text:
Loneliness is itself a virtue, or so I try to convince myself.  I'm okay being alone most of the time. I enjoy my own company and I have enough words in my head to fill the silence.

Usually.

I have trouble writing these words out, for once written they will cut like sharpened knives.  Blood will flow through viscous memories and seep down my arms like tired branches of a long dead tree.

It is at this time that I feel most alone. I hear the almost-silent patter of rain drops, the world's quiet reminder that It cries alone too, and I cannot help but wishing these memories would cut me like

title: Cut me like

question: What feeling is the narrator describing in this excerpt?

answer: The narrator is describing the feeling of loneliness.

question: How can you describe how the narrator is feeling?

answer: The narrator seems to be in a lot of pain and wishes they didn't feel so lonely.

question: How does the narrator console themselves?

answer: The narrator consoles themselves by saying they enjoy their own company and have enough words in their head to fill the silence.

question: How does the narrator feel writing out these words?

answer: The narrator has trouble writing out these words because they feel once written, the words will cut like sharpened knives.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator describes the pain they feel about how lonely they are.


split: train

text:
A powerful hail storm in Suffield, Conn. upended a car that got tangled in power lines overhead, according to local police.

The incident occurred on Mountain Road between North Stone Street and South Stone Street at 3:05 p.m., said Karen Doyon, the administrative assistant to the Suffield chief of police.

A picture of the vehicle was posted on Twitterby Springfield meteorologist Nick Bannin.

Three people were in the vehicle and no one was injured.

The road will be closed for “quite some time” until emergency personnel can get the car down off the wires, Doyon said.

No further details were immediately available.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alyssa Meyers can be reached at alyssa.meyers@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @ameyers_.

question: How did a car end up tangled in the power lines?

answer: A powerful hail storm upended it.

question: Where did the car got tangled?

answer: On Mountain Road between North Stone Street and South Stone Street.

question: How long will the road be closed to traffic?

answer: While an exact figure isn't mentioned, it will be closed for "quite some time".

question: Were there casualties?

answer: No, none of the three people in the car got injured.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: On Mountain Road between North Stone Street and South Stone Street, a car got upended in a powerful hailstorm and was tangled in the power cables. None of the three people in the car was injured, but the road will be closed for "quite some time".


text:
Us four sat ensuring my stay.
In conversation, Rick was indirectly called a liar by Rob and Megan
because of me.
The price of being a father.
Any words spoken to him sounded like "Liar".
Any words spoken to me were in question.
As if I was being interrogated.
I had nothing to say unless asked.
The house was a mansion.
My cousin played the role of Keith Cozart.
I looked forward to good times as the house was left mostly
unattended.
As we spoke my mind wandered into flashbacks and daydreams.
Rob was showing me the room where I was going to stay.
There were many rooms and hallways.
Some rooms were connected by doors and weren't connected to hallways.
I opened a door to a bathroom and there was someone in the bathtub.
At first I laughed and looked away but Rob quicly put his arm around me and
led me away, and as he did I caught another quick glimpse of the bathtub and
noticed that it was a body. I was shocked and Rob started to remind me that I
didn't see anything that there was no one there. I instantly protested to
staying in the adjacent room which was where we were headed. I threatened to say
what I saw if forced to stay there. I was led away. The confusion and
unknowingness turned into fear and Plan. We returned downstairs and played it
off, acting as if that didn't happen. Later I spoke with Rob's sister about
what I had seen and she told me that it was not infact a body but pieces of
bodies that were created from insecurities. That she herself had created some
of the pieces that were in the bathtub. We walked and talked. I thought about
what I heard. Generations of insecurities brought about what was in the
bathtub. They all knew. Did Rick know? Did Megan know? I didn't know.
Who was it? Was it one of their own. We ended up back at the bathroom and I
looked in again and what I saw shocked me to the point that I couldn't clearly
make out what it was. Was it a body or was it pieces? It was entirely
underneath the water. I faked emotion and accepted the pieces of insecurities
and agreed to stay in the adjacent room. It was the only way to survive.
I spent most of the first week alone in the room.
I heard them speaking about me. About how I spent time alone.
I was genuinely afraid. The first chance I would take it.
It was a Saturday. I had stolen a few grams of Rob's cocaine and
over the course of 2 days had made it injectable with no one knowing.
The owner of the mansion, the famous Dr. Bob, had syringes in the
downstairs bathroom. Everyone left late in the night.
The only ones left were Rob and Megan. Who were passed out. I stabbed Rob with
the needle and injected it. As he woke and saw me he knew what my
intentions were but could not prevent them as the high almost instantly kicked
in and he fell into a euphoric state. Megan didn't even wake up.
The thought crossed my mind. Did she know about the bathtub? Had she noticed the
change in my behavior? I weighed the risk of foiling my Plan in my mind before
deciding to leave her behind as I escaped into the night. I stole a car from
the mansions garage and left leaving no trace of where I was going.
The insecurity of being insecure. Being insecure was my only security, the
only thing that led me to escape the fate that awaited me. Where all others had
failed and gave in to become part of the fate themselves I had broken free.

title: the fate that awaited

question: Who is Keith Cozart?

answer: The text does not say.

question: What is the "price of being a father"?

answer: It seems to be, in a roundabout way, having one's words twisted when they are trying to protect their offspring.

question: Who are Rick and Megan in relation to the author?

answer: The text does not say.

question: What was in the bathtub at first?

answer: A body.

question: Why does the narrator inject Rob with cocaine?

answer: We do not know.

question: Why does the narrator opt to leave Megan there, sleeping?

answer: He doesn't think she was privy to the discovery of the body.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is at a mansion with guards and personnel, and there are at least two other guests, named Rob and Megan. Rob sees a body in the bathtub along with the narrator and leads the narrator away. The narrator steals cocaine-seemingly from Rob-and injects him while he's asleep. It seems that the narrator is trying to stage an overdose. Mulling over things, the narrator opts to let a sleeping Megan live, and leaves her behind to escape into the night.


text:
Cisco Canada Blog > Collaboration

[]

 Collaboration

[]

Being locked into a contract after you outgrow it can feel like being trapped in a technological prison; and, unless you decide to abandon civilization and live off the grid, unfortunately, they’re inevitable. A two-year contract for your cell phone. A multi-year commitment for your cable package. Having to lock-in to purchase 15 extra channels just to watch that one show where everyone is playing a deadly, medieval version of musical chairs.

It wouldn’t be as crazy as, say, being the mother of dragons, to think that the same goes for your business. You sign a contract licensing a new team collaboration solution, roll it out, and that’s it. You’ve got what you’ve bought, end of story.

But your business isn’t static. It’s growing, changing. Maybe you’re hiring new talent or your operations are becoming more complex and sophisticated. Suddenly your team is expanding and that number of licenses you bought is no longer enough. Or, you want to roll it out to the whole company instead of just a few teams. Or, you need greater functionality. Or, or, or…I’m sure you get the point. Your business needs don’t stay the same from year-to-year, so why should your technology needs? But aren’t you locked into a fixed contract?

Not with the Cisco Spark Flex Plan.

The Cisco Spark Flex Plan gives you more control, allowing you to better align your purchase with your business needs. All of the subscriptions include Cisco Spark and its calling, meetings, and messaging functionality with additional options to suit your size and needs. Subscription-based billing also means your upfront costs are reduced through periodic payments, and you can upgrade to a more comprehensive plan whenever you need, without penalty. Your prior investments in your company are protected.

_Learn more about the Cisco Spark Flex Plan_

With Cisco Spark and the Cisco Spark Flex Plan behind you, you are in control of your business’ destiny. You decide what you need and when you need it. You are turning business expenses into investments.

See what Andre Smit, VP of Global Collab Sales, has to say about the Cisco Spark Flex Plan

Tags:
-   business growth
-   business needs
-   cisco spark
-   Cisco Spark Flex Plan
-   Collaboration

question: When was the article written?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What service is being advertised?

answer: The Cisco Spark Flex Plan

question: What TV show do the first two paragraphs reference?

answer: Game of Thrones

question: Who published the article?

answer: Cisco Canada

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article is an advertisement for the Cisco Spark Flex Plan, a service package from Cisco that allows a company to adapt and select the services they need without being locked in.


text:
[ ]
 Jessica Rinaldi/Globe Staff

First of all, there is the roast chicken. Hamersley’s Bistro has been known for it since the restaurant opened 27 years ago, across the street from its current site, in a considerably grittier South End. The chicken is simple yet perfect, prepared with garlic and lemon. Julia Child loved the dish. All of Boston loves the dish. It could never come off the menu. You might make it yourself — the recipe is all over the Internet — but it wouldn’t taste the same at all.

Then there is proprietor Gordon Hamersley, who runs the place with his wife, wine guru Fiona Hamersley. He is so low-key it seems strange to call him a celebrity chef, but he has won so many plaudits over the years, it is impossible not to. Unlike most celebrity chefs, he never branched out to other projects. And he never stopped cooking. Why would he? It was what he loved doing, where he loved doing it. Visit Hamersley’s and you would see him standing behind the line, wearing his Red Sox cap, eternally in the kitchen.

But nothing lasts forever, in the restaurant business least of all. On Wednesday, Hamersley announced that his restaurant will close at the end of October. The space and license are spoken for; the undisclosed new owner will renovate and open with a new concept after Jan. 1.

“Fiona and I have had a 27-year, wonderful experience working in the restaurant, but we came to a point in our careers where it was a good stopping point,” Hamersley said by phone Wednesday. Both are in their 60s. He plans to take some time off and reflect, he said. “Then I’m going to work very hard to write the second book I have not been able to get off the ground for 12 years,” a follow-up to 2003’s “Bistro Cooking at Home,” “and continue to work very hard mentoring the young cooks in town.”

[Gordon and Fiona Hamersley with their crew at Hamersley’s Bistro in 1995.]
Gordon and Fiona Hamersley with their crew at Hamersley’s Bistro in 1995.Globe Staff/File

Hamersley has worked with students at Madison Park Technical Vocational High School in Roxbury and the nonprofit Future Chefs. “It is very important to me and the future of restaurants in Boston that these kids get educated,” he said. He will consult with young chefs who want to open their own restaurants. And he will see what opportunities life might hold on the other side of the stove.

It is hard to imagine what Boston’s restaurant scene would look like without Hamersley’s Bistro. The restaurant serves as a blueprint for the kind of place we take for granted today. But when it opened, it was a breath of fresh air, serving uncomplicated, French-inspired food with casual grace in a butter-yellow room. The idea that dining out needn’t be stuffy and formal, the idea that simplicity was compelling enough to anchor the table, that whole farm-to-table, seasonal thing: These were not the way things were done in Boston circa 1987. People like Moncef Meddeb (L’Espalier) and Jimmy Burke (Allegro) were starting to bring in fresh ideas. Upstarts like Hamersley and Todd English (Olives) moved in to seal the deal. Restaurants were just arriving in the South End. And now, on any night of the week, in any part of the city, a tattooed server in jeans will say “Hey, guys” and bring you a glass of biodynamic wine sourced painstakingly from a small producer, along with a plate of charred local carrots.

“I’ve been in this period of reflection lately about what the South End was like and how it transformed itself. I feel proud of our city. Look who we are attracting — Mario Batali and Daniel [Boulud] are coming,” Hamersley said, citing two famed chefs with Boston restaurants in the works.

His place, along with restaurants like Chris Douglass’s Icarus, was one of the catalysts for the neighborhood’s transformation. Today, you can barely take a step without bumping into a restaurant along Tremont, Shawmut, Washington, Harrison . . . The culinary creep continues, block by block.

And the landscape continues to evolve. Icarus closed in 2009, a time when the economy was bleak, seats went empty, and restaurant closures were common. Hamersley weathered the storm, closing on his own terms. (Chef Steve Johnson of Rendezvous, a newer but beloved spot in Central Square, recently did the same.) At the end of June, Charlie’s Sandwich Shoppe shuttered after 87 years in business, making Hamersley’s look like a mere whippersnapper. Happily, Charlie’s looks to rise again next year, under new stewardship (Evan Deluty of Stella, a Washington Street favorite) but otherwise intact. Vive le turkey hash.

Restaurants are training grounds for future generations, and Gordon Hamersley’s mentorship is not to be underestimated. He brought up the likes of Jody Adams in his kitchen. Today, his youngest employee is 17. Hamersley’s opened before she was born. What will Boston’s dining scene look like when she opens her own place?

It won’t have Hamersley’s Bistro in it, with the boss in his baseball cap eternally in the kitchen. And we won’t be eating the roast chicken Julia Child loved, that we thought we’d be eating forever.

[Roasted chicken with garlic, lemon, and parsley.]
Roasted chicken with garlic, lemon, and parsley.Wendy Maeda/Globe Staff/File

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Devra First can be reached at dfirst@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @devrafirst.

question: What is the main subject of the article?

answer: The impending closure of Hammersley's Bistro

question: Approximately when was the article written?

answer: Based when we can assume the Bistro opened, we can infer it was written around 2014

question: Where is Hammersley's Bistro?

answer: Boston

question: In what year did Hammersley's Bistro open?

answer: It is implied that it was opened around 1987

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: After 27 years in operation, Hammersley's Bistro is closing, as the owner has sold it and is retiring. The author discusses some of the ways that the restaurant scene has changed over the years.


text:
[Chinese boxthorn, Dried fruit] [Chinese ginseng] [Nanchang jar soup with chicken and pitaya flower]

'''Nangchang Jar soup '''is a Jiangxi cuisine of China, and it is meat soup which is carried by jar and stored in a big crock. Similar to Guangdong soup, the Jiangxi jar soup can be made from various ingredients from pork-bone, chicken and duck to different kinds of Chinese medicinal materials like ginseng, codonopsis and Chinese wolfberry.[1]

Nonetheless, the Jiangxijar soup has its own uniqueness which makes it differ from other kinds of Chinese soup.[2][3]

Uniqueness

Without pot cover, each soup jar is covered by silver foil with a tiny hole for letting out steam within when the soup jar is heated.[4]

Being stored in a little soup jar which is put in a big crock, ingredients are heated by the air heat around the little soup jar, inside the big crock, instead of getting heat directly from fire of by transferring heat from the big crock.

History and folktale

As a famous Jiangxi cuisine, Nangchang Jar soup has a long history of over a thousand years. There even are some folktales about the origin of this soup. There was an honest and thrifty official named Tangbin in Ming Dynasty. Tangbin worked hard and always did people favors. In order to help more poor people, Tangbin put all his food ingredients in a big jar to make soup for poor people. Since the food ingredients were stored in big jar with high temperature for a day, the flavor of the soup become nicer. People appreciated that and did the same soup. As time went by, people or the following generations followed their ancestors. And this soup, which is invented by Tangbin has become a famous soup in today's China.

Health benefits

Since Jiangxi jar soup combines various ingredients together, its nutritive value is high which also matches Chinese people dietary habit. Chinese people prefer soup at their dining-table, they believe that having soup can help them derive nutrients to build a strong body. Moreover, Chinese people believe that having soup can somehow reduce the intake of other staple food, which is good for avoiding getting fat.

[1] [http://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspxdbCode=CJFQ&filename=JKYY2015Z1039&tablename=CJFD2015&compose=&first=1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1FhdkJkdjAzeW9TZ1JaWGVjaFBuNnNraHlWQ1NYMD0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4ggI8Fm4gTkoUKaID8j8gFw!! Cuisine，Health & Nutrition. China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. Year vol#]

[2]

[3] [http://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=CJFQ&filename=BXSX201206032&tablename=CJFD2012&compose=&first=1&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1FhdXNXZjJDUGg3QWZQUlNHMytzN1M2YlRCOENrYz0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4ggI8Fm4gTkoUKaID8j8gFw!! Bai Xing Sheng Hou,China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. Year vol#]

[4] 江西民间瓦罐煨汤制作方法 Accessed 1 Nov, 2016

title: Nangchang Jar soup

question: What kinds of meat can the soup be made from?

answer: Pork-bone, chicken, or duck

question: According to legend, who invented the soup?

answer: Tangbin, an honest and thrifty official during the Ming Dynasty

question: What is a crock?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What kind of cuisine does the soup belong to?

answer: Jiangxi

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Nangchang Jar soup is a meat soup from Jiangxi cuisine. It can be made from various ingredients, such as pork-bone, chicken, and duck. According to legend, it was invented by Tangbin, a thrifty official during the Ming Dynasty.


text:
The world was old, and he was tired. The cliff was not as high as others he had climbed, but it would serve its purpose. Leaning over the edge was enough to assure him of that. The waves crashed relentlessly against the jagged rocks below, leaving an icy mist in their wake. They reminded him of the mountains of Asia and how they seemed to break apart the crust of the earth for the sole purpose of reaching the sun.

His life had been driven by the thirst for discovery, the need to dig his nails into the earth and tear apart its flesh to find what was hidden beneath. He could not remember a point in his history when he had not felt such an urge. He had spent his childhood ducking through the alleyways of his city’s core, peeking into sun-laden rooms of clay only to find a mother baking bread, her leathered hands pressing a quiet pulse into a mound of dough. The familiar sensation of burning muscles followed him through his childhood as he carried himself over the hills towards the sun outside the city walls. His mother often complained of feeling decades older than she should. “Chasing you is a full time job,” she would sigh. “You must learn to sit still.” But the next day, as always, he would forget to gather water in favor of following the stream a few miles further than the day before. When he reached the age of manhood, he ached to escape the confines of his home, to chase the sun until he found that which gave it life.

He dedicated his being to exploration. Education and love were fleeting desires, ultimately disregarded if it meant renouncing his claim on the earth and her secrets. He found work on a ship for little pay, but he gladly exchanged the luxury of money for the lull of his mistress’s gentle waves under a sky splashed with stars.

Through his time on earth, he saw wonders untold from every corner of the globe, grabbing the fruit of life and feeling the juice run down his face in heavy streams. The sands of the east felt rough on his tired skin, yet as soft and warm as the eyes of the elephant in Asia. Never before had he seen so brilliant a sunset as the pool of gold, red, and purple that soaked the northern snow in light. The people were almost as incredible as the places, though none impressed him as much as the dark-haired lady from the tavern in Mexico, who met his eyes and ducked shyly into the shadows. Her tinkling laugh still rang in the back of his mind when the quiet overtook him in the night. “Will you stay with me?” she whispered into his ear, and he nearly did. But the chilled dawn called him from her bed in the morning, and he slipped back onto his ship while she remained tangled in the sheets and memories of his body.

That was years ago, a lifetime it seemed, but he sometimes caught himself wondering if he would have been happier if he had stayed. The years had been good to him - his body remained strong and healthy despite the constant running, fighting, exploring. He could no longer deny, though, that he was slowing. His muscles, sturdy, no longer held the energy of his boyhood. He had begun to run less, choosing instead to walk. He had told himself that he was merely appreciating the scenery. He had rushed through the lush valleys and rocky peaks of his youth, leaving only vague memories of their true magnitude. I’m slowing down to appreciate my earth, he said. But one can only deny the truth for so long before it smashes through even the strongest defenses.

And that was how he ended up here on the cliff, his life teetering in the balance as he rocked back and forth on his calloused feet. He could see his ship aground in the distance. It was pushed onto the sand of the island against a backdrop of dense forest - a forest he would never know. It seemed to him as if this were the last place in the world. He had seen and done all there was, his eyes heavy with the memories of a well-lived life. This island, this piece of the world, was the stitch to heal the aching in his heart; the ache to discover, explore, unearth. To explore this island would be to finish what he started at his first steps. And that was why, he decided, he could not go through with it.

He knew not what the next life held for him. Dead men tell no tales, and he feared that when his time came, his light would be extinguished and he would be left to rot in the dark. To die with passion is a beautiful thing, he told himself, and to die fulfilled is to deny this beauty. That yearning to explore would follow him into the dark if it died with him. He could not bear the burden of knowledge that would come from exploring all there was to explore. This line of thinking led him to the mist-drenched cliff where he currently stood. He came directly to the edge, not allowing himself even the chance to stop and admire the blossoming orange petals that adorned the vines of the trees. There would be time for that after the fact.

As he closed his tired eyes against the blinding sun, the very fibers of his being screamed against it. The pulse of his blood steadily urged him to turn back and find the source of the thick sweet smell in the air. Pineapples, maybe, fallen from the trees and decaying into the sand. But he edged closer still to the drop. To allow this wilderness to keep its secrecy was to tie himself to this earth and its wonders, to comfort himself against the thought that death was silence. He bound himself to the earth through this promise to her. And it was with this last thought that he smiled, sighed, and calmly fell into the waiting arms of his true love.

title: My first ever short story. Looking for feedback.

question: What does the story say about the narrator's travels in Africa?

question: What does the story say about the narrator?

answer: The narrator was driven by the thirst for discovery and he dedicated his entire being to exploration. He always wanted to dig his nails into the earth and tear apart its flesh to find what was hidden beneath, even at a young age. When he reached the age of manhood, he ached to escape the confines of his home found work on a ship that paid little. He saw wonders untold from every corner of the globe, even meeting a beautiful Mexican woman with who he almost chose to stay. The years have been good to the narrator and his body remained strong and healthy despite the constant running, exploring, and fighting, but he knows he's nearing the end of his journey.

question: Why does the narrator want to jump off a cliff?

answer: The narrator is old and tired. He knows that he needs to face the truth, that despite still being strong and healthy, he no longer has the same energy of his boyhood and was slowing down. He had seen and done all there was. His eyes were heavy with the memories of a well-lived life. He doesn't want to explore the island anymore because he wants to die fulfilled and with passion. He could not bear the knowledge that would come from exploring all there was to explore, which was why he ended up on the cliff.

question: What does the story about the island the narrator found himself in?

answer: The narrator's ship has run aground on an island with a dense forest. It is a place that the narrator has never explored before. The island smelled of pineapples. It had a cliff that wasn't as high as the others the narrator has climbed in his travels. At the bottom of the cliff were jagged rocks that were relentlessly assaulted by the waves. The cliff actually reminded the narrator of the mountains of Asia.


text:
[] [Coinage of Tennes, king of Sidon, dated 351/0 BC. Phoenician pentekonter sailing left. Date above (here faint), waves below. King of Persia standing right, holding up lion by lock of mane; Aramaic T’ between.] The PENTECONTER (alt. spelling PENTEKONTER, PENTACONTER, PENTECONTOR or PENTEKONTOR; , _pentēkónteros_, “fifty-oared”[1]), plural PENTECONTERS, was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In an alternative meaning, the term was also used for a military commander of fifty men in ancient Greece.[2]

History

The penteconters emerged in an era when there was no distinction between merchant and war ships. They were versatile, long-range ships used for sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops. A penteconter was rowed by fifty oarsmen, arranged in a row of twenty-five on each side of the ship. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind. Penteconters were long and sharp-keeled ships, hence described as _long vessels_ (, _nḗes makraí_ ). They typically lacked a full deck, and thus were also called _unfenced vessels_ (, _áphraktoi nḗes_).

Homer describes war ships during the Trojan War of various numbers of oars varying from twenty-oared, such as the ship that brought Chryseis back to her father,[3] to fifty-oared, as Odysseus’ ship that had fifty men[4] and as many as 120 men of the Boeotian ships.

According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of . However, modern reconstructions of penteconters, as well as other ancient ship designs such as triremes, manned by modern untrained amateurs, attained that top speed fairly easily on initial sea trials, which implies that the top speed of that type of ship in the ancient era had to be substantially higher. Ancient Greeks also used the triaconter or triacontor ( _triakontoros_), a shorter version of the penteconter with thirty oars. There is a general agreement that the trireme, the primary warship of classical antiquity, evolved from the penteconter via the bireme. The penteconter remained in use until the Hellenistic period, when it became complemented and eventually replaced by other designs, such as the _lembus_, the _hemiolia_ and the liburnians.

[1] Entry πεντηκόντορος at LSJ

[2] penteconter, in _Collins English Dictionary_

[3] Homer, Iliad, book 1 309

[4] Homer's Odyssey book 10, 311, 344 describes two groups of twenty-two men, plus Odysseus and Eurylokhos (six men were already lost by Polyphemus).

title: Penteconter

question: What warship is generally believed to have evolved from the penteconter?

answer: The trireme

question: How many oarsmen did a penteconter have?

answer: 50

question: What was the top speed of a penteconter?

answer: That information can't be found

question: When was the penteconter introduced?

answer: It was in use since the archaic period, and it remained in use until the Hellenistic period

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Penteconter was an ancient Greek galley that was in use from the archaic period to the Hellenistic period. It was rowed by fifty oarsmen, and was used for trade, piracy, and warfare.


text:
ZAMA was a Roman and Byzantine era town in the Roman district of Chamanene, in what is today central Turkey.[1] It has been tentatively identified with ruins on the Halys River between Caesarea in Cappadocia and Tavium.[2] Halys River.[3]

[1] Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (John Murray, 1890) p 96.

[2] Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (John Murray, 1890) p 260.

[3] Sir William Mitchell Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (John Murray, 1890) p270.

title: Zama (Turkey)

question: Does Zama exist today?

answer: No, Zama is now central Turkey.

question: Who lived in Zama?

answer: It may be implied that Romans lived there.

question: Which era was the town set in?

answer: The Roman and Byzantine era.

question: How can Zama be identified today?

answer: The town's ruins are found on the Halys River between Caesarea and Tavium.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Zama was a Roman town in the Chamanene district. The town has been tentatively identified by ruins on the Halys River between Caesarea and Tavium.


text:
_QUERCUS HIHOLENSIS_ is an extinct species of oak in the Fagaceae genus _Quercus_. _Quercus hiholensis_ is known from Middle Miocene fossils found in Central Washington.

History and classification

The species was first described from specimens of silicified acorns preserved in chert of the “Yakima Canyon Flora”.[1] The chert was recovered from the “Hi hole” site, one of the “county line hole” fossil localities of the “Yakima Canyon Flora” located north of Interstate 82 in Yakima County, Washington.[2] The “Hi hole” site works strata which was thought to be part of the Museum Flow Package within the interbeds of the Sentinel Bluffs Unit of the central Columbia Plateau N₂ Grande Ronde Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group. The Museum Flow Package interbeds, designated the type locality, are dated to the middle Miocene and are approximately 15.6 million years old.[3] Later re-evaluation of the “hi hole” site indicated that the site is included into a basalt flow, rather than part of the interbedded Museum flow package. The evaluation suggested the basalt is part of the Wanapum Basalt and that the fossils are possibly a little younger than formerly reported.[4] Dating reported in 2007 of a related site near Ellensburg, Washington, confirmed that the deposits worked are pockets within the basalt flows, and the 15.6 million year old date was accurate.[5]

At the time of study, the holotype acorn, specimen UWBM 45-I, and a series of paratype specimens are preserved in the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, while additional examined fossils that were not part of the type series were part of the paleobotanical collections at Arizona State University. The specimens represent a range of preservation conditions, ranging from exposed on weathered surfaces of the chert, totally weathered out of the chert, and as hollow chert casts of the acorns. A total of 42 specimens in chert were studied by paleobotanists Sandra Borgardt and Kathleen Pigg, with their 1999 type description being published in the _American Journal of Botany_. Borgardt and Pigg chose the specific epithet _hiholensis_ as a reference to the “Hi hole” locality that is the type locality of the species.[6]

Based on the acorn and floral morphology, Borgardt and Pigg placed the species into the oak subgenus _Quercus_ section _Quercus_, which includes living white oaks. As _Q. hiholensis_ was the first oak to be described from anatomically preserved acorns, they chose to place the fossils into a new species rather than describe them as fossils belonging to the living species, or acorns belonging to an already described fossil species. The authors also noted that a number of the acorns show signs of probable insect damage, with preserved bore tunnels, possible frass, and possible larvae in some acorns.[7] The overall damage is similar to damage by beetles in modern acorns, and the finds in _Q. hiholensis_ suggest an oak/insect relationship extending at least back to the Miocene.[8]

Description

_Q. hiholensis_ acorns range in size from to with an umbo on the tip of some nuts, but absent on others. Of the twenty-six identified _Q. hiholensis_ acorns, only one specimen has a nut emerging from the cupule, while in the others only the perianth and styles, or umbo show. The exteriors of the cupules comprise helically arranged scales that have a papery tip and range up to with the papery tip extending up to further. The cupule has patches of sclereids scattered through it with some of the sclereids that are associated with scale bases organized into white star shaped patches. The fruits have an ovoid to ovoid-conical shape, ranging between to in size. The smaller, less mature fruits show the distinct structuring of styles and perianth. The styles have flared tips and are short, while the perianth has distinct lobes that are closely placed to the styles. As is typical for acorns of section _Quercus_, the youngest specimens still have the aborted second ovule and dividing septum present near the base of the developing fruit.[9]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

title: Quercus hiholensis

question: What is the Quercus Hilolensis?

answer: It is an extinct species of oak in the Fagaceae.

question: How did Quercus Hilolensis become known to the world?

answer: It was found in the Middle Miocene fossil in Central Washington.

question: What does Quercus Hilolensis' fruit look like?

answer: The fruits have an ovoid to ovoid-conical shape.

question: Where are the Quercus Hilolensis specimens kept?

answer: They are preserved in the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Quercus Hilolensis is an extinct species of oak in the Fagaceae genus. The specie was found for the first time in the Middle Miocene found in Central Washington.

Quercus Hilolensis' fruit have an ovoid to ovoid-conical shape. The specimens are presently preserved in the Burke Museum of Natural History. Other types of Quercus Hilolensis fossils can be found in the paleobotanical collections at Arizona State University.


text: I was laying down in my bed playing on my gameboy, pokemon ofcourse, and I was chewing gum. While playing I was blowing bubbles. My little sister, 2 years old, climbs onto my bed and watches with fascination. While i was chewing the gum into blowing shape she gets impatient and shouts bubbles angrily. Cutest thing ever. So she PUNCHES ME IN THE THROAT to make me blow it faster. I choked on the gum and nearly died. Couldn't tell my mom because I wasn't supposed to have gum cuz I had already had 3 pieces that day.

title: Gum

question: What is pokemon?

answer: Pokémon is a Japanese media franchise that includes games, toys and a television show.

question: Why does the narrator's little sister punch the narrator in the throat?

answer: to make him blow bubbles faster

question: Why is the narrator not supposed to have been chewing gum?

answer: because the narrator has already had three pieces of gum that day

question: How old is the narrator?

answer: the article does not answer this question

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is lying in bed, playing Pokémon on his GameBoy and chewing gum. His little sister asks him to blow bubbles and then punches him in the throat.


text:
Access to insurance coverage of many types has a profound effect on the average cost of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment costs in the USA.

Average figures are very misleading because some couples (with full insurance) pay virtually nothing, while others must fund the entire cost (with optional services) over multiple cycles.

Finally, those lucky patients who bring home a baby (or two, or three, or four) face a second wave of expenses that insurance can also affect. Lost income and higher medical costs often accompany a high-risk pregnancy and or premature infants.

Fortunately, couples can take steps before their next cycle to mitigate many of these exposures.

How Much Does IVF Cost With Insurance?
-   Texas
-   California
-   Florida
-   New York
-   New Jersey
-   Ohio
-   Other States

Average IVF Treatment Cost without Insurance
-   Donor Eggs and Sperm
-   Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
-   Medications
-   Gender Selection

How Much Does IVF Cost With Insurance?

The state you live or work in can have a significant impact on how much In Vitro Fertilization costs with insurance. However, the location of the fertility clinic and the prices they charge are secondary concerns. Local laws have a much stronger influence on your total out-of-pocket expenses to bring home a baby or two.

The United States has one federal law that applies equally across the country – although it affects IVF costs indirectly. The Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) comes into play after a successful embryo transfer. Moms often need the legal job and health insurance protections while on pregnancy disability work absence, and while she bonds with her baby at home.

On the other hand, the legal environment in each state can vary widely and have a profound effect on spending to bring home a baby in multiple ways.

-   IVF insurance mandates exist in nine states with many cost-sharing features
    -   Deductible
    -   Co-insurance
    -   Copayments
    -   Balance billing
-   Legal mandates for first-line infertility treatments apply in six other states
-   Usury regulations frequently limit financing and loan options
-   Temporary disability programs (six states) replaces salary during pregnancy disability absence
-   Paid family leave benefits (three states) replaces earnings for caretakers of sick babies
-   Family medical leave laws (ten states) extend FMLA job protections
-   State income taxes present a second opportunity to deduct qualifying medical expenses
-   Buying supplemental coverage before conception leads to better outcomes

The following breakdown applies these concepts to projected IVF baby costs in your area.

Texas

The cost of IVF in Texas with insurance is a complicated topic. While Texas is one of only nine states with a legal mandate for IVF coverage, the law merely requires healthcare companies to OFFER a plan in the group and association markets.

-   Your employer is not required to purchase coverage
-   You cannot buy a policy in the individual market

Therefore, lucky employees with IVF coverage at work drag down the average spending amount. However, the fortunate few do not read articles like these since they won the lottery. The remaining Texans pay the full amount out-of-pocket and do plenty of research.

Besides, Texas has no entitlement programs that help couples after they conceive. Texas does not extend FMLA job and health benefit protections with a supplementary law or temporary disability program. Furthermore, residents of the Lone Star State do not pay income taxes and cannot deduct these qualifying medical expenses a second time.

California

The cost of IVF in California with insurance is another tricky subject. California has a legal mandate that requires healthcare companies to OFFER a plan that covers “medical procedures consistent with established practices in the treatment of infertility by licensed physicians and surgeons.”

The California Health and Safety Code Section 1374.55 specifically excludes IVF from the mandate. Therefore, most patients are on their own – unless preliminary treatments fit the quoted definition.

On the other hand, California has the most robust entitlement programs helping both mom and dad after a successful cycle (conception).  These benefits replace earnings and or extend legal job protections during work absences.

-   CA SDI replaces mom’s earnings during pregnancy disability absence and after childbirth
-   CA Pregnancy Disability Leave provides up to four months of legal job protection
-   CA Paid Family Leave extends benefits to care for an infant at home
-   CA Family Rights Act adds 12 weeks of job protections for baby bonding time

California also has the steepest marginal state income tax rates. Affluent couples might be able to deduct qualifying medical expenses and reduce their tax bill come April 15.

Florida

The cost of IVF in Florida with insurance is a meaningless number because the majority of residents cannot obtain coverage. Florida is one of many states without a legal mandate of any kind.

The only Florida families lucky enough to have insurance that pays for IVF typically work for employers headquartered in another region with a mandate. If the company does not self-insure, they may have to follow the laws in their home jurisdiction. Also, a tiny fraction could have coverage if their generous employer insists on adding the benefit.

As with many other states, Florida does not have any entitlement programs that kick in after a successful transfer (conception). People in the Sunshine state do not have a temporary disability program, or family leave laws that extend FMLA protections. The absence of state income tax means residents have no opportunity to deduct expenses.

New York

The cost of IVF in New York with insurance has the broadest range of possible amounts for each couple. The laws in New York and neighboring states create several sets of winners and losers.

-   One NYS law requires certain insurers to cover infertility treatment for women between the ages of 21 and 44 years. A 2019 revision expands IVF coverage for large private sector employers.
-   Commuters to neighboring states (NJ & CT) can enjoy IVF benefits under those mandates, as do NY employees working for companies headquartered in those areas.
-   The IVF grant program helps pay expenses for qualified applicants but is perpetually short of funding.
-   Finance companies avoid lending to New Yorkers due to onerous usury regulations.
-   The NYS disability program caps benefits at a woeful $170 per week.
-   A more substantial Paid Family Leave benefit helps parents afford baby bonding time
-   The progressive NYS income tax rate (4% to 8.82%) offers more significant savings to affluent families.

New Jersey

The cost of IVF in New Jersey with insurance is perhaps the lowest in the country. The reason is simple: New Jersey laws and entitlement programs touch every possible base associated with reducing the net expenses related to both treatment and a successful outcome – mom’s pregnancy and childbirth.

-   NJ law requires healthcare companies to COVER medically necessary infertility services including medications, surgery, IVF, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, GIFT, ZIFT, ICCSI, and four completed egg retrievals per lifetime.
-   NJ TDI replaces 66% of salary during pregnancy disability absence with a generous weekly cap.
-   NJ Paid Family Leave benefits continue at the same level during baby bonding time
-   NJ Family Leave Act extends job and health benefit protections after FMLA expires

The New Jersey state income tax has a progressive rate ranging from 1.4% to 8.97% for the highest earners. However, couples cannot enjoy any first dollar savings from a Flexible Spending Account, as NJ does not recognize these pretax payroll elections.

Ohio

The cost of IVF in Ohio with insurance is pertinent only to families who participate in a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) – but only to a point. Ohio law requires HMOs to provide basic health care services, which include infertility services when medically necessary. However, IVF is rarely medically required.

Therefore, Ohio residents insured through a Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPO), or Point of Service (POS) plan design pay 100% out-of-pocket. Compare this with HMO members who might have coverage for preliminary testing and other supporting services, but not for an embryo transfer.

Also, Ohio does not have any entitlements that help parents financially after conception (temporary disability, family leave laws). However, the top marginal state income tax rate of 4.997% provides an opportunity for couples to save money on deductible medical expenses.

Other States

The cost of IVF with insurance across the remaining USA reflects the diversity of our country. We have a constitutional republic where each state decides for itself what laws to pass and entitlements to offer. Therefore, there is no average figure that accurately represents this variety.

This chart summarizes the critical programs illustrated above for some of the larger areas.

1.  Legal mandate to cover IVF
2.  Legal requirement to cover other infertility services
3.  Temporary disability program
4.  Paid family leave benefits
5.  FMLA time & eligibility extensions
6.  Onerous usury laws restricting lending
7.  State income tax allowing medical deductions

                   1   2   3   4   5   6   7
  ---------------- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  Georgia                              X   X
  Indiana                                  X
  Louisiana            X                   X
  Maryland         X                   X   X
  Michigan                                 X
  Minnesota                        X       X
  North Carolina                       X   X
  Pennsylvania                         X   X

Average IVF Treatment Cost without Insurance

Looking at the average cost in the USA for In Vitro Fertilization without insurance could be more helpful. The typical price ranges is about $12,000 per round with plenty of variation. Most couples must fund the entire treatment cost out-of-pocket by themselves with no help from an outside third party payer.

However, the spending on optional services and the number of cycles needed to conceive inflates the average figure. Some patients opt for the bare-bones approach, while others add every possible bell and whistle. Then, insurance may not cover elective services – even when required to pay for IVF under a mandate. Finally, some parents conceive on the first round, while others pay for multiple attempts without success.

Donor Eggs and Sperm

Adding donor eggs or sperm to your IVF treatment drives up the price for each cycle you must fund without insurance. On the other hand, donor sperm and eggs may significantly improve your odds of success. Higher success rates mean you could need to pay for fewer cycles before becoming pregnant.

Consider these example data. Your results will vary. Donor eggs and or sperm can reduce the expected cost of becoming pregnant by limiting the number of cycles needed. Consider it an investment that could pay off handsomely.

  ----------------------------------------------
  Procedure     Per Cycle   Success   Expected
                Cost        Rate      Spending
  ------------- ----------- --------- ----------
  w/o Donors    $12,000     25%       $48,000

  Donor Eggs    $29,000     75%       $38,000

  Donor Sperm   $14,000     75%       $18,667
  ----------------------------------------------

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Combining Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) with IVF also drives up per-cycle costs without insurance, but improves the success rates at the same time. During the procedure, your endocrinologist will take a single sperm and inject it directly into an egg. This step increases the odds of successful fertilization.

As before, you want to combine the incremental expense of ICSI with the improved success rate to project the total number of cycles needed for live birth.

  ------------------------------------------
  Procedure   Cost      Success   Expected
                        Rate      Spending
  ----------- --------- --------- ----------
  w/o ICSI    $12,000   25%       $48,000

  With ICSI   $14,000   75%       $18,667
  ------------------------------------------

Medications

IVF medications also add to costs without insurance and improve your success rates, which may reduce the number of cycles you must pay for out-of-pocket. Each drug has a unique price point and dosage per treatment, and you might need to purchase multiple rounds for each attempt.

However, do not attempt to cut corners with your medications. Doing so may save a relatively small amount of money upfront but could lead to higher costs in the future (additional cycles after failed attempts).

Investing in medication success is often a better alternative.

Gender Selection

The cost of gender selection with IVF ranges from $3,000 to $5,000 without insurance. This optional family balancing treatment is typically self-pay. Even plans subject to legal mandates decline to cover elective gender selection procedures.

However, couples may choose gender selection for medically necessary reasons – which could compel a healthcare plan to cover the optional treatment. Work with your reproductive endocrinologist to submit a narrative to your carrier for pre-authorization. For example, these sex-linked diseases could result in an approved claim

-   Muscular dystrophy and hemophilia can affect the male offspring of mothers with the inherited disorder
-   Parents who are carriers of Fragile X Syndrome or Autism can choose the gender that is less severely expressed by the disorder

Further Reading Resources

-   Donor Egg Success Rates
-   PGD Gender Selection

question: What is IVF?

answer: In Vitro Fertilization

question: What influences the cost of IVF?

answer:
The amount of insurance the state one lives in provides/allows.
Optional services such as donor eggs and sperm, gender selection, medications, and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.

question: Who is the target audience for this article?

answer: It seems the target audience would be a person curious about IVF treatment costs.

question: Does insurance cover the cost of IVF?

answer: Each state has different requirements for IVF insurance coverage. It seems that the state of New Jersey has the best coverage.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Access to insurance coverage has a huge impact on the cost of In Vitro Fertilization treatments in the USA. Each state has different requirements for IVF insurance coverage. It seems that the state of New Jersey has the best coverage. Optional services such as donor eggs and sperm, gender selection, medications, and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection also influence the cost of IVF.


text:
You're working at a corner store during the summer to save money for when you have to go back to college in August. It's not a hard job. Ring items up. Put them in a bag. When it's time to go home you turn off the lights and lock up the store. It's not much but it's a job.

You're not quite an adult, not quite a boy. Sure, you're legally an adult, but you don't pay bills. You're really only working at this place so you can afford to have fun when you go back to school. You have about an hour left on your shift, and you're spending it watching soap operas you can't understand and eating candy bars you haven't paid for. That's when he walks in the door.

This is the guy that made your childhood a living hell. He's not quite an adult, not quite an child, but he's more of an adult than you. He's the same age as you. Same grade. You haven't seen him in years, but you've heard some things. You know he got married out of high school, and was divorced soon after. You know he has a kid that he struggles to support. And just looking at him you know you're far better off than him. Finally.

You see this guy in front of you. The reason why you chose to walk three miles to school instead of take the bus. The reason why you faked sick so many days back in middle school, and the reason you ditched so many classes in high school. You see this guy in front of you, and you can't help but be a little happy. You can see the gap of time from when you last saw each other hasn't been kind to him. He's fat now. He looks dirty. His clothes are the same ones that he wore in high school only worn down with time. He still has hair only now it just sits in a tangled heap on top of his head. He has a beard that looks like it's there because he can't afford to shave. And even his voice sounds like it's degraded. If you hadn't known him before now you might have mistaken him for a bum wandering in the store for some alcohol.

Which isn't too far off.

This man that made you kneel in dog shit in elementary school. This guy who used to take your lunch money. This guy who would make fun of you until you cried is walking up in down the aisles of the store. He makes his way to the alcohol section and starts combing over the different selection of beers.

He's taking a while so you let your mind wander for a bit. You think of those women in those soap operas you can't understand. How you wouldn't mind having women like *that* at your school. You think about what it would be like to act on one of those shows. You think about how you used to love acting in school plays when you were younger until this homeless looking guy looking for beer in your store harassed you about it. How he'd call you a faggot or queer. How he caused you to have such bad anxiety when you tried to act that you simply couldn't do it anymore. You think of nervous you felt when he was around that he caused you to stutter. Which of course only led to more insults.

This guy who used to beat the shit out of you anytime he could. This guy who told all your friends that they were losers for hanging out with you finally chooses his beer and brings it to your cash register. And of course it's one of those bad beers. Six beers for six dollars. And of course it's beer.

Cheap beer.

High school beer.

And as your ringing him up you think of how much fun you used to have at parties until he started showing up. Until he held you under his arm and poured beer over your head in front of the whole party. You think of how many parties you must have missed because of that incident.

And this guy who made you the self-conscious, self-loathing wreck you are today asks for a pack of cigarettes too. Of course he wants cigarettes. And as you ring him up you can smell the quality of his life. Cigarette smoke, alcohol,  and body odor. His smell is his life. And as he goes to reach in his wallet you can't help, but notice a couple of his fingers are missing. Partially. The last joint on his index and middle finger. The second joint on his ring. Gone. And of course he can't help but notice you noticing.

Construction accident.

These words he mutters under his breath before he collects his things and turns to leave. And for a moment you feel bad for him. You pity him. He makes you hate him more, because you can't really hate him. And as he turns to leave he asks you a questions that takes away all the pity you just had for him.

*Do you have any jobs available?*

This man who made cry most nights out of fear during elementary school. This guy who is the reason your parents wanted to sign you up for therapy. This guy who made you contemplate ending your life in high school is asking you for a fucking job. Your fucking job.

And you take a moment to take it in. A thousand different responses flood your brain, but it's difficult to select the right one. So you decide to answer his question with a question.

*Do you know who I am?*

You ask wanting a response, but not expecting an answer. And the man pauses for a moment before answering. He looks at your face. Into your eyes. He looks at you with a blank expression on his face before answering no.

title: Bully

question: Where is the narrator working?

answer: At the corner store as a clerk

question: Who does the narrator see come into the store to shop?

answer: The person who bullied him in school

question: What does the narrator reflect on as the bully shops?

answer: All the humiliating experiences the bully made him endure

question: What does the bully ask the narrator before leaving the store?

answer: If there are any jobs available

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is a college student on summer break, working as a clerk at the corner store. He sees the bully from his old school come into the store to shop and reflects on all the horrible memories. Before leaving, the bully asks if there are any available jobs, not recognizing the narrator.


text:
The MICHIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL ELECTION OF 2006 took place on November 7, 2006, to elect the Attorney General of Michigan. Incumbent Mike Cox became the first Republican in over 50 years to be elected Attorney General and was seeking to become the first Republican since the amending of the Michigan Constitution to be re-elected. Despite a 2005 scandal where Cox announced he had an extramarital affair before becoming Attorney General[1] Cox won re-election easily, defeating Democratic nominee Amos Williams, taking 54 percent of the vote.[2]

Republican Party

Candidates

-   Mike Cox, Michigan Attorney General

Democratic Party

Candidates

-   Amos Williams

Minor parties

Libertarian Party

-   Bill Hall [3]

U.S. Taxpayers Party

-   Charles F. Conces[4]

General election

Results

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: 2006 Michigan Attorney General election

question: When was the 2006 Michigan Attorney General election?

answer: November 7, 2006

question: Who was the incumbent in the 2006 Michigan Attorney General election?

answer: Mike Cox

question: What scandal has Mike Cox been involved in?

answer: In 2005, Mike Cox announced he had an extramarital affair.

question: Who won the 2006 Michigan Attorney General election?

answer: Mike Cox

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Michigan Attorney General Election of 2006 took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Mike Cox retained his office.


text:
Cosmetic Dentist in Scottsdale, AZ

Home_/_Cosmetic Dentist in Scottsdale, AZ

About Todd Mabry, DDS

[]Dr. Todd Mabry earned his bachelor of science degree in biology from the University of Arizona in May 1995. He then graduated from Marquette University School of Dentistry located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in May 1999. After receiving his doctor of dental surgery (DDS) degree, he completed his residency in Southern California specializing in reconstructive and cosmetic dentistry. Upon completion of his studies, Dr. Mabry returned home to Arizona and opened his Scottsdale practice in March 2003.

[]Dr. Mabry was raised in Phoenix and enjoys volunteering in the local community. He is a volunteer dentist at the John C. Lincoln Children’s Dental Clinic, where his father has been a practicing physician at the hospital for more than 30 years. Dr. Mabry is also involved in the Give Kids a Smile® program through the Arizona Dental Association that provides dental care to underserved children. Furthermore, he is on the Board of Smile Beyond the Bars—a non-profit, faith-based organization committed to changing the lives of former inmates by enhancing the appearance of their smiles with dental implants and various other tooth restoration options. In 2017, he was presented a “Smile Maker Award” for the exceptional care he provided as part of Smile Beyond the Bars.

Dr. Mabry is an Arizona licensed dentist and an active member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, American Dental Association, Arizona Dental Association, Spear Dental Study Club and Spear Continuing Education Center. He has also been recognized as a Top Dentist by Phoenix Magazine in 2014 and 2015, and he regularly lectures to dental hygiene students about restorative dentistry. In his free time, he enjoys golfing, road biking, mountain biking, running, swimming, hiking, skiing and generally enjoying the outdoors and spending time with his wife, family and friends.

For each and every individual, Dr. Mabry takes a big picture approach to dental care, aiming to promote long-term stability and oral health. Whether you are experiencing dental pain, seeking to resolve chronic bad breath or wanting to improve the appearance and/or function of your teeth, Dr. Mabry will treat you with the care and compassion you deserve while helping you achieve exceptional, lasting results.

My experience with this practice has been totally positive. Every person in this group – from the receptionist to Dr. Mabry – is friendly, positive and concerned about each patient’s comfort and knowledge of the procedures. Highly recommend to anyone wanting a positive experience with dentistry!

Dr. Mabry’s Passion For Cosmetic Dentistry

Dr. Mabry discovered his passion for dentistry by accompanying his mother—who was a dental hygienist in the Valley—to her job when he was a kid. He was always intrigued with the work she performed as well as what the dentist was able to do for patients in a single day. This experience, combined with his love of working with his hands, led Dr. Mabry to pursue a career in dentistry, which he finds to be an incredibly fulfilling profession.

In Dr. Mabry’s free time, he enjoys golfing, road biking, mountain biking, running, swimming, hiking, skiing and generally enjoying the outdoors and spending time with his wife, family and friends.

Dr. Todd Mabry is an Arizona licensed dentist and an active member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, American Dental Association and Arizona Dental Association. He has also been recognized as a Top Dentist by Phoenix Magazine in 2014 and 2015.

  “I love cosmetic dentistry and being able to improve a patient’s smile! People who smile with confidence don’t really understand what it’s like to avoid smiling because of a cosmetic issue. Throughout my years in practice, I’ve come to truly appreciate what these individuals feel on a daily basis, and being able to hear them say something like, ‘I have not been able to smile like this ever!” after seeing their transformation is very rewarding.”

A cosmetic dentist has training in general and restorative treatments but is also specialized in cosmetic techniques that are designed to improve the aesthetics of your smile. Oral health should always be considered the foundation of beautiful teeth and gums. Using state-of-the-art solutions such as porcelain veneers and porcelain crowns, cosmetic dentists can use their honed artistic skill to rejuvenate the appearance of the smile with natural-looking results. By choosing a cosmetic dentist, you can feel confident that both the function and the form of your smile will be considered during your dental treatments.

Dr. Mabry In The News

Dr. Mabry discusses the sugar content of popular drinks

Questions To Ask Your Cosmetic Dentist

Choosing the best cosmetic dentist for your needs can have a significant impact on your satisfaction. Not all cosmetic dentists have the same educational background, experience or credentials. Spend some time researching your potential dentists. To help you in this endeavor, Dr. Mabry has compiled a list of questions to ask your cosmetic dentist during your initial appointment:

-   Which cosmetic procedure or procedures do you perform the most frequently?
-   What area of dentistry did you focus on during your education?
-   Are you involved in any continuing education coursework to remain up-to-date with the latest techniques and technology?
-   Are you a member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD)?
-   Do you have before-and-after photos of previous patients?
-   Are there any oral health treatments that should be performed before my cosmetic procedure?
-   What dental laboratory do you partner with, and what materials are used to make restorations like veneers and crowns?
-   How long can I expect the results of my cosmetic dentistry procedure to last?
-   How much will my procedure cost?
-   Do you offer any dental financing options?

At the end of your preliminary consultation, you should feel comfortable with your cosmetic dentist and confident in his or her ability to meet your expectations. If you have any reservations, do not hesitate to continue your search for a cosmetic dentist who is better suited for you.

If you would like to ask Dr. Mabry a question regarding your personal dental history, cosmetic dentistry and techniques, or general dental hygiene, please feel free to send him an e-mail by visiting our website’s “Contact Us” page. Dr. Mabry will respond within 24 hours. If you have a more immediate question, get in touch with our office by phone at (480) 582-1358.

In cases of medical emergency, please dial 911.

question: What does the text say about Todd Mabry's passions?

answer: Dr. Mabry's passion for dentistry was discovered while accompanying his mother at her job when she was a dental hygienist. He was always fascinated by her work and by the work performed by the dentist. He combined this admiration with his love for working with his hands. Dr. Mabry is also passionate about volunteering in his local community. He is a volunteer dentist and is involved in a program that provides dental care to underserved children.


text:
WOLFGANG BLENK (28 July 1926, Dornbirn, Austria – 20 July 1996, Dornbirn) was an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) in Vorarlberg. He was, from 1970 to 1990, was a member of the National Council of Austria for the ÖVP.

Political Work

After attending grammar school in his hometown of Dornbirn, Blenk studied jurisprudence at the University of Innsbruck, where he received his doctorate in 1949. Blenk was a member of the KMV Siegberg Dornbirn, Cartellverband, and the AV Austria Innsbruck.

He then was the successive director of legal policy department of the Chamber of Commerce of Vorarlberg, an Austrian trade delegate in Rome and Istanbul, Head of the Foreign Trade Unit of Southern Europe in the Federal Economic Chamber, Section Manager of Industry Chamber of Commerce Vorarlberg and head of the economics department of the Vorarlberg Chamber of Commerce.

From 1966 onward, Blenk was a member of the city council in his hometown, which he remained until 1970. By 1976, he was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, where he was chairman of the 1981 European People's Party Group.

Blenk was appointed as a national councilman on 31 March 1970 for more than 20 years for six legislative periods. It was not until 4 November 1990 that Blenk left the parliament and retired. He died on 20 July 1996 in Dornbirn.

His daughter, Andrea Kaufmann (née Blenk), is the current mayor of Dornbirn.

Awards

-   1978: Großes Goldenes Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich[1]

[1] Aufstellung aller durch den Bundespräsidenten verliehenen Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ab 1952 (PDF; 6,9 MB)

title: Wolfgang Blenk

question: Who was Wolfgang Blenk?

answer: Wolfgang Blenk was an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party.

question: When did Blenk join politics?

answer: Blenk became a member of the National Council of Austria in 1970.

question: For how long was Blenk a member of the city council?

answer: 4 years.

question: At what post did Blenk retire and when?

answer: Blenk retired as a national councilman on 4 November 1990.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Wolfgang Blenk was an Austrian politician, a member of the National Council of Austria for the Austrian People's Party, from 1970 to 1990.

Blenk earned a doctorate at the University of Innsbruck in 1949.

After a number of roles in the foreign, legal, economic, and trade chambers, Blenk became a member of the city council in 1966. Soon, by 1976, he was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Blenk retired as a National councilman on 4 November 1990 and died in Dornbirn in 1996.


text:
[VThaisalad wioth tofu6]

Deliciously fragrant, vibrant & nutritious!

I love Thai food & after the blog interest in my Thai beef salad, I wanted to make a satisfying vegan version. I have added firm tofu slices, but these can be omitted if you are not a fan.

[VThai salad 4]

WHY AT TOFU?

Tofu is made from soybean curds & is naturally gluten-free, low-calorie & cholestrol-free, making it a fantastic source of iron & protein-especially for vegans & vegetarians. This Thai salad will also appeal to those wanting to have a raw food diet, since it does not require cooking. (It also makes it very quick to whip up!).

I love this Thai salad as it combines flavours (zing from the lime, warmth from the ginger, fragrance from the fresh coriander & spring onion, with the comforting backdrop of creamy coconut milk) with lovely crunchy textures (crunchy vegetables, cashews) & vibrant colour.

It also makes use of your spiraliser! You can get a cheap pencil sharpener style spiraliser

[imgres]or desktop one with a lifetime guarantee on Amazon! If you do not have a spiraliser, you can use a peeler to make strip-like peelings instead.

Now who said salads were boring?!

[VThaisalad19]

_Serves: 2 hungry people or 3 people as a main meal_

_Preparation time: 10-15 mins_

_Ingredients:_

_Salad:_

_2 medium carrots, spiralised_

_2 large courgettes, spiralised_

_120g beansprouts_

_1 1/2 large red peppers or 2 if medium, sliced into thin strips_

_4 spring onions, sliced diagonally, reserve some for decoration_

_Dressing:_

_2 plump garlic cloves, peeled & crushed_

_25g fresh root ginger, finely chopped_

_Juice from 1 lime_

_28g packet of fresh coriander, finely chopped_

_1 plump red chilli, finely chopped (seeds in if you want it hotter!)_

_120ml coconut milk_

_2 tsp honey or agave_

_2tbsp  Tamari or vegan soy sauce_

_60g raw cashews_

_Ground black pepper_

_To serve: some sliced spring onion & a sprinkling of ground flaxseeds_

_Optional: Firm tofu slices (ready to eat)_

Method: Make the salad.

In a large bowl mix together the spiralised carrot, courgettes with the beansprouts, sliced red pepper & most of the spring onion (reserving some back for a garnish).

[VThaisalad14]

Make the dressing: In a small bowl mix together the crushed garlic, finely chopped root ginger, lime juice, finely chopped coriander, chopped red chilli, coconut milk, honey. Season with plenty of ground black pepper.

[VThaisaladdressing2]

Pour 3/4 of the dressing onto the salad mix, along with raw cashews & combine (reserve a little of the dressing to decorate). Plate up: put some of this dressed salad on each plate. I like to sprinkle a little ground flaxseed on top to add to the nutritive value.

Then if using: slice up tofu into slices. Arrange on top of the salad. Drizzle over with some of the dressing. Garnish with raw cashews & spring onion slices.

[VThai saladwithtofu5]

Pretty as a picture!

[VThaisalad10]

Delicious without the tofu too

[VThaisalad1ithtofu3]

Great for packed lunches or as a dinner party starter too!

Don’t forget you can find my favourite recipes in my FREE eBook here.

Vegetarian Pad Thai

By adding buckwheat noodles to the Thai salad, you can make this dish also another favourite dish of mine: into Pad Thai! Garnish with a few toasted black sesame seeds (as shown in photo).

[Padthai1]

Great for your lunch box too!

Great served with a wedge of lime!

Don’t forget you can find my favourite recipes in my FREE eBook here.

question: Why did the author add tofu to the recipe?

answer: The author wanted to create a Thai beef salad that was vegan. Tofus is made from soybean curds and is naturally gluten free, making a it a fantastic source of iron and protein for vegans and vegetarians. This recipe can also appeal to those which have a raw food diet.

question: List the ingredients of the salad.

answer: Two carrots, two courgettes, 120 grams beansprouts, one and a half red peppers, four spring onions, two garlic cloves, 25 grams of ginger, one red chilli, coconut milk, fresh coriander, agave or honey, Tamari vegan soy sauce, cashews, and ground black pepper.

question: What is spiralising in the recipe?

answer: A spiraliser is a device similar to a pencil sharpener. Presumably it shaves vegetables into spirals. The carrots and courgettes are meant to be spiralised.

question: Summarize the method of making the recipe.

answer: Mix together carrot, courgettes, beansprouts, red pepper and spring onion. Make the dressing from the crushed garlic, ginger, lime juice, chopped coriander, red chilli, coconut milk and honey. Season with ground pepper. Pour the dressing on the salad. Then put the tofu slices on top. Pour more dressing on the salad.


text:
	Kurt was taking his time walking down the street, his feet moving him ever forward as small droplets of water fell down from the sky, splashing all across the city. Everyone around him was rushing, with umbrellas, hoods, newspapers covering their heads. Kurt's sweatshirt had a hood, but he didn't think of placing it over his head. The cold orbs of water felt nice running down his shaggy brown hair, dropping off of curls in front of his face, onto his nose and then down to the ground with a “plop.” The water had just started to fall from the sky, but, unlike most times it rains, it did not start off slowly. There was no build up toward the release. One moment, no rain, the next, it felt like the massage setting on a shower head. Kurt forgot where it was he was going, but continued walking anyway, to get his feet wet. As people ran by, they looked at him oddly, as if he was insane to act as he did.
	After about thirty seconds, Kurt's clothes were soaked through. His hair was dripping completely, it looked as if head been in a shower for a few minutes. His sweatshirt clung to his body, dark gray from the moisture. In the pockets of his jeans his cell phone had short-circuited, the water had soaked into the electronics and caused too much energy to be placed on the motherboard, killing it forever. Kurt didn't care. He didn't notice that fact until a day later, when he went to clean up, and the phone fell from his pocket to the floor. His feet kept leading him down the street, which was growing increasingly familiar to Kurt, as he looked around him. He still did not know where he was going, but let his feet lead him.
	After five minutes of walking in the rain, his feet brought him in front of the door to an apartment building. The building he recalled knowing, but he did not know where from. Water still dripped down his brow to his nose, and off to make a “plop” in the puddle created under his feet. It was still raining, but a canopy provided relief. Kurt's right hand made its way to his pocket, where it found cold metal, damp from the cloth around it. The metal fit into the door in front of him, and his feet pulled him into the stair well, and up the stairs in front of him. He left a trail of water as his feet trotted up the steps, one by one.
	Everything around him he knew well, but Kurt could not figure out why. His feet had brought him in front of a door now. On the door were the numbers four, zero, and seven. His right hand lifted up, and knocked twice. The sound of flesh on wood was thick and loud, echoing down the hall. The water dripping off of Kurt soaked a floor mat that read “Welcome!” Kurt heard some shuffling inside, and the door opened. Standing there, staring at Kurt was a woman. Kurt remembered her. She stood in the doorway, wearing gray sweat pants and a t-shirt much too big for her. Her auburn hair was tied above her head in a ponytail that reached down past her shoulders. Her eyes were puffed and red. Inside the room, Kurt could see tissues and an open bottle of wine on the coffee table. He looked at her and said quietly,
	 “Angela... You're beautiful. Marry me.”
	“Fuck off.”
	Water went “plop” on the now-soaked floor mat.
	The door slammed shut, followed by the sound of metal clinking with metal.  Kurt turned, and started walking back down the stairs. As he got to the bottom, he realized that it looked brighter outside. When he walked out of the apartment, he looked up into the clouds. They were thinner. Water dripped from his nose and went “plop.” His eyes were red and puffy.

title: This is the first story I have written in the longest time. I give you: Plop

question: What does the story say about how Kurt feels?

answer:
Kurt seems confused. He is walking in the rain but he does not place a hood over his head. Kurt forgot where it was he was going, but continued walking anyway. People look at him oddly, as if he is insane to act as he did. His cellphone is wet, but he does not care. He comes to a building he recalls knowing, but he does not know where from. He enters, comes to a door, knocks, and a woman opens the door. Kurt proposes to her, but she rejects him.
Then he leaves.

question: What does the story say about the girl's character?


text:
 By Cory Bennett - 11/05/14 05:03 PM EST

Former CIA officer Will Hurd on Tuesday became perhaps the first person to jump from the cybersecurity industry to Congress.

An African-American Republican, Hurd EDGED OUT incumbent Pete Gallego[]Pete Pena Gallego4 Texas GOP congressional primary runoffs to watch GOP candidate scores upset win in Texas state Senate runoff Koch group launches digital ads in tight Texas House race MORE (D) in Texas’ 23rd district, running mostly on his career as an undercover CIA operative, but also touting his current job as senior adviser at cybersecurity vendor FusionX.

According to reports, Hurd will become the first black lawmaker from the 23rd Texas district since Reconstruction, an area that stretches from San Antonio to El Paso, where border security is a perennial concern.

In an election cycle that didn’t feature much cybersecurity discussion, Hurd was the exception.

When given the chance to give the WEEKLY GOP ADDRESS last month, he highlighted the issue.

“We need to make border security, countering drug traffickers and fighting cyber criminals all national priorities," he said.

The security industry has consistently argued Congress’s technical naiveté hinders its ability to propose productive cybersecurity legislation. Given the technical skill set required, industry experts insist they are best equipped to establish cyber defense standards.

Hurd worked with FusionX to advise large retailers, financial institutions and manufacturers on their cybersecurity approach.

While at the CIA, he was stationed in South Asia and Middle East, where he focused on cybersecurity and counterterrorism intelligence gathering missions.

[TheHill.com]

The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax

The contents of this site are ©2020 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.

question: Who was elected on Tuesday at the time of the article?

answer: Will Hurd.

question: What is Hurd known for?

answer: Being the first person to jump from the cybersecurity industry to the US Congress.

question: Which district does Hurd serve?

answer: The 23rd Texas district.

question: What has most of Hurd's career been as?

answer: An undercover CIA operative.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about the election of William Hurd, the first person to move from cybersecurity to Congress. It discusses Hurd's past career, the history of the congressional district in Texas that he represented, and his party affiliation.


text:
[Edward St John Neale, British Chargé d'Affaires in Japan in 1864] [Lieutenant-Colonel Neale in 1863] [Franco-Anglo-Japanese conference on the French ship _Sémiramis_, 2 July 1863, following the Namamugi incident
_Forefront:_ French interpreter Blekman, Japanese interpreter.
_Background (from left to right):_ Three Japanese governors of Yokohama, Duchesne de Bellecourt, _Daimyō_ Sakai-Hida-no-Kami, Colonel Neale (British representative in Japan), Admiral Jaurès, Admiral Kuper ] [Colonel Neale led the Bombardment of Kagoshima, on board the flagship _Euralyus_ in August 1863.]

EDWARD ST. JOHN NEALE (1812–1866) was a British Lieutenant-Colonel and Diplomat who was active in Asia in the 1860s. He was the Chargé d'affaires of Great Britain in Japan in 1862–1863. Neale, who had been stationed in Beijing from 1860 as Secretary of the Legation following the settlement of the Second Opium War,[1] was transferred to Japan in March 1862, when Rutherford Alcock went home on leave. Alcock returned to Japan in 1864 (to be replaced by Sir Harry Parkes as British Minister in Japan in 1865).

Actions in Japan

Following the murder of Charles Lennox Richardson in September 1862, Neale exercised great caution in his response to the Japanese authorities, earning the furious opprobrium of the Western community in Yokohama, who called for immediate retribution. He was eventually vindicated by the British Government and appointed CB in 1863 for his coolness.[2] In March 1863, the Emperor of Japan issued the Order to expel barbarians, which led Neale to issue an ultimatum to the Japanese government, which was on the brink of starting a war with foreign powers in order to return to the isolation policy.[3] Neale was extremely vocal when the Bakufu, under pressure from the Emperor, was finally forced to issue a declaration promulgating the end of relations with foreigners. The order was forwarded to foreign legations by Ogasawara Zusho no Kami on 24 June 1863.[4] Lieutenant-Colonel Neale, responded in very strong terms, equating the move with a declaration of war:

A few days later, on 2 July 1863, Colonel Neale led the negotiations for the reparations following the 1862 Namamugi incident, in which foreigners were attacked and one killed by a party from Satsuma,[5] The failure of Satsuma to apologize and pay for reparations led to the Bombardment of Kagoshima by the Royal Navy in August 1863, in which Neale participated on board the flagship _Euralyus_.[6]

Modern appraisal

Neale recently received a rather mixed review in the 2004 book by Cortazzi on the relations between Japan and Great Britain:

Notes

[1] Cranmer-Byng, p.64

[2] Denney, p.415ff _et al_

[3] New York Times, 19 May 1863

[4] “The orders of the Tycoon, received from Kyoto, are to the effect that the ports are to be closed and the foreigners driven out, because the people of the country do not desire intercourse with foreign countries.”|Missive of Ogasawara Dzusho no Kami, 24 June 1863. Quoted in _A Diplomat in Japan_, Ernest Satow, p75

[5] Polak, p.92

[6] Rennie p.382

title: Edward St. John Neale

question: What does the text say about the actions in Japan?

answer: The text describes Neale's actions in his response to the Japanese authorities, after the murder of Charles Lennox Richardson. He proceeded with great caution with the Japanese authorities. Neale was then vindicated by the British Government and appointed CB for his coolness. A war between the British government and Japan almost started when Neale issued an ultimatum to the Japanese government when they issued an order to expel barbarians.

question: Summarize the most interesting facts in the text.

answer: The most interesting facts in the text revolve around Neale's career. Neale being stationed in Beijing as the Secretary of the Legation started his career with negotiating with Japanese authorities. His career led him to be an important resource for negotiations between Great Britain and Japan. It was also interesting to read how Neale participated in the bombardment of Kagoshima by the Royal Navy in August 1863.


text:
[Title Pending]

The chilled winds of November blew the hardest they had all year. Simple contact of bare skin would leave you with goosebumps. But she didn't care. She was sixteen and she was independent. What better of a place to be for an independent teenage girl than the bus stop at midnight? Lucy was the average teenager, despite her claims of uniqueness. Her hair was multiple shades of multiple colors, and her jeans were ripped because that was “the style”.

Her mother didn't care where she was. Lucy always came back by the morning. Why would tonight be different? And thus her routine remained the same as always. Bed by eleven, phone off, and doors unlocked for Lucy. She would never know until morning.

The TANK was taking too long. And Lucy was getting stressed. Four, she had four cigarettes left. She'd have to get more in the morning.  After two drags she was calming down, but still no bus in sight. Lucy suspected some cripple was slowing it down.

Another drag, but her thoughts were not on her cigarette. It was on the noise coming from the bush beside her. It almost sounded as if something where moving in there. Adrenaline was already flowing throughout her. Another drag to calm herself, but the tobacco caused the opposite effect. Then it stopped. No more noise at all. No more wind, no more sound from anything besides herself.

“What's a young thing like you doing out on a night like this? And don't you know that tobacco kills? Stupid girl.” She hadn't expected him; he stood at least a foot above her. And he had startled her. Lucy was out of words, and her adrenaline wasn't helping. So she took a drag.

“It's like you didn't hear me at all. I said they kill!” He was shouting now. Then he advanced toward her in one smooth stride. She threw the only thing she had at him, her cigarette. He caught it as if he had expected her to throw it. As he clenched his fist Lucy could see the cigarette go out in his skin. But he showed no pain toward the burning ash in his palm. He simply tossed it aside into the bush.

“Now that wasn't too hard was it Lucy?” He had said her name. The bus still hadn't come. Lucy had one plan, run. As she turned she collided with another figure. She never saw his face, and she never let out a scream.

title: [Title Pending]

question: Where was Lucy coming from, and where was she headed to?

answer: It's uncertain where she was coming from - she might've gone to a rave or visited a friend, and it appears she was headed home.

question: Why was Lucy out so late at night?

answer: It could be that she went partying. According to the article, Lucy has a habit of staying out late, like a typical teenager trying to live life.

question: Why didn't Lucy's mother seem to care about her daughter's carefree lifestyle?

answer: It appears she became accustomed to her daughter's reckless way of life, so she tries to stay out of her way, probably believing it's a phase or it could be that she's an irresponsible mum.

question: Who was the man who appeared from the bushes, and how did he know Lucy?

answer: No sufficient information was given in the article to describe and provide background information about the man and his familiarity with Lucy.

question: Were the men about to kidnap or harass Lucy?

answer: It is uncertain what their intentions for Lucy were. The author's idea for suspension might be to leave what happened to Lucy to the reader's imagination.

question: Why wasn't Lucy afraid of those men?

answer: She might've been scared but wanted to show a brave face, or she was too shocked to react. Either way, the story does not give sufficient information to understand her action.


text:
    [Congressional Record Volume 146, Number 123 (Thursday, October 5, 2000)]
    [House]
    [Pages H8896-H8897]
    From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

                                  {time}  1330
           RESTORE FEDERAL RECOGNITION TO THE MIAMI NATION OF INDIANA

      The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Quinn). Under a previous order of the
    House, the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Souder) is recognized for 5
    minutes.
      Mr. SOUDER. Mr. Speaker, this afternoon I have introduced a bill to
    restore the Federal recognition to the Miami Nation of Indiana.
      The Miami Nation of Indiana is one of our most historic Indian
    nations. Unfortunately, it is not currently recognized by the Federal
    Government. It is an ironic situation that we face. When Anthony Wayne
    won the battle of Fallen Timbers that lead directly to the Treaty of
    Greenville in 1795, the Miami Nation, at that point a defeated nation,
    entered into negotiations over a period of time with William Henry

    [[Page H8897]]

    Harrison in the Northwest Territory and the Federal Government, ceding
    millions of acres.
      Chief Richardville, the civil chief of the tribe, and Little Turtle,
    the war chief of the Miami Nation, did the best they could to keep as
    many Miamis in Indiana as possible, approximately at that point 800.
    The rest were transported in one of the many cases of mistreatment of
    Native Americans by the American Government, and moved across the
    Mississippi River.
      That tribe continued to be recognized and currently is basically the
    Miami of Oklahoma. They have completely at this point a distinctive
    history, a distinctive tribal form of government from the Miami Nation
    of Indiana. They moved across the Mississippi, then down into Oklahoma,
    have their own tribal governments and work with that, and occasionally
    even come in conflict with their brothers from Indiana over what to do
    with artifacts, over what things are important in the tribe. Because
    quite frankly, the Indiana Miami are not in many ways a traditional
    nation, in the sense they were not part of the reservation system that
    many other Indian tribes in America were part of.
      Their goals as a tribe are different. Theirs are predominantly
    historic and cultural goals as opposed to necessarily the same
    financial goals, because they are more or less integrated in, but that
    does not mean that they have not been a continual independent nation.
    Much of this is detailed in the book ``The Miami Indians of Indiana.''
    This particular book was given to me by Charles Bevington, or
    Meshintoquah, chief of the Pecongeah Clan of the Miami Nation of
    Indiana.
      And he, Chuck, still gets benefits from the treaty of Greenville from
    1795. His kids get benefits from the Treaty of Greenville; yet our
    government says they are not an Indian tribe. Now, wait a minute. If
    they are getting treaty benefits directly from 1795, this seems like a
    tad of a stretch.
      Let me make a couple of points with this: one is, they have been in
    continual relationship with the Federal Government, one of the
    standards to be an independent Indian nation. One of the problems was
    that in 1897, the Secretary of the Interior based on an opinion by a
    then assistant Secretary withdrew the acknowledgment of the Indiana
    Miamis as a tribe.
      Since then, Congress has never terminated this relationship. Since
    then, there has been an acknowledgment that that was an error in 1897.
    In 1990, the Department of the Interior specifically admitted that the
    opinion of Attorney General Van Devanter was incorrect and that the
    trust relationship of the Indiana Miamis was wrongfully terminated. In
    other words, in 1897 this was wrongfully done. They reappealed to the
    BIA and lost their appeal, because, apparently, some of the minutes
    from meetings in either the late 1950s or early 1960s were lost partly
    because the Secretary's house trailer burned and the Miami did not have
    records of their continual meetings they had. They had powwows in our
    district, and throughout parts of northern Indiana they have had a
    consistent form of tribal government. So we are basically looking at
    technicalities that have disqualified a nation that is one of our most
    historic.
      Let me give my colleagues a couple of examples. The famous Indian
    chief, Little Turtle, was one of the greatest warriors in American
    history. This is a drawing by a Miami of Indiana person who lives in
    Fort Wayne area, my hometown. What is interesting about this is, this
    is not a drawing that is contemporary of its period, because the only
    oil painting of Little Turtle was in the White House, and it was burned
    when the White House was burned in 1812 when James Madison was
    President. And it was by Gilbert Stuart.
      But this is a likeness drawn after that. Little Turtle is famous
    because on American soil, he is the only person to have defeated full-
    blown American armies authorized by this Congress, not once, but twice,
    bigger defeats, than Custard, bigger defeats than the Western,
    different things where Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull and all of those
    famous Indian chiefs, Little Turtle defeated American armies twice.
      George Washington said they had to get the junction of the rivers in
    what is now Fort Wayne but at that time was Kekionga, because it was
    the controlling of the Northwest territory and we would have never had
    a Lewis and Clark. We never would have had a Louisiana Purchase if we
    could not get control of the Northwest Territory. Little Turtle twice
    defeated those armies.
      He was victorious right near Eel River where his settlement was, and
    he also defeated La Balme from France, who was considered the foremost
    calvary officer in France.
      But then Little Turtle realized he was not going to be able to defeat
    Anthony Wayne. He stayed in the coalition with Blue Jacket and other
    Indian tribes, the Shawnee and others; but they were defeated at the
    battle of Fallen Timbers and that led to a change in the West. Little
    Turtle decided to work with the United States Government. Then the
    civil chief, Chief Richardville, also decided to work with the United
    States Government and in Fort Wayne. We hope within a few months this
    will be a national historic landmark; it is the oldest Indian treaty
    house east of the Mississippi still on its site.
      It is Chief Richardville's house. It is where the Miami Nation
    congregated. It was their civil chief. We also have Richardville's son-
    in-law Lafontaine, in an Indian house. After all, Indiana is named
    after the Indians, but we do not have respect and have not respected
    them enough.
      We have two treasures of these homes. This is apparently the only
    Native American home east of the Mississippi on its original site.
    Richardville and Little Turtle were in fact in essence punished because
    they stopped warring with the United States.
      It is time that the United States correct what are acknowledged
    wrongs in decertifying the Miami Nation in 1897, to reconcile the
    bookkeeping error. One last point, they have agreed by a 12 to zero
    council meeting to suspend their gaming rights. The act says that
    pursuant they will not pursue gaming in class 3, and only be allowed
    with expressed approval from Congress.
      It is unfortunate that true rights are being denied because of
    gambling, but they have agreed to suspend theirs.

                              ____________________

question: When was the Miami nation of Indiana decertified by the Federal Government?

answer: 1897.

question: When was a treaty first made with the Miami nation of Indiana?

answer: 1795.

question: Who was the European person who defeated the Miami?

answer: ["Mad"] Anthony Wayne.

question: Where does the other band of Miami Indians live today?

answer: Oklahoma.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The text is a speech given to call for the Federal recognition of the Miami tribe of Indiana, who were separated from their relatives after surrendering to Anthony Wayne in 1795. The speaker argues that they were disqualified on a technicality in 1895 and it is time for Federal recognition to be restored.