text:
You wake up in the morning just like everyone else. Your alarm rings, and you think “I should have gotten more sleep last night. That was a really poor choice I made to wait until 11 to go to bed when I knew that I had to get up early in the morning for school.” You think about it for a little bit, but decide that further thought isn’t of much use. You try to shake the tired off your eyelids as you yawn and swing your legs off of your bed.

As you adorn yourself with all sorts of colorful fabric stitched together into different shapes and garments, you think about all the stuff you’re about to fill a day with. There’s school, and then maybe you’re going to talk to some friends. You have some pretty great friends. Friends named Steve, or Clarice, or maybe even Betsy. Betsy is a good friend. You’ve known her since third grade and you two have always gotten along well.

You pour some cow milk onto your corn flakes and sit down for a heaping bowl of breakfast. Your hands shuttle portions of cereal from the bowl to their demise inside your mouth. “Don’t fret, cornflakes, your anguish is not in vain.” You think. Some might say you’re a little too sympathetic towards your cereal, but it doesn’t bother you. You’re a wonderful person. “You’re giving me energy to face a grand day; you’re a terrific little cereal.”  You idly read about the cereal you’re eating on the back of the box. You see smiling people, they must be happy because they’re eating cornflakes. You think they should just be happy because they’re alive, but you finish your cornflakes and don’t have time to think about it.

You go back upstairs, to your desk. It’s a good kind of messy- the kind of messy that shows you’re too busy working on important things to keep your desk clean, but not so messy that folks think you’re an outright slob. You gather up tomes of knowledge and dump them into your backpack. You slip the straps onto your shoulders. It’s not the most comfortable arrangement, but you’re just grateful that you have a backpack full of books that are in turn full of all kinds of knowledge and facts. People always told you that knowledge is power. You just think that knowledge was knowledge, but that doesn’t keep it from being pretty wonderful.

You go to school and learn all about new things and think all sorts of new thoughts. Your English teacher is a sad old man. It seems as if he wakes up every morning and sighs out his sadness, instead of breathing in the new day. He tells your class to read three chapters in Catcher in the Rye for tomorrow and summarize them. So far you find the book deeply fascinating. It seems that Holden has a lot to complain about, but you think his life seems OK. All the kids in your class grumble at the homework that seems to accumulate without fail every day in school. You quietly write down the assignment and leave the class with everyone else.

It’s lunchtime, and you arrive a little late to the lunch line. Most folks have already gotten to the line and are waiting to buy food, but you see some friends and start talking to them. You’re talking with your friends about things you enjoy doing, like watching sports and going to the movies. You really enjoy talking to your friends, and before you know it, you’re getting your food. You don’t really like the school’s food, but you’re just glad that you get a meal every day.

After lunch is over, you go to history class. Today the teacher, a middle aged woman with plenty of gusto who really enjoys teaching her students, is teaching your class about World War 2. Some of the kids seem interested in the topic, but some of the kids just dutifully get out their spiral notebooks and dull pencils and write down some of the things the teacher says. The teacher talks about all the awful travesties committed in war with enthusiasm, but it wasn’t a strange amount of enthusiasm, just enough to show that she enjoyed her job and no more. To you, it seemed irreverent to not be sad when talking about all that death. You recall the words of Stalin, who said one death is a tragedy but a million deaths is a statistic. It was a pretty morbid saying by who you would consider to be a bad man, but it seemed to surmise your thoughts well.

School ends, and most people seem happy. You hear people talking about how the day went fast, and other people saying about how the day dragged on and on. On the way home, you ponder the duality of this statement, how a day to some can be a labored affair and for others it sails by. To you it just seems as if a day is 24 hours long. There are some things that you find confusing, but other things that you think are fairly self-explanatory. After a little while, you’re at home.

You have a glass of water. The ice you put in the water chills the water, and your hand as you hold it. It tastes good, even though water doesn’t really have a taste. You also eat some crackers, because you’re kind of hungry, but dinner isn’t for a while. The salty crackers make you thirsty, and you finish your water and put the glass in the sink. Then you take your backpack with you and go upstairs.

You once again splay the books in your backpack all over your pleasantly messy desk. You’d like to get your homework done before you relax; it always made more sense to you to get the unpleasant things in life out of way early so you didn’t have to worry about them when you were doing leisurely things. You take open the appropriate books to the relevant pages and begin learning what they had to say and writing things down in the manner various teachers suggested you do.

You work clear until dinner, and your mom calls you downstairs. Walking downstairs, you see an arrangement meticulously prepared by your mother. There are delicious meats and vegetables and all the silverware lined up like it’s supposed to be. You ask your mother what the occasion is, and she just smiles and says she was in a good mood. You and your mother and your father and your little sister sit down at the table and eat together. Your mom asks your dad about how his day was, and he says it was a hard day at the office but he got a lot done. There are a few moments of silence garnished with the sound of food being consumed, and then your father asks you how your day was. You say it was fairly typical and nice, not because you want to be dismissive of your dad, but because you can’t really think of anything interesting that happened. You share about all the things you’re learning about, about Holden Caulfield and about the Battle of the Bulge. Your parents nod with interest while chewing meat and then sipping water. You wonder how much your parents are really interested in your day, but regardless, you’re glad they asked.

After dinner, you help put the dishes into the dishwasher without being asked. Your parents thank you for your help. You pour yourself a glass of milk and take some cookies upstairs, settling into a comfortable chair and an entertaining book. You nibble on the cookies and the crumbs fall down into the creases of the book. You try to brush them out, but there comes a point where your fingers are too wide to reach the small valleys formed by the binding of book. You feel kind of bad, because this is a book you’re borrowing from the library, but not too bad.

Later in the evening, after you’ve learned all about strange fantastical lands and engaging, heroic characters in your book, you see that it’s around 9:30. This isn’t terribly late in the evening, but you figure it would be a good idea to get some more sleep after waking up so tired this morning, because you stayed out with friends last night. You say goodnight to your parents, and then to your sister, and go into your room and fold yourself into bed.

As you wait for sleep to find you and take you to a world of your subconscious, you lay still in your bed, listening to a fan you keep running back and forth to keep silence at bay. You know that some people like their room to be quiet and dark when they fall asleep, but you’ve always been bothered by little bumps and sounds far away when you’re trying to fall asleep, so you keep a fan by your bed. You think about what kind of day it’s been, and all the things you’ve done. You start to drift off to sleep with a quaint little smile on your face.

It was a pretty good day. You’re certainly not a bad person, but you don’t think too highly of yourself, and certainly don’t think of yourself explicitly as a wonderful person, but I do. I think you’re just wonderful.

title: You are a wonderful person: A whimsical short story from my heart to yours.

question: What mood is the author trying to evoke?

answer: Introspective, analytically considering all of the things we take for granted in a typical day.


split: train

text:
CARMELO_ANTHONY_KYRIE_IRVING.JPG

Would it be worth for the Cavs to trade their No. 1 overall pick to pair Carmelo Anthony with Kyrie Irving?

_(Joshua Gunter, Plain Dealer file photo)_

CLEVELAND, Ohio — The Cleveland Cavaliers currently hold the No. 1 overall pick in the NBA Draft.

Could that be what brings Carmelo Anthony to the Cavs?

David Pingalore, a sports reporter with WKMG Channel 6 in Orlando, Fla., who once worked at WOIO Channel 19 in Cleveland, Tweeted on Thursday that a sign-and-trade deal with the New York Knicks involving the Cavs' top pick could be in the works:

Pingalore's report didn't appear to catch on with other media outlets late Thursday night. There have been of rumors about Anthony ending up in Miami with LeBron James, although Heat President Pat Riley called that a "pipe dream" on Thursday.

But there also is speculation that the foot injury to top prospect Joel Embiid might change the Cavs' strategy one week before the NBA Draft.

Should the Cavs consider trading the No. 1 pick for Anthony, who has averaged 27.4 points and 8.1 rebounds in his 11 seasons but never has been close to an NBA Finals? Or should they hold onto the pick and take a chance with Embiid, Andrew Wiggins or Jabari Parker?

Cavs fans have been piping up on Twitter and many are skeptical about Pingalore's report. Anthony did not fare well in a poll Thursday on Cleveland.com asking readers about a possible pairing of James and him with the Cavs.

Note to readers: if you purchase something through one of our affiliate links we may earn a commission.

question: Who holds the No. 1 overall pick in the NBA Draft?

answer: The Cleveland Cavaliers

question: What is the article all about?

answer: If it was worth it for the Cavs to trade their No. 1 overall pick to trade for Carmelo Anthony so he can play alongside Kyrie Irving.

question: Who is the projected No. 1 overall pick in the draft?

answer: Top prospect Joel Embiid

question: What is sports reporter David Pingalore saying?

answer: He says that a sign-and-trade deal with the New York Knicks involving the Cavs' top pick could be in the works, but it's pure speculation.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of the article, there was speculation that the Cleveland Cavaliers, owners of the No. 1 overall pick in the NBA draft, were going to trade it for Carmelo Anthony to give Kyrie Irving another superstar to play alongside with. Former Cavs reporter, David Pingalore, Tweeted on Thursday that a sign-and-trade deal with the New York Knicks involving the Cavs' top pick was in the works because top prospect Joel Embiid injured his foot. However, it is all speculative at this point and actually goes against what other media outlets were saying (Anthony going to Miami to play with Lebron).


text:
DOLEGA DISTRICT () is a district (_distrito_) of Chiriquí Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 17,243.[1] The district covers a total area of 249 km². The capital lies at the city of Dolega.[2]

Administrative divisions

Dolega District is divided administratively into the following _corregimientos_:

-   San Francisco de Dolega (capital)
-   Dos Ríos
-   Los Anastacios
-   Potrerillos
-   Potrerillos Abajo
-   Rovira
-   Tinajas
-   Los Algarrobos

[1]

[2]

title: Dolega District

question: What country is the Dolega District in?

answer: The Dolega District is in the country of Panama.

question: As of 2000, what was the population of the Dolega District?

answer: As of 2000, the population of the Dolega District was 17,243.

question: How large is the Dolega District?

answer: The Dolega District has a total area of 249 square kilometers.

question: What is the capital of the Dolega District?

answer: Dolega is the capital of the Dolega District.

question: How many corregimientos is the Dolega District divided into?

answer: The Dolega District is divided into eight corregimientos.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Dolega District is a district of Chiriquí Province in Panama. It has a population of ~17,000 spread over an area of ~250 square kilometers. It is divided into eight corregimientos and its capital is Dolega.


text:
We owned the bottle the whole time we lived there, from the day we moved in. Nobody used it much; Devon and I have the basement to ourselves so we get our own fridge. He uses ketchup only with fries twice a month or so, while I myself am a Sriracha man. The thing most people don’t immediately realize when they move out of home is that the kitchen, a once magical and generous place that gratified you with instant food and satisfaction, on your own becomes a burdensome, dark and dingy room whose contents are always scarce and incompatible. Well, it was like that for us. We didn’t cook much, and we weren’t inclined to spend much time competing with the bugs for space in our cramped kitchen. We found out through the grapevine that our landlord was in fact a stubborn sort of miser who gutted, wired, and walled the house without any help. Help costs money to a man with no friends. In those slanted rooms we stood when we decided to thusly rename him slumlord.

I clearly remember once being a more naive high school version of my self, dreaming of the day life granted me autonomy, as if that somehow includes the skills necessary to live on one’s own. Those days, I imagined credulously that I would teach myself to cook great things once I had my own place. But too soon into university did work and school brandish their heavy burdens. In the sparse moments of freedom and idleness, time was a ration; something to be used on preservation rather than sacrificed on expansion (although I did get a build a sweet aquarium over the year, but that’s another story). As a result, neither of us cooked so much as grazed. For a whole week I ate raw hot dogs and carrots before I forced myself to buy apples and soup. No kind of gourmet, organic, free-range food of any sort tastes better than the apple that ends the drought of raw hot dogs. The lonely contents of our fridge were primarily condiments and take-away meals. There were all the compliments and additions we needed for a meal, but no meal itself. We had every colour of paint, but no brush.

One recurring disturbance that arose from the stochastic rearranging of our fridge’s contents  confused and frustrated me and Devon. Often without warrant, the kitchen door would refuse to stay shut. What seemed like a simple problem was mysteriously adamant. There was no resistance, no visible obstruction. No; this was a more subtle and cruel refusal, one that allowed the magnetic trim of the door to first kiss that of the refrigerator unit, then slowly pry the door away from its lover. The door would tease us by feigning closure, then mockingly swinging open.

The fridge drove us insane. We took out the drawers and the shelfs and readjusted the magnetic strips. Nothing worked. For poor students, keeping food from waste was a priority. Expiry dates no longer counted; in poverty and squalor, one’s nose becomes the sole and executive arbiter of food safety. Keeping the fridge closed and cool was more important to us than any homework we did that year. But no matter what we tried, the fridge would recurrently, as if on it’s own volition, switch its magnetic strip to repel mode. For the longest time we had no idea why or how the fridge door would patently remain open. The fridge seemed to have a mind of its own and, to some degree, we respected it. Accepting the fridge’s perseverance, we would concede defeat by wedging the broom against the wall and the door in a rocky cease-fire between the fridge’s will and our own. It was one of the things that made me apt to spend a little more on the place I’m living next year.

Nevertheless, for majority of the year the adamancy of the problem overcame us. It was not until later in second semester that my housemate figured out the cause. This happened on some otherwise unremarkable day in a week during which the fridge again decided to gape open. Excitedly, as one should when they solve some complex and demanding problem, he burst into my room. The width of his smile suggested that he won some sort of Nobel Prize. “Matt,” he managed, almost panting. “It was the ketchup.”

Bemused, I followed Devon to the kitchen to witness his solution. Talking with a mixture of excitement and relief, he explained: “When the ketchup sits inside the door, it pushes the door away if it’s turned horizontally. We have to keep it parallel with the door,” he said, and enacted his description in order to exhibit the difference.

What a marvel! I was beyond words. Such an easy solution to such a complex problem. It was certainly a relief, a simple fix to a pervasive and pestering issue. For the rest of the year, we lived in harmonious cohabitation with that fridge, albeit at the price of a few sour milk cartons and rotten oranges. However, throughout the constant reshuffling of cold cuts, hot dogs, cream cheese and yogurt, one item has been left unperturbed.
	The ketchup bottle, resilient and proud, stands proudly in claimed territory, a spot on the inside railing upon which it remains parallel to the door. It has earned the spot, through rigid victory over it’s supposed owners. It controlled harmony and restored balance to our kitchen on many occasions. It’s happiness controlled us. It was omnipotent. In the squalid darkness of our kitchen, we found a light in the Ketchup God, and we obeyed it.

title: [RF] Ketchup God

question: Why did the narrator and his roommate have such a love-hate relationship with their fridge?

answer: The narrator and his roommate, Devon, do not cook much, neither do they spend lots of money stocking their fridge. Most of what the boys buy for fridge storage are condiments and fruits. One day, the fridge refused to shut. No matter what the narrator and his roommate tried the fridge would not close. Faced with the prospect of their food spoiling, they resorted to wedging the fridge against the wall and the door. This situation affected the boys' negatively until many months later when Devon discovered that the reason why the fridge was not closing was the ketchup bottle which was sitting on its side and pushing the door away. Solving this problem brought back a bit of joy to the boys, making them mindful of what goes into the fridge and how it is arranged.


text:
Space Shuttle missions designated STS-3XX (officially called LAUNCH ON NEED (LON) missions) were rescue missions which would have been mounted to rescue the crew of a Space Shuttle if their vehicle was damaged and deemed unable to make a successful reentry. Such a mission would have been flown if Mission Control determined that the heat shielding tiles and reinforced carbon-carbon panels of a currently flying orbiter were damaged beyond the repair capabilities of the available on-orbit repair methods. These missions were also referred to as LAUNCH ON DEMAND (LOD) and CONTINGENCY SHUTTLE CREW SUPPORT. The program was initiated following loss of Space Shuttle _Columbia_ in 2003. No mission of this type was launched during the Space Shuttle program.

Procedure

The orbiter and four of the crew which were due to fly the next planned mission would be retasked to the rescue mission. The planning and training processes for a rescue flight would allow NASA to launch the mission within a period of 40 days of its being called up. During that time the damaged (or disabled) shuttle's crew would have to take refuge on the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is able to support both crews for around 80 days, with oxygen supply being the limiting factor.[1] Within NASA, this plan for maintaining the shuttle crew at the ISS is known as Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS) operations.[2] Up to STS-121 all rescue missions were to be designated STS-300.

In the case of an abort to orbit, where the shuttle is unable to reach the ISS orbit and the thermal protection system inspections suggest the shuttle cannot return to Earth safely, the ISS may be capable of descent down to meet the shuttle. Such a procedure is known as a joint underspeed recovery.[3]

[_Atlantis_ and _Endeavour_ on LC-39A and LC-39B. _Endeavour_ was slated to launch on the STS-400 rescue mission if _Atlantis_ (STS-125) was unable to return safely to Earth.]

  Flight                  Rescue Flight[4][5][6][7]
  ----------------------- ---------------------------
  STS-114 (_Discovery_)   STS-300 (_Atlantis_)
  STS-121 (_Discovery_)   STS-300 (_Atlantis_)
  STS-115 (_Atlantis_)    STS-301 (_Discovery_)
  STS-116 (_Discovery_)   STS-317 (_Atlantis_)
  STS-117 (_Atlantis_)    STS-318 (_Endeavour_)
  STS-118 (_Endeavour_)   STS-322 (_Discovery_)
  STS-120 (_Discovery_)   STS-320 (_Atlantis_)
  STS-122 (_Atlantis_)    STS-323 (_Discovery_*)[8]
  STS-123 (_Endeavour_)   STS-324 (_Discovery_)
  STS-124 (_Discovery_)   STS-326 (_Endeavour_)
  STS-125 (_Atlantis_)    STS-400 (_Endeavour_)
  STS-134 (_Endeavour_)   STS-335 (_Atlantis_)

  : MISSION DESIGNATIONS FOR STS-3XX FLIGHTS

    * – originally scheduled to be _Endeavour_, changed to _Discovery_ for contamination issues.[9]

To save weight, and to allow the combined crews of both shuttles to return to Earth safely, many shortcuts would have to be made, and the risks of launching another orbiter without resolving the failure which caused the previous orbiter to become disabled would have to be faced.

Flight hardware

A number of pieces of Launch on Need flight hardware were built in preparation for a rescue mission including:

-   An extra three recumbent seats to be located in the aft middeck (ditch area)
-   Two handholds located on the starboard wall of the ditch area
-   Individual Cooling Units mounting provisions
-   Seat 5 modification to properly secure in a recumbent position
-   Mounting provisions for four additional Sky Genie egress devices (see picture on right) [Training with a Sky Genie egress device]
-   Escape Pole mounting provisions for three additional lanyards[10]

Remote Control Orbiter

The Remote Control Orbiter (RCO), also known as the Autonomous Orbiter Rapid Prototype (AORP), was a term used by NASA to describe a shuttle that could perform entry and landing without a human crew on board via remote control. NASA developed the RCO in-flight maintenance (IFM) cable to extend existing auto-land capabilities of the shuttle to allow remaining tasks to be completed from the ground. The purpose of the RCO IFM cable was to provide an electrical signal connection between the Ground Command Interface Logic (GCIL) and the flight deck panel switches. The cable is approximately long, weighs over , and has 16 connectors.[11][12] With this system, signals could be sent from the Mission Control Center to the unmanned shuttle to control the following systems:

-   Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) start and run
-   Air Data Probe (ADP) deployment
-   Main Landing Gear (MLG) arming and deployment
-   Drag chute arming and deployment
-   Fuel cell reactant valve closure

The RCO IFM cable first flew aboard STS-121 and was transferred to the ISS for storage during the mission. The cable remained aboard the ISS until the end of the Shuttle program. Prior to STS-121 the plan was for the damaged shuttle to be abandoned and allowed to burn up on reentry. The prime landing site for an RCO orbiter would be Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.[13] Edwards Air Force Base, a site already used to support shuttle landings, was the prime RCO landing site for the first missions carrying the equipment; however Vandenberg was later selected as the prime site as it is nearer the coast, and the shuttle can be ditched in the Pacific should a problem develop that would make landing dangerous. White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico is a likely alternate site.[14] A major consideration in determining the landing site would be the desire to perform a high-risk re-entry far away from populated areas. The flight resource book, and flight rules in force during STS-121 suggest that the damaged shuttle would reenter on a trajectory such that if it should break up, it would do so with debris landing in the South Pacific Ocean.[15]

The Soviet Buran shuttle was also remotely controlled during its entire maiden flight without a crew aboard. Landing was carried out by an onboard, automatic system.[16]

As of March 2011 the Boeing X-37 extended duration robotic spaceplane has demonstrated autonomous orbital flight, reentry and landing.[17][18] The X-37 was originally intended for launch from the Shuttle payload bay, but following the _Columbia_ disaster, it was launched in a shrouded configuration on an Atlas V.

Pre-ISS era

The STS-3xx missions were developed in the aftermath of the loss of _Columbia_. However, NASA spent some effort researching rescue options even before the disaster. Before the ISS was launched, or in the event of a Shuttle being unable to reach the station, crews would have had to transfer directly between Shuttles. The orbiters would have been unable to dock, so while they used their RMS arms to grapple each other, the crew would have made an EVA between the Shuttles. This would have been carried out using the two EVA-designated mission specialists wearing the Shuttle/ISS Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits, while the remaining crew would have been sealed up in pressurized Personal Rescue Enclosure and carried over either by hand, or using a pulley system (akin to that of a clothesline pulley) like that employed in the Apollo program for lifting samples from the Moon's surface into the Lunar Module.

Sample timeline

Had a LON mission been required, a timeline would have been developed similar to the following:

-   FD-10 A decision on the requirement for Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS) is expected by flight day 10 of a nominal mission.
-   FD-10 Shortly after the need for CSCS operations a group C powerdown of the shuttle will take place.
-   FD-11->21 During flight days 11 ~ 21 of the mission the shuttle will remain docked to the international space station (ISS) with the hatch open. Various items will be transferred between the shuttle and ISS.
-   FD-21 Hatch closure will be conducted from the ISS side. The shuttle crew remains on the ISS, leaving the shuttle unmanned
-   FD-21 Deorbit Burn – Burn occurs four hours after separation. Orbiter lands at Vandenberg Air Force Base under remote control from Houston. (Prior to STS-121, the payload bay doors would have been left open to promote vehicle breakup.)
-   FD-45 Launch of rescue flight. 35 days from call-up to Launch for the rescue flight is a best-estimate of the minimum time it will take before a rescue flight is launched.[19]
-   FD-45->47 The rescue flight catches up with the ISS, conducting heat shield inspections en route.
-   FD-47 The rescue flight docks with the station, on day three of its mission.
-   FD-48 Shuttle crew enters the rescue orbiter. Vehicle with a crew complement of 11 undocks from ISS.
-   FD-49 Rescue orbiter re-enters atmosphere over Indian or Pacific Ocean for landing at either Kennedy Space Center or Edwards Air Force Base. A Russian _Progress_ resupply spacecraft is launched at later date to resupply ISS crew. ISS precautionary de-crew preparations begin.
-   FD-58 De-crew ISS due to ECLSS O₂ exhaustion in event _Progress_ unable to perform resupply function.

STS-125 rescue plan

[Comparison of International Space Station and Hubble Space Telescope orbits] STS-400 was the Space Shuttle contingency support (Launch On Need) flight that would have been launched using if a major problem occurred on during STS-125, the final Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission (HST SM-4).[20][21][22][23]

Due to the much lower orbital inclination of the HST compared to the ISS, the shuttle crew would have been unable to use the International Space Station as a “safe haven,” and NASA would not have been able to follow the usual plan of recovering the crew with another shuttle at a later date.[24] Instead, NASA developed a plan to conduct a shuttle-to-shuttle rescue mission, similar to proposed rescue missions for pre-ISS flights.[25][26][27] The rescue mission would have been launched only three days after call-up and as early as seven days after the launch of STS-125, since the crew of _Atlantis_ would only have about three weeks of consumables after launch.[28]

The mission was first rolled out in September 2008 to Launch Complex 39B two weeks after the STS-125 shuttle was rolled out to Launch Complex 39A, creating a rare scenario in which two shuttles were on launch pads at the same time.[29] In October 2008, however, STS-125 was delayed and rolled back to the VAB.

Initially, STS-125 was retargeted for no earlier than February 2009. This changed the STS-400 vehicle from _Endeavour_ to _Discovery_. The mission was redesignated STS-401 due to the swap from _Endeavour_ to _Discovery_. STS-125 was then delayed further, allowing _Discovery_ mission STS-119 to fly beforehand. This resulted in the rescue mission reverting to _Endeavour_, and the STS-400 designation being reinstated.[30] In January, 2009, it was announced that NASA was evaluating conducting both launches from Complex 39A in order to avoid further delays to Ares I-X, which, at the time, was scheduled for launch from LC-39B in the September 2009 timeframe.[31] It was planned that after the STS-125 mission in October 2008, Launch Complex 39B would undergo the conversion for use in Project Constellation for the Ares I-X rocket.[32] Several of the members on the NASA mission management team said at the time (2009) that single-pad operations were possible, but the decision was made to use both pads.[33][34]

Crew

The crew assigned to this mission was a subset of the STS-126 crew:[35][36]

Early mission plans

[_Atlantis_ (foreground) and _Endeavour_ on LC-39A and LC-39B in 2008.] Three different concept mission plans were evaluated: The first would be to use a shuttle-to-shuttle docking, where the rescue shuttle docks with the damaged shuttle, by flying upside down and backwards, relative to the damaged shuttle.[37] It was unclear whether this would be practical, as the forward structure of either orbiter could collide with the payload bay of the other, resulting in damage to both orbiters. The second option that was evaluated, would be for the rescue orbiter to rendezvous with the damaged orbiter, and perform station-keeping while using its Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to transfer crew from the damaged orbiter. This mission plan would result in heavy fuel consumption. The third concept would be for the damaged orbiter to grapple the rescue orbiter using its RMS, eliminating the need for station-keeping.[38] The rescue orbiter would then transfer crew using its RMS, as in the second option, and would be more fuel efficient than the station-keeping option.[39]

The concept that was eventually decided upon was a modified version of the third concept. The rescue orbiter would use its RMS to grapple the end of the damaged orbiter's RMS.[40][41]

Preparations

[Diagram showing one of the proposals for crew and equipment transfers during STS-400.] After its most recent mission (STS-123), _Endeavour_ was taken to the Orbiter Processing Facility for routine maintenance. Following the maintenance, _Endeavour_ was on stand-by for STS-326 which would have been flown in the case that STS-124 would not have been able to return to Earth safely. Stacking of the solid rocket boosters (SRB) began on 11 July 2008. One month later, the external tank arrived at KSC and was mated with the SRBs on 29 August 2008. _Endeavour_ joined the stack on 12 September 2008 and was rolled out to Pad 39B one week later.

Since STS-126 launched before STS-125, _Atlantis_ was rolled back to the VAB on 20 October, and _Endeavour_ rolled around to Launch Pad 39A on 23 October. When it was time to launch STS-125, _Atlantis_ rolled out to pad 39A.[42]

Mission plan

The Mission would not have included the extended heatshield inspection normally performed on flight day two.[43][44] Instead, an inspection would have been performed after the crew was rescued.[45][46] On flight day two, _Endeavour_ would have performed the rendezvous and grapple with _Atlantis_.[47][48] On flight day three, the first EVA would have been performed.[49][50][51] During the first EVA, Megan McArthur, Andrew Feustel and John Grunsfeld would have set up a tether between the airlocks.[52][53] They would have also transferred a large size Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) and, after McArthur had repressurized, transferred McArthur's EMU back to _Atlantis_. Afterwards they would have repressurized on _Endeavour_, ending flight day two activities.[54]

The final two EVA were planned for flight day three.[55][56] During the first, Grunsfeld would have depressurized on _Endeavour_ in order to assist Gregory Johnson and Michael Massimino in transferring an EMU to _Atlantis_. He and Johnson would then repressurize on _Endeavour_, and Massimino would have gone back to _Atlantis_.[57] He, along with Scott Altman and Michael Good would have taken the rest of the equipment and themselves to _Endeavour_ during the final EVA. They would have been standing by in case the RMS system should malfunction.[58] The damaged orbiter would have been commanded by the ground to deorbit and go through landing procedures over the Pacific, with the impact area being north of Hawaii.[59][60] On flight day five, _Endeavour_ would have had a full heat shield inspection, and land on flight day eight.[61][62][63]

This mission could have marked the end of the Space Shuttle program, as it is considered unlikely that the program would have been able to continue with just two remaining orbiters, _Discovery_ and _Endeavour_.[64]

On Thursday, 21 May 2009, NASA officially released _Endeavour_ from the rescue mission, freeing the orbiter to begin processing for STS-127. This also allowed NASA to continue processing LC-39B for the upcoming Ares I-X launch, as during the stand-down period, NASA installed a new lightning protection system, similar to those found on the Atlas V and Delta IV pads, to protect the newer, taller Ares I rocket from lightning strikes.[65][66]

STS-335

STS-134 was the last scheduled flight of the Shuttle program. Because no more were planned after this, a special mission was developed as STS-335 to act as the LON mission for this flight. This would have paired _Atlantis_ with ET-122, which had been refurbished following damage by Hurricane Katrina.[67] Since there would be no next mission, STS-335 would also carry a Multi-Purpose Logistics Module filled with supplies to replenish the station.[68]

The Senate authorized STS-135 as a regular flight on 5 August 2010,[69] followed by the House on 29 September 2010,[70] and later signed by President Obama on 11 October 2010.[71] However funding for the mission remained dependent on a subsequent appropriations bill.

Nonetheless NASA converted STS-335, the final Launch On Need mission, into an operational mission (STS-135) on 20 January 2011.[72] On 13 February 2011, program managers told their workforce that STS-135 would fly “regardless” of the funding situation via a continuing resolution.[73] Finally the U.S. government budget approved in mid-April 2011 called for $5.5 billion for NASA's space operations division, including the Space Shuttle and space station programs. According to NASA, the budget running through 30 September 2011 ended all concerns about funding the STS-135 mission.[74]

With the successful completion of STS-134, STS-335 was rendered unnecessary and launch preparations for STS-135 continued as _Atlantis_ neared LC-39A during her rollout as STS-134 landed at the nearby Shuttle Landing Facility.[75]

For the STS-135, no shuttle was available for a rescue mission. A different rescue plan was devised, involving the four crew members remaining aboard the International Space Station, and returning aboard Soyuz spacecraft one at a time over the next year. That contingency was not required.

In popular culture

_Launch On Need: The Quest to Save Columbia's Crew_ is a 2010 fiction novel by Daniel Guiteras, where Atlantis is pressed into service to rescue the crew of STS-107.

[1]

[2]

[3] Engineering for Complex Systems Knowledge Engineering for Safety and Success Project

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Nasa Assurance Technology Center News Article

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12] USA Master Template - Revised

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19] Contingency Shuttle Crew Support (CSCS)/Rescue Flight Resource Book. 12 July 2005 p. 101

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72] Dean, James “Atlantis officially named final shuttle mission” (23 January 2010) _Florida Today_

[73] NASA managers insist STS-135 will fly – Payload options under assessment NASASpaceFlight.com

[74]

[75] Endeavour arrives home one final time to conclude STS-134 | NASASpaceFlight.com

title: STS-3xx

question: What if a Space Shuttle was damaged beyond the repair capabilities of the available on-orbit repair methods?

answer: STS-3XX would have been mounted to rescue the crew.

question: Why is ISS able to support two crews for only 80 days?

answer: Because of limited oxygen supply.

question: What if a shuttle was unable to reach the ISS orbit?

answer: The ISS would descent down to meet the shuttle.

question: Describe pre-ISS era.

answer: Before the ISS was launched, or in the event of a Shuttle being unable to reach the station, crews would have had to transfer directly between Shuttles.


text: It was a beautiful, sunny day. The wind was blowing just the right way, like it was purposely missing the hair of the three girls walking home. Each had on a blue blazer with the school crest for thorns high, the local private school. One had tall, thin legs that seemed to go on forever. She had long, curly blonde ringlets flowing down to her lower back. Next to her was an averaged height red head. Her hair was short and partly died blue to match the blazer. She was talking to the third girl. The third was short with curly brown hair that was even longer than the blondes. Even though the red headed girl seemed to be in a serious conversation with her,the brunet  seemed distracted almost gone from her body. She kept thinking of the past twenty four hours of her life. Why had her mother decided to have a midlife crises? Now, of all the times in her life to have a crises this was the worst. She had just become head cheerleader and James, a guy she has been crushing on since she was old enough to read vogue, had final asked her out."okay fine then I guess your right I will get a tattoo and then join a gang from Russia!"Said the red head. "Eh uh, yeah sounds great Luce" said the brunette. Lucy turned to the blonde in aggravation. " Kenzie are you even listening?" Lucy said. " uh what"said Kenzie finally coming out of her daze. She turned to look at Lucy noticing her angry face. "I'm sorry Luce, I just have a lot on my mind. What is it you were saying?" "I was saying that with prom coming up we need to decide what, who and where?" Luce said happy to have some attention. " what, who and where?"  Asked the blonde in curiosity." Yes, Rebecca what, what are we all going to wear, who, whose all of our lucky dates, and where, where's the after party?" " oh uh well I don't know about party I'm not sure I want to go anywhere after" said Rebecca. "Becs your joking right? Your not seriously considering ditching us prom night. You know what I always say?" Said Lucy trying to convince her friend." I know, I know" said Rebecca " friends for life till the end and beyond" Said Rebecca trying her best to make fun of Lucy's saying. " not funny, and I'm serious we stick together through thick and thin... And prom!" Said Lucy about to burst from excitement."guys, guys enough with the prom talk okay let's just get through midterms then prom, i promise." Said Kenzie clearly not wanted to discuss further. As the three girls got to there street Rebecca noticed the moving truck in front of Kenzie's house. "Uh, Kenzie whose moving in your grandmother?" "No, not that I now of."said Kenzie curious about what was going at her house. She turned to her friends and said goodbye. She then ran up her drive way, past the truck and into her house. When she walked in she noticed the bare walls and floors. The foyer was completely blank except for the two large movers bringing out her bed. As they walked out she caught a sight of her mother in the kitchen directing there maids as they packed dishes." Ehhhh, frank please don't drop that it's an antique from France!" Cried Kenzie's mom. "Hey mom, what's going on? What's with all the huge guys" said Kenzie as she grabbed a cup from a nearby shelf. As she walked to the sink. Her  mother turned towards her. " oh um sweetie we need to talk" Kenzie turned nervously towards her mother knowing her tone of voice was the sympathetic one she always used when something bad was about to happened. "Wait, when you said we are going to move you didn't mean after my senior year this summer did you?" Said Kenzie trying to understand what was going on." Well, honey that's what I wanted to tell you. Surprise! I got a building sooner than later. We're moving tomorrow. The guys are here for our stuff today." Kenzie dropped her cup immediately.  "WHAT!!?" Said Kenzie as she saw her friends and her amazing life go by."Kenzie, me and your father told you last night that we thought we needed a new start and that when we could get a building for my new shop we were moving. Nothing new is happening." " mom, not fair you know I never thought it would happen so soon, prom isn't that far away please can we stay till graduation it's only in a few months?" Said Kenzie hoping to convince her."Kenzie it's over we're leaving. End of discussion" her mom said trying frantically to continue packing the kitchen. Kenzie decided to try a different tactic with her mom."fine but how about we make a deal?" " like what?"  Kenzie thought of what she was going to say. "How about if I don't like our new home in a month we move back just in time for prom and graduation and you buy me a new car?" Kenzie's mom thought over the new proposition."and if you like it in a month?" "Then I stay for the rest of senior year and go to a college close to home. I know you want me too!" As Kenzie's mom thought it over Kenzie realized that there was no way to trick her mom about liking the new place. Her mom had always had a weird gift for telling if someone lied. So if Kenzie happened to really like the new place her friends would kill her for staying and missing all the glorious senior privileges. "You have deal! One month nothing more nothing less." "Oh , thank you so much Lucy and Rebecca  will be so happy!" Kenzie ran to her mom and gave her a huge hug. She then happily skipped to her room in an excited daze. Maybe it wouldn't be so bad to get a new start. It might actually be fun but of course she'll always love thorns high. Wait where did her mom said they were moving to? Hopefully somewhere in California her home town, so that she can see her friends. When she got to her room she noticed a mover in her room. "Oh, hi sorry it's just that this is my room and I was hoping to pack some things for the move!" The mover then turned to leave. As she turned towers him to escorts him out of her room she noticed the mover was young and handsome. He had the look of a model mixed with a football player. " hey, names Blake sorry ill get out of your hair." He then turned to leave." Oh well you don't have to I'm just grabbing something's" Kenzie went to her closet to get all of her most beautiful things to impress Blake.She went to grab her coach bag when she heard a crash from across the room. She turned to see what it was in time to notice Blake catch a falling eyeliner from her desk. He caught it so quickly that it barely even left the desk. Kenzie stood amazed at what she had just witnessed." What, you look like you just say a ghost?" Blake said " you just...you just...you just caught my liner a second before it touched the ground!" " yeah, I guess I just have killer reflexes" said Blake trying to dismiss the comment. Blake put the liner down on the table and walked out of the room. Kenzie ran after him to say that it was okay. She grabbed his arm."wow, your really hot. Are you feeling okay" "don't touch me!" Blake said as he ripped his arm away from Kenzie and continued out the door way."wow, that was weird. He felt like my straightener set to its highest temp." She then went to her closet and finished packing the rest of her belongings.

title: Liquid Shadow

question: Will the girls go to the party after Prom?

answer: Maybe, if Kenzie does not move.

question: Why is the brunette's mother having a midlife crisis?

answer: Unknown.

question: Is Lucy going to join a gang in Russia?

answer: Unknown.

question: Will Lucy stay head cheerleader?

answer: Unknown.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Kenzie is walking home with her friends from Thorn High, wondering why her mother is having a midlife crisis. She returns home to find her mother is moving, and Kenzie makes a deal with her to try to hold onto her old life. She is attracted to one of the movers, named Blake, but he rebuffs her.


text:
The _Bajirao Mastani_ actress gets candid about her views on love, relationship and marriage!

It's not easy to be a multi-tasker. It is all the more difficult to be good at all the tasks. And it is almost impossible to be the best. But Priyanka Chopra is proving us all wrong! A woman of many many talents, Ms Chopra is a brilliant actress, a great dancer, an excellent singer, a doting daughter and above all, she's an awesome person; one of the very few heroines in the industry who is friends with most of her colleagues. The gorgeous diva is best at everything she does; so it is given that she would do her best at being a wife too, right? Well the actress admitted it herself. Also Read - Deepika Padukone's Padmavati starts rolling on a musical note!

While talking to a popular glossy, the actress said, "I don’t consider myself a star or an actor. I consider myself an achiever. I just want to achieve. May be, I will be an achiever as a wife; I will be the best wife ever. I want to be the best in anything that comes my way." Also Read - IIFA Awards 2016 LIVE: Priyanka Chopra's melodious singing will leave you AMAZED - watch video!

Now we wouldn't have bought that so easily had her opinion on love, relationship and marriage been unknown to us. While talking to the same mag, PC revealed that she firmly believes that "love can sustain a lot of problems." Unlike her character in_Dil Dhadakne Do_, the real life Priyankais not one who'd be in a relationship for the sake of it. "People need to be happy. You need to be in love if you are with someone. If you’re not in love then how would you stay in a relationship?" she quipped. Also Read - Bajirao Mastani and Befikre have set Ranveer Singh APART from the rest of the actors, suggests trade expert!

The _Bajirao Mastani_actress furthers said, "I believe that if I get married, whenever I do, I am not the kind of girl who will leave someone just because we had a fight. I don’t believe that in that. I believe love sustains a lot of problems. As long as there is love you can overcome anything." Hmmmm... we agree girl. All we can say is that whoever PC chooses as her life partner will be one LUCKY guy!

STAY TUNED TO BOLLYWOODLIFE FOR THE LATEST SCOOPS AND UPDATES FROM BOLLYWOOD, HOLLYWOOD, SOUTH, TV AND WEB-SERIES.
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-   Bykiran kaur
-   __
-   Published: July 27, 2015 11:08 PM IST

question: What is unique about Chopra in the industry?

answer: She is a friend to all her colleagues.

question: What does Ms Chopra believe you need in order to stay in a relationship?

answer: Love, and to be happy.

question: What country is the publication Bollywood Life mostly focused on?

answer: India.

question: What genre of movie do this article and publication highlight?

answer: Bollywood/musical.

question: Since she is so good at everything else, at which role does Chopra think she'd also excel?

answer: A wife.


text:
Think your job is just to stock great products and market them in a way that they fly off the shelves? In the heady world of multi-retail offerings, your job is much more complex than that. Consumers want to know that there is social value in your products. They need to know that when they buy into your brand, you are responsible enough to play your part in contributing to a greener, fairer more egalitarian world.

The concept of socially valuable products has been around for a while, but as marketing strategies become more personalised, social responsibility is getting pushed to the fore. Think about it. You want to appeal to your customers on a personal level. Therefor it will serve you well to promote the concepts and causes that they care about.

As we become increasingly aware as a society of global issues and crisis around the world, we become more aware of inter-connectivity and the need to lead a charitable and sustainable life. Using retailers and websites that are socially aware in some sort of capacity, is favoured by the modern day consumer. Consumers feel like they are not only enjoying new products, but giving something back. It is guilt-free consumption.

You don’t have to look too far to see how eCommerce and philanthropy has blended together well. Philanthropy has allowed brands to reposition themselves in the market place as socially aware, thus capturing a slightly different audience that craves that meaningful purchase.

TOMS is a company that embodies these ideals. With a One for One philosophy, it pledges to help a person in need for every one of its products that is purchased. What they are essentially offering customers is the opportunity to feel good and satisfy their need or want for new shoes. It has proved incredibly effective with sales of TOMS reaching huge heights over the last few years.

Judging by the success of similar philanthropic companies, there is every reason to believe that this movement could fundamentally change company culture. It is already increasing consumer spending.

Let’s take a look at some other companies killing it on the social responsibility front:

Chipotle

These guys have opted to go down the environmental route and have promoted their long-term partnerships with farmers and pasture-raised animals. This has allowed these guys to create a clever USP and promote themselves as “food with integrity.” Chipotle addresses the concerns of those consumers worried about the impact the food they eat has on local farmers and whether or not they receive a fair wage and if the ingredients are ethically farmed. There are few fast food outlets opting to go down the ethical route in their marketing. Chipotle are reporting healthy growth as a result of their change in strategy.

Patagonia

Far from making it an afterthought in their small print, clothing brand Patagonia has put its charitable efforts at the forefront of all its ad campaigns. In a bid to make consumers aware of the environmental impact of the clothes they buy, their campaigns led with the tag-line “don’t buy our jackets.” The subversive nature of this campaign immediately draws consumers in and causes them to explore in more detail what the brand is actually promoting. If the philanthropic nature of the brand doesn’t draw the consumer in the outrageous tagline will, increasing brand awareness and in this case increasing sales.

Ben and Jerry’s

Not ones to be left out of the latest marketing trends, Ben and Jerry’s have started promoting fair trade and non-GMO. The brand uses its conversational style to talk about sustainability and engage consumers. The focus on social issues doesn’t seem like a change in direction for the brand as the tone of voice has not changed. In the case of Ben and Jerry’s, consumers feel like they are buying into something worthwhile.

So there you have it, with a focus on social issues brands can engage consumers on a personal level and reassure them that they understand their need to give back, as well as purchase great products. Consumers want more than just commodities, they want to know that they are expressing their own personal values, through using your services. If consumers do sense all these things, then you can be sure to see a spike in sales, as a result of increased consumer spending.

question: What is the text trying to emphasize?

answer: The text emphasizes the consumer need for socially conscious products, and the use of this need in marketing strategy to make a brand more appealing. The article uses examples from TOMS, Chipotle, Patagonia, and Ben and Jerry's to illustrate how people are drawn to marketing campaigns that highlight how a company is seen to be improving the world.

question: What is the author’s perspective?

answer: The author approaches the topic from a primarily capitalist point of view, advising brands to take up a sustainable image in order to capitalize on the social trend. Philanthropy is presented as not only positive in its own right, but useful in attracting a potentially untapped market.

question: What does the text say about sneaker design?


text:
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question: Summarize the professional plan for podcasts that is stated in the text.

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question: Would this article be helpful to someone who wants to learn how to create a podcast?


text:
The COMMUNICATION MANAGERS' ASSOCIATION (CMA) was a trade union representing managers in the United Kingdom, principally those working for the Post Office.

The union was founded in 1952 with the merger of the Post Office Controlling Officers' Association, the London Postal Superintending Officers' Association, and the Central Telegraph Superintending Officers' Association, the three unions have co-operated since 1916 in the Federation of Post Office Supervisory Officers. Initially named the ASSOCIATION OF POST OFFICE CONTROLLING OFFICERS (APOCO), it was joined by the Postal Inspectors' Association in 1959, and in 1968 decided to rename itself as the POST OFFICE MANAGEMENT STAFF ASSOCIATION (POMA), to reflect its broader membership.[1]

The union affiliated to the Trades Union Congress in 1966.[2] It was also affiliated to the Federation of Post Office Unions, the National Federation of Professional Workers, and the Postal Telegraph and Telephone International.[3] In 1981, it took its final name, the “Communication Managers' Association”.[4]

By 1982, the union had 19,500 members, and published a monthly journal, _New Management_.[5] In 1998, it merged into the Manufacturing, Science and Finance union.[6]

General Secretaries

    1952: L. F. Pratt

1980-1989 Robert Cowley

    1980s: Terry Deegan

[1] Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan, _Historical Directory of Trade Unions_, vol.1, p.179

[2]

[3]

[4] University of Warwick, “Communication Managers' Association”

[5]

[6] Gary N. Chaison, _Union Mergers in Hard Times: The View from Five Countries_, pp.175-184

title: Communication Managers' Association

question: Where was the association active?

answer: The United Kingdom

question: When was the association founded?

answer: 1952

question: Who did the union represent?

answer: Managers in the UK, principally those working for the Post Office

question: How did the union end?

answer: It merged into the Manufacturing, Science, and Finance union in 1998

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Communication Managers' Association was a trade union which represented managers working for the Post Office in the United Kingdom. It was founded 1952, and in 1998 it was merged into the Manufacturing, Science, and Finance union.


text:
HANWHA TOTAL PETROCHEMICAL CO., LTD., (Hangul: 한화토탈) is a joint venture between Hanwha General Chemicals and Total S.A.[1][2] Both companies own a 50% partnership in the venture.

Founded in 2003 as a joint venture between Samsung General Chemicals and Total (as Samsung Atofina; changed name to Samsung Total in 2004), it was sold to Hanwha in 2015.

The company manufactures building block chemicals that go into the making of a host of other chemicals needed to make various consumer products. It starts with a naphtha cracker, yielding propylene and ethylene, which are the raw materials in the production of all manner of polymers. Hanwha Total divides its operations in three: polymer production (polyethylene, polypropylene, high- and low-density polyethylene), base chemicals (selling the ethylene and propylene the company doesn't use itself, as well as aromatics used to make the materials that go into synthetic fibers), and oil products (jet, diesel, gasoline,...)[3]

Hanwha Total Petrochemicals is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, but operates a large petrochemical complex, consisting of 13 separate plants, at Daesan, in Korea’s Chungnam Province.[4] The partnership employs 1100 people.

Hanwha Total's headquarters are located at Daesan, the South Chungcheong Province in South Korea. And in addition, PP, PE compounding plant was at Dongkwan in China. Sales offices are operated in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju and Daejeon. In Asia, Hanwha Total's sales offices are located in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Nagoya.

[1] http://www.hoovers.com/Samsung-Total-Petrochemicals-Co.,-Ltd./--ID__140139--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Hanwha Total

question: What is Hanwha Total?

answer: A joint venture between Hanwha General Chemicals and Total S.A.

question: What sort of products does Hanwha Total manufacture?

answer: Building block chemicals that are used to make a host of other chemicals needed for consumer products. It has three operations: polymer production, base chemicals, and oil products.

question: Where is Hanwha Total headquarters?

answer: Seoul, South Korea

question: When was Hanwha Total founded?

answer: 2003

question: Who is the CEO of Hanwha Total?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Hanwha Total is a petrochemicals company tfounded in 2003 as a joint venture between Hanwha General Chemicals and Total S.A. They produce building block chemicals, with operations divided into three categories: pulymer production, base chemicals, and oil products. They are headquartered in Seoul, South Korea.


text:
I was born full-blooded princess with a bit of fairy powers. I was raised in an intricate stone four-story palace. My room was on the top floor. It had a pink Fisher Price vanity set and an extravagant tunnel cage for my dwarf hamster, Muffin. Along the wall I had a bay window, where I could look out and see the vast and perfectly groomed ground below. I was a powerful and graceful princess, who had everything ever needed. In this Kingdom I grew into a Queen, I was taught to be full of knowledge and love.

My father was the mighty King. He had a grand office and would care for every guest. My home had many rooms to explore. The basement was a dungeon; I was never allowed to go down the elevator. The dim chapel was great for hide and seek with my three siblings. The oval arrangement room with deep red satin chairs was the ideal place to read The Box Car Children in peace. Men would tend to the grounds and maids would dust the cherrywood stair railing. My father's guard, Steve, was a terrific man. He always worked on certificates and ascended to the basement. Occasionally, he snuck me dark chocolates from his suit pocket to satisfy my young, sweet tooth then press his finger to his smile, swearing me to secrecy.,

The castle was magical. Each morning it would fill with guest who had traveled from all walks of life in search of my father’s compassionate care. The visitors were remarkable; they always had a different age, race, shape, and size, as if they were from another land. The one common thread among them was that they always seemed so dense and weighted down by something depressing. As if the wicked White Witch from Narnia had cast them into a land of perpetual winter. My father, in his Kingly responsibility, would help them in their desperate state. They would always depart hugging my father and express gratitude to my mother for her hospitality. I believed my father had a power that could save people from anything.

The palace  was widely known for curing people who had a particular dark enchantment, the one where a body could fall into a deep slumber and never wake from it. My father would lay the individual in a beautiful personalized bed. We had a room specifically for the beds. The family would find that perfect one to help the cursed be cured. No sleeping beauty would ever stay long, because my father was mastered in his task. Each day before I would walk to school, I would pat their beds and tell them to sleep good. My proper mom would kindly correct, "Well, sleep well."

At school my best friend was Rachel. She lived in a boring suburb with her mom and brother. Although she was not a full princess, she was a faithful friend with true potential at eventually living as a royal. We would paint each other’s nails, watch princess Disney movies, and practice walking upright with books on our head. We shared a common goal in becoming Queens one day, marrying a cootie free Prince and having a castle of our own.

I love my childhood. I have no clue what made me fully believe that I was a whimsical princess. I suppose I was caught in pure bliss from my ignorance and youth. Perhaps I was hopeful that my books and Disney movies were real. Time and reality have revealed many truths to me. I came to realize I was raised in the loft of a funeral home, where my father helped the grieving memorialize their loved ones. Despite the truths, I still want to retain my prior lookout of life. I still love to look deep into rooms and search for the secrets and comforts they hold. My parents are still hardworking and loving people. Reality doesn't have to strip away beliefs that are rightfully mine. It simply adds credibility to those beliefs. I will always be a Mortician's Princess.

title: Mortician's Princess. My first post and hopefully more to come. Comments welcome!

question: Where is the princess' mother?

answer: She helped out her husband at the funeral home.

question: Why was the princess never allowed to go to the dungeon?

answer: The "dungeon" is actually a metaphor for the mortician's embalming room.

question: Why is she called a Mortician's princess?

answer: She does not actually live in a castle, she had just romanticized living in the loft of a Mortician.

question: What is the dark enchantment?

answer: The "dark enchantment" is actually a metaphor for death.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator romanticizes growing up in the loft of a funeral home. She believed she was a full-blooded princess who grew up in a castle whose King (the mortician) helped cure people of the dark enchantment curse that put people into deep slumber (death).


text:
Footsteps echo in the long stone corridor. Small chains can also be heard. The man is panting, running towards a wooden door with golden engravings. He rams in the door, forgetting about the doorknob. The door hits the Jester, who then falls to the ground and breaks his nose. In the middle of the room, is the leader. Without wasting an instant, he yells

“Sire! We are under attack!” Yells the Subreddit knight.
“What?” Screams the leader, standing up
“Yes sire! Castle Repost is breaching our walls! It won't be long now!”
“What are they after?”
“The same thing as always, they wish to break Castle AdviceAnimal's walls and reach the Front Page fortress!”
“This shouldn't be a problem, our Downvote cannons are always charged! Tell me what happened!”
“They managed to outnumber us. They silently shot down our defenses with their Upvote Cannons. From that point, they burned the front gate and slowly walked in.”
“Where are they now?” Asks the Leader
“We managed to arm our comment guns and slow them down, but soon they will overpower us.” The knight explained
“Did you try calling on an ally Castle? Like Castle Funny or Castle Aww?”
“We did, but they said they could not arrive for a few days. We sent messages to Castle Atheist and Circle-Jerk, we have no response yet, but I'm sure they will refuse.”
“What about the citizens?”

A cannon shot is heard, then a smashing sound. Screams flood the air, followed by another explosion and screams of glory.

“We tried to make them leave by the secret tunnels, but many citizens took to arms and jumped into the fight. Many died and are still dying. The ones that decided to escape found that most of the tunnels were blocked. We lost many.” Explains the Knight, a hint of sadness in his voice.
“How many men do we have left?”
“When I left, a few were still standing. A few of our men have been captured and enslaved. The Fortress was still untouched, but, as we heard, that has changed.”
“Then follow me, we shall gather what few we have and craft some plan that might turn the table.” Commands the King.

The King opens the door. A few cats run away from the room. The Jester stands up and runs to the corridor, where a cannonball smashes through and hits him. The Knight goes first, but turns left. The King follows him. They walk through the stone corridors and passageways, on their way seeing the Castle Nobles running awry. The Scumbag Brain is hitting a door, trying to get in, while the Scumbag Steve and Stacy are pushing people aside, running in circles. As the Knight and King finally arrive to the armory, they realize that it's completely empty.

“Where are they all?” Asks the King
“At the walls, fighting off the enemy. We were lucky not to encounter them.”
More screams are heard, this time closer to them. Again, the same victory cries are heard.

“We don't have any time left. The enemy is here, searching for me. We have to act now.”
“All the weapons we have left are here. A few pounds of black powder, some swords and dagger and two shields.” Counts the Knight, as he locks the door.

The King walks and sits in a corner. As he does this, the door blasts open in a cloud of fire, smoke and blood. The King screams as portions of his newest friend splatters his robes. As the smoke dies down, an orange arrow smashes into the wall next to his head.

“So, you managed to outlive all of your little guards? No matter, you will join them soon enough.” A voice chuckles.
“So you are the new general that managed to recruit all of these newbies? You are new yourself, but competent.” Tells the King.
“Why thank you, but don't think complements will save you. I am here on a mission.” Exclaims the General
“You are competent, but still inexperienced. Exactly like your army.”  Explains the King
“And why is that?” Asks the General
“Because you didn't think this through. The worst place to be when you attack a Fortress, especially when you confront someone, is the armory.” Slowly says the King
“Explain.” Demands the General
“Let me show you.” The King says

The General and his army intensely stares at the King, while he reaches into his back pocket with his left hand. He slowly pulls out a gun.

“Downvote gun, one of the most powerful ever built” Says the King.
“Don't even think about shooting me or yourself.” Confidently says the General.

The King lets out a little laugh. He slowly points the muzzle to his left. The entire audience looks left, over to a pile of swords and daggers. As fast as he can, the King takes a shield and shoots to his right, on a pile of black powder. As the audience looks right, they see a large flash of light, then another ball of fire, smoke and blood fill the room. Screams are heard, but no victory cries are heard this time. When the smoke falls, the King uncurls from behind the shield and stands up.

“Time to rebuild, again... Will these attacks ever end?” He sighs

As he walks out of the room, he looks at all the damage done to the Fortress and the Kingdom. A cat walks to him and starts cuddling.

- “I really need a bath.” He whispers.

title: The attack of the Repost

question: What does the story depict?

answer: It's a meta-commentary about the neverending struggle between re-posters and moderators on Reddit.

question: How does the General gets defeated?

answer: His side's re-posts are downvoted to death.

question: Why did so many citizens die?

answer: They decided to join the fight instead of fleeing.

question: Why is the armory empty?

answer: Everyone is on the walls, fighting the enemy.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The Subreddit Knight runs to the King, yelling that they are under attack. He explains that Castle Repost is breaching their walls. The King asks about allies, but no one is available. They run to the armory together. An explosion kills the Subreddit Knight, and the King faces the General of the opposition. After a bit of banter, the King uses his downvote gun to get rid of the opposition.


text:
I went through and fixed all the grammatical errors i could find so hopefully it sounds/looks better.

Christian Owens was a junior at Norm High School. It was February 13, 2006 and the school day was a quarter way through. For Chris’ first three classes he was absent, as well as his two best friends whose names I simply do not know. They weren’t absent due to a doctor’s appointment or a wedding or something like that; they just simply didn’t show up. That wasn’t out of the ordinary for them or for any student really. This day wasn’t like any other day though. Something was extremely different from any other day. I couldn’t tell you exactly why this day was unlike any other day. Maybe it was the fact that out of the entire 147 students in my class, the three boys were the only ones absent, or maybe it was the fact that the boys would actually return to school. I don’t know what it was but I could easily tell that this day was not like any other one, especially as the day progressed. It would actually turn out that this would be the most memorable day of my life.

Unlike any other day that he missed, Chris and his three friends did return to school. He was out of our standardized dress code, which much like missing school, was not out of the ordinary, but it wasn’t that he was just missing a belt, or had his shirt untucked, he was wearing cut-off camouflage shorts with a “Led Zeppelin” shirt on. Over the shirt he had baggy hoody (this was EXTREMELY out of dress code). On top of his head laid a black ski-mask which was very strange, But the MOST out of the ordinary thing was what he was holding. What Christian Sorely Owens was holding that day would end up changing everyone’s life. Grasped tightly in his hands was an Avtomat Kalashnikova, which most people know as an AK-47. As you probably guessed, firearms are not part of our school’s dress code.

Accompanying Chris was his two unnamed friends. For the sake of the story, i will call them Dave and Steve. And accompanying Dave and Steve was a Mac-10 and a Baretta 92. The friends were both carrying five gallons of gasoline, which could only end worse.

You’re probably wondering how on Earth they just waltzed right pass the front office and check in center without anybody stopping them, but if you saw how laid-back everyone was you would understand. For example the attendance check in woman was always in “conference calls” that would talk about the bar a lot and different beverages that were consumed. I have no clue what went on at the school that involved those things but i just assumed it was more funding for the athletic department. That’s beside the point.

Anyways, so Chris and his two buddies were lackadaisically strolling through the school as if everything was completely normal, but Dave and Steve were pouring their gas in streams as they walked through the halls. Chris was staring in the direction straight in front of him with an expression that is hard to describe. It wasn’t angry, or sad, or happy. It was calm, relaxed. It was… heart-warming. As they strolled along the only noise that could be heard was Chris’ humming the tune Karma Police, by Radiohead.

Our school was very small so it didn’t take long to cover every hall with a line of gas that ran in front of every door. as they reached the end of the last hall, Chris pulled out a cigar and a match. He started to sing as they all pulled down their masks, “….This is what you get, when you meessss with usssss” and lit his cigar then threw the match behind him and the streams ignited almost instantly. In seconds, all the halls were engulfed in flames and the fire alarms were sounding while the sprinklers went off.

Students and faculty were screaming as they ran through the fires to try and escape. Everyone was frantic and nobody seemed to know what to do. As the gasoline started to burn out and the sprinklers stopped the fire, the halls began to clear. As soon as Chris, Dave and Steve could slightly see, they all rose their guns and began to fire relentlessly at anything that moved. Unless the person was on fire, then they saved their ammunition. They began retracing their steps and shooting at anyone they saw. Of course people escaped, killing everyone was not the plan. Just… Killing. As the boys reached the entrance of the school, Chris smirked and said thank you guys, I’m glad I have true friends that could help. Then he raised his gun and killed both Steve and Dave.

At this point sirens and vehicles could be heard right outside the school. Chris pulled off his mask and started towards the door, but before he walked out he looked through the window of the door to his left. He saw a boy just standing there, frozen, facing away from Chris. Chris approached the boy slowly calling to him, “Hey! Kid! What the f*ck are you doing?” As he got closer he could hear the boy crying. He looked in front of the boy and could see a burned corpse lying motionless on the ground. The corpse was an older woman and quickly Chris realized that this was his mom, or aunt, or someone close to him. “Sorry.” Chris whispered as he raised his gun to the back of the kids head. He reluctantly squeezed the trigger only for nothing to exit the barrel. Chris had run out of bullets.

Chris threw down the gun and darted through the door. As he exited the building he did something that I, the boy who was staring at my dead mother in that dark room, would never forget. Chris smiled and yelled, “F*ck you! F*ck all of you!” just then a loud bang was heard and Chris fell to the cold concrete.

There, in the doorway to the school, was me. In my hand was the Baretta 92. I didn’t want to do it. I didn’t think I could do it. But something overcame me that day and I don’t exactly know what it was. But all in all it was me, soaking wet with a pistol shaking in my hand, I was speechless.

Right then in there it hit me. I had just killed a man. I zoned out and began to think of everything that had happened. I began to think of my mom, and how I would never get to see her again. How much she meant to me. I began to cry even more, and started to scream. The S.W.A.T. started to move in closer to me to help. I couldn’t take it anymore. It wasn’t fair. How come I lost my mom? I can’t live without her. Just then I heard a voice. “It will be okay kid.” One of the S.W.A.T. members said. I snapped, “NO IT WON’T! IT WON’T BE OKAY! SHE’S DEAD! I NEED HER! F*CK YOU! F*CK ALL OF YOU! I raised the gun to my head and pulled the trigger, but all I heard was a tiny click. I kept trying. Nothing came out. “NOOOO! KILL ME. I HATE YOU. I HATE ME. KILL ME!” The S.W.A.T. quickly came in and grabbed me and removed the gun from my hand. I fought back but everything began to get blurry and I started to lose conscience.

Almost instantly I woke up to the ending of an awful movie we were watching in English class. Although it was just a dream. I could still feel the cold firearm send chills down my spine and I still heard sirens and crying. How could a dream feel so real.

title: Trying to start writing. Tell me what you think please. The Dream [1200 words]

question: Where were Christian Owens and his friends?

answer: It may be implied that Christian and his friends were out planning the whole shootout.

question: What was Christian holding in his hand?

answer: Christian was holding an AK-47.

question: Is the whole school shootout a reality?

answer: No, the whole thing was a movie that the narrator was watching in her English class but seemed too real.

question: Does the police arrive in time to save people?

answer: The S.W.A.T. team arrives but the narrator has already pulled the trigger on Christian by then. Christian had killed almost everybody who came in his way, including the narrator's mother.

question: Write a ~9 sentence summary.

answer:
A junior at Norm High School named Christain Owens was not present in the class. As half of the school day was over, Christian and his two friends arrive at school. The junior high boy held an AK-47 in his arm while his friends held gasoline.

Dave and Steve poured gasoline all around the school and lit a matchstick. Christian on the other hand started firing at anyone he came across. He killed the narrator's mother.

The narrator took a Baretta 92 in her hand and shot Christian. The S.W.O.T. team arrives and assures her everything would be alright.


text:
Two days ago, I wrote about Israel’s education authorities censoring science textbooks — specifically, removing information about female sexual organs and human reproduction.

A friend then sent me a link to a mindbending 2012 interview with DEBORAH FELDMAN, who grew up in the Satmar sect among Brooklyn’s Hasidic Jews. She was forced into marriage at 17, but, encouraged by college friends, mustered the courage to leave that deeply misogynist culture some three years ago. Feldman wrote a riveting book about her experiences: _Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots_.

[]

In this post, I’ll simply do some prodigious quoting from the interview — or you can read the complete exchange between Feldman and interviewer SARA STEWART for yourself, here.

  THE SUBJECT OF SEX WAS A TOTAL MYSTERY TO BOTH YOU AND YOUR HUSBAND. WHAT’S IT LIKE TO EMBARK ON A SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP WHEN YOU HAVE NO IDEA HOW IT WORKS?

  No one ever said the word “sex,” or even “vagina,” to me. We had no clue. We were like, “It’ll work out.” It never worked out. There is an actual rule that you learn before you get married that you are never supposed to look at genitalia. You can’t look at yours, and you can’t look at his. It’s always dark. There’s no hole in the sheet, but it’s pitch dark and there’s no looking and there’s a lot of fumbling around, and you’re wearing your nightgown rolled up to your waist. There’s no boob touching. Mine were totally wasted! There is no oral sex.

  After the first time, you have to call a rabbi and he asks the man questions — did this happen? And he declares you either unclean, or not yet consummated. Once you’re consummated, you’re unclean, because you bled. So after the first time, your honeymoon is a no-sex period. For two weeks every month, [your husband] can’t touch you. He can’t hand you a glass, even if your fingers don’t touch. He has to put it down on the table and then you pick it up. Secondary contact can’t happen. If you’re sitting on a sofa, you have a divider between you. It makes you feel so gross. You feel like this animal in the room. If there’s a question about your period, you take the underwear and put it in a zip-lock bag, and give it to your husband. He takes it to the synagogue and pushes it into this special window and the rabbi looks at it and pronounces it kosher or nonkosher. It was so disgusting.

  …

  YOU SAY THERE WERE MANY WAYS IN WHICH YOU FELT LIKE YOUR SAFETY WAS NOT PROTECTED, BECAUSE OF THE HASIDIC RELIANCE ON FAITH.

  I remember always being in the front seat of a car when I was a kid, without a seat belt. It comes from this idea that you have so much faith that you don’t really have to do anything because God will protect you. It’s a very lackadaisical attitude toward health and safety. No one ever took me to a doctor.

  I was taught to believe that outsiders hated me. That if I talked to someone [non-Hasidic], I risked getting kidnapped and chopped into pieces. Never, ever talk to an outsider.

[]

  HOW DID YOUR RELATIVES REACT TO THE NEWS THAT YOU WERE PUBLISHING A BOOK?

  My family started sending me hate mail, really bad. They want me to commit suicide. They’ve got my grave ready. [“R U ready to CROKE [sic]” reads one e-mail she shared with _The Post_. “We are most definitely going to rejoice in your misery,” another declares.]

  So I’m very careful. My doorbell doesn’t have my name on it. But I think the book is a protection in this situation, because [my relatives] are terrified of having their actions become public. So it’s an insurance policy, in a way. There’s a reason why Hasidic people in New York get away with so much. There’s this sort of tacit arrangement: They don’t do anything the media can criticize.

  Over the past 10 or 20 years [the Hasidic community] has gone from being extreme to being ultra-extreme. They’ve passed more laws from out of nowhere, limiting women — there’s a rule that women can’t be on the street after a certain hour. That was new when I was growing up. We hear all these stories about Muslim extremists; how is this any better? This is just another example of extreme fundamentalism.

At the end, though, Feldman strikes a cautiously optimistic note about change:

  Computers hit in a big way. Smartphones. Internet access. Now you can’t keep people from accessing information. It’s weakening the community’s hold over their own. It used to be that one person would leave, and then another 10 years later. It was always a big-deal scandal. This year, I went to a Thanksgiving dinner for people who are trying to get out, hosted by an organization called Footsteps, which helps people adjust to mainstream society. There were 350 people at this dinner. They had to rent out a loft in SoHo.

If you’re as spellbound as I am, another worthwhile interview with Feldman is here.

question: What is at the root of the Hasidic community's extremism?

answer: Fear.


text:
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- A data breach at a payments processing firm has potentially compromised credit and debit card information from all of the major card brands.

Global Payments (GPN), a company that processes card transactions, confirmed late Friday that "card data may have been accessed." It says it discovered the intrusion in early March and "promptly" notified others in the industry.

Global Payments did not say how many accounts were affected, or what kind of information was compromised. A U.S. Secret Service spokesman said Saturday that the agency is investigating the incident.

A _Wall Street Journal_ report from earlier Friday saying that Global Payments had been hacked sent the company's shares down 9% before trading was halted. The stock did not resume trading before the market closed.

Global Payments did not say which card companies were affected, but Visa released a statement saying that it was all of the big players.

"Visa Inc. is aware of a potential data compromise incident at a third party entity affecting card account information from all major card brands," it said.

Late Sunday, Visa spokeswoman Sandra Chu confirmed to CNN that Visa had removed Global Payments from its list of preferred credit-card processors.

When a customer swipes a credit card, the data is sent to a payment processor like Global Payments, which then forwards the transaction information to card companies like Visa and MasterCard.

That's a massive business: Global Payments processed $167.3 billion worth of transactions in its last fiscal year, which ended May 31, 2011. Global Payments specializing in serving small merchants, like mom-and-pop businesses and local retailers.

It emphasized that none of them were to blame for the data leak.

"It is crucial to understand that this incident does not involve our merchants or their relationships with their customers," Global Payments said.

It plans to hold a conference call Monday morning to provide more details on the debacle.

'MASSIVE' BREACH? News of the breach was first reported by the respected security blog Krebs on Security. The blog said the breach was "massive," and could involve more than 10 million card numbers.

"I've spoken with folks in the card business who are seeing signs of this breach mushroom," Gartner security analyst Avivah Litan wrote Friday in a blog post.

Her sources say the hackers have begun using some of the card data they stole, Litan added.

When payment processors get hacked, the shrapnel can spread far. The record holder for the largest-ever breach is believed to be a 2008 attack on Heartland Payment Systems (HPY), in which an estimated 130 million customer accounts were compromised.

Heartland eventually paid more than $110 million to Visa, MasterCard, American Express and other card associations to settle claims related to the breach.

In regard to the Global Payments breach, MASTERCARD (MA, Fortune 500) said it has alerted payment card issuers "regarding certain MasterCard accounts that are potentially at risk."

Visa (V, Fortune 500) released a statement saying it too has provided card issuers with notifications about accounts that could be affected. The issuers "can take steps to protect consumers through independent fraud monitoring and, if needed, reissuing cards," it said.

Both MasterCard and Visa emphasized that their own networks had not been penetrated.

Related story: How they've hacked you

DISCOVER (DFS, Fortune 500) and AMERICAN EXPRESS (AXP, Fortune 500) each released short statements saying they are aware of the situation and are monitoring customer accounts for suspicious activity.

In data breach situations, credit card companies generally offer affected customers fraud monitoring services at no cost -- and customers aren't on the hook for any fraudulent charges. The card issuers themselves are responsible for those costs.

QUESTIONS ABOUT INDUSTRY STANDARDS: Several security researchers said the breach is a prime example of why the current Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) is inadequate.

"Expect to see yet another round of almost religious fervor in the debate over the real value of PCI-DSS," Geoff Webb, director of product marketing at data-protection company Credant Technologies, said in an email.

Cybercriminals "are constantly looking for opportunities to identify and attack sites where there is a weakness in security -- just like a predator looks out for the weakest member of the herd," he added.

Litan, the Gartner analyst, is skeptical about whether the credit card industry will invest the money and time required to switch to a more secure system, like "smart cards" embedded with chips, which are used in some foreign countries.

"It's cheaper for them to deal with these breaches than to make all those chip cards," Litan told CNNMoney. "We've had all of these breaches, but there have not been any significant attempts to change the situation. The information is easy to steal, and cards are easy to use, so it's like free money for criminals."

_-- CNN's Miguel Susana contributed_ [To top of page]

First Published: March 30, 2012: 1:25 PM ET

question: What does the text say about data?

answer: According to the article, a data breach at a payments processing firm has been compromised.

question: What does the text say about GPN?

answer: GPN (Global Payments) is a company whose security was breached. It says it discovered the intrusion early in March and promptly notified others in the industry.

question: What does the text say about Global Payments transactions?

answer: Global Payments processed $167.3 billion worth of transactions in its last fiscal year. This ended on May 31, 2011. Global Payments also specializes in serving small merchants and local retailers.

question: What does the text say about hacking bank accounts?