text:
-   McKenna May, 4, has spent half her short life fighting leukemia
-   Dad William refused to sign consent form, because only dying children should get charity money
-   Angry mother and grandmother now trying raise money for trip herself

 Published: 04:41 EST, 19 July 2012 | Updated: 11:58 EST, 19 July 2012

A four-year-old cancer survivor's dream Make-A-Wish Foundation trip to Disney World has been cancelled by her own father - because he thinks only dying children deserve the charity's money.

McKenna May, from Haskins, Ohio, was granted $3,500 (£2,235) to fund a once-in-a-lifetime holiday to the Florida theme park, after spending half her short life undergoing agonising treatment for leukemia.

But the brave little girl has been left devastated after her father William May refused to sign a consent form allowing her to go,

[McKenna May, here with her mother Whitney, spent two years of her short life fighting leukemia and she's now finally free and clear]

McKenna May, here with her mother Whitney, spent two years of her short life fighting leukemia and she's now finally free and clear

[McKenna May's father banned her from accepting a free trip to Disney World, because she's not dying of cancer]

Dream trip denied: May's father banned her from accepting a free trip to Disney World, because she's not dying of cancer

Since she was diagnosed with cancer in April 2010, McKenna has undergone 15 spinal taps, multiple chemotherapy treatments, and a series of steroid injects. She has been hospitalised numerous times.

She underwent her final treatment last month after showing signs of beating the disease, but won't won't be officially cancer-free for another five years,

To cheer her up during the painful treatments, McKenna's mother Whitney Hughes and grandmother Lori Helppie applied to the Make-A-Wish foundation.

Moved by her plight, the charity granted McKenna her wish and agreed to pay for the family to travel to Disney World in Florida.

[Fund-raising: McKenna's mother and grandmother are now trying to raise the money so she can meet her hero, Mickey Mouse]

Fund-raising: McKenna's mother and grandmother are now trying to raise the money so she can meet her hero, Mickey Mouse

But before the trip could be booked, both parents had to sign a consent form. And William May refused.

Speaking to the Bowling Green Sentinel-Tribune newspaper, he argued the gift was an improper use of donations, and that handouts should be reserved for 'kids who only have six months to live'.

Mrs Hughes is convinced her ex-husband is trying to punish her after he was granted just visitation rights to his daughter earlier this year.

And Mr May admitted he is angry with his ex-wife and her mother, who he claims are preventing him from seeing his daughter. He told the Sentinel-Tribune: 'I wasn't allowed to be involved. It ticked me off.'

Ms Hughes and Ms Hellpie have refused to give up hope they can still take McKenna to Disney World and are attempting the raise the money themselves, passing around collection jars in their local community.

Ms Helppie said: 'The important thing is to get her there.She loves Mickey Mouse. She loves Cinderella.'

Ms Hughes added: 'She's really excited. It's all she's talked about for the last three months.'

Charity chiefs are, meanwhile, bewildered by the row - having ruled McKenna was clearly deserving of the trip.

Susan McConnell, president and CEO of Make-A-Wish for Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, told the Sentinel-Tribune: 'The doctors are the ones who determine if she is qualified. She's been through a lot. What I really feel bad about is she is stuck in the middle.'

question: Why did the child's father refuse to take charity money for a trip to Disney World?

answer: He claims that only kids who have six months left to live should benefit from charity. His ex-wife thinks he's punishing her because he only received visitation rights the previous year.

question: Explain the child's mother's reasoning in wanting to take her daughter to Disney World.

answer: McKenna spent 2 of her 4 years of life undergoing leukemia treatment. While McKenna is in remission, her mother wanted to cheer her up after two grueling years.

question: Does the child's mother have any alternatives?

answer: They decided to raise money themselves for the trip, asking for donations.

question: What are the charity's views about McKenna's case?

answer: The charity leaders are confused about the father's decision. They think McKenna deserved the money.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Four-year-old cancer survivor McKenna's dream of going to Disney World has been canceled by her own father. After two years of leukemia treatments, her mother and grandmother wanted to cheer her up and applied to the Make-A-Wish foundation to receive $3500 for traveling to Florida theme park. The Charity's chiefs are bewildered that the child's father refused to sign after they decided the kid's case deserved it. Meanwhile, the kid's father admitted he was upset with his ex-wife restricting his visitations while stating that only kids who have six months to live should get the charity's money.


split: train

text:
The North Texas Mean Green college football team represents the University of North Texas in the West Division of Conference USA (CUSA). The Mean Green compete as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The program has had 20 head coaches since it began play during the 1913 season.

The team has played more than 1,000 games over 100 seasons. In that time, only four Head Coaches have led the Mean Green to post season bowl games and played in the New Orleans Bowl four different times. North Texas has a 2-5 record in seven bowl games in which they have competed in. The Mean Green have been conference champions 25 times in their program history; in many of the conferences the program has been in from the Lone Star Conference to the Sun Belt Conference.

Mitchell spent the most seasons (21) as the Mean Green’s head coach and took the program to its first post season play. The highest winning percentage by any coach is by James W. St. Clair, who was the head coach of the team from 1915-1919, who went 20-10-2 (.656) in his career.

The lowest winning percentage for any coach is Todd Dodge, who has gone 6-37 (.139) from 2007-2010.

The current head coach of the Mean Green, Seth Littrell, was hired in December 2015. Littrell was an offensive coordinator at the University of North Carolina before taking the position.

Head coaches

Key

List of head coaches

+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
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| s | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| M | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| c | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| h | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| o | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| d | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| R | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| u | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| s | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|   | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|   | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| H | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| a | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| d | 3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| F | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y | 8 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| J | 1 |   |   |   |   |   | — | — | — | — |   |   | — | — |   |
| e | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| M | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| o | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| o | 8 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| B | 1 |   |   |   |   |   | — | — | — | — |   |   | — | — |   |
| o | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| b | 8 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| T | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
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| r |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| C | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| o | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 8 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| k | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| N | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| s | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| o |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| D | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| e | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| s | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| P | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 3 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
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| r |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| M | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| a | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | 4 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| S | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| m | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| o | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| D | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| a | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 9 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 8 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| D | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| c |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
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| y |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| T | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| o | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| d | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| d | 7 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| D | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| o | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| d | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| g | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| M | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | — |   |   |
| i | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| k | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| C |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
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| e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| D | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| M | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| c | – |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| C | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n | 5 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| y |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| M | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| k | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | 5 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| C |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| n |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
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| s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| S | 2 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | 0 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | 1 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| h | 6 |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| L | - |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| i | p |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | r |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| t | e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| r | s |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | e |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l | n |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| l | t |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

: List of head football coaches showing season(s) coached, overall records, conference records, postseason records, championships and selected awards{{#tag:ref|Statistics correct as of the end of the 2016 college football season.|group=“A”}}

Notes

[1]

title: List of North Texas Mean Green head football coaches

question: When did the program start?

answer: The program started in 1913.

question: How many seasons has the football team played?

answer: Over 100 seasons.

question: Which coach has the lowest winning percentage?

answer: Todd Dodge

question: Who is the current head coach?

answer: Seth Littrell.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer:
The North Texas Mean Green college football team competes as a part of the NCAA Division Football I Bowl Subdivision. The program began in 1913 and has had 20 head coaches since then.

The team has played in over 100 seasons. North Texas has a 2-5 record in seven bowl games. The lowest winning percentage of any coach is Todd Dodge. The current coach is Seth Littrell, he was hired in December 2015.


text: If I were to post short stories here, are their any copyright laws in place on the website that would protect them as my intellectual property? Thanks.

title: A question about legality to moderators and trusted users

question: What is the question about legality being asked?

answer: The question is whether short stories posted to the website would be protected as intellectual property via copyright laws on the website.

question: What is the name of the website being discussed?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: What place on the website is the excerpt talking about?

answer: The word "place" is not referring to a location but is rather part of the phrase "in place".

question: What type of website is the website being discussed?

answer: While the answer is not explicitly stated, it is implied that this is a website where text (including short stories) can be posted.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The user questions whether short stories they post to the site will be protected as their intellectual property via the website's copyright law.


text:
I just took a hydrocodone, so I'll be out soon. I just wanted to say that love can make you do some pretty radical things. It makes you question your whole existence. It comes without warning; it can also make or break you. It did both to me.
I can't say I'm angry for letting him in one last time. Even though we were never together I will never forget the time we had. I don't know if I could ever feel that way for someone again. It was nice to lay on his chest for the first and last time. I wanted to be in that moment forever. My heart was full, filled with deep mixed emotions and I knew that this would hurt me in the morning. But I didn't care. He was all I wanted, all I needed. I lost myself in him. It was beautiful but I knew after him I would never be the same. I'm okay with us not being together. It would have been a fucked up situation anyway. We are too much alike. I'm just going to have to learn to live without him and try to be happy. I know it is over I've excepted it. Tears are rolling down my cheeks as I'm typing this. I never expected to have my heart torn through like this. This is pain I've never experienced in my life. It rips through me as I lay down at night. I've cried so hard at times yelling at God asking him to remove the pain, but he doesn't. He just makes me stronger everyday but I still feel the pain. I'm grateful for it though, because it let's me know that what I felt was real. I don't ever question my feelings for him I know that I loved him like I never loved anyone else. It doesn't even matter that we can't be together because hell always be mine. I love him. I used to be afraid of that word but I'm not anymore. Its gonna be hard to be with anyone else I don't want a fake ass relationship I want something that is real.

title: Love kills

question: What is a hydrocodone?

answer: Presumably some type of medication that makes people fall unconscious. The story does not clarify what it is.

question: What does the narrator want?

answer: The narrator wants a relationship that is real like the one they wish they had with the guy they are talking about.

question: Describe the narrator's relationship with the guy they are talking about.

answer: They were never really together, and whatever relationship they once had is now over. The narrator acknowledges that they truly loved him.

question: What is the significance of the title?

answer: The significance of the title is unclear.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator write's that they've taken a hydrocodone. They reflect on their love for a certain man and how their heart is broken since they are not together. They acknowledge that they love him and that it is going to be difficult to find a new relationship that is real.


text: Whatever had wiped out all life on earth seemed to have forgotten about Chris. On the morning of January, 7, 2010 it had taken Chris about twenty minutes to figure out what had happened overnight. He had woken up to find that his wife was not beside him in bed, strange he thought then got out of bed. “Honey?” no answer, “Honey!?” he said louder, no answer, strange he thought again. It was only when he stepped outside did he begin to get scared. The silence smacked him in the face like a sledgehammer. He looked around beginning to get nervous, and saw the true nightmare that had occurred on the planet overnight. All the grass, trees and foliage were gone. Not a single remnant remained of them, no dust, no stumps, no decaying leaves, nothing. The next few hours went by in a blur. Going to all the nearby cities to look for any life what so ever and finding nothing. Looking in nuclear bunkers to try to find anyone who might have survived and finding no one. Days went by. He found that fruits no longer rotted and realised not even the bacteria survived. Weeks went by. He started to talk to himself to pass the time, and sometimes he would think he saw another person and try to run to them but they would fade away into nothing as they always did. Months went by. Suicide became a popular topic among the many talks he had with himself. One day something in Chris just snapped, he could not take this world any longer. He could have found a gun in an hour or so and it probably would have made for an easier suicide but he needed to leave this world now. Not in an hour, not even in a minute if he could help it, now. He found a length of rope long enough in a hunting store by a small river and in ten minutes he was on a chair with a noose around his neck looking through a window at the river. With three wobbles of the chair it fell over. The last living thing on earth hung dead.

title: Eradication

question: What killed all life on earth?

answer: Unknown


text:
EXCORPORATION is the process through which mass cultural commodities are changed or remade into one’s own culture. The theory of Excorporation was popularized by sociologist John Fiske, in order to explain the ongoing struggle between the dominant and subordinate groups in popular culture.

Definition

The term excorporation was highlighted by sociologist John Fiske in his 1989 book, _Understanding Popular Culture_. Fiske states that excorporation is “the process by which the subordinate make their own culture out of the resources and commodities provided by the dominant system”.[1] Fiske believes this idea to be central to the study of popular culture. He argues that in an industrialized world, the subordinated group has only the use of resources supplied to them by the dominant group from which to create their own subcultures and social commodities. In his theory, Fiske refutes the idea of folk culture, any sort of ‘authentic’ culture, saying that it does not exist in such a society. In other words, the subordinate deals with what is available. This requires the study of popular culture to not only look at the various cultural commodities, but the ways in which the individual uses them as well. Fiske sees the different uses of commodities to be most interesting. The excorporation of resources is generally more varied and creative than the original.

Fiske states that the subordinate’s ability to create originality and thus oppose the dominant “results in the producers having to resort to the processes of incorporation or containment”.[2] By reincorporating the differences made by excorporation, the dominant group strips the subordinate group from any opposition that the latter may have created. This ensures the stability of the dominant system.

Criticism

Several sociological authors have criticized Fiske's theory of excorporation, primarily for its overarching simplicity and its unfocused basis.

Deborah Cook, in her 1992 article _Ruses de Guerre: Baudrillard and Fiske on Media Reception_ argues that excorporation is not necessarily a political or even meaningful activity, as Fiske claims. Under Fiske’s theory, the process of excorporating creates meaning, be it as simple as personalizing a commercial commodity. However, Cook argues that Fiske attempts “to locate resistance in a set of largely unconscious, unfocused, and apolitical activities...Fiske’s analyses are undisciplined by any interpretive methods,” [3] therefore implying that not every act of excorporation necessarily contains meaning.

Ray Browne, of Bowling Green University, agrees with Cook’s assertion, explaining that Fiske “looks upon popular culture as a portion of the life actions and fluids which constitute all of society, and in so doing, Fiske seems to limit the totality of culture, or to misunderstand it.” [4] Fiske’s detractors seem to find the theory of excorporation too simplistic and overarching to be effective.

Examples in Modern Society

Blue denim jeans have become a product of excorporation. Levi Strauss was the founder of the garment. Strauss was a German Immigrant who immigrated to San Francisco during the California Gold Rush in 1853. He coined the blue denim jean due to a need from prospectors in the area for strong work pants in the mines. The material was used because it did not cause chafing, unlike the typical canvas pants that were worn during the time by workers.[5]

Through the decades of the past century, the cultural meaning of blue jeans has changed. For example, the 1930s were the times of western films, propelling the character of the American cowboy and their Wrangler jeans into the public limelight. The 1940s resulted in jeans being introduced to the world based on the start of globalization and World War II. In the 1950s, denim became a popular garment that symbolized rebellion, such as in James Dean’s movie Rebel Without a Cause. During this time, some public schools in the United States banned students from wearing blue jeans.

The 1960s and the 1970s were the start of crafting jeans for individual taste, based on the fashion and social movements at the time. Examples of these include embroidered jeans, painted jeans, and psychedelic jeans.[6] John Fiske describes this as “the raggedness is the production of the choice of the user; it is an excorporation of the commodity into a subordinates subculture and a transfer of at least some of the power inherent in the commoditization process.”[7] In the 1980s jeans became designer fashion, labels such as Guess jeans. More recently, the focus on personalization of jeans includes finish, styles, cuts, shapes, aged, authentic, and vintage jeans. John Fiske is quoted as saying “the wearer of torn jeans is, after all, wearing jeans and not, for instance the Buddhist derived robes of the orange people."[8]

[1] Fiske, J. (1989). Understanding Popular Culture. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

[2] Fiske, J. (1989). Understanding Popular Culture. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

[3] Cook, D. (1992). Ruses de Guerre: Baudrillard and Fiske on Media Reception. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour , 22 (2), 227-238.

[4] Browne, Ray. Journal of Popular Culture ; Winter90, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p188, 1/2p

[5] Levi Strauss and Company. (2008, April 24). Retrieved April 18, 2008, from Levie Strauss and Company Heritage: http://www.levistrauss.com/heritage/

[6] Design Boom. (2008, 24 04). Retrieved 04 15, 2008, from Design Boom: http://www.designboom.com/eng/education/denim2.html

[7] Fiske, J. (1989). Understanding Popular Culture. Boston: Unwin Hyman. p.15

[8] Fiske, J. (1989). Understanding Popular Culture. Boston: Unwin Hyman. p.4

title: Excorporation

question: Summarize the criticisms of Fiske's theory.

answer: Some authors find the theory to be overly simplistic and to have an unfocused basis. Deborah Cook argues that excorporation is not necessarily politic. Ray Browne agrees and thinks Fiske limits or misunderstands the tonality of culture.

question: Summarize the shifting cultural meaning of jeans.

answer: Jeans started out as work pants for workers in the mines. In the 30s, they represented the American cowboy. In the 50s, they came to represent rebellion. By the 60s and 70s, they began to be crafted to individual taste to reflect fashion and social movements, such as psychedelia. They transitioned to designed fashion in the 80s.

question: Summarize some of the support Fiske has gotten for his theory.


text:
Politics

Citing wiped computer server, Georgia Democrat questions results that brought Karen Handel to office

[Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga., said democracy "teeters on the brink of failure" in an intense speech on Tuesday. (CQ Roll Call file photo)]
Rep. Hank Johnson, D-Ga., said democracy "teeters on the brink of failure" in an intense speech on Tuesday. (CQ Roll Call file photo)

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Posted October 31, 2017 at 9:58am

Rep. Hank Johnson indicated Monday he thinks Republicans may have stolen the special election for Georgia’s 6th District from fellow Democrat Jon Ossoff.

Ossoff’s campaign spent more than $30 million, but lost to GOP Rep. Karen Handel by nearly 4 percentage points on June 20. It was the most expensive congressional race in history.

“I think it’s quite possible that Jon Ossoff won that election and the election was stolen from him,” Johnson, who once employed Ossoff as an aide, told WXIA-TV in Atlanta. “That’s my suspicion.”

Johnson cited delayed election results from one county on election night and Ossoff’s strong polling numbers leading up to the vote.

He also mentioned foggy circumstances surrounding a server at Kennesaw State University’s Center for Elections Systems, which stores votes in Georgia.

The server in question had been handed over to the FBI after an alleged data breach in March 2017, but the subsequent investigation found the server uncorrupted. Less than a month after Handel’s victory, the center wiped the election results from the server because it had been “designated to be repurposed… for alternative uses” by the FBI, the university said in a statement.

But Johnson said “Georgia needs to get down to the bottom with happened with the destruction of that very important evidence that now appears to be gone forever.”

Ossoff and his campaign have not publicly made any statements alleging foul play on the election results.

Georgia Secretary of State Brian Kemp’s office has initiated an investigation into the destroyed data.

Handel’s office could not be reached for comment.

Roll Call reached out to Johnson’s office to inquire if he had more than circumstantial evidence to support his theory, but has not received a response.

Handel won the election with 51.8 percent of the vote. Ossoff garnered 48.2 percent after routinely polling slightly higher than Handel in the days and weeks before the election.

Handel assumed the vacated seat of former Rep. Tom Price, who resigned as Secretary of Health and Human Services in September after a charter flight scandal.

question: What is the primary focus of this article?

answer: Rep. Hank Johnson's claims that Republicans stole the special election for Georgia's 6th District.

question: What evidence does Hank Johnson provide for his claims?

answer: Delayed election results from one county on election night, Ossoff's strong polling numbers leading up to the vote, and a server that had election results wiped from it after being handed over to the FBI.

question: What does Jon Ossoff think about Hank Johnson's claims?

answer: Ossoff has not made any public statements about foul play concerning the election results.

question: What election do these claims concern?

answer: The special election for Georgia's 6th District

question: When was this article written?

answer: October 31, 2017

question: Describe the results of the election.

answer: GOP Rep. Karen Handel beat Democrat Jon Ossoff by nearly four percentage points.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The article summarizes claims made by Rep. Hank Johnson that there was foul play in the special election for Georgia's 6th District. GOP Rep. Karen Handel beat Democrat Jon Ossoff in the election by nearly four percentage points. Johnson cites delayed election results, Ossoff's strong polling numbers, and a wiped server containing vote results as evidence for his claims.


text:
I sat in the chair, restrained and left alone for my thoughts to devour me whole. The chair was beautifully uncarved, a masterpiece of nature left unmarred by human hands, yet still uncomfortable enough for a prisoner like me to hate it. It felt like days have gone by in this chair, awaiting my fate, arms and legs bruised from the cuffs that dug into my flesh. My mind was racing, yet muddled; confined by the boundaries that they have placed on my thoughts. Memories repeating, left in a loop for me to regret for the rest of eternity. “Prisoner 339264. Rise for your Arbiter.” The loud hollow voice filled the room and the cuffs released me from their clutches, as I stood for someone who I am to respect, yet have never met. The Arbiter entered through the large steel doors previously hidden by the shadows and motioned for me to take my seat. As I hesitantly sit, the Arbiter began to speak, “You may not know why you are here.” his voice echoed in the large room. “And that is why I have been appointed to you. As a reminder, and as a final decision as to what is to happen to you.” He moved towards the pulpit, and laid out his documents for inspection.

“What you have done is nothing new, a case like yours comes along thousands of times every year, from insignificant, pitiful people like yourself, to more tragic, meaningful people like that American that smelled vaguely of adolescent character, and the famous writer who was found in his house holding his favorite shotgun. But you are lower than them. Theirs was understandable, but not you, you had everything lined up for you. Presented on a platter to choose for your own liking. You left children, both legitimate, and illegitimate, in your wake. Open your mouth, what do you have to say for yourself?” My mouth was parched, and my throat was in a knot. “Who are you?” I finally asked. “Me? I am your judge.” He came around the pulpit, walking towards me as the cuffs, restrained me again. “Your Fate,your King Minos. I am Your Arbiter. That is all you need to know.” I searched my mind for why I was here; one of the vague memories that have been placed off limits, torturing me with its escape. As he walked back, I gathered the nerve to finally ask the question that has been prying at my psyche. “Where am I, and what am I on trial for? I have a right to know!” “YOU HAVE NO RIGHTS HERE! You have lost all rights when your cowardice came over you, and you took your own life, leaving behind your wife, children, brothers, everything! You gave it all up, and for what? Nothing! And look where it's got you. In front of me.” An evil grin spread like the plague across his face. “I have the pleasure of deciding where you spend the rest of eternity.”

Shaken, my heart began to race. I didn't know what he was talking about. “What do you mean? I have no children! I cannot even remember what brought me to this horrid place. Explain!” His eyes glared at me, and for once in a long time I felt intimidated. Genuinely afraid of his sick twisted face. Mocking me with his furrowed brow. His voice became eerily soft “There are things that cannot be explained at this moment, what I can say is that you are in limbo. This is where everyone passes as they wait for their judgment. You are here because you have taken your life, and left a wife and a mistress to raise your children.” My memories began to fade into existence, Carmen's beautiful smile, My daughters letters as she learned Spanish abroad, Hector's diligence. I remember. “People like you cause rifts in The Writing. The only thing that cannot be accounted for, you humans have managed to exploit and cause panic not only in your dimension, but here as well.” I finally understand whats going on, its setting in. “Why did I do it?” I asked. The Arbiter replied quickly “None us know, it is the only thing that has escapes us seven for all of eternity. We have seen people do it for pride, out of fear, anger, even curiosity.”

Seven? “Are you the only Arbiter? If not why are you the one judging me?” His face twisted with a curious look, as though he was surprised, yet elated that I wanted to know about him and the others. “As I said before, there are seven of Us. We reign over your dimension and through a combination of us, we form every human being as their characteristics, or “Feelings”. Some people have more of one of us than others may.” “And as to the reason why I am being judged in front of you?” I beckoned for an answer. “Simple, out of the seven of us, I was the one most inflicted by your final moments. More people felt my presence because of you. And that angers me. Why should a human as incompetent as yourself be able to send shockwaves to dozens that I myself am not able to feel?” His piercing eyes, because soft and glazed over. He turned away from me snatching the files from the pulpit and briskly flipping through them. “So what am I to do?! I'm sorry that I offended you, but there must be something I can do to redeem myself!” I was looking for a way out. The outcome of angering this entity could not be good.

“What you have done is irreversible and irreconcilable. The verdict has been decided. You will return to Earth as your daughter's son. You will be stripped of a father at a young age as you have stripped yourself from your children. You will raise yourself and your siblings, as you left your oldest son to do so without a father. Left to fend for yourself in the tidal wave that you have cause in your past life.” I squirm in my seat at the thought of being sent back to that dreadful place. “NO! You cant send me back there.” I don't even know what I was afraid of. “There is nothing more than I can do, I have judged according to the Laws. You have done the crime. You must now pay the repercussions.” And with that he faded back into the shadowy corner. as the door closed softly behind him, my cuffs became undone. Rubbing my sore wrists, I began wondering what I should do now. When will my punishment begin. And if there is still a way to get around it. “Prisoner 339264. You have been tried and judged. You know your fate.” and with that a dark fear consumed, and pushed me towards a light. Into a realm so bright, cold and intimidating, it is a wonder how anyone could find comfort in this unrelenting place.

title: A short story I wrote for class titled "Inheritance".

question: Describe the narrator?

answer: The narrator is a prisoner awaiting trial for killing himself. He left behind family and the Arbiter claims he had everything going for him.

question: What is the main event of the story?

answer: The narrator learns that he has killed himself and will be punished by spending eternity as his daughter's son, where he will endure the same pain he caused his children.

question: Why does the narrator's heart begin to race?

answer: The narrator has just learned that the Arbiter will be deciding where the narrator spends eternity.

question: Why is "what you have done is irreversible and irreconcilable" said?

answer: The Arbiter is telling the narrator that he has killed himself.

question: What time period is this story?

answer: That information can't be found, but it takes place in a purgatory of sorts.

question: Who is the Arbiter?

answer: He is one of the 7 Arbiters who judge where people  will be sent for all of eternity. This Arbiter was most affected by the narrator's actions and was sent to review his case.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is in a prison awaiting trial. He learns through the Arbiter that he has killed himself and is awaiting judgment to decide where he will be sent for all eternity. The narrator left behind a wife, mistress, and kids. The Arbiter decides to send the narrator back to Earth as his daughter's son. He will be stripped of a father at a young age, as this is what the narrator did to his eldest son.


text:
    We were enjoying the cool night air. I lit a cigarette and took a quick harsh drag. My friend sat next me, quiet. He wouldn’t admit his thoughts, but I could see them on his face. I sat with the cigarette between fingers, slowly burning down, quickly giving me a buzz, relieving my stress. He was waiting for a text. I was waiting for anything. That night I wore shorts and a sweater: comfortably chilled. I can’t remember, but it is possible that we had been drinking.
    From the vantage point of my friend’s porch we could see them approach her building and stand just outside her door. She was anxious. He, as always, was calm and cool.
    I turned to my friend, “Do you see this?” I took a drag, eager for what happened next.
    They stood there. Talking. His jeans loose, hems on the concrete, striped hoody, and backwards flat-billed baseball cap, all synonymous with his profile. She wore a skirt, netted leggings underneath, large boots coming half way up her calf, a low cut shirt and a half buttoned up purple cardigan sweater, her sunset red hair kept neat under a black beret. These two friends stood talking in the dark of night; thinking that they were alone in this moment. That for a few minutes the world was theirs. I watched on, ignorant to my friend’s presence and text chimes. In my mind I saw and heard their conversation. She was thanking him for being a good guy to walk her home. He said it was nothing and that he was happy to do it; “No problem.” One of them checked their phone, probably he did. He motioned to go. She asked him to wait. She stepped in for a hug and embraced him. He wasn’t reluctant, he didn’t stop to think about the implications, and he did not consider his girlfriend hundreds of miles away. He didn’t think about how much his girlfriend meant to him, and he didn’t consider how much this girl holding him right now wanted to be more than friends. He held her tight in his arms. And he released first. She held a second longer, understanding that now, given the circumstances, and his obligations, that he could not be with her. She turned to unlock her door; she pulled it open and stood there, holding it. One hand on the door, the other hanging at her side. They said goodbye, he turned and walked away. But she didn’t turn in. She stood there.
    I was fixated on her. I wanted to walk over to her and tell her I’m sorry it wouldn’t work out with him. I wanted to run after him and tell him what he’s doing to her. But I couldn’t. I watched her. This image is cast in my mind like stone. The yellow lights on the wall above her emitting their soft enveloping glow. The way she held most of her weight on one foot. Her head cocked slightly to one side and inclined towards his fleeting presence. And my friend reclined on next to me. Cigarette smoke drifting before my face in the breeze.
     To me this moment only lasted about fifteen seconds. She watched after him. I saw in her body language how she registered the ramifications of their conversation and interactions. Her body slouched. Her hand fell off the door letting it swing in, stopping against her shoulder. She loosened her firm stance and stepped one foot back to turn, but she couldn’t yet. She had to watch him a few seconds longer; she had to hope that he’d changed; that maybe he did feel the same way for her. Hoped that maybe he’d turn back for her. I could only imagine how long this felt for her, the emotions she felt as he went farther away, without looking back: the impact of his words tonight, the realizations within that hug, the disappointment and despondency of that brief moment. She finally turned in—sad, lonely, defeated. I felt sorry for her. I felt guilty that I had intruded on this moment; that I watched something that was supposed to be private and within only her world.
   I finished my cigarette, crushed the butt, and threw it away.

title: A Goodbye (ws please)

question: Who is the narrator with?

answer: Their friend.

question: Whose building was being approached?

answer: A neighbor they were snooping on.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: Information can't be found.

question: Why could they not be together?

answer: Because the man who walked her home has a girlfriend.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator, along with his friend, watches a woman being walked home by a man she is hopelessly in love with. Unfortunately, her love is not reciprocated. The narrator feels bad for intruding on their moment.


text:
MOOJAN MOMEN is a retired physician and historian specializing in Baháʼí studies who has published numerous books and articles about the Baháʼí Faith including for Encyclopædia Iranica.[1] He is an editor of _Bahaʼi Studies Review_ and serves as a faculty member at the Wilmette Institute.[2] Moojan Momen was born in Iran but raised in England, where he lives in Bedfordshire, with his wife Wendi.[3]

Articles

-   -   -   -

Books

-   -   Momen, Moojan, _An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism_, Yale University Press, 1985.
-   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -

[1] Baháʼí Library Online: Documents by Moojan Momen. Retrieved December 25, 2016

[2] Wilmette Institute: Moojan Momen. Retrieved December 25, 2016

[3] Bahaikipedia: Moojan Momen complete biography. Retrieved December 25, 2016.

title: Moojan Momen

question: Who is Moojan Momen?

answer: Moojan Momen is a physician and historian specializing in Baháʼí studies.

question: Where is Moojan Momen from?

answer: Moojan Momen was born in Iran but raised in England, where he lives.

question: What is Moojan Momen known for?

answer: He is known for his work on Baháʼí Faith.

question: Who is Wendy?

answer: Wendy is Moojan Momen's wife.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Moojan Momen is an Iranian physician and historian specializing in Baháʼí studies. He lives in England. He is an editor of 'Bahaʼi Studies Review' and serves as a faculty member at the Wilmette Institute. He wrote the book 'An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism' in 1985.


text:
elvira_jones has initiated a conversation with adam10_.
23:50 elvira_jones: how did ur surgry go last wk?
23:50 adam10_: ok they got the tumor out of my head. it was small b9. no pain tho hpy to be hm
23:52 elvira_jones: :) good i worried bout u
23:58 elvira_jones: nite im checkin out
23:58 adam10_: u2 thx <3
The conversation between adam10_ and elvira_jones has ended.

adam10 has initiated a conversation with adam10_.
23:59 adam10: who r u?
00:00 adam10_: who r u?
00:05 adam10: hello?
00:05:51 adam10_: hello?
00:07 adam10: seriously who r u
00:08 adam10_: a;lsdfklj;kasdfkl;j
00:08 adam10: wtf?
00:08 adam10_: wtf?
00:08 adam10: woerowiueoierw
00:08 adam10: elvira?
00:08 adam10: u creep me out
00:08 adam10: stop this sht!
00:08 adam10_: stop it!
00:09 adam10: im serious
00:09 adam10_: im serious
00:09 adam10: alskdjfhasdasldkjf
00:09 adam10: is this a joke?
00:08 adam10_: alskdfj;asdquoioieruw3482
The conversation between adam10_ and adam10 has ended.

adam10_ has initiated a conversation with docPhillips_.
00:15 adam10_: hey dr p? sorry to bother you so late i didn't know if ur awake
00:15 docPhillips_: How are you feeling?
00:18 adam10_: i think im having delusions weird texts from a guy named with my old username
00:18 docPhillips_: Oh, yeah.. Hey don't worry about that - it's part of the tests we told you about.
00:19 adam10_: no no this is different he types what i'm going to type in the future before i type it!
00:19 docPhillips_: Ok, so the thing is.. Remember the form you signed saying that we could use any data we were able to gather from your surgery?
00:19 adam10_: ya
00:19 docPhillips_: Well, we modeled your brain in a computer. I guess Dr. Minsky left it on all night. I'm sorry.
00:23 adam10_: no way
00:23 docPhillips_: Yeah, we'll turn it off first thing tomorrow morning.
00:27 adam10_: no u dont understand no not rite this creeps me out
00:27 docPhillips_: Really, I promise, we'll turn it off in the morning. It won't bother you again.
00:30 adam10_: no ur using my brain???!!! thats not rite at all dude im gonna sue ur ass
00:30 docPhillips_: Don't be upset. Look, we'll talk about this in the morning, get it all straightened out.
00:31 adam10_: no im goin to call my lawyer in the am get all over this shit
00:31 docPhillips_: Julia,
00:31 adam10_: dude wrong chat window
00:31 docPhillips_: could you or one of the other nurses turn off adam10_ pls? Thx.
00:31 adam10_: wtf

title: Echo

question: Who is communicating via the chat log?

answer: Adam exchanges messages with Elvira first, then a computer model of his own brain, and finally Dr. Phillips.

question: What is the main conflict?

answer: Adam has had a brain tumor surgically removed and the doctors used the data to create a computer model of his brain against his knowledge.

question: Why are there two Adam usernames?

answer: One is a human, the other is a computer model that responds exactly as the person would.

question: Why is there a doctor involved?

answer: Adam is concerned the messages could be delusions, so he contacts one of his doctors.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Adam (username adam10_) recently had a benign tumor surgically removed from his brain. After the surgery, the doctors used the data to create a computer model of the brain without Adam's knowledge. Adam discovers this when he is contacted by his old username adam10, which preemptively responds exactly the way Adam would. The doctor mistakes the chat window with Adam for one of his nurses and asks the nurse to turn off adam10_.


text:
[From left, LOWELL P. WEICKER JR., of Connecticut, born in Paris, was told he was eligible for the Oval Office. GEORGE ROMNEY, born in Mexico, ran for the presidency in 1968. BARRY GOLDWATER was born in the Arizona territory in 1909, before it became a state. CHESTER A. ARTHUR was born in Vermont, but rumors suggested it was Canada.]

-   Feb. 28, 2008
-

WASHINGTON — The question has nagged at the parents of Americans born outside the continental United States for generations: Dare their children aspire to grow up and become president? In the case of Senator John McCain of Arizona, the issue is becoming more than a matter of parental daydreaming.

Mr. McCain’s likely nomination as the Republican candidate for president and the happenstance of his birth in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 are reviving a musty debate that has surfaced periodically since the founders first set quill to parchment and declared that only a “natural-born citizen” can hold the nation’s highest office.

Almost since those words were written in 1787 with scant explanation, their precise meaning has been the stuff of confusion, law school review articles, whisper campaigns and civics class debates over whether only those delivered on American soil can be truly natural born. To date, no American to take the presidential oath has had an official birthplace outside the 50 states.

“There are powerful arguments that Senator McCain or anyone else in this position is constitutionally qualified, but there is certainly no precedent,” said Sarah H. Duggin, an associate professor of law at Catholic University who has studied the issue extensively. “It is not a slam-dunk situation.”

Mr. McCain was born on a military installation in the Canal Zone, where his mother and father, a Navy officer, were stationed. His campaign advisers say they are comfortable that Mr. McCain meets the requirement and note that the question was researched for his first presidential bid in 1999 and reviewed again this time around.

But given mounting interest, the campaign recently asked Theodore B. Olson, a former solicitor general now advising Mr. McCain, to prepare a detailed legal analysis. “I don’t have much doubt about it,” said Mr. Olson, who added, though, that he still needed to finish his research.

Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina and one of Mr. McCain’s closest allies, said it would be incomprehensible to him if the son of a military member born in a military station could not run for president.

“He was posted there on orders from the United States government,” Mr. Graham said of Mr. McCain’s father. “If that becomes a problem, we need to tell every military family that your kid can’t be president if they take an overseas assignment.”

The phrase “natural born” was in early drafts of the Constitution. Scholars say notes of the Constitutional Convention give away little of the intent of the framers. Its origin may be traced to a letter from John Jay to George Washington, with Jay suggesting that to prevent foreigners from becoming commander in chief, the Constitution needed to “declare expressly” that only a natural-born citizen could be president.

Ms. Duggin and others who have explored the arcane subject in depth say legal argument and basic fairness may indeed be on the side of Mr. McCain, a longtime member of Congress from Arizona. But multiple experts and scholarly reviews say the issue has never been definitively resolved by either Congress or the Supreme Court.

Ms. Duggin favors a constitutional amendment to settle the matter. Others have called on Congress to guarantee that Americans born outside the national boundaries can legitimately see themselves as potential contenders for the Oval Office.

“They ought to have the same rights,” said Don Nickles, a former Republican senator from Oklahoma who in 2004 introduced legislation that would have established that children born abroad to American citizens could harbor presidential ambitions without a legal cloud over their hopes. “There is some ambiguity because there has never been a court case on what ‘natural-born citizen’ means.”

Mr. McCain’s situation is different from those of the current governors of California and Michigan, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jennifer M. Granholm, who were born in other countries and were first citizens of those nations, rendering them naturalized Americans ineligible under current interpretations. The conflict that could conceivably ensnare Mr. McCain goes more to the interpretation of “natural born” when weighed against intent and decades of immigration law.

Mr. McCain is not the first person to find himself in these circumstances. The last Arizona Republican to be a presidential nominee, Barry Goldwater, faced the issue. He was born in the Arizona territory in 1909, three years before it became a state. But Goldwater did not win, and the view at the time was that since he was born in a continental territory that later became a state, he probably met the standard.

It also surfaced in the 1968 candidacy of George Romney, who was born in Mexico, but again was not tested. The former Connecticut politician Lowell P. Weicker Jr., born in Paris, sought a legal analysis when considering the presidency, an aide said, and was assured he was eligible. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. was once viewed as a potential successor to his father, but was seen by some as ineligible since he had been born on Campobello Island in Canada. The 21st president, Chester A. Arthur, whose birthplace is Vermont, was rumored to have actually been born in Canada, prompting some to question his eligibility.

Quickly recognizing confusion over the evolving nature of citizenship, the First Congress in 1790 passed a measure that did define children of citizens “born beyond the sea, or out of the limits of the United States to be natural born.” But that law is still seen as potentially unconstitutional and was overtaken by subsequent legislation that omitted the “natural-born” phrase.

Mr. McCain’s citizenship was established by statutes covering the offspring of Americans abroad and laws specific to the Canal Zone as Congress realized that Americans would be living and working in the area for extended periods. But whether he qualifies as natural-born has been a topic of Internet buzz for months, with some declaring him ineligible while others assert that he meets all the basic constitutional qualifications — a natural-born citizen at least 35 years of age with 14 years of residence.

“I don’t think he has any problem whatsoever,” said Mr. Nickles, a McCain supporter. “But I wouldn’t be a bit surprised if somebody is going to try to make an issue out of it. If it goes to court, I think he will win.”

Lawyers who have examined the topic say there is not just confusion about the provision itself, but uncertainty about who would have the legal standing to challenge a candidate on such grounds, what form a challenge could take and whether it would have to wait until after the election or could be made at any time.

In a paper written 20 years ago for the Yale Law Journal on the natural-born enigma, Jill Pryor, now a lawyer in Atlanta, said that any legal challenge to a presidential candidate born outside national boundaries would be “unpredictable and unsatisfactory.”

“If I were on the Supreme Court, I would decide for John McCain,” Ms. Pryor said in a recent interview. “But it is certainly not a frivolous issue.”

question: Where was McCain born?

answer: In Panama territory.

question: What is the problem for McCain's presidential campaign?

answer: The constitution says one must be a "natural born citizen" to be elected President of the United States of America.

question: Has any other candidate faced this issue?

answer: Barry Goldwater did for being born in Arizona in 1909 before it became a State.

question: Where was the 21st President, Chester A. Arthur born?

answer: Vermont, but there were rumors he was born in Canada.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article discusses the candidacy of John McCain and the fact that he was not a natural-born U.S. citizen - leading many to wonder whether he was legally allowed to be President. The article examines similar cases in American history, and speculates.


text:
I know I had come across true love once, and I know it because the feeling still burns in my bones. I met him at the age of 4, his name was Elijah. Never in a million years would I have thought that I would see him fade into colorless dust, brushing away to coat the earth and never be found, leaving his family like a shipwreck in a never-ending tide. Elijah, oh how much I could have done for you, how much I could have done to save you. But in my seven year old shoes, I stood paralyzed as menacing arms gripped mine, with a scolding voice that replayed over and over in my head. One day, we were going to stare deep into each-others eyes, telling ourselves it was where we wanted to be for the rest of our lives. We were going to run in our adult shoes, playing tag, until our legs didn't work anymore. That was our true fate, not this. But now I live with a demon always sitting on my shoulder. He likes to laugh at me for what I've done, reminding me of the horrors over again, just as soon as I try to move on. He binds me with chains of silence, he binds me with a closed mind. He draws the man who burnt my clothes, the man who burnt your life. Elijah, I could have saved you.
Elijah... One day, I hope you will forgive me.

But do you remember our last day together, Elijah? The one where we walked home from school through fields of gold, spinning the earth beneath our feet? Do you remember the sun and how it melted the clouds beneath it, revealing the freckles on our faces? Our hands intertwined unconsciously, as our tiny hearts beat like racing drums. We ran until our laughter knocked us down, and stayed until the sky was coated with marmalade. If only we could have frozen the moment and never moved on. If only we could have both stayed in our seven year old bodies. If only I had never been given the opportunity to grow up alone.

I wish our hands stayed intertwined the whole way through. I wish we closed our eyes, and imagined the sun was melting us into the fields of gold. I wish my little legs didn't learn to escape. I wish it was me instead of you, so that you could have run home to your family, letting them know everything was okay.
And in this moment, I wish the fires that covered you could dry my tears.

I searched for you in the eyes of the sun, in the dancing wheat that feathered my eyes, in the butterfly wings that flapped my hair gently behind my ears. I searched for you in the cotton tails of the milk weeds, parting from their buds, to say hello as soon as they said goodbye, soon brushing through familiar cornstalks, to reveal your marble face. Oh Elijah, how I wait for the day your smile will bring the field back to life, but all I see are charcoal dusted, broken stalks, with a demon dancing on top of a mountain of ember lit ashes, acting as if nothing were wrong, as if this place were a sanctuary of good dreams, where kids like us could play all day and all night long and never be taken away. Elijah, I can't look at those milk weeds anymore, because they always say hello, and I never got to say good-bye.

The heat of Summer always reminded me of the comfort of my mother, but now, it greets me like the trees of Winter. Somehow I stay horrendously captivated in Summer's reign, climbing through Peter as you once did, with trembling soles that found it hard to grip his bark, hoping to keep balance long enough to pick a peach that matched the colors of the run down sky. Remember when you would take a big bite, back cradled against Peter's torso, trying to caress the crescent moon into the empty space? I guess the real question is, how could you ever forget it? You were my summer, Elijah, and now it's nothing but a bittersweet memory.

They tell me to try and remember. They tell me it's okay, and that all I have to do is tell them what I saw. I close my eyes, but I can't see anything through the screaming of red and orange flares. He sits beside me, gripping my skin tight, hanging sharp teeth over a dirtied lip. He threatens me with hell, and as he threatens me with fire, I feel familiar fingers curling into mine.

“C'mon, don't look so sad!”

“But, Elijah... don't you understand?”

He turns his head upwards to see me, and sits down, picking dandelions out of the ground.

“Yeah I do... I miss playing tag.”

“Isn't there anyone there you can play with?”

“Yeah, but they aren't as fun as you and they can't run as fast.”

I cry as he holds out a group of dandelions.

“But you're getting older now, April.”

I take them.

“Elijah...”

His fingers curl around mine.

“It gets harder and harder to hold your hand.”

“But I'll always hold yours.”

I see a tear roll down his cheek.

“Can I ask you a question, Eli?”

“Yeah?”

“Why aren't you mad at me?”

He stops pulling the grass and looks at me.

“You're not the bad man.”

“...But I could've saved you.”

“April, do you remember the sun and how it melted the clouds beneath it?”

“Elijah, the real question is, how could I ever forget it?”

title: "Elijah"

question: What is this story about?

answer: A girl whose best friend, Elijah, died when she was a child.

question: What is the main character wrestling with in the story?

answer: Guilt.

question: Who was the first person the narrator loved?

answer: Elijah.

question: What ends the story?

answer: A conversation between April and Elijah in the world of memory.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This story is about a girl named April remembering a childhood friend named Elijah, whom she loved, and thinking about the time he died and wrestling with her guilt.


text:
LORENZO TUCKER (June 27, 1907 – August 19, 1986), known as the “Black Valentino,” was an American stage and screen actor who played the romantic lead in the early black films of Oscar Micheaux.

Acting career

Born in Philadelphia, Tucker started acting at Temple University where he was a student.[1] Tucker also appeared early in his career with Bessie Smith on cross-country tours.[2]

From 1926 to 1946, Tucker appeared in 18 of Micheaux's films, including _When Men Betray_ (1928); _Wages of Sin_ (1929); _Easy Street_ (1930); _Harlem Big Show_, _Veiled Aristocrats_ (1932); _Ten Minutes To Live_ (1932); _Harlem After Midnight_ (1934); _Temptation_ (1935); and _Underworld_ (1937).[3] He became known as the “Black Valentino” because of his good looks and role as the romantic lead in the early black cinema.[4] Tucker noted the irony of the appellation since he believed Rudolph Valentino had a darker complexion than Tucker.[5] He became a movie star to black America and was often mentioned in the leading black newspapers.[6] One of Micheaux and Tucker's most controversial films was _Veiled Aristocrats_ where Tucker played a black man who passed as white and tried to persuade his sister also to pass for white.[7] He also made an uncredited cameo appearance with Paul Robeson in 1933's _The Emperor Jones_.

Tucker was also a successful stage actor, appearing on Broadway in _The Constant Sinner_, _Ol' Man Satan_, and _Humming Sam_. His most controversial role came in _The Constant Sinner_ in which he portrayed a pimp, Money Johnson, and in which Mae West was his prostitute, Babe Gordon. Though miscegenation was still outlawed in some parts of the south, the play included a scene in which Tucker kissed West. When the play opened in Washington, D.C., the press was outraged to see a black man kissing a white woman, and demands were made that the scene be excised from the play. West rejected demands, and the play left Washington.[8] The Shuberts refused to permit Tucker to play the role, and white actor George Givot was hired to play the role wearing blackface.[9] Despite the Shuberts' decision, West cast Tucker in a few minor parts, including the role of a Spaniard who walks across the stage. When a woman asks West's character who that is, West responded, “Oh, he's Spanish — he's my Spanish fly!”

Later years

During World War II, Tucker was a tail gunner in the U.S. Army Air Corps.[10] After the war, Tucker appeared in Louis Jordan's film _Reet, Petite and Gone_; in the early 1950s, he returned to the stage appearing in a London production of _Anna Lucasta_.

Tucker later became an autopsy technician for the New York City medical examiner, where he worked on the bodies of Malcolm X and Nina Mae McKinney.[11]

Tucker died of lung cancer at age 79 at his home in Hollywood, California. His funeral took place at Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church.[12]

Honors and awards

In 1974, Tucker was inducted into the Black Film Makers Hall of Fame,[13] and he received the Audelco Recognition Award in 1981.[14] On the November 14, 1985 “Denise Drives” episode of _The Cosby Show_, Clair Huxtable quizzes Denise Huxtable on car safety asking if she should stop her car for a stranger on a dark rainy night with “hair like Lorenzo Tucker, eyes like Billy Dee and a smile like Nat King Cole.”[15]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Watts, Jill. Mae West: An Icon in Black and White. Oxford University Press, 2001. p 136.

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

title: Lorenzo Tucker

question: What does the article say about racial issues?

answer: Tucker's film Veiled Aristocrats was controversial because he played a black man who passed as white and tried to persuade his sister to do the same. His role in The Constant Sinner was the most controversial, as it involved him kissing Mae West. The press was outraged to see a black man kissing a white woman. He was replaced with a white actor who played the role in blackface.

question: Summarize Tucker's career outside of the film industry.

answer: Tucker served as a tail gunner in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. He later became an autopsy technician for the New York City medical examiner.

question: Summarize Tucker's personal life.

question: Summarize Tucker's relationship with Oscar Micheaux.

answer: Tucker frequently played the romantic lead in Oscar Micheaux's early black films. He appeared in 18 of Micheaux's films. One of their most controversial films was Veiled Aristocrats.


text:
VELUNJE (Welunje) is a large village located in Trimbakeshwar of Nashik district, Maharashtra, India.

Welunje village has lower literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Welunje village was 66.53% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra. In Welunje, male literacy stands at 75.61% while female literacy rate was 57.10%.

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Welunje village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

title: Velunje

question: What is Velunje?

answer: It is a large village located in Trimbakeshwar of Nashik district, Maharashtra, India.

question: What is a Sarpanch?

answer: A Sarpanch or "Head of Village" is an elected representative of the village and is in charge of administering it, as per India's constitution and the Panchyati Raaj Act.

question: What is the literacy rate in Welunje village compared to Maharashtra?

answer: As of 2011, the literacy rate of Welunje village was 66.53% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra.

question: Compare male and female literacy rates in Welunje village.

answer: Male literacy stands at 75.61% while the female literacy rate was 57.10%.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Velunje (Welunje) is a large village located in Trimbakeshwar of Nashik district, Maharashtra, India which is administered by a Sarpanch or head of the village. As of 2011, the literacy rate of Welunje village was 66.53% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra.


text:
Imagine a world, a world in the future. Not the near future like in back to the future. A future where humans are the underdog, not the likeable underdog as in david and goliath where he wins even through the odds are not in his favor. This is the near future where the humans are the slaves, the slaves to the dragons. Why not robots, you might ask. Well robots are always the slave masters that have taken over the world. Don't you think dragons should get their chance at having a fierce reign over the whole known world?

These dragons aren't just ordinary dragons, known from popular - well medieval - literature, no these fierce-full creatures, huge in their appearance, need us humans. I didn't get to describe the dragon yet, so don't panik just now. They usually don't hurt you. Look over there. See that majestic creature? His name is Draaga.

You see him, 10 meters tall, imagining him next to a typical one story house, he would be able to look over it without a problem.  Cars seem small next to him. His scales - every dragon has scales, where were you the last 100 years? - are shining in a matt metallic green. Can't imagine it? Fuck off, he's a dragon. He can look as impossible as he wants to.

Back to Draaga, why am I showing you him? He is special. He doesn't just enslave humans for his needs, no he has dragons under his rule. These dragons do menial work for him. Build him caves, find him mates, and they even bring him food. But he still is a healthy dragon. He isn't lazy like others might be in his position. He only does /fun/ things. That is where we humans come into play.

Dragons have kept good care of us humans. We might not be able to vote, or have our own property, but they need us. Specially they need the intelligent humans. You must know, dragons want to have fun. We can provide them with fun. Real fun.

Dragons have selectively breeded the most intelligent humans for the past 5 generations. For you math lazy people, that's more than 400 years. Only the most adapt, the most intelligent humans survived their selection. They built us - and helped us build - schools, universities, laboratories and more. These have only one function. To make us have the ability to produce psychedelic drugs. Acid in particular. That is their fun. That is our existence. Producing and refining Acid for the pleasure of dragons. Would you want to live in that future? FUCK YEAH DRAGONS!!!!

title: Future, Acid, Dragons. Tell me what you think.

question: When is the story set?

answer: The author is writing in the present, describing a version of the distant future.

question: Summarize everything relating to acid.

answer: In the distant future, dragons recreationally do the drug acid, and it is the main reason they keep humans around as slaves (that have been bred selectively) - so humans can produce the acid for the dragons' pleasure.

question: Describe the social structure.

answer: Humans live as slaves under dragon rule.

question: How are the "Future, Acid, Dragons" from the title related?

answer: The text describes a future in which dragons do drugs like acid recreationally.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author is writing in the present, describing a version of the distant future in which humans live as slaves under dragon rule and are selectively bred to be intelligent so as to best serve the dragons by producing acid (the drug) for the dragons' recreational use.


text:
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Waterboy GraphicsMatt Jones2020-04-16T16:45:07+00:00
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Check Out Our 2019 Products and Services!

We have all new content for our 2019 Kindness Campaign, including new artwork and now Spanish versions

You can flip through our 2019 Sports Catalog and Academic Catalog to see what we have done over the past year.

512.688.5656
info@waterboygraphics.com

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Check Out Our 2019 Products and Services!

We have all new content for our 2019 Kindness Campaign, including new artwork and now Spanish versions

You can flip through our 2019 Sports Catalog and Academic Catalog to see what we have done over the past year.

512.688.5656
info@waterboygraphics.com

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WHO WE ARE

Ty Gipson, owner of Waterboy and avid sports fan, opened a traditional print shop in 2006, but he enjoys the sports world so much that he launched Waterboy Graphics in 2015 as a true sports graphics company. Waterboy Graphics focuses on all levels of sports with custom designs to fit your every need.

Ty’s motto is, “When you enjoy what you do, it shows”. With that mindset, he formed the “A-Team” of graphic designers, production and install crews. From start to finish, the goal of Waterboy Graphics is to provide you with complete satisfaction and a pride that moves from coaches and players throughout your community.

WHAT WE DO

Waterboy Graphics is ready to take your facility to the next level. All it takes is a quick phone call or email to start the process of upgrading your facilities, locker rooms or even add simple signs. Our experienced team will come out to provide you with great customer service and help with ideas and measurements to make it as easy as possible.

Waterboy will use your school logo, team mascot, and colors to create your own high quality custom designs. Together we can create a winning atmosphere for your venue, design for your vehicles, locker rooms and more!

Partner Spotlight

We team up with Hardwood, Texas to create a basketball scorebook used all over the country by high school basketball coaches. Check out how we hand craft everyone of these scorebooks. You can purchase now at hardwoodtexas.com

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Thank you for considering Waterboy Graphics to be the one to upgrade your facility to the next level. Please leave us your name, school, contact information, a brief description of what you are wanting, and our Project Coordinator will be in touch with you soon.

Again, we thank you for your consideration. We look forward to doing business with you!

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question: What is this post?

answer: It seems to be a website for waterboygraphics.com.

question: What does the post highlight from the website?

answer: Who they are, what they do, partner spotlight, and contact information.

question: Who is Waterboy Graphics?

answer: Ty Gipson is the owner of Waterboy and avid sports fan. He opened Waterboy Graphics in 2015; Waterboy Graphics focuses creates custom designs to fit every sport need.

question: Who is listed as their partner in "Partner Spotlight"?

answer: We team up with Hardwood, Texas to create a basketball scorebook used all over the country by high school basketball coaches.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This post is a website for waterboygraphics.com. Ty Gipson is the owner of Waterboy and avid sports fan. He opened Waterboy Graphics in 2015; Waterboy Graphics focuses creates custom designs to fit every sport need.


text:
A professor at Duke University found herself in hot water after the editor-in-chief of the school’s student newspaper, The Chronicle, questioned a controversial policy listed on her course syllabus.

On the online syllabus for “Inside Hedge Funds,” economics lecturer Linsey Lebowitz Hughes appears to have banned journalists under a heading entitled “IMPORTANT NOTES.”

“Anyone who is on the staff of The Chronicle is not permitted to take this class. Please honor this in order that we can continue to get high quality visitors & information,” the syllabus reads.

Likhitha Butchireddygari, the editor-in-chief of The Chronicle who broke the story, reveals that the specification isn’t new. Fall 2014 and Fall 2015 course syllabi spell out the same restriction.

While the wording seems pretty clear, Duke’s associate chair in economics, Emma Rasiel, told The Chronicle that the language was not supposed to be taken at face value. Rasiel argues that it was just a “poorly worded attempt to remind students that the comments of guest speakers should be considered ‘off the record’ and not reported in the media or on social media.”

Michael Schoenfeld, Duke’s vice president for student affairs and government relations, added that, "No one was, or ever will be, barred from enrolling in any class because they are affiliated with the Duke Chronicle or any other student organization."

This might be true, but that doesn’t mean that this note in the syllabus didn’t dissuade journalists from taking the course this year or in past years. According to Schoenfeld, the administration doesn’t review every course syllabus each semester.

Schoenfeld’s explanation actually makes the situation even more concerning, as it means that professors and lecturers have the freedom to discriminate against whoever they want until they get caught.

“This syllabus with the provocative wording has been around for three or four years,” said Butchireddygari. “If these administrators didn't even know about this syllabus, how can they claim to know about perhaps more covert attempts to exclude students?”

Butchireddygari worries that there is nothing “stopping professors from excluding certain students” and she makes a good point. If professors can add whatever language they want to their syllabi, what is stopping them from blocking students with specific religious or political affiliations?

Could conservative students be the next victims of “syllabus discrimination” once Duke is no longer operating in “damage control” mode?

_Brendan Pringle (@BrendanPringle) is a freelance journalist in California. He is a National Journalism Center graduate and formerly served as a development officer for Young America's Foundation at the Reagan Ranch._

question: Why is Professor Linsey Lebowitz in hot water?

answer: On her syllabus, she said anyone who is on the staff of The Chronicle is not permitted to take her course.

question: Where did this occur?

answer: Duke Universtiy

question: What is the course called?

answer: "Inside Hedge Funds"

question: What do some staffers submit as a broad concern with Lebowitz' rule?

answer: It might pave the way for professors to discriminate against students based on their careers and political affiliations.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Linsey Lebowitz, a lecturer at Duke University, has come under heat for putting on the syllabus for her course "Inside Hedge Funds" that anyone on the staff of The Chronicle is not permitted to join the course. Some professors are criticizing the move because it might pave the way for lecturers and academics to discriminate against students based on their careers and political affiliations.