text:
THIS IS THE FIRST RELEASE OF JSON API 2.X 🎉

Unlike many module major version bumps, 2.X DOES _NOT_ MEAN THAT WE REWROTE THE MODULE! In fact, we've _increased_ the stability of this module 💯🤘💥

So, why has the major version been bumped? While making the module _more_ specification compliant, and while adding _more_ tests, and while covering _more_ edge cases, we ran into a few things that we couldn't make better without breaking some things...

WHAT DID WE BREAK? WELL, WE'VE TRIED _VERY_ HARD TO DOCUMENT EACH AND EVERY CHANGE. 90% of JSON API clients won't need to change anything, BC was only broken in edge cases. We think you'll be okay with them 🙏 and we're pretty confident that the most disruptive changes have a relatively simple upgrade path. BUT, we could be wrong 😱 and that's what this beta is for! The\ most\ disruptive\ change\ is\ probably\ that\ Drupal's\ UNIX\ timestamps\ are\ now\ exposed\ as\ ISO\ timestamps\ via\ JSON\ API.

We know what you're thinking, "alright, you've convinced me!" So, when and IF YOU DO FIND BREAKING CHANGES THAT AREN'T DOCUMENTED IN THE CHANGE RECORDS, PLEASE LET US KNOW BY FILING AN ISSUE. IF YOU'RE HAVING TROUBLE FIGURING OUT HOW TO UPGRADE, PLEASE FILE A "SUPPORT REQUEST" SO THAT WE CAN IMPROVE THE CHANGE RECORD WITH MORE THOROUGH INSTRUCTIONS. We're happy to help you, if you'll help _us_ find those cases 😘

We've also documented the two new features that are already in this beta:

1.  Entities that you are not allowed to view, but you _are_ allowed to view the label of are no longer omitted; instead you can only see their label!
2.  the new meta.links.me entry provided by /jsonapi which links to the current user

And for those of you thinking, "oh man, I just can't upgrade right now", we've tried to think of you too 🤗. JSON API 1.22 marked the beginning of a "critical support" phase for the 1.x branch. We'll do our best to backport any security fixes and/or critical bugs affecting all users to the 1.x branch for a while yet.

WE HOPE YOU LOVE JSON API AS MUCH AS WE DO. PLEASE CONSIDER FILING AN "EXPERIENCE REPORT" IN THE ISSUE QUEUE TO TELL US HOW YOU'RE USING IT OR WHAT YOU'VE BUILT WITH IT, ESPECIALLY YOUR SUCCESSES! BELIEVE IT OR NOT, WE SEEM TO ONLY SEE YOUR PROBLEMS! ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

❤❤❤

- The JSON API Maintainers 👚

  API-first Drupal with multiple consumers @DrupalConNA :D pic.twitter.com/GhgY8O5SSa

  — Gábor Hojtsy (@gaborhojtsy) April 11, 2018

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary: 8.x-2.0-beta1

CONTRIBUTORS: (21) Wim Leers, e0ipso, gabesullice, hampercm, clemens.tolboom, dawehner, gargsuchi, justafish, sonnykt, alexpott, jlscott, DavidSpiessens, BR0kEN, danielnv18, drpal, martin107, effulgentsia, webchick, balsama, nileshlohar, garphy

ISSUES: 49 issues resolved.

Changes since 8.x-1.22:

Bug

-   #2853066 by gabesullice, Wim Leers, e0ipso, hampercm, clemens.tolboom, dawehner: Spec Compliance: Inaccessible collection/related resources surface errors: should be 200 with hypermedia + metadata
-   #2977659 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Spec Compliance: POST|PATCH|DELETE on relationships should respect arity rules
-   #2977600 by Wim Leers, gabesullice, e0ipso: Spec Compliance: `_format` is a disallowed query parameter name
-   #2949807 by Wim Leers, gabesullice: Spec Compliance: Error responses are missing the `jsonapi` top-level member
-   #2985426 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Spec compliance: `related` routes should return 200, not 403, if field access is allowed but the related resources are forbidden
-   #2990552 by gabesullice: Followup to #2986383: Custom content blocks are now reusable in 8.6 also
-   #2990532 by gabesullice: Drupal core compatibility: Terms are now publishable in 8.6+
-   #2986899 by gabesullice: Drupal core compatibility: SchemaIncompleteException for some config entity types
-   #2986900 by e0ipso: Unnecessary asserts break installation in distros that include JSON API
-   #2977669 by Wim Leers, gargsuchi, gabesullice, e0ipso, justafish, sonnykt: Spec Compliance: some entity types have an "id", "type" or "uuid" field, this violates the spec
-   #2942549 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Spec Compliance: JSON API allows POSTing relationship fields in 'attributes' rather than in 'relationships'
-   #2986383 by gabesullice: Drupal core compatibility: Block content entities have a `reusable` field in 8.7+
-   #2984964 by Wim Leers, jlscott, DavidSpiessens, gabesullice: JSON API + hook_node_grants() implementations: accessing /jsonapi/node/article as non-admin user results in a cacheability metadata leak
-   #2984494 by sonnykt, Wim Leers, gabesullice: EntityResource calls `$entity->get('field_name')` without first ensuring the entity is a fieldable entity
-   #2955615 by Wim Leers, gabesullice, e0ipso: Field properties are not being denormalized
-   #2934149 by Wim Leers, gabesullice: [>=8.5] JSON API routes not specifying _content_type_format route requirement, resulting in bad DX
-   #2982478 by Wim Leers, gabesullice: JsonApiRequestValidator creates ResourceResponse object with array instead of JsonApiDocumentTopLevelNormalizerValue
-   #2933062 by Wim Leers, gabesullice: [>=8.5.4] Spec Compliance: Return 400 for unrecognized/unsupported query parameters

Feature

-   #2986484 by e0ipso, Wim Leers: Add verbose logging to failed assertions for base path
-   #2927037 by Wim Leers, danielnv18, gabesullice, e0ipso: Provide a mechanism to get information about the current user: "me" meta link in /jsonapi, and make /jsonapi accessible to all
-   #2843922 by drpal, Wim Leers, hampercm, e0ipso, gabesullice: Show label of inaccessible entities ('view' access denied) when 'view label' access is allowed

Task

-   #2936754 by Wim Leers, e0ipso, gabesullice: Avoid using the Serialization component for JSON API specific tasks
-   #2994479 by gabesullice: Followup to #2934362: remove 'code' in most cases
-   #2987205 by Wim Leers, e0ipso: FormatSetter doesn't set the format to `api_json` when accessing just `/jsonapi`
-   #2991389 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Test coverage: relationship response cacheabiliity
-   #2987604 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Turn EntityResource into a service
-   #2987603 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Make resource type an explicit parameter to each EntityResource method
-   #2987206 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: Refactor `getEntityAndAccess` to return cacheable objects with access cacheability rather than an entity/access pair
-   #2986987 by gabesullice, Wim Leers, e0ipso: Convert EntityAccessDeniedHttpException into cacheable exception
-   #2982479 by alexpott, gabesullice, justafish, Wim Leers: Handle entities with no bundle in ResourceTypeRepository
-   #2985321 by Wim Leers: Follow-up for #2929932: two @todos left for that issue that actually already have been addressed
-   #2953346 by gabesullice, Wim Leers, BR0kEN: Define related/relationship routes per field, not dynamically (with route parameters that need validating)
-   #2984607 by Wim Leers, gabesullice: Remove Drupal core =8.5
-   #2973784 by Wim Leers, gabesullice, e0ipso: JSON API should check entity access during routing, not in controller, for the "individual" route
-   #2983631 by martin107: Update @throws documentation in the EntityResource class
-   #2983196 by Wim Leers: Fix all deprecation errors in Drupal 8.6
-   #2983051 by Wim Leers: Allow ResourceResponseValidatorTest to run non-schemata tests when schemata is not installed
-   #2982964 by Wim Leers: Add a drupalci.yml to JSON API to match Drupal core's and fix all surfaced deprecation errors
-   #2929932 by Wim Leers, e0ipso, gabesullice: Work around core's ill-designed @FieldType-level TimestampItemNormalizer normalization until #2926508 lands
-   #2957474 by Wim Leers, gabesullice, e0ipso, effulgentsia, dawehner, webchick, balsama, drpal: Move the write functionality of config entities to a sub-module in preparation for removal
-   #2971040 by Wim Leers, nileshlohar, gabesullice: PHP 7.1 Compatibility Warning
-   #2982210 by Wim Leers: Move EntityToJsonApi service to JSON API Extras
-   #2957271 by gabesullice, Wim Leers: [>=8.5] Fix RouteEnhancerInterface deprecation errors
-   #2933895 by Wim Leers, gabesullice, e0ipso: [>=8.5] Update type hint to interface instead of concrete class in FieldResolver
-   #2926463 by Wim Leers, garphy, e0ipso: [>=8.5] Remove JSON API's "file URL" field work-around now that Drupal core 8.5 fixed it

question: What is the most important description about JSON API 2.X?

answer: The most important description about JSON API 2.X is that it is is not a rewritten module but instead the stability of the module has increased.

question: Which target population has the module update considered?

answer: The module updated has considered those who say "I just can't upgrade right now."


split: train

text:
THOMAS TELFORD IRVIN[1] (July 14, 1929 – September 14, 2017) served as Georgia's Commissioner of Agriculture from 1969 until January 2011. Irvin holds a record as the longest-serving Commissioner of Agriculture in the United States, and the longest-serving statewide official in Georgia.[2] He was also one of the last Democrats to win statewide in Georgia until 2020, when Joe Biden won the presidential election.

Political career

Irvin was born on July 14, 1929.[3] A Hall County, Georgia native, Irvin was elected to his first public office as a member of the Habersham County Board of Education in 1956.[4] A Democrat, Irvin was elected to four terms in the Georgia General Assembly as a Representative from Habersham County, where he served on the House Agriculture, Education, and Appropriations Committees and chaired the House Industrial Relations Committee and the Governor's Conference on Education.[5] During this period he sponsored legislation to allow public funding of school lunch programs.[6][7] He was the Governor's Floor Leader and later served as Executive Secretary to the Governor.[8]

He was a delegate to the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Democratic National Conventions.[9]

In 2000, Irvin made his first trip to Cuba, representing Georgia agriculture in support of free trade with the country.[10]

He was elected to his 10th and final four-year term in November 2006.[11] Rather than run for another term he retired, citing his age and Parkinson's disease as reasons for the decision.[12]

In 1998, a portion of Georgia Highway 365 was named Tommy Irvin Parkway in his honor.[13]

Controversy

Irvin's final term was not without controversy. Both Irvin and the Department of Agriculture were sued for permitting the inhumane killing of dogs and cats. In 1990, Georgia's “Humane Euthanasia Act” became one of the first laws in the nation to mandate intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital as the prescribed method for euthanizing cats and dogs in Georgia animal shelters. Prior to that time, gas chambers and other means were commonly employed. Irvin's department was tasked with licensing the shelters and enforcing the new law, through the Department's Animal Protection Division. However, Commissioner Irvin insisted the issue was a local one, and did not abide by the terms of the law.[14][15] In March 2007, the Georgia Department of Agriculture and Commissioner Irvin were sued by former State Representative Chesley V. Morton, who had sponsored the law.[16] The Fulton County Superior Court ruled in favor of the Plaintiffs, validating the terms of the Humane Euthanasia Act, and issued a permanent injunction prohibiting the Department from issuing licenses to shelters using gas chambers, with exceptions being made for those established before the act and those in counties with less than 25,000 residents.[17][18] After the Court decision, and issuance of the permanent injunction, Irvin continued to voice resistance to the ruling. In an interview with a south Georgia newspaper, Irvin suggested possible ways to circumvent the law, including the use of private contractors to operate gas chambers.[19] When the Department continued to license a gas chamber in Cobb County, Georgia, in violation of the court order, a second action was brought, which resulted in the Department being held in contempt.[20] The cases received widespread coverage in the media, casting Irvin in an unfavorable light.

Personal life

Irvin grew up the child of poor sharecroppers. When his father died, Irvin quit school to take care of his mother and sisters, running the business for several years until he got into local politics.[21]

Irvin was inducted into the 4-H Hall of Fame in 2007, and he and his wife funded scholarships for youth.[22]

He was a trustee at several schools, including Piedmont College and Truett-McConnell College.[23] Irvin also served as school board chairman and president of the Georgia School Boards Association.[24] He died at his home in Mount Airy, Georgia on September 14, 2017 at the age of 88.[25][26]

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[25] http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2017/09/15/the-political-import-of-tommy-irvin/

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title: Tommy Irvin

question: What does the text say about Irvin's raising of his grandchildren?

question: What does the text say about Irvin's political triumphs?

answer: He's the longest-serving Commissioner of Agriculture in the US and the longest-serving statewide official in Georgia. During his four terms in the Georgia General Assembly as a Representative, he sponsored legislation for public funding of school lunches. Part of Georgia Highway 365 was renamed in his honor as Tommy Irvin Parkway. He was also a trustee at several schools and served as board chairman and president of the Georgia School Boards Association.


text:
SONOELECTROCHEMISTRY is the application of ultrasound in electrochemistry. Like sonochemistry, sonoelectrochemistry was discovered in the early 20th century. The effects of power ultrasound on electrochemical systems and important electrochemical parameters were originally demonstrated by Moriguchi[1] and then by Schmid and Ehert [2][3] when the researchers investigated the influence of ultrasound on concentration polarisation, metal passivation and the production of electrolytic gases in aqueous solutions. In the late 1950s, Kolb and Nyborg[4] showed that the electrochemical solution (or electroanalyte) hydrodynamics in an electrochemical cell was greatly increased in the presence of ultrasound and described this phenomenon as _acoustic streaming_. In 1959, Penn _et al._[5] demonstrated that sonication had a great effect on the electrode surface activity and electroanalyte species concentration profile throughout the solution. In the early 1960s, the electrochemist Allen J. Bard[6] showed in controlled potential coulometry experiments that ultrasound significantly enhances mass transport of electrochemical species from the bulk solution to the electroactive surface. In the range of ultrasonic frequencies [20 kHz – 2 MHz], ultrasound has been applied to many electrochemical systems, processes and areas of electrochemistry (to name but a few: electroplating, electrodeposition, electropolymerisation, electrocoagulation, organic electrosynthesis, materials electrochemistry, environmental electrochemistry, electroanalytical chemistry, hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology) both in academia and industry,[7] as this technology offers several benefits over traditional technologies.[8][9]The advantages are as follows: significant thinning of the diffusion layer thickness (δ) at the electrode surface; increase in electrodeposit/electroplating thickness; increase in electrochemical rates, yields and efficiencies; increase in electrodeposit porosity and hardness; increase in gas removal from electrochemical solutions; increase in electrode cleanliness and hence electrode surface activation; lowerering in electrode overpotentials (due to metal depassivation and gas bubble removal generated at the electrode surface induced by cavitation and acoustic streaming); and suppression in electrode fouling (depending on the ultrasonic frequency and power).

To date, over 3,500 publications[10] inc. patents, technical, research and review articles have been written on the subject with the vast majority being published post-1990 after a review paper from Mason _et al._[11] entitled 'Sonoelectrochemistry' highlighting the extraordinary effects of sonication on enhancing mass transport, aiding solution degassing, improving electrode surface cleaning, producing radical species (via sonolysis) and increasing electrochemical products and yields.[12]

[1] Moriguchi, N. (1934).“The influence of supersonic waves on chemical phenomena. III–the influence on the concentration polarization”._Nippon Kagaku Kaishi_ 55: 749-750.

[2] Schmid, G., Ehret, L. (1937).“Beeinflussung der Metallpassivität durch Ultraschall”._Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie_ 43(6): 408-415.

[3] Schmid G., Ehret L. (1937).“Beeinflussung der Elektrolytischen Abscheidungspotentiale von Gasen durch Ultraschall”. _Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie_ 43(8): 597–608.

[4] Kolb, J.,Nyborg, W.L. (1956).“Small‐Scale Acoustic Streaming in Liquids”. _The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America_ 28(6): 1237-1242.

[5] Penn, R., Yeager, E., Hovorka, F. (1959).“Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on Concentration Gradients”._The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America_ 31(10): 1372-1376.

[6] Bard, A.J. (1963).“High Speed Controlled Potential Coulometry”._Analytical Chemistry_ 35(9): 1125-1128.

[7] Hielscher - Ultrasound Technology (2017).“Hielscher”.

[8] Pollet, B.G. (2012). _Power Ultrasound in Electrochemistry: From Versatile Laboratory Tool to Engineering Solution_. Wiley, .

[9] Ozoemena, K.I., Chen, S. (2016). _Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Catalysis_. Chapter 10 - 'Sonoelectrochemical Production of Fuel Cell Nanomaterials', Springer, .

[10] Google Scholar - keyword: [https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=sonoelectrochemistry&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1 Sonoelectrochemistry].

[11] Mason, T.J., Lorimer, J.P., Walton, D.J. (1990).“Sonoelectrochemistry”. _Ultrasonics_ 28(5): 333-337.

[12] Pollet, B.G. and Ashokkumar, M. (2019). _Introduction to Ultrasound, Sonochemistry and Sonoelectrochemistry_. Springer, .

title: Sonoelectrochemistry

question: How was sonoelectrochemistry discovered?

answer: It was first demonstrated by Moriguchi when the researchers investigated

question: What are the main benefits of ultrasound on electrochemistry?

answer: Significant thinning of the diffusion layer thickness at the electrode surface, increase in electrodeposit/electroplating thickness, increases in electrochemical rates, yields, and efficiencies among others.

question: What areas benefited from sonoelectrochemistry?

answer: Electroplating, electrodeposition, electropolymerization, electrocoagulation, organic electrosynthesis, materials electrochemistry, environmental electrochemistry, electroanalytical chemistry, hydrogen energy, and fuel cell technology.

question: What was the initial name of the sonoelectrochemistry phenomena?

answer: It was discovered in a limited capacity known as acoustic streaming.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Sonoelectrochemistry is the application of ultrasound in electrochemistry. It was discovered in the early 20th century but gained wide acceptance post-1990. The technique has been applied to many areas and offers several benefits, including significant thinning of the diffusion layer thickness at the electrode surface, increase in electrodeposit/electroplating thickness, increases in electrochemical rates, yields, and efficiencies among others.


text:
Written in collaboration with redditor jsutton96

As Johnathan walked into the room he took a deep breath. The stench of bourbon burned his nostrils, Brad was drunk again. Sitting in his old chair with drink in hand, eyes lined with crust from days of not bathing, and glass tipped lazily in his hand. After a few long seconds of just staring Brad threw the glass it shattered across mantle of the fireplace like a rain drop on a windshield. Johnathan stood silent frozen with shock at Brad's sudden outburst. Brad yelled for the kids to come clean up the mess. He yelled for a good while. His eyes filled with despair as he then realized why the kids had not come down yet. Years of abusive behavior had caused the kids to be taken away from the house by child protective services. They were now in the same foster home Brad himself had grown up in. He knew that their lives would not be much better there as it was at home. The place was run down with a leaky roof and chipping paint. Brad looked at Johnathan who was still standing in the same spot, and told him to make him a sammich. Johnathan did not move. Brad got up and said it again this time louder. Johnathan still did not move. Brad then got in Johnathan's face and yelled even louder causing to back up a few inches. Johnathan then looked in Brad's eyes and said "Brad we're out of bread". Brad then proceeded to sit back down in the chair. Johnathan left the room to go pack his bags, he was going to stay with his sister for awhile who was now the worlds youngest lawyer starting her own office at the age of 5. Brad sat there unmoving only to get up to use the bathroom which was an old urn. He shot himself a week later. (Moral of the story never run out of bread)

title: r/funny didn't approve, maybe you guys will

question: Why did Brad shoot himself?

answer: He was probably depressed that everyone in his life left him, including Jonathan and the kids.

question: What is the relationship between Brad and Johnathan?

answer: It is not explicitly stated, but they seem to be in a romantic relationship.

question: How would the story have played out differently if they weren't out of bread?

answer: It's possible that Johnathan might have made Brad a sandwich.

question: What is the intended tone of the story?

answer: Humorous


text:
thumb|right|Self-portrait photograph IAN MURRAY WANLESS (born 7 December 1969 in Canberra, Australia) is a professor in the School of Mathematics at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. His research area is combinatorics, principally Latin squares, graph theory and matrix permanents.

Wanless received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the Australian National University in 1998. His thesis “Permanents, matchings and Latin rectangles” was supervised by Brendan McKay. He held a postdoctoral research position at Melbourne University (1998–1999), before becoming a junior research fellow at Christ Church, Oxford (1999–2003). He then had a research position at Australian National University (2003–2004) before spending 2005 as a senior lecturer at Charles Darwin University. Since 2006 he has been at Monash University, where he was promoted to professor in 2014.[1]

He has been awarded distinguished fellowships from the Australian Research Council including a QEII fellowship (2006–2010) and a Future Fellowship (2011–2014).[2] The Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications awarded him its Kirkman Medal in 2002 and its Hall Medal in 2008.[3] The Australian Institute of Policy and Science awarded him a Victorian Young Tall Poppy Award in 2008.[4] The Australian Mathematical Society awarded him its medal in 2009.[5]

Wanless is a life member of the Combinatorial Mathematics Society of Australasia (CMSA). He has served two terms as the CMSA's President (2007–09 and 2014).[6] He is an editor in chief of the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics[7] and is on the editorial board of several other journals including the Journal of Combinatorial Designs.

Wanless represented Australia at the International Mathematical Olympiad in Cuba in 1987.[8]

Wanless is the coauthor (with Colbourn and Dinitz) of the chapter on Latin squares in the CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs[9] and the author of the chapter on matrix permanents in the CRC Handbook of Linear Algebra.[10]

Wanless has presented two historico-mathematical-comedic stories at Laborastory, one on his hero (Leonhard Euler) and one on his antihero (Eliyahu Rips).[11]

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title: Ian Wanless

question: Who is Ian Murray Wanless?

answer: a professor in the School of Mathematics at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia

question: What is the title of Ian Murray Wanless's thesis?

answer: "Permanents, matchings and Latin rectangles"

question: What is the CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs?

answer: the article does not answer this question

question: What is Laborastory?

answer: the article does not answer this question

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Ian Murray Wanless is a professor in the School of Mathematics at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia.


text:
[]

Not too long ago we got word that Warner Bros. was looking into rebooting THE MATRIX series, and a few days ago writer Zak Penn said it was not a reboot, but an exploration of other storylines in the massive universe.  It may seem like a lot of this is coming fast, because it is, and now there’s another hint about where the movie could be heading, and it’s down a path you could probably expect.

According to BirthMoviesDeath, several independent sources are saying that WB is looking to make the new MATRIX movie about the character of Morpheus, and would star Michael B. Jordan. Jordan’s name was included in the original report, so a movie focusing on the character (originally played by Laurence Fishburne) would make sense. Their report also states that a writer’s room has been established to play around with different stories, citing that a Morpheus movie is just an idea, but one that WB is very interested in.

Of course this should all be taken with a grain of salt, as the news around a potential “reboot” is very early to begin with, so where exactly they’re going with it is still in the most infantile of stages. This also comes off news of Keanu Reeves saying he would be down to come back, but only if the Wachowskis were involved, which the original report claims they currently aren’t.

I don’t know what to make of this report. On one hand it would make sense to Jordan to play a younger Morpheus, but on the other I don’t care and just want them to leave the MATRIX series alone. At the most this is just an idea to let twirl around in your head, and the idea is probably far from reality. Still, it could be cool to see Jordan learning kung-fu. But who would teach Keanu Reeves's teacher? Twist!

question: Why would WB want to cast Michael B. Jordan in the role of Morpheus?

answer: Because Michael B. Jordan is an extremely popular actor & a big box office draw, he would probably get a lot of people excited about this Matrix reboot, which most likely had a big budget and will need to sell a lot of tickets to make its' money back. Also, he hasn't been in this kind of role before (karate/kung-fu), and his fans would probably be excited to see him in new territory!

question: Summarize the main idea of paragraph 3.

answer: All information about a potential reboot is subject to change or be untrue, as all talks about the movie are still in their beginning stages.


text:
Just a quick thing I wrote up for a contest. Wrote in H.P. Lovecraft style.

Am I still myself? No. Surely not. I’ve become someone else; something else. These disembodied hands scratch words and names onto unfamiliar parchments as mannequin strings twitch and twang from countless shadows. My mouth feels nothing more than a brass phonograph hissing out secondhand idiom from my predecessors, no doubt contrived by the same apparitions that distantly influence my feet; my fingers; my entirety toward places they formerly dared not go.

Who am I? I once stood for so much more. I marched upon my own two feet. No strings. No shadows. I made choices, formulated my own philosophies, and even shouted them triumphantly! I made wondrous inspirational speeches and helped transform my hometown of Arkham into something better. I could always catch a gleam of brazen conviction in myself as I observed my reflection in the broadcasts; a mirror of my soul.

“I’m the President.” I could say. “The President of the free world.”

That was before, standing on the precipice of the calm twilight of unfamiliarity and insignificance. Before my soul’s mirror was shattered and strung together into some abhorrent instrument used for insidious and unfathomable schemes, each sharp fragment echoing the deep blackness of others whom I now recognize as my masters.

If only I had recognized the perils into which I was advancing. If only I had observed the warnings from those in high up torch-lit places! They forewarned my approach into ageless rituals and hinted of reality within the dreaded Necronomicon, penned by the infamous “Mad Arab” Abdul Alhazred. Whispers of repugnant star-headed Elder Things, Shoggoths, and dystopian horrors beyond time offered no reason and ostensibly had no bearing on my political endeavors, and thusly went unheeded.

Once my authority was substantial enough, secretive individuals began to send eccentric letters to my home by digital communication, delivered deep into the evening with an electric buzz. They spoke of damnable statues, fatal chromatics, and referenced some incoherent language that declared “Cthulu Flaghn!”. What was I to think?! Gods and clandestine rituals own no residence in our realm of sciences, much less to a man of public service such was myself! Had I only known the truth! I would not be entombed as I am today, a prisoner in my own immobilized body!

It was not until that final ghastly dusk long ago that I grasped the consequence and severity of my condition. But alas! It was far too late! Memories are vague and muddled to me presently, but I obtusely recall chemical-sodden handkerchiefs, blackened descents into sunken metropolises, and grime-coated man creatures dancing demonically around cerulean flames. Oh, the horror! The foul parasites infesting my body, burrowing deeper and deeper into my soul!

Even now as I have my short respite of sanity and control, I feel the eons old miasma encroaching. Peripheral terrors noiselessly evaporate into nothingness as my eyes dart and strain anxiously to reveal their true form. The dull scraping tread of twisted claws cutting into slime covered soil tugs and contort my very essence. Surely, I am no longer a man. I am merely a cosmic vessel for all that control this world.

I have no control. The abhorrent choruses still sing inharmoniously into my head, knocking and shrieking! Cthulhu fhtagn! I’m losing my senses to the incantations of the primordial stars. It won’t be long now.

But I must try--… no… I must regain myself! I am a man! I am the President of the free world!

Ph’nglui... escape this house at R’lyeh!

I cannot.. wgah’nagl fhtagn!

Ph’nglui mglw’nafh Cthulhu R’lyeh wgah’nagl fhtagn!

title: The Strings and the Vessel

question: What is the narrator questioning the most in the story?

answer: The narrator is questioning who they are the most in the story.

question: What genre would this short story be classified under?

answer: This short story would be classified under fiction.

question: Who did the narrator consider themselves to be?

answer: The narrator tells himself that he is the President of the Free World.

question: What was the narrator warned against?

answer: The narrator was warned against ageless rituals and hints of reality within the dreaded Necronomicon.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This story describes a man who is about to go against some mythical creatures and in search of who they are.


text:
Back to Blog []
Today, we’re extremely excited to announce DROPMIX, a brand new game that we’re making in partnership with our friends at Hasbro. DROPMIX is a fast-paced music mixing game where players create one of a kind mixes by playing cards featuring hit songs from award-winning artists. It’s completely unlike anything else you’ve ever played and we hope it will give you that same deep connection to your music and your friends that our previous fan favorites like _Rock Band_ or _Dance Central_ have offered.

[DropMix Board]
So, how do you play DropMix? Each card in DropMix represents a different part of a song – like vocals, bass, drums, etc. As you place cards on the electronic DropMix board, which connects to a free app on your iOS or Android device, you and your friends will hear a custom mix start to take shape in real-time. We’re starting off by introducing CLASH MODE, where you can either face off against one friend to play 1v1, or team up to take down two buddies 2v2. There’s a lot of depth and strategy to Clash Mode, but the core idea is that you earn points by playing cards and it’s a race to 21. There’s also an option to save your mix to your device, so when you’re playing and you’ve got those cards sounding just right, you can save it for you and your friends to enjoy.

[DropMix - Clash Mode]
DropMix will be coming out in SEPTEMBER 2017, and we’ve got over 300 DropMix cards in store for the 2017 collection, across a variety of genres, so there’s sure to be something for everyone. On top of that, sometimes mixes sound even better when you combine cards that span very different genres! Take a look at some of the songs that’ll be coming to DropMix later this year:

[DropMix Artists]
There’s still a lot of info to come, and we can’t wait to share it with you. Expect to see gameplay demos on Twitch, hands-on demos at various events throughout the year, and plenty more info about the game, including new game modes and more songs that you’ll be able to mix with! To stay up to date on everything DropMix, be sure to follow us on the… er, following channels (hint: it’s @dropmixgame everywhere).

LIKE DROPMIX ON FACEBOOK
FOLLOW DROPMIX ON TWITTER
FOLLOW DROPMIX ON INSTAGRAM
FOLLOW DROPMIX ON SNAPCHAT
Tell your friends, and stay tuned for more DropMix info ahead of the September launch. It’ll be worth the wait.

question: How many players are involved in the DropMix game?

answer: One or more than one if using the Clash Mode.

question: How many genres of music are involved in the game?

answer: It is not stated.

question: Can a player choose cards from the same genre?

answer: That information is not known.

question: Is it possible for two different players to have a mix that sounds the same because of their choice of cards and genres?

answer: That information is not found in the article.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The article introduces a new board game, at the time of this post, called DropMix, where players create one-of-a-kind mixes by playing cards featuring hit songs from award-winning artists. Each card in the game represents a part of a song and genre, and when placed on the game board, it will create a unique mix that the player can save for future use and enjoyment. They launched the game by introducing a CLASH MODE segment, which involves a face-off with one or two or more friends. The game was scheduled to be released in September 2017 with over three hundred DropMix cards with varying genres that would appeal to everyone.


text:
According to various insiders around MLB, the managing position for the Dodgers seems to be led by Director of Player Development for the Dodgers, Gabe Kapler, and current bench coach for the San Diego Padres, Dave Roberts. Both seem like odd choices in the current market for managers with names like Bud Black floating around other clubs as experienced options instead of a former player with one year of minor league managing experience and a bench coach for a rival team (I'm sure Tim Wallach appreciates that bit).  However there has been a rise of inexperienced managers lately, mostly former catchers, and 2015 saw a GM even take the reigns of manager for a bit and another GM signing as a first base coach for next year so anything seems possible now.

With that being said, let's look at one of the candidates for the job, Gabe Kapler.  You might not know that much about Kapler other than his position in the organization and his physique that would fit right along side the cast of the next Magic Mike.

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  YOU'RE IN THE CLUB AND THIS GUY SLAPS YOUR WAIFU'S ASS, WHAT DO YOU DO?
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Other than abs of steel, who is Gabe Kapler?  Where did he come from?  Why am I asking you?

Gabe Kapler was a major leaguer for 12 seasons drafted in the 57th round by Detroit.  He's an LA native (as if that picture didn't tell you) born in Hollywood and attended high school in Woodland Hills and went to Cal State Fullerton.  By the end of his playing career he had played on 6 different teams, was a part of the 2004 World Series Red Sox club (coincidentally so was Dave Roberts, the other front runner for the job), played half a year of ball in Japan, managed the Red Sox Class A affiliate for a year, and most importantly taught us all how to eat a hot dog.

Kapler is also very proud of his Jewish heritage and has tattoos of the Star of David and the words "Never Again" with the dates of the Holocaust.  He was also a coach for Team Israel in the 2013 World Baseball Classic which included on the roster current Dodger, Joc Pederson.

At the end of his career, Kapler played for the Tampa Bay Rays which introduced him to then Rays GM now Dodgers President of Baseball Operations, Andrew Friedman.  As the Director of Player Development he has stressed his philosophy of making men first.  Good men make good baseball players in his book which seems like a more old school approach then the current sabermetric approach the Dodgers front office is all about.  However, Kapler showed a strong grasp of sabermetrics with his time as a Fox Sports 1 analyst and seems to embody a mix of the old and new school.  He also has a blog entitled Kaplifestyle where he has recently written a post about building a winning culture.

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  HE'S ALREADY BUILT A WINNING SMILE
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The front office of Friedman and Zaidi must see in Kapler a guy who can work with them on their saber focused ideas and a guy who can connect with the players (although according to some his move to healthier options in the dining area in Spring Training didn't sit well with some but not much is written about it).   If Kapler is indeed selected for the job, it might be a good idea to supervise any pitching changes he might make.

question: Summarize all the information relating to Gabe Kapler.

answer: Gabe Kapler is currently the Director of Player Development for the Dodgers. He is being considered for the managing position for the Dodgers. He played MLB for 12 seasons. He was born in LA. He played on 6 different teams and was part of the 2004 World Series Red Sox club. He is Jewish. As Director of Player Development he utilized the old school approach to coaching. As Fox Sports 1 analyst he also showed a good grasp of sabermetrics utilizing the new school approach to coaching. He authors a blog and is good looking.

question: Summarize all the information relating to Dave Roberts.

answer: Dave Roberts is currently the bench coach for the San Diego Padres. He is being considered for the managing position for the Dodgers. He was part of the 2004 World Series Red Sox club.

question: Describe Gabe Kapler's approach to coaching.

answer: As Director of Player Development his philosophy is making men first. This is an old school approach. He also shows a strong grasp of the current sabermetrics with his time as Fox Sports 1 analyst. This means he is mixing old and new school approaches.

question: What is the relationship between Gabe Kapler and Dave Roberts?

answer: They are both being considered for the managing position for the Dodgers. They were also both part of the 2004 World Series Red Sox club.

question: What is the relationship between Gabe Kapler and Andrew Friedman?

answer: At the end of Kapler's playing career he played for the Tampa Bay Rays where he was introduced to then Rays GM now Dodgers President of Baseball Operations, Andrew Friedman. Friedman is now considering Kapler for the managing position for the Dodgers.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The two candidates for the Dodgers managing position is Gabe Kapler and Dave Roberts. Gabe Kapler was a MLB player for 12 seasons and on 6 different teams. He moved on to sports analysis and player development which gives him a focus on players and a strong grasp of sabermetrics.


text:
Overview

A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells into your body to replace your damaged or diseased bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant is also called a stem cell transplant.

You might need a bone marrow transplant if your bone marrow stops working and does not produce enough healthy blood cells.

Bone marrow transplants may use cells from your own body (autologous transplant) or from a donor (allogeneic transplant).

Types

1.  Allogeneic stem cell transplant
2.  Autologous stem cell transplant

Why it's done

A bone marrow transplant may be used to:

-   Safely allow treatment of your condition with high doses of chemotherapy or radiation by replacing or rescuing the bone marrow damaged by treatment
-   Replace diseased or damaged marrow with new stem cells
-   Provide new stem cells, which can help kill cancer cells directly

Bone marrow transplants can benefit people with a variety of both cancerous (malignant) and noncancerous (benign) diseases, including:

-   Acute leukemia
-   Adrenoleukodystrophy
-   Aplastic anemia
-   Bone marrow failure syndromes
-   Chronic leukemia
-   Hemoglobinopathies
-   Hodgkin's lymphoma
-   Immune deficiencies
-   Inborn errors of metabolism
-   Multiple myeloma
-   Myelodysplastic syndromes
-   Neuroblastoma
-   Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
-   Plasma cell disorders
-   POEMS syndrome
-   Primary amyloidosis

Video: How a stem cell transplant works

Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some bones. Its job is to produce blood cells. If your bone marrow isn't functioning properly because of cancer or another disease, you may receive a stem cell transplant.

To prepare for a stem cell transplant, you receive chemotherapy to kill the diseased cells and malfunctioning bone marrow. Then, transplanted blood stem cells are put into your bloodstream. The transplanted stem cells find their way to your marrow, where — ideally — they begin producing new, healthy blood cells.

Risks

A bone marrow transplant poses numerous risks. Some people experience minimal problems with a bone marrow transplant, while others can have serious complications that require treatment or hospitalization. Sometimes, complications are life-threatening.

Your particular risks depend on many factors, including the disease or condition that caused you to need a transplant, the type of transplant, and your age and overall health.

Possible complications from a bone marrow transplant include:

-   Graft-versus-host disease (allogeneic transplant only)
-   Stem cell (graft) failure
-   Organ damage
-   Infections
-   Cataracts
-   Infertility
-   New cancers
-   Death

Your doctor can explain your risk of complications from a bone marrow transplant. Together you can weigh the risks and benefits to decide whether a bone marrow transplant is right for you.

Graft-versus-host disease: A potential risk when stem cells come from donors

If you receive a transplant that uses stem cells from a donor (allogeneic transplant), you may be at risk of developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This condition occurs when the donor stem cells that make up your new immune system see your body's tissues and organs as something foreign and attack them.

GVHD may happen at any time after your transplant. Many people who have an allogeneic transplant get GVHD at some point. The risk of GVHD is a bit greater if the stem cells come from an unrelated donor, but it can happen to anyone who gets a bone marrow transplant from a donor.

There are two kinds of GVHD: acute and chronic. Acute GVHD usually happens earlier, during the first months after your transplant. It typically affects your skin, digestive tract or liver. Chronic GVHD typically develops later and can affect many organs.

Chronic GVHD signs and symptoms include:

-   Joint or muscle pain
-   Shortness of breath
-   Persistent cough
-   Vision changes, such as dry eyes
-   Skin changes, including scarring under the skin or skin stiffness
-   Rash
-   Yellow tint to your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
-   Dry mouth
-   Mouth sores
-   Diarrhea
-   Nausea
-   Vomiting

How you prepare

Pretransplant tests and procedures

You'll undergo a series of tests and procedures to assess your general health and the status of your condition, and to ensure that you're physically prepared for the transplant. The evaluation may take several days or more.

In addition, a surgeon or radiologist will implant a long thin tube (intravenous catheter) into a large vein in your chest or neck. The catheter, often called a central line, usually remains in place for the duration of your treatment. Your transplant team will use the central line to infuse the transplanted stem cells, medications and blood products into your body.

Collecting stem cells for autologous transplant

If a transplant using your own stem cells (autologous transplant) is planned, you'll undergo a procedure called apheresis (af-uh-REE-sis) to collect blood stem cells.

Before apheresis, you'll receive daily injections of growth factor to increase stem cell production and move stem cells into your circulating blood so that they can be collected.

During apheresis, blood is drawn from a vein and circulated through a machine. The machine separates your blood into different parts, including stem cells. These stem cells are collected and frozen for future use in the transplant. The remaining blood is returned to your body.

Collecting stem cells for allogeneic transplant

If you're having a transplant using stem cells from a donor (allogeneic transplant), you will need a donor. Once a donor is found, stem cells are gathered from that person for the transplant.

Stem cells can come from your donor's blood or bone marrow. Your transplant team decides which is better for you based on your situation.

Another type of allogeneic transplant uses stem cells from the blood of umbilical cords (cord blood transplant). Mothers can choose to donate umbilical cords after their babies' births. The blood from these cords is frozen and stored in a cord blood bank until needed for a bone marrow transplant.

The conditioning process

After you complete your pretransplant tests and procedures, you begin a process known as conditioning. During conditioning, you'll undergo chemotherapy and possibly radiation to:

-   Destroy cancer cells if you are being treated for a malignancy
-   Suppress your immune system
-   Prepare your bone marrow for the new stem cells

The type of conditioning process you receive depends on a number of factors, including your disease, overall health and the type of transplant planned. You may have both chemotherapy and radiation or just one of these treatments as part of your conditioning treatment.

Side effects of the conditioning process can include:

-   Nausea and vomiting
-   Diarrhea
-   Hair loss
-   Mouth sores or ulcers
-   Infection
-   Bleeding
-   Infertility or sterility
-   Anemia
-   Fatigue
-   Cataracts
-   Organ complications, such as heart, liver or lung failure

You may be able to take medications or other measures to reduce such side effects.

Reduced-intensity conditioning

Based on your age and health history, your doctor may recommend lower doses or different types of chemotherapy or radiation for your conditioning treatment. This is called reduced-intensity conditioning.

Reduced-intensity conditioning kills some cancer cells and suppresses your immune system. Then, the donor's cells are infused into your body. Donor cells replace cells in your bone marrow over time. Immune factors in the donor cells may then fight your cancer cells.

What you can expect

During your bone marrow transplant

Your bone marrow transplant occurs after you complete the conditioning process. On the day of your transplant, stem cells are infused into your body through your central line.

The transplant infusion is painless. You'll be awake during the procedure.

After your bone marrow transplant

When the new stem cells enter your body, they travel through your blood to your bone marrow. In time, they multiply and begin to make new, healthy blood cells. This is called engraftment. It usually takes several weeks before the number of blood cells in your body starts to return to normal. In some people, it may take longer.

In the days and weeks after your bone marrow transplant, you'll have blood tests and other tests to monitor your condition. You may need medicine to manage complications, such as nausea and diarrhea.

After your bone marrow transplant, you'll remain under close medical care. If you're experiencing infections or other complications, you may need to stay in the hospital for several days or sometimes longer. Depending on the type of transplant and the risk of complications, you'll need to remain near the hospital for several weeks to months to allow close monitoring.

You may also need periodic transfusions of red blood cells and platelets until your bone marrow begins producing enough of those cells on its own.

You may be at greater risk of infections or other complications for months to years after your transplant. You'll have periodic lifelong follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor for late complications.

Medications

If your bone marrow transplant is using stem cells from a donor (allogeneic transplant), your doctors may prescribe medications to help prevent graft-versus-host disease and reduce your immune system's reaction (immunosuppressive medications).

After your transplant, it takes time for your immune system to recover. During this time, you may be given medications to prevent infections.

Diet and other lifestyle factors

After your bone marrow transplant, you may need to adjust your diet to stay healthy and to prevent excessive weight gain. Your nutrition specialist (dietitian) and other members of your transplant team will work with you to create a healthy-eating plan that meets your needs and complements your lifestyle. Your dietitian can also give you food suggestions to control side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, such as nausea.

Some of your dietitian's recommendations may include:

-   Following food safety guidelines to prevent foodborne infections
-   Eating a wide variety of healthy foods, including vegetables; fruits; whole grains; lean meats, poultry and fish; legumes; and healthy fats, such as olive oil
-   Limiting salt intake
-   Restricting alcohol
-   Avoiding grapefruit and grapefruit juice due to their effect on a group of immunosuppressive medications (calcineurin inhibitors)

After your bone marrow transplant, regular physical activity helps you control your weight, strengthen your bones, increase your endurance, strengthen your muscles and keep your heart healthy. As you recover, you can slowly increase your physical activity.

Taking steps to prevent cancer is even more important after your transplant. Don't smoke. Wear sunscreen when you're outside, and be sure to get the cancer screenings your doctor recommends.

Results

A bone marrow transplant can cure some diseases and put others into remission. Goals of a bone marrow transplant depend on your individual situation, but usually include controlling or curing your disease, extending your life, and improving your quality of life.

Some people complete bone marrow transplantation with few side effects and complications. Others experience numerous challenging problems, both short and long term. The severity of side effects and the success of the transplant vary from person to person and sometimes can be difficult to predict before the transplant.

It can be discouraging if significant challenges arise during the transplant process. However, it is sometimes helpful to remember that there are many survivors who also experienced some very difficult days during the transplant process but ultimately had successful transplants and have returned to normal activities with a good quality of life.

Clinical trials

Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease.

Coping and Support

Living with a bone marrow transplant or waiting for a bone marrow transplant can be difficult, and it's normal to have fears and concerns.

Having support from your friends and family can be helpful. Also, you and your family may benefit from joining a support group of people who understand what you're going through and who can provide support.

Support groups offer a place for you and your family to share fears, concerns, difficulties and successes with people who have had similar experiences. You may meet people who have already had a transplant or who are waiting for a transplant.

Oct. 24, 2019

question: What are 2 kinds of bone marrow transplants?

answer: Allogeneic and Autologous.

question: What is one reason to get a bone marrow transplant?

answer: To replace diseased or damaged bone marrow with new stem cells.

question: What is bone marrow's main job in the body?

answer: To produce blood cells.

question: What is one risk of getting a bone marrow transplant?

answer: Infection.

question: How long does it take to see blood cell counts improve after a bone marrow transplant?

answer: Several weeks or more.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article is all about bone marrow transplants. It lists the kinds of bone marrow transplants available, as well as the reasons for, risks of, processes involved in, and potential results of receiving such a transplant.


text:
Britain is forging ahead on military co-operation with France, while warning about EU "interference" on defence.

The two countries are the EU's leading military powers.

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    British Grenadier Guards cheering Queen Elizabeth II (Photo: Defence Images)

They spent €92 billion on defence last year (more than Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain put together), according to Swedish NGO Sipri.

They are also the most hawkish. They took the lead in wars in Libya and Mali and they were keen to join US strikes on Syria.

"As shown from our joint operations in Libya and Mali, the UK and France are natural partners and have a key role to play in leading and shaping the defence and security of Europe," a British defence ministry spokesman told EUobserver on Tuesday (17 September).

In line with the 2010 Lancaster House Treaties, the British and French army, navy and air force regularly train together and some British officers serve full time on the French aircraft carrier, the Charles de Gaulle.

They are "on track" to create a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF) with France by 2016 and they plan to test its air component next month in an operation called Exercise Joint Venture.

For its part, the EU also has "battlegroups," or rapid reaction battalions put together by two or three states. But they have never seen action.

The Union is aiming to agree on joint procurement of some military hardware at a defence summit in December.

But here, France and the UK are also streets ahead.

They are already building a "Future Combat Air System," due in 2030, with manufacturers to send in proposals this month.

"Our defence co-operation has grown both in importance and scope since then [the 2010 treaties]," the British spokesman said.

He declined to say whether Britain favours bilateral co-operation over EU-level action.

The UK's official line is that British-French military integration will help to win wars whether they fight them together or as part of EU or Nato structures.

Some French officers are more outspoken, however.

Colonel Michel Goya, a teacher at the Institut de Recherche Strategique de l'Ecole Militaire in Paris, told EUobserver at the time of the Mali conflict: "If you have to react quickly to events, it's better to do it at a national or bi-national level."

Meanwhile, with Britain to potentially quit the EU in a referendum in 2017, it is hard to imagine that it will endorse a far-reaching military deal at the EU's December summit.

British defence minister Philip Hammond criticised the European Commission's ideas on defence reform earlier this month.

Speaking to arms firms at an event in London on 10 September, he said he backs the commission on "improving competition in the [EU] internal defence market, and supporting SMEs."

But he added: "Interference in the export of defence equipment and government-to-government defence sales; or the creation of … 'specific European standards for military products' represent a significant potential extension of the commission’s role and are not necessarily in the UK defence industry’s best interests - and we will resist them."

He promised to keep "a very careful eye on potential interference from Brussels" and to "protect" firms from EU "bureaucratic burdens."

France aside, Hammond also asked: "Should British industry, in fact, be looking across the Atlantic, to our closest ally, for our future industrial partnerships?"

A failed merger last year shows the limits of EU fellowship when it comes to jobs and national politics.

The UK, France and Germany in 2012 came within a hair's breadth of merging the UK's BAE Systems with Franco-German firm Eads to create a European military-industrial giant.

But German Chancellor Angela Merkel blocked the deal, in part because France declined to locate the new HQ in Germany.

For Judy Dempsey, an analyst at the Brussels-based think tank, Carnegie Europe, the bottom line was that Merkel feared losing German defence jobs in the run-up to German elections.

Amid Britain's euroscepticism, Dempsey noted in a recent paper that Germany is also a spoiler on EU defence.

"Of all the more recent German Chancellors, Angela Merkel is probably the one with the least interest in defence and security policy," she wrote.

"Having no security strategy of its own, Germany has discouraged the EU's foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton from drawing up a new security strategy for Europe … [which] defeats any attempts within Nato or the EU to pool and share military resources in order to face ever-growing financial pressure," she added.

question: Who are the leading military powers in the EU?

answer: France and Britain

question: How much does France and Britain spend on defense?

answer: Last year they spent 92 billion euro.

question: What does France and Britain plan to create?

answer: A Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF)

question: What are France and Britain building?

answer: A Future Combat Air System by 2030.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer:
Britain and France are the EU's leading military powers. They spent 92 billion euro on defense last year (more than Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland and Spain combined).
They are forging a military co-operation and are on track to create a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF) by 2016.


text:
A study of human papillomavirus (HPV) by Monash University researchers at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre has found – for the first time – that HPV vaccination programs for women are also benefitting men.

Australia introduced a school-based quadrivalent vaccination program for HPV for girls in April 2007 targeting four genotypes of HPV: genotypes 6 and 11, which are responsible for genital warts and the high-risk genotypes 16 and 18 which can cause malignant cancers including ovarian, penile  and anal cancers. Genital HPV, a common sexually transmitted infection, has many types.

It was already known that the program reduced rates of HPV infection in young women but the study marked the first time the effects on young heterosexual men were analysed.

Researchers led by  Dr Eric Chow and centre director Professor Kit Fairley conducted a retrospective analysis of urine and urethral swab chlamydia positive specimens taken from heterosexual men aged 25 years or younger attending the centre from 2004 to 2015. They analysed data from a number of other HPV genotypes as well  as the four targeted by the vaccines.

The results were striking: of the Australian-born men, the prevalence of the low-risk genotypes 6 and 11 dropped from 11% to 1%, whilst genotypes 16 and 18 dropped from 9% to 1%. The non-vaccine targeted genotypes considered increased from 16% to 18%.

Data was also conducted comparing Australian-born men with men in other countries that had bivalent vaccination programs for HPV genotypes 16 and 18, (England, Scotland, Wales, the Cook Islands, Northern Ireland and the Netherlands). The findings showed that prevalence of these genotypes in  the post-vaccination period decreased significantly whilst the prevalence of non-vaccinated genotypes 6 and 11 didn’t.

The study, which appeared in the journal _Lancet Infectious Disease_s, noted that the trends were consistent with the magnitude in reduction in genital warts  in men from previous findings but were the first evidence of what is called “herd protection” from the two high-risk genotypes.

Dr Chow said the clinic now sees far fewer cases of genital warts but that rates of cancer associated with HPV are harder to monitor because of the time  it takes for cancer to develop.

HPV vaccination programs for boys began in Australia in 2013.

Reference: Chow EP, Machalek DA, Tabrizi SN, Danielewski JA, Fehler G, Bradshaw CS, Garland SM, Chen MY, Fairley CK. Quadrivalent vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus genotypes in heterosexual men after the Australian female human papillomavirus vaccination programme: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 6. pii: S1473-3099(16)30116-5. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30116-5. [Epub ahead of print]

question: Why were men not considered previously in earlier studies of human papillomavirus (HPV)?

answer: This information is not found in the text.


text:
I know I had come across true love once, and I know it because the feeling still burns in my bones. I met him at the age of 4, his name was Elijah. Never in a million years would I have thought that I would see him fade into colorless dust, brushing away to coat the earth and never be found, leaving his family like a shipwreck in a never-ending tide. Elijah, oh how much I could have done for you, how much I could have done to save you. But in my seven year old shoes, I stood paralyzed as menacing arms gripped mine, with a scolding voice that replayed over and over in my head. One day, we were going to stare deep into each-others eyes, telling ourselves it was where we wanted to be for the rest of our lives. We were going to run in our adult shoes, playing tag, until our legs didn't work anymore. That was our true fate, not this. But now I live with a demon always sitting on my shoulder. He likes to laugh at me for what I've done, reminding me of the horrors over again, just as soon as I try to move on. He binds me with chains of silence, he binds me with a closed mind. He draws the man who burnt my clothes, the man who burnt your life. Elijah, I could have saved you.
Elijah... One day, I hope you will forgive me.

But do you remember our last day together, Elijah? The one where we walked home from school through fields of gold, spinning the earth beneath our feet? Do you remember the sun and how it melted the clouds beneath it, revealing the freckles on our faces? Our hands intertwined unconsciously, as our tiny hearts beat like racing drums. We ran until our laughter knocked us down, and stayed until the sky was coated with marmalade. If only we could have frozen the moment and never moved on. If only we could have both stayed in our seven year old bodies. If only I had never been given the opportunity to grow up alone.

I wish our hands stayed intertwined the whole way through. I wish we closed our eyes, and imagined the sun was melting us into the fields of gold. I wish my little legs didn't learn to escape. I wish it was me instead of you, so that you could have run home to your family, letting them know everything was okay.
And in this moment, I wish the fires that covered you could dry my tears.

I searched for you in the eyes of the sun, in the dancing wheat that feathered my eyes, in the butterfly wings that flapped my hair gently behind my ears. I searched for you in the cotton tails of the milk weeds, parting from their buds, to say hello as soon as they said goodbye, soon brushing through familiar cornstalks, to reveal your marble face. Oh Elijah, how I wait for the day your smile will bring the field back to life, but all I see are charcoal dusted, broken stalks, with a demon dancing on top of a mountain of ember lit ashes, acting as if nothing were wrong, as if this place were a sanctuary of good dreams, where kids like us could play all day and all night long and never be taken away. Elijah, I can't look at those milk weeds anymore, because they always say hello, and I never got to say good-bye.

The heat of Summer always reminded me of the comfort of my mother, but now, it greets me like the trees of Winter. Somehow I stay horrendously captivated in Summer's reign, climbing through Peter as you once did, with trembling soles that found it hard to grip his bark, hoping to keep balance long enough to pick a peach that matched the colors of the run down sky. Remember when you would take a big bite, back cradled against Peter's torso, trying to caress the crescent moon into the empty space? I guess the real question is, how could you ever forget it? You were my summer, Elijah, and now it's nothing but a bittersweet memory.

They tell me to try and remember. They tell me it's okay, and that all I have to do is tell them what I saw. I close my eyes, but I can't see anything through the screaming of red and orange flares. He sits beside me, gripping my skin tight, hanging sharp teeth over a dirtied lip. He threatens me with hell, and as he threatens me with fire, I feel familiar fingers curling into mine.

“C'mon, don't look so sad!”

“But, Elijah... don't you understand?”

He turns his head upwards to see me, and sits down, picking dandelions out of the ground.

“Yeah I do... I miss playing tag.”

“Isn't there anyone there you can play with?”

“Yeah, but they aren't as fun as you and they can't run as fast.”

I cry as he holds out a group of dandelions.

“But you're getting older now, April.”

I take them.

“Elijah...”

His fingers curl around mine.

“It gets harder and harder to hold your hand.”

“But I'll always hold yours.”

I see a tear roll down his cheek.

“Can I ask you a question, Eli?”

“Yeah?”

“Why aren't you mad at me?”

He stops pulling the grass and looks at me.

“You're not the bad man.”

“...But I could've saved you.”

“April, do you remember the sun and how it melted the clouds beneath it?”

“Elijah, the real question is, how could I ever forget it?”

title: "Elijah"

question: Explain what the narrator is trying to forget.

question: Summarize the last day that Elijah and April spent together.

answer: On their last day together, the two seven-year-olds, Elijah and April, walked home from school together through fields of gold. The sun was shining bright revealing their freckles. The two walked hand-in-hand. They ran around and stayed there in the fields until the sunset.

question: What emotions does April experience?

answer: April is rather upset that Elijah won't be around. She recollects her last day with him, the one where they hold hands and walk back from school. She keeps blaming herself for not being able to save Elijah.