. The most likely time that the city was founded was spring of 1522.[4] Tlaxcala was the fifth diocese to be established in the Americas and the second in Mexico after Yucatán. The first bishop was Julian Garces and the seat was established in 1527. However, since there was a cathedral in the city of Puebla and not in Tlaxcala, the seat was moved to Puebla in 1539 and has remained there since. The original territory of the diocese included the states of Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Tabasco, Hidalgo and Guerrero, but as new diocese were erected, the territory reduced to the present, states of Puebla and Tlaxcala. In 1903, the name of the Diocese of Tlaxcala was changed to the Diocese of Puebla.[5]

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Tlaxcala area was heavily populated but with epidemics, emigrations and the construction of the Nochistongo canal to drain the Valley of Mexico, most of the indigenous population disappeared. A document of 1625 states that there were 300,000 in the city in the 16th century but only 700 remained by that time it was written.[6] The city was begun in 1537 with the construction of the San Francisco monastery. The city became the center of Tlaxcala identity during the colonial period. Its commerce was originally centered in the main square but was eventually moved to the outskirts of town. One important project that was traded here was the cochineal insect, used to make red dye. When New Spain was divided into five major provinces, Tlaxcala became the capital of one of them, with roughly the same dimensions as the pre Hispanic coalition of dominions. Tlaxcala was promised certain rights as an ally during the Conquest. When a number of these were not met, a codex was produced here called the Lienzo de Tlaxcala as a complaint to the Spanish Crown. However, despite the complaints, most of the indigenous eventually lost their lands around the city and lost many of their commerce rights in it.[7]

In 1692, a revolt occurred against Governor Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo due to the scarcity of grain.[8]

The city of Tlaxcala became a municipality in 1813, under the Spanish Constitution of 1812.[9]

French forces were forced out of the city in 1867 after which Tlaxcalan forces went with Porfirio Díaz to liberate Puebla and after that, Querétaro and Mexico City.[10]

During the end of the 19th century, the politics of the city were dominated by Próspero Cahuantzi, who promoted public works such as kiosks, streets, public markets, bridges and government buildings. The city changed from oil lamps to electric light in the historic center, the state government palace was remodeled and the Xicohtencatl Theatre was built. Electricity for the city was generated through a hydroelectric works in a canal on the Los Negros River.[11]

After the Mexican Revolution, the city recovered and began to grow again, reaching a population of 6,000 by 1927. In the mid 20th century, public education was enhanced at the middle and high school levels. More public works were undertaken to give the city the appearance it has today.[12]

The city

[Juárez Avenue in downtown, very near City Hall complex] The city center is compact and filled with colonial era building painted in colors such as burnt umber, salmon pink and mustard yellow.[13] Most of these buildings are centered on the main square called the Plaza de la Constitución. This square measures on each side and was established when the Spanish laid out the city in 1524. The current name was given in 1813 to honor the Cádiz Constitution as well as the Mexican constitutions of 1857 and 1917. In the center of this square is the Santa Cruz Fountain which was donated to the city by Philip IV in 1646. There is also a kiosk which was constructed in the 19th century.[14]

The Portal Hidalgo is on the east side of the main square, built as commercial space in 1550. It is still used as such today although the structures have been modified since then as seen in the differences in the columns and sizes of the arches. The city hall was moved from its centuries old home in the “Casas Reales” to this complex. The interior is dominated by the city council chamber (Salón de Cabildos) along with various municipal offices. On the lower level inside its section of the arches, there is a cultural space called “La Tlaxcalteca” which sells regional handcrafts and other goods as well as books about Tlaxcala's history.[15]

Historic buildings

The Capilla Real de Indias or Royal Indian Chapel was built in the 16th century as a church for indigenous nobility. At the end of the 18th century, a fire destroyed the nave and much of the rest collapsed as a result of an earthquake. The ruins remained abandoned until the structure was restored in 1984 to house the state's judicial branch.[16]

The Casa de Piedra (“Stone House”) is located on the southwest corner of the main plaza. It was built in the 16th century as a notary office and home. Its name comes from the solid gray sandstone used in its construction, unique to the area.[17]

Franciscan monastery

The former Franciscan monastery was built between 1537 and 1542, located on a hill on the edge of the historic center, away from the main square. It was one of the first four to be built by the Franciscans in the Americas, accredited to Martín de Valencia. The layout of the complex is unusual with the cloister on the left or north side of the church. The church still has its original roof made from large beams of wood.[18] The main nave of the church has one of the few examples of Moorish art in the Americas.[19] It has a large atrium and various chapels, with only two of the atrium chapels remaining. There is a tower located on the outside wall away from the main building.[20] The east atrium is historically important as the site of the first evangelist plays performed in Nahuatl starting in 1537. Today, this cloister area is the Regional Museum of Tlaxcala.[21] The main gateway to the monastery has the coat-of-arms of Castillas and the year 1629, mostly likely to mark the centennial of the monastery's founding.[22] The after its use as a monastery ended, the cloister was used as a military barracks, a hospital and a prison. Only some of its original murals remain. It has been the home of the Regional Museum since 1981. The museum contains five halls dedicated to the history of the state from the pre-Hispanic period to the 19th century and it has two halls for temporary exhibits. The museum also hosts conferences and cultural events. Other services include those related to research. The museum is operated by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) .[23]

The Jorge Aguilar “El Ranchero” Bullring is on a site next to the former monastery. It was one of the first established in Tlaxcala in 1788. In 1817, the current structure was built of adobe and stone. The popularity of the sport spurred a number of ranches dedicated to raising bulls including the Tepeyahualco, Piedras Negras and Mimiahuapan. It is located next to the former monastery and also serves as the site for the annual Tlaxcala Fair.[24][25]

The State Government Palace is the most important civic construction from the 16th century. It has three sections. The east wing was known as the Casas Reales, the center Casas Consistoriales and the west wing as the Alhóndiga. The building is used for state government offices. The interior contain a number of murals by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin, which depict the history of Tlaxcala.[26]

[San José Parish]

San José parish church

The San José parish church was originally called the parish of San Juan y San José (Saints John and Joseph), constructed during the 18th century in Baroque style. This site was once the cathedral of the Diocese of Tlaxcala, but this has since been merged with Puebla, with its seat in the city of Puebla. The building has orange walls with cobalt blue Talavara ceramic tiles and a façade decorated in mortar work.[27][28] The main entrance is an arch supported by pilasters and flanked by columns. The upper part of the façade has a choral window also flanked by columns. The left hand tower has one level with arches, flanked by Tuscan pilasters topped by a small dome covered in Talavera tile. In 1864, the cupola and roof were destroyed by an earthquake. The current ones with Talavera tile are from the reconstruction. The interior is decorated in Neoclassical style with a Latin cross layout although there are still some Baroque and Churrigueresque altars. The main altar is Neoclassical but with an altarpiece which is Baroque. The upper choir area has an elaborate wood railing. On each side of the area below the choir area there are two Churrigueresque altars. In the two side chapels there are oil paintings by Manuel Caro as well as two holy water fonts of sculpted stone that has images of the god Camaxtli and the Spanish coat of arms.[29]

[Tlaxcala Museum of Art] The former municipal palace was constructed in the middle of the 16th century as a place for the representatives of the four Tlaxcala dominions to meet. It has two levels with arches on the lower level of the façade. The main entranceway has three arches with reliefs over stone columns. The upper level of the façade has a seal and a pediment with clock. The interior has a terrace with three arches supported by Tuscan columns. The main stairway has a relief depicting Xicohtencatl Axayacatzin as well as reliefs of the four Tlaxcalan leaders at the time of the Spanish arrival.[30]

The Former Legislative Palace is now home to the state's Secretary of Tourism. It was built in the 19th century with a façade of gray sandstone supported by pilasters with capitols. The building functioned as the site of the state's legislature from 1901 to 1982.[31]

[Capilla de los Indios, present-day state of Tlaxcala supreme court building] The Xicohtencatl Theatre was built in 1873 with one of its early main productions being a re-enactment of the Battle of Puebla. Built during the Porfirio Díaz period, it was remodeled after the Mexican Revolution to Neoclassical from 1923 to 1945. The latest restoration of the building occurred in 1984 done by the Instituto Tlaxcalteca de Cultura. The Xicohtencatl. It has a sandstone façade, which is principally in Neoclassical style. This façade has twelve pilasters with Corinthian capitols that mark off the windows, doors and niches. The lower level has three entrances and the upper level has three balconies with arches. The interior has a ceiling with a large soffit with an Art Nouveau style painting by John Fulton representing the Muses along with Tlaxcala landscapes.[32][33]

The Tlaxcala Museum of Art was inaugurated in 2004, located in a building constructed in the 19th century in the historic center. This building originally was a hospital and later jail. When it was restored and converted to its current use, the façade and layout of the building was left intact with only minor changes. The museum has six main halls for permanent exhibits and five for temporary ones.[34]

The Culture Palace is a late Neoclassical building which was begun in 1939. It has a brick façade with a woven mat design interspersed with ornamental gray sandstone. It was originally built to be the middle and preparatory school for the state, but later it was converted into a department of the Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala and finally in 1991, housed the Tlaxcala Cultural Institute.[35]

The Stairway of the Heroes was initially called the “Stairway of Independence” both of which refer to the busts of figures such as Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende, José María Morelos and Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez. Busts from persons later in Mexico's history were added such as those of Francisco I. Madero, Ricardo Flores Magón, Emiliano Zapata, Francisco Villa, Venustiano Carranza as well as Domingo Arenas, who was a Tlaxcalan figure from the Mexican Revolution.[36]

[View of the Plaza de Armas] Plaza Xicohténcatl was created in the late 20th century for a weekend arts and crafts market. In the colonial period, the area was used for the sale of slaves according to some historians. Calzada de San Francisco is a pedestrian street at the southeast side of the plaza, filled with ash trees and paved with blocks of sandstone. As the road leads up to the former monastery, it ends at a gate with three arches.[37]

La Chichita is the name of a fountain found at the intersection of Vicente Guerrero and Porfirio Díaz streets. It is fed by a natural water flow and used to be the source of potable water for the surrounding area.[38]

Tizatlán Open Chapel

The Tizatlán Open Chapel was built in the 16th century over a pyramid platform which was part of the palace of Xicohtencatl the Elder. This building appears in the Tlaxcala Codex from 1550. Hernán Cortés placed a cross here along with indigenous leaders Maxixcatzin and Xicohtencatl. There are still fragments of murals depicting the baptism of Jesus, the Three Wise Men and of God, the Father, surrounded by angels playing musical instruments. Adjoining this is the Tizatlán archeological site, in which still remain six semicircular columns, two altars with paintings similar to those of the Borgia Codex, where the gods Tezcatlipoca and Tlahuizcalpantecutli appear.[39]

The Chapel of the Well of the Miraculous Water (Capilla del Pocito de Agua Milagrosa) is a small building at a fresh water spring. It began as a wall built to protect the spring at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. The chapel building dates from between 1892 and 1896 but the entrance arch is older. It has an octagonal layout. One of the walls contains an oil by Isauro G. Cervantes from 1913 and the rest of the walls have murals with Biblical scenes related to water done by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin and Pedro Avelino. Traditionally, red pottery ducks are sold in the small atrium as object of devotion or for healing.[40]

The Chapel of San Nicolasito was originally constructed of wood in the 16th century dedicated to Nicholas of Tolentino. In the 19th century the chapel was reconstructed to what is now one of the side chapels. Little by little it was enlarged to its present size.[41]

The San Esteban Temple was constructed from sandstone in the 20th century in Neoclassical style. Its atrium serves as a cemetery and its interior has a mural depicting the baptism of the four indigenous lords of Tlaxcala in the 16th century.[42]

The San Buenaventura Atempan hermitage was constructed around the time that Cortés was building the brigantines to invade Tenochtitlan. At that time, the structure was in a very rural area. Over the centuries it was abandoned and crumbled with only some of the walls remaining. Some of its images and other objects can now be found at a new temple nearby.[43]

Events

[Carnival parade 2017] The city celebrates Carnival starting the Friday before Ash Wednesday, with the burning of an effigy to represent “bad humor” accompanied by funeral music. The following day, the queen of the carnival is selected. The main parade with floats occurs on Tuesday. During the long weekend there are various other events such as dance contests and recitals of traditional dace such as that of the Huehues from the community of Acuitlapilco. On Ash Wednesday, ceremonies end with a hanging of an effigy called “La Octava del Carnaval” Often the image is satirical, and of a person considered worthy of criticism.[44]

The Feria de Todos Santos is an important event, dedicated to the agriculture, handcrafts and industry of the state. It also has cultural events such as concerts, art exhibits and dance as well as regional food and an inaugural parade.[45]

The municipality

[City Hall façade] The city is the governing authority for itself and fifteen other communities, forming a territory of .[46][47] It is located in the south of the state, where most of the population is concentrated. It borders the municipalities of Totolac, Apetatitlán de Antonio Carvajal, Tepeyanco, Tetlatlahuca, San Damián Texoloc, San Jerónimo Zacualpan, Chiautempan, La Magdalena Tlaltelulco, San Isabel Xiloxoxtla and Panotla The municipal government consists of a municipal president, an officer called a “síndico” and seven representatives called “regidors.”[48]

The municipality has a very low level of socioeconomic marginalization, with no community having a state of medium and high marginalization. There are 23,035 residences .[49]

Significant communities outside the municipal seat include Ocotlán, San Estebán Tizatlán, San Gabriel Cuauhtla, San Hipólito Chimalpa, San Lucas Cuauhtelupan and Santa Maria Acuitlapilco.[50] The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ocotlán was consecrated in 1854 and in 1905 it was declared the parish church of Ocotlán. In 1907, it was declared a collegiate church and in 1957, it became a minor basilica. The church is in Tlaxcalan Baroque style characterized by the use of tile and red brick. The façade is built to look like an altarpiece and topped with a seashell image. The main entrance is an arch flanked by estipite and Salomonic columns with have images of the doctors of the church, as well as the twelve Apostles. Saint Joseph appears in the arch. Above this is a figure representing the Immaculate Conception and Francis of Assisi. Near this is the choral window in the form of a stylized star. The towers were construction in the latter 18th century with arches and vegetative decoration. The cupola contains four mirrors with the cornice covered in gold leaf. The ante-sacristy has five oil paintings by Manuel Caro done in 1781 depicting scenes of some of the Virgin Mary's appearances. The sacristy has a painting of Saint Joseph by Joaquin Magón from 1754. The Guadalupe chapel to the side has lead figures of the Four Evangelists as well as paintings by Miguel Lucas Bedolla and Manuel Yañez. The image of the virgin is in a Baroque chamber decorated in plasterwork by Francisco Miguel Tlayoltehuanitzin between 1715 and 1740 and eight Salomonic columns.[51]

Geography and environment

[Zahuapan River over Tlaxcala] The city is located in the central Mexican highlands above sea level, in a valley of the same name, from which the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes can be seen in the distance.[52][53] The main elevations in the municipality are El Cerro Ostol at and El Cerro Tepepan at .[54]

The main river in the municipality is the Zahuapan, which is part of the Balsas River region and the basin of the Atoyac River. Other rivers include the Huizcalotla, Negros, Tlacuetla and Lixcatlat. There are remnants of the former lake of Acuitlapilco as well. Other sources of fresh water include a spring in Acuitlapilco and a stream in Tepehitec which runs during the rainy season.[55]

The climate is a temperate subtropical highland climate, which is semi-moist with most rain in the summer. The average annual high temperatures is and the average low is .[56]

The higher elevations of the municipality have forests of pine, holm oak and white cedar. The mid range elevations are mostly secondary vegetation dominated by bush and low growing trees. The flat areas are dominated by a number of dry tolerate plants such as agave, nopal cactus and grasses. Because of the expansion of the urban area, the municipally only has small mammals such as rabbits, squirrels and opossums, along with some species of birds and reptiles as wildlife.[57]

Main milestones

File:Ayuntamiento de la Cd. de Tlaxcala.JPG|City Hall complex File:Calle de Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl - Mayo 2019 (1).jpg| File:Street in Tlaxcala city in 2008.jpg| File:Teatro Xicoténcatl, exterior.jpg|Xicotencatl Theatre File:Museo de la Memoria en Tlaxcala.jpg|Museum of the Memory File:Plaza de Toros Jorge el “Ranchero” Aguilar.jpg|The bullring "Jorge “Rancher” Aguilar" and church File:Templo del Buen Vecino 02.JPG|Del Buen Vecino Church File:Fachada y atrio Ex Convento de San Francisco de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora.JPG|First convent in the continental Americas in Tlaxcala, named for the Assumption File:Carrera por la familia en Tlaxcala.jpg|Aqueduct File:Río Zahuapan en Tlaxcala.jpg|Zahuapan River, channeled by the Spanish File:Piñatas on Independencia Street in the city of Tlaxcala.jpg| File:Centro, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, Tlax., Mexico - panoramio (77).jpg|Escalinatas de los Héroes File:Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg%7CStatue of Tlahuicole

Twin towns and sister cities

-   Salé (Morocco), 1997.[58][59]
-   Medellín (Spain), 1997.[60]
-   Munébrega (Spain), 1997.[61]
-   Pamplona (Spain), 2005.[62]
-   Incheon (South Korea), 2007.[63][64]
-   Saltillo (Mexico), 2009.[65][66]
-   Villa de Álvarez (Mexico), 2010.[67][68]
-   Chilpancingo (Mexico), 2010.[69]
-   Ixtaczoquitlán (Mexico), 2012.[70][71]

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title: Tlaxcala City

question: Explain Tlaxcala City's connection to Catholicism in this article.

answer: The Spanish arrived in the early 16th century and brought Catholicism with them. After the end of the Spanish conquest, the Europeans selected Tlaxcala City as a center for religious evangelism. From that time onward, the Catholic faith has been a part of the city, including through the building of a nearby monastary, though it eventually lost its status as a diocese due to population decline.

question: What is the purpose of the flower wars?

answer: The flower wars aimed to conquer opposing soldiers for ritual sacrifice.

question: What is the main point of paragraph 12?

answer: To describe the appearance and brief history of the city center.

question: Explain how the city celebrates the Carnival.

answer: It starts the Friday before Ash Wednesday by burning an effigy representing bad humor, along with funeral music. On Saturday, a Carnival queen is selected. On Tuesday is the main parade which includes floats. There are other associated activities, such as dancing and recitals.


text:
JOYCE HOLDEN (born JO ANN HECKERT, September 1, 1930) is an American retired film and television actress.

Early years

Holden was born in Kansas City, Missouri.[1] The daughter of Mr. and Mrs. D.P. Heckert, she is of Swedish, English, German and Dutch ancestry.[2]

As a teenager, she modeled at a department store and used her drawing abilities to win a scholarship to the Kansas City Art Institute. In the summer before Holden's senior year in high school, she and her brother went with their mother to Los Angeles, intending to spend two weeks' vacation there. Instead, they stayed, and she attended Hollywood High School her senior year. She went on to study at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).[3]

Film

Holden's screen debut was in Universal-International's _The Milkman_ (1950). Her other films included _Iron Man_ (1951), _Bronco Buster_,[4] _Girls in the Night_ (1953) and _You Never Can Tell_ (1951).[5]

In 1958, she retired from acting after having appeared in 13 films. Lee Cozad wrote in the book _More Magnificent Mountain Movies_, “Holden found herself in a Hollywood that was awash with young brunette starlets and subsequently hung on for a couple of years, playing bit parts in 'A' movies and a few leads in 'B' pictures.”[6]

In a 1952 newspaper column distributed by Newspaper Enterprise Association, Holden attributed the difficulties in her film career to the fact that she started in comedy films. “It's murder when a young actress is stamped as a comedienne in Hollywood,” she said. “My big mistake was in showing I had a comedy flair. There's no chance in Hollywood for an actress who starts out in comedy. You graduate into it.” [7]

Television

Holden was a regular on _The Donald O'Connor Show_ (1954-1955).[8] She also appeared in the _Spin and Marty_ segment on _The Mickey Mouse Club_.[9]

Personal life

On June 16, 1951, Holden married song writer Arnold Stanford in Las Vegas, Nevada. They were divorced on October 31, 1955.[10]

She wed her second husband, industrial real estate broker David Mannhalter, in 1958. The couple are active members of the Jehovah's Witnesses.[11]

[1]

[2] Profile, imdb.com; accessed April 30, 2017.

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Terrace, Vincent (2011). _Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010_. McFarland & Company, Inc. . P. 276.

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Joyce Holden

question: Where was Holden born?

answer: Joyce Holden was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

question: Which was Holden's debut film?

answer: The Milkman (1950)

question: Name a few films she has acted in.

answer: Iron Man, Bronco Buster, Girls in the Night, and You Never Can Tell.

question: How many films has Joyce acted in throughout her acting career?

answer: 13 films.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Joyce Holden, an American retired film and television actress, made her debut in cinema with the film - The Milkman. Holden was born in Kansas City and studied at the University of California, Los Angeles.

The actress has worked in 13 films throughout her career before retiring in 1958. She was quite regularly seen on The Donald O'Connor Show and also appeared in the SPin and Marty segment on The Mickey Mouse Club.

Holden is married to an industrial real estate broker, David Mannhalter, since 1958.


text:
[Nikolai Abramowitsch Fürst Putjatin] [Putjatinsche Landhaus 1811] [Putjatinsche Landhaus 1837] [Mausoleum] Prince NIKOLAI ABRAMOVICH PUTYATIN (), also romanized Putiatin, Puttiatin or Poutiatine (16 May 1749 – 13 January 1830) was a philanthropist, philosopher and eccentric personality from the Rurikid dynasty.

Life

Born in Kiev, Prince Putyatin joined the Russian army early in his life. After having to oversee a brutal punishment as an officer, he left the service. He learned about architecture and garden arts, and contributed to the Gardens of Tsarskoye Selo. His talent and technical skills earned him a supervising position for public buildings at the court in Saint Petersburg. He was later promoted to Kammerherr and Geheimrat at the imperial court.

There he met and fell in love with Elisabeth von Sievers, the daughter of the court's chamberlain Karl von Sievers. Her husband was the influential Russian governor Jacob Johann von Sievers, a relative and protégé of her father. The long-lasting love affair culminated in 1778 into a scandal at the court, followed by her divorce and marriage to Putyatin.

Elisabeth von Sievers had three daughters: Cathinca (born 1770), Benedicta (born 1773) and Elisabeth (born 1776). Her divorce allowed her only to keep Benedicta with her. It is likely that the new couple had to commit to keep the new marriage free of new children, as new legitimate heirs would have endangered the heritage of the two daughters, who remained with Jacob Johann von Sievers. The couple and Benedicta left the Russian court and traveled several years throughout Europe.

In 1797 the family settled in Kleinzschachwitz near Dresden. It was there, that the prince built, based on his own plans, his “Chaumière”, an extravagant villa with 16 balconies, a minarett-like tower, many swings and a gondola in the gardens. The place with its highly decorated park, full of grottos and ruins, was open to the public and known beyond the region.

Putyatin rests, along with his wife († 1818) and stepdaughter († 1799), in a self-designed mausoleum in Dessau. Considering the date of her birth and the loving poems dedicated to Benedicta, she could very well have been his (secret) daughter.

Putyatin's only heir was Gottlob Wassily von Freymann (born October 18, 1780, in St. Petersburg). Freymann was raised an orphan, supported by the prince. Among other things, Putyatin bought him the Rittergut Großzschachwitz, a noble seat close to the Chaumière. - The heritage was greatly reduced due to the earlier transfer of the mother's possessions to the daughters and gifts to the servants. The paperwork that Putyatin left behind, convinced Freymann that he was in fact the couple's son. Putyatin was unable to share this with him during his lifetime. The prince suffered greatly unter this, but felt bound by his word of honor.

Prince Putyatin is still remembered in Dresden as a generous, free thinking, lovable eccentric personality. In 1997 a monument was dedicated to him in Kleinzschachwitz.

Peculiarities

Putyatin was full of inventions and ideas. He equipped his coach with bellows to get some cool air in the summer. His sled had a built-in oven for the winter. He invented a sugar saw, used wooden masks for wind protection and extended his umbrella with sidewalls. He was also an early protagonist of nudism, and opposed to wearing pants. Putyatin was active in music and poetry, and known as an outspoken philosopher.

Buildings

-   Villa and park in Kleinzschachwitz
-   School house in Kleinzschachwitz (today: „Putjatinhaus“)
-   Playground (Play temple)
-   Mausoleum in Dessau (at the “Neue Begräbnisplatz”)

Philosophical Work

-   Worte aus dem Buche der Bücher, published by A. W. Tappe, Dresden 1824.

Putjatin was strongly opposed to modern French philosophers of his time such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Marquis de Condorcet, Denis Diderot, Jean le Rond d'Alembert and other French encyclopaedists. - He was in close contact with Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, and became a friend of Johann Gottfried Herder in his last year.

Literature

-   Wilhelm HOSÄUS, Fürst Putiatin, 1749–1830, in Mitteilungen des Vereins für Anhaltische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (MittVAGA)3, 1883, S. 461
-   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon. Altenburg 41857-1865, Band 13, S. 707.
-   Rudolph von Kyaw, _Fürst Putjatin in Klein-Zschachwitz_, Wissenschaftliche Beilage der Leipziger Zeitung, Nr.90, Sonntag 10. November 1878
-   Rudolph von Kyaw, _Fürst Putiatin, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte von Klein-Zschachwitz_, Dresden, Officin von Wilhelm Baensch, 1883.

Mentioned in

-   Wilhelm von Kügelgen: _Lebenserinnerungen eines alten Mannes_ available via _Zelebritäten_ and _Die Rückkehr des Königs_
-   J. P. Eckermann: _Gespräche mit Goethe_
-   Karl Ludwig Blum, _Ein russischer Staatsmann, Denkwürdigkeiten des Grafen von Sievers_, Leipzig 1857–58, 4 Bände
-   Karl Ludwig Blum: _Graf Jacob Johann von Sievers und Russland zu dessen Zeit_. Leipzig; Heidelberg: Winter, 1864.
-   Kai Wenzel und Marius Winzler (Herausgeber), _Franz Gareis (1775–1803). Zum Maler geboren. Gemälde, Zeichnungen und Druckgrafik eines Wegbereiters der deutschen Romantik_, Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz 2003, _(mit Porträts)_
-   Jürgen-Detlev Freiherr von Uexküll, _Armeen und Amouren- Ein Tagebuch aus Napoleonischer Zeit von Boris Uexküll_, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1965

title: Nikolai Putyatin

question: What does the text say about why Putyatin could not reveal to Freymann that he was his son when he was still alive?


text:
I’m in a large rolling field filled with dandelions. A small path runs across the field and disappears in the hills. Like the one I used to play in as a child.  Except, I’m not a child here, I’m twenty.

Has it really been that long since I’ve left for the city?  I guess it has.  Amazing how fast and unnoticed time passes by when we’re too busy pleasing society’s expectations.  Wait, how did I even get here?  I don’t remember coming back here…
The weather is what most people, including myself, would call the perfect weather.  The sun kisses the hills with its warm rays.  The wind blowing a gentle breeze through my hair and pressing my plain white T and jeans against me.

Suddenly, I hear a voice in the distance.  A soft voice, a female voice.  It has a kind of warmness to it, something I can’t quite put my finger on.

I can hear her call my name: “Charlie!  Charlie!”

I turn around to see where it’s coming from. Then I see her, sitting on the swing, gently swaying in the wind.  She looks up and waves at me. I wave back and start walking in her direction.  She’s wearing a simple white dress that goes down just above her knees.  It presses against her body as the breeze blows against her, pushing her long brown hair with it.

Who is this girl? I think to myself, have I met her before?  I feel like I have, but can’t remember her from anywhere.  Her name, it’s floating on the tip of my tongue, but doesn’t quite sink into my head.  Emma? Emily?  Ugh, why can’t I think of it!

As I get closer I get angrier with myself for forgetting her name.  I look up at the hill where she stands and I see her looking at her feet, like a shy little girl.  Finally, I stand in front of her.  She slides herself off the swing, and looks up at me.  And all my anger, all my worries and woes, everything that has ever troubled me, disappears instantly.  Suddenly I feel free, like someone just broke the shackles that kept me from being happy.

The light of the sun was shining on her face.  Her small thin lips wore a shy smile as her eyes looked into mine.  I had never seen such beautiful eyes, full of tenderness and warmth, masked in their deep earthy green colour.  It felt as if her eyes were looking not into mine, but into my soul.  As if, just by looking into my eyes, she could tell who I was really.  Just another lost soul searching for answers to questions it didn’t even know it was asking.  Strangely, it felt like all these answers, were no longer important, because she was the answer.

“Hi Charlie,” she says, smiling and holding her hands together in back of her.

I immediately drop my gaze to the ground and say, “Umm. Hey.”

“Isn’t it pretty, Charlie?” she’s looking out the field now, “All the dandelions, dancing in the wind to the rhythm of the wind. Dancing for us like we were their private audience.”

“Ya, sure.  It certainly is a beautiful site.  Something great artists chase to do justice in their paintings, but can never get it just right.”

“Mhm,” she nods, “it’s the things that people take for granted that are of the prettiest.  Wouldn’t you agree?” she asked and turns to face me again.

“I guess, sure.”

It really was beautiful to look at.  I’m just not a very poetic guy, words escape me; when I do find the right words, I either can’t express them properly or it’s far too late.  The girls gaze was disarming, and any word my brain could formulate got lost in oblivion almost instantly.

She giggles, “Well, I must go now, goodbye.”

She turns and walks towards the hills.

“Wait!” I scream, “What’s your name?”

She doesn’t stop.  She just giggles again, “Goodbye Charlie.”
Then she’s gone, behind the hill.  I take after her, full sprint, as if my life depended on it.  Everything around me starts to go dark, and cold.  The dandelions dry up nearly instantly and die.  They make a crunch sound under my feet, like stepping on dry hay, as I run in the mysterious girl’s direction.  I finally cross the hill and she’s gone.  There’s nothing in sight, just blackness, a vast oblivion at the edge of the cliff.

I stop running just in time, a few more steps and over the edge I go.  Bent over, my hands on my knees, I try and catch my breath.  I sit down on the hill. “Fuck!” I yell, pounding my hand into the ground, “Fuck, fuck fuckity fuck!”

She’s gone, I think.  She’s gone.  All my worries and woes, sadness, anger, stress come crashing back down onto my shoulders tenfold.  The weight is too much.  Like someone just dropped the world on my shoulders as Zeus did to Atlas.

I start to cry.  All this weight I feel I have to carry on my own.  They start to crush me.

Suddenly I feel a hand on my shoulder and a familiar voice behind me, “You aren’t alone silly.”

Startled, I jump up and trip over myself.  I fall backwards.  I try and grab onto something in a desperate attempt to stay on the ground, but there’s nothing to grab onto.  She’s too far away to take hold of her hand.  And over the edge I go, falling into the abyss...

I shoot up screaming, “AH!”

Breathing heavily like I just ran a marathon.  Beads of sweat running down my face and back.  I look around and realize I’m just home, laying in bed.

title: But a Dream (CCW, first post)

question: What does the text say about the girl?

answer: She's symbolically pure, wearing a white dress in a field of dandelions and riding a swing. The narrator, Charlie, can't remember her name. However, he knows she's important to him in some way. She seems shy but friendly. She leaves without giving a reason, and the whole world succumbs into darkness when she does.

question: What does the story say about Charlie's girlfriend?


text:
With the 2017 World Baseball Classic around the corner, Team Israel has reportedly reached out to Indians second baseman Jason Kipnis, per MLB Network’s Jon Morosi. Tournament rules stipulate that a player’s roster eligibility can be achieved in one of several ways: they were born in the country in question or hold citizenship/permanent legal residence there (or are simply capable of qualifying for citizenship), or one of their parents was born in the country or holds citizenship/permanent legal residence there.

For Kipnis, it’s the latter. Kipnis’ father, Mark Kipnis, is Jewish. That gives Kipnis the status he needs to suit up for Team Israel, despite the fact that he is a practicing Roman Catholic. He has yet to confirm or deny his participation in the competition.

Fifteen players have confirmed for Team Israel so far, including Mets’ infielder/outfielder Ty Kelly and free agents Sam Fuld, Nate Freiman, Jason Marquis and Jeremy Bleich. Per MLB.com’s Chad Thornburg, eight minor leaguers will also appear for the team. Like Kipnis, at least three other major leaguers are eligible for Team Israel’s roster but have yet to accept or decline involvement in the WBC: Dodgers center fielder Joc Pederson, Mariners infielder/outfielder Danny Valencia and free agent left-hander Craig Breslow.

Follow @wcoastfangirl

question: What have the players been contacted by Team Israel not confirmed nor denied their participation?

answer: It is possible they are weighing their options by waiting for an invitation from their country of birth or naturalization.


text:
ANDRZEJ WASILEWICZ (10 March 1951 – 13 December 2016)[1] was a Polish stage and film actor, and film director.

Wasilewicz was born in Białogard in 1951. In 1975, he graduated from PWST in Warsaw. His first major film role came in 1974—as Zenek, Ania's fiancé—in the film _Nie ma mocnych_. Since the 1980s he lived in the U.S. and studied at the Columbia University. Wasilewicz had suffered from Parkinson's disease and died from the disease on December 13, 2016, at a hospital on Long Island, New York. He was 65.[2]

Filmography

-   _Portfel_ (1970) (uncredited)
-   _Niebieskie jak Morze Czarne_ (1971) as a table tennis umpire (uncredited)
-   _Nie ma mocnych_ (1974) as Zenek
-   _Trzecia granica_ (1975) as Andrzej Bukowian
-   _Dziewczyna i chłopak_ (1977) as Tomek's coach
-   _Kochaj albo rzuć_ (1977) as Zenek
-   _Sprawa Gorgonowej_ (1977) as a police officer
-   _Bilet powrotny_ (1978) as a wedding guest
-   _Aria dla atlety_ (1979) as Abs
-   _Racławice_ 1794 (1979)
-   _Wolne chwile_ (1979) as Mikołaj
-   _Najdłuższa wojna nowoczesnej Europy_ (1979–1981) as Hans
-   _Miś_ (1980) as a son seeing his mother to the airport
-   _Dom_ (TV series) (1980) as a steam locomotive worker
-   _Wizja lokalna_ 1901 (1980) as teacher Gardo
-   _Alicja_ (1982) as a gangster
-   _Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku_ (1997) as a “Klient” witch loppers

[1]

[2]

title: Andrzej Wasilewicz

question: Where was Wasilewicz born?

answer: Wasilewicz was born in Bialogard.

question: When did he debut in cinemas?

answer: He debuted in cinemas in 1974.

question: Which was Wasilewicz's debut film?

answer: Wasilewicz's debut film was Nie ma mocnych.

question: When did Wasilewicz die? And how?

answer: He suffered from Parkinson's disease and died from the disease in December 2016.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer:
Andrzej Wasilewicz was a Polish actor. He debuted in cinemas in 1974 in the film Nie ma mocnych, as Ania's fiancé.

He lived in the U.S. since the 1980s. Wasilewicz suffered from Parkinson's disease and died of the disease on 13 December 2016.


text:
With the current geopolitical scenario, We expect Nifty to trade range-bound between 10600 - 10950

[Stock markets]

Share

-
-
-

Written By

Source

DNA

Updated: Feb 28, 2019, 05:50 AM IST

1. BULL MARKET OR BEAR MARKET?

Likely to be a bear market since a formation of Dark cloud cover indicates resistance on the upside. We may see selling pressure at levels of 10840 – 10830.

2. STOCKS LIKELY TO BE IN LIMELIGHT?

Stocks like Bharti Airtel, ICICI Pru, L&T, ACC, and Ultratech are expected to be in limelight.

3. SECTORS LIKELY TO IMPACT MARKET

Financials, Pvt. Banks,  IT and Pharma will be the sectors that are likely to impact the market.

4. YOUR MID-TERM VIEW?

With the current geopolitical scenario, We expect Nifty to trade range-bound between 10600 - 10950.

5. WHAT DROVE MARKETS TODAY?

It was the rise in VIX for the second consecutive day which is up now 26% as investors rush to hedge and add puts.

MUSTAFA NADEEM_, CEO, Epic Research for Quick5 column._

-   Nifty
-   India Business Report
-   Bharti Airtel
-   L&T
-   ICICI Prudential
-   Quick 5
-   Mustafa Nadeem

question: What's the difference between a bull market and a bear market?

answer: Not specified, but it has something to do with 'selling pressure levels' and 'dark cloud cover'.

question: Would this be helpful to someone who knows about stocks.

answer: Almost certainly.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A short list of questions regarding the stock market.


text:
The 2007 CALDER CUP PLAYOFFS of the American Hockey League began on April 18, 2007. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-7 series for division semifinals, finals and conference finals. The conference champions played a best-of-7 series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on June 7, 2007 with the Hamilton Bulldogs defeating the Hershey Bears four games to one to win the first Calder Cup in team history.[1] This was a rematch of the 1997 Calder Cup Final, where Hershey defeated Hamilton in five games.[2]

Carey Price won the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as playoff MVP, and became only the third teenage goaltender to lead his team to a Calder Cup championship in AHL history.[3]

Playoff seeds

After the 2006–07 AHL regular season, 16 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. However, it was possible for the fifth-placed team in the West Division to take the spot of the fourth-placed team in the North Division if they earned more points, since the North Division had one fewer team. This did not occur as the Grand Rapids Griffins, the fourth-placed team in the North Division finished with 85 points while the Peoria Rivermen, the fifth-placed team in the West Division, finished with 84 points. The Hershey Bears were the Eastern Conference regular season champions as well as the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners with the best overall regular season record. The Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights were the Western Conference regular season champions.[4]

Eastern Conference

Atlantic Division

1.  Manchester Monarchs – 110 points
2.  Hartford Wolf Pack – 98 points
3.  Providence Bruins – 94 points
4.  Worcester Sharks – 93 points

East Division

1.  Hershey Bears – Eastern Conference regular season champions; Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners, 114 points
2.  Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins – 108 points
3.  Norfolk Admirals – 108 points
4.  Albany River Rats – 81 points

Western Conference

North Division

1.  Manitoba Moose – 102 points
2.  Rochester Americans – 98 points
3.  Hamilton Bulldogs – 95 points
4.  Grand Rapids Griffins – 85 points

West Division

1.  Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights – Western Conference regular season champions, 104 points
2.  Chicago Wolves – 101 points
3.  Milwaukee Admirals – 96 points
4.  Iowa Stars – 88 points

Bracket

In each round the higher seed receives home ice advantage, meaning they can play a maximum of four home games if the series reaches seven games. There is no set series format for each series due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations.[5]

Division Semifinals

    Note 1: _All times are in Eastern Time (UTC−4)._
    Note 2: _Game times in italics signify games to be played only if necessary._
    Note 3: _Home team is listed first._

Eastern Conference

Atlantic Division

(A1) Manchester Monarchs vs. (A4) Worcester Sharks

(A2) Hartford Wolf Pack vs. (A3) Providence Bruins

East Division

(E1) Hershey Bears vs. (E4) Albany River Rats

(E2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (E3) Norfolk Admirals

Western Conference

North Division

(N1) Manitoba Moose vs. (N4) Grand Rapids Griffins

(N2) Rochester Americans vs. (N3) Hamilton Bulldogs

West Division

(W1) Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights vs. (W4) Iowa Stars

(W2) Chicago Wolves vs. (W3) Milwaukee Admirals

Division Finals

Eastern Conference

Atlantic Division

(A1) Manchester Monarchs vs. (A3) Providence Bruins

East Division

(E1) Hershey Bears vs. (E2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins

Western Conference

North Division

(N1) Manitoba Moose vs. (N3) Hamilton Bulldogs

West Division

(W2) Chicago Wolves vs. (W4) Iowa Stars

Conference finals

Eastern Conference

(E1) Hershey Bears vs. (A1) Manchester Monarchs

Western Conference

(W2) Chicago Wolves vs. (N3) Hamilton Bulldogs

Calder Cup Final

(E1) Hershey Bears vs. (N3) Hamilton Bulldogs

[1] Dogged determination _caldercup.com_. Retrieved on April 27, 2008

[2] 1997 Calder Cup Playoffs _caldercup.com_. Retrieved on April 27, 2008

[3] Bulldogs win Calder Cup! _hamiltonbulldogs.com_. Retrieved on May 5, 2008

[4] [http://stats.theahl.com/stats/statdisplay.php?type=standings&subType=0&season_id=8&league_id=4&lastActive= 2006-07 AHL Standings] _theahl.com_. Retrieved on April 27, 2008

[5] Frequently asked questions _theahl.com_. Retrieved on May 12, 2008.

title: 2007 Calder Cup playoffs

question: What does the article say about the rules of the competition?

answer: There are two divisions played in a league style for points. The top four teams from the two divisions in each conference qualify for the playoffs. However, the fifth-placed team in the West division can advance to the playoffs if they get more points than the fourth-placed team in the North division. That is because the West division has one more team than the North division. Each conference holds its semi-final and final matches before the conference finals are played. Each match-up in these finals is a best-of-7 series. The higher-seeded team in each round receives the home advantage, playing up to four of their matches in their arena.

question: What does the text say about the popularity of AHL?