text:
The dental industry is warning Australians against embracing an overseas trend of spending big money to make good teeth imperfect.

An Australian Dental Association (ADA) official said he was worried the trend could sweep Australia.

Adelaide dentist Dr Peter Alldritt, the chair of the national oral health committee of the ADA, said wanting Dracula-like teeth could become a problem later.

"I think one of the common things which people think looks good is to have the canine teeth, which are the ones that are already a little bit pointy anyway, to have those made longer and pointier like a fang, a bit like a pair of Dracula teeth," he told 891 ABC Adelaide.

"That seems to be a trend that some people are doing. It's obviously a personal taste, it does not appeal to me at all."

There is anecdotal evidence local dentists are being asked about cosmetic procedures such as adding a 'London gap' between front teeth or the 'snaggletooth' trend popular among some young Japanese people.

Dr Alldritt said it seemed unsurprising since tattoos and body piercing had each become popular among Australians.

"People are doing different things to adorn their bodies these days, people are piercing all sorts of parts of their face and body, tattooing is an epidemic these days so I guess we have to accept that people want to do things to make themselves look different," he said.

"There was a time when there were little things, they called them tooth jewellery, and it was like a little ruby, probably a crystal and not a precious stone, but people would have a little gemstone or love heart bonded onto the front of their tooth. It wasn't really dentists putting them on, it was really something that was done by the beauty industry.

"That trend seems to have come and gone, which is good, because it is probably not that healthy having something stuck on your tooth with a bit of superglue."

No reversal option after some cosmetic procedures

[teeth ]

Dentists hope Australians will keep preferring straight teeth.(Flickr: david_shankbone)
Dr Alldritt said anyone considering the desirability of fangs or getting a gap between front teeth added cosmetically needed to consider the long term.

"Just consider what you're doing now to make yourself what you consider attractive now, what is that going to be like in a few years' time when you've changed your mind and the decision is irreversible?" he said.

"If you want to make a gap between your front teeth and you've got to drill away some of the healthy tooth in order to achieve that, that is totally irreversible.

"Enamel is like an insulator for your teeth. If you cut that enamel away or even thin it a bit your teeth will get more sensitive and then they can be more prone to decay as well."

The Adelaide dentist also warned of the potential for mouth or speech problems.

"If you had a couple of long Dracula teeth done, can you imagine how they would hang down onto your lower lip and obviously that would have to cause some irritation and probably some ulceration to your lip as well," he said.

"It's bound to alter the bite if you make one tooth irregular or oversized. Of course teeth will be hitting differently on each other, teeth will be getting different wear patterns on them so really I can't see any good that can come of this."

Asked about the possible effects on speech, Dr Alldritt said: "We even see that in people who have missing or crooked teeth because that's the way their teeth naturally formed."

He said people with naturally occurring dental problems needed orthodontic work which could be coupled with speech therapy to help them.

question: What is the dental industry warning Australians against?

answer: The dental industry is warning Australians against embracing an overseas trend of spending big money to make good teeth imperfect.

question: Where does dentist Dr. Peter Alldritt practice?

answer: In Adelaide

question: What is the tooth trend that Dr. Peter Alldritt is describing?

answer: He is describing the tooth trend of having the canine teeth be made longer and pointier like a fang, like Dracula teeth.

question: What could be some side effects of getting the Dracula teeth?

answer: The side effects could be potential mouth or speech problems.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the concern that Australian dentists have for the tooth craze people are having to make their canines longer and pointer, like fangs. The dentists describe the harm that can happen when making teeth like Dracula and how they hope Australians will prefer keeping their teeth straight.


split: train

text:
RICKUS HILL is a summit in St. Francois County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has an elevation of .[1] The peak lies about three miles southeast of Farmington. Wolf Creek flows past the north side of the peak and joins the St. Francis River to the east of the peak.[2]

Rickus Hill has the name of Frederick Rickus, the original owner of the site.[3]

[1]

[2] _Missouri Atlas & Gazetteer,_ DeLorme, 1998, First edition, p. 57,

[3]

title: Rickus Hill

question: What is Rickus Hill?

answer: A summit.

question: What is a summit?

answer: The ascension part of a mountain.

question: Where is Rickus Hill located?

answer: Missouri.

question: Which body of water flows past the north side of its peak?

answer: Wolf Creek.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Rickus Hill is a summit located in the state of Missouri in the United States. It gets its name from Frederick Rickus, the original owner of the site.


text:
ELENA ANDREEVNA NIKOLAEVA (, born 9 February 1983) is a Russian actress.

Biography

Elena Nikolaeva was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. She graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in 2006. Currently, she works in the State Theatre of Nations.

Personal life

Elena is married and has a son and a daughter.

Filmography

-   2007 _Roly-poly toy_ as Tanya
-   2007 _Pen and sword_ (TV Series) as Nastya
-   2008 _Kazaki-robbers_ (TV Mini-Series) as Sashka
-   2008 _Girl_ (TV Movie) as Lena Yartseva
-   2009 _Soundtrack of Passion_ as Vita
-   2009 _I'll be back_ (TV Series) as Gulya
-   2012 _Freud's method_ (TV Series) as Lidiya Fadeeva
-   2012 _While blooming fern_ (TV Series) as Olesya Murashova / Polina Murashova, twin sister of Olesya
-   2014 _Two winters and three summers_ (TV series) as Varvara Inyakhina

title: Elena Nikolaeva (actress)

question: Where was Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva born?

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva was born in Moscow.

question: Where did Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva go to school?

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva went to the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts.

question: Where does Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva work now?

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva works in the State Theatre of Nations.

question: What two things were Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva in 2008?

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva was in Kazaki-robbers and Girl in 2008.

question: Who did Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva play in Pen and sword?

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva played Nastya in Pen and sword.

question: When did Roly-poly toy come out?

answer: Roly-poly toy came out in 2007.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva is a Russian actress. She graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts and is currently working for the State Theatre of Nations. Included is a list of her filmography, starting in 2007.


text:
OLING is a populated place, [1] in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands.[2]

Oling's elevation is from sea level.[3]

Location

Within less than two kilometers of Oling is Garreweer (1.1 km), Tjamsweer (1.1 km) and Appingedam (1.9 km), in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands.[4] Groningen's is approximately away from Oling, and the distance from Oling to Amsterdam is approximately .[5] Oling is in Appingedam municipality.[6]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Oling, Netherlands

question: Where is Oling located?

answer: Oling is situated in the Netherlands.

question: How far is Oling from Garreweer?

answer: Less than two kilometers.

question: Which province is Oling a part of?

answer: Groningen province.

question: What is Oling's elevation from sea level?

answer: This information is not mentioned.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A Wikipedia page on a place called Oling.


text:
     The darkness engulfed my room as if I had suddenly gone blind for no reason. It was calm, and quiet. Nothing but the sound of the fan cooling me from the opposite end of the room. The fan was soothing for some reason. Like a glass of warm milk after a nightmare. It calmed me, and the cool breeze from its blades made it easier to sleep. I had a long day ahead of me tomorrow. The last day of school was finally in my grasp, and I was more excited than ever for summer. I had fallen asleep almost instantly.
     I usually never dreamt but tonight was different. I found the dream to take me to an airplane cockpit. There was a pilot and a man in a jumpsuit standing next to it. "Ready to jump?" the man shouted as he opened the plane door. A gust of wind flooded into the cockpit. "Remember, pull the blue chord, then the red chord!" he shouted at me. I nodded with an understanding of what to do. "Ready, JUMP!" the man shouted as he leaped out of the plane. I hesitated looking at the long drop below me. I took a deep breath and closed my eyes; I jumped.
       The wind pounded against my face as if someone had placed a jet engine in front of me. It stung my skin as it pounded against my mouth, nose, and eyes. It was horrific and terrifying.
     The man was no where to be seen. I panicked and decided to pull my parachute. I pulled the blue chord; nothing. I pulled the red chord; nothing. My parachute hadn't deployed. I began to freak out; my parachuted hadn't deployed and I was falling at around a hundred miles per hour towards solid ground. I was going to die. I frantically began looking over my jumpsuit for something that could possibly break my fall and save my life. A backup parachute perhaps. I remembered in lots of movies that the one who's parachute didn't deploy always had a backup parachute. I scoured my jumpsuit for something of such nature. I spotted a small handle with the inscription "emergency" on it. This had to be it. I frantically pulled it and a small parachute burst put of my suit. I was saved for the moment, but my trouble was not over. The chords that connected me to the parachute began to snap and break off. The parachute quickly disattached itself from my suit and flew away. I was falling again, and I was going to die for real this time. I looked down; the ground drew closer and closer by the second. I closed my eyes and prayed. When I opened them the ground was unimaginably close. Then everything went dark.
     "Wake up, you can't fall asleep on your last day of school," a voice said. I looked up to see Mr. Manson; my math teacher. I was in math class, drooling on my desk; oblivious to the world around me. I was at school; I was safe. I breathed a sigh of relief and sat up. It was time to learn and not sleep.
     The school intercom sounded; "Lockdown, I repeat this is not a drill, lockdown now!" Mr. Manson rushed everyone to get under their desks while he went under his. "Open up!" a strange voice shouted from outside the door. No one moved a muscle. The door then burst open with a cloud of smoke and fire. My ears were ringing so loud I could not hear anything. The man was shooting a machine gun into the room. I threw myself onto the ground in an attempt to save my life. The firing stopped as did the ringing in my ears. The man left the room. Cautiously I creeped from off the floor and looked around. "Hello?" I said with caution. There was no answer. I had stepped out of one nightmare and into another.
     Usually in a dream one could have control of the actions around them as if they were like a god, but this was no dream, this was a nightmare, and in nightmares, you're powerless. You can't even control your breathing. In this nightmare that man with the gun was the god of my subconscious. He decided who I was and what I did until he decided when the nightmare should be over. I had to find a way out.
     I frantically looked around the room for something to defend myself with. A pair of scissors or a small knife. I scoured the room. When I looked in the teacher's desk I found a gem: A 9mm pistol. I grabbed the pistol and looked outside the classroom door. The coast was clear. I ran for the next room; pistol ready.
     Everyone in the next few rooms were dead. Was I the only one left? Was I going to die here? Is the world like "A Nightmare on Elm Street" where if you die in your dreams you die for real? I prayed it wasn't. I continued down the stairs.
     Down the stairs was the man. He had just shot the janitor and a student. I had never met either of them, but my pity for them grew. I raised my gun to shoot the man. I cocked the gun. I began to sweat uncontrollably. I was about to kill another human being. I was about to take another person's life. I had to, it would set me free from this awful nightmare forever. I turned the safety off and pulled the trigger. 'Click;' nothing had happened. I began to panic. What if the man had heard the click? Was he going to turn around and shoot me instead? I prayed that was not the answer; it was. The man snapped around and pulled the trigger.
     I jolted awake covered in sweat and panting from the terrible nightmare. It was still dark in my room. I could only hear and feel the cold breeze from the fan on the opposite end of the room. I glanced at the clock which read one-thirty in the morning. I had five and a half hours until I had to go to school. Sleep alluded me for the time. I had just plugged in my headphones and watched the sun rise. Today was the last day of school, and I prayed the dream hadn't come true.

title: Nightmare (first real story; advice appreciated)

question: Summarize the negative events of this story.

answer: The entire story is a nightmare that the narrator experiences. In the first scene, the narrator is skydiving, but their parachute fails to deploy. As they crash into the ground, they emerge into the next scene, which is set in a school. A shooting is occurring. The narrator attempts to shoot the assailant, but the gun doesn't have any bullets.

question: Summarize the climax of the story.

answer: The climax of the story occurs when the narrator attempts to kill the assailant but fails. The gun they have does not fire. The assailant then turns around and shoots at the protagonist. The narrator then proceeds to wake up from the nightmare.

question: Explain the social commentary in this passage.

answer: The narrator's nightmare involves a shooting at their school. When they wake up, it is revealed that today is their last day of school. They hope that the nightmare doesn't come true, as school shootings have become a constant fear for many students in current society.


text:
A fearful and sweating man walks into an old stone church,
dips his hand into its water, painting a cross upon his shirt.
He continues pace 'til he meets the oldest and wisest of priests,
Bowing, Kneeling, revealing horns of the greatest beast.
He says "Father I've sinned and I've prayed, I've prayed and I've sinned,
yet no matter the strength of my prayer I sin again".
The priest being the oldest and wisest of suit,
couldn't help but chuckle thumping his small worn leather boot.
The man raised his head almost cracking his horns atop the ceiling,
nearly furious at how the priest was feeling.
He repeated once more what he had just said,
stroking the unearthly horns upon his head.
"Please father you see each time I sin my horns beginnto grow,
surely as sure as heaven you must know".
Once again the old priest stomped a worn boot and let out a laugh,
the man jumped from his knees, horns bright red displaying his wrath.
You damned old fool tell me the way,
to find the light to rid these horns that stay.
The old man nearly fell out of his seat.
Hunched over, hands waving, stomping his feet.
The man's horns grew twice as large and twice as red,
as they crackled like Hell's fire atop his head.
You know nothing, you're foolish, you're stupid, you're cruel,
laughing at my pain as if a dunce hat in school.
He turned craving holes in the stone roof above.
The old man grabbing his arm as he tossed and shoved.
He said, "I'm sorry young man but I could not refrain,
from the simpleness of the solution to solving you're pain.
You see though you have horns, you did not burn
when you walked these holy walls riddled with concern.
You did not smoke, choke, simmer, or sadder,
when you dipped your hands in the holiest of water.
You see these horns you touche, you taste, you feel,
have never truly been something real.
Though they weigh you down and hold you back,
the mark of the beast you seem to lack.
For you see every man has his horns, it is the most common of things,
for without our horns we would never appreciate wings.

title: Horns of a Sinner By NLawler

question: Why does the man go into the church?

answer: He wants the priest to get rid of the horns on his head.

question: Is the main character more than human?

answer: No, but he grows horns each time he sins.

question: Is there a conflict that is resolved?

answer: The priest laughs at the man, and the man becomes angrier and angrier as his horns continue to grow. The priest tells him that he's not a beast, and everyone has horns, but they're not real.

question: What emotions does the main character have?

answer: The main character is nervous to go into the church, and becomes angry while talking to the priest.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The poem explains a man who enters the church looking for an answer on how to get rid of the horns on his head. The horns grow larger each time he sins. The priest laughs at the man, and the man becomes angrier and angrier as his horns continue to grow. The priest tells him that he's not a beast, and everyone has horns, but they're not real. He continues to explain that without our horns, we wouldn't appreciate wings.


text:
Story highlights

-   "Supernatural" actor Misha Collins talks about closing out another year of his international scavenger hunt
-   This year, the hunt mobilized its forces to help people register to vote and tweet at Gov. Mike Pence about the dangers of smoking

(CNN)The work of a TV angel is seemingly never done.

On the CW's "Supernatural," Misha Collins' heavenly character possesses the ability to make the impossible happen. Thanks to his annual worldwide scavenger hunt, the same can be said about the actor himself. Of course, he has help from tens of thousands of his closest friends.

Saturday marks the end of the Greatest International Scavenger Hunt the World Has Ever Seen -- an event that Collins started five years ago to bring the show's passionate fandom together to raise money for his charity Random Acts. They also have a little fun, too.

"As we as a society have evolved, we have developed this dichotomy where we think that having fun is one thing and doing good is another -- that they're somehow mutually exclusive," Collins told CNN in a recent interview. "A big part of [our] message with GISHWHES and with Random Acts is that doing good not only can be -- but should be -- both gratifying and fun and potentially ridiculous and maybe embarrassing."

As in the past, the hunt challenges teams with creative and often off-beat tasks that range in difficulty. For example, one item this year asked teams to create shoes out of hollowed out pineapples. Another asked them to apply for and receive legal status or citizenship in a micronation.

Other items aim to mobilize the participants in more political ways, like helping people register to vote.

Oscar-winning actress Hilary Swank helped write an item that asked teams to take photos at the gravesites of loved ones who've died from smoking-related illnesses and tweet them to Republican vice presidential nominee and Indiana Gov. Mike Pence with #quitblowingsmokeabouttobacco.

Pence wrote an opinion piece in 2001 when tobacco legislation was being debated in Congress in which he stated "smoking doesn't kill."

Former Vermont Gov. Howard Dean criticized Pence's claim recently during his speech at the Democratic National Convention.

Hesitant as he was to "wade into the political fray," Collins said the issue was important enough to them to take a stand.

"At some point I think it becomes a civic responsibility and I think Pence and Trump crossed that threshold," he said. "So I am happy to put them in the GISHWHES crosshairs."

And crosshairs they are. Passionate scavenger hunters have ruffled a few feathers this year. When he asked participants to surprise his mother with in-person birthday wishes, he assumed a "trickle" of people would appear. Over 150 people showed up.

Collins said he's also received calls from a few overburdened space agencies asking him to remove an item asking teams to send a letter to space. He did not remove it.

"I am still surprised," Collins said of the power of GISHWHES. "We are being forced to be increasingly cautious about it. But I still want to have fun."

The money raised by Random Acts goes toward funding small projects across the globe with partner organizations, as well as the construction of a school in Nicaragua.

As part of the hunt, the team that accumulates the most points will join Collins for a trip to Iceland. The rest, simply bask in the glow of their good deeds and bizarre memories -- which Collins said is also a win.

"I think being silly and having fun and doing good are totally compatible."

question: Which show is Misha Collins on?

answer: Supernatural.

question: What is his character?

answer: An angel.

question: What's Collins' charity called?

answer: Random Acts.

question: What does the money they raise go toward?

answer: Funding small projects across the globe with partner organizations, as well as the construction of a school in Nicaragua.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: Actor Misha Collins may play an angel on the hit show "Supernatural", but in real life he does his share of charitable work as well. His foundation, Random Acts, funds small projects across the globe with partner organizations, as well as the construction of a school in Nicaragua. They hold an annual scavenger hunt that challenges teams with creative and often off-beat tasks that range in difficulty. Collins has waded into the political fray in some of these challenges, such as one that asked participants to take photos at the grave sites of loved ones who have died from smoking-related illnesses and tweet them at Mike Pence, who stated that "smoking doesn't kill". Other challenges have urged people to vote. The rewards for teams are big-such as a trip to Iceland-but Collins says participation in itself is a win.


text:
BLACK MATRIARCHY is a term for the black American families mostly led by women.

First usage

The issue was first brought to national attention in 1965 by sociologist and later Democratic Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, in the Moynihan Report (also known as _“The Negro Family: The Case For National Action”_).[1] Moynihan's report made the argument that the relative absence of nuclear families (those having both a father and mother present) in Black America would greatly hinder further Black socioeconomic progress.[2]

Statistics

A study of 1880 family structure in Philadelphia shows that three-quarters of Black families were nuclear families, composed of two parents and children.[3] In New York City in 1925, 85 percent of kin-related Black households had two parents.[4] In 1940, the illegitimacy rate for Black children was 19 percent.[5]

When Moynihan warned in his 1965 report of the coming destruction of the Black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among Blacks.[6] By 1991, 68 percent of Black children were born outside of marriage.[7] In 2011, 72 percent of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.[8][9]

Negativity

Some will disagree with the idea of a Black matriarchy because they see Black matriarchy being used in a derogatory way. The author of the article “The Myth of the Black Matriarchy” argues that black women were seen in a threatening way and their position in the family has resulted in the psychological castration of the black male and has produced a variety of other negative effects. These negative effects include low educational achievements, personality disorders, juvenile delinquency, etc.[10]

Effects of absent fathers

The father in the family structure is the foundation of that family system. The father should provide stability to the family which keeps the family in order and functioning.[11] A study by Don Lemon shows that about 67% of black children[12] are living in a household without their father. Fathers play an emotional role in families, and their absence can be detrimental to the development of their children. For young girls the absence of their fathers can influence how promiscuous the daughter is with her physical sexuality.[13] Also they may seek more attention from men and tend to have had more physical contact with boys than other girls their age.[14] It has been shown that boys without fathers tend to become gang affiliated more than those who have a two parent home.[15] In the oral survey the writer conducted with 25 black males ages 15 to 25 who had either been to jail, or on probation, or had a criminal record or had criminal charges 13 pending, it was found that 21 out of the 25 subjects were raised by a single mother. Seventeen of them said they thought that if their fathers were present during their upbringing, it could have made a difference in their lives.[16] These theories have been challenged by various collected data, including data shown by the Center for Disease Control (CDC).[17]

[1] Daniel P. Moynihan, _The Negro Family: The Case for National Action_, Washington, D.C., Office of Policy Planning and Research, U.S. Department of Labor, 1965).

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Walter Williams, “Victimhood: Rhetoric or reality?”, _Jewish World Review_, June 8, 2005.

[6]

[7] _National Review_, April 4, 1994, p. 24.

[8] Jesse Washington, “Blacks struggle with 72 percent unwed mothers rate”, NBC News, July 11, 2010.

[9] Jason L. Riley,“For Blacks, the Pyrrhic Victory of the Obama Era”, _Wall Street Journal_, November 4, 2012.

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

title: Black matriarchy

question: What does the text say about Black patriarchy?

question: What does the text say about Black matriarchy?

answer: Black matriarchy is a term for black American families mostly led by women. The issue was first brought to national attention in 1965 by sociologist and Democratic Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, in the Moynihan Report (also known as "The Negro Family: The Case For National Action). Some disagree with the idea of a Black matriarchy because they see the term being used in a derogatory way.

question: What does the text say about The Moynihan Report?

answer: The Moynihan Report, also known as "The Negro Family: The Case For National Action", was a 1965 report by sociologist and later Democratic Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan. He made the argument that the relative absence of nuclear families (those having both a father and mother present) in Black America would greatly hinder further Black socioeconomic progress. Moynihan warned of the coming destruction of the Black family, the out-of-wedlock birthrate was 25 percent among Blacks. By 1991, 68 percent of Black children were born outside of marriage. In 2011, 72 percent of Black babies were born to unwed mothers.

question: What does the text say about the effect of absent fathers?

answer: The father in the family structure is the foundation of that family system, providing the stability that keeps them in order and functioning. A study by Don Lemon shows that around 67 percent of Black children are living in a household without their father. Fathers play an emotional role in families and their absence can be detrimental to the development of their children. For young girls, the absence of their fathers can influence how promiscuous the daughter is with her physical sexuality, may seek more attention from men, and tend to have had more physical contact with boys than other girls their age. Boys without fathers tend to become gang-affiliated more than those who have a two-parent home.


text:
PALANI (or PAZHANI) (, is a town and a taluk headquarters in Dindigul district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located about south-east of Coimbatore, north-west of Madurai, and from Kodaikanal. The Palani Murugan Temple or Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple (Thiru Avinankudi), dedicated to Lord Murugan is situated on a hill overlooking the town. The temple is visited by more than 7 million pilgrims each year. As of 2011, the town had a population of 70,467 which makes it the second largest town in the district after Dindigul.

Etymology

The town derives its name from the compounding of two Tamil words _pazham_ meaning _fruit_ and _nee_ meaning _you_, a reference to poet Avvaiyar's song praising Lord Muruga which forms part of the legend of the Palani Murugan temple. Palani is pronounced using the retroflex approximant _ɻ_ (ழ) and is thus also spelt using the 'zh' digraph as “Pazhani”.

History

[Tamil Inscriptions at Pazhani Temple] References to the place exist in ancient Tamil devotional texts. According to Hindu mythology, “Sage Narada once visited the celestial court of Lord Sivan at Mount Kailash to present to Him a fruit, the _gyana-pazham_ (literally, the fruit of knowledge), that held in it the elixir of wisdom. Upon Lord Sivan expressing his intention of dividing the fruit between his two sons, Ganesha and Muruga, the sage counselled against cutting it. He decided to award it to whomever of his two sons first circled the world thrice. Accepting the challenge, Lord Murugan started his journey around the globe on his mount peacock. However, Ganesha, who surmised that the world was no more than his parents Shiva and Shakti combined, circumambulated them”.[1] Pleased with their son's discernment, Lord Shiva awarded the fruit to Lord Ganesha. When Murugan returned, he was furious to learn that his efforts had been in vain. He left Kailash and took up his abode in Palani hills in South India. It is believed that Murugan felt the need to get matured from boyhood and hence chose to remain as a hermit and discarded all his robes and ornaments. He went into meditation to know about himself.

Palani and most of Dindigul district were part of the Kongu Nadu region of the Tamil country. The northern part of the Palani and Oddanchatram taluks is held to have been part of the Anda Nadu sub-region, whereas the rest of the area constituted the Vaiyapuri Nadu. The area was under the influence of the rulers of Coimbatore and Madurai, at various points of time. In the 18th century, Hyder Ali and his son, Tippu Sultan ruled over the place before being annexed the British after the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Temples

[Thiru Avinan Kudi Temple]

Palani is home to one of the most sacred shrines of the Lord Muruga, as worshiped in the Hindu sect of _Kaumaram_. The Thandayudhapani Temple dedicated to Lord Murugan “Palani Andavar”, and regarded one of his _Arupadai Veedu_ (Six Battle Camps), is situated here.[2] The temple is situated atop a hill known as Sivagiri. The _Garbagriham_ is surmounted by a gold _gopuram_ and the walls of the Garbagriham have numerous stone inscriptions describing offerings made by devotees to the temple. Steps are hewn into the rock, besides a wide path meant for the ascent of elephants, up the hill. In addition, a winch pulled railway with three tracks and a rope way are operational. A temple is dedicated to Murugan near the foot of the hill by the name of _Thiru Avinan kudi_ which actually forms a part of the six abodes of Muruga (Arupadaiveedu). It is also called as Kulandai Velayudhaswami Thirukkovil.[3]

Besides this, right at the foot of the Sivagiri is a small shrine dedicated to the god Ganapathi, where he goes by the name _Pada Vinayakar_. It is customary amongst the pilgrims to pay their obeisances at this shrine before commencing their ascent of the hill.

Halfway up the hill, there is the Idumban shrine where every pilgrim is expected to offer obeisance to Idumban before entering the temple of Dandayudhapani. The practice of Pilgrims to Palani bringing their offerings on their shoulders in a kavadi is associated with the legend of Idumban.

Within the town is another temple dedicated to the Goddess Parvathi as _Periyanayaki Amman_. Near the Periya Nayaki Amman temple are two others - the _Mariyamman_ Temple and the _Perumal_ Temple. The former is particularly resorted to in times of epidemics, the goddess there being regarded as the protector against illnesses.

A short distance from the town is a temple dedicated to Shiva as _Periya Avudaiyar_.

The Kannadi Perumal Temple, dedicated to Vishnu, is a small temple situated on a hillock 9 km south of Palani, a short distance from the highway to Kodaikanal.

[Gold plated Gopuram]

Geography

The backdrop to the town is formed by an offshoot of the Western Ghats, the Palani Hills, whereon lies the hill-station of Kodaikanal. The view within the town is dominated by the two hills, Sivagiri and Sakthigiri, on the former of which lies the temple. At the foot of the hills lie several lakes which drain to the Shanmuga river, a tributary of the Amaravathi River (itself a tributary of the Kaveri River), which takes its source on the slopes of the Palani Hills.
The nearest towns are Oddanchatram, Dharapuram, Udumalaipettai. [Varadhamanadhi Dam]

Demographics

According to 2011 census, Palani had a population of 70,467 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[4] A total of 6,467 were under the age of six, constituting 3,283 males and 3,184 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.57% and 0.23% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.95%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[5] The town had a total of 19,015 households. There were a total of 27,150 workers, comprising 372 cultivators, 1,277 main agricultural labourers, 763 in house hold industries, 23,478 other workers, 1,260 marginal workers, 40 marginal cultivators, 68 marginal agricultural labourers, 107 marginal workers in household industries and 1,045 other marginal workers.[6] As per the religious census of 2011, Palani had 84.71% Hindus, 12.4% Muslims, 2.44% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.42% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[7]

Transportation

Roadway

National Highway NH 83 connects Coimbatore to Nagapattinam via Palani Tiruchirappalli Thanjavur. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited TNSTC buses connect the town to other parts of the state. KSRTC buses connecting places like Kottayam, Kozhikode, Kasaragod, Guruvayur, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, and kottarakara are available at particular interval of time from Palani bus stand. 24 hours buses are available on all three main roads (via Dharapuram, Oddanchatram and Udumalaipettai)

Railway

Station Code :PLNI, Palani is a part of the Coimbatore-Rameswaram BG line prior to the commencing of gauge conversion. On 20 November 2012, the Dindigul-Palani section of the line was completed, and the local railway station opened to railway traffic again. Currently there are passenger trains are crossing from Madurai, Thiruchendur to Coimbatore, Palakkad. And a daily express train available between Palani to Chennai. Recently Amritha express running from Madurai - Thiruvananthapuram via Dindigul, Palani, Pollachi, Palakkad, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Kollam.

Airway

The nearest major airports are Coimbatore International Airport located from Palani and Madurai International Airport located at from Palani. Tiruchirappalli International Airport is the next nearest, 164 km from Palani.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

title: Palani

question: How does Palani get its name?

answer: It derives its name from the compounding of two Tamil words, "pazham" and "nee". It's a reference to a song praising Lord Muruga by poet Avvaiyar.

question: What makes Palani a popular destination?

answer: It's home to one of the most sacred shrines of the Lord Muruga, which is worshiped in the Hindu sect of Kaumaram, and to the Palani Murugan Temple.

question: Would Palani be as popular of a destination without the Palani Murugan Temple

answer: Probably not

question: Summarize what happened on November 20, 2012.

answer: The Dindigul-Palani section of the line was completed, and the local railway station opened to railway traffic again.

question: How has Palani changed over time?

answer: It has been under the influence of various rulers over time. It can also be assumed that it became modernized and easier to get to over time.


text:
[(Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty Images)]

(Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty Images)

During the second period of last night’s Game 3 of the NHL Eastern Conference Finals, Bruins center Gregory Campbell dove to the ice to get in front of a shot taken by Penguins star Evgeni Malkin. The shot broke Campbell’s leg, specifically the right fibula. He stayed on the ice for 10 seconds, clearly in pain. Then he did something only a hockey player would do.

He got up and killed the rest of the penalty off.

From USA TODAY Sports’ Kevin Allen:

  The role player went to the ice to block Evgeni Malkin’s shot and struggled to get back to his feet after being hit in the right leg. Once he did stand and pick up his glove, he continued killing the penalty on one good leg, circling and keeping his stick in the passing lanes and standing in the shooting lanes to deny the Penguins a clean shot from the point.

He did this for the next 40 seconds. On a broken leg. Let me just repeat that for everybody. ON A BROKEN LEG.

Let’s go to the tape.

[campbell1]

We see here the initial shot that Campbell takes. This right here is what breaks the fibula, which Wikipedia tells me is one of the two bones that make up your leg. This is a pretty important bone that we’re talking about here.

[campbell2]

Now, after taking ten seconds to think about the fact that his leg is broken, Campbell does the perfectly sane thing of getting up and continuing to try and play a professional sport. On one leg.

[campbell3]

Ten seconds later, Campbell is still playing a professional sport. As you see, he even successfully breaks up a pass to Evgeni Malkin. Again, Campbell’s leg is still broken.

[campbell35]

Another ten seconds have gone by, and Campbell is still on the ice, mixing it up, getting in shooting lanes. He still has a broken leg at this point. Nothing has changed in the leg-breakage situation. This leg is still broken.

[campbell4]

At the end of the penalty, now at even strength, a full 40 seconds later, Campbell skates off the ice (STILL WITH A BROKEN LEG) and rushes into the arms of his trainer. The Bruins fans gave him a standing ovation.

The Bruins went on to win the game 2-1 in OT. It was the last moment Campbell spend on the ice; his season is over. Being that he has a broken leg and all.

HOCKEY PLAYERS ARE TOUGHER THAN YOU AND ME.

question: Which leg did Campbell break?

answer: Campbell broke his right leg.

question: How long did Campbell stay on the ice after breaking his leg?

answer: Campbell stayed on the ice for 40 seconds after breaking his leg.

question: Who took the shot that broke Campbell's leg?

answer: Evgeni Malkin took the shot that broke Campbell's leg.

question: Did the Bruins win that game?

answer: Yes, the Bruins won that game 2 to 1.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Gregory Campbell continues to play hockey for 40 seconds after breaking his leg. His leg got broken when he blocked a shot from the opposing team. Campbell's team went on to win the match 2 to 1.


text:
Jun 11, 2014

-   Associated Press

SAN DIEGO -- Hall of Famer Tony Gwynn has been given a one-year contract extension as baseball coach at San Diego State.

Gwynn has been on medical leave since late March while recovering from cancer treatment. He took over the program at his alma mater after the 2002 season.

Along with Gwynn's extension, the school announced Wednesday that Mark Martinez has been promoted from associate head coach to executive head coach and given a contract through 2017.

Athletic director Jim Sterk said he's not sure when Gwynn will return.

"We're hopeful," Sterk said. "We want Coach as a part of our program as long as he wants to be, but I'm just not sure at this time. We're just basically extending his current contract a year and then we'll see where we are this time next year, and we can address it at that time."

Gwynn was last with the Aztecs on March 25.

He has had two operations for cancer in his right cheek since August 2010. In a complicated surgery in February 2012, surgeons removed a facial nerve because it was intertwined with a tumor inside his right cheek. They grafted a nerve from Gwynn's neck to help him eventually regain facial movement.

Martinez took over the day-to-day duties for a majority of this season while Gwynn focused on his health. The Aztecs finished 42-21, including victories in nine of their final 11 games entering the NCAA tournament. SDSU won the Mountain West Conference tournament before losing two straight games in the NCAA regionals.

SDSU had a MWC-high six players selected in last week's big league draft, the most for the program since 2007.

"We've got a good group that is running the program, and Tony's been the leader of that," Sterk said. "They've done a good job in his absence, and we want to continue the momentum of the program."

In a statement, Martinez thanked Gwynn and Sterk.

"Tony's work here over the years has laid the foundation and given the program the opportunity to achieve success on and off the field. His main focus has been stability and this new contract will help ensure that stability and continuity in the coaching staff," Martinez said. "I appreciate his faith in me as we continue working toward building the program into a national power."

San Diego State reached the NCAA regionals for the second straight year and third time in six seasons.

In 20 seasons with the San Diego Padres, the lefty-swinging Gwynn had 3,141 hits and a .338 average, won eight National League batting titles, and played in the franchise's only two World Series.

He was a two-sport star at SDSU, playing point guard on the basketball team as well as playing baseball. He still holds SDSU's game, season and career records for assists.

question: At the time of the article, when is Tony Gywnn's contract set to expire?

answer: Presumably in 2015.

question: Summarize everything relating to Mark Martinez.

answer: Mark Martinez was promoted to executive head coach, with his contract lasting through 2017. He took over day-to-day duties from Gwynn while the later focused on his health. He made a statement thanking Gwynn as well as athletic director Jim Sterk.


text:
Champagne in particular, and sparkling wine in general, is finally breaking free from its image as a wine primarily used for celebration and for conspicuous displays of perceived glamour. This has led to its use in a wider range of situations--in my own home, we have a once-a-month ritual known as "Fried Chicken Monday," and that crispy, nutty, deep-fried entree is always paired perfectly with Champagne, whose high acid and brisk bubbles seem custom-made for working alongside the crunchy bird.

The change in consumer perceptions has sent Champagne sales popping in the United States. It's at least partly due a new generation of sommeliers and other wine professionals who understand the astounding versatility of high-quality bubbly.

“We promote Champagne as a wine, as opposed to just an aperitif. Too many people limit the versatility of Champagne by just using it in the beginning of a meal,” Justin Timsit, Beverage Director of Lacroix at the Rittenhouse in Philadelphia and a Master Sommelier candidate, wrote in an email.

According to Champagne Bureau, USA, the trade organization that represents the Comité Champagne in the United States, shipments to the United States rose by 6.61% from 2014 to 2015, which is the third growth year in a row for Champagne. [Note: I have, in the past, hosted educational seminars for Champagne Bureau, USA, and served as their Philadelphia ambassador, a position that I no longer hold.]

Other sparkling wines are also seeing increases in sales in the United States—in fact, the entire bubbly category is. According to Nielsen Newswire, sales of sparkling wine grew 10% from October 2014 to October 2015. Cava, the much-loved sparkling wine from Spain, is also on the ascent: The Consejo Regulador de Cava, or the Cava Regulatory Board, reported in March an 8.6% increase in sales to the United States—approximately 20,000,000 bottles.

Increased sales, greater consumer awareness, and easier access to excellent sparkling wines from around the world than ever before: All of this adds up to a bit of a sparkling-wine renaissance in the United States. At all ends of the price and perceived-prestige spectrum, excellent bottles of bubbly are finding their way to restaurant wine lists and retail shelves. And producers both familiar and less so are finally being given the chance they so richly deserve to shine.

Gruet, in New Mexico, is proof that excellent sparkling wine can be made in the most unexpected... [+] locations (Credit: Gruet Winery).

Personally, I have been swimming in a sea of spectacular sparklers recently, and bottlings from all over the world, with both famous and utterly obscure names on the labels, have won me over. And like more and more consumers, I've been enjoying them both on their own and paired with a wide range of foods. At a recent dinner with Alice Paillard, of Champagne Bruno Paillard, I found myself bowled over by the wines—I particularly recommend the shimmeringly fresh, bracingly mineral Brut Blanc de Blancs Grand Cru ($70); the comforting, pastry-expressive Extra Brut Premiere Cuvée MV ($50); and the top-of-the-line Brut N.P.U. “Nec Plus Ultra” 2003 ($200), all nutty and creamy on the palate. Champagne Michel Gonet, a name with less recognition than it deserves, bottled a stunning Blanc de Blancs Grand Cru 2004 ($50). Moët et Chandon, a name practically synonymous with Champagne, has a fantastic offering with its Grand Vintage Brut Rosé 2008 ($69.99). Champagne Doquet is another producer worth checking out, as is Charles Heidsieck, J. Dumangin Fils, and the stunningly long-lived vintages of Piper-Heidsieck Rare.

Among sparkling wines not from Champagne, I’ve tasted far too many standouts to recommend them in any sort of exhaustive list. Still, here are some of the highlights: South African Methode Cap Classique is starting to make a name for itself in the United States, and German sekt is on a roll, as are Cremants from the Loire, Burgundy, and Bordeaux. Cleto Chiarli, one of my favorite producers of Lambrusco, hit it out of the proverbial park with their Grasparosa di Castelvetro Amabile ($11). Bianca Vigna Prosecco NV (approximatrly $15) is definitely one worth seeking out. Jeio Prosecco is dangerously easy to drink, and Bisol Prosecco Valdobbiadene Superiore  “Crede” 2014 ($25) and “Cartizze” 2014 ($40) are phenomenal. Acinum Prosecco DOP Extra Dry ($11) is worth a look, too. And if you’ve never had Bellavista Franciacorta, I’d recommend running out for a bottle of their Cuvée Brut 2012 (approximately $30) immediately.

In Spain, Cava remains a great value: I always enjoy the Campo Viejo Cava Brut Rosé (approximately $15), and Freixenet’s Cava Casa Sala 2006 (approximately $80) is a profound, long-lived bottling that will utterly change your perceptions of what Cava is capable of. Cava Vilarnau’s Brut Reserve Rosé is a steal at $18.

Alice and Bruno Paillard inspect their vines in Champagne (Credit: Studio Cabrelli).

American sparkling wine is also finally gaining the reputation it deserves. Sea Smoke, producer of much-sought-after Pinot Noirs, crafts Sea Spray, a stunning sparkling wine; their Late Disgorged 2012 Blanc de Noirs ($80) is no exception. Schramsberg has been crafting stellar California sparklers for generations, and the reliably delicious J Vineyards and Winery is a staple in my cellar. Gruet, from New Mexico, proves that exceptional sparkling wines can be made in the most unexpected locations.

All of these and so many more are indicative of the brave new world of sparkling wine in the United States, and of the thankfully evolving ways in which consumers are considering them. It all makes sense: With their range of price points and unparalleled versatility at the table—the bubbles and generally mouthwatering acidity allow them to work well alongside a range of foods—sparkling wines have the potential to enhance any number of occasions, not just the luxurious or celebratory ones with which they have been associated for so long.

question: Summarize the reasons champagne is becoming more popular.

answer: It is breaking free of its image as a wine used for celebration and displays of glamour. It is being used in a wider range of situations. A new generation of sommeliers and other wine professionals understand its astounding versatility. There is also greater consumer awareness and easier access to sparkling wines from around the world.

question: Summarize everything related to champagne pairings.

answer: The author finds that champagne goes perfectly with fried chicken. They've been enjoying champagnes paired with a wide range of foods. The bubbles and mouthwatering acidity allow them to work well alongside a range of foods.

question: What does the article say about the brewing process?


text:
Chronio is an Arduino-based 3D-printed Watch. By not including fancy Wifi and BLE connectivity, it gets several months of run time out of a 160mAh button cell. The display is an always-on 96x96 pixel Sharp Memory LCD. If telling the time is not enough, you can play a simplified version of Flappy Bird on it.

DIY watches often consist of a pcb and screen wrapped in duct tape. I wanted to change that by designing a 3D-printed case. It is closely oriented on the Pebble Time.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

-   Microcontroller: Atmega328p with Arduino bootloader
-   Real Time Clock: Maxim DS3231 (<2min per year deviation)
-   Display: 96x96 pixel Sharp Memory LCD (LS013B4DN04)
-   Battery: CR2025 160mAh coin cell

-   The ATmega is in Sleep mode for most of the time and only runs once a minute to update the time or if a button is pressed. This reduces the current consumption to 2uA. Sady the display needs a certain pulse every second, which requires a complicated additional circuit. Because of this the current consumption is around 20uA. This still makes for around half a year of battery life.
-   User Interface controllable with three side buttons. Buttons are 3D-printed and activate switches on the PCB
-   Tells time, date, temperature and battery voltage on the main screen. No additional temperature sensor is needed, because the DS3231 already has one integrated for temperature compensation.
-   Stopwatch
-   Flappy Bird clone ("That would have been cool in 2013")
-   The case consists of four 3D-printed parts. It has a thickness of only 10.8mm, which is thinner than the Apple Watch. Unfortunately it lacks screen protection.
-   Fits any 22mm Watchband

watch.f3z

Fusion360 Design Files

f3z - 18.29 MB - 09/28/2020 at 19:40

Download
Chronio REV3 Schematic.PNG

PCB available on OSH Park: https://oshpark.com/shared_projects/VMKV49uK

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) - 56.30 kB - 09/18/2016 at 13:54

Preview
Download
STL files.zip

Also available on Thingiverse: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1762506

x-zip-compressed - 775.99 kB - 09/18/2016 at 14:00

Download

-   Source Code Released + 6 Months Run-Time Achieved

    Max.K • 02/01/2017 at 12:00 • 0 comments

    Starting with the battery life, the watch has now been running since August 7. In a previous project log I showed that the calculated run-time would be up to 6 months, which has been achieved now. The voltage has dropped to about 2.8 V, so it might last for a couple more weeks.

    []

    Additionally the source code is now online on GitHub: https://github.com/CoretechR/Chronio

    As the pcb and 3d printing files have already been released, there is nothing more you need if you want to build your own copy of the watch.

-   Testing Battery Life

    Max.K • 10/19/2016 at 16:49 • 0 comments

    After assembling the third revision of the watch, I decided to test its battery life. Chronio is now running off of a CR2025 coin cell since August 7. During this time the display and RTC are on and the Atmega wakes up once per minute.

    The calculated battery life is about 6 months, although that is not an accurate number. The varying current consumption caused by the 1 Hz generator makes it difficult to predict the actual battery life. Because of this there is no way around a real-time test to see how long the watch will last.

    Next to the time and date, Chronio displays the battery voltage. For the past few weeks the voltage was between 2.84 and 2.86 V depending on the temperature of the room. Unfortunately Lithium-Ion batteries have a discharge curve that is anything but linear. Here is a graph from a very similar project with a CR2016:

    The voltage stayed at 2.85 V for the first half of the test before it slowly began to drop. Based on this, it is very likely that the watch is still within the first half as well.

    However, the test has already proven, that the watch will work for more than 2.5 months, which is more than twice of what I originally had hoped for. Also, this is the longest run of an Arduino I ever did. I had already expected some errors because of overflows. But Chronio even handled the overflow of millis() after 49 days without a problem.

    I would assume that the battery will probably last until the end of the year, which would be a nice 4 months of runtime.

-   Pebble Time Comparison

    Max.K • 09/15/2016 at 14:21 • 0 comments

    Originally I wanted to build my own watch rather than getting a regular smartwatch. But as the price of the Pebble Time dropped over the past months, I couldn't resist buying one. Even if it was only to see how it compares to my watch.

    The Pebble Time was without a doubt the main inspiration for this project. The case is almost the exact width and length, only the thickness was not doable. Chronio's screen has a much lower pixel density and is only black/white. Then again it is 24% larger than the Pebble's, reducing the bezel size noticeably. In terms of processing power and features, the watches are not really comparable. The ATmega328 is no match against a Cortex M4, which can handle color graphics and animations but has a high power consumption. This is where Chronio has its biggest advantage: battery life. It can display the time for several months until the battery needs to be replaced. The current prototype has been running for 6 weeks now. However the Pebble Time lasts a week on a charge, which is still a lot compared to Android Wear or Apple devices. Disabling Bluetooth extends its battery life to about a month.

      --------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
                            CHRONIO                       PEBBLE TIME

      Dimensions            40.3 × 37 × 10.8 mm           40.5 × 37.5 × 9.5 mm

      Screen                96 × 96 px white/reflective   144 × 168 px 64-color

      Screen size           24.2 × 24.2 mm                20.1 × 23.44 mm

      Battery               3 V 165 mAh                   3.7 V 130 mAh
                            CR2025 coin cell              Li-Ion (rechargeable)

      Battery life          ~ 6 months                    ~ 1 month (airplane mode)

      Processor             16 MHz ATmega328P             100 MHz ARM Cortex-M4

      Additional features   Temperature sensor            Bluetooth, Microphone,
                                                          Compass, Accelerometer,
                                                          Backlight, Vibration motor,
                                                          Apps/Watchfaces
      --------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------

    In conclusion, the project was a great way to learn about low power electronics. It may not be the best watch to wear on a daily basis, but building it was a lot of fun and I would definitely consider the project a success as I already exceeded the month of planned battery life.

-   The Adventure of Generating a 1 Hz Signal

    Max.K • 09/12/2016 at 14:48 • 17 comments

    As explained in an earlier project log, the watch was at a point, where it only needed 2 μA in standby mode. Then screen burn-in started showing up and the watch stopped after only a couple of days.

    After checking the display's datasheet and application note (http://www.sharpmemorylcd.com/resources/programming_memory_lcd_app_note.pdf) once again, I found a detail I had missed completely: Although the display does not need constant updating, there is a VCOM inversion signal that needs to be generated. "VCOM is an alternating signal that prevents a DC bias from being built up within the panel", meaning that burn-in will occur if the signal is not supplied. The signal can either be generated by software(which the Adafruit library already does) or by a dedicated input pin (EXTCOM). Also a short pulse is not enough, the display needs a 50% duty cycle square wave with a frequency of at least 1 Hz. This was a major problem, because the low power consumption of the watch relied on the Atmega being in standby most of the time. Waking it up every second to toggle a pin would decrease battery life dramatically, which had been the main advantage of this project. Generating the signal by software would not work without the Atmega waking up, so it had to be supplied over the EXTCOM pin. A 1 Hz square wave can't be too hard to generate, or can it?

    As it turns out, it can be if you are limited to a few μAs of current and a tiny watch to fit in. The easiest approach would be a 555 timer with some passive components. Although there are hundreds of variations of this chip, I could not find a single one with less than 50 μA of operating current. In the Arduino forum, a schmitt trigger oscillator was suggested to me (http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=400656.0). The Schmitt trigger itself and the oscillator you can build out of it are explained in detail on Talking Electronics: http://www.talkingelectronics.com/pay/BEC-2/Page49.html. It is basically an inverter with hysteresis than you can use to make an oscillator. At first the idea looked very promising. I got a square wave out of a Schmitt trigger inverter (74HC1G14GW), a 10 MOhm resistor and a 0.1 μF capacitor.

    But the problem was again the power consumption. The current draw was varying but at hundreds of μAs. Although the Schmitt trigger usually only draws 10 μA, according to the datasheet there is a delta-current of up to 500 μA, which is needed if the input voltage is in between 0 and VCC. This means, if you are at 3.3 V, the inverter will output 0 V and only draw 10 μA. But if you are at 1.3 V for example, the operating current will be much higher.

    Another solution was using a real time clock to generate the signal. Most RTCs have an output pin for a 1 Hz square wave. The DS3231 has such a pin as well, but this feature cannot be used while also having the 1 minute alarm running. There was no way around a second RTC. I didn't want to use another DS3231, because they are relatively expensive at about 8 €. I found the MCP79410 from Microchip, which had a low operating current and the features I needed for only 1 €. Then I made a second PCB revision including the new RTC and fixing some errors from the first version.

    []

    The second revision also includes the DS3231 in a smaller package and moves it to the top side, making room for SMD buttons. Also I switched to the improved programming interface. The traces were still all over the place.

    As I wanted to get the project done quickly, I made a lot of errors in the process. One was that I forgot to include an oscillator for the MCP79410. I fixed that by soldering an SMD oscillator directly to the pins. Luckily no additional capacitors were needed. The 32.768 kHz output of the DS3231 can't be used instead of the oscillator because that pin is open drain. With this high frequency you would need a small pullup resistor, which draws too much power.

    I got the MCP79410 to work at only 2 μ...

    Read more »

-   3D Printing

    Max.K • 09/11/2016 at 14:48 • 0 comments

    After designing the watch in Fusion360, I had to print the parts with a 3D printer, in my case the bq Prusa i3 Hephestos. As a material I am using PLA, mainly because it doesn't smell as bad as ABS. The main challenge was getting the case printed with a smooth surface. As there is only one main part for it, supports are crucial. I started with Slic3r, but soon switched to Simplify3D because of its adjustable supports. Still, it took a lot of failed attempts to get all the settings right.

    []

    This is what the parts looks like after printing:

    []

    []

    []

    After carefully removing the supports, I used an Exacto knife to clean up the part.

    For the buttons and cover I lowered the layer thickness to 50 um. This is because these parts are really small and only slightly curved. It's ok if the they are recognizable as 3D prints but they should not look too edgy.

    The last part is the "spine". There are no high demands to it, as it will not be visible from looking at the watch.

    To explain how the individual parts are assembled, I played around in Fusion360 and created this GIF:Basically, all components apart from the buttons and case are supposed to be glued together. Then this assembly is placed in the case with the buttons, where it will snap in on one side. A small screw will then secure it from falling out of the case. I ended up using double sided tape for the whole process and tiny drops of superglue to secure the display. Attaching an 22mm Casio watchband was the last and easiest step.

    The end result turned out really well in my opinion. It is obviously not nearly as usable and durable as a industrially manufactured Pebble watch. But it can definitely be worn as a watch and the battery life almost justifies that you have to open the case to replace the coin cell every few months.

    I am releasing the stl.-files on Thingiverse, in case someone wants to build this project:

    http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1762506

-   Improving Battery Life

    Max.K • 09/06/2016 at 21:10 • 1 comment

    The overall power consumption depends on how much current the device will draw in active or standby mode and how much time it will send in these modes. I measured that with my code, the Atmega takes about 100 ms from triggering the interrupt to going into sleep mode again. This process happens once per minute to update the display. This means that only 1/600 of the time is spent in active mode, where the watch draws around 5-7 mA. So my main focus was the current draw in standby.

    Although the first version of the PCB was already functional, it was drawing around 450 μA in standby. The original goal of this project was to get below 100 μA, which would equal 1-2 months of battery life with the CR2025 (160mAh). For calculating this, Oregon Embedded has a very nice online tool: http://oregonembedded.com/batterycalc.htm.

    Finding out where a device is wasting power can be tricky. Luckily the first PCB only had three active components: The Atmega, the RTC and the display. After unplugging the display and soldering off the RTC, the standby current was still at a nearly 400 μA. As the Atmega has an advertised sleep current of 100 nA, something was off. The first thing I noticed was, that after leaving out the voltage monitoring part of the code, the sleep current got down to 280 μA (with RTC and display reconnected). It turns out, that when measuring the battery voltage, the ADC (analog/digital converter) gets activated and stays on even in standby. The current consumption by this module significant. Turning it off completely in the ADCSRA register, reduced the sleep current to only 130 μA. One way to solve this problem without loosing the functionality is turning the ADC off before entering sleep mode. But I instead switched to a library that does this automatically, lowPower by Rocketscream: https://github.com/rocketscream/Low-Power. It also has an option to turn off BOD (brown-out-detection), which means that the Atmega might do weird stuff if the battery voltage gets critically low. By doing that the sleep current was reduced to 110 μA.

    I already would have considered 110 μA a success at the time, but there was one more thing I was able to do. I figured out, that the Atmega was basically running at its advertised 100 nA, as I was not able to measure the current with my multimeter anymore. The DS3231 was the one draining over 100 μA by itself. After checking the datasheet, I found out, that by using only the dedicated battery input pin (VBAT) to power the RTC, the power consumption can be greatly reduced.

    To verify this, I bent the VCC and VBAT pins of the device up to disconnect them from the traces on the PCB. I then connected the VBAT pin to the VCC line and left the VCC pin floating. The improvement of doing this was not just a few μAs. The entire sleep current of the watch was now at 2 μA. This would equal over a year of battery life.

    I now had a fully functional prototype with an incredibly low power consumption. Unfortunately it didn't stay that way for long. While running a first test, the watch stopped after just about 5 days. Also the screen was showing more and more burn-in, that would disappear after removing the battery for a few minutes. Solving this problem turned out to be a lot of work, so I will dedicate a separate project log to it.

-   Programming

    Max.K • 09/04/2016 at 16:56 • 0 comments

    The first step is burning the bootloader onto the Atmega328. I included some testpoints for the ISP pins, so it was just a matter of following the instructions on this site: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ArduinoToBreadboard

    After this, the Atmega can be programmed using the serial interface. Including power, 5 pins are needed: TX, RX, Reset, Ground and VCC. The first version of my PCB simply had the footprint for a pin header on it, so I just soldered wires to it. For the later versions I wanted a proper adapter that can be connected to the PCB without soldering.

    The interface on the PCB consists of 5 smd pads for the actual signals and two vias for centering the adapter. This design is based on the Protoprog: http://protofusion.org/wordpress/2013/05/open-hardware-pogo-pin-programmer/. The adapter uses a 3D-printed part with pogo-pins. On the other end it has a pin header that can be plugged into a breadboard. Because I had trouble with the printed part, I ordered a tiny adapter board from OSH park. On the breadboard I used a simple level converter (CD74HC4050E), so the 3.3V components are not damaged by the 5V Arduino Uno that I am using to program the board.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Clocked at 16 MHz, the ATmega328 consumes more than 3mA. This will drain a button cell in a matter of hours. Luckily there is a 100nA sleep mode. In this mode the Atmega is basically turned off and can only be activated again with external interrupts. One of the two available interrupts is connected to a dedicated pin on the DS3231 real time clock. The clock is programmed to generate a pulse once per minute. This makes it possible to only turn on the uC for a short period of time to update the time and display. The display itself is controlled over the SPI interface. I am using the adafruit gfx library, which has very nice functions for basic geometry and text: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SHARP_Memory_Display

    To wake up the watch intentionally, the middle button is connected to the second hardware interrupt. The debouncing is handled by a library as well (https://github.com/JChristensen/Button).

    The user interface is organized in pages. The main screen is page 0, the menu page 1 and so on. The currently implemented features are a stopwatch, a menu for setting the time, a debug menu and a flappy-bird game.

    The always-on watchface displays the time in big digits. Instead of using a font from the adafruit library, I wanted to create a custom font. It combines rectangles to create the digits and is easily readable even from a distance. Besides time and date the watchface show the temperature. This is done by reading the internal temperature sensor in the DS3231. Additionally ther battery voltage is displayed. For this, I am using the internal voltage reference of the Atmega. Most of the code is copied from here: http://provideyourown.com/2012/secret-arduino-voltmeter-measure-battery-voltage/. On a lithium battery you get a very non-linear discharge curve. It should be useful as a low-battery-warning though.

-   User Interaction

    Max.K • 09/01/2016 at 13:38 • 0 comments

    To navigate through a menu, the watch needs some kind of input method. My original idea was to copy the apple watch with its digital crown (which is a fancy word for an encoder). I even found a fitting encoder from ALPS(http://de.farnell.com/alps/ec05e1220202/encoder-horiz-5mm-12det-12ppr/dp/2064967). I then modeled and printed a case and glued in the encoder. While it may have worked, properly fitting the component and a 3D-printed knob inside the case would have been impossibly complicated.

    []

    I then switched to a solution using buttons. As I took over most of the design of the Pebble Time anyway, it was a logical step to also put the buttons in the same place. To save space, my design does not use a fourth button on the left side. Even 3D-printers get along with only three buttons.

    What I wanted to avoid, was having cheap through-hole-buttons stick out of the case. The buttons should be separate printed parts. These would then activate tactile switches on the pcb. The idea sounded simple in my head at the time, but getting it to work was a real challenge.

    []

    The first step was modeling the buttons. I wanted to get close to the Pebble Time, while still getting parts that can be printed without supports. This is achieved by having a curved surface on the outside and a flat surface where it is connected to the watch. Also, the whole thing should take up as little space as possible. I then made different versions, varying in how the printed buttons would be split from the case and they would be connected to the switches.

    Version 1 already used a single part for all three buttons, connecting them with only a single layer of plastic to remain flexible. The case has a cutout for the buttons and three holes to the tactile switches. These were then glued to the inside. In a last step the printed buttons would be carefully glued to the protruding parts of the switches.

    []

    The problem with this was that the printed buttons were only secured by three drops of glue. Also the tactile switches would have had to be permanently glued inside the case, making it difficult to connect them to the removable PCB.

    Version 2, which is used in the final build, solves these problems by mounting the buttons from the inside of the watch. A small seam prevents them from falling out of the case. The PCB with its switches secures the printed buttons from the opposite side.

    []

    This version is working very well at the moment. The only problem is the weak actuation force of the SMD switches I am using. I solved this by gluing top-actuated switches to the edge of the PCB and connecting them with short wires. It's not a perfect solution for mass-production but pressing the buttons has a nice feel to it. It actually seems more sturdy than the mushy buttons on my real Pebble Time. I guess this is because they needed water-protection and used very thin switch domes.

    []

-   PCB - Revision I

    Max.K • 08/26/2016 at 14:34 • 2 comments

    This was my first custom PCB design, apart from a single sided milled PCB that I had to create for an assignment. Because most of the suppliers in Europe are really expensive, I chose OSH Park. They only charge 5$ per square inch, which is especially great for tiny projects like this. I have no idea how they can produce and ship boards around half the globe at that price.

    Is started with the schematics in Cadsoft Eagle. I basically just searched for components and then connected them. For the display I am using a ZIF connector. The Atmega needs an external 16MHz crystal to run at the normal clock rate of an Arduino. An additional led is for testing the board with the blink-sketch. For programming the Atmega I used the footprint of a 5-pin header. The cables could later be soldered on. As I had no Idea of how to include the buttons yet, I just put in some SMD pads.

    For the board layout, I did a quick mockup of the PCB in Fusion 360 and tried to find the right size, that would still fit inside the case. I ended up with a 34mm by 28mm rectangle with rounded corners. A small cutout helps the display's flex cable bend within the case. I placed four mounting holes in the corners for good measure. Holding the coin cell was another challenge. The standard SMD holders have a high profile. I put two pads next to the side of the coin cell and decided to make a custom mount.

    The routing took me a few hours. Mainly because I used relatively thick traces I ended up with dozens of vias. Also, the angles were all over the place. When the board arrived two weeks later, I had very low expectations. But there were no shorts or major design flaws.

    The next step was to populate the board. I ordered the components from Farnell. Very fast service and insane packaging even for low quantities like the two Atmegas.

    I soldered the board by hand. Thin solder and a flux pen are absolutely necessary for parts like the ZIF connector. For the coin cell mount I cut the metal strip of an old folder to the right length and soldered it to the board.

    After burning the bootloader, I used an old Arduino Uno and removed its chip to program the board. It basically worked on the first try without any modifications:

    After adding the screen and uploading the code, the watch was already working. To connect the PCB and display, I created a separate printable part.

    []

    Although it is functional, the first board has it's problems. The current consumption in standby is still at 450 uA. Also the programming header is only a temporary solution.

-   Initial Design

    Max.K • 08/22/2016 at 16:34 • 0 comments

    I have been thinking about building my own watch for a while. The things that always kept me from starting the project were two main problems: Size and battery life. You can easily take a small LCD screen, plug it into an Arduino nano and call it a watch. But it will be difficult to make it look decent. Also, unless you have your display turned off most of the time, battery life will be limited to a few hours.

    The first step was finding components that solved these problems. The display usually consumes a lot of energy. A few commercial watches - like the original Pebble - solve this by using an e-paper-like display, that only needs energy for updating the screen. I came across the Sharp Memory LCD LS013B4DN04, which is a 96x96 pixel screen with basically no static power consumption. They cost about 20€. Adafruit even has a rather expensive breakout board (https://www.adafruit.com/product/1393) for them. I ended up buying the much cheaper Texas Instruments breakout board from Farnell (farnell.com/texas-instruments/430boost-sharp96/sharp-lcd-boosterpack-msp430-launchpad/dp/2429519).

    As I wanted to keep the project Arduino-compatible, I chose an Atmega328p as a microcontroller. It has a 100nA sleep mode, so I only had to find a way to wake it up when necessary. For this, the Atmega has two external programmable Interrupts. I ended up connecting one to a real time clock, which triggers once per minute. Now basically the only thing consuming power is the RTC.

    I chose a coin cell as a battery. A rechargeable Li-ion cell would require a charging circuit and a plug.

    For all of my projects in the past I used perfboards. To size everything down, I wanted to create my first ever custom PCB. But before that, I wanted to get a grip on how the watch should look. Therefor I took the components I already knew and arranged them in Onshape.

    I got a thickness of around 7mm including the lcd, pcb, Atmega and a cr2025 coin cell.

    Next, I wanted to see how big the watch would have to be and what shape it would fit in. I really like the Pebble time with its rounded corners. So this was a great design to start with. Pebble even has a Github page with their CAD-files (https://github.com/pebble/pebble-3d).

    The sharp display almost fits the pebble time, but because of the lower bezel it would not be centered. I decided I would stick with a slightly offset screen instead of making the whole watch larger.

    For designing the body of the watch I switched to Fusion 360. Mainly because a project of this size is not comfortable to work with online, especially with a slow internet connection.

    To make the body printable I split it in half. The bezel of the screen, which acts as a protector and design element is one part. The other is the main body, which is big enough to fit the electronics. What I ended up with is basically a copy of the Pebble Time, although I modeled it from the ground up. I tried to avoid 90° angles, to make for an organic feel. To hide the cut between the two parts, I included a curved seam.

    []

    []

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Matias N. wrote 09/27/2020 at 01:49

Hi, by any chance did you design the case with Fusion360? Would you be willing to share the original files? I would love to modify it for other projects

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Jacob MacLeod wrote 10/11/2019 at 21:24

Nice! I dread to imagine how long the battery life would be if you had added something like a 2000 mah battery(Although it would make the watch too big)

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dsl wrote 12/02/2018 at 14:01

Hi, Max.

How did you print this case? Have you ordered it somewhere? If so, could you recommend that service?

Anyway, your watch looks great :) Have you thought about selling it on Tindie?

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Francu Emilian wrote 10/25/2018 at 06:01

Could you please tell me how did you obtained a six month running w/o any issues ? In my case, the maximum run time was 3 days with the schematic and code which is uploaded in Github ( without any tweaks ). In trying to solve the solution to reduce this huge consumption ( compared with your results ), I've depopulate the 1Hz Signal generator block, and it seems that this has extended the run time to 9 days, but of course had a problem on the LCD ( didn't show what it had to ). I will want to try the idea of Josh Levine, but wanted firts to know if you have an update this project.

Overall I want thank you very much for sharing your project. I extremely like it.

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Max.K wrote 10/27/2018 at 12:04

Thank you for the interest in the project! Can you somehow measure the current consumption of your device? If it only lasts 3 days something is very wrong. Maybe the Atmega is not going into sleep mode at all. You could hook up a current meter and set the Atmega and RTCs to sleep, then check if it's still drawing too much current.

I have no updates to the project, but there is always the possibility that the schematics or code contain errors.

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prosto wrote 08/05/2018 at 21:17

is possible to turno off screen from program? is possible reduce power of cpu from program?

this is very interesting but please add more ram and eeprom

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Shreel wrote 07/20/2018 at 11:34

#1 : I looked through your schematics but couldn't find anything that measures the Vcc, How are you doing that?

#2 : Have you considered using low power ARM based MCU ?

It is extremely beautiful BTW!

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benpmacmahon wrote 05/27/2018 at 23:30

I love this project, itching to build one but I've hit a wall. The LS013B4DN04 has been discontinued, have you looked at any alternative displays?

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Wesley Ellis wrote 02/24/2017 at 01:28

I was hoping to put together a BOM and make one of these, but I can't seem to find the display for sale anymore :( Digikey and mouser both have LS013B4DN04 marked as obsolete

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Josh Levine wrote 02/16/2017 at 15:16

Amazing project!

To generate the 1Hz display signal, consider this low power strategy:

Connect an output pin of the ATMEGA to the VCOM pin on the display.

Enable a 1 second alarm on the DS3231  and route the ~INT pin to an input pin on the ATMEGA.

Enable the 50K internal pull-up on the input pin on the ATMEGA and enable a pin change interrupt on this pin.

Go into shutdown (no WDT, no ADC, no BOD). <1uA on ATMEGA.

Once per sec the DS2321 will alarm and wake the ATMEGA by pulling the input pin low. Upon waking, the ATMEGA immediately writes a 0 to the alarm flag. This clears the alarm and the input pin will no longer be pulled low, so the current drain though the pull-up is limited only by how fast you can clear that alarm bit (you can do it quickly and power efficiently with careful setup, and some tricks while doing the i2c transaction).

Once the current drain though the pull-up has been relieved, the ATMEGA next toggles the output pin that is driving VCOM. This can be as fast as a single instruction write to the PIN register.

Now we do a very quick decrement and compare zero of a seconds counter (held in a register for fast access), and if it has been less than a minute then we return to sleep and wait for next alarm.

Obviously there is lots of other complexity in here, but hopefully you get the general idea.

I believe you will see very significant power savings from this strategy, and you can eliminate a lot of hardware and ensure a balanced drive to the display.

I am going something very similar for a related project and have been able to get single-digit uA total current draw. http://www.timesincelaunch.com/

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zakqwy wrote 02/15/2017 at 23:44

Congrats on the 6-month run time! The watch looks great. Seems like an excellent intro into the Sharp Memory LCD world..

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ryan_phelan wrote 02/08/2017 at 05:38

Amazing project, I'm thinking of building this. So simple and fool proof. Have you thought about setting up dual time / GMT timezone feature on this watch? Would be great to see as I use GMT with work all of the time.

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Max.K wrote 02/08/2017 at 10:10

Sure, dual time zones would be easy to implement. You just have to change a few lines in the code.

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Max.K wrote 02/08/2017 at 14:57

Well, if you take on a project like this, you should already have some basic programming abilities. Or else you will run into much bigger problems than setting the time zones.

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ryan_phelan wrote 02/09/2017 at 11:22

I'll be fine building it and I'll get the dual time incorporated. Seems easier than I thought. Thanks again for your prompt responses.

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Austin Marandos wrote 01/30/2017 at 03:25

Awesome project! I am creating a smart watch for a school major work and i was wondering exactly how small your RTC module was. I purchased an RTC module from sparkfun (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12708) however it takes up precious space. do you have any ideas on how i could make it smaller. I don't really want to go down the custom CAD PCB path since im not too experienced, but if I have to in-order to reduce the overall size of the watch i might.

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Max.K wrote 01/30/2017 at 10:09

The RTC-chip itself is pretty small. You can see the two RTCs as 8-pin packages here:

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Most real time clocks need an external crystal/oscillator which in the case of the MCP79410 is available as a tiny smd device, slightly larger than a resistor. The DS3231 has an integrated oscillator, but is much more expensive. Breakout boards like the Sparkfun one use a lot of space for mounting holes and for the backup battery. If you need a smaller board I would use something like this: http://www.banggood.com/DS3231-Precision-RTC-Memory-Module-For-Arduino-p-969040.html?rmmds=search

You can solder the pin header and maybe the battery off. But I would definitely recommend you to try and make a custom pcb for your project. Most of the software is free and pcbs are cheap. It just takes some time to learn how to use CAD tools but it's worth it.

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Austin Marandos wrote 02/13/2017 at 12:11

Thank you so much for the in-depth reply. I was thinking of just going with it and making a custom PCB, I'll run it by my teacher and see what he thinks.  But the project is due in August so i don't know if I'll have the time to learn the skills and then to create the watch.

Thanks again!

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dsechols wrote 01/16/2017 at 19:25

This is a fantastic project -- very, very cool.  Do you think you will be releasing full instructions to build it?

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Max.K wrote 01/30/2017 at 10:17

Thank you! The CAD files and schematics are already online. As the project is pretty complex, I am not planning on making a beginner-level tutorial. But if you read the early project logs it should not be too difficult to assemble a working watch.

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esvenco69 wrote 12/16/2016 at 11:16

I'm impressed of what you have achieved. There is a memory lcd with 8 colors from sharp: LS013B7DH06. The problem is you need more than 3.4k of Ram to update the screen, but atmega328 has only 4KB. But you can replace it by atmega1284 with 16KB of Ram. Do you see this change feasible?

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Max.K wrote 12/16/2016 at 13:55

Thanks! It looks like the color and monochrome displays are very similar, so controlling it should not be too difficult. But for the microcontroller I would not pick an Atmega. There are many other options better suited for low power like the EFM32 or MSP430.

If I will ever have that much free time again, I will definitely build a second color display version of the watch.

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l.zingg wrote 12/16/2016 at 17:21

@esvenco69 The LS013B7DH06 needs 5V power supply. So you need to boost the 3V from the battery to get the 5V, but this is bad for the efficiency. Max could you please post the arduino code?

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Max.K wrote 12/16/2016 at 22:21

Sorry, I'm not releasing the code right now. But I am planning on uploading the clean and commented Arduino sketch in the near future.

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Max.K wrote 12/16/2016 at 14:00

Thank you. The board is custom made. Depending on how experienced you are with electronics you can order the PCB and solder the components to it. A link to the PCB, the schematic with all components and the 3D printing files are linked in the project description.

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Kevin wrote 09/14/2016 at 03:33

Nice project. The inclusion of a game to help you kill time is also fun. It is amazing how much engineering is involved in even an apparently simple project such as this. I'm working on an enclosure for another project. I'm using a snap fit based on an idea from an modelling video from Adafrult. How did you join the front and back half of the enclosure? Snap fit or screws? I'd be interested to see a close up of how you joined the two halves. Thanks also for the link to the pogo pin programmer. I may make use of that in the project I'm currently working so I can eliminate the right-angle 6 pin header it currently uses.

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Max.K wrote 09/14/2016 at 17:11

I am using a combination of a sort-of hinge and a screw to hold the center part inside the shell. The center part itself is glued to the front of the case. It is not a perfect solution though. I have to use a small drop of glue on the edges to really connect the front and back part safely. But there is not much more you can do with an FDM printer and a case this small.

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question: What is Chronio?

answer: Chronio is an Arduino-based 3D-printed Watch

question: What about Chronio is being described?

answer: All of Chronio's modes and apps that make it an ultra-cool and state of the art technology.

question: What was chosen as a battery for the watch?

answer: A coin cell battery

question: What size watchband does the watch fit?

answer: Any 22 mm Watchband

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The detailed graphics of the watch, Chronio, is discussed. The maker of the watch describes in detail what was used to create the watch and why.


text:
Written in collaboration with redditor jsutton96

As Johnathan walked into the room he took a deep breath. The stench of bourbon burned his nostrils, Brad was drunk again. Sitting in his old chair with drink in hand, eyes lined with crust from days of not bathing, and glass tipped lazily in his hand. After a few long seconds of just staring Brad threw the glass it shattered across mantle of the fireplace like a rain drop on a windshield. Johnathan stood silent frozen with shock at Brad's sudden outburst. Brad yelled for the kids to come clean up the mess. He yelled for a good while. His eyes filled with despair as he then realized why the kids had not come down yet. Years of abusive behavior had caused the kids to be taken away from the house by child protective services. They were now in the same foster home Brad himself had grown up in. He knew that their lives would not be much better there as it was at home. The place was run down with a leaky roof and chipping paint. Brad looked at Johnathan who was still standing in the same spot, and told him to make him a sammich. Johnathan did not move. Brad got up and said it again this time louder. Johnathan still did not move. Brad then got in Johnathan's face and yelled even louder causing to back up a few inches. Johnathan then looked in Brad's eyes and said "Brad we're out of bread". Brad then proceeded to sit back down in the chair. Johnathan left the room to go pack his bags, he was going to stay with his sister for awhile who was now the worlds youngest lawyer starting her own office at the age of 5. Brad sat there unmoving only to get up to use the bathroom which was an old urn. He shot himself a week later. (Moral of the story never run out of bread)

title: r/funny didn't approve, maybe you guys will

question: Where is Johnathan leaving to?

answer: Johnathan is staying at his sister's place.

question: Where are the children?

answer: The children were sent to a foster home.

question: Who is yelling a lot?

answer: Brad is yelling a lot.

question: Why can't Johnathan make a sandwich?

answer: Johnathan cannot make a sandwich because they are out of bread.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Johnathan walks in to find Brad drunk again. Brad yells for the children to clean up his mess, not remembering they had been taken away. He then yells at Johnathan to make him a sandwich. Johnathan instead packs his bags and leaves. Brad later kills himself.


text:
THE BOOK OF DAVE

     In the beginning, Dave created a bunch of stuff like the earth, water, animals, and humans. He thought "Meh, it's cool I guess...", and then he pretty much sat back and watched everything unfold, chillin' like a villain and taking many forms. Mostly though he liked to be a plastic dove. He saw all his creations screw up the world he created, and it pissed him off pretty badly. He thought for centuries about how he could save the world he put so little effort into creating.

     One day, in the late 1990's he came up with a plan. It was about time too, because the world he created was in pretty pitiful condition by this time. He set out to create 5 strong men who would spread his holy name. One of them appearing to be a heretic, but obviously a believer. One of them a natural born leader to guide the prophets. One of them tall and strong willed and convert others. One of them with great musical talents with which to sing and play instruments in the name of Dave, and the last one. Dave's only son. He arranged so that these men would one day come together and use their own talents to spread the word of Dave.

     These young men grew and realized their talents (except for the son of Dave, who had a hard time because he had not yet recognized his true purpose in life). They misused their talents, however, because they did not know that their destiny was the destiny that Dave set for them. They would know in the future that Dave needed them to rid the world of ignorance and stupidity. It would take time, though, for them to be ready for the task at hand.

     By the time these 5 young men were ready for their destiny, the world was even worse than it was before. There had been terrorist attacks, wars, destruction in massive proportions. They were indeed ready at the last minute. The 5 boys had grown to be good friends, and were like family. One day, fate brought them all together, and set them on a journey that would open their eyes to the truth. Open their eyes to Dave.

    They found themselves in their leader's house, discussing the most important of current events, politics, economics, history, and other things of the like. Then, as fate may have it, they embarked on a journey. They started with a trip to a local general store to purchase liquid refreshment, and to win the heart of a fair maiden. They failed miserably at the winning the heart part, but succeeded in buying refreshments. They also caused the son of Dave to smudge a dipping sauce on his trousers. They then headed to a larger store to buy him a new pair of trousers.

     They failed in their quest to acquire new trousers, but had good hearty laughs and made the son wear clothes meant for girls. However, it was here that they discovered The Great Dave. They found him in his usual form, a plastic bird, perched upon a raised surface. They were drawn to him, and immediately knew that it was to be theirs. They did not know why, but they knew it must be.

     They purchased the plastic bird, took him home, and immediately idolized him. They knew that his name was to be Dave, and that he was of great importance. The boys did not truly understand that Dave was of much more importance until much later. The day after their trip to the store, their land was ice-ridden. The plants outside were enveloped in a solid sheet of ice, and the roads were only traversible by foot, because none of their automobiles were equipped to operate on the ice-covered roads.

     The young men grew hungry, and weary of being held inside their home, and by the will of Dave, which they still failed to recognize, decided to embark on a long journey to obtain cheap, delicious food. They left their home and started down the road, talking and laughing, unaware of the great events that awaited them. They would soon find out the true purpose of what was happening.

     They noticed a bird that looked exactly like their plastic bird that was perched upon a telephone wire. Then they realized that this, in fact, WAS their bird, but in the form of a living version of it's plastic form, guarding them, and guiding them. They then began to realize that they had a greater purpose in this journey, and that Dave was more than a mere plastic bird.

     They began to have revelations and realizations that Dave placed in their minds. They came to the conclusion that Dave was the true God, and that they were prophets, since they were the only ones who realized this truth. They then realized that the one with no apparent useful talent must have been the son of Dave, because of the hardships he faced and trials and tribulations. They realized that since he had no talent to offer Dave, he didn't require one, because him simply being among the other prophets was enough to please Dave.

     Then came their true sign that they were led by The Great and Powerful Dave. They noticed on the side of the path a beautiful sight. A useless, disappointing, fresh, beautiful sight. They knew in their hearts that Dave put this there for them, that he loved them, and that he wanted them to cleanse the world of the wrongness that had befallen it.

title: The Book of Dave

question: What plan did Dave create in the late 1990s?

answer: He created 5 strong men to spread his holy name.

question: What form did Dave take on?

answer: He took the form of a plastic dove?

question: What are the names of the 5 men that Dave created?

answer: The names of the 5 men are not mentioned.

question: Describe one of the 5 men.

answer: One of them was tall and strong willed.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: In the beginning, Dave created everything. In the late 1990s, he created 5 strong men to spread his holy name. The 5 men grew up and one day fate brought them all together. They set off on some quests together. While out on one quest, they find a plastic bird and knew it to be Dave. They knew in their hearts that Dave loved them and that their destinies were tied to him.