text:
MARDIN (, ,[1] [2][3]) is a city in southeastern Turkey. The capital of Mardin Province in Turkish Kurdistan, it is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River that rises steeply over the flat plains.[4][5] The city has large populations of Kurds, Arabs, and Assyrians.[6] A 2013 study showed that Kurds are the majority in Mardin Province, while they make up 49% of the population of the capital cities of Mardin and Midyat. The same study showed that 49% of Mardin's population identify as Arabs.[7]

History

[Close-up of the old town] [Another detail of the old town]

Antiquity and etymology

The territory of Mardin and Karaca Dağ was known as Izalla in the Late Bronze Age (variously: KURAzalzi, KURAzalli, KURIzalla), and originally part of a Hurrian kingdom. The city and its surrounds were absorbed into Assyria proper during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1020 BC), and then again during the Neo Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC).[8] The ancient name was rendered as _Izalā_ in Old Persian, and during the Achaemenid Empire (546–332 BCE) according to the Behistun Inscription it was still regarded as an integral part of the geo-political entity of Assyria (Achaemenid Assyria, Athura).[9] It survived into the Assyrian Christian period as the name of Mt. Izala (Izla), on which in the early 4th century AD stood the monastery of Nisibis, housing seventy monks.[10] In the Roman period, the city itself was known as _Marida_ (_Merida_),[11][12] from a Syriac/Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language name translating to “fortress”.[13][14]

Between c.150 BC and 250 AD (apart from a brief Roman intervention when it became a part of Assyria (Roman province) it was part of the Neo-Assyrian kingdom of Osroene.[15] In the late 3rd century AD Shapur II conquered Mardin and Osroene into the Sassanid Empire (224–651 AD) after which the region became part of the province of Assuristan.

Medieval history

[Mardin, 1690] Byzantine Izala fell to the Seljuks in the 11th century. During the Artuqid period, many of Mardin's historic buildings were constructed, including several mosques, palaces, madrassas and khans. Mardin served as the capital of one of the two Artuqid branches during the 11th and 12th centuries. The lands of the Artukid dynasty fell to the Mongol invasion sometime between 1235 and 1243, but the Artuqids continued to govern as vassals of the Mongol Empire.[16] During the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, the Artuqid governor revolted against Mongol rule. Hulagu's general and Chupan's ancestor, Koke-Ilge of the Jalayir, stormed the city and Hulegu appointed the rebel's son, al-Nasir, governor of Mardin. Although, Hulagu suspected the latter's loyalty for a while, thereafter the Artuqids remained loyal unlike nomadic Bedouin and Kurd tribes in the south western frontier. The Mongol Ilkhanids considered them important allies. For this loyalty they showed, Artuqids were given more lands in 1298 and 1304. Mardin later passed to the Aq Qoyunlu, a federation of Turkic tribes that controlled territory all the way to the Caspian Sea.

During the medieval period, the town (which retained significant Assyrian and Armenian populations) became the centre for episcopal sees of Armenian Apostolic, Armenian Catholic, Church of the East, Syriac Catholic, churches, as well as a stronghold of the Syriac Orthodox Church, whose patriarchal see was headquartered in the nearby Saffron Monastery from 1034 to 1924.[17] In 1451 the Kara Koyunlu besieged the castle of Mardin, damaging the city after their failed attempt to take the stronghold. About half a century later, in 1507, Ismail I of the Safavids succeeded to capture the city and the castle.[18] [Lush plains south of Mardin] [Filigree art in Mardin, known as _Telkârî_]

Ottoman Empire

A few years later in 1515, the city yielded to the Ottomans, who were bitter rivals of the Safavid dynasty, though the castle still remained under the control of Ismail I. One year later, the Ottomans under the leadership of Selim I besieged the city anew and eventually annexed it in 1517.[19] During this time, Mardin was administered by a governor directly appointed under the Ottoman Sultan's authority.

The city experienced a relatively tranquil period under Ottoman rule, without any significant conflicts or plights. This period of peace was finally halted when the Ottoman Empire came into conflict with the Khedivate of Egypt. During this time the city came under the rule of insurgents associated with the Milli clan. In 1835, the Milli tribe was subdued by the military troops of the Wāli of Diyarbekir Eyalet, Reşid Mehmed Pasha.[20] Between 1847 and 1865 the city's population suffered from a notable cholera epidemic, with the exact number of fatalities not known.[21] During World War I Mardin was one of the sites affected by the Armenian Genocide. On the eve of World War I, Mardin was home to over 12,000 Assyrians and over 7,500 Armenians.[22] During the armed conflicts and plights caused by the war, many were sent to the Ras al-'Ayn Camps, though some managed to escape to the Sinjar Mountain with help from local Chechens.[23] Kurds and Arabs of Mardin typically refer to these events as “fırman” (government order), while Syriacs call it “seyfo” (sword).[24] After the Armistice of Mudros Mardin was one of the Turkish cities that was not occupied by the troops of the Allied Powers.

Modern History

In 1923, with the founding of the Republic of Turkey, Mardin was made the administrative capital of a province named after it. Many Assyrian survivors of the violence, later on, left Mardin for nearby Qamishli in the 1940s after their conscription in the Turkish military became compulsory.[25] As the Turkish Government subdued the Sheikh Said Rebellion in 1925, the first and the fourteenth cavalry division were stationed in Mardin.[26]

Through a passed law in 2012 Mardin became a metropolitan municipality, which took office after the Turkish local elections in 2014.[27]

Ecclesiastical history

A bishopric of the Assyrian Church of the East was centered on the town when it was part of the Roman province of Assyria. It was a suffragan see of [Edessa], the provincial [metropolitan see].

It eventually became part of the Catholic Church in the late 17th century AD following a breakaway from the Assyrian Church, and is the (nominal) seat of three sees of the Catholic Church: the current Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mardin and two (now) titular sees under the ancient name of the town :[28] former Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Mardin, now Titular see of Mardin only, and former Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Mardin and Amida, now titular see (initially as mere Eparchy).

Historical landmarks

[Main post office building] Mardin has often been considered an open-air museum due to its historical architecture. Most buildings use the beige colored limestone rock which has been mined for centuries in quarries around the area.

Churches

[Mor Hananyo Monastery]

-   Meryemana (Virgin Mary) Church- A Syriac Catholic Church, built in 1895 as the Patriarchal Church, as the Syriac Catholic see was in Mardin up until the Assyrian Genocide.[29]
-   Red (Surp Kevork) Church- An Armenian Apostolic Church renovated in 2015[30][31]
-   Mor Yusuf (Surp Hovsep; St Joseph) Church - An Armenian Catholic Church[32]
-   Mor Behnam (Kırk Şehitler) Church - A Syriac Orthodox Church built in the name of Mor Behnam and Mort Saro, the son and daughter of a ruler; dates back to 569 AD[33]
-   Mor Hirmiz Church - A Chaldean Catholic Church in Mardin- It was once the Metropolitan cathedral of the Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mardin, prior to it lapsing in 1941. Nevertheless, One Chaldean family remains to maintain it.[34]
-   Mor Mihail Church -A Syriac Orthodox Church located on the southern edge of Mardin.
-   Mor Simuni Church - A Syriac Orthodox Church with a large courtyard.[35]
-   Mor Petrus and Pavlus (SS. Peter and Paul) Church - A 160 year old Assyrian Protestant Church, recently renovated.[36]
-   Mor Cercis Church
-   Deyrü'z-Zafaran Monastery or THE MONASTERY OF ST. ANANIAS is 5 kilometers southeast of the city. The Syriac Orthodox Saffron Monastery was founded in 493 AD and is one of the oldest monasteries in the world and the largest in Southern Turkey, alongside Mor Gabriel Monastery. From 1160 until 1932, it was the seat of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, until the Patriarchate relocated to the Syrian capital Damascus. The site of the monastery itself is said to have been used as a temple by sun worshipers as long ago as 2000 BC.[37][38]

Islamic monuments

Mosques

[The Great Mosque of Mardin] [Zinciriye Medrese] [Zinciriye Medrese]

-   Great Mosque (Ulu Camii) - constructed in the 12th century by the ruler of the Artukid Turks, Qutb ad-din Ilghazi. It has a ribbed dome and a minaret that soars above the city. There were originally two minarets, but one collapsed many centuries ago.
-   Melik Mahmut Mosque - built in the 14th century and contains the tomb of its patron Melik Mahmut. It is known for its large gate which features elaborate stonework.
-   Abdüllatif Mosque (Latfiye Mosque) - built-in 1371 by the Artukid ruler Abdüllatif. Its minaret was destroyed by Tamerlane's army and rebuilt many centuries later in 1845 by the Ottoman Governor Gürcü Mehmet Pasha.
-   Şehidiye Medresse and Mosque - built-in 1214 by Artuk Aslan. It has an elaborate ribbed minaret and an adjoining madrassa.
-   Selsel Mosque
-   Necmettin Gazi Mosque
-   Kasım Tuğmaner Mosque
-   Reyhaniye Mosque - the second largest mosque in Mardin after Ulu Camii. Built-in the 15th century, it has a large courtyard and open hallway featuring a fountain.
-   Hamidiye Mosque (Zebuni Mosque) - built before the 15th century, it is named after its patron Şeyh Hamit Effendi.
-   Süleymanpaşa Mosque
-   Secaattin and Mehmet Mosque
-   Hamza-i Kebir Mosque
-   Şeyh Abdülaziz Mosque
-   Melik Eminettin el-Emin Mosque
-   Sıtra Zaviye Mosque
-   Şeyh Salih Mosque
-   Mahmut Türki Mosque
-   Sarı Mosque
-   Şeyh Çabuk Mosque - built in the 14th century and contains the tomb of its patron Şeyh Çabuk
-   Nizamettin Begaz Mosque
-   Kale Mosque
-   Dinari Mosque

Madrassas

-   Zinciriye Medrese (Sultan Isa Medrese) - constructed in 1385 by Najm ad-din Isa. The madrasa is part of a complex that includes a mosque and the tomb of Najm ad-din Isa.
-   Sitti Radviyye Medrese (Hatuniye Medrese) - built in the 12th century in the honor of Sitti Radviyye, the wife of Najm ad-din Alpi. There is a footprint that is claimed to be that of the Prophet Muhammad.
-   Kasımiye Medrese - construction started by the Artuqids and completed by the Aq Qoyunlu under Sultan Kasım. It has an adjoining Mosque and a Dervish lodge.

Politics

In the 2014 local elections, Ahmet Türk of the Democratic Regions Party (DBP)[39] was elected mayor of Mardin. However, on 21 November 2016 he was detained on terror charges after being dismissed from his post by Turkish authorities. A trustee was appointed as mayor instead.[40] In the Municipal elections in March 2019 Türk was re-elected. But he was dismissed from his post in August 2019, accused of supporting terrorism.[41] Mustafa Yaman, the Governor of Mardin Province was appointed as acting mayor.[42]

Economy

Historically, Mardin produced sesame.[43] Tourism is an important industry in Mardin.

Geology

During the late Permian ~250 mya the Afro-Arabian plate started opening up. The East African continental rift initiation is believed to have started around 27-31 million years ago with the beginning of the basaltic volcanism of the Afar Plume. This rift system would cause a contractional tectonic process to occur in which the Arabian Plate was pushed in a north-easterly direction towards the Eurasian plate. The divergence in the East African Rift would eventually cause the closure of the Tethys Ocean as the Arabian Plate made its first inception of collision with Eurasia between 25 and 23 million years ago, and complete closure around 10  mya and creation of the Mardin High.

[Panorama of Mardin, with the Mesopotamian Plain opening to the right]

Climate

Mardin has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cold, wet, and occasionally snowy winters. Temperatures in summer usually increase to due to Mardin being situated right next to the border of Syria. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two. Mardin has over 3000 hours of sun per year. The highest recorded temperature is . The average rainfall is about 641.4  mm (25 inches) per year.

Mardin-Kızıltepe, with +48.8 °C (119.84 °F) on August 14, 1993, holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Turkey.[44]

[45]

Notable locals

-   Nabia Abbott 1897–1981, scholar of early Islam, papyrologist and paleographer
-   Februniye Akyol, Syriac Co-Mayor of Mardin (2014-2016)
-   Zeynel Abidin Erdem, businessman
-   Muammer Güler, governor
-   Malak Karsh, photographer
-   Yousuf Karsh, photographer
-   Sultan Kösen, the world's tallest living man since 2009.[46]
-   Ignatius Maloyan (1869 - 1915), Armenian Catholic Archbishop, Christian martyr
-   Murathan Mungan, poet and writer
-   Aziz Sancar, scientist, 2015 Nobel prize winner in Chemistry
-   Mümtaz Tahincioğlu, head of TOMSFED
-   Bülent Tekin, poet and writer
-   Masum Türker, former Minister of Finance

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Mardin is twinned with:

-   Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2003.[47]

[1]

[2]

[3] Thomas A. Carlson et al., “Mardin — ܡܪܕܝܢ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified June 30, 2014, http://syriaca.org/place/130.

[4] 1, from roughguides.com

[5] https://geographical.co.uk/expeditions/item/3603-a-walking-through-mardin-southeastern-turkey-s-labyrinthine-town

[6]

[7] Ayse Guc Isik, 2013.The Intercultural Engagement in Mardin. Australian Catholic University. p. 46.

[8] Parpola - Assyrians after Assyria

[9] _Besides, in the Behistun inscription, Izalla, the region of Syria renowned for its wine, is assigned to Athura._ George Roux - Ancient Iraq

[10] Johann Elieser Theodor Wiltsch, trans. John Leitch, _Handbook of the Geography and Statistics of the Church_, Volume 1, Bosworth & Harrison, 1859, [books.google.ch/books?id=DbwpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA232 p. 232.]

[11]

[12] Fraternité Chrétienne Sarthe-Orient, “Marida (Mardin)”

[13]

[14]  suggesting _Mardin_ as a plural “fortresses”.

[15] Amir Harrak". Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51 (3): 209–214. 1992. . .

[16] Ed. Morris Rossabi - China among equals: the Middle Kingdom and its neighbors, 10th-14th centuries, p. 244

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28] '' Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice, 2013, ), p. 923

[29]

[30]

[31] http://www.mardintravel.com/surp-kevork-church/

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35] simpsonturkishadventures.blogspot.com/2013/03/easter-in-mardin.html

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

title: Mardin

question: How is the city's location "strategic?"

answer: It is on a hill over flat plains, providing high ground in battle and a long sight range, and it is near the Tigris river, which provides a convenient source of fresh water.


split: train

text:
WARNING! Carry on reading! Or you will die, even if you only looked at the word warning!
Once there was a little girl called Clarissa, she was ten-years-old and she lived in a mental
hospital, because she killed her mom and her dad. She got so bad she went to kill all the
staff in the hospital so the More-government decided that best idea was to get rid of her so
they set up a special room to kill her, as humane as possible but it went wrong the
machine they were using went wrong. And she sat there in agony for hours until she died.
Now every week on the day of her death she returns to the person that reads this letter, on
a Monday night at 12:00 a.m. She creeps into your room and kills you slowly, by cutting you
and watching you bleed to death. Now send this to ten other pictures on this one site, and
she will haunt someone else who doesn't. This isn't fake. apparently, if you copy and paste
this to ten comments in the next ten minutes you will have the best day of your life tomorrow.You
will either get kissed or asked out, if you break this chain u will see a little dead girl in you

im sorry, i had to share it here ;~;

question: Why did Clarissa kill her parents?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: Does Clarissa die?

answer: Yes.

question: How old was Clarissa?

answer: Clarissa was ten years old.

question: What happens on Monday night?

answer: Clarissa will come and try to kill you slowly if you do not forward the letter to ten other pictures on the website.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Clarissa is ten years old and lives in a mental hospital. She has killed both her parents and was now trying to kill the hospital staff. Because of this, the government decides its best to kill her. They use a special machine to get the job done, but unfortunately, the machine does not work. Clarissa sits there in agony waiting for death.


text:
More than 80 lawyers have signed an open letter to Immigration Minister Jason Kenney challenging his insistence he played no role in granting Conrad Black a permit to live in this country even before the U.K. citizen had finished his jail time in Florida.

The lawyers, all immigration specialists, say they believe Mr. Kenney must have had some part in the controversial decision to grant a temporary resident permit to Mr. Black, who renounced his Canadian citizenship in pursuit of a British peerage and had served time in a Florida jail for fraud and obstruction of justice.

They are also daring the Harper government minister to haul them before the Law Society of Upper Canada for saying so.

The lawyers banded together in defence of Toronto colleague Guidy Mamann, whom Mr. Kenney's office tried to have censured after he told journalists that he found it improbable that such a major decision was made without the minister's input.

An aide to the Immigration Minister pursued a formal complaint against Mr. Mamann with the Law Society of Upper Canada this spring – which it dismissed in July. The body regulates the conduct of lawyers in Ontario.

On Wednesday, the lawyers wrote Mr. Kenney saying that they agree with Mr. Mamann's remark that "it was not credible" that the decision on Mr. Black was made "without any input from yourself."

"If you believe that our statement violates the Law Society of Upper Canada rules, please feel free to report us to the Law Society," the letter reads.

"We find the attempt by you and your officials to muzzle freedom of expression to be reprehensible. We will not succumb."

Mr. Kenney's office dismissed the letter.

"If the lawyers who signed this letter think it is acceptable for a lawyer to accuse a public office holder of interference without a shred of evidence, and with all evidence to the contrary, then, with due respect, they have a warped sense of professionalism and legal ethics," said spokeswoman Ana Curic.

Mr. Kenney had tried to lay the question to rest this spring, when Mr. Black obtained a temporary residence permit while he was still in a U.S. jail.

Ms. Curic said on Wednesday Mr. Kenney's office referred Lorne Waldman, a lawyer who gathered signatures for the letter, to documents it feels back up the minister's statements.

"We gave him the opportunity to review documents that contradict his and Mr. Mamann's false accusations. Unfortunately, rather than review the evidence and pursue the truth as one would expect from a lawyer, he chose the path of shameless self-promotion and public spectacle," she said.

When the news of Mr. Black's return broke in late April, the Immigration Minister said "highly trained" public servants made the decision. Mr. Kenney told reporters that when he learned of the application in February, he instructed immigration officials to handle it.

Mr. Mamann, a veteran Toronto immigration lawyer, told reporters he didn't believe the minister would leave such a high-profile decision to civil servants. The federal immigration minister can intervene in such cases.

"The idea that the minister didn't wink or nod in favour of this thing is impossible to imagine," Mr. Mamann said in comments published in The Globe and Mail in early May.

Shortly afterward, Mr. Kenney's office proposed to the Law Society of Upper Canada that it investigate the Toronto lawyer for violating its code of conduct.

The law society said in July it found insufficient evidence to warrant an investigation into Mr. Mamann; it closed the file.

A lawyer for the law society ruled that the allegations against Mr. Mamann offered no evidence of "conduct unbecoming a barrister or solicitor" and said his right to freedom of expression should not be "overridden by what might be characterized as a minor regulatory contravention."

Mr. Kenney's office on Wednesday said the 80-plus lawyers challenging the minister are only hurting themselves.

"Baseless accusations of misconduct and reckless character smears, by someone holding himself out to be an expert, poison the public discourse and debase the legal profession," Ms. Curic said.

"Instead of engaging in kneejerk outbursts of blind solidarity, these lawyers might consider the long-term damage to their profession of elevating activism above professionalism."

question: What was the issue that lawyers had against the immigration minister, Jason Kenney?

answer: He granted a permit to Conrad Black, a former Canadian citizen who served jail time in the U.S.

question: Why did Mr. Kenney's office propose that the Law Society of Upper Canada investigate Mr. Mamann?

answer: They believed he violated its code of conduct.

question: Why did Kenney grant Conrad Black a permit to live in Canada?

answer: It is not stated.

question: Why did Mr. Black renounce his Canadian citizenship?

answer: It is not stated.

question: What crime did Mr. Black commit that caused him jail time in Florida?

answer: Obstruction of justice and fraud.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Over eighty Canadian lawyers challenged the Immigration Minister, Jason Kenney, for granting ex-convict Conrad Black a permit to live in Canada even before he finished serving his jail time. Black, who renounced his Canadian citizenship and became a U.K citizen, was in jail in Florida for fraud and obstruction of justice. The lawyers believed that the immigration minister had a controversial reason for granting the ex-convict temporary resident permit. Also, the Law Society of Upper Canada seemed to favor Mr. Mamann against the immigration minister's office as all the allegations leveled against Mr. Mamann appeared to be insufficient and lacking evidence of misconduct.


text:
This story is from a recent car crash I was a part of and the events leading up to it.

**Car crash from last night, as I remember it.**

Two thirty-two ounce Jeremiah Reds and we still looked sharper than a butcher's knife. It takes a real man to order a bottle of red, and even more so to take them as effortlessly as we did. It was quite a sight for the regular crowd. Three manly men enjoying their drink and catching up on some sports down at the, always welcoming, BJ's brew house.

As it turns out, and although it may seem like it, not everything always goes our way. The home team lost a crucial playoff game, beers were running low, and I hadn't been offered sex all night. This combination of unfortunate mishaps started giving me an odd feeling. I needed to shake off this funk, but I was out of smokes. My good friend Mauri sensed my discomfort, that or my childish fidgeting from craving a smoke. Whatever the case, it worked. He spotted a friendly, slanted eyed, sports fan that headed out for an opium break. Lucky for us he happened to smoke regular stuff as well. Our type of stuff. Some quick witted banter later and we were three cigarettes richer. We took care of the first two immediately.

Mauri put away our third friend for a later puff. Normally he'll do it with such elegance, I swoon. This time though, it strangely grazed his slightly large, but still handsome, earlobe. What normally wouldn't affect a frail or even a wet cigarette, this time destroyed our last piece of lung candy. Things were happening. Bad vibes were definitely out tonight. I decided at this point, it was up to me to keep bad shit from happening. I didn't mention any of these strange occurrences to Mauri or Mikey, I had to keep my composure. Lead by example and example the lead. It works.

It was getting late and it began to feel as if we had overstayed our welcome, that or this one fat headed bartender felt threatened. He offered free beer in exchange for our absence. I'm no cheap man whore, but no man in their right mind would turn down free beer. As a matter of fact no man in any state of mind would. No man.

We left to resume our night. The feelings that manifested at the bar had followed to the parking lot. Maybe it just wasn't my night, maybe I was being a pussy, maybe fuck you reader, but I didn't even put up a fight for the front seat.

"Shotgun!" Mauri called enthusiastically.

I let out a quiet sigh, he rushed to the front. I'd usually sneak my way to passenger, tonight shotgun didn't appeal to me. I figured I should stop worrying and just enjoy my night. Mikey decided to play the classic sounds of our favorite trio, the Beastie Boys. With our last set of Reds in our hand and our heads boppin' he began to lay out the plan for the night.

"We're gonna head over to jack in the box to try that new jalapeno burger..." He said with such anticipation, and reassurance I had never heard from him. He was leading by example.

Just when I was starting to feel right for the night, my gut instinct struck again. I was nice and buzzed but these goddamn spidey senses were tingling. Before I knew it, everything slowed down. My senses were amplified. I had a moment of clarity in my drunken stupor. I looked around to see if the guys felt this moment of divine lucidity, but all I could make out was Mikey going on with the plans and Mauri trying to rap to the B-boys. I closed my eyes. This was it. Whatever bad energy that was following us, it was here and it was about to blow. It was up to me to try to decipher where it was going to come from. I presses my eyelids shut. And I knew.

"Holy shit!" Mauri yelled in the front.

I quickly fastened my seat belt and braced myself for impact. Some dumb bitch had made the roughest turn any of us had seen. Although alert Mikey reacted as fast as he cums, it wasn't fast enough for a clean escape. Mauri's glasses flew, Mikey's pride stung, and I had let them down. I should've said something. But men don't think in 'should'ves', we think for the moment and at that moment Mauri and I knew we had to dispose of any incriminating substance. We played the part.

"What the fuck?!" Mauri exclaimed as he stepped out.

"Ahh mah shoulder!" I played along.

"Are you guys ok?" A worried voice shouted from the other car. We had them.

I quickly grabbed my bottle of Red and made my way to some stairway away from the crash. Mauri followed, Mikey worked on damage control. Mauri and I did what we do best and chugged those big Reds until their last drop. No man wastes a free beer and we example by lead. I was clearly drunk after this. We found our way back to the mess. Scolded the girl on her driving skills, but there's only so much you can do for a woman driver, and I was glad the bad vibes ended with something so trivial as a car crash. We waited, smoked, took tourist pictures of the sight and decided it was as good moment as any to call it a night.

question: What were the narrator's expectations for the night?

answer: According to the passage, it seems the narrator was hoping that his term would win the playoffs. He was also hoping that he and his friends would have more than enough beer to drink as well as have sex with any willing women.

question: What unique trait(s) stands out about the narrator?

answer: The narrator seems to be a superstitious person. He is also quite cautious for someone who lives to be drunk. Also, he seems to look out for his friends' well-being.


text:
Original Article Link September 2005
The answer depends on many things such as the choice of font and it's point size, the margin width, whether we print capital or lower-case letters, the size of a sheet of paper, whether we print on both sides or on a single side of each sheet, etc. Diverse claims have been made about the number of sheets required and how tall of a stack those sheets would form, so I am providing some accurate numbers here that might be useful in teaching students about the vast size of the human genome.

Using Microsoft Word, with a Times New Roman True Type 12-point font on 8.5" × 11" (21.59 cm × 27.94 cm) paper with 1" (2.54 cm) margins on all sides, and displaying A, C, G and T in capital letters in equal numbers, I can fit 57 letters on a line and 46 lines on one side of a page, thus representing 2,622 base pairs per page (single sided). To give you a feel for it, here is an example of such a page in your choice of two file formats:

PDF format
MS Word format

The human genome consists of approximately 3.1467 billion base pairs (a number just slightly less than the number of seconds in 100 years: 3.15576 billion). Thus, 1,206,980 single-sided sheets would be needed to display the entire human genome in this way. A modern ream of printer paper consists of 500 sheets of paper and is about 2.1" (5.33 cm) thick. One would therefore need to use 2,414 reams of paper to print the human genome in the format just described. A stack of that many reams of paper would stand 424.4 feet (129.36 m) tall, approximately midway in height between the Statue of Liberty and the Washington Monument:

[]
Illustration modified from http://www.nps.gov/jeff/images/compare.jpg

Thus, the human genome is very large. On the other hand, modern digital technology allows us to fit the genome into a fairly small device. If we were to use binary digits to represent letters in the following way...

 A 00 C 01 G 10  T 11

...we could then represent four base pairs using only one byte (eight binary digits) and the entire genome would use approximately 787 million bytes which is about 12% more than we can fit on a single, typical compact disk (CD). A DVD of the same physical size as a CD holds about 6 times as much data as a CD and the DVD could therefore hold more than 5 human genomes. The 1 GB flash drive that I carry in my pocket can hold about 1.25 human genomes worth of data.

Of course, nature is still cleverer than we humans and every cell of our bodies holds an entire human genome (really four copies -- maternally inherited and paternally inherited and both of those are double-stranded), and much more, within its nucleus in a space so small that we need a microscope just to see it. Each base pair in DNA (in the B form), whether AT or GC, extends the length of the DNA by about 3.4 ångströms (0.34 nm or 3.4 × 10-10 m). This means that 3.1467 billion base pairs of B-DNA would be about 1.07 meters long, or about 3 feet 6 1/8 inches. Thus, DNA is a very long and skinny molecule that is wound up extremely tightly ("supercoiled") in our chromosomes.

_published on the web on October 15, 2005 by_

Michael B. Miller, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health
and Institute of Human Genetics
University of Minnesota

[Close]

question: What is the motive of this article?

answer: The article tries to explain how many words can be fit on a paper with a certain font size and font type.

question: Why does the writer speak about the human genome?

answer: It may be implied that the writer is talking about the genome to give a perspective of how large its data is.

question: What conclusion can be drawn from the article?

answer: It may be implied that the article is trying to focus on providing the reader with an idea of how large the human genome is and how clever our bodies are to contain so much data in just one cell.


text: "Dr. Ferguson, here's the autopsy report for that nut the cops had to taser, and you're not going to believe this."  Nurse Porter slide the chart across the counter.  In her 9 years at Boston General Hospital, Dr. Susan Ferguson had seen just about everything, and the guys in the morgue were losing their touch if they thought she'd believe this nonsense. "They're pulling a fast one on us, Josh." Dr. Ferguson said with a smirk as she slid the report back across the counter.  Nurse Porter leaned forward and said quietly, "No, I saw the thing they pulled out of his chest.  It was implanted just under the skin and had wires running into his heart. And that's not the only weird thing."  He walked around the counter and sat down next to Dr. Ferguson. "The EMTs gave me this bag full of his possessions, take a look at this stuff."  She took the bag from the nurse and pulled out a wallet.  When the patient was admitted, he was already dead, but the officers who'd accompanied the EMTs said the man was delusional.  The police report explained he was screaming at them to take him to a pentagon or something like that, and that he worked for the 'yew-ess-dee-oh-dee' whatever the hell that was.  If the man was delusional, he certainly went to a great lengths to reinforce his own fantasies.  Inside the wallet were three 'Federal Reserve Notes' that said 'The United States of America' with a picture of someone above the name 'Washington'.  There was also a very official looking driver's license, from the 'State' of Virginia 'USA'.  "Okay, now I'm a little weirder out." Dr. Ferguson confessed.  "Wasn't this Washington guy one of the leaders of that Tax Rebellion? It's been years since I took a history class."  Nurse Porter reached into the bag, pulled out another item, and handed it to Dr. Ferguson.  It was a rectangular piece of plastic with rounded corners. One side was flat and looked like black glass with a single small button.  She read what was written on the back aloud "I phone?" She flipped it in her hand and pressed the button on the glass side.  It lit up and a bar jumped across face of the device to where her thumb was resting on the glass.  It made a click sound.  The screen changed to a series of small pictures.  When she removed her thumb, the screen, incredibly, reacted to her touch.  "Maybe we should phone the Ministry of Defense?" She said. Her hand began to tremble.

title: The Patient

question: Why does Dr. Ferguson feel confused?

answer: Dr. Ferguson

question: Was the dead man playing some sort of a game with the doctors?

answer: No.

question: Are the doctors in any sort of danger?

answer: No.

question: Who is the dead man?

answer: Dr. Ferguson believes that the man was a Tax Rebellion.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer:
Dr. Ferguson and her team have a confused look on their faces after an autopsy. The dead man had wires attached to his heart. Nurse Porter further dictates that the possessions of the dead man have a driver's license from Virginia.
Dr. Ferguson recalls that the mean might have been a Tax Rebellion. Finally, the nurse reaches for the man's iPhone and hands it to the doctor. Afraid about what it might be she suggests they call the Ministry of Defense.


text:
THE ROMITO CAVE () is a natural limestone cave in the Lao Valley of Pollino National Park, near the town of Papasidero in Calabria, Italy. Stratigraphic record of the first excavation confirmed prolonged paleo-human occupation during the Upper Paleolithic since 17,000 years ago and the Neolithic since 6,400 years ago. A single, but exquisite piece of Upper Paleolithic parietal rock engraving was documented. Several burial sites of varying age were initially discovered. Irregularly recurring sessions have led to additional finds, which suggests future excavation work.[1] Notable is the amount of accumulated data that has revealed deeper understanding of prehistoric daily life, the remarkable quality of the rock carvings and the burial named _Romito 2_, who exhibits features of pathological skeletal conditions (dwarfism).

Site

The _Grotta del Romito_ was discovered by Agostino Miglio, then director of the Town Museum in Castrovillari in spring of 1961, who had received curious information from several local people. Excavations started in the summer of 1962 under the direction of Paolo Graziosi of the University of Florence. The Archaeological Park contains a small museum, that presents the documentation and ongoing research.[2]

The site consists of two distinct areas: an outer former rock shelter or overhang with a length of and the inner cave, embedded into the limestone formation with a length of and accessible via a narrow tunnel. The interior is graced with a number of curiously shaped speleothems and prehistoric graffiti.

Stratigraphy

[Aurochs engraving] Excavations in an enlarged trench performed in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2007 exposed a long sequence of strata, that forms seven main archaeological units (A–N) with episodes of intensive human occupation. The succession ranges from the Middle and Late Gravettian (units L-I-H-G) to the Early Epigravettian (unit F), Middle Epigravettian (lower unit E) and Late Epigravettian (upper unit E and units D-C-B). These cultural stages occurred between 26,000 and 10,000 years ago.[3]

Deposits near the entrance are about thick and consist of clastic sediments. Palaeolithic deposits, up to thick, underlie the middle Holocene layers, around thick and contain Middle and Late Neolithic pottery. Locally derived rock blocks up to in size rest on the talus slope in front of, and below, the entrance, indicating that there was originally an overhang that later collapsed. Deposits of human occupation contain numerous bones and stone tools, rounded out of size-exogenous pebbles and abundant charcoal detritus which is related to fireplaces.[4] About fifty discovered pottery shards are evidence for occupation of the cave during the Neolithic/Iron Age transition.[5]

Rock engravings

[Aurochs] The bull, an Aurochs (_Bos primigenius_) is about long located at the mouth of the cave to the west and is engraved on three different levels of profiles. The stylistic scope is characteristic of the Mediterranean and the design of perfect proportions. The feeling of force transmitted from the overall design of the figure and the careful handling of the anatomical details amounts to highest expression of Paleolithic realism in the region. In front of the rock another bovine figure has been cut, much more subtly, showing only the chest, head and part of the back.[6] On the opposite end of the shelter sits another engraved boulder, covered with numerous linear signs. Both engraving are dated to between 14,000 and 12,000 BP.[7]

Obsidian tools

The presence of large quantities of obsidian in a Neolithic layer suggests that the site was an intermediate base for the obsidian trade - that originated in the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea to be transferred to the Adriatic Sea.[8][9]

Burials

During the first excavations three graves were found, 9,200 years old and each containing a couple of human beings, placed in epipaleolithic layers. One grave was found inside the cave, the other two underneath the adjacent rock shelter near the bull-engraved stone. The specimens were named _Romito 1 - 6_ and all were between 15 and 25 years old and not taller than .[10]

P. Graziosi discovered the diminutive remains of _Romito 2_ that turned out to be the earliest known case of dwarfism in the human skeletal record. The specimen, known as _Romito 2_, exhibits features typical of acromesomelic dysplasia. _Romito 2_ was characterized by unusually short forearms and lower legs, resulting in a rather short stature. Abnormal cartilage and bone development also affected other bones of the body, particularly those of the hands and feet. There was likely a limited extension of the elbows and arms and progressively abnormal curvature of the spine.

Besides providing evidence for a greater antiquity of dwarfism than previously known, the fact that this individual reached late adolescence attests to tolerance of Upper Paleolithic groups for severely abnormal individuals and their ability to support members who were of limited economic value to the social group.[11]

To date, nine intact, well preserved burials have been recovered from stratigraphic layers dating from ca. 18,000 to 11,000 BP, the majority of burials corresponding to a period of climatic amelioration from ca. 15,000 to 13,000 cal BP (Final Epigravettian).[12]

Notes

Footnotes

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Romito Cave

question: Where is the cave?

answer: In the Lao Valley of Pollino National Park in Calabria, Italy

question: When did excavations start?

answer: Summer of 1962

question: Who discovered the Grotta del Romito?

answer: Agostino Miglio, who at the time was the director of the Town Museum in Castrovillari

question: What is special about Romito 2?

answer: The remains represent the earliest known case of dwarfism in the human skeletal record

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Romito Cave is a natural limestone cave in the Lao Valley of Pollino National Park in Calabria, Italy. First excavated in 1962, it shows signs of prolonged human occupation during the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. One set of remains found there, Romito 2, is especially remarkable for being the earliest known case of dwarfism in the human skeletal record.


text:
WILLIAM E. HURWITZ, M.D., was a Virginia based pain management physician who was prosecuted and convicted by the United States Government in 2004 for excessively prescribing addictive opioid pain medication to patients, some of whom subsequently abused and redistributed their medications on the black market. Before his conviction, Hurwitz had a series of running battles with the Virginia Board of Medicine which, in 2003 found fault with some of his prescriptions but also held that all were written “in good faith”.

William E. Hurwitz is a graduate of Columbia College. He then spent a period at the Harvard University School of Education before attending Stanford University's Medical School. While at Stanford he also earned a Masters in Sociology. He served as a staff physician in Brazil with the Peace Corps upon completing his medical degree.

Conviction in first trial

In 2004, Hurwitz was convicted of over 50 counts of distribution of narcotics originally sentenced to four 25-year sentences and forty-six 15-year sentences, all of which were to be served concurrently, and was fined $2 million (U.S.). During the prosecution of the first case, all of Hurwitz's property was seized.

Hurwitz maintains that he was duped by his patients, and that the enforcement tactics being applied in the War on Drugs unfairly target law-abiding doctors, leading to a situation where doctors must choose between providing compassionate care and accepting personal liability for what their patients do with prescribed medications.

His case has potentially serious ramifications among all practitioners of pain medicine, and is considered by many to be a drastic example of the overreach of anti-drug law enforcement efforts.[1]

Conviction overturned on appeal

His conviction was overturned by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on August 22, 2006, due to errors by the trial judge that essentially prevented the jury from considering Hurwitz's defense — that he was prescribing the medication in good faith as part of the regular practice of medicine. Defended pro bono, his re-trial began on March 26, 2007 in federal district court for the Eastern District of Virginia.[2]

Conviction in second trial

On April 27, 2007 jurors found William E. Hurwitz guilty of 16 counts of drug trafficking and determined that he prescribed massive quantities of medicine to patients in chronic pain. The 12-member jury acquitted Hurwitz on 17 other trafficking counts. District Judge Leonie Brinkema dismissed the remaining 12 counts.[3] His two lead trial attorneys for the second trial were Lawrence Robbins and Richard Sauber, of Robbins, Russell, Englert, Orseck & Untereiner, and Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, respectively.

On July 13, 2007 Judge Brinkema sentenced Hurwitz to four years and nine months. The judge said that most of Hurwitz's practice was legitimate medicine that saved patients' lives and that medical literature increasingly supports his theories on the propriety of massive drug doses to treat patients in chronic pain. “An increasing body of respectable medical literature and expertise supports those types of high-dosage, opioid medications,” the judge said.[4][5]

The judge added that Hurwitz had undermined his own cause by ignoring that some patients were clearly drug dealers and Hurwitz admitted before sentencing that he had deceived himself about some patients who in retrospect were clearly criminals.

Hurwitz was imprisoned a total of four years and eight months. He then moved to Charlotte, North Carolina.[6]

[1] Tierney, John. “Trafficker or Healer? And Who’s the Victim?”, The New York Times, published March 27, 2007, accessed April 24, 2007.

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: William Hurwitz

question: What was William E Hurwitz's crime?

answer: He prescribed addictive opioid medications to patients who didn't need them. These were then distributed on the black market.

question: What was the actual length of imprisonment that Hurwitz would face after his first trial?

answer: Twenty-five years as his prison terms would run concurrently

question: What was Hurwitz's defense in the charges against him?

answer: He claimed that he had prescribed the medications in good faith and that some of his patients had taken advantage of him.

question: How could Hurwitz's case affect the medical profession?

answer: His case could have serious ramifications. Doctors would have to seriously consider which and how much medication to prescribe to patients as they might put their own freedom at risk.

question: Was Hurwitz's second trial a success?

answer: It was a success in as much as some of the charges were dropped. He was found not guilty in relation to others. In the end, his actual period of imprisonment was drastically reduced to four years and 8 months from the original 25 years.

question: How much did the retrial cost Hurwitz?

answer: He was defended pro bono, meaning he didn't have to pay his attorneys.


text:
I heard about SUNY Maritime through ambush. I was woken early one Saturday morning at an insulting time by my mother. She told to get up because we’re going to see a college. I hadn’t visited any schools yet and this was October of my senior year. I didn’t even ask where I was so sleepy. I simply put on a heavy coat, took a blanket and pillow and lay my six foot wide frame in the back seat and slept. At some point in the five hour ride from D.C. to New York I remember waking up and asking where we were going, she might have said more but all I caught was New York. I remember thinking, “cool, that’s perfect, far enough, close enough,” and then falling asleep again. She woke me just as we approached the Throggs Neck exit.
I recall being bewildered by the unfamiliar street and having to ask somebody for directions from his car. We weren’t to far, and lowering the window after all that time let in the sea air – it was fantastic even if it was the Hudson. We took the turn down a long narrow back street, the only way in or out for that matter. When we finally came to a small round about with a giant stone wall opposite us with a connecting lever gate. At the entrance stood a guy in uniform, dress blues (how I know thee well). I had neither the heart nor the will to tell my mother after such a long drive I wasn’t going to do military school. But we still drove down the street, which ran along the northern side of the peninsula. At its widest it couldn’t be more than a hundred yards wide save a narrow strip the stretches out called the point. What I then thought to be a mile but later would learn was about half was the road we traveled on, a strait drive to the back of the school then back around again in a circle. From there it was your standard college open house, lots of bewildered and shy highschoolers shadowed by there parents. As a black kid I instantly noticed how few of me there were. We crowded into an auditorium to hear them ejaculate onto us and then tell us how it was the best ejaculate because it was a maritime ejaculate. I expected as much, then they asked us to divide into groups for the first half of the day, I remember thinking, I could do that in an hour (I actually would, often). We were taken through boring halls and standard classrooms. Two things of note and the only positives of that place: The Fort Schuler and the waterfront estate, damn I loved that water (never got in it though.). Then we were told to divide into our interest, I picked naval architecture. I loved to draw then and wanted something similar to my interest, but almost picked something else when m mom suggested it. Glad I did though, I walked into one of the classrooms in the science wing of the S & E (science and engineering). I saw a girl there with the last name Porshe, I don’t know why but she stuck with me, not particularly hot, little bit of a flat face and a sharp chin but it played well to me.  After they made jokes about the courses they basically said you don’t have to be in regiment to take this major. Regiment being the uniformed students, there was a minority of non-regimental ‘civilians’ that attended the school with out the hassle of regiment. But Porshe was regiment. We left the room and I recall wanting to make friends with the one guy who spoke up in there for the highschoolers just to be like “hey, you’re not the only fearless one among us,” but I couldn’t think of a reason to start a conversation when he was in front of me when they were filing out. We followed this with lunch, where I interacted with another prospect who was a total meat-head lax-bro who made vast proclamations about himself and what he’d do if he came there. (He did, and he sorta held true to the work out goals; what else do you do when you have a cheating gf, only weekend leave, and near no attractive girls. Not to say the girls aren’t talented, but they can’t help there anatomy. Another lesson I learned after enrolling). We separated from our parents at this point, they said they wanted to separate us like we inevitably would be on the day. Just champion stuff these guys, eh? This is when they drove home that the regiment is tough, fair, and easily manageable. I already lived most of the lifestyle, save the working out part, with all the private schooling I was ready. By then it was time to either tour the ship or leave, I was tired from all forced ejaculate they kept pinching my nose to give me so we left. My mother and I still left that place with an overall good view. Sadly fo future me, I knew that was to be my school the moment I saw the water.

title: This is a true story excerpt from the auto-biographic novel I'm working up. I wonder if you'll like the first draft (unspell-checked). Names are changed for here. This is Titled: Intro to SUNY.

question: How does the narrator figure out that SUNY is a military school?

answer: They spot a guy wearing a military uniform.

question: What does the narrator mean when he says "Not to say the girls aren’t talented, but they can’t help there anatomy"?

answer: He means that their bodies are not that physically attractive.


text:
**An Old Pub.**

The black labrador glumly squats outside a creaking screen door. The patrons pay it no mind and walk into a crumbling pub, through buzzing with low tones of laughter, clinking mugs and smiling bartenders. The regular clicks of pool balls over the green velvet table orchestrate time, replacing the wristwatches and broken clocks of these patrons’ lives. The night is dark and clear. Dry and cold winds are the almighty god, coughing and sucking in the world’s air over and over. Inside, the regulars are quiet and blinking at neon signs, drinking until they feel warm or hungry enough to brave the cold night.

**Nature.**

Flipping winds to and fro, twisting the night’s absence of light into a maze that traps the owl, who hoots and coos from his perch above these lonely streets. The owl is protected from the windy night inside an old tree hollow. It’s eyes are black and watching for prey in the grass. The winds shift and the owl’s eyes glaze; tonight he will be hungry as the grass reveals nothing from the opening of his small hollow. He lifts his tired wings.

**An Old Pub**

A patron and his friend are sitting in a booth beside the bar. Two young men, just old enough to come in and order cool glass mugs filled with bubbling beer. They wear matching blue jeans with coats that are black and unbuttoned. After raising his hand, a waitress walks over and takes the patron’s order for another round. She takes their empty mugs and walks away, making another tick in her book, they were each at five now. The friend burps an alcoholic breath into his fist while the patron puts fifteen dollars on the table. He taps it twice to get the waitress’s attention and she brings the two mugs back to his table by the door. The friend is more drunk than the patron, and he lifts his mug, letting it slosh over the rim. They have a cheers and swallow gulp after gulp. The foamy beer leaves mustaches to be wiped away with the back of their wrists.

**Nature**

Ruffling and patting down the stray feathers, the owl begins to ready himself. The winds lull and not missing the chance to take flight, the owl releases his claws. He leaps out into the night. The moon is quickly clouding over and the owls sees a flash of a small mouse in the grass below. It was darting between the shifting grass, looking to shelter for the night. The owl follows the mouse’s movements in the fading light. The winds blow and tug at the owl as he tries to swoop closer to the ground. The mouse disappears behind a tree and not even the keen eyes of an owl can see through an old willow. The owl spiraled around but could not see the mouse anymore. He was in unfamiliar territory, the scenery shifting all around him. The owl was lost and began to snake his way through the trees, trying to find a mark he remembered.

**An Old Pub**

After a few songs and few hoots at the waitresses, the barman had enough of these two. The pair put their arms over each other’s shoulders. The patron and his friend stumble out the screen door. The door squeaks and the black dog lazily raises its head. He watches them laugh and sing. The marble black buttons shine on their coats. The patron’s friend swings a sloshing mug above his head and pours its contents into his throat. Beer dribbles down his chin as he swallows and a smile widens across his face. Whilst he did this, the patron had stopped singing to watch him. His friend picks up a tune and they join in a drunken harmony. Forgotten, the mug hangs by the last knuckle on his fingers. The wind throws the words they hum far away as soon as their mouths open. The black dog lays its head against the wooden porch and blinks at their idiocy, then the last white knuckle leaves the mug of the friend's hand and the empty mug splinters across the ground. Skittering pieces of glass break the monotony of this dark night as they reflect the neon light signs inside the pub. His friend does not notice, nor does the patron but the light shines into the eyes of the black dog.

**Nature**

Black silhouettes of his forest rush past as he looks for a break in the shifting brambles above. The winds pick up and the trees change their place. Dark shifting mass surrounds the owl, it convulses and expands. All of it pushed by the unseen wind, flowing at nature’s command. The owl reaches a clearing and goes above the shifting treetops, clamoring at nature in it’s almighty rally. Blowing it’s low tone of long monotonous sound. It is revving the engine of war and the leaves shift and slide against each other. Each pair another sound added to hundreds of thousands of others. Rising in volume with the wind and receding with the slow tones. The owl is hungry and hunts in the clamor. The night is loud and everywhere the sounds of nature consume the owl. The wind angles itself against the owl and he flies higher. Out of the cold and into the thermals, under the clouds.

**Insomnia**

The night was insomnia and the sun was never coming because the shards of glass and the neon lit pub were the only lights in the world for the dog.2 He watched the patron and his friend walk away into the twisting black. Glass shards mirrored the stars as a forest is reflected in a lake. The wind causing the treetops and their leaves to ripple and stir. Blurring what is seen until all that remains are shivering waves. The night was in perfect harmony with nature. The pavement and metallic cars unaffected by the wind, yet covered in pebbles and dry earth and dust and the footprints of the boots that the construction workers wear during the day.3 It all fades in this dust as they sit under the neon signs in the pub. Rolling sands scraping through the debris and passing through the light and shadow; unseen to seen and back. Moving constantly for as long as the eye may reach. The night was awake in it’s tired eternity and nothing moves out of the element where it lives. Barely paying attention to time because everything exists then goes back to nothing again. Worlds and empires move from dust to dust. The bar is crumbling and it is home for some as the old tree is to an owl. It is hollow and warm for the ones seeking respite from the world’s eternity of insomnia.

**Nature**

The owl is pushed as a new gust holds his wings. Clouds over the moon part and the grass becomes starlit. Tiny reflective blades shine in the new light, smashing and clamoring like thousands of Roman soldiers deep in battle. They shift and pull in waves over waves. Blades that crash and shift, always shifting. Organized into the lines of the wind over this grass, rippling like the well defined muscle the Romans created as their army. The owls flaps his wings and climbs over the winds and the soldiers with their starlit blades. It is clear above the undulating scene, the owl hoots to the night, but the winds below throw his words into oblivion.

**In the Wind**

A whoop escapes one of the pair, the dog does not know which. It is a hoot of jovial bliss at the thrill of night. The winds are unseen yet surrounding everything. They twist his sounds and flap his coat, distracting his gaze towards the trees above that shake the dry leaves in twisting branches and cause him to stumble over the dry pavement. The owl is far from his hollow, and without food he turns back with thoughts of sleep. Delving back into the wind the pair is pushed and pulled again. The black dog looks out at them and sees the flapping coats tossed by the winds, black and shining buttons like eyes looking for a respite from the wind. An owl hoots with laughter at the expense of a bartender, walking towards the screen door. It was ajar and banging with the wind. It is opened fully, and the bartender walks through to sweep glass from the pavement. The black dog pays him no mind. He shuts the screen door and goes back behind the counter.

The owls in their black coats and shining buttons walk home, into the dark night.
.
.
.
## **EDIT** fixed mistakes pointed out by gutupio

title: Into the Wind.

question: Which animals are referenced in the text?

answer: An owl and a dog

question: How can you describe the owl and dog's relationship?

answer: They co-exist independent of each other and do as they please.

question: What are the two young men drinking at the bar?

answer: They are drinking beer.

question: At what time of day does the story take place?

answer: At night

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The passage describes two young men who are out drinking at a bar at night. They both get very drunk and are ushered out of the bar. A dog watches the two drunk friends and an owl flies through the forest at night looking for food.


text:
COMPUTATIONAL CRIMINOLOGY is an interdisciplinary field which uses computing science methods to formally define criminology concepts, improve our understanding of complex phenomena, and generate solutions for related problems.

Methods

Computing science methods being used include:

-   Algorithms
-   Data Mining
-   Data Structures
-   Formal Methods
-   Software Development Process

Areas of usage

Computational criminology is interdisciplinary in the sense that both criminologists and computing scientists work together to ensure that computational models properly match their theoretical and real-world counterparts. Areas of criminology for which computational approaches are being used include:

-   Environmental Criminology
-   Identity Theft
-   Justice

Forensics

Computational forensics (CF) is a quantitative approach to the methodology of the forensic sciences. It involves computer-based modeling, computer simulation, analysis, and recognition in studying and solving problems posed in various forensic disciplines. CF integrates expertise from computational science and forensic sciences.

A broad range of objects, substances and processes are investigated, which are mainly based on pattern evidence, such as toolmarks, fingerprints, shoeprints, documents etc.,[1] but also physiological and behavioral patterns, DNA, digital evidence and crime scenes.

Computational methods find a place in the forensic sciences in several ways,[2][3][4][5][6] as for example:

-   rigorous quantification of individuality,
-   definition and establishment of likelihood ratio,
-   increase of efficiency and effectiveness in daily forensic casework.

Algorithms implemented are from the fields of signal and image processing, computer vision,[7] computer graphics, data visualization, statistical pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning, and robotics.

Computer forensics (also referred to as “digital forensics” or “forensic information technology”) is one specific discipline that could use computational science to study digital evidence. COMPUTATIONAL FORENSICS examines diverse types of evidence.

Forensic animation

Forensic animation is a branch of forensic science in which audio-visual reconstructions of incidents or accidents are created to aid investigators. Examples include the use of computer animation, stills, and other audio visual aids. Application of computer animation in courtrooms today is becoming more popular.

The first use of forensic animation was in _Connors v. United States_, both sides used computer re-creations and animations in a case surrounding the crash of Delta Flight 191 on August 2, 1985.[8] The crash resulted in the deaths of 137 people and extensive property damage.[9] In the resulting lawsuit a method was required to explain complicated information and situations to the jury. As part of the plaintiff presentation, a 45-minute computer generated presentation was created to explain the intricacies of the evidence and thus began forensic animation.[10]

The first reported use of computer animation in a U.S. criminal trial was in the 1991 Marin County, CA homicide trial of James Mitchell (of the porno-businessman Mitchell Brothers)[11] The prosecution used the animation to explain the complex details of the shooting incident to the jury. It showed the positions of James Mitchell, Artie Mitchell (the victim), the bullet impact points, and the path taken by bullets as they entered Artie's body. The animation was admitted, over objection by the defense, and the case resulted in a conviction. The use of the animation was upheld on appeal and the success of the forensic animation led to its use in many other trials. In India Prof. T D Dogra at AIIMS New Delhi in 2008 used animation to explain the court of law and investigating agencies first time in two important cases of firearm injuries, case of Murder and Terrorist encounter killings (Batla house encounter case).[12]

[1] S. N. Srihari, “Beyond CSI: The Rise of Computational Forensics”, IEEE Spectrum , pp. 38-43, December 2010.

[2] Computational Forensics Project - Automated Reconstruction of Human Faces (Archival page 6/2002 )

[3]  DIO 10.1109/TCAD.2004.828122

[4] Propelled Into Computational Forensics by 9/11, NCBI Preps QA Software to ID Katrina Victims (November 28, 2005)

[5]  DOI 10.1109/IAS.2007.84.

[6] Book Announcement: _Statistical DNA Forensics: Theory, Methods and Computation_ (January 2008), Researchandmarkets.com

[7] {{ cite journal | url = http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~huangyz/cvpr08_Huang.pdf | title = Demosaicking recognition with applications in digital photo authentication based on a quadratic pixel correlation model | author = YiZhen Huang | author2 = YangJing Long | name-list-style = amp | journal = Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | year = 2008 | pages = 1–8 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100617081150/http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~huangyz/cvpr08_Huang.pdf | archivedate = 2010-06-17 }}

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Computational criminology

question: Summarize the real-world examples of the apllication of computational criminology.

answer: Forensic animation was first used in Connors v. United States, a case surrounding the crash of Delta Flight 191 in 1985. Part of the plaintiff presentation included a 45-minute computer generated presentation. The first reported use of computer animation in a U.S. criminal trial was in the 1991 homicide trial of James Mitchell, in which animation was used to explain the complex details of the shooting incident. In India, Prof. T D Dogra used animation in two important cases of firearm injuries.

question: What does the article say about the drawbacks of computational forensics?

question: Summarize everything related to specific crimes.

answer: Computational criminology has been used in cases of identity thefy. Computer animation was used in the homicide trial of James Mitchell. In India, it was used in cases of firearm injuries, murder, and terrorist encounter killings.


text:
The FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY AND EARTH SCIENCES is one of twelve faculties at the University of Heidelberg. It comprises the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Geography, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Institute of Mineralogy, and the Institute of Environmental Geochemistry. Chemistry was established as a separate discipline at the University of Heidelberg in 1817 with Leopold Gmelin being appointed ordinary professor of chemistry and medicine.[1] 1895 is considered to be the date of foundation of Geography at the University of Heidelberg as it was from this year on that lectures in physical and mathematical geography were held on a regular basis. In 1899 the first professorship in geography was established, filled by Alfred Hettner.[2]

Institute of Inorganic Chemistry

[3]

Institute of Organic Chemistry

[4]

Institute of Physical Chemistry

The main research areas of the Institute of Physical Chemistry are:

-   laser-induced chemical processes and laser diagnostics of technical combustion and catalytical processes
-   single molecule spectroscopy of biological samples
-   dynamic regulation of adhesive contacts and of the cytoskeleton architecture of biological cells using novel micro- and nanostructured materials
-   design and advanced characterization of functional surfaces and interfaces
-   biocompatible coatings for biotechnology and medical applications
-   nanolithography and -technology
-   chemical and biochemical sensors
-   x-ray microscopy and holography
-   theoretical studies of the electronic structure and dynamics of molecules
-   theoretical investigations to reveal new phenomena in prototype neutral and charged molecular species

[5]

Institute of Geography

The first professorship in geography was established in 1899, filled by Alfred Hettner. The earth scientist Bernhard Eitel is currently the rector of the University of Heidelberg. [6]

Institute of Geology and Paleontology

Paleontology was established in 1823 with lectures by Heinrich Georg Bronn.[7]

Institute of Mineralogy

The first chair for mineralogy was established in 1817 with Karl Cesar von Leonhard.[8]

Institute of Environmental Geochemistry

Prof. German Müller established the Institute of Environmental Geochemistry in 1993. The main research areas of the institute are:

-   the rates and mechanisms of chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals, including surface studies of reactions at the mineral-water interface
-   chemical and isotopic evolution of atmospheric aerosols derived from rock-weathering, and their variation with Holocene climate change
-   geochemical studies of lake sediments and peat bog archives of these records, including chemical weathering and early diagenesis
-   physical and chemical processes at mineral-water interfaces such as adsorption, desorption, and redox transformations
-   the chemical and isotopic evolution of natural waters, including diffusion chamber studies of early diagenetic reactions in sediments
-   transformation of element species in soils and sediments and natural waters intensity and rates of humification of natural organic matter
-   natural halogenation and de-halogenation of organic molecules development of hyphenated instrumental techniques (HPLC-AAS, HPLC-ICP-AES, GC-MS) and pyrolytic methods for species analysis

[9]

Noted chemists and earth scientists

-   Leopold Gmelin
-   Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
-   Robert Bunsen
-   Victor Meyer
-   Theodor Curtius
-   Gustav Kirchhoff
-   Hermann von Helmholtz
-   Emil Erlenmeyer
-   Dmitri Mendeleev
-   Carl Bosch
-   Alfred Hettner
-   Harry Rosenbusch
-   Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt
-   Paul Ramdohr

Notes and references

Category:Heidelberg University

[1] Geschichte der Fakultät

[2]

[3] Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut

[4] Institute of Organic Chemistry

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Mineralogisches Institut Universitaet Heidelberg

[9]

title: Heidelberg University Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences

question: What does the text say about Geography at the university?

answer: The Institute of Geography is a part of the Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences at the University of Heidelberg. 1895 is considered to be the founding date of Geography at the University, as it was in that year that lectures in physical and mathematical geography were held on a regular basis. In 1899, the first professorship in geography was established, filled by Alfred Hettner. The earth scientist Bernhard Eitel is currently the rector of the University of Heidelberg.

question: What does the text say about Carl Bosch's achievements?


text:
Coin Values Moving with Precious Metals: Up-Dated 11/30/2020: Gold $1777 | Silver $22.16

1882 Indian head penny value is part of the higher priced early years of the 1880s. Condition, one of the key deciding factors, often raises the value much higher.

[Uncirculated 1882 Indian Head Penny]

Certain groups of coins are difficult to find in better than average condition. Older coins including 1882 pennies are tough to find nice. Collectors concerned with quality search through many Indian pennies before an acceptable coin is located.

Your coin, if of higher quality, is the exception when considering all the Indian pennies available. Heavily worn is the norm. A detail often lacking is the beaded necklace just above the shoulder line. Detecting individual beads is one indication of less wear and potentially a valuable coin.

Condition conscious dealers pay the highest price for "uncirculated" coins. Pictured is an 1882 penny that never entered circulation, a rare situation for coins of the time. Because of exceptional care, preserving it original color and luster, value is greater than $55. Decide on your coin's condition by viewing it under a light and matching it to one of the grading images below. How much an 1882 penny is worth depends greatly on condition.

1882 Indian Head Penny Value

Condition of Coin
Date
Good
Fine
Extremely
Fine
Uncirculated

1882 Indian Head Penny Value Updated
2020
1882
$2
$5
$19
$54

$220 Luster and 1882 Indian Head Penny Value

Original luster is a $220 difference in value between the left image and the toned 1882 Indian penny shown on the right. Both are equal in one sense as neither coin entered circulation and no wear is found on each. It is the delicate luster separating the appeal and value of the two coins.

Eye appeal of an 1882 Indian penny with brilliant luster places its value far above the toned example. Copper is prone to rapid toning and turning dark shades of tan and then brown. Rarely is an old penny sheltered from the elements allowing it to maintain its bright newly minted shine. Although the bottom coin retains some of the original color in the recesses among the lettering, the other out shines it in value.

Both were sold in a David Lawrence rare coin auction and bidders decided on $358 for the bright 1882 and $138 for the evenly toned penny. Values of your Indian pennies are stronger for coins with the greater eye appeal. Dark colors have a tendency to hide details, natural lighter colors enhance and highlight the design.

[Value Range of 1882 Pennies]

Finding the Highest Value

Condition of your coin is rated by the different stages of wear and referred to by different "grades." The removing of design details as a coin was used in circulation lowers today's value to a collector. Follow the descriptions and you soon recognize the difference from one "grade" and value to the next.

[1882 Indian Head Penny Uncirculated Condition]

UNCIRCULATED: All the characteristics of a new penny remain. The original mint luster of this old penny is unbroken with no wear to the coin. Toning to a light brown is possible however rotating the coin under a light reveals undisturbed luster underneath. Examine the highest areas for signs of wear. The first to exhibit abrasions is her chin, hair above the eye and curls behind her neck. A coin tops in 1882 Indian head penny value.

[Indian Head Penny Extremely Fine Condition]

EXTREMELY FINE: Sharply defined details, including the minor elements, describes an Indian penny in "extremely fine" condition. Looking closely at the head band the letters in Liberty are fully separated from the lines of the band. Wear is present, however all parts are bold. Your coin should stand out as very pleasing to the eye and highly detailed.

[Indian Head Penny Fine Condition]

FINE: As a collectible coin, 1882 Indian head penny value is generally double a lesser grade example. Moderate wear with ample detail remaining is the appearance of a "fine" grade penny. Wear has reduced the highest details considerably but not to the point of merging one into the other. The ribbon behind her neck is still separated from the hair, although worn smooth as it crosses. Her forehead is fully detailed and apart from the headband. The headband despite obvious wear still portrays "Liberty."

[Indian Head Penny Good Condition]

GOOD: Heavy wear reducing the design to just an outline describes an Indian penny in "good" condition. Normally protected by the line of the shoulder, no evidence of a beaded necklace is visible at the base of the neck. Once finely detailed feather and headband are worn virtually smooth. Although recognizable by date and as an Indian penny, all major elements forming the design have merged.

Coin Values | CoinStudy Articles

Date by Date
In Depth Indian Penny Value
1859 to 1882

Date by Date
In Depth Indian Penny Value
1883 to 1909

[Discover... The Value of all Your Indian Pennies]

The value of an Indian Penny is...

Common dates are now worth one dollar each. You have a popular coin, everyone understands and has heard of the value of an Indian Head penny. Many collectors are building collections and putting a heavy demand on very rare dates and better condition coins. Compare your 1882 Indian head penny value to other dates on the values chart.

[Visit... Old Penny Values]

Old US Penny Values are Rising

Accurate penny values are found by using the grading images to judge condition then checking the date and values on the charts covering each series of US pennies. Discover all the rare varieties, dates and mintmarks.

★Coin Values Discovery finds... 1882 Indian Head Penny Value and...

All old US coin values. It is an excellent index with images and text links to all coin series, from Cents to Gold. Value charts, grading images and descriptions uncover not only the value of Indian pennies but how much your box of old coins is worth.

question: When was this article updated?

answer: November 30th, 2020.

question: What year is the Indian Head Penny from?

answer: 1882.

question: What are the possible conditions of the coin?

answer: Good, fine, extremely fine, and uncirculated.

question: How much did the bright 1882 penny sell for at a David Lawrence coin auction?

answer: $358.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The article describes coin values of a rare 1882 Indian Head penny. They can come in four conditions: good, fine, extremely fine, and uncirculated. The uncirculated pennies are the most valuable. Some have sold for a few hundred dollars. The article describes what constitutes each condition.


text:
KEVIN M. BROPHY (born November 1, 1953) is an American film and TV actor.

Brophy was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is known for his portrayal of the title character in _Lucan_. He appeared with his wife, Amy, in the 1994 film _The Magic of the Golden Bear: Goldy III_.[1]

Illinois-based Ray Fulk, a man who died in July 2012 at the age of 71, bequeathed half of his estate to the actor in his will, the other half going to his friend and _The Young and the Restless_ star Peter Barton, despite never meeting them.[2] Fulk, who had no family of his own, was a fan of both actors.[3]

Partial filmography

-   _I'm Losing You_ (1998) .... Conductor
-   _White Dwarf_ (1995) .... Hospital Orderly
-   _Shattered Image_ (1994) .... Second Dr. Collins
-   _The Magic of the Golden Bear: Goldy III_ (1994) .... Melvin
-   _Hart to Hart: Hart to Hart Returns_ (1993) .... West
-   _Fearless_ (1993) .... TV Reporter
-   _Fatal Charm_ (1990) .... Deputy Williams
-   _Code Name Vengeance_ (1989) .... Chuck
-   _Easy Wheels_ (1989) .... Tony Wolf
-   _The Delos Adventure_ (1987) .... Greg Bachman
-   _Time Walker_ (1982) .... Peter Sharpe
-   _The Seduction_ (1982) .... Bobby
-   _Hell Night_ (1981) .... Peter Bennett
-   _Trouble in High Timber Country_ (1980) .... Tony Aguella
-   _The Long Riders_ (1980) .... John Younger
-   _Lucan_ (1977) .... Lucan

Selected TV guest appearances

-   _JAG_
-   _Just the Ten of Us_
-   _Growing Pains_
-   _Finder of Lost Loves_
-   _Zorro_
-   _Matt Houston_
-   _Trapper John, M.D._
-   _The Love Boat_
-   _M*A*S*H_
-   _The Hardy Boys Mysteries_
-   _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_

[1] Illinois Man Leaves Estate to Two Actors He Never Met

[2] Man Leaves ‘Hell Night’ Actors $1M Estate

[3]

title: Kevin Brophy

question: Why did Ray Fulk give his estate to Kevin Brophy and Peter Barton after he died despite never meeting them?

answer: Because he was a fan of their work and he never had a family of his own to give his estate to.


text:
Where

FIU, Biscayne Bay Campus - Wolfe University Center
3000 NE 151 Street
North Miami, FL 33181

[]
Driving Directions

CROWN CANOPY LEADERSHIP AWARD. Please take a moment to nominate an individual who has dedicated their career to growing Miami-Dade's Tree canoopy. All Nominations must be submitted by THURSDAY, MARCH 9, 2017.
  []

Growing Our Tree Canopy Through Research Driven Solutions

The premier exchange on trees in Miami-Dade featuring best practices from green cities, highlights from the Miami-Dade Urban Tree Canopy Assessment, insights on achieving Tree City/Tree Campus USA, tips on how to get trees to thrive, cutting edge research on the value of trees in Miami, Crown Canopy Award winner and the unveiling of the County’s online tree canopy tool.

Elected Officials, Planners, Landscape Architects, Public Works, City Administrators, Educators, Arborists, Advocates, Community Leaders and members of public are welcomed!

CEU Credits available - ISA: 4 CEU's,  FNGLA: 4 CEU's and AICP 5 credits.

COSTS
 $20 PRE-SALE TICKETS - PRE-REGISTRATION CLOSES MARCH 20, 2017
 $30 AT THE DOOR
 $5 STUDENT TICKETS with discount code

AGENDA
8:30 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. REGISTRATION AND COFFEE

9:00 a.m. - 9:15 a.m. WELCOME

NEAT STREETS MIAMI’S STREET TREE MATCHING GRANT AWARD ANNOUNCEMENT _
Grant awards to partner communities planting native or Florida-friendly trees on Miami-Dade's corridors and gateways._

9:15 a.m. - 12 noon  MORNING SESSIONS

WHY NOT PLANTING TREES COULD BE KILLING YOUR COMMUNITY_
The impact of trees on your community’s health and economy_
MAKING YOUR COMMUNITY CLAMMOR FOR TREES_
How to market trees in your community_

10:30 a.m. - 10:45 a.m. NETWORKING BREAK

PUTTING YOUR TREE RESEARCH TO WORK_
Miami-Dade County Urban Tree Canopy Assessment and Action Plan_
ARMING YOUR COMMUNITY WITH GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
_Planting trees as a sea level rise solution_
CROWN CANOPY LEADERSHIP AWARD_
To an individual who has dedicated their career to growing Miami-Dade’s tree canopy_

12 noon  - LUNCH IN PANTHER SQUARE

1:00 p.m. - AFTERNOON SESSIONS

GETTING THE MOST GREEN OUT OF YOUR NEW AND EXISTING TREE INVENTORY
_From tree selection and planting to maintenance, biodiversity and pollinators_
LEARN FROM LEADERS PUTTING TREES IN THE GROUND: YOU CAN DO IT!_
Municipal/Non-Profit Best Practices Lightning Round_
INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY_
Developing a multi-pronged approach to tackling our lowest tree canopy_

3:00 p.m. - SUMMIT CONCLUSION

30 MINUTE _OPTIONAL_ BISCAYNE BAY CAMPUS TOURS (MUST SIGN UP IN ADVANCE)_
Discovering FIU’s tree assets and tackling invasive species_

question: What is the schedule for?

answer: A conference about trees

question: What is FNGLA

answer: This is not provided in the text.

question: What event happens after registration and coffee?

answer: Welcome

question: Student prices are reduced by how much?

answer: $5

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article provides the location, pricing, and schedule for a conference called Growing Our Tree Canopy Through Research Driven Solutions. There are several events aimed at promoting effective tree husbandry and networking among arboreal enthusiasts.


text:
[]

_PHILADELPHIA (CBS)_ — Kennedy Health in South Jersey has been honored nationally for its program to combat sepsis infections which  kill more people than heart attacks.

The CDC has declared sepsis a medical emergency that kills 258,000 people a year nationally.

READ: STUDY FINDS LINK BETWEEN HAPPY SPOUSES AND HEALTH

It’s tricky to diagnose, but Kennedy Health has instituted a program in its three hospitals that’s dramatically reduced its sepsis death rate.

Michael Bergers say his life was saved at Kennedy Hospital in Cherry Hill.

“It started from a paper cut”, explains Michael. He had a little cut on his finger that turned into sepsis and a three week medically induced coma.

“It scared the hell out of me, can’t believe that was actually me,” says Michael, who never knew much about sepsis.

It’s often triggered by a flesh eating bacteria that can cause organ failure.

READ: ON RADIO AND TV WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, IT’S A TEST — IT’S ONLY A TEST

Michael describes the shock, “They said I was circling the drain, I had a 50/50 shot from what they told me, I had a 50/50 shot of living.”

Fortunately, Michael was treated quickly at Kennedy which has a special program that’s reduced deaths from sepsis.  It’s often missed because there’s no specific test for sepsis and symptoms can vary.

Marianne Kraemer, the administrative director for infection control at Kennedy Health says, “The ultimate goal is to recognize it, treat it and minimize any side effects a patient may have of sepsis so it doesn’t progress to severe sepsis or septic shock.”

A clock in the emergency department times a quick response.

Kraemer says, “Everybody sees that and recognizes that somewhere in the E.R. there is someone who is septic and all attention goes to that patient.”

And there’s a bundle of interventions that include IV  fluids, blood cultures, antibiotics and watching for a change in vital signs.

Michael, who’s grateful says, “I had the exact people I should’ve had to save my life.”

READ: THIS ‘PARKING TICKET’ IS AS BIG AS YOUR CAR WINDSHIELD

Kennedy Health’s sepsis program has received national attention from the Sepsis Alliance and was just recognized with the Sepsis Hero Award.

Kraemer said about the award, “I was really overwhelmed with the award. It was a lot of work that went into that and a lot of people behind the scenes to really earn that award.”

Michael says he’s completely recovered now and doesn’t know where he picked up the sepsis. While commonly linked to hospital infections, the CDC says 80 percent of sepsis cases happen outside hospital settings.

[]

Stephanie  Stahl

[]

question: How many people die of Sepsis each year?

answer: 258,000.

question: Whose life was saved at Kennedy Hospital in Cherry Hill?

answer: Michael Bergers.

question: What percentage of sepsis cases happen outside of hospital settings?

answer: 80 percent according to the CDC.

question: What chances did Michael say he had to live?

answer: A 50/50 shot.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses a hospital called Kennedy Health in South Jersey that has been particularly good at treating sepsis.


text:
     I live in a small house, a row home.  It’s not the “nicest” part of town, but I enjoy it.  I spend a lot of time in my room.  It’s in the basement, adjacent to the rear of the house, which lets out to a back alleyway.  I’ve got a nice little set-up, with a door leading into the remainder of the basement and a door leading outside.  I’ve also got a good sized screened window, with a sill, upon which the cats love to perch.  The room is pretty much finished, with carpet and trim, but there is a leak.  I sit at my desk and work and watch and listen to the people walking by.  It’s an entertaining mix.

     My nighttime routine includes brushing, going potty, getting naked, turning off the lights, and opening the curtain, in no particular order - save for concluding with a satisfying climb under the covers.  One evening, as I’m getting near that stage of slight dreaminess, where you nod in and out of consciousness, rain begins to fall.  I didn’t notice at first, but I began to listen as it grew a little louder.  Softly, yet suddenly, I hear a familiar sound; strange though, for a carriage to be anywhere around here.  It had approached so gracefully and quietly that I was not startled at its very rapid arrival.  It was parked right beside the back of the house, and I could see the horse’s head through the window, peering deep inside with his watery black right eye.  The horse itself was also black, as were the reigns, which looked somewhat tattered.

     As soon as I looked in the horse’s eye, a feeling of darkness fell over me, like a tide rolling in.  The eye was a giant black marble, a primordial ocean, violent and deep.  Shadows flickered out from the periphery, waving, darkening the already pitch black coat.  I knew to look away almost instantly, as I would have surely drown in the undertow.  I remained calm, checked my breath, and looked around the eye.  The horse stepped forward and revealed the man holding the reigns, an old man, seemingly crippled, or bent.  It wasn’t really clear what was wrong with him, he just seemed sickly, weak.  He was dressed in black, as was the entire carriage.  The thing looked like it was about to fall apart, and it reeked of evil, of torture and destruction.  The man gave a menacing grin.

     I had had about enough.  I got up, walked to the end of my bed, and picked up my shotgun.  My eyes had well-adjusted to the dim light, and I opened my drawer and pulled out a round of buckshot.  Loading the gun, I looked at the driver.  He shifted nervously, frowning slightly.  I checked the cartridge, snapped the barrel together and aimed at the picture of hell that was now standing before me, aiming back with two barrels of his own.  The barrels shined silver, butted with a deep red colored stock and an intricately decorated firing assembly.  The hammer and chamber glinted in the ambient night light.

     I knew I could not fail as the conviction of love filled me; I cocked my gun and fired into his chest as he was cocking his.  He laughed, and a new wave of putrid hatred swept over me, tossing my sense of self like a tree in a hurricane.  With a scowl and a sharp look from his grey piercing eyes, he informed me that 47 men had already tried tha- but before he could finish, the might of a thousand suns overtook me.  In an instant I tore that gun from his hands and aimed it at his head.  I fired without hesitation, just as he began to pause his sentence.  He dropped, and my ears rang.

     The horse seemed uncomfortable, but did not startle at the shots.  I stepped over the man’s limp body toward the door.  I knew there was still evil lurking, Satan had only been wounded.  I swung the door open and stepped into the cool night air, steady drizzle, new moon.  A foul odor wafted about, like molten rock and bodies.  The horse watched as I moved around him to the door of the carriage.  Without opening it I could see through the open window to the occupants, two small children, a boy and a girl.  Their eyes were black.  Dressed like puritanical dolls and skin like porcelain, they sat holding hands, gazing with a wicked innocence.  The soft creases around their eyes betrayed the sick pleasure they derived from doing very bad things.  They pleaded with me in childish whimpers, begged my mercy for their foulness, cried softly at the impending punishment.  I said nothing as I raised the heavy barrels and lined up the children, being sure to hit both at vital points with the spread.  Lightning struck and thunder clapped as I fired over the teary-eyed pleas of the demons, hit both in the throat: one in the esophagus, one in the artery.  They vanished, evaporated as the force that created them was felled by its own tool.  The carriage, the horse, and the man had all gone out in the blink of an eye.  The rain had dissipated, a slight mist hung in the air.  I looked down at my empty hands, shook my head, and walked back in my room.  Inside, I checked the room for damage, but there was none.  The shotgun was still smoking when I removed the empty shell, put it at the end of the bed, and went to sleep.

title: The Confrontation

question: Why does the narrator decide to shoot the man on the horse?

answer: He senses that the man is evil.

question: Why did the carriage visit the narrator?

answer: The occupants meant to do him harm.


text:
  We're open. Book your appointment now!

NO SHOW PROTECTION: From now we require all clients to enter a card when booking online and accept our MODERATE POLICY, with 30% fee to cancel within 12 hours, and 50% no show fee.  YOU WON'T BE CHARGED WHEN YOU BOOK ONLINE, PAYMENT WILL BE COLLECTED IN STORE AFTER YOUR APPOINTMENT. The card details are securely encrypted with full PCI compliance, Blow never have access to sensitive card numbers. We need to do this because a lot of people don’t turn up when they book.

Post Lockdown Treats

[woman-at-hair-salon.jpg]

Seavite Facial, wash and blow dry with head massage and mini manicure €85

A 25 minute facial using the wonderful and natural Seavite products, by the Doctors Mulroney, followed by a wash, head message and blow dry and mini manicure including hand massage, shape, buff, cuticle work & polish.

[]

Seavite Facial, wash and blow dry with head massage and makeover, which includes Make up and shape and polish €100

A 25 minute facial using the wonderful and natural Seavite products, created by the Dr Mulroney, followed by a wash, head message and blow dry, followed by makeup make over and shape and polish for nails.

[Beautiful woman having back massage and feeling visibly good dur (Copy)]

Full body massage, Seavite facial, mini manicure, wash and blow dry €150

1 Hour. For stress, anxiety or just relaxation the treatment can be invigorating to help with tight muscles, followed by a 25 minute facial using the wonderful and natural Seavite products, by the Doctors Mulroney, wash and blow dry and mini manicure including hand massage, shape, buff, cuticle work & polish.

Download the Blow app and save

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If you could have any hair color, minimum damage, which would you choose? Blonder, better, lighter, stronger. #WellaPlex

Why choose HD Brows?

We’re proud to be experts in brows. So, if you’ve been on the search for your perfect brows, you’ve found the right place.

New Color Renew by Wella

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Color Renew is a zero damage colour reducer to adjust, change and correct undesired permanent hair colour results.  #WellaHair

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The Blow Salon's App simplifies the appointment scheduling process. Download the app and get special discounts.

Luxury tan

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Wonderful Airbrush Tanning that only takes 15mins. Blow uses an organic tan called Vita Liberata which is odour-free.

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As we are open 7 days a week we are always on the lookout for suitable people for our salons. Hairdressers and Beauticians wanted!

question: What is no show protection?

answer: Clients are required to enter a card when booking online and accept their moderate policy of a 30% fee to cancel within 12 hours and a 50% no show fee.

question: What is the advertisement for?

answer: Blow Salon

question: Describe the Seavite facial.

answer: It is a 25 minute facial using Seavite products that were created by Dr. Mulroney.

question: What is Color Renew?

answer: It is a zero damage color reducer to adjust, change, and correct undesired permanent hair color results.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of the document, Blow Salon was advertising their services, discussing no show protection for their business, and announcing their "post lockdown treats".


text:
I look down at my feet, swinging them back and forth because my legs can’t reach the ground. It’s dark, and my seat is wet with a mixture of old rain and early-morning dew. I’m tired; I’ve been awake all night. I’m cold; there’s a slight breeze that I hadn’t noticed before now. But I am not afraid. Back to the West, over my shoulder, the sky is dark as night. Clouds that drenched the previous day with rain are passing off into the distance, leaving a shining trail of puddles and wet pavement like an enormous snail. Toward the horizon in front of me, however, I see the sky is clear, and just starting to brighten.

I feel the cool breeze again, and I shift uncomfortably. I hear the faint crinkling of paper. I reach into my jacket and pull out the incomplete letter. I unfold it carefully, making no sudden movements, and press it flat against my thigh. I pull a pen out of my other jacket pocket, and study the blank space after the word “Dear.” I wrote this final letter after two rough drafts, but I can’t think of who I wrote it for. My parents are long dead. I have no friends, no other family. No one to apologize to. I can’t say goodbye to any loved ones, but hopefully I’ll get to say hello to a few.

I glance at my watch. Twenty minutes after five. I set my pen down beside me and fold my letter, placing it back in my jacket pocket, the salutation still incomplete. I look down at my swinging legs again. I remember when I used to climb the tree in our back yard, and sit with my feet dangling. In my young imagination I’d always thought that tree was as tall as a skyscraper. I lean forward a few inches and look down through my dangling feet at the sidewalk forty-two stories below. I hope I get to see my parents again.

I very carefully hold the edge of the building as I get my feet under me, and very slowly stand up. The sun will be rising soon, and I want to see it one more time.

I stand up very carefully and look forward, toward the East. I can see the rim of the bright orange sun peeking over the horizon, drawing long shadows from all the buildings. I sigh and say a silent prayer. I ask God to understand why I want this. Why I need this. I hope he’ll forgive me, or at least let me see my family, just once, just for a moment. I miss my mom, and my dad.

I can feel tears starting to flow; not for me, but for my family. I want to tell them I love them, and that I’m sorry for what I’m doing. Maybe I’ll get to.

I can’t see the sun anymore, my tears have blurred it too much, but I can still feel its warm rays on my face. I turn slowly away from the light. I extend my arms straight out on either side, then immediately feel stupid and lower them again. I settle for keeping my hands about six inches from my pockets, palms facing forward. I wipe my eyes and look down to see the heels of my shoes are hanging off the edge, before my eyesight blurs again. I lift my gaze again, wipe my eyes one last time, and slowly lean backward, inch by inch. When gravity finally takes hold, it catches me by surprise and I hunch forward as my body instinctively tries to save itself, but it’s too late. I can only face up toward the clear sky, which is framed by buildings that seem to be shooting upward. And then I’m gone.

title: My first short story

question: What is the narrator preparing to do?

answer: The narrator is preparing to commit suicide by leaping off a 42 storey building. All they are waiting for is for the sun to rise so they can see the start of one more day. When the sun rises the narrator takes action and leaps from the building.

question: What is the purpose of the letter and why does the narrator not complete it?

answer: The purpose of the letter was to write a suicide note. The narrator starts to address it and then realizes that there is no one left to apologize to. Their parents are dead and they have no other friends or family?

question: How did the narrator's parents die?