text:
[]I must admit, before my trip to New Zealand over the holidays I had never heard of the Mormon Maori prophecies.  I knew that there are many Polynesian church members.  I was aware that the most popular religion in the island of Molokai (the spiritual center of Hawaii) is Mormonism, and that there are many Samoan and Tongan church members.  As for the Maori, I knew that they were Pacific Islanders.  I knew the men danced the haka and the women danced with poi balls.  I knew that they once practiced cannibalism (_practice makes perfect!_) and were considered fierce by early European seafarers who visited the islands.  I knew that one of their greetings (touching foreheads and sharing a breath) is similar to the Eskimos (rubbing noses).

So I was not a _complete_ noob.  And yet, I had no idea that many Maori converted to Mormonism in the 1880s.  In the early days, 90% of the membership in New Zealand were Maori.  Even as recently as the mid-90s, 60% of church members in New Zealand were Maori.  We attended church twice when we were there; in Hamilton I would estimate 60-70% of the ward were Maori.  The Queenstown Branch had only six local members in attendance, two of whom were Maori.

WHAT ARE THE MAORI MORMON PROPHECIES?

[Maoris Greeting Performed by Maori and a Visitor, at the Mormon-Sponsored Polynesian Culture Center Premium Photographic Print]Here’s a quick primer on the Maori prophecies for my fellow novices.  Maori families are patriarchal and elder members of the extended families are often considered to be prophets.  While many Maori had converted to Christian sects as a result of European missionary efforts, some were unsatisfied with their standing in these new religious communities.

-   Potangaroa was a Maori prophet.  In March 1881, he spoke in a gathering of several thousand Maori family members.  When he was asked what the right church was for the Maori, he fasted and prayed for three days.  Then he returned and said:  “You will recognize it when it comes. Its missionaries will travel in pairs. They will come from the rising sun. They will visit with us in our homes. They will learn our language and teach us the gospel in our own tongue. When they pray they will raise their right hands.”
-   Tawhiao was a Maori king, leader of the Waikato tribes who died in 1894.  In the 1880s, a newspaper quoted Tāwhiao as claiming a belief in Mormonism: “I was some time ago converted to a belief in the Mormon faith, and I now altogether hold to it. My people in the North are believers also in Mormonism, and it is my wish that all the Maori should be of that faith.”  While it’s recorded that he met with LDS missionaries along with other Maori leaders, the church has no record of Tāwhiao being baptized.  Other Māori joined the Church based on a prophecy they claimed Tāwhiao made in the 1860s—that messengers of God would come from over the Sea of Kiwa (the Pacific Ocean), traveling in pairs and teaching the Māori people in their own language. When some who heard Tāwhiao’s prophecy observed pairs of Mormon missionaries from the US teaching in the Maori language, they immediately accepted Mormonism.  It was also claimed by some Māori converts that Tāwhiao accurately predicted the site of the Church’s Hamilton New Zealand temple, built in 1958.
-   In 1830, a patriarch named Arama Toiroa told his extended family: “‘There will come to you a true form of worship; it will be brought from the east, even from beyond the heavens. It will be brought across the great ocean and you will hear of it coming to Poneke (Wellington) and afterwards its representatives will come to Te Mahia. They will then go northward to Waiapu but will return to Te Mahia.  When this Karakia (religion), is introduced amongst you, you will know it, for one shall stand and raise both hands to heaven.  When you see this sign, enter into that church. Many of you will join the church and afterwards one will go from amongst you the same way that the ministers came even unto the land from afar off.”  In 1884, two missionaries followed the path that Arama Toiroa had described.  According to Brother Whaanga: “In journeying northward they reached … Korongata, where many of us were assembled on the Sabbath day. Amongst the people who were there was a grandson of Arama Toiroa whose name was Te Teira Marutu. The meeting was conducted by Elder Stewart and his friends. The services were opened with singing and prayer, and a Gospel address was delivered, after which they sang again, and Brother Stewart arose to dismiss with prayer. In doing so he raised both hands and invoked God’s blessing upon the people.  As soon as the grandson of Arama Toiroa saw this he arose and declared that this was the church of which his forefather prophesied which would surely be firmly established amongst the Maori people.”

Before we get too excited about the uniqueness of these prophecies, Wikipedia also notes that Maori converts to other faiths also joined due to familial prophecies.  These faiths include the Ratana church, founded by Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana; the Ringatu church, founded by Te Kooti; and the Church of the Seven Rules of Jehovah, founded by Simon Patete.

WHERE HAVE ALL THE MAORI GONE?

[]Ex-Mormon discussion boards point out that many Maori have fallen away from the LDS church, although based on my own experience, there are still more Maori overall than Pakeha (white) members in New Zealand.  Apparently, many Maori converts came to believe they were descendents of Hagoth’s people in the Book of Mormon.  Is there any reason to believe the Polynesians or Maori are descendents from Hagoth or from Israel?  Gina Colvin of Patheos discusses the origin of this idea in her post “What Ever Happened to Hagoth?”:

  The Mormon’s [sic] weren’t the first people to  come up with this idea of a semitic origin for Māori.  Samuel Marsden, the first CMS missionary to New Zealand was touting it back in 1814.  This idea of being ancestrally related to an oppressed class of Israelites roaming landless in the wilderness was a compelling one,  particularly when settlers began appropriating Māori land through legislative violation in the 19th century.  Māori adaptations of the Christian/biblical tradition were extraordinary and are worth studying in their own right.  But the Mormons bought their own brand of relevance to their 19th century Christian preachings.  Not to be outdone by the Anglicans, Methodists,  Ratana  and Ringatu,  the missionaries adapted the story of the Book of Mormon to give  it some compelling local relevance.  In doing so they hit on the story of Hagoth.  A 55BC ship builder who sailed off the coast of America never to be heard of again.

She concludes that the DNA, culture, and linguistics don’t point to Israel:

  So I grew up feeling somewhat proud of Native American connections and studied Thor Heyerdahl  and those of his ilk religiously in my 20’s.  Yet this active pursuit of an understanding as to the ancestral origins of Māori has not over the intervening years lead me to Israel or South America at all, rather it has lead me to the Lapita culture of the Bismark Archipelago, to Melanesia, a West- East migration from Asia (including Taiwan) to  Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. And an eventual migration from Eastern Polynesia where the roots of the typically Māori material and linguistic culture began to take hold.

[See full size image]Likewise, the migratory timelines are an obvious mismatch for New Zealand specifically as the Maori only populated the islands 800 years ago, about 1250 years too late for Hagoth, but just in time to conquer the people who were there before them, of whom we know little (well, our taxi driver in Rotorua claimed to know a little).  There are many Polynesian members who see themselves as descendents of the Book of Mormon people, and there are statements from prominent church leaders promoting the same claim.  These statements are taken very seriously by converts who see themselves in the stories of the church.  When science doesn’t support the claim, some leave.  On the other hand, apologists claim the science is complex.  And we also have the Malay theory of the Book of Mormon that has been discussed here, here and here.  If the Book of Mormon took place in an Asian setting, the Polynesian connection is restored (as well as resolving issues of geography, steel, horses, and elephants).

[]

Ironically, facial tattoos indicate spiritual achievement in Maori culture, but were considered against the Word of Wisdom.

Marjorie Newton provides an in-depth look at the history of the LDS church in New Zealand in her book “_Tiki and Temple: The Mormon Mission in New Zealand, 1854–1958.”  _Her book points out that these prophecies were not universally accepted as referring to the Mormon faith.  She also notes that many Maori converts were unwilling to forsake their own healing traditions for the laying on of hands done by the Pakeha elders.  She also reveals that much success was owing to Hirini Whaanga, a Maori convert and immigrant to Utah in the 1890s who returned to New Zealand to preach to his native people.  Other Maori cultural practices caused new members to feel conflicted between loyalty to their heritage and their new faith, including the practice of facial tatoos:

  These tattoos had hereditary meaning for the Maori and signaled their rank and status within the community. Mormon missionaries, however, believed that they violated the Word of Wisdom and sought to discipline any member who received the tattoos after baptism or augmented already existing ones. The frequency with which such transgressions occurred, however, forced missionaries to treat the tattoos cautiously. One woman whom a local Maori branch leader had excommunicated had her sentence remitted to a simple act of public confession.

Louis Midgley describes his experiences teaching Maori during his New Zealand mission in the 1950s, and in specific how they responded to the Book of Mormon:

  The Maori read the Book of Mormon differently than I did. I was anxious to find proof texts and was busy harmonizing its teachings with what I understood to be correct doctrinal teaching back in Utah. The Maori, in contrast, saw it as a tragic story of families in conflict and subtribes and tribes quarreling with each other and bent on revenge for personal insults and factional quarrels. They looked more at the larger patterns of events and less at what might be construed from particular verses. They saw stories of ambitious rivals to traditional authority trying to carve out positions of power and territory for themselves. They perceived how ambition led to quarrels within families and between extended families and tribes. They understood the atonement as an exchange of gifts between our Heavenly Father and his children, somewhat in the way their own relationships were marked by reciprocal acts of hospitality as manifestations of love.

[]

Jemaine Clements is not a Mormon; his mother is Maori, though.*

He elaborates that in teaching Maori families, many of whom did not convert (although nearly all were welcoming and inviting), they gave their reasons for not committing to the new faith:

  They explained that their problems were not with our message but with sin. I was stunned by their candor. They explained in painful detail that they were too weak, too addicted to beer or other vices, to join the church. They pointed out that they were very much like the people described in the Book of Mormon; they lacked the spiritual strength to stay on a righteous path for long. In fact, they saw the Nephite book as a description of their own situation, and they saw themselves as, at least partially and in some way, descendants of Lehi’s colony in America.

What do you think?

-   Are the Maori of Israelite descent, or was this wishful thinking and proof texting on the part of early converts and zealous missionaries?
-   Were church leaders’ statements just cultural artifacts based on their own understanding or were they prophetic pronouncements?
-   Were the Maori prophecies messages from God about the truth of the Mormon church or did the Maori imagine the connections to Mormonism to be stronger than they were?  Were the prophecies so vague as to be meaningless?
-   Is this an example of why signs and “proof” are not good methods of conversion and ultimately fail to change hearts?  Or is God’s hand evident in the Maori prophecies, and while the spirit is willing the flesh is weak?
-   Did cultural factors – heritage vs. new faith – cause Maori to leave the LDS church?  Does the church still need to be more culturally sensitive to the traditions of converts or have we learned this lesson the hard way?

Discuss.

_*Jemaine Clement of Flight of the Conchords. Incidentally, if you go to the Rotorua Museum and see the introductory film (which is so frequently unintentionally hilarious that I began to question if it was intentional) that’s Bret McKenzie in the role of volcano victim Edward Bainbridge.  That dude is everywhere in New Zealand!  (He is also FIGWIT in LOTR)._

_**This post was originally published at Wheat & Tares._

question: Who was Potangaroa?

answer: Potangaroa was a Maori prophet who gave a prophecy about which church was right for the Maori.

question: Who was the first to propose the Maori were descended from Israelites?

answer: Samuel Marsden was the first to propose the Maori were descended from Israelites in 1814.

question: Who did many Maori converts think they were descendants of?

answer: Many Maori thought that they were descendants of Hagoth.

question: Are tattoos allowed in the Mormon faith?

answer: No, tattoos are not allowed in the Mormon faith.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: There is a large proportion of the Maori that have converted to Mormonism. Some people believe that they are long lost Israelites, and others convert because of family prophecies. Maori converts are often at odds with their culture, since tattoos are not allowed in Mormonism but are an integral part of their culture.


split: train

text:
Bad news for cilantro lovers: U.S. officials have implemented a partial ban on imports of the herb after health officials linked hundreds of illnesses to cilantro growing in feces- and toilet paper-covered fields in Mexico.

The Food and Drug Administration announced the seasonal import ban after health officials in Texas and Wisconsin identified cilantro grown in the Mexican state of Puebla as a suspect in separate illness clusters, and investigations of local farms and processing plants turned up unsanitary conditions.

Increasing outbreaks of cyclosporiasis – a parasitic illness that causes diarrhea and explosive bowel movements – linked to the herbs have been reported over the last several years.

Last year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reportedreceiving 304 cases of cyclosporiasis, while Bloomberg reports 205 cases have been identified so far this year.

According to the ban, from April to August 30 of every year fresh cilantro from the Puebla region will be detained at the border and won’t be allowed into the U.S. without inspection and certification.

Several restaurants – including Chipotle and Taco Bell – that use cilantro in their meals tell Bloomberg they don’t expect to be affected by the partial ban. A spokesperson for Chipotle says their cilantro comes from California.

Starting in 2013, the FDA and Mexican authorities began investigating outbreaks of cyclosporiasis by inspecting farms and packing houses in Mexico to determine the conditions and practices that may have resulted in the contamination of cilantro.

In all, the groups inspected 11 farms and packing houses, of those five were linked to the illnesses and investigators observed questionable conditions at three others.

The inspections found, among other things: human feces and toilet paper in growing fields and around facilities; inadequately maintained and supplied toilet and hand washing facilities or a complete lack of toilet and hand washing facilities; food-contact surfaces – such as plastic crates used to transport cilantro or tables where cilantro was cut and bundled – visibly dirty and not washed; and water used for purposes such as washing cilantro vulnerable to contamination from sewage/septic systems.

“Based on those joint investigations, FDA considers that the most likely routes of contamination of fresh cilantro are contact with the parasite shed from the intestinal tract of humans affecting the growing fields, harvesting, processing or packing activities or contamination with the parasite through contaminated irrigation water, contaminated crop protectant sprays, or contaminated wash waters,” the notice states.

At least 304 people in 19 states came down with cyclosporiasis linked to the herbs last year, seven of those people reported being hospitalized, according to the CDC.

Of those cases, 133 were from Texas and 57% of those people reported having eaten fresh cilantro two to 14 days before becoming six. As a result of that outbreak, Texas health officials and the FDA increased sampling of cilantro from Puebla farms.

The previous year, a cyclosporiasis outbreak in 25 states was linked to Puebla cilantro, as well as salad mix from Taylor Farms de Mexico.

CDC and state and local public health partners say they are continuing surveillance to identify and interview additional ill persons to identify other sources of infection.

The Center for Science in the Public Interest expressed their approval of the FDA’s partial ban on imported cilantro from Puebla, but pointed out that the real challenge facing the agency and other agencies is putting in place standards that prevent the conditions found at the Mexican farms in the first place.

“Produce safety standards that will require foreign farms to meet our safety standards and make importers responsible for assuring they do are due out this fall,” senior food safety attorney David Plunkett said in a statement. “That will help, but Congress also must give FDA the resources it needs to do the inspections that are necessary to stop allowing food grown in disgusting conditions like those found in Mexico from making its way onto American dinner plates.”

Import Alert 24-23 [Food & Drug Administration]
Mexican Cilantro Contamination Spurs Partial U.S. Import Ban [Bloomberg]

  Want more consumer news? Visit our parent organization, CONSUMER REPORTS, for the latest on scams, recalls, and other consumer issues.

question: What condition led to the ban on imported cilantro by U.S. officials?

answer: Cilantro being grown in unsanitary conditions in Mexico caused the outbreak of cyclosporiasis in some U.S. states.

question: Which U.S. states were initially affected by the infected herb?

answer: Wisconsin and Texas.

question: What measures did the U.S. officials take to resolve the issue?

answer: All cilantro being imported from the Puebla region would not be allowed into the country without inspection and certification.

question: Why were the farms and packing houses in such deplorable conditions

answer: It might be implied that it was a result of negligence.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The FDA placed a ban on the importation of cilantro due to an outbreak of cyclosporiasis. It was discovered that the herb being imported from the Puebla region in Mexico was being grown and packaged in unsanitary conditions. Up to 25 states were affected by the disease outbreak, and the cause was linked to the Puebla cilantro. Because of this, the U.S. government imposed a ban and insisted that any Puebla-imported cilantro must undergo inspection and certification; otherwise, it would not be allowed into the country. David Plunkett opined that there should be safety standards foreign farms must meet, and importers must take responsibility for assuring they do so. He also said the Congress should supply the FDA with the needed resources to engage in the necessary inspections to prevent food from being grown in unsanitary conditions.


text:
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[]
SPACE SCIENCE

Purdue Calumet Professor To Forge Sword From Meteorite
[]
This iron meteorite was found at Derrick Peak, Antarctica and displays the classic regmaglypts and fusion crust of iron meteorites.

by Wes Lukoshus
 Hammond - March 27, 2001
 Slaying dragons by sword may be the stuff of Dark Ages folklore. But in 21st century America, a Purdue University Calumet engineering professor is doing his part to take the art of "dragon slaying" to a new level.
Sometime this spring, Harvey Abramowitz of Chicago, a metallurgist and associate professor of mechanical engineering, intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer."

Working with colleagues from Northwestern University, Abramowitz' role is to refine iron from a meteorite in a Purdue Calumet metallurgy laboratory for "The Dragonslayer" blade.

"It will be made out of a new metal alloy that will be stronger than any other sword blade," Abramowitz, a New York City native, said about the one-of-a-kind sword. "The idea is to create "The Dragonslayer" in such a way that it is stronger than either a Samurai sword or a Damascus sword - and give it dragon-slaying mythical properties."

Extracting iron from a meteorite to create the blade is intended to enhance the mystical dimension of the sword - thereby increasing the sword's appeal among collectors, said Abramowitz. The plan is to create just one Dragonslayer and auction it off.

"Sword collectors would pay handsomely for such an artifact," said Abramowitz, a 14-year faculty member, who came to Purdue Calumet after having served as a research engineer at Inland Steel.

Beyond the sword's mythical nature, the project has scholarly significance.

"The team that I worked with was able to demonstrate, using a tensile testing machine, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword," Abramowitz said. "Finite element analysis computer modeling of the new alloy blade, done as a senior design project, had predicted this. So (our) team validated the model."

Abramowitz became involved in the project when he spent a sabbatical leave last spring working with Northwestern colleague Greg Olson, who also is chief science officer of QuesTek Innovations, a company actively involved in the computer design and marketing of new alloys.

Abramowitz, whose specialty research fields include materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy, said he became interested in working with Olson. "I read an article in a metallurgical journal about him and thought I would like to work with Greg on some of his projects," he said.

As part of a Steel Research Group headed by Olson, Abramowitz did just that. Among other projects in which he participated were:

-   production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires are imbedded in tin alloys. If the system is placed in tension, eventually the tin alloy will crack. By heating the material, the shape memory alloy filaments, which also had been stretched, return to their original positions, effectively closing the crack. To fully heal the material, it is heated enough so that liquid beads of tin form around the crack. Upon cooling, the tin structure is void of all previously formed cracks;
-   completion of a prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case; and<
-   design of collapsible roller blades.

Abramowitz teaches courses in materials engineering, engineering design and environmental engineering. He also is an industrial consultant.

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SPACE SCIENCE

Canadian Meteorites May Be Oldest Ever Found
 [] Calgary - Oct. 16, 2000
 Researchers at The University of Western Ontario (Western) and the University of Calgary (U of C) -- working with colleagues from Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom -- have found that a meteorite recovered in northern British Columbia may be one of the most primitive solar system materials ever examined.
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question: What does the text say about Abramowitz's contribution to the creation of the strongest broadsword ever made?

answer: Harvey Abramowitz, a Purdue State University engineering professor and a metallurgist, was inspired by dark age folklore and decided to take the art of dragon-slaying to another level. While working with colleagues from Northern University, Harvey refined iron from a meteorite in a Purdue calumet metallurgy lab for the dragonslayer blade. The plan was to make the blade out of a new metal alloy stronger than a Samurai or Damascus sword, equipping it with the dragon-slaying mythical characteristics. The use of iron from a meteorite was intended to enhance the sword's appearance and give it a higher appeal to artifact collectors.

question: What does the text say about how Abramowitz brought the blade to life?

answer: Abramowitz worked with a team to demonstrate with a tensile testing machine that the dragonslayer blade could cut through a hunting knife, just like a Samurai sword. This process was predicted through finite element analysis computer modeling of the new blade.

question: What does the text say about Abramowitz's other projects?

answer: Abramowitz is a research expert in materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy. He also engaged in the completion of a prototype for the redesigning of a rolling catalog case. Abramowitz designed collapsible rollerblades and produced a self-healing alloy composite with thin memory-shaped alloy wires embedded in tin alloys. He is also an industrial consultant and an environmental engineer.

question: What does the text say about the dragonslayer sword?

answer: According to the text, it is a remodeled, redefined broadsword with better modifications than the Samurai and Damascus swords. The dragonslayer sword is made from iron meteorite materials, enhancing its mystical appearance and giving it more appeal.


text:
[The tympanum of the parish church of Cabestany, from which the Master derived his name, showing his characteristic style]

The MASTER OF CABESTANY is the name given to an anonymous sculptor active in the second half of the 12th century. He was identified in the 1930s after the discovery of several pieces remarkable for their workmanship and their style; chief among these was the tympanum of the church in Cabestany in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France, from which he received his name. Subsequent research confirmed the presence of his works in the departments of Aude and Pyrénées-Orientales, as well as in northern Catalonia; examples of his art have also been seen in Tuscany and in Navarre.

Discovery

The sculptor's work was first encountered in the 1930s with the discovery of a Romanesque-style tympanum, found during restoration work at the parish church of Cabestany. The high technical quality of the carving, combined with the originality of the theme drew the interest of scholars of medieval art, who began to compare the sculpture with other known works. They concluded that the carver was an as-yet unknown figure, dubbed the “Master of Cabestany”, who was responsible for sculpting capitals, sarcophagi, and corbels that may still be seen in various religious structures.

In total, 121 sculptures have been attributed to the Master and to his studio. He has also been the subject of numerous studies, in subjects ranging from theology to history and art history. [Capital in the Abbey of Sant'Antimo in Tuscany]

Style

The Master's sculptures share a peculiar style unlike that of most Romanesque sculptors. All of his human figures have low, triangular faces; crushed chins; high, deeply carved ears; almond-shaped eyes with trepanning holes at either end; hands with long, tapering fingers; many folds in the drapery; and a great deal of detailed work identifying the principal figures.

Recent developments

At the start of the 1990s, the town of Cabestany decided to make as much of the sculptor's work as possible available. Also, in 1993, after consultation with the inspector general of historic monuments, the town created a scientific committee composed of eminent French and European figures to select which of the Master's sculptures they found the most important and most representative. With their advice the town initiated the creation of mouldings taken from various works. , over 60 castings had been realized by sculptor Alphonse Snoeck using a method agreed upon by the national director of historic monuments. The castings are made with cast stone which reproduces the same grain and color as may be seen in the originals, making them look identical to the original sculptures.

In 1994 the town acquired an old winemaking cave with over 1,100 metres of surface area; this has served as the home for a center devoted to Romanesque sculpture since June 2004. The center serves three purposes, acting as a museum, education center, and a center for research and study. The museum area shows the permanent collection of castings, complementing them with rooms describing local history, art history, and the history of Romanesque sculpture; the last room showcases examples of other carvers contemporaneous with the Master. The sculpture castings are displayed in various ways, either fixed to the wall or freestanding, and are grouped in thematic displays as well. The museum also explains the historic and artistic contexts of the Master and his work.

Work

[Sarcophagus of Saint Sernin at the Abbey of Saint-Hilaire] [Shaft from the church of San Giovanni In Sugana] The Master's sculptures may be seen in the following locations:

Pyrénées-Orientales (French Catalonia)

-   Cabestany - the tympanum of the parish church of Notre-Dame-des-Anges
-   Monastir del Camp - the capitals of the outer door are attributed to his studio
-   Le Boulou - the frieze on the outer door of the parish church of Sainte-Marie

Catalonia

-   Sant Pere de Rodes - some fragments of the now-destroyed door of the abbey church
-   Girona - some capitals in the abbey church of Sant Pere de Galligants
-   Barcelona - Museu Frederic Marès a relief that was taken away from Sant Pere de Rodes.

Navarre

-   Errondo - the tympanum from the church, which may today be found in The Cloisters of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Aude

-   Rieux-Minervois - the capitals of the church of Saint-Marie; he was also the architect and chief artist of this church
-   Abbey of Saint-Hilaire - the reliquary of Saint Saturnin in the abbey church
-   Abbey of Saint-Papoul - the sculptures in the apse of the abbey church
-   Abbey of Sainte-Marie de Lagrasse - some fragments of the now-destroyed door of the abbey church; some believe these to be products of his studio

Tuscany

-   St. Antimo's Abbey - a capital in the nave of the abbey church depicting Daniel in the lions' den
-   San Giovanni in Sugana - a sculpted column held today at the museum of religious art of San Casciano Val di Pesa
-   Cathedral museum of Prato - the 12th-century zoomorphic capitals found in the cloister

Bibliography

-   COLLECTIF, _Le Maître de Cabestany_, Ed. Zodiaque, 2000.

title: Master of Cabestany

question: Summarize the discovery of the Master of Cabestany.

answer: The Master's work was first discovered in the 1930s with the discovery of a Romanesque-style tympanum found during restoration work at the parish church of Cabestany in southern France. His pieces, a total of 121 sculptures, were noted for their remarkable workmanship and style. Scholars concluded he was an unknown figure, so they dubbed him the "Master of Cabestany".

question: Summarize everything that happened in the 1990s.

answer: In the early 1990s, Cabestany decided to make the sculptor's work as available as possible. In 1993, the town created a scientific committee composed of eminent French and European figures to select which of the Master's sculptures they found to the most important and representative, which were then made into moldings. In 1994, Cabestany acquired a winemaking cave that is now devoted to Romanesque sculpture.

question: What does the text say about where the Master's work has been located?

answer: The Master's work was first found at a church in Cabestany in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. His work had also been found in Aude, Catalonia, Navarre, and Tuscany. His work was mostly found in churches in these areas. Some of his works can now be located in various museums.

question: What does the text say about the Master's collaborators?


text:
[Teach Java in 21 Days]Free download Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days in PDF written by Laura Lemay, Charles L. Perkins and published by Sams.net.

According to the Authors, “This book teaches you all about the Java language and how to use it to create applets and applications. By the time you get through with this book, you’ll know enough about Java to do just about anything, inside an applet or out. This book is intended for people with at least some basic programming background, which includes people with years of programming experience or people with only a small amount of experience. If you understand what variables, loops, and functions are, you’ll be just fine for this book. The sorts of people who might want to read this book include you, if:

-   You’re a real whiz at HTML, understand CGI programming (in perl, Apple Script, Visual Basic, or some other popular CGI language) pretty well, and want to move on to the next level in Web page design.
-   You had some Basic or Pascal in school and you have a basic grasp of what programming is, but you’ve heard Java is easy to learn, really powerful, and very cool.
-   You’ve programmed C and C++ for many years, you’ve heard this Java thing is becoming really popular and you’re wondering what all the fuss is all about.
-   You’ve heard that Java is really good for Web-based applets, and you’re curious about how good it is for creating more general applications.

What if you know programming, but you don’t know object-oriented programming? Fear not. This book assumes no background in object-oriented design. If you know object-oriented programming, in fact, the first couple of days will be easy for you.

This book is intended to be read and absorbed over the course of three weeks. During each week, you’ll read seven chapters that present concepts related to the Java language and the creation of applets and applications.

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days describes Java primarily in its current state—what’s known as the beta API (Application Programming Interface). This is the version of Java that Netscape and other browsers, such as Spyglass’s Mosaic, support. A previous version of Java, the alpha API, was significantly different from the version described in this book, and the two versions are not compatible with each other. There are other books that describe only the alpha API, and there may still be programs and browsers out there that can only run using alpha Java programs.
Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days uses primarily Java beta because that is the version that is most current and is the version that will continue to be used in the future. The alpha API is obsolete and will eventually die out. If you learn Java using beta API, you’ll be much better prepared for any future changes (which will be minor) than if you have to worry about both APIs at once.
Java is still in development. “Beta” means that Java is not complete and that things may change between the time this book is being written and the time you read this. Keep this in mind as you work with Java and with the software you’ll use to create and compile programs. If things aren’t behaving the way you expect, check the Web sites mentioned at the end of this introduction for more information.
Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days covers the Java language and its class libraries in 21 days, organized as three separate weeks. Each week covers a different broad area of developing Java applets and applications.

Table of Contents

1.  An Introduction to Java Programming
2.  Object Oriented Programming and Java
3.  Java Basics
4.  Working with Objects
5.  Arrays, Conditional and Loops
6.  Creating Classes and Applications in Java
7.  More About Methods
8.  Java Applet Basics
9.  Graphics, Fonts and Color
10. Simple Animation and Threads
11. More Animation, Images and Sound
12. Managing Simple Events and Interactivity
13. The Java Abstract Windowing Toolkit
14. Windows, Networking and Other Tidbits
15. Modifiers
16. Packages and Interfaces
17. Exceptions
18. Multi-Threading
19. Streams
20. Native Methods and Libraries
21. Under the Hood

    A. Language Summary

    B. Class Hierarchy Diagrams

    C. The Java Class Library

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You may also like to download JAVA ALL-IN-ONE FOR DUMMIES FOURTH EDITION IN PDF

question: Summarize the conditions under which someone could really learn from this book.

answer: This article posits that someone who has a general solid grasp of CGI programming and excels at html would do well. Basically, anyone who is versed in programming languages but is looking to learn Java would fine this material useful, provided that they have a curiosity. This book also seeks to fill in the gaps in programmers' knowledge when it comes to object-oriented programming, so know what that even is would be ideal upon opening this text.

question: Summarize the history of Java as a programming language.


text:
DHRUPAD is a genre in Hindustani classical music from the Indian subcontinent. It is the oldest style of major vocal styles associated with Hindustani classical music, Haveli Sangeet and also related to the South Indian Carnatic tradition.[1][2] It is a Sanskrit name, derived from the words _dhruva_ (immovable, permanent) and _pada_ (verse), a combination that means “pillar”. The roots of Dhrupad are ancient, and it is discussed in the Hindu Sanskrit text _Natyashastra_ (~200 BCE – 200 CE).[3] It is also described in other ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts, such as chapter 33 of Book 10 in the _Bhagavata Purana_ (~800–1000 CE), where the theories of music and devotional songs for Krishna are summarized.[4] The term denotes both the verse form of the poetry and the style in which it is sung.[5] It is spiritual, heroic, thoughtful, virtuous, embedding moral wisdom or solemn form of song-music combination. Thematic matter ranges from the religious and spiritual (mostly in praise of Hindu deities) to royal panegyrics, musicology and romance.

A Dhrupad has at least four stanzas, called Sthayi (or Asthayi), Antara, Sanchari and Abhoga. The Sthayi part is a melody that uses the middle octave's first tetrachord and the lower octave notes. The Antara part uses the middle octave's second tetrachord and the higher octave notes. The Samcari part is the development phase, which holistically builds using parts of Sthayi and Antara already played, and it uses melodic material built with all the three octave notes. The Abhoga is the concluding section, that brings the listener back to the familiar starting point of Sthayi, albeit with rhythmic variations, with diminished notes like a gentle goodbye, that are ideally mathematical fractions such as (half), (third) or (fourth). Sometimes a fifth stanza called Bhoga is included. Though usually related to philosophical or Bhakti (emotional devotion to a god or goddess) themes, some Dhrupads were composed to praise kings.

The tradition is derived since 14th Century from the saints of Braj (Mathura) namely Swami Haridas, Surdas, Govind Swami, Asht Sakha and followed by Tansen and Baiju Bawara.

History

Dhrupad probably derives from _dhruvapada_ mentioned in _Natyashastra_ to denote structured songs.[6] It is one of the core forms of classical music found all over the Indian subcontinent. The word comes from _Dhruva_ which means immovable and permanent. It is spiritual, heroic, thoughtful, virtuous, embedding moral wisdom or solemn form of song-music combination. The _Yugala Shataka_ of Shri Shribhatta in the _Nimbarka Sampradaya_, written in 1294 CE, contains Dhrupad lyrics.

The earliest source that mentions a musical genre called _Dhrupad_ is Ain-i-Akbari of Abu Fazl (1593).[7] Later works attribute much of the material to musicians in the court of Man Singh Tomar (fl. 1486-1516) of Gwalior.[8] In these accounts from the Mughal court Dhrupad is portrayed as a musical form which is relatively new; and according to Sanyal, most sources agree that Drupad owes its origin to the court of Man Singh Tomar.[9] There is no reference to Dhrupad in Bharat's _Natya Shastra_, commonly dated to the 1st Century AD, and even in _Sangit Ratnakar_, a 13th Century text, taken as authoritative. Ravi Shankar[10] states that the form appeared in the fifteenth century as a development from the _prabandha_, which it replaced. The 16th century Bhakti saint and poet-musician Swami Haridas (also in the _Nimbarka Sampradaya_), was a well known dhrupad singer with songs dedicated to Krishna. It became the court music in the Mughal court with Swami Haridas' pupil Tansen famous, among other things, for his Dhrupad compositions.[11]

Dhrupad is ancient, and another genre of music called Khyal evolved from it. Dhrupad is solemn music, uplifting and heroic, pure and spiritual. Khyal adds ornamental notes, shorter, moody and celebratory.

The ancient practice of dancing on Dhrupad has been reintroduced into recent times by Dr. Puru Dadheech. Dr Dadheech is India's first Kathak dancer to bring back 'Dhrupad' on the formal Kathak stage and this composition in 28 matra.[12]

Nature and practice

Dhrupad as we know it today is performed by a solo singer or a small number of singers in unison to the beat of the _pakhavaj_ or _mridang_ rather than the tabla. The vocalist is usually accompanied by two tanpuras, the players sitting close behind, with the percussionist at the right of the vocalist. Traditionally the primary instrument used for dhrupad has been the Rudra Veena, but the surbahar and the sursringar have also long been used for this music. Preferably, any instrument used for dhrupad should have a deep bass register and long sustain.

Like all Indian classical music, dhrupad is modal and monophonic, with a single melodic line and no chord progression. Each raga has a modal frame - a wealth of micro-tonal ornamentations (_gamak_) are typical.

The text is preceded by a wholly improvised section, the _alap_. The alap in dhrupad is sung using a set of syllables, popularly thought to be derived from a mantra, in a recurrent, set pattern: _a re ne na, té te re ne na, ri re re ne na, te ne toom ne_ (this last group is used in the end of a long phrase). Dhrupad styles have long elaborate _alaps_, their slow and deliberate melodic development gradually bringing an accelerating rhythmic pulse. In most styles of dhrupad singing it can easily last an hour, broadly subdivided into the _alap_ proper (unmetered), the _jor_ (with steady rhythm) and the _jhala_ (accelerating strumming) or _nomtom_, when syllables are sung at a very rapid pace. Then the composition is sung to the rhythmic accompaniment: the four lines, in serial order, are termed _sthayi_, _antara_, _sanchari_ and _aabhog_.

Compositions exist in the metres (_tala_) (7 beats), _sul_ (10 beats) and _chau_ (12 beats) - a composition set to the 10-beat _jhap_ tala is called a sadra while one set to the 14-beat _dhamar_ is called a _dhamar_. The latter is seen as a lighter musical form, associated with the Holi spring festival.

Alongside concert performance the practice of singing dhrupad in temples continues, though only a small number of recordings have been made. It bears little resemblance to concert dhrupad: there is very little or no alap; percussion such as bells and finger cymbals, not used in the classical setting, are used here, and the drum used is a smaller, older variant called _mrdang_, quite similar to the mridangam.

Family and style

There are said to be four broad stylistic variants (_vanis_ or _banis_) of classical dhrupad – the Gauri (Gauhar), Khandar, Nauhar, and Dagar, tentatively linked to five singing styles () known from the 7th Century: Shuddha, Bhinna, Gauri, Vegswara, and Sadharani. There are a number of dhrupad _Gharanas_: “houses”, or family styles. The best-known gharana is the Dagar family [13] who sing in the Dagar vani or Dagar Gharana. The Dagar style puts great emphasis on alap and for several generations their singers have performed in pairs (often pairs of brothers). The Dagars are Muslims but sing Hindu texts of Gods and Goddesses. Some of the best dhrupad singers outside the Dagar family, such as Uday Bhawalkar, Ritwik Sanyal, Nirmalya Dey and the Gundecha Brothers, also belong to the Dagar vani, as does instrumentalist Pushparaj Koshti, who plays the surbahar. The Bishnupur gharana features Manilal Nag, among others.

From the state of Bihar come the Darbhanga gharana, Dumraon Gharana (Buxar) and the Bettiah gharana. The Mallicks of the Darbhanga gharana are linked to the Khandar vani and Gauharvani. Ram Chatur Mallick (1902 - 1990), Vidur Mallick (1936 - 2002), Abhay Narayan Mallick (b. 1937), Laxman Bhatt Tailang (b.1928) and Siyaram Tiwari (1919 - 1998) were well known exponents of Darbhanga gharana in the last century. Dhrupad of the Darbhanga gharana has a strong representation in Vrindaban owing to late Pandit Vidur Mallik, who lived and taught in Vrindaban during the 1980s and 1990s. Great female Dhrupad artists include Asgari Bai (1918 - 2006), Alaka Lahiri, Ashok Nandy (b.1946), Madhu Bhatt Tailang, the Pakistani singer Alisha Rasheed (b. 1978) and the Italian singer Amelia Cuni (b.1958). [14]

Dumraon Gharana - Dhrupad traditions of Bihar Dumraon gharana is an ancient tradition of dhrupad music nearly 500 years old. This gharana flourished under the patronage of the kings of Dumraon Raj when it was founded. T'he Drupad style (vani_s)_ of this gharana is _Gauhar_, _Khandar_, and _Nauharvani_. The founder of this gharana was Pt. Manikchand Dubey and Pt. Anup chand Dubey. Both artists were awarded by Mugal Emperor Shahjahan. The father of Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan who also belonged to the Dumraon Gharana tradition. He usually played Shahnai in Dhrupad style. Famous living singers of Dumraon Gharana (Buxar) include Pt. Ramjee Mishra, a representative of Dumraon Gharana.

Many books have been written by this gharana, like Shree Krishn Ramayan, by Pt. Ghana rang Dubey, Surprakash, Bhairav, Prakash, Rashprakash, written by Jay Prakash Dubey and Prakash Kavi. Abishek Sangit Pallav by Dr. Arvind Kumar.

Much work has been done on this gharana and many items of this Dumraon Gharana is subject of research. Bhaiarav Prakash written by Jay Prakash Dubey Urf Bnachu Ji Dubey in 1875. Abhisekh Sangit Pallav, written by Dr. Arvind Kumar, and written in Varnika hindi syllabus for Bihar ki sangit Sadhna for class -9th.[15]

The Mishras practised Gaurhar, Dagur, Nauhar and Khandar styles. This gharana flourished under the patronage of the kings of Bettiah Raj. Pandit Falguni Mitra is an exponent of this Gharana in the present generation.

Seminars

ITC Sangeet Research Academy's Scientific Research Department, in their effort to link tradition to scientific methodologies, has been organizing symposia and workshops from 1987. The objective of these workshops/symposia is to create awareness of research in various fields of music.[16] In 2013 they have conducted Dhrupad Seminar in association with National Centre for the Performing Arts (India) (NCPA, Mumbai) where Dr. Puru Dadheech participated as speaker to discuss the origin and predecessors of Dhrupad.[17] Prof. Richard Widdess (Head, Department of Music, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK) and Dr. Puru Dadheech, (Indore, India) discussed the origin of Dhrupad at length. Dr. Puru Dadheech established that Dhrupads are older than the times of Raja Mansingh Tomar.[18]

Documentaries

The filmmaker Mani Kaul while under tutelage of Ustad Zia Mohiuddin Dagar and Ustad Zia Fariduddin Dagar made one of the first documentaries on Dhrupad music in 1983 called “Dhrupad.” This Hindi language full-length documentary features both his gurus along with the young Bahauddin Dagar - the son of Zia Mohiuddin Dagar. [19][20] The film produced by the Films Division of India was shot in locations associated with history of Dhrupad in – Fatehpur Sikri and Jaipur's Jantar Mantar articulating the theory and the practice of the musical form.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Dhrupad SPIC MACAY

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10] Ravi Shankar, _Raga Mala_, Welcome Rain Pub., 1999, p.319

[11]

[12] 1

[13]

[14] Thielemann, Selina; _The Darbhanga Tradition. Dhrupad in the school of Pandit Vidur Mallik_, Varanasi: Indica Books, 1997

[15] {{!}} Dhrupad Rag Bageshri|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcd5ffOCKcQ%7Clast=|first=|date=May 30, 2018|website=YouTube|access-date=2020-05-12}}

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

title: Dhrupad

question: How old is Dhrupad?

answer: It is not stated but it must be more than 1800 years old.

question: Summarize Dhrupad's history in two sentences.

answer: The earliest source that mentions the musical Dhrupad is Ain-i-Akbari of Abu Fazl (1593).  Drupad owes its origin to the court of Man Singh Tomar, and dancing on Dhrupad has been reintroduced into recent times.

question: How does temple dhrupad differ from concert dhrupad?

answer: Percussions are used in temple dhrupad, it contains very little alaps, and a smaller drum is used.

question: Which is the longest, tala, sul, or chau?

answer: Chau.


text:
LUMA was a Wi-Fi solutions company based in Atlanta, Georgia The company sells Wi-Fi routers using mesh networking to project a consistent Wi-Fi signal throughout private homes as well as a corresponding mobile app for added layers of security and parental controls.[1]

Luma was founded in 2014[2] by serial entrepreneur Dr. Paul Judge[3] and Mike Van Bruinisse, who had worked together at cybersecurity firms CipherTrust and Purewire.[4] The idea emerged as a response to what was perceived by the founders as poor Wi-Fi consistency throughout private homes and the need for increased security as the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more pervasive. Judge said, “Cybersecurity must be built into the home network routers directly because IoT devices are vulnerable and users do not have the time to be the CISO [chief information security officer] of their home.”[5]

To date, the company has been given $22 million in seed and Series A funding,[6] including $12.5 million from Amazon’s Alexa fund,[7] as well as former Beats by Dre CMO Omar Johnson, Yahoo chairman Maynard Webb and San Francisco 49ers CEO Jed York.[8] In November, 2016, Luma announced Alexa integration,[9] allowing it to be controlled by voice commands to Amazon Alexa.

In January 2018, Luma Home was acquired by Newell Brands for a reported $10 million.[10] The brand will operate under First Alert.[11]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Luma Home

question: What is Luma?

answer: Luma was a Wi-Fi solutions company based in Atlanta, Georgia. The company sold Wi-Fi routers using mesh networking to project a consistent Wi-Fi signal throughout private homes as well as a corresponding mobile app for added layers of security and parental controls.

question: Who founded Luma?

answer: Dr. Paul Judge and Mike Van Bruinisse

question: What problems was Luma trying to solve?

answer: Poor Wi-Fi consistency throughout private homes and the need for increased security as the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more pervasive.

question: List Luma's early investors.

answer:
- Amazon’s Alexa fund
- Former Beats by Dre CMO Omar Johnson
- Yahoo chairman Maynard Webb
- San Francisco 49ers CEO Jed York

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Luma is a Wi-Fi solutions company based in Atlanta, Georgia, founded by Dr. Paul Judge and Mike Van Bruinisse to address poor Wi-Fi consistency throughout private homes and the need for increased security as the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more pervasive. The company used mesh networking in their wi-fi routers to project a consistent Wi-Fi signal, and a mobile app for an added layer of security and parental controls. Luma's early seed investors include Alexa's Amazon fund and Yahoo chairman Maynard Webb. In November 2016, Luma announced Alexa integration, allowing it to be controlled by voice commands. In January 2018, Luma Home was acquired by Newell Brands for a reported $10 million and will operate under First Alert.


text:
_LOVERIDGELAPS_ is a genus of seasnake in the family Elapidae. It contains a single species, _LOVERIDGELAPS ELAPOIDES_, commonly known as the SOLOMONS SMALL-EYED SNAKE.[1]

It is found in the Solomon Islands.

[1]

title: Loveridgelaps

question: What is Loveridgelaps?

answer: Loveridgelaps is a genus of sea snakes in the family Elapidae.

question: Where can Loveridgelaps be found?

answer: Loveridgelaps can be found in the Solomon Islands.

question: What is Loveridgelaps elapoides?

answer: Loveridgelaps elapoides is species in the genus Loveridgelaps.

question: What is the Solomons small-eyed snake?

answer: The Solomons small-eyed snake is Loveridgelaps elapoides.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Loveridgelaps is a genus of sea snakes in the family Elapidae and can be found in the Solomon Islands. Loveridgelaps elapoides, a species in the genus Loveridgelaps, is commonly known as the Solomons small-eyed snake.


text:
-   What are SARMs?
-   SARMs
-   Where do SARMs come from/why where they developed?
-   How many SARMs are there?
-   Why they are beneficial ?
-   How this applies to Body Builders
-   SARMs of interest
-   SARMs Cycles
    -   Bulking
    -   Cutting
    -   Strength
    -   Recomp
-   Summary

What are SARMs?

Androgens are a class of hormones that serve as ligands that bind to cellular androgen receptors. The androgen receptor is involved in a complex signal transduction pathway that ultimately results in greater expression of specific genes.

All anabolic steroids and pro hormones offer their muscle building properties through this binding to the androgen receptor.

[Androgen receptor activation]

Androgen receptor activation

Androgen receptor activation

A drug that can either block or stimulate the same nuclear hormone receptor under different conditions is called a selective receptor modulator. If it can block or stimulate a receptor in a tissue selective manner, it may be able to MIMIC THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS in one tissue and, at the same time, MINIMIZE THE UNWANTED EFFECTS of the natural or synthetic steroidal hormones in other tissues.

SARMs

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) offer the benefits of traditional Anabolic Androgenic Steroids such as testosterone (including increased muscle mass, fat loss, and bone density), whilst offering a much lower tendency to produce the unwanted side effects that come with steroids.

In this light they are a new, unique class of compounds currently undergoing investigation and development from a number of pharmaceutical companies.

Where do SARMs come from/why where they developed?

Steroids have typically been prescribed in medicine for two distinct reasons:

-Muscle wasting diseases ranging from cancer to osteoporosis

-Hormone replacement therapy

The problems with anabolic steroids or testosterone replacement therapy arise from their undesirable side effects or pharmacokinetic properties.

If you are able to stimulate a receptor in a tissue selective manner, (in our case, selective to bone and muscle) its possible to mimic the beneficial effects of androgen activation in muscles, and at the same time, minimize the unwanted effects of the natural or synthetic steroidal hormones in other tissues.

It is this specificity that makes these receptor modulators able to SELECTIVELY CAUSE MUSCLE GROWTH, while REDUCING OR ELIMINATING UNWANTED SECONDARY SIDE EFFECTS.

Hence pharmaceutical companies are currently looking to SARMs as an alternative to prescribed steroids.

How many SARMs are there?

Serveral global paharmacutical comanies are currently investingating, analysing and testing potentaial SARMs. Douglas Rollins, a professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Utah on how many are under development: ”I counted them once, there are 300 potential SARMs that are likely to be tested [by drug companies]. Some of them are going to make it to the market.”

However the two SARMs that are currently commercially available and most applciable to bodybuilders/fitness enthusiasts/athletes, with many user accounts, reviews and logs on the internet are OSTARINE (MK-2866) and S-4 (ANDARINE).

Why they are beneficial ?

As stated previously, the problems with anabolic steroids or testosterone replacement therapy arise from their undesirable side effects or pharmacokinetic properties.

These include:

-   Potential stimulation of prostate cancer
-   Male pattern baldness
-   Acne
-   Body hair growth or virilization
-   Gynecomastia (male breast development)
-   High blood pressure
-   Liver toxicity
-   Cholestrol imbalance
-   Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (Heart growth)
-   Shutdown of your own Testosterone production

Even primarily-anabolic AAS such as oxandrolone (Anavar), which are often used in terminally ill patients, do not entirely circumvent androgenic and other problematic side-effects.

However, stimulating the androgen receptor in only muscle tissue and bone can prevent most if not all of these harsh side effects, as shown below:

SARMs offer the potential for harnessing the benefits of anabolic supplementation whilst minimizing the undesirable side effects. They also have the potential advantages of oral dosing, which Testosterone and some Steroids do not.

[]

How this applies to Body Builders

For the body builder/gym user/fitness enthusiast/athlete SARMs can be used either in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional anabolics in the following uses:

-   Lean muscle growth

-   Preventing muscle loss during cutting/weight loss

-   Injury rehabilitation

-   PCT use after anabolics.

Of course the benefits when compared to steroids:

-   Oral (no injections needed)

-   Similar effects to testosterone (libido, strength gains, fat loss etc…)

-   No conversion to Dihydrotestosterone

-   No conversion to Estrogen

-   No harsh liver toxicity from methylated compounds

-   Does not inhibit your HPTA to the large extent of sterodis (no large reduction in LH or FSH)

-   Legal

-   Undetectable (select SARMs)

SARMs of interest

As previously mentioned, the two SARMs of most interest to users are OSTARINE (MK-2866) and S-4 (ANDARINE). These are both commercially available in liquid suspension as research chemicals.

They have both undergone clinical testing by GTx and also have many cases of positive feedback by gym goers from forums and message boards across the internet.

Find some of these logs here.

SARMs Cycles

Bulking

[]

The typical user looking for lean mass gains would be suited to using Ostarine for 4-8 weeks at a dose of about 25mg, which will typically produce 6lbs or 3kg keepable gains in lean mass.

For more info on bulking with SARMs, click here.

Cutting

[]

The typical user looking to cut body fat while retaining lean mass gains would be suited to using S4 for 4-8 weeks atan dose of 50mg which will produce excellent cutting effects. As S-4 shows a greater binding affinity to the AR, it demonetrates fat burning effects in addition to maintaince of muscle mass. S-4 also shows a decrease in LPL (lipoprotein lipase) which is an enzyme that causes lipid accumulation.

For more info on cutting with S4, click here.

Strength

[]

S4 is also similar to many of the DHT derived steroids in that effect of strength gains rise at a higher proportion than mass gains. So if you’re looking to experience and increase in strength without a large in increase in weight, S4 again used for 4-8 weeks at doses of 50mg which will produce excellent results.

For more info on strength gains with S4, click here.

Recomp

[]

The recomping effect of losing fat and gaining muscle at the same time is what the majority of users are looking for.

Ostarine with its anabolic and nutrient partitioning effects is ideal for such a goal and a dosing protocol of 12.5-25mg for 4-8 WEEKS will give excellent recomp effects.

For more info on recomping with SARMs, click here.

Summary

Although still at an early stage of development, the potential for SARMs is very high, evident by the number of pharmecutical firms currently develpoing different SARM compounds.

Currently the GTx varieties that are available to purchase online have the most use and user data behind them.

SARMs offer the following benefits:

-   HPTA suppression may be present at higher doses run for longer time periods, however a stringent PCT of prescription SERMs like Nolva or Clomid is not necessary.

-   High oral biovailabilty without significant damage to your liver as with oral steroids/prohormones.

-   Anabolic even at low doses

-   Great for strength

-   Great for lean mass gains

-   Great for body recomposition

-   Great for endurance (aerobic or anaerobic)

-   Joint healing abilities

question: What are SARMs?

answer: Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators.

question: What are the names of the two commercially available SARMs?

answer: Ostarine and S-4.

question: Which SARM should you use if you want to bulk up?

answer: Ostarine.

question: Which SARM should you use if you want to gain strength?

answer: S-4.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The text explains what Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMS) are and how they can be used in body building.


text:
By  Stephanie Springer  - bio | email

DOUGLAS, GA (WALB) –A simple mistake turned into a big problem in Douglas Wednesday. Firefighters say someone accidentally threw hazardous chemicals away. After a garbage truck picked up the load, it caught fire.

Hazmat workers were called and people in the area were told to stay inside until the situation was under control.

Officials say the mess could have easily been prevented. "This is an incident that could happen if you do not properly dispose of a chemical," said Fire Chief Tim White.

Chief Tim White drove by the parking lot of Hightower Church around 10:00am this morning and saw the garbage truck with smoke."Once we started to put out the fire we noticed there were some chemicals in the fire," said White.

The chief says about forty gallons of a potentially dangerous chemical had been dumped in the trash. "Some of them had been busted some of them still intact, we contacted various agencies and found out what we needed to do to stop the run off.

Firefighters say the chemical was accidentally thrown away by someone working at Callejas Industries a small fiberglass manufacturing company. "It came out of the jugs when the trash compacted, it had a chemical reaction," said White.

The chief says the was used as a hardener for fiber glass. "The chemical is highly flammable and if it mixes with anything else it could react and catch fire," said White.

"We treat all chemicals as if it were a worst case scenario so we contained it before it was able to reach any sort of water supply," said Public Works Director Jacob Lott.

"Talking with Chem Trek we discovered we were safe in a 100 foot distance as long as it wasn't smoking tremendously, we could keep the people inside," said White.

Public works, police and the haz met crew were called in to help. People were not evacuated from homes, but told to stay inside.

The incident is still under investigation but no criminal charges are expected to be filed. Officers say this incident would be more of a civil matter.

Officers stress the importance of carefully examining even your household chemicals before throwing them in the trash, because it could turn into a situation like this one.

_©2010 WALB News. All rights reserved._   Feedback

question: What did cause the fire?

answer: Stray chemicals in the trash.

question: How did the unexpected chemicals end up in the trash?

answer: A worker at a fiberglass manufacturer accidentally threw them away in the garbage can.

question: Will there be a punishment for the incident?

answer: Officers expect no criminal charges. However, they think the issue is a civil matter, which means there could be fines.

question: What was the effect on the surrounding area?

answer: No civilians were affected except for the order to stay inside.

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: A simple mistake turned into a major problem in Douglas. Someone working at Callejas Industries, a small fiberglass manufacturer, accidentally threw away an extremely flammable chemical. The fire began when the trash compacted. Hazmat crew and firefighters managed to contain the problem. There was no damage to the populace. No criminal charges are expected. Officers think this is more of a civil matter.


text:
ALUN DAVIES (1916 – 20 March 1980) was a Welsh historian. His parents were Welsh Independent minister Rev. Ben Davies (1878-1958), and his wife, Sarah, who lived in the Llandysul area of Cardiganshire. After completing his secondary education in Llandysul he took up a place at University College of Wales, Aberystwyth graduating in history in 1937. He then went on to study for an MA at the Sorbonne under Georges Lefebvre. He was still studying at the Cité Universitaire in 1940 when Paris was invaded by the German army. He immediately returned to the UK and joined the army as a military interpreter. A posting in Burma saw him promoted in the 14th Army in Burma to Intelligence Officer, firstly a captain then a major, and him participating in the reconquest of Burma. Leaving the army in 1946 he returned to Aberystwyth to take up a position as Lecturer of History. He remained there until 1955, when he took up a position at the London School of Economics as a Reader in International History (his chief role, together with director of the Institute for Historical Research at London University, Sir Goronwy Edwards (1891-1976), being to supervise research students. He also held the position of secretary to the Royal Historical Society.

He was to move back to Wales however, on appointment to the chair of Modern History at the University College of Swansea in 1961, working there with Glanmor Williams (1920-2005). Unfortunately whilst there his health declined, forcing him to enter retirement in 1979. He received treatment for cancer of the throat and oesophagus at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London, but died there in March 1980. His ashes are interred in Bwlchnewydd cemetery, Carmarthenshire with the rest of his family.[1]

[1]

title: Alun Davies (historian)

question: Who is Alun Davies?

answer: Alun Davies was a Welsh historian.

question: How old was Davies when he died?

answer: 64

question: How did Davies serve his country?

answer: He joined the British Army during WWII; he was a military interpreter.

question: How did he die?

answer: He died from cancer of the throat and oesophagus.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Alun Davies was a Welsh historian. He joined the British Army during WWII; he was a military interpreter.


text:
The ceiling is wide and white. Music and conditioned air issue from the holes made for their escape. Below, all them people eat. Fatty, not-so-fat, their kids, they all have dirty fingers. A guy can't wipe the smell of meat from his nose.
No napkins, goddamn it the napkin dispenser's empty. Impossible!
Dead molecules don't just go away. Leonard's shirt, and skin stink of grease. There's a good layer of the stuff beneath the bill of his cap. Tall, lanky Leonard needs special gloves that won't irritate his skin condition. He scoops sopping meat from the grill and slides it into paper lined containers that fit in a warmer. Other people in similar caps pile cheese on the beef.
"Extra buffalo sauce," the drive thru customer says.
"It should be in the bag." says a menstrual teenager.
A guy in a damaged red truck drives off leaving a trail of noxious fumes in his wake.
Leonard takes the bend out of his back and stands straight. He peers out from behind the grill. And he sees, dear reader, Spiral, the unconquerable wind, smash through the glass doors of the Burger King. Leonard's dark eyes fix on the massive mystical warrior.
Spiral, Leonard's hitherto-imaginary friend, is screaming, is twirling with reasonless rage. He produces hurricane force with his vibrating limbs. Chairs  fly and the people that were sitting in them are blown out of the windows. Kids get caught up in a gust, and the ball pit explodes. the walls shudder, the ceiling breaks wide. Everything flies, almost everything.
Only Leonard stands bravely as his hat is taken by the wind. He can't bring himself to hide. He has to bare witness to the amazing Spiral. Wood splinters and tiles peel from the floor. Leonard's heart leaps. He feels fear and terror and he loves it.
Then Spiral slows, stops, breathes deep and allows himself to be seen clearly. The super being is gold and sapphire, helmeted, and dangerously muscled. His eyes and teeth are glacier blue and godly bright. He locks eyes with Leonard, and his mouth moves to speak.
"Leonard Malkin, come with me. You are needed elsewhere beyond the stars in what you call the Krab Nebula. The Fedorian people are locked in a civil war, and only you can help them. Surely, our prophets can not be wrong. You are the savior of our starflung world."
Leonard clocks out leaving the Burger King in one healthy piece. He rides his second hand bicycle to his midtown studio apartment. There he prepares a mostly vegetarian meal. Carrots, green beans, and hermit bread, there's no need to turn the burner on the stove.
No surprise, Liz forgot to pick up the almond milk. Mother fucker! No... No, on second thought that's okay. He was lucky a girl like Liz could love a queer like him anyway. She could forget the almond milk if she wanted.
He lays down and watches kung fu television until one o'clock in the morning.
Suddenly it's six AM. Leonard's alarm plays an awkward beach theme that rouses him immediately. The slumbering Liz rolls over caught in the throws of a burgeoning hangover. Leonard skips his morning shower, but manages to wash his hands with shampoo. Now its time to pull the dull razor across his face. there, that's passable. He could work like this. He could come home and take a nap if he needed. If worse came to worse, and he was really unhappy, Leonard knew he could always kill himself and get it all over with.

title: Maybe Thursday

question: Why did Leonard Malkin turn down Spiral's invitation?

answer: Unknown.


text:
All of their past, everything he once knew or thought he knew about the two of them begins to swirl into a fierce hurricane of red in his mind until suddenly, strangely, he reaches the calm of the storm’s eye. He interrupts her raised voice, pulling her close to bring her lips to his for the first time. In his head, he had pictured the cinematic scene of volatile tension turned passion, but instead it catches her by surprise and she instinctively shoves him away. He immediately turns toward the hall and before she can fully come to terms with the past few moments, she finds herself staring at the back of a slammed door and an empty room. Another slam down the hall interrupts the sickening mental loop of all the things that had just been said, the harshest of which reverberating the loudest in her head.

She wipes her eyes, walks out into the hall, and follows the sound of the door that knocked her back into the present; the realization of what had just happened finally settling in completely. She reaches the stairwell as another hotel guest comes out of their room and looks at her with sleepy eyes and a disgruntled expression. She mouths a quick "sorry" and enters the stairwell as the sound of a third door closing drifts down from the top floor.

Panic starts to well up inside her as she climbs each flight, her feet and heart picking up speed as she nears the rooftop level. She bursts through the door with adrenal abandon and scans the ledges for his figure, screaming his name into the night sky, but he's nowhere to be seen. What have I done, she thinks to herself. What have *you* done?

"I think we need to talk" says a relievingly familiar voice from above the stairwell door. "There’s enough room up here for both of us, come lie next to me. The stars are beautiful tonight." She climbs up with the help of his outstretched hand and lays her head on his chest. Her breathing slows and she can finally begin to relax. Her eyes look up toward the millions of shimmering specks in the night sky as they slowly turn to a teary blur; and indeed they were beautiful.

title: A pretty short story I simply call: Rooftop

question: Did the man and woman have an argument?

answer: It seems so, but it's not clear what about.

question: Why was there a door slam down the hall?

answer: The man kisses the woman during their argument, and she rejects this advance.

question: Does it seem like the man and woman have had a long relationship?

answer: The man said their lips touched for the first time after the argument, so it doesn't seem their romantic relationship has been wrong. However, their past is mentioned so they may have known each other in some capacity for a while.

question: What happens first, the woman's apology or her crying?

answer: She wipes her eyes presumably due to crying before she apologizes to someone at the hotel.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A man and woman with a past are in a heated argument, when the man brings his lips to hers for the first time. Shocked, the woman shoves him away, and the man storms off. When the woman realizes what had just happened, she searches for the man and finds him above the stairwell door. She lays with him and they watch the stars, which she finds beautiful.


text:
**Emeralds**

He slams the door behind him. He just needs to think but there is too much to think about. He can see the sun going down ahead of him as he walks towards his gate. The streets before him are usually full of life, but now sit barren and cold besides the occasional car passing through. He heads north. He doesn't know where, no one knows where his path will end. Passing buildings of brick and cement, he drags his fingers across the rough surface of the wall a little too long. It bothers him; the pleasure from touch and the sharp pang of rawness that he is left with after he pulls his hand away. He feels it isn’t fair, this contradiction of both the pleasure of touch and the pain it inflicts.  He learns from his mistake and decides against doing it another time. He sighs as he glances at the pink flesh of his fingers and quickly stuffs his hands into his jacket pocket. “How long have I been gone?” he wonders as he raises his watch to his eyes; not even an hour has passed. A little further up the street, a woman exits what appears to be a coffee shop. As he moves closer he can smell the bitterness of freshly ground coffee and the sweetness of perfume. The woman sees him and smiles. He doesn't know her or at least he can’t remember her face or name if he does. She walks towards him and says, “Hi”. He wants to say something, anything to break the still silence between them. He so badly wants to acknowledge her existence.  He wants to say something, anything, but he can’t bring himself to speak. He passes the woman without a word and walks past the windows of the coffee shop. He sees the empty red booths made of leather and the pattern of the alternating black and white tiles and the bright green wall paper. It’s almost overwhelming to his eyes. He notices the man behind the counter watching news on the television, but he continues down the street and crosses it at the next intersection. “The woman was only trying to be friendly”, he thought.  Detailed thoughts began to emerge in his mind, as he strains to recall every aspect of his brief encounter with the woman: her smooth, soft spoken hello, her bright blonde hair that rested on her shoulders and back, and her eyes. Her eyes were a deep green, the color of beautiful emeralds. “I wonder if she even gave me a second thought?” he thinks to himself.  There were fewer buildings now; most of them are houses much like his own. He thought about his house and how he forgot to close his gate as he left the yard. His thoughts drifted back to the green eyed woman. He thought about chasing down the woman to say hello but he started thinking. He thought possibilities in his head of what could happen if he did. He dismissed the thoughts and scenarios by making excuses to himself; “She wouldn't be worth it and it wouldn't last even if she was” was what he thought. Just outside of town he sits on the fallen trunk of a dead tree and he wonders what would happen if he just sat there through the seasons.  “How long would I sit in this spot before anyone noticed I was gone?” he thought, “Will I ever see her emerald green eyes again?”

Everything was a blur since that night. Months had passed since he had seen the woman with the emerald eyes; he had looked around town, but to no avail. He couldn't think but there was nothing to think about anyways; nothing but the woman. He walks outside to breath in the humid summer air. He pushes the door closed and hears the soft click of the locking mechanism as he turns away and heads toward the sidewalk. Before stepping on to the street he pauses to admire the sun setting over the horizon. He starts walking towards the fallen tree outside of town and he passes the buildings made of bricks and cement. Pausing for only a second, he holds his fingertips to the wall, lightly dragging them over the rough surface. He pulls his hand away and is no longer accompanied by the stinging sensation that has stayed with him for so long. He can smell the bitter aroma of the freshly ground coffee beans as he approaches the coffee shop. He stops at the window and sees the same man watching television. The sight of the bright green wallpaper and the alternating of the black and with tiles bring back visions of the woman with emerald eyes. He opens the door and is greeted by the jingle of a bell suspended over the door by a piece of red ribbon. He grabs hold of a red leather booth and quickly lets go as he glances over the room and sees all the empty red booths. But there, in the corner, facing away from the door is a woman with beautiful blonde hair and the smell of perfume is almost intoxicating to him as he walks closer. Thoughts are racing throughout his mind. “Does she remember me?” “What should I say?” “Should I say anything at all?” Disregarding all thought and mustering up all the courage he has left, he walks over and sits down in the booth with the woman. She looks at him. He sits there, staring into her deep, beautiful emeralds for quite some time before uttering one simple word. “Hello.”

title: "Emeralds" written by Me, for an AP English class! Looking for tips!

question: What has mesmerized the narrator most about the woman he is pursuing?

answer: Her emerald green eyes

question: How could you describe the narrator's state of mind?

answer: Lovestruck

question: What does the narrator say to the woman when he finally sees her?

answer: one word, "hello"

question: What is the imagery of the text trying to relay?

answer: Time passing ever so excruciatingly and the excitement of being able to see the on you are seeking

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator comes into town and spots a woman with the most beautiful emerald green eyes. He doesn't see her again for many months, until one day he does and he finally says hello.


text:
Project Eden short storie

When I was first introduced to doctor Lufkin he said to me "welcome to the beach". It was another name of the laboratory that he inhabited and spent most of the time at when working for the "corporation". R &D was there main focus, men walked up and down steel hallways talking out calculations out-loud or in there head when there weren't in there lab, Lufkin was but 1 of the many big heads in the "corporations" think tank, the hallways to the laboratory had many doors all with guards posted outside every door, i dunno if it was to protect those within from intruders, or if it was a work camp brilliance. red led lights were posted over every door. when we he entered his laboratory There were rows of pillars of glass. Inside them was sand of different color. I asked him if he had a thing for sandcastles. He said in return no, nano machines.

One black pillar was solar "sand", another blue surgical "sand", and another green which was fertilizer "sand". The last 1 was red, I asked him what 1 that was 4 his reply was 1 worded "will" To control the will of others from acts of evil i asked him "what is evil?". "What about the green" he said growth, to turn desert into oasis's they surround each grain and acting like a sponge pulling the water out of the atmosphere. the blue he said to stop disease by latching itself onto every sell repairing it. and the black he said to create energy I can be spread over desert or the air carried the wind sound and water sending back wireless power,i can put into a paint to be applied to anything from power to the simple house to a street lamp, and someday then he said was hoping to one day maybe he could tap into that the energy provided not just mechanic but the bio-electrical essence of anything with dna or rna, it will absorb whatever electrical signals that are produce and transfer them wirelessly to whatever device needed.. I then adjusted my contact lenses to amplify and zoom in on the sand to see these machines at work these angels of life. as i gazed on it all astounded Lufkin began to say almost in a riddle "you cann't forgive what you can't forget, that is if you have assembled the the point of this article, we live in a society of over saturated and comfortably fed. one of these is true the other is lie the point i'm assembling on this page is that everything is a half truth half lie. But there is still a silent anxiety, when your a dog carrying flees to the most powerful men in the world, waste management and water treatment and tonight is the night. they hold all the keys and i know the doors to all the floors of this mind fuck we call life. ive been waiting for the right time, generations of genius silently waiting holding onto the flames of a idea that can free all man from its shackle of chaos.

what they see what they hear every interaction, a final singularity. by a secret for generation my family endevoured on harnessing the smallest machine to overturn the shackles of neglect, hate, starvation. at midnight me and my hired guns storm the plants and put singularity into effect, all will serve or perish. by commanding the will of many you accomplish the goals of a many, our hands our wings to freedom, to long have we all squandered in our traditional hatred, it is time to unite.

In the center of the facility was a large glowing tree its roots connected to other machines giving them power. Hanging from it was fruits vegetables and meat of every kind. I asked him how and why. His answer was because and why not. Its leaves jump from 1 color to the next flashing overall the spectrum even colors I've never seen before. A orchestra of beauty.
I don't know how The tree floated In a pool With other plants. He stepped on the water & did not fall in but held firmly to the bottom of his foot. He told me to follow I was afraid to it first but after seeing him take the first step my fear subsided. Flowers and plants of every kind floated past me. Beneath me I could see fish as we made our way to the tree he said to me welcome to the future. It was then when I realized what project Eden was about. uniting humanity into one will, one mind and body all controlled by 1 man. that's when i attempted to walk over to the doctor, and tripped over the equipment and into the water, into the sand swallowed by darkness..

when awoke i lay on the operating table. it was cold, bright. the rest was a blur, the doctor face began to block out the silhouette " care for a ciggerate?" i couldn't refused i hadn't kicked the habit in 15 yrs and i wasn't planing to after coming to such a a dark philosophy. " why?" i asked him, "why what, why save humanity from its own self destruction, 1 sin for the greater good is better then the needs of the many and if a few need to control that so be it. and i know your gonna ask who is the few well i truly don't give a damn cause it wasn't my dream but my grandfathers. now i can retire some place far the hell away from here, enjoy his nightmare cause your smoking it." i tried to toss the ciggerate and i couldn't it slowly burned my flesh, i tried to scream, and i couldn't move my mouth. "you will save me from this hell" i was allowed only this memory of free will after this i was caged by my own mind and if acted outside his directive and programming there would be ill consequences, one of the grave. soon all will follow in this dream of chains, the rest was just watching from behind the bars of my eyes as i carry out his terror..

should i continue?

title: [SF] Project Eden short storie

question: Summarize the plot of the story.

answer: The narrator is led into the "beach," a research and development lab for the "corporation." They are led by Dr. Lufkin to 4 pillars of glass filled with nano machines. The doctor explains what they all do, and leads the narrator to a tree in the center of the facility. The narrator trips and is swallowed by sand. The narrator wakes up on an operating table, and takes a  cigarette. When they smoke, the cigarette burns their flesh.

question: Summarize what the different sands do.

answer: The facility has four different sands. The black sand produces power, and the blue sand prevents disease by repairing on the cellular level. The green sand pulls moisture out of the atmosphere to irrigate land, and the red sand controlled "the will of others from acts of evil." The narrator seems to be under the effects of the red sand at the end of the story.

question: Summarize what the "corporation" is planning to do.

answer: The "corporation" has been building their plans for generations. Dr. Lufkin is trying to carry out the dream of his grandfather. They are trying to unite the world by commanding the will of many, and "free all an from its shackles of chaos." Dr. Lufkin seems to not be too invested in this idea, and just wants to retire.

question: Summarize what the tree in the center of the facility was all about.

answer: The tree in the center of the facility gave power to numerous machines. It also had fruits and vegetables and meat growing from it. Its leaves are constantly changing color. The tree floated in a pool with other plants surrounding it. The narrator realizes what the project is all about, and falls into the sand of the tree, capturing him.


text:
I took another breath. The electronic display read zero. I looked at the display not believing what it claimed. I looked outside the dome. The red clouds blanketed the sky covering the sun and the desert soil. I looked back inside, wondering how people lived fifty years ago at the turn of the millennium.

The phone which hung on the wall started to ring. I had never heard it ring before so I stared subconsciously before I remembered that I had to answer it. I walked over to the handset. The light blinked as the receiver stopped ringing.
The door flung open and two cops burst through the door.

‘Mr Collins?’ I looked at the guard.

‘Who’s asking?’ I replied.

The guards walked over, hooked me in both arms and dragged me down the hall after slamming the door while muttering something into his radio.

I looked the opposite way I was travelling as I skidded along. It was an odd sensation knowing that my life would end. The cold argon lights illuminated the room giving off a cold chill. I wondered who had invented them. The ability to turn heat into light whilst cooling the surrounding area had saved millions of lives, allowing a colony to keep cool without a power source.

We rounded several corners before we stopped. The guards dropped me to the ground and walked back the way I had come, closing two big doors behind them. I saw the gears and mechanisms on the door rotate and grind and I realised there was no way I was going back that way.

I stood up and brushed myself off. I had not collected a speck of dust because of the cleanliness of the corridor, but I still proceeded to nonetheless. I turned around to find a desk with a shorter man sitting in a black chair obviously too big for him.

‘Do you know why you’re here?’ He asked me.

‘Not really.’ I responded knowing full well why I was there.

‘Mr John Collins, born January 19th 2024, which makes you 32 as of 53 days ago, you were a model student, scoring an average score of a B+. We have no behavioural issues on record but a warning was issued in regards to a threat made to a colleague. You are an automotive service technician and you have no known offspring.’ He looked up and glared at me, waiting for a response.

‘Correct’ I responded.

‘On behalf of CiteRT, we are terminating your life on the grounds that you have expired your oxygen and water allowance without giving back to the community,’ I looked at his emotionless face. There was only the harsh truth of what lay beyond. ‘We are however offering you the opportunity to attempt to survive outside.’

I looked outside the window behind him. I looked off into the distance, beyond the cloudless, blue skies. Beyond the dirt mounds I could see nothing.

‘I accept.’ I don’t know why I did; it was just prolonging my agony. He stood up and handed me a backpack.

‘I’m sorry.’ He said. ‘Good luck.’ I saw the glint of a tear forming in my eye. He ushered me towards an elevator where I went further down than I ever had before. The elevator pinged as the doors opened and thousands of years of global warming hit my face in one blast.

I fell to one knee and opened my backpack to find a bottle of water and a gun. I put the gun to my head, and heard a gunshot behind me.
BANG! I turned…

EDIT: Formatting

title: Global Warming (Dystopian) [600 Words]

question: Summarize the negative events that happen to Mr. Collins over the course of the story.

answer: Mr. Collins is dragged down the hall by the guards. He is then told that he is going to be terminated. He is allowed to live but is exiled to the outside world, exposed to global warming.

question: Summarize the elements that establish the genre.

answer: Red clouds blanket the sky outside. The story is set fifty years after the turn of the millennium. Civilization has invented cold argon lights that give off a chill. The world outside has fallen subject to global warming.

question: What is the central source of tension in the story?

answer: Mr. Collins has not contributed enough to society. He is therefore exiled into the outside world, which has been ravaged by global warming.

question: What does the story say about preventing global warming?