text:
BY MARK SAVAGE
Music reporter

image copyrightGetty Images

image captionPop duo Yu Quan are one of the most popular acts in China

MORE THAN 977 MILLION PEOPLE IN CHINA - 72% OF THE POPULATION - LISTEN TO MUSIC EVERY WEEK, ACCORDING TO A NEW SURVEY OF THE COUNTRY'S LISTENING HABITS.

The average Chinese consumer enjoys 16 hours of music per week, with 66% of listeners using a streaming service.

It lags behind the US, where 91% of the population listens to music every week, and the UK, where the figure is 85.5%.

But China has a healthy live scene, with 57% of affluent fans attending concerts, compared to 51% in the US.

The figures, compiled by US company Nielsen, show a great disparity between wealthy Chinese consumers and those on lower incomes.

In total, 83% of affluent consumers listen to music at least once a week; compared to 53% for low-earners.

The well-off tend to prefer Western or English-language music, and are more likely to listen to pop, rock and jazz.

They spend an average of 914 yuan ($139, £97) on music every year; while poorer Chinese consumers spend just 118 yuan ($18, £13).

Nielsen projected that spending on music would increase over the next decade - with overall consumer spending expected to reach $56 trillion (£39 trillion) driven largely by young, affluent, connected consumers with disposable incomes.

However, piracy remains a major barrier. Just 3% of low-income consumers said they would be "very likely" to pay for a streaming service in the future.

image copyrightReuters

image captionTaylor Swift brought her 1989 World Tour to Shanghai last November

The findings will be read with interest by record companies in the West, who are increasingly looking to China to offset falling revenues at home.

Once largely closed to foreign music, the country has gradually loosened restrictions and emerged as a crucial territory for bands of all sizes.

Wham! made headlines 31 years ago by becoming the first Western band to play in Beijing and the southern city of Guangzhou; and as recently as 2002, a concert by Kenny G was considered big news.

Now Chinese cities frequently turn up on the touring itineraries for a range of acts. Taylor Swift, Bob Dylan, Robbie Williams, Bon Jovi, Michael Buble and Ellie Goulding have all played there in recent years.

But booking a show in Shanghai is not without its pitfalls.

Before foreign artists can perform, the culture ministry runs background checks and pre-approves set lists. In 2006, the Rolling Stones were told to drop five songs - including Honky Tonk Woman and Let's Spend the Night Together - because of their suggestive lyrics.

"Fortunately, we have 400 more songs that we can play so it's not really an issue," said Mick Jagger.

Other artists have been banned completely. Jay-Z had permission for a 2006 concert turned down because of his "vulgar lyrics"; while Kraftwerk were denied Chinese visas because they had been slated to perform at a pro-Tibetan independence concert in 1999 - even though the appearance was eventually cancelled.

Sir Elton John also attracted disapproval when he dedicated his 2012 concert in Beijing to the artist and activist Ai Weiwei.

He received a visit from police, while the state-run newspaper Global Times said the singer was "disrespectful" when he "forcibly added political content to the concert".

"If they had known that this concert would be dedicated to Ai Weiwei, many in the audience would not have come," it said.

More on this story

-   -   -

question: What does the text say are some pitfalls for western bands booking a show in Shanghai?

answer: In Beijing, the culture ministry runs background checks and pre-approves set-lists before foreign artists can perform. Any song with suggestive lyrics must be dropped from the set. Other artists are banned completely for having too many vulgar lyrics. Another artist was visited by police for being "disrespectful" when they dedicated the concert to Chinese artist and activist, Ai Weiwei.


split: train

text:
"How did they know it was bedtime at Michael Jackson's house?" I said, confidently, knowing my golden punchline was ironclad funny. (can't wait!)

"Ummm, like, I don't know. How?" She set me up nicely.

"When the big hand was on the little hand!" I delivered it perfectly. Jazzhanded and breathless in anticipation, I awaited her reaction.

"Like, whatever."

Whatever!?! No tee-hee, not even a measly el-oh-el? I mean, if u don't laugh at that brilliant joke you're incapable of laughter. Her Plenty-of-Fish profile confirmed she loved funny guys. Laughless McGee even wrote it in CAPS. Bewilderment spun around me; i'm dizzy. Horrifically, she added, "The cranberry juice I ordered is for my urinary tract infection," without a detectable wince of humor.

Clarity filled my mind and I became acutely aware I was on a date with the Devil. Surely, nutclamps and enemas would follow me down to the charred walls of the damned that night. I was just another victim; just a padding statistic for the Devil.

*Last blind date, ever!* I thought. I was super-serious this time.

title: The Blind Date

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: That information can't be found

question: Why does the narrator decide this will be their last blind date?

answer: His date doesn't laugh at his joke, and during their date, she tells him she has a UTI

question: How did the narrator meet their date?

answer: He met her via Plenty-of-Fish

question: List the main characters.

answer: The narrator and their date

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator tells a joke and his blind date doesn't laugh. She then tells him she has a UTI. The narrator realizes that his date is the Devil and decides he will never go on a blind date again.


text:
_NOBEL_ is a 2016 Norwegian television series that premiered on NRK on 25 September 2016. It depicts Norway’s military involvement in Afghanistan.[1] It was produced by Monster Scripted for the Norwegian broadcaster NRK and was broadcast under the title _NOBEL – FRED FOR ENHVER PRIS_ (_Nobel – Peace at Any Cost_).[2][3] The series under the title _Nobel_ was made available on Netflix for streaming on 13 December 2016.[4] Nobel was subsequently removed from Netflix in November 2020. [5]

Background

The series originated from its director Per-Olav Sørensen who was interested in making a contemporary story about Norwegian soldiers involved in military operations in Afghanistan. The script was written with Mette Marit Bøstad and Stephen Uhlander. The producer Håkon Briseid pitched the idea to NRK who then commissioned the TV series. The series was filmed in Oslo, Prague and Morocco in 2015. The production cost 68 million Norwegian krone (€7.9m), and the series is a co-production with Sirena Film in collaboration with DR (Denmark), SVT (Sweden) and RÚV (Iceland) with support from the Norwegian Film Institute and Nordisk Film & TV Fond.[6][7]

The series was acquired for broadcast in France, Israel, and the Benelux countries. It was also sold to Netflix for streaming in various English-speaking countries.[8] The first episode of seven was broadcast as a double episode in Norway, but released as two single episodes on Netflix, making a total of eight episodes for the series.

Cast

-   Aksel Hennie as Lieutenant Erling Riiser, a paratrooper patrol commander
-   Tuva Novotny as Johanne Riiser, Erling's wife and the Foreign Minister's Head of Secretariat
-   Anders Danielsen Lie as Lieutenant Jon Petter Hals, paratrooper patrol commander prior to Erling
-   Dennis Storhøi as Brigadier Jørund Ekeberg, Head of Forsvarets Spesialkommando
-   Mads Sjøgård Pettersen as Lieutenant Håvard Bakkeli
-   Danica Curcic as Lieutenant Adella Hanefi, an interpreter in the Norwegian Intelligence Service
-   as Minister of Foreign Affairs Johan Ruud

-   Odd-Magnus Williamson as Second Lieutenant Hans Ivar Johansen
-   Kyrre Hellum as Major Jan Burås, Erling's superior officer
-   Mattis Herman Nyquist as Hektor Stolt-Hansen, Project Manager for the “Fruit for Life” aid organization
-   Amund Wiegand Blakstvedt as Rikard Riiser, Erling's and Johanne's son
-   as Rolf Innherad, a geologist representing Olje for utvikling (OFU)

-   as Sharif Zamani, a powerful landowner with ties to Taliban

-   as Mullah Ahmed, the Taliban commander in the Balkh Province

-   Ayesha Wolasmal as Wasima Zamani, Sharif's wife and cousin
-   as Heydar Zamani, Sharif's uncle and personal advisor

-   André Jerman as Kristoffer Abel, The Foreign Minister's Director of communications
-   Rolf Kristian Larsen as Sven Rasch, War correspondent for VG
-   Eirik Evjen as Sergeant Sigurd Sønsteby
-   Ingrid Jørgensen Dragland as Minister of Defence Kjersti Mo
-   Heidi Toini as Charlotte Heiberg, Johanne's personal assistant
-   Ellen Horn as Nora Backer, the Chairwoman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
-   Samuel Fröler as Gunnar Riiser, Erling's father and a former professional jockey

Reception

The series was generally well-received by Norwegian critics. Kjetil Lismoen of _Aftenposten_ praised the acting and found the portrayal of the political machinations and the cost that comes from being involved in a war credible.[9] Marie Kleve of _Dagbladet_ considered the series to be socially relevant and significant while at the same time also entertaining to viewers.[10] Øystein David Johansen of _VG_ thought it an ambitious series with outstanding portrayal of the troops in Afghanistan, but found that it was the human drama in the series that impressed him most.[11]

The premiere double episode was watched initially by 750,000 viewers excluding online viewers in Norway (a market share of 45%),[12] with its Total Screen rating reaching 1.322 million viewers when online viewings over a longer period are included.[13] There were over 1 million total viewers for every episode of the series. The final episode was watched by 703,000 viewers on its initial broadcast, with its total audience expected to reach 1.2 million.[14]

The series was nominated for the 2016 Prix Italia in the TV drama category.[15] It won the 2016 Prix Europa Media Award for Best European TV movie/mini-series,[16] and in 2017, it won the Rose d'Or in the Drama Series category.[17]

Episodes

Awards and nominations

  Year          Organization                         Category        Result   Ref.
  ------------- ------------------------------------ --------------- -------- ------
  2016          Prix Italia                          TV drama                 [18]
  Prix Europa   Best European TV movie/mini-series                   [19]
  2017          Gullruten                            Best TV drama            [20]
  Rose d'Or     Drama series                                         [21]

Home Video

Nobel was released on DVD in the UK on 12 November 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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[21]

title: Nobel (TV series)

question: What does the TV series, Nobel, depict?

answer: It depicts Norway's military involvement in Afghanistan.

question: What happened to the TV series in November 2020?

answer: The TV series was removed from Netflix in November 2020.

question: How can you categorize Nobel?

answer: Nobel is a 2016 Norwegian television series.

question: How was the series received by Norwegian critics?

answer: The series was received well by the Norwegian critics.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article discussed, Nobel, a 2016 Norwegian television series, that depicts Norway's military involvement in Afghanistan.


text:
You’ve taken permanent residence in my head. It’s been 335 days since we fell apart for good. But you’ve lived in my head since the day we met.

It was a warm summer day, your husbands birthday. Him and I used to be friends. I guess he was busy, so he had you text me the details about the party. You were forceful, but nice. You were succinct, yet caring. You made sure I was coming, and to say “it’ll be nice to meet you.” I was confused. I had never met you, and Him and I never really talked about you. But you seemed like you were already my friend. I knew your face, I’d see it on his Facebook all the time. I of course thought you were quite attractive. The second I laid my fucking eyes on you I was breathless. If there was ever an epitome of my type, it was you. Skinny blue jeans. Small black hoodie. Cheap plastic sunglasses. Freckles galore. The longest bright pink hair I’d ever seen. Then you said Hello, and hugged me. Game over. The way your small body fit into my fucking arms was what I wanted. I didn’t want to let go. The rest of the day was full of me awkwardly trying my hardest to take my eyes off you. But you were persistent on making me feel at home, and comfortable. I remember us all sitting at a park, and the sun lit up the right side of your face,. You had your sunglasses off, and we made eye contact for the first time. You wanted me, and I wanted you. I had to leave.

Weeks past, and you guys had invited me to warped tour 2012. “Why the hell not.” It was a ridiculously hot day. You wore a small, white, ripped up shirt, and tiny ass blue jean shorts. I couldn’t stop staring at the freckles on your legs, as we walked around the many stages. I couldn’t stop staring at the way you’d wipe that pink hair off your sweat glistened face. He wanted to watch some band, and you and I wanted to see Senses Fail. The group split up. You and I started walking towards the center of the mosh pit, and you reached your hand back for mine. I grabbed it. The way your small hand fit into my fucking hand was what I wanted. We jumped, moshed and danced, and I couldn’t help but have the desire to protect your small body as we stood at the edge of the pit. I can’t physically put that moment into words, but I will never be able to forget it. Senses fail stopped playing, and we regrouped with everyone else.

I need sleep. Please let me forget you.

title: [RO] Letting go.

question: How many days has it been since it all fell apart?

answer: 335 days.

question: Where did the narrator and the woman meet?

answer: She is the wife of his friend. They met at his friend's birthday.

question: Does the woman share his feelings?

answer: When they make eye contact it seems like they want each other.

question: What band do they go to see?

answer: Senses Fail.

question: How does the narrator describe his feelings for the woman?

answer: Mostly through physicality. He wants to protect her and take care of her. hey hold hands and they lock eyes.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A man remembers falling in love with his friend's wife. He thinks about when they first met and then a time they went and saw a band together. He wants to forget her.


text:
TERENCE “TERRY” HARKIN (born December 1951[1]) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 762), as a , i.e. number 2 or 5.[2]

Background

Terry Harkin's birth was registered in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Genealogical information

Terry Harkin is the older brother of the rugby league footballer Paul Harkin, and the cousin of Kevin P. Harkin.

[1]

[2] Mike Rylance (22 August 2013). “Trinity: A History of the Wakefield Rugby League Football Club 1872-2013”. League Publications Ltd.

title: Terry Harkin (rugby league)

question: Where was Terry Harkin born?

answer: He was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

question: Who is Terry Harkin's younger brother?

answer: Paul Harking, he is also a rugby league footballer.

question: What is the relationship between Terry and Kevin P. Harkin?

answer: They are cousins.

question: Which number did Terry Harking play for Wakefield Trinity?

answer: Either number 2 or 5.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Terry Harkin is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played for Wakefield Trinity in the 60's and 70's.


text:
_MARO PRAPANCHAM_ () is a 1970 Telugu-language film, produced by Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Adurthi Subba Rao under the Chakravarthy Chitra banner[1] and directed by Adurthi Subba Rao.[2] It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Savitri, Jamuna in the lead roles[3] and music composed by K. V. Mahadevan.[4]

Plot

During the time of Gandhji's centenary birth celebrations, several leaders & social reformers give messages regarding the ideologies of Gandhi which they do not follow in real life. At this point in time, 9 youngsters who are fed up with these double-standards form into an organization and kidnap children from all over the country. They create a special world called _Maro Prapancham_ where jealousy, rivalry, caste & community do not exist, even Goddess of India (Jamuna) lands at the place. The existence of such a place creates huge uproar in the country and the Central Govt appoints Special CBI Officer Ravindra Nath (Akkineni Nageswara Rao) to solve the case.

Ravindra eventually manages to find the different world after various setbacks. He finds the place filled with piety, truth, peace, kindness & mercy. He is inspired by this and he himself decides to join with the organisation that made the “Maro Prapancham” (Another World). When a few of the members are caught and prosecuted, Ravindra arrives and takes the judiciary to the _Maro Prapancham_, to describe its uniqueness and what they were trying to achieve. Yet, the judiciary is unmoved and judges them guilty, sentencing Ravindra along with the people caught. Thereupon, children obstruct the Police and demand their leaders be set free. Ravindra explains to them that the children are now independent and can carry on on their own, and orders them to make the entire country a different world. The movie ends with the children proceeding towards the _Maro Prapancham_.

Cast

-   Akkineni Nageswara Rao as CBI Officer Ravindra Nath
-   Savitri as Sarada
-   Jamuna as Bharata Maata
-   Gummadi as I.G. Jagannatha Rao
-   Padmanabham
-   Sakshi Ranga Rao as Sanyasi Rao
-   Mada as Peda Gandhi
-   Vijayachander
-   Venkateswara Rao as Narasimha Rao
-   Suryakantham
-   Pushpa Kumari as Rukmini
-   Radha Kumari as Godavari
-   Meena Kumari

Crew

-   ART: G. V .Subba Rao
-   CHOREOGRAPHY: Venu Gopal
-   DIALOGUES: Modukuri Johnson
-   LYRICS: Sri Sri
-   PLAYBACK: SP Balu, S. Janaki
-   MUSIC: K. V. Mahadevan
-   STORY: B. S. Thapa
-   SCREENPLAY: K. Viswanath
-   EDITING: B. Gopala Rao, Adurthi Haranath
-   CINEMATOGRAPHY: K. S. Ramakrishna Rao
-   PRODUCER: Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Adurthi Subba Rao
-   DIRECTOR: Adurthi Subba Rao
-   BANNER: Chakravarthi Chitra
-   RELEASE DATE: 10 April 1970

Soundtrack

Music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. Music released on Audio Company.

  S. No   Song Title                Lyrics    Singers              length
  ------- ------------------------- --------- -------------------- --------
  1       “Idigo Idigo”             Sri Sri   SP Balu, S. Janaki   4:04
  2       “Annagarina Brathukulo”   Sri Sri   SP Balu, S. Janaki

Other

-   VCDs and DVDs on - VOLGA Videos, Hyderabad

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Maro Prapancham

question: Who has directed the movie?

answer: The movie was directed by Adurthi Subba Rao.

question: What is the different world created called?

answer: Maro Prapancham

question: Who are the lead actors?

answer: The lead actors are Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Savitri, and Jamuna.

question: When was the movie released?

answer: In 1970

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer:
In 1970, Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Adurthi Subba Rao produced a film named "Maro Prapancham."

The movie is set during Gandhiji's centenary birth celebrations. Nine youngsters are tired of people's double standards regarding Gandhiji's ideologies. They set up another world called Maro Prapancham, where jealousy, rivalry, and caste do not exist. A CBI officer is appointed to solve this case. In the process, he himself becomes a part of their world. Eventually, a few members are caught and the officer takes the judiciary to Maro Prapancham to show them its uniqueness.


text:
SIR STEVEN GEOFFREY REDGRAVE (born 23 March 1962) is a British retired rower who won gold medals at five consecutive Olympic Games from 1984 to 2000. He has also won three Commonwealth Games gold medals and nine World Rowing Championships golds. He is the most successful male rower in Olympic history, and the only man to have won gold medals at five Olympic Games in an endurance sport.[1][2][3][4]

Redgrave is regarded as one of Britain's greatest-ever Olympians. As of 2016 he was the fourth-most decorated British Olympian, after cyclists Sir Chris Hoy, Jason Kenny and Sir Bradley Wiggins. He has carried the British flag at the opening of the Olympic Games on two occasions. In 2002, he was ranked number 36 in the BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.[5] He received the BBC Sports Personality of the Year – Lifetime Achievement Award in 2011.

Early life and education

[Statue of Redgrave in Higginson Park, Marlow]

Redgrave was born in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, to Geoffrey Edward Redgrave, a submariner in the Second World War who became a builder, and Sheila Marion, daughter of Harold Stevenson, a local bus driver. His great-grandparents Harry and Susannah Redgrave moved to Marlow from Bramfield, Suffolk, in 1887.[6] He was educated at Great Marlow School.

Rowing career

Redgrave's primary discipline was sweep rowing, in which he won Olympic Gold rowing both bowside and strokeside (port and starboard).

From 1991, the crews in which he rowed became renowned for their consistent dominance, winning almost every time they raced.

For much of his career he suffered illness: in 1992 he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis,[7] and in 1997 he was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2.[8]

Olympic games

Redgrave won gold medals at five consecutive Olympic Games from 1984 to 2000, plus a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Immediately after winning the 1996 Olympic Gold Medal, he stated that if anyone found him close to a rowing boat again, they could shoot him. However, he changed his mind shortly afterward, and resumed training after a four-month break.[9]

In 2000, he won his fifth consecutive Olympic Gold Medal and retired from the sport. In August 2000, prior to his final Olympic Games, the BBC broadcast _Gold Fever_, a three-part BBC documentary which had followed the coxless four in the years leading up to the Olympics. It included video diaries recording the highs and lows in the quest for gold. At the medal ceremony after the 2000 Summer Olympics he was also presented with a gold Olympic pin by IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch in recognition of his achievement.[10]

World Championships

At the World Rowing Championships he won nine gold medals, two silvers, and a bronze.

He won the World Championship for Indoor rowing in 1991.[11]

Henley Royal Regatta

He competed at Henley Royal Regatta for more than two decades, winning: the Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup for coxless pairs seven times (twice with Andy Holmes, once with Simon Berrisford and four times with Matthew Pinsent); the Stewards' Challenge Cup for coxless fours five times; the Diamond Challenge Sculls twice; the Double Sculls Challenge Cup with Eric Sims then with Adam Clift; and the Queen Mother Challenge Cup for quadruple sculls.

Wingfield Sculls

He won the Wingfield Sculls for single scullers five times between 1985 and 1989.

Life after rowing

In April 2006 Redgrave completed his third London Marathon, raising a record £1,800,000 for charity.

He starred in _Top Ground Gear Force_ for Sport Relief in 2008, where the _Top Gear_ Team (Jeremy Clarkson, James May and Richard Hammond) took on _Ground Force_ with predictable results, and trashed his garden.[12]

He launched his own Fairtrade Cotton Brand of clothing called FiveG, which is sold in Debenhams department stores.[13]

He was involved in starting a rowing academy in India at Lavasa, the new Hill City being developed near Pune City.[14]

In April 2008, Redgrave took part in the Olympic Torch relay for the games in Beijing, and he went on to be one of the final torch-bearers for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, carrying the torch into the stadium, where seven young athletes shared the task of lighting the cauldron at the opening ceremony.

He was named a Patron of the Jaguar Academy of Sport in 2010.[15]

In 2012, he took up kayaking and attempted the Devizes-to-Westminster marathon kayak race, but had to withdraw halfway through due to tiredness.[16]

He rowed on the _Gloriana_ as part of the royal pageant for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[17]

In August 2014, Redgrave was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to _The Guardian_ expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.[18]

Personal life

He married Ann Callaway (now Ann, Lady Redgrave) in 1988; an accomplished rower in her own right, she represented Great Britain in the women's eight at the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984 and was Chief Medical Officer to the GB rowing team from 1992 to 2001 and since 2009 their first full-time Medical Officer.[19] He is the honorary president of British Rowing.[20]

Steven and Ann Redgrave have three children, Natalie, Sophie and Zac. Natalie rowed with the Oxford University Women's Boat Club which won the women's boat race at Henley Boat Races in 2011.[21][22][23]

He is a supporter of Chelsea Football Club.

Honours

In the 2001 New Year Honours he was appointed a Knight Bachelor “for services to Rowing”, which he received in Buckingham Palace from Queen Elizabeth II on 1 May 2001.[24][25]

He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1987, and promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1997.

He was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 2000.

In 2001, the International Rowing Federation awarded him the Thomas Keller Medal for Outstanding International Rowing Career.

He was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of the University from Heriot Watt University in November 2001, having previously been awarded an Honorary Blue in 1997.[26][27]

In 2002, his fifth Olympic gold was voted the greatest sporting moment in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.[28]

The Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake was opened by him and Matthew Pinsent in 2006. The lake and boathouse provide training, medical and scientific facilities for the GB rowing squad.

He was awarded the BBC Sports – Lifetime Achievement Award in 2011.

In 2013, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Edinburgh “in recognition of his outstanding sporting achievements and role as a sports ambassador”.[29][30]

He is commemorated at Burnham Grammar School, Redbridge Community School and Broadlands Science and Engineering School as one of the four houses there. At Linton Village College in Cambridgeshire and Woodcote High School in Croydon, there is a school faculty (house) named after him.[31]

Styles and honours

-   Mr Steven Redgrave (1962–1987)
-   Mr Steven Redgrave MBE (1987–1997)
-   Mr Steven Redgrave CBE (1997–2001)
-   Sir Steven Redgrave CBE (2001–)

Achievements

-   Olympic medals: 5 gold, 1 bronze
-   World Championship medals: 9 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze
-   Junior World Championship medals: 1 silver

Olympic Games

-   2000 – Gold, Coxless Four (with Matthew Pinsent, Tim Foster, James Cracknell)
-   1996 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1992 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1988 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Andy Holmes)
-   1988 – Bronze, Coxed Pair (with Andy Holmes and Patrick Sweeney)
-   1984 – Gold, Coxed Four (with Martin Cross, Adrian Ellison, Andy Holmes and Richard Budgett).

World Rowing Championships

-   1999 – Gold, Coxless Four (with James Cracknell, Ed Coode, Matthew Pinsent)
-   1998 – Gold, Coxless Four (with James Cracknell, Tim Foster, Matthew Pinsent)
-   1997 – Gold, Coxless Four (with James Cracknell, Tim Foster, Matthew Pinsent)
-   1995 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1994 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1993 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1991 – Gold, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1990 – Bronze, Coxless Pair (with Matthew Pinsent)
-   1989 – Silver, Coxless Pairs (with Simon Berrisford)
-   1989 – 5th, Coxed Pairs (with Simon Berrisford and Patrick Sweeney)
-   1987 – Gold, Coxless Pairs (with Andy Holmes)
-   1987 – Silver, Coxed Pairs (with Andy Holmes and Patrick Sweeney)
-   1986 – Gold, Coxed Pairs (with Andy Holmes and Patrick Sweeney)
-   1985 – 12th, Single Sculls
-   1983 – Single Sculls
-   1982 – 6th, Quadruple Scull
-   1981 – 8th, Quadruple Scull

Junior World Rowing Championships

-   1980 – Silver, Double Sculls
-   1979 – Single Sculls

Henley Royal Regatta

-   2001 – Queen Mother Challenge Cup
-   2000 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
-   1999 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
-   1998 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
-   1997 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
-   1995 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1994 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1993 – Stewards' Challenge Cup
-   1993 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1991 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1989 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1987 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1986 – Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup
-   1985 – Diamond Challenge Sculls
-   1983 – Diamond Challenge Sculls
-   1982 – Double Sculls Challenge Cup
-   1981 – Double Sculls Challenge Cup

Other

-   1996 – Winner of UK _Celebrity Gladiators_
-   2000 – BBC Sports Personality of the Year
-   2001 – Collected a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II
-   2001 – Received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University[32]
-   2010 – Awarded the degree of Hon. LLD from the University of St Andrews
-   2011 – BBC Sports – Lifetime Achievement Award
-   2012 – Carried the London 2012 Olympic Torch into the Olympic Stadium
-   2013 – Awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Edinburgh “in recognition of his outstanding sporting achievements and role as a sports ambassador”.[33][34]

Bibliography

-   _Steve Redgrave: A Golden age_ (2000) with Nick Townsend (ghostwriter).
    -   2nd edition: 2001
-   _Steve Redgrave's Complete Book of Rowing_ (1992).
    -   2nd edition: 1995
-   _You Can Win At Life!_ (2005) with Nick Townsend. .
-   ''Inspired ''(2009).
-   Foreword to _Diabetes: The at Your Fingertips Guide_ 5th edition (2003)

[1] “Redgrave to end golden rowing career”. ABC. Retrieved 28 July 2012

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] Ancestry.com Steve Redgrave

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11] CRASH-B Sprints World Indoor Rowing Championships Historical Winners

[12]

[13]

[14] Redgrave, to help nurture rowing in India, _The Hindu_, 14 June 2010

[15]

[16]

[17] Redgrave part of Diamond Jubilee celebrations

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29] Quote taken from the programme notes of the ceremony in McEwan Hall, Edinburgh 8 October 2013

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

title: Steve Redgrave

question: What did Redgrave mean when he said "if anyone found him close to a rowing boat again, they could shoot him"?

answer: He probably meant that he intended to retire from rowing.

question: How did Redgrave contribute to future generations of rowers?

answer: He helped start a rowing academy in India.

question: What do Redgrave and his wife Ann have in common?

answer: They are both accomplished rowers.

question: How many Olympic Hold Medals would Redgrave have won if he had retured after the 1996 Olympics as intended?

answer: 4


text:
Empanadas, bread pies stuffed with shellfish, fish or meats, are iconic of Galician cuisine. The crusts and fillings vary from place to place, and nearly every Galician family, restaurant, and tavern claims to have the secret formula for making the best version. Of the many empanadas I have tasted in this beautiful northwestern region, these ones are my favorites - their crust is consistently delicate and delicious.

This robust filling is typically made with pork loin or tenderloin, but chicken and beef are fine substitutes.

-   Servings: 6

[]

Ingredients

-   1 egg, beaten
-   3/4 lb of pork loin, thinly sliced
-   1/2 tsp bittersweet smoked Pimentón (spanish paprika)
-   3 tbsp olive oil
-   2 tbsp chopped garlic
-   1/2 tsp oregano
-   1/2 cup piquillo pimentos, sliced
-   3 onions chopped
-   3 tomatoes, peeled, seeded and chopped
-   2 tbsp chopped parsley
-   Salt and pepper
-   1 lb of yeast pastry or bread dough
-   1 large red pepper, chopped
-   2 hard boiled eggs

You may be also interested in...

See Also...

[]

Galicia recipes: Its cuisine is one of the main tourist attractions of Galicia: the exquisite delicacies of this region are based on the high quality and variety of the local products used in the preparation of dishes. Country, farm and sea products are unique in their characteristics and quality. Furthermore, it cannot be forgotten that one of the main pillars of Galician cooking is the professionalism of its experts. Galician chefs are found world-wide.

question: Why is Gallician cuisine considered one of the best in the region?

answer: It may be partly because of the professionalism of its chefs.


text:
Republicans are about to start raving about the spending again. Here's why you shouldn't take them seriously

By  David Dayen

January 26, 2016 3:57PM (UTC)

HOUSE SPEAKER PAUL RYAN (AP PHOTO/) (AP/J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE, FILE)

This story has been corrected since it was originally published.

We’re going to start hearing about the deficit again, after a long absence from the political stage. That’s in part because a Democrat might get elected president again – perhaps even on a platform endorsing substantial new federal spending. In the face of that potentially harrowing scenario, government’s willing saboteurs must devise a way to persuade voters to reject those proposals, by spinning terrifying tales of out-of-control debt and intractable burdens for children and grandchildren. For them, deficit fearmongering admirably serves this goal.

Incidentally, while you were busy not hearing about it, the deficit has fallen for the past six years, at the most precipitous rate since the end of World War II. It’s a _problem_ that the deficit dropped so fast, in fact, because we got there mostly through government austerity that has dragged on economic growth since the middle of 2010, contributing not only to the sluggish recovery, but also to deprivations in vital services for the needy.

Just before the election year, Congress made a bunch of changes to boost that deficit back up. The intentions of this were three-fold: 1) reward campaign contributors with tax breaks that go mostly to business; 2) hope that running deficits will feed back into economic growth and protect incumbents seeking re-election; and 3) secure a misleading talking point about irresponsible runaway debt in Obama’s last year in office.

The Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) outlook for fiscal year 2016, released yesterday, does yeoman service at realizing goal number 3. “In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase,” CBO intones, and “if current laws generally remain unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years.” With this information, the scolds can pull off a neat trick: raise the deficit and then scream about the consequences of raising the deficit.

Let’s first look at the numbers: In fiscal year 2015, the deficit fell to $439 billion, about 2.5 percent of GDP, which is fairly low by historical standards. CBO projects a 2016 deficit of $544 billion, a $105 billion increase.

Over 40 percent of this increase, $43 billion, is due to a statistical quirk, CBO explains. The federal fiscal year goes not by the calendar, but from October 1 to September 30. October 1, 2016 happens to fall on a Saturday, meaning that federal payments that normally go out on the 1st of the month will instead get delivered the Friday before. That puts those $43 billion in monthly payments in the 2016 fiscal year instead of 2017, “increasing” the 2016 deficit.

Quick idea for lawmakers: Pass a bill moving the October payments from Friday to Monday, and instantly cut the current-year budget deficit increase by over 40 percent! (This is not as far-fetched as it sounds: California actually balanced their budget a few years back with a version of this gimmick.)

The rest of the deficit comes from the aforementioned legislation – in particular, the 2016 budget, which increases spending modestly above sequestration caps, and the “tax extenders” bill, which made a host of tax cuts, mostly to corporations, permanent. Republicans were eager to deliver these tax cuts to businesses last year, but will likely spend the better part of this year moaning about the surge in the deficit those business tax cuts created.

The Wall Street Journal started this parade last week by headlining the widening budget gap. Tom Price, chairman of the House Budget Committee, followed suit, finger-wagging at the “rising mountain of debt” which will “bring less opportunity, less freedom, and less security.”

Keep in mind that the relatively trivial 2016 deficit increase – around 0.56 percent of GDP – does precious little to the long-term picture, which has far more to do with inflation, interest rates, and the cost of medical care. Increased spending from lifting the sequestration caps could even boost the economy slightly, and the knock-on effects of that, particularly if it leads to more employment, could increase federal tax revenues and bring _down_ the deficit. The one durable cure for deficits has never been fiscal austerity, but full employment.

Unfortunately, handing out a bunch of tax cuts that mostly flow to businesses probably won’t help the economy much, as money saved by those corporations may not be spent. But especially since these permanent tax breaks were permanent-in-everything-but-name before this point, habitually passed year after year, any deficit hysteria resulting from their passage is pretty cynical.

CBO plays into deficit fears by projecting an unsustainable rise in deficits year after year, all the way to $1.36 trillion in 2026, the last year shown. Surely we’ll hear plenty about “$9 trillion added to the national debt” and “the largest debt as a percentage of GDP since the 1940s.”

To be honest, these projections are about as scientific as seeing a picture of Jesus Christ on your toast. (See if you can find the Great Recession in any CBO report before 2008.) But the overall problem with worrying about these issues is that none of the people doing the worrying actually want to commit to any solution. If the problem is insufficient tax revenue, then we could raise taxes on those who can most afford it. But that’s simply off the table. If the problem is an aging population, allowing a greater influx of young people from abroad and bringing the shadow economy on the books fits the bill. But that can never happen either.

Let’s be perfectly clear: runaway federal spending is not the problem. Even with the modest increases this year, the government operates under an artificial and restrictive spending cap, which has reduced discretionary spending to its lowest level of the postwar era. Public investment as a percentage of GDP has been gutted. This investment has historically been what has expanded economic growth; today it’s been crowded out to the verge of extinction.

The real intention of deficit hysteria is to stick a knife in any effort to expand the welfare state, to use “we can’t afford it” as an easy riposte to plans for debt-free college or paid family leave or expanded Social Security. If a Democrat reaches the White House next year, he or she will have to face down this nonsense all over again. But it has no credibility as anything but a political weapon.

People don’t care anymore about the deficit, at least relative to the economy and jobs. Congress by its actions in December showed it didn’t care, either. And that’s OK – there’s not much reason to care about “the deficit” in and of itself, relative to caring how to keep health costs down or ensure that everyone can find a job. We have plenty of problems in America. The precise level of debt load isn’t one of them.

David Dayen

David Dayen is a journalist who writes about economics and finance. He is the author of "Chain of Title: How Three Ordinary Americans Uncovered Wall Street’s Great Foreclosure Fraud," winner of the Studs and Ida Terkel Prize, and coauthor of the book "Fat Cat: The Steve Mnuchin Story." He is an investigative fellow with In These Times and contributes to the Intercept, the New Republic and the Los Angeles Times. His work has also appeared in the Nation, the American Prospect, Vice, the Huffington Post and more. He has been a guest on MSNBC, CNN, Bloomberg, Al Jazeera, CNBC, NPR and Pacifica Radio. He lives in Los Angeles.

MORE FROM DAVID DAYEN • FOLLOW DDAYEN

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question: Who is about to start raving about the spending again?

answer: The Republicans.

question: What are the author's thoughts on Republicans raving about spending?

answer: The author says people should not take these Republicans seriously.

question: What is the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) outlook for fiscal year 2016 compared to 2015?

answer: CBO projects a 2016 deficit of $544 billion, a $105 billion increase. In fiscal year 2015, the deficit fell to $439 billion, about 2.5 percent of GDP, which is fairly low by historical standards.

question: What is the "statistical quirk" the author pointed out that is responsible for the "artificial" 40 percent increase ($43 billion) in the 2016 deficit?

answer: The CBO explains that the federal fiscal year goes not by the calendar, but from October 1 to September 30. October 1, 2016, happens to fall on a Saturday, meaning that federal payments that normally go out on the 1st of the month will instead get delivered the Friday before. That puts those $43 billion in monthly payments in the 2016 fiscal year instead of 2017, “increasing” the 2016 deficit.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The post's author is saying that the Republicans are raving about spending again, but no one should take them seriously because it's all just politics. The agenda of these Republicans involves scaring the public into thinking the country is in so much debt, blaming Democrats and the Obama administration for the mounting deficit. The author points out that 2016's deficit of $43 billion is artificial, caused by a "statistical quirk" that lawmakers need to fix ASAP because the current federal fiscal year doesn't go by the calendar, but from October 1 to September 30. If October 1st happens to fall on a Saturday, federal payments that would normally go out on the 1st of the month will get delivered the Friday before. The author states that the $43 billion was still included in the 2016 fiscal year, instead of 2017 where it was supposed to be, causing an "increase" in 2016's deficit.


text:
HENRY SEYMOUR, LORD BEAUCHAMP (c. 1626 – 14 March 1654) was an English nobleman, third son of William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset.[1]

He had two elder brothers, but they both died unmarried in their twenties, so that in 1646, when he was about twenty, Henry became heir to his father and took his courtesy title of Lord Beauchamp.[2]

On 28 June 1648, he married Mary Capell at Hadham Parva in Hertfordshire;[3] they had one son and one daughter. Like his father, he was a Cavalier, for which he was imprisoned in the Tower of London during the Commonwealth, 9 April to 9 September 1651, being released on £10,000 bond.[4] He died 14 March 1654 and was buried at Bedwyn Magna 30 March, having died at “Tilsy” according to the burial record in the parish register.[5]

His widow married in 1657 Lord Herbert, later created the 1st Duke of Beaufort.

His children:

-   William Seymour, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1654–1671)
-   Lady Elizabeth Seymour (c. 1655 – 1697); she was granted the style and rank of daughter of a duke on 28 June 1672, and married Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, on 31 August 1676. On her brother's death without issue, she became heiress of the estates of Tottenham and Savernake Forest, Wiltshire, and she also became representative as senior coheir (heir of line) of Princess Mary Tudor, through the families of Grey and Brandon.[6][7]

Ancestry

[1] _The Complete Peerage_, vol. 12, 1953, “Somerset”, p. 74.

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] _The Complete Peerage_, vol. 1, 1910, “Ailesbury”, pp. 59-60.

[7] Molly McClain, “Harsh and Unjust Slanders”: The Duchess of Beaufort and her Daughter Quarrel over the Seymour Estate," _Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History Magazine_, 96 (2003): 98-110

title: Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp

question: When was Henry Seymour born?

answer: He was born in 1626.

question: Why was Seymour imprisoned?

answer: Unclear, it seems the reason for his imprisonment was because he was a Cavalier.

question: How many children did Seymour have?

answer: He had two children: William Seymour and Lady Elizabeth Seymour.

question: When did Seymour die?

answer: He died on March 14,  1654.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp was an English nobleman. He had two children.


text:
During life people are called many things, some good, some bad. Within a short eight years I’ve been called; a student, worker, son, good listener, hero, savior, and many more. Since I was ten I’ve been talking people out of suicide online. During my eight years of helping people, I’ve helped many people, created an online organization, and learned many new things. This has forever and will constantly change my life.

Many people ask me, how did this happen? How does a ten year old get mixed up with people’s lives? It was three days after my tenth birthday, the smell of my moms homemade cake was still tangible in the air. I logged onto the computer and found a chat room. I came across a man inside the room. He was talking about ending his life because his wife was cheating on him and getting his kids. My heart was in my ears beating hard, my palms were clammy and wet like a river. I talked with him till late in the night past any ten year olds bed time. This man was set and ready to die, a mere child stopped him. Me.

A few months after helping the man, I met a girl my age who was rather interested in the “work” I did. She wanted to be part of the action. Lillie and I decided to work together helping people we would find in chat rooms. This continued for about a year. Lillie started to struggle with herself, the constant pressure of someone’s life in your hands at that young of an age takes a heavy toll upon the beholder. Lillie messaged me one night, “Dominic I have a problem” I asked her what it was and she stated, she wanted to die. She couldn’t take helping people anymore. I remember crying, panicking, wanting her to see it my way and not do what she was planning. It all ended so fast only three words remained “Lillie Signed Off.”

Three years have passed since Lillie’s death, I created an online organization, filled with teens helping people out of dark thoughts. I created this organization in memory of Lillie. DarkShadows. DarkShadows, was constructed of teens from around the world, looking for people with suicidal thoughts that wanted to help prevent suicide. One hundred and ninety-seven teens joined DarkShadows. Each night we would have meetings and we would talk with one another to see if everyone was ok. I learned that this “job” is to hard for one child to take on alone day in and day out, there needs to be an escape route. DarkShadows showed some amazing results, the teens in DarkShadows were able to talk to five hundred plus people out of suicide. With every construction there is a destruction.

I had a hard time destroying DarkShadows for I was proud of it. I closed down DarkShadows because the stress was enormous, two people were talking people into suicide, three people committed suicide from the pressure, and people started to not care. DarkShadows lasted three years and I was shocked that I could uphold it for so long, but I knew it had to go. I will never forget what I’ve learned from these past experiences.

I’ve learned, many things over the past few years. I’ve learned that even though the world seems to burn like a raging fireball, there are many people out there still that care for others. I’ve learned that it doesn’t take a hero to save someone, you don’t need a utility belt, powers, cape, gadgets, or a “cool” name to save someone. All you need is a heart, and the will power, and the determination. Everyone is a hero in a way, you’re a hero to your kid, give someone some change for the bus, do something that is not expected from you. You are a hero.

My life has changed drastically due to this “job”. I have become a better listener, I became mature, I met new people. I think back from when I was ten, I would have never imagined that helping that one guy would take me this far. I feel that due to this, I have a good understanding of people. I can “read” them easier. At times I have thought is it worth it? Is it worth spending hours upon hours helping someone that I don’t even know? When you help someone the end result of them being alive thanks to you is by far the best feeling you can think of. My life will never be the same due to this and for that I am grateful.

During my short life span I’ve been a lot of things and experienced even more things. Do these names and experiences define me? Or simply give a better understanding of me? By helping one man live through the loss of his wife and kids. I met a great friend that I hold dear in my heart. I became a leader, making tough decisions for a lot of people. I learned, people still care for one another in this world. This has ultimately affected, and effected my life forever and I will never forget it. To be a Hero, you don’t need a cape or a utility belt, just a heart.

title: To Be A Hero You Need A Heart

question: Why did DarkShadows end?

answer: There were people sabotaging their efforts. A few people talked people into committing suicide instead of preventing them while three others committed suicide themselves due to the pressure.

question: What is the main point of the story?

answer: A fancy name, a cape, and superpowers aren't necessary to be a hero. It only requires caring about people, having a heart.

question: What is the narrator's opinion about being a hero?

answer: Nothing fancy or "super" is necessary. If people care about others, they can be a hero to them. A lot of people are heroes to their kids, or they unexpectedly help a stranger, etc.

question: What does the narrator gain from helping suicidal people?

answer: He finds personal fulfillment from being able to help people. It also enables him to live a rich life, learn leadership, and meet wonderful people.

question: What are the motivations of the narrator?

answer: Initially, he just wants to help a man he came across. The act of helping becomes fulfilling to him, so he continues. He founds the DarkShadows after being unable to help Lillie not commit suicide.

question: Write a ~8 sentence summary.

answer: When he's ten years old, the narrator comes across a man in a chat room who wants to commit suicide because his wife cheated on him and will get the kids. Through panic and pressure, he manages to help him. He continues doing similar things and meets his best friend, Lillie. She becomes a part of his "work" but commits suicide out of stress. The narrator, unable to help her, eventually finds an organization called DarkShadows, which consists of teenagers helping people with suicidal urges. After helping many people over three years, a few people sabotage their efforts from within, and the narrator has to destroy DarkShadows. His life is forever changed. He thinks the only thing you need to be a hero is a heart, to care.


text:
My mother-in-law chose the Hebrew name Shir when she converted to Judaism three years ago, just four years after my husband converted before our wedding. She is now formally known in the Jewish world as _Shir bat Avraham v’Sarah_: the song of one of the faithful daughters of Abraham and Sarah.

It’s not for me to tell my mother-in-law’s story–her strict Mormon upbringing, her decision to join the army (where she met my father-in-law), her feminist leanings in a community not quite ready for them, her newfound independence and identity when my husband left for college–her journey is hers to know and discuss. But what I _can_ talk about is how her journey met mine and all of Jewish history through her son, and I don’t know which of us is more surprised at where we are now.

Apparently, my mother-in-law always had a fondness for and interest in Jews, since Mormon liturgy includes the Old Testament and Jews are looked upon with kindness in her community. Homes with _mezuzot_ hanging on their doorposts were not to be approached by Mormon missionaries, she was told. Once my husband and I got engaged, she started to ask me a lot of questions, and I felt a little bit under the gun. Here I was being asked to speak for “Judaism,” when in my own family, there was little cohesiveness, with family ranging from atheist socialist _kibbutzniks_ to right-wing religious Zionists living in settlements across the Green Line in the West Bank. How could I speak for all of Judaism?!

I shared with my mother-in-law my experience, my love of ritual, my love of science and reason, and my devotion to Israel. I honestly thought she was just being curious. It never occurred to me that she would convert. She started to attend Shabbat services weekly at a Reform synagogue in San Jose, California. My husband and I didn’t talk much about it; we were both sort of in denial about what this might mean. She announced proudly that she was very excited to have found her “own” synagogue without asking me to help her. It was hers and hers alone, she said. I hated to break the news to her that my aunt and uncle had been members of that particular synagogue for about 15 years; all of my cousins had their Bar Mitzvahs there and I knew that community well.

[]

Shir with Mayim’s Orthodox Aunt

That detail became irrelevant as my mother-in-law truly made this community her own, immersing herself in classical text study, going to lectures, seminars, and Hebrew classes, and attending Torah study and Saturday morning services more regularly than many Orthodox people I know. She thrives in the Jewish world: I have seen her analyze Leviticus and Ezekiel like a seasoned scholar, question my husband and my adherence to antiquated _halacha_ (Jewish law) like a feminist Rabbinical student, and chant from the Torah at her adult Bat Mitzvah like–well, like a beaming and nervous Bat Mitzvah girl (she was relieved that being tone-deaf doesn’t exclude you from becoming a Jew).

She has gone twice to Israel, once with her synagogue, and once with us. She has crossed green line after green line in her modest Orthodox clothing (adorable hats and ankle-length skirts), giggled while drinking lattes with my Orthodox aunt like a true native in a mall in Jerusalem, and prayed with devotion in the single-sex, curtained rooms where even feminist women must pray when we visit my family. She is a gracious and commanding presence: fearless, devoted, and wise. She questions with love, she studies with all of her heart, soul, and might, and she possesses a _yiddishe neshama_, the soul of a Jew.

The story goes that all Jews, even those who were unborn, or those who would later convert, stood at Mount Sinai when God gave the Torah to the people. My mother-in-law was certainly at Sinai, but wandered on a different road for thousands of years. I like to think that she was searching all of that time, but she was so far removed from us that she didn’t know what to search for–until I met her son, fell in love with him, and married him according to the laws of Moses and Israel. She feels she is right where she is supposed to be, and she is an incredible addition to this tribe.

Our 5-year-old son recently asked what it means when _Safta_, grandma in Hebrew, says she “became a Jew” (he was only 3 when she converted). My husband and I stared at each other dumbfounded: none of us had told him that she was a convert! We told him that some people are born Jews and other people want so badly to be a part of our people that they convert, and now she is Jewish just like we are. He hasn’t yet had the cognitive follow-up of, “If she didn’t start out Jewish, how did Dada become Jewish?” but he will soon, and maybe we’ll let _her_ explain that one.

This got me thinking, though. We should tell him about her conversion. Converts have always been a part of Judaism and the concept of conversion introduces a lot of important aspects of heritage, ethnicity, religious identity and peoplehood; all of which our son will need to know about as he grows as a Jew.

But I will let her do it in her time. This is her journey. It is a huge undertaking, as an adult, to learn a new language both literally and societally. It’s hard to become a Jew: she can’t pronounce a “chet” like we can, she just inherited a bunch of sometimes confusing and/or restrictive holidays about us surviving yet another attempt on our existence, and she is now part of a constitutionally neurotic–if endearing–family that literally has rules about what flavors of bagels are and are not acceptable to consume. (For the record: Jalapeno? Not acceptable. Sorry Ma.). But she chose this life for herself on her terms, and she finds beauty in the tension, challenge, and subtleties of being a Jew. She is proud of this new life and she brings to our people new life; a new song.

_Shiru L’Adonai, Shir Chadash.
Sing unto God, a new song._

question: What is the narrator's mother-in-law's name?

answer: Shir bar Avraham v'Sarah.

question: What made the mother-in-law convert to Judaism?

answer: She was always fond of and interested in Jews since the Mormon liturgy includes the Old Testament and Jews are looked upon with kindness in her community.

question: Did she take any classes?

answer: She started going to lectures, classical text study, seminars, Hebrew classes, and attending Torah study.

question: What did she do in Israel?

answer: The mother-in-law wore modest Orthodox clothing, drank latte like a true native in the mall in Jerusalem, and prayed with devotion in the single-sex, curtained rooms.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
The narrator's mother-in-law converted to Judaism and chose the name Shir bat Avraham v'Sarah, the song of one of the faithful daughters of Abraham and Sarah.

She was always fond of Jews and eventually converted. She attended classical text study, seminars, Hebrew classes, and Torah study. She has also been to Israel twice. She has chosen this life on her own and finds beauty in the tension, challenges, and subtleties of being a Jew.


text:
1.  Home
2.  News
3.  Gaming

[]

Not content with its growing popularity on consoles and PC, Epic Games has announcedthat its battle royale hit Fortniteis also coming to iOS and Android mobile devices.

Whether you’re on a phone or a tablet, Epic has said this will be the “same 100-player game you know from PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC, and Mac.” That means you’ll have the same gameplay, maps, content and updates as every other platform.

Having spoken to Epic Games’ founder Tim Sweeney, we know there’s a lot of positive feeling towards cross-play in the company so it’s perhaps not all that surprising that Fortnite will "support Cross Play and Cross Progression between PlayStation 4, PC, Mac, iOS and eventually Android."

A further announcement confirmed the Xbox One would be included too.

Fortnite goes mobile

So no matter which of these platforms you’re playing on you’ll be able to team up with your friends and play together as well as carry your wins over. Can’t get home in time for the first match? Play on mobile and carry on over to your console when you’re ready.

The first blog post making the announcement stated that this is "in partnership with our friends at Sony", but eventually a partnership was announced with Microsoft too.

We already know that cross-play between PlayStation and Xbox is possible with Fortnite, and we also know that Microsoft has expressed interest in making cross-play between console possible.

However, it's still not possible to connect games between the two big consoles: Xbox One and PS4. Players on both those devices can join in games with friends on PC, iOS and Android, however.

The game will come to iOS devices first and it’s already possible to sign up for a betawhich starts on March 12. Android support will be coming “in the next few months” Epic has said.

-   Fortnite vs PUBG: which is the battle royale for you?

question: What game is coming to mobile?

answer: Epic Games' Fortnite is coming to mobile.

question: When does the public beta begin?

answer: The public beta starts on March 12.

question: Where can you currently play Fortnite?

answer: You can currently play Fortnite on Playstation 4, Xbox One, Pc, and Mac.

question: When will support for Android be introduced?

answer: Support for Android will be coming within the next few months.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Epic Games' Fortnite is coming to mobile devices. You can currently play Fortnite on a variety of consoles and computers, and they are working on cross play between the platforms.


text:
    The E-Sylum:  Volume 7, Number 17, April 25, 2004, Article 17

    NUMISMATICS AND RIOTS

      We've had some more responses to our quiz question about
      numismatics and riots.  John Burns had written: "Off the top of
      my head I seem to recall a medal struck for the Haymarket
      riot in 1893.  Also, I recall  that it was a  relic medal in having
      a piece of shrapnel from a bomb embedded in it."

      In response, Tom DeLorey writes: "These do exist. The last
      time we had one in stock (many years ago), I tested the
      embedment with a magnet. It was magnetic, for what that is
      worth."

      Larry Dziubek writes: "In connection with previous
      discussion:  Here is a relic-medal that ties into history,
      economics, and numismatics.  I just discovered a book titled
      1877- Year of Violence by Robert V. Bruce, 1970 that may
      show the reasons for the riots. This was a period of serious
      economic depression nationwide.

      At a location within walking distance of the upcoming 2004
      American Numismatic Association convention in August is
      the site of the most serious destruction. The Pennsylvania.
      National Guard was finally called in from Philadelphia after
      many trains were looted and burned at the P.R.R. yards.
      Many were killed under martial law, and in earlier turmoil.

      I purchased the relic medal on eBay a couple years ago.
      It is a brass planchet about the size of a half dollar. The
      following lettering is punched thereon:

      FROM BURNT BELL OF / ENG. / 415 / P. R. R. //
      RIOT AT PITTSBURG / 104 / ENGINES / DEST.D / 7.22.77

      I don't know how many were made, and in fact this is the
      only reference to the event that I have seen other than in
      newsprint."

  Wayne Homren, Editor

    The Numismatic Bibliomania Society is a non-profit organization
    promoting numismatic literature. See our web site at coinbooks.org.

    To submit items for publication in The E-Sylum, write to the Editor
    at this address: whomren@coinlibrary.com

    To subscribe go to: https://my.binhost.com/lists/listinfo/esylum

question: Approximately when was the article written?

answer: April 2004

question: What is numismatics?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What convention is coming up?

answer: The 2004 American Numismatic Association convention

question: When did the Haymarket Riot occur?

answer: 1893

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article gives several responses to a quiz about numismatics and riots. They discuss various relic medals commemorating riots.


text:
SHUNKI KAWATABI (Japanese: 川渡 (かわたび) 瞬己 (しゅんき) __Kawatabi Shunki__) is a 3rd year wing spiker from Wakutani Minami High. He is currently a travel agency employee in Miyagi.

-   1 Appearance
-   2 Personality
-   3 Background
-   4 Plot
    -   4.1 Interhigh
    -   4.2 Spring High Preliminary Arc
-   5 Statistics
-   6 Trivia
-   7 Quotes
-   8 References

Appearance

He has a long maroon-colored hair that is usually tied up at the top of his head, resembling a pineapple. His eyebrows are long and points almost vertically. He has a medium build.

Personality

Shunki appears to be very carefree and easily impressed, and, like Hinata, gets flustered easily. He also gets distracted by pretty girls, which Takeru uses often to motivate him.

Background

He was on the same volleyball club as Kenjirō Shirabu in middle school.

Plot

Interhigh

Spring High Preliminary Arc

Statistics

Original Statistics
Power
2/5
Jumping
4/5
Stamina
3/5
Game Sense
3/5
Technique
3/5
Speed
4/5
Besides his speed and jumping skills, he is an average player. He speed is well enough to get him from back of the line to cut in front to spike from the right corner, thus completing their delayed attack.

JUMPING REACH: 322 cm

Trivia

-   His favorite food is the plant giant butterbur.
-   His current concern: He gets nervous visiting his local convenience store because the old man who usually works there has been replaced by a cute girl.
-   His star sign is Gemini.
-   He is called Tabi by his team mates
-   NOMENCLATURE:
    -   Kawatabi (川渡) - _River Crossing_
    -   Shunki (瞬己) - _A Moment; Instant_

Quotes

References

_This article is a stub. You can help Haikyū!! Wiki by expanding it._

question: Who is Shunki Kawatabi?

answer: Shunki Kawatabi is a 3rd year wing spiker from Wakutani Minami High.

question: What color is his hair?

answer: He has long maroon-colored hair.

question: What is his favorite food?

answer: His favorite food is the plant giant butterbur.

question: What is his star sign?

answer: His star sign is Gemini.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article is about Shunki Kawatabi, a 3rd year wing spiker from Wakutani Minami High.


text:
50 shades of wrong.

It was autumn again, the hallways of The Tallinn Polytechnic School filled up
with the most annoying students known to any man. Screams of immature students
with underdeveloped brains filled the classrooms once again. In the large gray mass that made up the students, there was him. He didn’t fit it with the others, he was different, yet not an outcast. Just different. „Hey, Michael.“ I said in an overly excited voice. He replied with a slight nod, he never cared much for me. He slowly walked over to his desk, and slouched into position and continued to fiddle with his sudoku puzzle. It was like summer break never existed to him. He just went on doing the same thing as he did last year. He just sat there, totally unaware of his surroundings. „He’s soooo cute“ I thought to myself. I really missed him all summer. After class I got it together and finally got the courage to act upon my feelings. „You know, Mikey, I think you’re like super hot!“ I explained.
Michael just let out a slow and quiet „Okay“. This was it,  I couldn’t hold it in anymore, I went for it and kissed him right on the lips while touching his abs. „What the hell are you doing?“ yelled Michael and ran off.
Later that day I was arrested for sexually assaulting a 14 year old student.

title: 50 shades of wrong

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: It isn't explicitly stated who the narrator is, but it seems they are an adult.

question: Does the narrator interact with others in the story?

answer: The narrator tells a 14 year old, Michael, that they think he's hot. They kiss him.

question: What does the narrator do that causes them to be arrested?

answer: The narrator kisses a 14 year old. They are arrested for sexual assault.

question: Before the arrest, how is the narrator feeling?

answer: The narrator feels excited and unable to keep their feelings to themself.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator of the story seems to be an adult. They tell a 14 year old, Michael, that they think he's hot; they kiss him. Michael runs away. Later the narrator is arrested for sexually assaulting a 14 year old.


text:
RWB Ballet Ball
80 Years, 80s Style

PRESENTING SPONSOR

[Presenting Sponsor: TD Canada Trust]

Two weeks ago, things looked very different here at the RWB. Our students were preparing for year-end performances, our Aspirants were preparing for their On the Edge tour, and our Company was preparing for their United States tour, with the intent on being back in the nick of time for our most anticipated event of the year, our annual Ballet Ball.

Today, our beloved Ballet Ball, in addition to all programs and performances have been cancelled. And, as difficult as these decisions were, they remain the right ones as the safety of our students, dancers, staff and patrons are of the utmost importance to us.

But we’re not letting this get us down! This year, in the spirit of social distancing and caring for our community, we have decided to take our Ballet Ball auction online and BRING THE CELEBRATION TO YOU!

NOW, MORE THAN EVER, YOUR SUPPORT IS IMPORTANT. By bidding online, making a donation or sharing the RWB auction link on your own social network you can help our artists return to the stage even stronger for our 81st Season, Virtue & Villainy. We are so excited for our upcoming season and are committed to sharing it with you, but we cannot do it without you!

Go online and register now at www.rwbgalaauction.ca and support the future of dance and the RWB!

2020 BALLET BALL COMMITTEE

-   Monique Lavoie (Co-Chair)
-   Jim Galbraith (Co-Chair)
-   Wayne Aastrom
-   Judith Chambers
-   Jennifer Goreski

-   Caroline Gruber
-   Barbara Kaufman
-   Norah Myers
-   Gigi Osler

-   Rebecca Parkinson
-   Kevin Pauley
-   Deb Shorrock
-   Myke Stoel

RWB 2019 Ballet Ball – Hollywood’s Golden Age

THE 2019 BALLET BALL RAISED $218, 540! WE ARE GRATEFUL FOR THE COMMITMENTS OF SPONSORS AND GUESTS TO THE ART OF DANCE AND SUPPORTING CANADA’S ROYAL WINNIPEG BALLET. TOGETHER WITH OUR DONORS AND SPONSORS, WE PROVIDE SUPPORT AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR OUR DANCERS TO BECOME THE RENOWNED ARTISTS OF TOMORROW.

question: What is the Ballet Ball?

answer: Unclear, seems to be some sort of theater show.

question: Who are the co-chairs of the Ballet Ball Committee?

answer: The co-chairs of the Ballet Ball are Monique Lavoie and Jim Galbraith.

question: Why is the Ballet Ball being cancelled?

answer: Unclear.

question: What can one do to support the Ballet Ball?

answer: One can bid online, make a donation, or share the RWB auction link to their own social network.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article announces the online event for the 2020 RWB Ballet Ball.


text:
The origin of the project

On December 2012 we brainstormed a nice christmas present for a friend's company's customers. Jositajosi wanted something useful and beautiful for their customers, imbued with the spirit of the maker culture which they are part of. As the big cartographic fans we are, we pitch them the idea of mixing digital maps into a physical letterpress notebook and they loved it. We started tinkering with different data, DEMs and visualizations.

We created an interactive web map with the contour lines of Iceland, were we and Jositajosi are based, it looked pretty interesting, but we quickly realized that the constrains imposed by the small format of the notebook called for something simpler. We focused then on the infamous Eyjafjallajökull volcano which erupted in Iceland in 02010 causing chaos across Europe.

After many hours generating vector data, manually retouching the isolines and editing the layout (see a detailed account here) we sent the final design to the printing studio. Everybody was happy with the result and we started sending them to jositajosi’s customers, friends and family. The response was amazing. Customers loved so much that we put the remaining copies up for sale. We sold out the limited edition of 1.000 units in just a few weeks.

During this time we received emails, questions and requests for new notebooks, displaying other places and geographical features. Wired published an article featuring our map and the notebooks and eventually selected it as one of the best maps of 2013. We enjoyed the process so much that we've decided to create a series of notebooks, this time focused on one of our favourites places: islands.

question: When was the article written?

answer: Sometime after 2013

question: Who is "we?"

answer: That information can't be found

question: Who is Jositajosi?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What volcano erupted in Iceland in 2010?

answer: Eyjafjallajokull

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author describes a project which involved printing custom maps featuring Iceland on notebooks for Jositajosi's customers.


text:
[Max Pacioretty]

Montreal Canadiens captain Max Pacioretty confirmed Thursday he will not negotiate a contract extension - with the Canadiens or any other team - once the 2018-19 regular season begins.

Pacioretty told reporters at Jonathan Drouin’s golf tournament that it would be too much of a distraction and unfair to his teammates. "I understand there will be distractions, but I want to limit them as much as possible," he explained. "I don't want to talk about contract negotiations every day. It'll be easier to think only about hockey every day."

The 29-year-old confirmed last month there have been no negotiations with the Canadiens on a contract extension, while his agent, Allan Walsh, has repeatedly stated the winger would like to re-sign with the team.

When asked on Thursday if he expects to start the season with the Canadiens, Pacioretty responded, “I don’t know.”

"I'm not sad, but I'm a little surprised," he added. "It's part of hockey. I have to work this summer and let my agent take care of the business part."

  Pacioretty on if he expects to start the season in Montreal: “I don’t know...” and he essentially confirmed the report that suggested he won’t be negotiating during the season #TSN690

  — Joey Alfieri (@joeyalfieri) September 6, 2018

Walsh confirmed last week that the Canadiens had a deal in place in June to send their captain to Los Angeles, but it fell through when his client couldn't reach an extension with the Kings.

"Max Pacioretty has stated repeatedly that he loves Montreal and wants to remain in Montreal," Walsh wrote on Twitter last week. "To this date, he’s never received any offer from Montreal. You can have three sources or 10 sources, how many times does Max have to state that he wants to remain in Montreal long term?

"Obvious these “sources” are coming from the club. Max will always take the high road and repeats again, he is ready to sign an extension with Montreal TODAY. It was Montreal that traded Max to LA at the draft and it was a DONE DEAL subject to Max signing an extension with LA."

Pacioretty had 17 goals and 37 points in 64 games last season, his lowest totals since breaking into the NHL as a full-time player in 2011-12.

He is entering the final season of his current contract with a cap hit of $4.5 million this season.

question: Will Max Pacioretty negotiate a contract extension with the Montreal Canadiens team?

answer: He wants to negotiate a contract extension, but he hasn't been offered a contract extension by the management team.

question: Why doesn't Max Pacioretty want to talk about contract negotiations every day?

answer: He wants to minimize distractions and he feels that it will be unfair to his teammates. He would rather talk about hockey every day.

question: Does Max Pacioretty want to stay in Montreal and play for the Montreal Canadiens?

answer: Yes, he wants to stay in Montreal. They are not sure if he will be given the opportunity to negotiate a contract extension.

question: What was Pacioretty's lowest totals since breaking into the NHL?

answer: Pacioretty had 17 goals and 37 points in the 2017-18 regular season.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Max Pacioretty has not been asked to negotiate a contract extension for the new season. At the time of this article he was the captain of the Montreal Canadiens. He has expressed his desire to stay in Montreal, but he is unsure if he will be given the opportunity.


text:
Teen smoking typically becomes a lifelong habit. Here’s how to encourage a kid to stop.

MOST SMOKERS FIRST PICK UP THE HABIT AS TEENAGERS. According to Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, the most common time for people to first try cigarettes are ages 11 to 13. Nearly 15 percent of kids report that they had tried smoking by the end of eighth grade.

If your teen is smoking, you’ll probably smell cigarettes on them, their clothes and possessions, and not just when they’ve been around friends who smoke.

If your child is vaping – using electronic cigarettes rather than tobacco ones – you probably won’t be able to smell the e-cigs on your teen’s breath unless they’re using flavored vapes. So be aware that a lack of tobacco-smoke smell doesn’t necessarily mean they’re not using nicotine products. (As of Aug. 8, 2016, it became illegal to sell e-cigarettes, cigars and hookah tobacco to people under the age of 18, but just as teenagers have often been able to get their hands on traditional cigarettes, they’ll likely find ways to keep buying e-cigs, or “vapes,” too.)

Teen smoking may not start out as a heavy habit, but kids are likely to increase their smoking habit over time, because the nicotine in the cigarettes is addicting.

You can’t _make_ anyone quit smoking; your teen has to decide on his own to take this step. But there are ways to nudge your child toward this decision. Try these tactics to encourage your teen to quit cigarettes:

Don’t smoke

Kids learn from their parents’ examples, and they’re far less likely to smoke growing up in a smoke-free home. But if you smoke, and now your teen does, too — it’s time to quit your own habit. You’ll have zero credibility telling your kid to quit if you’re still puffing away.

Collect a gang of role models

Teens notoriously tune out words of wisdom from their parents. If urging your child to quit smoking is having no effect – or possibly the opposite effect – maybe she’ll listen to a grandparent or another respected relative (or neighbor, teacher, coach, pastor, etc.) who stopped smoking, and who can talk with credibility about hazards of teen smoking and the benefits of quitting.

Also, have your child’s pediatrician or primary care doctor talk to your teen about smoking and suggest ways to quit.

Tennessee parents, call the TNQuitlinE

Free smoking-cessation service, 1-800-QUIT-NOW, will work with teens, with parental consent, offering counseling to help them quit cigarettes or any other type of tobacco or nicotine use (such as chewing tobacco or e-cigarettes). It’s best if parent and teen make the first call to the Quitline together, because the counselor will need parental consent for teens younger than 18, and will also need the parent’s health insurance information. The counselor will also have questions for the teen about the cigarette habit. Also, although the Quitline provides some free nicotine replacement products to its adult clients, it cannot provide them to people under 18 without medical clearance from the teen’s pediatrician.

After that first call to the Quitline, program the Quitline number into the “favorites” list on your kid’s cellphone.

Studies show that getting advice from resources such as Quitline do help teens quit, said Hilary Tindle, M.D., an associate professor in medicine, physician, and founding director of the Vanderbilt Center for Tobacco, Addictions and Lifestyle.

If your teen resists calling the Quitline, trying to coerce him or her into keeping appointments with a counselor probably won’t go well. But the service does offer a free downloadable “QuitKit” parents can download and print to share with their child.

Arm your teen with tech tools

There’s not enough evidence that nicotine replacement and medications designed to help people quit smoking are suitable for teens. Prescriptions are not typically given for people under the age of 18 — but ask your pediatrician about your child’s circumstances anyway. Without nicotine replacement tools (the patch, nicotine gum and others), your teen will need different support tools. Take advantage of teens’ love of technology. Recommend these tech tools, which are designed to help people quit smoking:

-   The iPhone app, quitSTART, provides messages and information, building teens’ confidence that they can quit.
-   SmokefreeTXT is a free texting service designed to provide motivation and encouragement 24/7.
-   Smokefreeteen is a website with interactive tools to help teens sort out their values and reasons behind their decisions. It specifically promises not to tell teens what to do but rather “to help you understand the decisions you make — especially the decision to quit smoking — and how those decisions fit into your life.”

Subscribe to our newsletter to receive updates, and our free, downloadable booklet of healthy family recipes.

question: Why is it so important to stop teenagers from smoking?

answer: Most smokers start the habit when they are teenagers. Research shows that people commonly first try cigarettes between the ages of 11 and 13. Teen smoking may not start as a heavy habit but the amount that they smoke is likely to increase as they become more addicted.

question: How can you make your teenager stop smoking?

answer: You can't force anyone to quit. They have to decide for themselves, but you can try to persuade the teenager to quit on their own. The article offers loads of advice on tactics that parents can use to nudge their children away from nicotine.

question: How can you tell if your child is smoking?

answer: If your teenager is smoking cigarettes you will probably smell the smoke on their breath, hair, clothing, and possessions. If, however, your teenager is vaping you may not smell anything unless they are using flavored tobacco. It is illegal to sell e-cigarettes, cigars, and hookah tobacco to anyone under 18, but teenagers find their way around the law.

question: Why do teenagers take up smoking?


text:
_ARAICHTHYS LORO_, is a species of fish in the family Loricariidae found in the rio Papagaio and tributaries, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State in central Brazil. This species is the only known member of its genus.[1]

[1]

title: Araichthys loro

question: Which family does Araichthys Loro belong to?

answer: The fish belongs to the family Loricariidae.

question: Where is the fish found?

answer: The fish found in the Rio Papagaio tributaries in central Brazil.

question: Which genus does it belong to?

answer: This information is not mentioned.

question: How does the fish look?

answer: This information is not mentioned.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Araichthys Loro is a species of fish found in the Rio Papagaio tributaries in Central Brazil. The fish belongs to the Loricariidae family.


text:
poke alleges:

  "Being able to create relevant hypotheses is an important skill and one a scientist spends a great deal of his or her time developing. It may not be part of the traditional _description_ of science but that doesn't mean it's not included in the actual social institution of science that produces actual real science here in the real world; it's your description and not science that is faulty."

I know I've been calling my younger self "stupid" but that is a figure of speech; "unskillfully wielding high intelligence" would be more precise.  Eliezer₁₈ was not in the habit of making obvious mistakes—it's just that his "obvious" wasn't my "obvious".

No, I did not go through the traditional apprenticeship.  But when I look back, and see what Eliezer₁₈ did wrong, I see _plenty_ of modern scientists making the same mistakes.  I cannot detect any sign that they were better warned than myself.

Sir Roger Penrose—a world-class physicist—still_ _thinks that consciousness is caused by quantum gravity.  I expect that no one ever warned him against mysterious answers to mysterious questions—only told him his hypotheses needed to be falsifiable and have empirical consequences.  Just like Eliezer₁₈.

"Consciousness is caused by quantum gravity" has testable implications:  It implies that you should be able to look at neurons and discover a coherent quantum superposition (whose collapse?) contributes to information-processing, and that you won't ever be able to reproduce a neuron's input-output behavior using a computable microanatomical simulation...

...but even after you say "Consciousness is caused by quantum gravity", you don't anticipate anything about how your brain thinks "I think therefore I am!" or the mysterious redness of red, that you did not anticipate before, even though you feel like you know a cause of it.  This is a tremendous danger sign, _I now realize,_ but it's not the danger sign that _I_ was warned against, and I doubt that Penrose was ever told of it by his thesis advisor.  For that matter, I doubt that Niels Bohr was ever warned against it when it came time to formulate the Copenhagen Interpretation.

As far as I can tell, the reason Eliezer₁₈ and Sir Roger Penrose and Niels Bohr were not warned, is that no standard warning exists.

I did not _generalize_ the concept of "mysterious answers to mysterious questions", in that many words, until I was writing a Bayesian analysis of what distinguishes technical, nontechnical and semitechnical scientific explanations.  Now, the final _output_ of that analysis, can be phrased nontechnically in terms of four danger signs:

-   First, the explanation acts as a curiosity-stopper rather than an anticipation-controller.
-   Second, the hypothesis has no moving parts—the secret sauce is not a specific complex mechanism, but a blankly solid substance or force.
-   Third, those who proffer the explanation cherish their ignorance; they speak proudly of how the phenomenon defeats ordinary science or is unlike merely mundane phenomena.
-   Fourth, _even after the answer is given, the phenomenon is still a mystery_ and possesses the same quality of wonderful inexplicability that it had at the start.

In principle, all this could have been said in the immediate aftermath of vitalism.  Just like elementary probability theory could have been invented by Archimedes, or the ancient Greeks could have theorized natural selection.  But _in fact_ no one ever warned me against any of these four dangers, in those terms—the closest being the warning that hypotheses should have testable consequences.  And I didn't conceptualize the warning signs _explicitly_ until I was trying to think of the whole affair in terms of probability distributions—some degree of overkill was required.

I simply have no reason to believe that these warnings are passed down in scientific apprenticeships—certainly not to a majority of scientists.  Among other things, it is advice for handling _situations of confusion and despair_, scientific _chaos._  When would the average scientist or average mentor have an opportunity to use that kind of technique?

We just got through discussing the single-world fiasco in physics. Clearly, no one told them about the formal definition of Occam's Razor, in whispered apprenticeship or otherwise.

There is a known effect where great scientists have multiple great students.  This may well be due to the mentors passing on skills that they can't describe.  But I don't think that counts as part of _standard_ science.  And if the great mentors haven't been able to put their guidance into words and publish it generally, that's not a good sign for how well these things are understood.

Reasoning in the absence of definite evidence without going _instantaneously completely wrong_ is _really really hard._  When you're learning in school, you can miss one point, and then be taught fifty other points that happen to be correct.  When you're reasoning out new knowledge in the absence of crushingly overwhelming guidance, you can miss one point and wake up in Outer Mongolia fifty steps later.

I am pretty sure that scientists who switch off their brains and relax with some comfortable nonsense as soon as they leave their own specialties, do not realize that minds are engines and that there is a causal story behind every trustworthy belief.  Nor, I suspect, were they ever told that there is an exact rational probability given a state of evidence, which has no room for whims; even if you can't calculate the answer, and even if you don't hear any authoritative command for what to believe.

I doubt that scientists who are asked to pontificate on the future by the media, who sketch amazingly detailed pictures of Life in 2050, were ever taught about the conjunction fallacy.  Or how the representativeness heuristic can make more detailed stories seem more plausible, even as each extra detail drags down the probability.  The notion of every added detail needing its own support—of not being able to _make up_ big detailed stories that sound just like the detailed stories you were _taught_ in science or history class—is _absolutely vital_ to precise thinking in the absence of definite evidence.  But how would a notion like that get into the _standard_ scientific apprenticeship?  The cognitive bias was uncovered only a few decades ago, and not popularized until very recently.

Then there's affective death spirals around notions like "emergence" or "complexity" which are sufficiently vaguely defined that you can say lots of nice things about them.  There's whole academic subfields built around the kind of mistakes that Eliezer₁₈ used to make!  (Though I never fell for the "emergence" thing.)

I sometimes say that the goal of science is to amass such an enormous mountain of evidence that not even scientists can ignore it: and that this is the distinguishing feature of a scientist, a non-scientist will ignore it anyway.

If there can exist some amount of evidence so crushing that you finally despair, stop making excuses and _just give up_—drop the old theory and never mention it again—then this is all it takes to let the ratchet of Science turn forward over time, and raise up a technological civilization.  Contrast to religion.

Books by Carl Sagan and Martin Gardner and the other veins of Traditional Rationality are meant to accomplish this difference: to transform someone from a non-scientist into a potential scientist, and guard them from experimentally disproven madness.

What further training does a professional scientist get?  Some frequentist stats classes on how to calculate statistical significance.  Training in standard techniques that will let them churn out papers within a solidly established paradigm.

If Science demanded more than this from the average scientist, I don't think it would be possible for Science to get done.  We have problems enough from people who sneak in without the drop-dead-basic qualifications.

Nick Tarleton summarized the resulting problem very well—better than I did, in fact:  If you come up with a bizarre-seeming hypothesis not yet ruled out by the evidence, and try to test it experimentally, Science doesn't call you a bad person.  Science doesn't trust its elders to decide which hypotheses "aren't worth testing". But this is a carefully lax _social_ standard, and if you try to translate it into a standard of _individual_ epistemic rationality, it lets you believe far too much.  Dropping back into the analogy with pragmatic-distrust-based-libertarianism, it's the difference between "Cigarettes shouldn't be illegal" and "Go smoke a Marlboro".

Do you remember ever being _warned against that mistake,_ in so many words?  Then why _wouldn't_ people make exactly that error?  How many people will _spontaneously_ go an extra mile and be even stricter with themselves?  Some, but not many.

Many scientists will believe all manner of ridiculous things outside the laboratory, so long as they can convince themselves it hasn't been definitely disproven, or so long as they manage not to ask.  Is there some standard lecture that grad students get, of which people see this folly, and ask, "Were they absent from class that day?"  No, as far as I can tell.

Maybe if you're super lucky and get a famous mentor, they'll tell you rare personal secrets like "Ask yourself which are the important problems in your field, and then work on one of those, instead of falling into something easy and trivial" or "Be more careful than the journal editors demand; look for new ways to guard your expectations from influencing the experiment, even if it's not standard."

But I _really don't think_ there's a huge secret standard scientific tradition of precision-grade rational reasoning on sparse evidence.  Half of all the scientists out there still believe they believe in God!  _The more difficult skills are not standard!_

question: Who is Eliezer?

answer: This information can't be found.

question: What did Niels Bohr formulate?

answer: He formulated the Copenhagen Interpretation.

question: What are the implications of "Consciousness is caused by quantum gravity"?

answer: It implied that you should be able to look at neurons and discover a coherent quantum superposition (whose collapse?) contributes to information processing.

question: Why wasn't Sir Roger Penrose, Eliezer, and Niels Bohr warned?

answer: Because no standard warning existed.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: An essay on mistakes that modern scientists are making.


text: ...and she tried, to move them around before every bite she took, but it was no use for it kept rearranging the letters in her alphabet soup to spell out strange words and dark and horrible thoughts. Some of the words she did not even fully recognize and she found herself stupidly sounding them out like the teachers had taught them to in reading class in her school far off in the city near the sea. All before suddenly realizing what she was doing and hurriedly swirling with her spoon and taking another bite. Until the bowl of slowly, yet persistently, self-rearranging letters was eaten. Now consumed, she no longer considered them and excused herself to go outside to play in evening sunlight of a lingeringly warm late august afternoon. She could be seen from the window of the kitchen plying in the grass and near the trees and in her imagination as is the way of young children when the magic of the world and the magic of their minds coalesce and anything can still be anything at all. And she ran and played as the setting sun cast long finger shadows through the turning autumn leaves and branches of the tress. Shadows that reached out gently, and yet persistently as the yellow sun receded into orange and red as it crept inevitably towards the horizon. And she played, and laughed and pretended and forgot all about the strangeness of the letters that moved so unusually. she even forgot most of the words, so big and strange to her that they were virtually meaningless. And then the sun, at its final glimmer, stretched the shadows out just long enough. and the slow and yet persistent self-rearranging letters inside her stomach that had not forgotten her, had completed their message. And in a moment, the shadows and the sunlight and the girl were gone.

title: Alphabet Soup

question: Why does the girl arrange the letters in her alphabet soup?

answer: It is not stated. Probably for fun.

question: Where is the girl's school located?

answer: In a city near the sea.

question: What season is it?

answer: It is summer.

question: What message do the self-arranging letters make in the girl's stomach?

answer: It is not stated.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The girl tells us how she arranges letters while eating her alphabet soup. Then she goes out to play, and the self-arranging letters write a message in her stomach.


text:
Connecting Patients to Their Providers

There’s a wide communication gap in healthcare today. Providers say patients don’t follow their prescribed treatment plans. Patients say they need more communication to stay on track. The trick has been finding a way to cost-effectively deliver that outreach to large patient populations with a limited budget.

Intrado’s TeleVox solutions securely connect individuals with their providers and health plans, offering easy ways to schedule and confirm appointments, provide survey feedback and more.

For practices looking to attract more patients and grow their business, Intrado also offers marketing tools to engage the growing number of patients searching for new providers online.

Intrado’s healthcare solutions give you an easily-integrated single source for meeting patients’ individual contact preferences. Combine automated phone calls, text messages, emails and mailed outreach for communication strategies that compel patients to respond and stay on track in their ongoing care.

question: Explain "providers."

answer: Providers refer in this text to healthcare providers.

question: What is the purpose of this text?

answer: It advertises a service from Intrado called TeleVox.

question: Are there any dates included in this article?

answer: None.

question: What is the title of this text, if any?

answer: Connecting Patients to Their Providers.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This text highlights the gap between healthcare providers and patients, then offers a solution from Intrado called Televox, which connects the parties in engaging and effective ways.