text:
The effects of how social grouping strategies may reduce or increase the spread of disease is critical for the health of large groups of people. Places with large amounts of human interaction have a high risk for disease transmission. Social groups , community structures,and different cultures have different strategies and behaviors of reducing the spread of disease. Animals groups and humans that live in a place with high population density have an increased risk of disease prevalence. Some ways that large groups can help reduce the spread of disease is to a have clean water and food supply. Another way groups can reduce spread of disease is through avoiding contact with individuals in the community that are ill.

Non-human social groups and disease transmission

Studies have generated very mixed results regarding pathogen risk and prevalence in animal communities. One of the earliest measurements we have regarding a correlation between pathogen prevalence and animal social groups is with prairie dog wards.[1] Hoogland, 1979, found in his study that as the size of the ward increased, the abundance of parasites in the burrow also increased. Several studies that followed in years since have also supported this finding that an increase in community size and density produces an increase of risk and prevalence of pathogenic infection.[2][3][4][5] Vector-borne parasites as well as parasites transmitted by direct social contact appeared to correlate positively in number with the density of a population.[6][7] In a recent meta-analysis of the data, Patterson and Ruckstahl (2013) confirmed that “parasite intensity and prevalence both increased positively with group size…” with the caveat of mobile parasites, which displayed a negative correlation between group size and infection intensity. Møller et al. (1993) speculate, however, that animals have evolved behaviors to mitigate the pathogenic risk of living in social groups. This includes grooming, rotating roost sites, mate selection, and aggressive behavior that is thought to reveal the presence of a depressed immune system in an individual.

Not all research has supported this connection between pathogens and sociality, however. In fact, an abundance of information on social mammals as well as avian groups has drawn the exact opposite conclusion,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Higher hemocyte and phenol oxidase levels were measured in solitary species than in socially organized ones in one study.[15] This study is uniquely informative because it removes the potentially confounding factors of host-parasite co-evolution and phylogenetic similarities that come from measuring only the presence of pathogens, rather than the activity of the immune system. Similarly, Snaith et al. (2008) found that large social groups had even fewer parasites and they also measured lower levels of cortisol, a stress hormone that reduces immune function. Viral presence in scale-free networks without communities is higher, and in fact, the stronger the community structure of the animals is, the less likely a new outbreak will occur [16] This information has stimulated inquiry into the various social structures that characterize animals. A few reasons for the contrary findings have been speculated. Due to the complex nature of social groups, studies that sample pathogen presence frequently fail to account for the fission-fusion nature that characterizes them: conflicts occur, new social bonds are made or die out, births and deaths of individuals occur, groups or individuals may migrate, networks may overlap or else be quite far apart from one another. Social groups are far from being stagnant and single measurements of pathogen presence can easily have misleading results.[17] Wilson et al., 2003, also highlight the importance of accounting for shared ancestry among animals, which includes recent genetic relation as well as phylogenetic relationships. Parasite-host co-evolution is also important to consider, which may lead to an endemic presence of a pathogen in a group, or conversely, an immunity.[18] Many other factors confound the dynamics of social groups and pathogen spread that will be examined in the “Challenges” section.

Community structures of social animals and implications for contagious infections

Griffin and Nunn's (2012) article on community structure simulated the introduction of a pathogen into various group structures and communities. Ultimately, “increased modularity mediates the elevated risk of parasitism associated with living in larger groups”.[19] Such structures are composed of nodes that may represent an individual or a unit of individuals in a group who have ties to other nodes. If the community structure is strong, the eigenvector (here represented as a pathogen) will experience a dying-out effect,[20][21][22] In geometrical structures of communities, a point represents a node, and a line between two nodes represents a social tie or interaction. In certain structures, the eigenvector may pass from one group to another, but the chances are limited. If a node is said to represent an individual, we can imagine that three potential outcomes will occur once that node has been infected. The individual may die, may become immune to future infection by the pathogen, or may live with the disease chronically until it is shed. In the first two outcomes, the pathogen will begin to experience a dying-out effect and transmission will begin to weaken. Wey et al. (2008) note that not all nodes are equal in weight within the community's structure, and therefore their level of risk for both reception and transmission may vary heavily. Furthermore, this “weight” of an individual can have interesting implications for transmission if a “key individual” is removed from the structure.[23] An extreme consequence of the removal of a key individual could be the collapse of the structure, but also may mean the loss of a “super-spreader”, which is an individual with many ties inside a community as well as ties to other communities.[24] Super-spreaders may be measured by their high levels of in-degree and out-degree numbers. In-degree is a reflection of the susceptibility of a node because it is a measurement of all the social ties a node is the recipient of, whereas out-degree is a reflection of the contagiousness of a node because it is a measurement of all the social ties generating from that node.[25]

Challenges

In addition to the natural factors that make measuring true pathogen risk and prevalence difficult (mentioned above) are behaviors like mate selection, stress-hormone levels, degree of promiscuity in a group, and diet.[26][27] Consideration of the effects humans have had on animal populations, both directly and indirectly, are paramount to understanding the spread of pathogens. Altizer et al. (2003) mention habitat fragmentation, crowding of animals onto wildlife reserves, and encroachment upon formerly wild lands that leads to increases in contact between wildlife and domesticated species as well as humans. More generally, Daszak et al. (2000)[28] would include climate change as a tremendous confounding factor. We might furthermore speculate that certainly tourism and poaching have contributed their own to the contagion paradigm.

Human social groups

Humans are surprisingly predictable when it comes to the range of possible social group structures. We occupy less than half of the social network structures that characterize non-human primates, however among primates we can be found to comfortably reside in the largest gamut for any one species.[29] A few other notable characteristics make humans unique when considering community structure. We are the only primates that keep consanguineal relationships, even after departure from a natal group, and retain ties with kin living in different social groups.[30] Although some non-human primates form temporary groups of “roaming bachelors”, these social groups do not come anywhere near the fairly common social structures of permanent religious celibates. Some other examples of aberrant community and social structures in humans include men or women absenting for long periods in war or trade, “raiding” for wives that results in total displacement, eunuchs, and isolated stigmatized groups (criminals, lepers, etc.). A further oddity to consider regarding human social behavior is the “creation” of kin out of unrelated individuals, including the nomination of “godparents”, step-families, and exceptionally close friends that assume a role of a relative. All of these examples have complicated effects on the measurement and understanding of pathogenic propagation within the human realm.

Human social groups and disease implications

Invasion by a pathogen in any community, human or otherwise, requires a two-step process.[31] First, there must be importation of the pathogen by means of migration. This may occur through a traveling node, or a vector, or may occur when an entire community relocates. Second, the number of infections must rise due to the social contacts within that population. For humans, this process can appear extremely chaotic. “Local public sites with extremely high population density such as train stations, or large social, political, or religious mass gatherings are regarded as high-risk…”.[32] In addition to those mentioned by Hu et al., 2013, we can add airports, schools, camps, and holiday shopping bedlam. An exceptionally important note to make here is that these heavily dense situations involve mainly strangers, as opposed to close social contacts that operate in a structured network. Especially with respect to modern technological advances that allow us to do such things as pass over enormous geological features, it would appear we are ripe for constant global pandemic. We are left to wonder, then, how human society can possibly persist so fruitfully considering the constant violations we make of strong community structures that would act as a buffer. Before examining research that addresses that question, it is important to acknowledge and understand the interwoven nature of human culture and epidemiology.

Cultural gatherings and risk

The first large human social activities, trailed by major disease outbreaks that have been documented occurred by fecal-oral route.[33] Contaminated food or water by fecal matter can cause devastating effects and spread with extreme rapidity. They are, of course, not the only types of infection that threaten large gatherings of people. Respiratory infections, sexually transmitted infections, and measles have all been measured as potential infections resulting from mass gatherings.[34] Social gatherings that have been linked to outbreaks include the 1918 Great Pandemic, the Asian Flu Pandemic of 1957, a 1987 outbreak of multi-drug resistant shigellosis in North Carolina that infected over 50% of event attendees, a 1992 outbreak of Campylobacter in the UK, a 1993 Hepatitis A outbreak at a youth camp in Australia, two separate outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis at the 2000 and 2001 Hajj, a 2008 influenza outbreak in Sydney, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (which followed a large Easter gathering in Mexico).[35][36] Rainey et al. (2016) identified a total of 72 mass-gathering related respiratory outbreaks between 2005 and 2014. Many of these outbreaks led to further outbreaks within the cities that infected individuals returned home to after the events. Particularly the epidemiological consequences of the Hajj are notable because of the range of dissemination that attendees have when they return from the pilgrimage. Infected individuals may return to their homes far from the source of the outbreak, and into communities that are especially vulnerable to a disease not characteristic of that community. Health response teams may be less equipped to manage the spread of the foreign pathogen, and the people may be less knowledgeable about risks and symptoms. Diseases such a tuberculosis have long incubation periods, which creates another obstacle since it separates the point of infection from the start of illness and therefore obscures the connection. Intervention and mitigation are possible for such large events, but involve very expensive and complex measures. Vaccinations are highly effective, but it is extremely costly to attempt to vaccinate large hordes of individuals. In a study of livestock populations, Hu et al., 2013 observed important patterns for vaccination efforts. When deaths from infection occur, or a method of culling is used, social networks will alter and individuals will spread out. Because of this, carefully designed vaccination efforts are significantly more effective and cheaper and must be implemented as fast as possible in order to contain the pathogen. Relatively new methods, such as tracking mobile phone data, have been used to glean information on effective strategies for containment in the situation of mass gatherings.[37] Finger et al. (2016) state “human mobility is undisputedly one of the main spreading mechanisms of infectious disease”. In their study, cell phone data was used to track the migration of people for the Grand Magal de Touba, a religious pilgrimage event that occurs in Senegal. Figure 6 illustrates the findings of this study and identifies areas that are paramount for targeting in an epidemiological prevention effort.

Behavioral immune system

Schaller and Park (2011) used the term _the Behavioral Immune System_ to account for observable activities that humans utilize in the face of pathogen threat. Whereas non-human social animals appear to largely rely upon distinctly organized social structures to combat the threat of diseases, it is evident such systems would be strained to apply in most modern human societies. Schaller and Park (2011) describe “perceptual cues” that humans use that will trigger aversive behavior toward other individuals. For example, people who appear to be ill may stimulate avoidance behavior in those around them, particularly if the others around them have temporarily suppressed immune systems,[38][39][40] Wilson et al., 2003, speculated that gregarious species may invest less overall in their immune functions because so many of the body's resources must go to support somatic growth and competition among mates. One potential explanation, therefore, for human hypersensitivity to the perception of disease threat is that we are left relatively vulnerable by our under-provisioned immune systems. Schaller and Park (2011) also make a connection between the experience of disgust and things that do pose actual threat of pathogen risk, however this “disgust” experience has a tendency to be over-applied rather than under-applied in the favor of the individual's health and is therefore triggered by things that resemble disgust-inducing objects or actions. Such research has enormous implications for the explanation of aspects ranging from cultural diet variance to conformity and xenophobia. Schaller and Murray (2008) ran a comparison against research by Grunier et al. (2004)[41] that displayed the variability of the prevalence of pathogens on a geographic scale. Schaller and Murray (2008) found overlap in cultural differences that included food preparation, mate selection and family structure, and sociosexual practices. In regions where infectious disease threat was lower, people trended toward more liberal sexual practices, more extroverted personalities, and less “self-conscious” behavior. In the 2011 article “the Behavioral Immune System”, the authors discuss how avoidance behaviors can also be triggered when an individual witnesses another individual violating social norms, hence a general trend toward ethnocentrism and wariness of foreigners. Especially during times of known pathogenic outbreak, this can be so extreme as to manifest itself in the form of xenophobia. Wu and Chang's 2011 study elucidated trends toward conformity that they believe may have evolved as a protective dynamic against the introduction of contagions.

Although research in this area is still very new, it provides a logical and cogent connection between particulars of human sociality and disease transmission. It furthermore stimulates key insight into cultural dynamics that assist in human survival.

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title: Sociality and disease transmission

question: How do strong community structures impact pathogen transmission?

answer: Strong community structures tend to limit pathogen transmission.

question: How do human social structures compare to social structures among non-human primates?

answer: Humans occupy less than half of the social network structures that characterize non-human primates, however among primates we can be found to comfortably reside in the largest gamut for any one species.

question: How do pathogens invade a population?

answer: First, the pathogen must be introduced to a population through a process of migration. Second, the number of infections must rise through social contacts within the population.

question: Are human social structures durable against disease?

answer: no

question: How did the 2009 H1N1 pandemic start?

answer: following a large Easter gathering in Mexico

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Typical human social structures are, by any metric, extremely vulnerable to pathogens when compared to the social structures of other species.


split: train

text:
MANUEL PRADAL (22 March 1964 – 13 May 2017) was a French film director and screenwriter.[1][2] He wrote the scenarios for all the films he directed.[3] Pradal died on 13 May 2017 in Paris after a long illness, aged 53.[4][5]

Awards and nominations

His 1997 film _Marie from the Bay of Angels_ was in competition for the Tiger Award at the 1998 International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR).[6]

Filmography

Manuel Pradal is both the screenwriter and the director of all of his films.[7]

-   1991: _Canti_
-   1997: _Marie from the Bay of Angels_ (a.k.a. _Angel Sharks_)
-   2002: _Ginostra_
-   2006: _A Crime_
-   2010: _The Blonde with Bare Breasts_
-   2013: _Tom le cancre_
-   2014: _Benoît Brisefer: Les Taxis rouges_

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title: Manuel Pradal

question: What field did Manuel Pradal work in?

answer: Filmography.

question: What is the cause of Pradal's death?

answer: A long illness.

question: How long did Pradal live?

answer: 53 years.

question: List Pradal's films from 1991 to 2014.

answer: Canti, Marie from the Bay of Angels, Ginostra, A Crime, The Blonde with Bare Breasts, Tom le cancre, and Benoît Brisefer: Les Taxis rouges.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Award-winning French film director and screenwriter Manuel Pradal died in 2017 at the age of 53. He had seven films from 1991 to 2014.


text:
It’s a familiar story amid the city’s development boom: a blue-collar business shuts down as a gritty neighborhood goes upscale, paving the way for investors to put up a luxury residence or high-end retail buildings.

This corner of the South End still has plenty of grit: Roughly 500 homeless people reside at the Pine Street Inn, a shelter across the street from the bakery. The Ho Kong Bean Sprout Co. next door is still in business.

But the once-largely industrial neighborhood has become one of the city’s hottest real estate markets, due in part to new zoning guidelines that allow buildings as tall as 200 feet. A block from Quinzani’s, the new Ink Block complex features a Whole Foods, a luxury condo building, and 315 apartments renting for up to $6,000 a month. The Ink Block developer just launched sales at Siena, with condos selling for as much as $2 million.

Behind Quinzani’s, the new Troy Boston apartment building, with gas fireplaces and leather couches in the lobby, is largely full. And more projects are in the works, including an 11-story office and retail building and a 602-unit apartment building.

All these changes don’t concern Bob Wells, a member of the Old Dover Neighborhood Association and a resident since 1992. Wells, 72, has seen the area evolve from a land of “weeds and drug dealers” into a thriving neighborhood with galleries, markets, and, best of all, people.

“Things are going to develop, that’s good, as long as they develop in the right direction,” he said.

[Pedestrians wakled by Quinzani's Bakery. ]
Pedestrians wakled by Quinzani's Bakery. Craig F. Walker/Globe Staff

Quinzani’s first opened as a pastry shop in theold Combat Zone downtown and moved to its current location at 380 Harrison Ave. about 50 years ago. The business grew from one horse-drawn delivery wagon to a fleet of trucks operating on five delivery routes around Greater Boston and 30 independent distributors covering New England, according to its website.

The wholesaler serves 800 clients in all, including caterers, delis, restaurants, and food service companies.

Quinzani’s may have even been responsible for a once-common tradition at local Chinese restaurants: serving dinner rolls with the meals. In the mid 1990s, the Globe reported that more than 200 Chinese restaurant owners from as far away as Tewksbury descended on Quinzani’s every morning to pick up baguettes and rolls. According to the story, the relationship started when the Quinzani brothers opened a pastry shop on LaGrange Street and convinced Chinese restaurant owners nearby that they should serve bread in their restaurants — an American staple that would make diners more comfortable.

Calise & Sons Bakery of Lincoln, R.I., will take over Quinzani’s business and will make most of the bakery’s products in conjunction with Piantedosi Baking Co. in Malden.

Blunch, the South End spot that serves pressed sandwiches with gourmet ingredients such as goat cheese and basil cashew pesto, has been serving Quinzani’s bread for seven years. Owner Nikki Christo Leo said she will miss not only the Quinzani family, but their proximity. “When I run out of bread mid-rush, they won’t be down the street for me to go and retrieve it.”

For Quinzani’s workers, however, the transition will be more difficult.

Tan Guan, 61, has worked at the bakery for 15 years, the last four as a baker on the night shift making $13.89 an hour, with paid holidays and three weeks of vacation. Guan is getting a severance package, a half-week of pay for every year of service, but is worried about finding a new job.

“It’s going to be really hard for me to look for work,” he said in Chinese through a translator on Friday. “I’m over 60 years old.”

The Quinzanis said in a statement that they are working with the state office of Labor and Workforce Development to help find work for their “loyal and assiduous employees.”

“We’re doing the best we can do for them,” said Rob-Roy Quinzani, who co-owns the business with his brother Stephen and cousin Larry.

Quinzani declined to comment on how the bakery’s closing fits into the changing face of the neighborhood. “I don’t want to look like I’m selling out and walking away,” he said.

[Quinzani Bakery workers prepared rolls in 1980.]
Quinzani Bakery workers prepared rolls in 1980.David L. Ryan/Globe Staff

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tim Logan of the Globe staff contributed to this report. Katie Johnston can be reached at katie.johnston@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @ktkjohnston.

question: What is the recent change happening on the corner of the new South End?

answer: Gentrification - investors are moving in, building high-end buildings and forcing out

question: How much are condos selling for in the new South End?

answer: As much as $2 million.

question: What are the concerns of some of the long-time residents of the area?

answer: Some believe change is good, as long as it is in the right direction.

question: Are there people who do not like the current developments in the area?

answer: Yes. Workers are being laid off with some of them believing they'll have a difficult time finding a new job.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer:
South End is undergoing an upheaval - new, high-end business are moving in, constructing luxury condos, high-end tall buildings, expensive cafes, etc. This development has caused a lot of long-term residents to move away as they continue to be priced out.

While some residents view this as a positive development, there are some concerns among the older residents that they may have difficulty finding jobs.


text:
“You can’t hit that!” says Tommy.
	“Sure I can” Billy claims, loading his slingshot, a small can of Bush’s beans sits atop a junkyard car about thirty yards away.
	Billy has always been the best shot in the neighborhood, but this time he may have overestimated himself. He stuck his tongue out, and pulled the stiff elastic back, a marble sized rock awaited blastoff.
 He was ready when “Billy Ray!” came  from their trailer down the road. “coming mom!” he stood up, flimsily letting the rock go. Flying nowhere near the can.
	“Told ya’ so” Tommy smirks.
	“Didn’t count” Billy whines.
	Running side by side back to their trailer these two brothers have the iconic “Did not”, “did too” argument.
	Billy and Tommy sit in the back of the trailer where a limestone table is surrounded by a blue stained booth. Rust peppers the sides of the oversized van, the steps are sharp and dirty, lockjaw waiting to happen. The cabinets hang off their hinges, the sink is full of small insects and dirty dishes. It has a back bed room where the mother and whomever else she brings home stays. The two bunk-beds outside the room are for the boys, but the mom doesn’t want the boys to stay there. The mom tricks for a living, so she bought them a tent the boys set up a couple hundred yards into the forest.
	“Meatloaf and corn on the cob, Tommy’s favorite!” she exclaims. She is a good mother, just dealt a bad hand. She does what she can for the boys, but in rural Tennessee prostitution in the trailer parks is her only bargaining chip. Billy is big for his age, at 11 he towers at 5’6 and weighs 130 pounds. He is a pale boy with greasy blonde hair always molded under a Boston Bruins baseball cap. He can’t even tell ya’ where Boston is, but he found the hat in the trunk of an old Mustang in the Junkyard. He tells his friends it stands for Billy and with his temper, no one ever questions it.
Tommy is thirteen years old and stands 5’3 108 pounds. The mother tells the boys they have the same father and that he was off fighting in the war. Tommy knows his father was black but never brings  it up to his mom, he knows there is a reason she won’t tell him.
 Billy and Tommy race to wash their plastic plates in the sink. “Race ya’ to the tent!” Tommy pants as he grabs his knapsack and runs out the door.
	“No fair. Mom I wasn’t ready.” Billy cries.
	“Tommy get back here and brush your teeth.” She says as she holds onto the handrail and leans out the door.
	“Mauuuuum.” Billy says walking head down towards the trailer.
	“Smack” Tommy hit Billy in the arm the second he got into range. Tommy might have been the runt but Billy had a severe case of little brother syndrome.
	“Now I am going into town tonight. If you need anything go down to Buck’s and you can each spend five dollars. I don’t want y’all coming back to the trailer until the flag is out the window in the morning. Okay?”
	“Okay mom.” the boys say in haunting monotone unison.
	The boys are so used to this routine, they run out to Buck’s mini-mart and each grabbed a root-beer and a myriad of snack foods. Back in the tent, Billy says “what does mom do every night?”
	Tommy of course knows how their mom makes her money but wasn’t about the be the one who breaks the “good ole’ mommy illusion” to an eleven year old.
	“She has friends over. Ever since dad went to war, she needs people to talk to.”
	“What about us?”
	“Adults are different, adults talk about things that we haven’t learned yet.”
	“Like what?”
	“I don’t know, shut up and go to sleep.”
The soundtrack of birds and crickets put the boys into a deep sleep. One giant Spider-man sleeping back carpeted the tent. Under blankets and starlight the boys were never bothered.
Until later that morning “ERRRRRRRRRR–VROOOOOM” woke up the boys. Billy and Tommy peeked out of their tent and saw a black Ford Expedition peel out of their drive way.
	“Can we go home?” Billy asks.
	“We have to wait for the flag first.”
	“But her friends are gone.”
	“Still momma needs to rest some from hanging out all night.”
But that old Coffee stained American flag, never flew again.

title: [16M] Be gentle. "Memoirs of a Trailer Park"

question: Who are the major characters of the story?

answer: Tommy, Billy, and their mother are the central characters.

question: Explain why the boys sleep in a tent and not in the trailer of their mother.

answer: Their mother earns her pay through prostitution and trickery; she doesn't want her kids to be around.

question: What is the implication of the flag not showing?

answer: The boys' mother raises the flag to mean it's safe for the boys to come back. The fact that her client is gone but the flag never appears again implies that she's dead.

question: How exactly are the two brothers related to each other?

answer: They definitely share the same mother, but it's possible that their fathers are different. This is implied by the wording, but the evidence is weak.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The boys, aged 11 and 13, play around in the junkyard when their mom calls them to the trailer she lives in. She feeds them and sends them away to spend a few bucks before settling in their tent for the night. She's a good mother who got dealt a bad hand, and prostitution and trickery are her only options. Tommy knows this and tries his best to keep up the "good old mommy" illusion for his little brother Billy. The next morning they wait after their mother's guest leaves for her to hoist the flag for them to come, but the flag never appears again.


text:
The sky was a dark and amaranthine black. The moon hung in the air, silvered and shining like a freshly minted quarter. The wind blew lightly over the fruited vineyard. A lone man could be seen walking the rows, inspecting the fruit of his hard labor under the pale moon light. His eyes were shown brightly, even more so than the moon, as he caressed the little grape leaves, plucking and pruning those that stood out as he walked.

In the east, there was a flash of light followed by the rumble of its thunder. The old man's head whipped from its admiration of the vines to survey the coming storm. The wind gusted, nearly knocking him over as he turned. And in the distance, but moving quickly, he could see it. A broad funnel of cloud was touching down.

Terror struck his wrinkled face, twisting it into a ghastly shape. He ran back to the little cottage on the hill as fast as his legs could carry him. His plump little wife, sitting in her lounging chair near the fire let out a sharp scream as he burst through the entryway. Without saying a word, he grabbed her and in a flash they were back outside. She too saw the horror that was whipping itself ever closer, and tried with all her might to stay close to her husband.

He flung open the doors of the wine cellar just as the cyclone reached the field. His wife hurried down the stairs while the little old wine maker looked back over his livelihood, said a silent prayer, and closed the door behind himself.

The cellar door rattled and rumbled as the fierce gales passed over the farm, trying with all their might to rip the door from its frame and hinges. Then it was gone.

The little old man and his wife opened the doors and witnessed the wreckage that remained. The house in shambles, with its roof pried away from the walls, and the vines of the field ripped from their rows and cast about in all directions.

In the center of the field, shining in the pale moonlight, stood a single grape vine.

The weathered man ran with all his might, grapes squishing under his feet as he flew to the vine. With hands now wet from rain and purple from his ruined crop, he reached out to inspect the vine. It clung tightly to the posts that were driven into the ground, its little tendrils wrapped fast around the wire fencing between the posts, and a single cluster of grapes swinging gently in the breeze.

He reaped his diminutive harvest, popped a single grape against the roof of his mouth, and as the juice flowed over his tongue, he could taste every hard days work in a blistering sun, and it was sweet.

He cried silently as he shared the small knot of grapes with his wife, thankful for what he had.

title: Purple.

question: Does the old man expect the cyclone?

answer: It seems he expects a storm but not a cyclone.

question: Why do the man and his wife go to the wine cellar?

answer: Probably because being in the cellar is safer than being in the cottage during the storm.

question: How does the old man feel after the storm?

answer: He is sad but thankful for the single vine that is not ruined.

question: What does the man do after the storm?

answer: He reaps the single vine that survived the cyclone and shares the small knot of grapes with his wife.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The old man inspects the vines when he notices that a storm is coming. Soon he realizes it is a cyclone and runs to the cottage to take his wife to the wine cellar. They hide there and wait for the gales to pass. When it is gone, they open the doors and see that all but one vine are ruined. The man reaps the vine and shares the small knot of grapes with his wife. He is crying but thankful for what he has.


text:
Too early? Not around these parts.

We’ve put out a handful of 2017 mock drafts so far this season, but we’re finally going all the way with a full seven-round projection.

Things will obviously change in a million ways between now and draft weekend, between free agency, compensatory picks and offseason events. But there’s no harm in getting the ball rolling on some fun scenarios.

Grab your favorite beverage and tell the boss you’ll take care of it later.

I’m not sold on Cody Kessler as a franchise quarterback, but I don’t think Hue Jackson will give up on him after just one year. I’m also not sold on any of the quarterback prospects in this class, but Garrett is far and away the top overall prospect in this class.

I may not be sold on this year’s quarterback class, but I’m sure there will be a couple who creep into the top five due to teams getting desperate for one. The 49ers could easily be one of those teams, and Trubisky is the hottest name among this year’s passers.

The Jay Cutler era needs to end, even if the Bears risk this pick on a raw talent who still needs plenty of refinement. Kizer could use another year of starting experience in South Bend, but his physical tools and upside could easily make him a top-five pick.

Regardless of who’s coaching the Jags next year, they still need to keep stockpiling as much talent as possible at every position. That means going with the best overall player on the board, and in this scenario, that’s easily the versatile, disruptive Allen.

The Jets have a stout defensive front, but they need more playmakers in the back seven. Peppers is arguably the best athlete in the entire class, and coach Todd Bowles would have a blast figuring out different ways to deploy him.

Cincy needs a young presence in the middle of the defense who can impact the game in every way, and Foster is the perfect fit. He’s fast and physical, with superior instincts and awareness.

Marcus Mariota has a solid front to keep him protected, and a pair of talented backs to keep defenses honest. Now, he needs some dangerous weapons to stretch the field and make plays in the red zone. Williams is exactly what the doctor ordered.

Cam Newton desperately needs help at offensive tackle, but there’s not one in this class worth a top-10 pick. But they also need a dynamic edge defender, and Barnett is one of the most balanced, productive players in a loaded class at that position.

It’s hard to believe the Cards could be picking in the top 10 after being a game away from the Super Bowl just a year ago. Carson Palmer turns 37 later this month, and it’s time to find his successor. Watson has been inconsistent this year, but he’s still a dynamic playmaker.

Andrew Luck is the centerpiece of the franchise, and the Colts need to build around him in every way. Frank Gore can’t play forever (can he?), but this year’s running back class is loaded. Fournette is a rare blend of speed, power and athleticism.

See above. Aaron Rodgers will be an MVP-caliber quarterback for a while yet, but he needs more support. The Packers’ offensive backfield has been a revolving door this year due to injuries, but a dynamic, three-down presence like Cook would bring instant stability.

The best value pick of the draft so far, the Bolts get a top-five talent outside the top 10. There’s not a glaring flaw in Adams’ skill set, and he’ll bring back the playmaking presence that Eric Weddle used to bring to the San Diego secondary.

Their pass defense is among the league’s worst, but that’s a two-way street between improving the secondary and generating a more consistent pass rush. They could go corner here, but Williams is the kind of explosive sack-master off the edge who can make an entire defensive backfield look better.

This year’s cornerback class is stacked with top talent, but in this scenario, the Browns still get their pick of the litter at this spot. Largely overshadowed by teammate Teez Tabor heading into this season, Wilson has established himself as one of the best cover men in the country. He would team up with former Gator Joe Haden to give the Browns a solid tandem on the outside.

New general manager Jon Robinson has a clear emphasis on building a physical team on both sides of the ball, and King is the perfect fit. A dynamic athlete with great ball skills and explosive return ability, King’s calling card is his nasty demeanor and willingness to get his hands dirty, both in coverage and against the run.

Rex Ryan already has an explosive speedster in Sammy Watkins who can take the top off the defense, but he needs a worthy running mate. Davis is the most polished pass-catcher in this class, and with Watkins constantly battling injuries, he has the skill set to be a No. 1 receiver if needed.

Last week’s loss to the Packers was a painful reminder how much improvement the Eagles need at corner. This year’s draft has a ton of starting-caliber talent at the position, and Jones has been one of the biggest contributors for one of the nation’s top defensive units.

Mike Tomlin and company love spending first-rounders on linebackers (three years in a row until 2016), and they love big, physical rushers on the edge. Lawson’s durability could be an issue, but when healthy, he’s one of the most powerful and effective edge defenders in the nation.

Mike Evans has become a star, but Jameis Winston needs a secondary target with the speed and explosiveness to take advantage of defenses paying too much attention to his No. 1 pass-catcher. Ross has been one of the fastest risers in this class, and makes up for his lack of size in just about every other way.

We finally see an offensive lineman come off the board, and few teams need one more badly than the Broncos, particularly at tackle. This year’s class is weak at the position, but Ramczyk has been the most impressive of any prospect so far this season.

Washington needs to get deeper and more physical along the line of scrimmage on both sides of the ball. Walker is a versatile, disruptive force who can line up anywhere and make an impact, both as a pass rusher and a run defender.

If Brent Grimes were still in Miami, he’d probably still be their best corner. He’s not, and the Dolphins need to add a cover man who can start from Day 1 and make an impact. Tabor’s multiple suspensions will take some extra digging, but his talent is first-round worthy.

The G-Men spent big money in free agency trying to find pass-rush help and improve their secondary. With this pick, they should dip into a deep pool of playmaking linebackers in this year’s draft class. McMillan is a well-rounded player who would fit perfectly here.

Marcus Peters is already one of the best cover men in the NFL, but not having Sean Smith lining up opposite him has been painfully obvious this season. KC loves corners with size and length, and Humphrey has plenty of both.

It’s time for the Ravens to find a successor for Terrell Suggs. 2016 fourth-rounder Matt Judon looks promising, but you can never have too many talented pass rushers. McKinley has been one of the hottest names in draft circles over the past couple of months.

Brock Osweiler has playmakers galore, but he needs more time to take advantage of them. Houston could use upgrades all across the offensive line, and Elflein’s versatility would be a huge help.

Ziggy Ansah is a dynamic presence off the edge, but the Lions could use a disruptive force in the middle of the defensive line. McDowell has been inconsistent this season, but when he’s at his best, he’s one of the best interior defenders in the nation.

Corner’s not the biggest need for the Dirty Birds here, but it’s hard to pass up the value. Desmond Trufant just went on injured reserve, Robert Alford hasn’t been consistent, and the jury will be out on Jalen Collins for a bit. Conley would immediately bolster this entire unit.

Tackle is by far the biggest need for Seattle, and in this scenario, they get the prospect with the most upside in this year’s class. Robinson’s still a bit raw and comes with some off-field baggage, but he’s a rare athlete for his size who could develop into a top-level protector.

Raider Nation loaded up on athletic, physical defenders in last year’s draft, but they still need to bring that kind of presence to the linebacker spot. Davis has dealt with some injuries this year, but he’s a passionate difference-maker in the middle when he’s at full health.

Jamie Collins was shipped to Cleveland, and while rookie Elandon Roberts is playing extremely well, the Pats could use another versatile backer who can bring a similar skill set to Collins. Cunningham has been one of the nation’s most dominant defenders all season long, and would be a perfect fit.

Off-field issues have plagued the Cowboys’ recent attempts to improve the defensive end position. Thomas is squeaky clean off the field, but brings the kind of nonstop motor and nasty demeanor this defense needs up front.

33. Cleveland Browns: Christian McCaffrey, RB, Stanford

34. San Francisco 49ers: JuJu Smith-Schuster, WR, USC

35. Chicago Bears: Tre’Davious White, CB, LSU

36. Jacksonville Jaguars: Dan Feeney, G, Indiana

37. New York Jets: Brad Kaaya, QB, Miami (FL)

38. Cincinnati Bengals: Ethan Pocic, OL, LSU

39. Los Angeles Rams: Isaiah Ford, WR, Virginia Tech

40. Carolina Panthers: D’Onta Foreman, RB, Texas

41. Arizona Cardinals: Dorian Johnson, G, Pittsburgh

42. Indianapolis Colts: Ryan Anderson, EDGE, Alabama

43. Green Bay Packers: Jake Butt, TE, Michigan

44. San Diego Chargers: DeDe Westbrook, WR, Oklahoma

45. New Orleans Saints: Jourdan Lewis, CB, Michigan

46. Philadelphia Eagles: Curtis Samuel, RB/WR, Ohio State

47. Cleveland Browns (from TEN): O.J. Howard, TE, Alabama

48. Buffalo Bills: Caleb Brantley, DL, Florida

49. Minnesota Vikings: Conor McDermott, OT, UCLA

50. Pittsburgh Steelers: Nick Chubb, RB, Georgia

51. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Justin Evans, S, Texas A&M

52. Denver Broncos: Jalen Reeves-Maybin, LB, Tennessee

53. Washington Redskins: Royce Freeman, RB, Oregon

54. Miami Dolphins: Taco Charlton, EDGE, Michigan

55. New York Giants: Dawuane Smoot, EDGE, Illinois

56. Kansas City Chiefs: Mason Rudolph, QB, Oklahoma State

57. Baltimore Ravens: Armani Watts, S, Texas A&M

58. Houston Texans: Anthony Walker, LB, Northwestern

59. Detroit Lions: Marshon Lattimore, CB, Ohio State

60. Atlanta Falcons: Montravius Adams, DL, Auburn

61. Seattle Seahawks: Carlos Watkins, DL, Clemson

62. Oakland Raiders: Chidobe Awuzie, CB, Colorado

63. New England Patriots: Julie’n Davenport, OT, Bucknell

64. Dallas Cowboys: Evan Engram, TE, Mississippi

65. Cleveland Browns: Marcus Maye, S, Florida

66. San Francisco 49ers: Charles Harris, EDGE, Missouri

67. Chicago Bears: Jordan Leggett, TE, Clemson

68. Jacksonville Jaguars: Eddie Jackson, S, Alabama

69. New York Jets: Bucky Hodges, TE, Virginia Tech

70. Cincinnati Bengals: DeVonte Fields, EDGE, Louisville

71. Tennessee Titans (from LA): Jeremy Sprinkle, TE, Arkansas

72. Carolina Panthers: Adam Bisnowaty, OT, Pittsburgh

73. Arizona Cardinals: Kendell Beckwith, LB, LSU

74. Indianapolis Colts: Taylor Moton, OL, Western Michigan

75. Green Bay Packers: Marquis Haynes, EDGE, Mississippi

76. San Diego Chargers: Eric Magnuson, OT, Michigan

77. New Orleans Saints: Patrick Mahomes III, QB, Texas Tech

78. Philadelphia Eagles: Quenton Nelson, G, Notre Dame

79. Tennessee Titans: Chris Wormley, DL, Michigan

80. Buffalo Bills: Budda Baker, S, Washington

81. Minnesota Vikings: Lowell Lotulelei, DL, Utah

82. Pittsburgh Steelers: Cordrea Tankersley, CB, Clemson

83. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Ejuan Price, EDGE, Pittsburgh

84. Denver Broncos: Marcus Williams, S, Utah

85. Washington Redskins: Corn Elder, CB, Miami (FL)

86. Minnesota Vikings (from MIA): Billy Price, G, Ohio State

87. New York Giants: Luke Falk, QB, Washington State

88. Kansas City Chiefs: Steven Taylor, LB, Houston

89. Baltimore Ravens: Zay Jones, WR, East Carolina

90. Houston Texans: Gerald Everett, TE, South Alabama

91. Detroit Lions: Samaje Perine, RB, Oklahoma

92. Atlanta Falcons: Vince Biegel, EDGE, Wisconsin

93. Seattle Seahawks: Kevin King, CB, Washington

94. Oakland Raiders: Roderick Johnson, OT, Florida State

95. New England Patriots: Cooper Kupp, WR, Eastern Washington

96. Dallas Cowboys: Jordan Thomas, CB, Oklahoma

97. New England Patriots (from CLE): Sony Michel, RB, Georgia

98. San Francisco 49ers: Keith Kelsey, LB, Louisville

99. Chicago Bears: Josh Harvey-Clemons, S, Louisville

100. Jacksonville Jaguars: Alvin Kamara, RB, Tennessee

101. Washington Redskins (from NYJ): Tyrone Crowder, G, Clemson

102. Cincinnati Bengals: Wayne Gallman, RB, Clemson

103. Los Angeles Rams: Chad Wheeler, OT, USC

104. Carolina Panthers: Cameron Sutton, CB, Tennessee

105. Arizona Cardinals: Fred Ross, WR, Mississippi State

106. Indianapolis Colts: Jamar Summers, CB, Connecticut

107. Green Bay Packers: Kareem Are, G, Florida State

108. San Diego Chargers: Davis Webb, QB, California

109. New Orleans Saints: Alex Anzalone, LB, Florida

110. Philadelphia Eagles: James Washington, WR, Oklahoma State

111. Tennessee Titans: Mason Cole, OL, Michigan

112. Chicago Bears (from BUF): Dion Dawkins, OT, Temple

113. Minnesota Vikings: Tanzel Smart, DT, Tulane

114. Pittsburgh Steelers: Greg Pyke, OL, Georgia

115. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Jeremy Cutrer, CB, Middle Tennessee State

116. Denver Broncos: Eddie Vanderdoes, DL, UCLA

117. Washington Redskins: Courtland Sutton, WR, SMU

118. Minnesota Vikings (from MIA): Joe Mixon, RB, Oklahoma

119. New York Giants: Charles Walker, DL, Oklahoma

120. Kansas City Chiefs: Jehu Chesson, WR, Michigan

121. Baltimore Ravens: Fabian Moreau, CB, UCLA

122. Houston Texans: Elijah Qualls, DL, Washington

123. Detroit Lions: Hardy Nickerson, LB, Illinois

124. Atlanta Falcons: Jay Guillermo, OL, Clemson

125. New England Patriots (from SEA): Damontae Kazee, CB, San Diego State

126. Oakland Raiders: Kareem Hunt, RB, Toledo

127. Dallas Cowboys: T.J. Watt, EDGE, Wisconsin

128. Cleveland Browns: Malachi Dupre, WR, LSU

129. San Francisco 49ers: Jeremy McNichols, RB, Boise State

130. Chicago Bears: Ryan Switzer, WR, North Carolina

131. Jacksonville Jaguars: Des Lawrence, CB, North Carolina

132. New York Jets: James Conner, RB, Pittsburgh

133. Cincinnati Bengals: Davon Godchaux, DL, LSU

134. Los Angeles Rams: Will Likely, CB, Maryland

135. Carolina Panthers: Travin Dural, WR, LSU

136. Arizona Cardinals: Dwayne Thomas, CB, LSU

137. Indianapolis Colts: Ben Boulware, LB, Clemson

138. Green Bay Packers: Brandon Facyson, CB, Virginia Tech

139. San Diego Chargers: Donnel Pumphrey, RB, San Diego State

140. Washington Redskins (from NO): Zach Banner, OL, USC

141. Philadelphia Eagles: Quin Blanding, S, Virginia

142. Tennessee Titans: Riley Bullough, LB, Michigan State

143. Buffalo Bills: De’Veon Smith, RB, Michigan

144. Minnesota Vikings: Damarius Travis, S, Minnesota

145. Pittsburgh Steelers: Jarron Jones, DL, Notre Dame

146. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Elijah Hood, RB, North Carolina

147. New England Patriots (from DEN): Vita Vea, DL, Washington

148. Washington Redskins: Chad Kelly, QB, Mississippi

149. Miami Dolphins: Jon Heck, OL, North Carolina

150. New York Giants: Cole Hikutini, TE, Louisville

151. Kansas City Chiefs: Nate Gerry, S, Nebraska

152. Baltimore Ravens: Corey Clement, RB, Wisconsin

153. Houston Texans: Daeshon Hall, EDGE, Texas A&M

154. Detroit Lions: Artavis Scott, WR, Clemson

155. Atlanta Falcons: Blake Jarwin, TE, Oklahoma State

166. Oakland Raiders: Jake Replogle, DL, Purdue

167. Cleveland Browns (from NE): Kevin Davis, LB, Colorado State

168. Buffalo Bills (from DAL): Tanoh Kpassagnon, EDGE, Villanova

169. Cleveland Browns: Cooper Rush, QB, Central Michigan

170. San Francisco 49ers: Amara Darboh, WR, Michigan

171. Houston Texans (from CHI): Tarean Folston, RB, Notre Dame

172. Jacksonville Jaguars: Dan Skipper, OT, Arkansas

173. New York Jets: Hasson Reddick, EDGE, Temple

174. Cincinnati Bengals: Treston Decoud, CB, Oregon State

175. Los Angeles Rams: Dante Booker, EDGE, Ohio State

176. Carolina Panthers: Tanner Vallejo, LB, Boise State

177. Arizona Cardinals: Larry Ogunjobi, DL, UNC-Charlotte

178. Indianapolis Colts: Lorenzo Jerome, S, St. Francis (PA)

179. Green Bay Packers: Josh Reynolds, WR, Texas A&M

180. San Diego Chargers: Marquez White, CB, Florida State

181. New Orleans Saints: Elijah McGuire, RB, UL-Lafayette

182. Philadelphia Eagles: Ryan Glasgow, DL, Michigan

183. Denver Broncos (from TEN): Pharaoh Brown, TE, Oregon

184. Buffalo Bills: Jalen Myrick, CB, Minnesota

185. Minnesota Vikings: Travis Rudolph, WR, Florida State

186. Pittsburgh Steelers: Johnathan Ford, S, Auburn

187. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Kenny Golladay, WR, Northern Illinois

188. San Francisco 49ers (from DEN): Tony Conner, S, Mississippi

189. Washington Redskins: Tyquan Lewis, EDGE, Ohio State

190. Miami Dolphins: Damore’ea Stringfellow, WR, Mississippi

191. New York Giants: Brian Hill, RB, Wyoming

192. Baltimore Ravens: Jaleel Johnson, DL, Iowa

193. Washington Redskins (from HOU): Avery Gennesy, OL, Texas A&M

194. Detroit Lions: Johnny Caspers, G, Stanford

195. Atlanta Falcons: Quincy Mauger, S, Georgia

196. Seattle Seahawks: Gabe Marks, WR, Washington State

197. Oakland Raiders: Amba Etta-Tawo, WR, Syracuse

198. New England Patriots: David Jones, S, Richmond

199. Dallas Cowboys: Taywan Taylor, WR, Western Kentucky

200. Cleveland Browns: J.J. Dielman, OL, Utah

201. San Francisco 49ers: Isaac Rochell, DL, Notre Dame

202. Chicago Bears: Jahad Thomas, RB, Temple

203. Jacksonville Jaguars: Stacy Coley, WR, Miami (FL)

204. New York Jets: Cole Luke, CB, Notre Dame

205. Cincinnati Bengals: Darren Carrington, WR, Oregon

206. Los Angeles Rams: Tyler Orlosky, C, West Virginia

207. Seattle Seahawks (from CAR): Clint Van Horn, OT, Marshall

208. Arizona Cardinals: De’Angelo Henderson, RB, Coastal Carolina

209. Indianapolis Colts: Derrick Nnadi, DL, Florida State

210. Green Bay Packers: Weston Steelhammer, S, Air Force

211. San Diego Chargers: Bryan Cox, EDGE, Florida

212. New Orleans Saints: Ed Paris, CB, LSU

213. Philadelphia Eagles: Channing Stribling, CB, Michigan

214. Tennessee Titans: Hunter Dimick, EDGE, Utah

215. Dallas Cowboys (from BUF): D.J. Jones, DL, Mississippi

216. Minnesota Vikings: Jermaine Grace, LB, Miami (FL)

217. Pittsburgh Steelers: Richie Brown, LB, Mississippi State

218. Tampa Bay Buccaneers: DeAngelo Brown, DL, Louisville

219. Denver Broncos: Lewis Neal, EDGE, LSU

220. Washington Redskins: Demetrious Cox, S, Michigan State

221. Miami Dolphins: Shock Linwood, RB, Baylor

222. New York Giants: James Quick, WR, Louisville

223. Kansas City Chiefs: Jonah Persig, OT, Minnesota

224. Baltimore Ravens: Corey Smith, WR, Ohio State

225. Houston Texans: Xavier Woods, S, Louisiana Tech

226. Detroit Lions: Josh Carraway, EDGE, TCU

227. Atlanta Falcons: Cole Croston, OT, Iowa

228. Seattle Seahawks: Matthew Dayes, RB, North Carolina State

229. Oakland Raiders: Jordan Willis, EDGE, Kansas State

230. New England Patriots: Greg Ward, Jr., WR, Houston

231. Dallas Cowboys: Taylor Young, LB, Baylor

question: Which era needs to end?

answer: The Jay Cutler era.

question: What is this about?

answer: American football (the NFL).

question: What does Cincinnati need?

answer: A young, fresh player.

question: What year are these mock drafts?

answer: 2017.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author runs through their mock drafts for the 2017 NFL season, addressing the statuses of individual players as well as a multitude of teams in various standings within American football.


text:
     It's funny how people act in the coffee rooms at funeral homes. They're all sad or they act sad out of respect. They all drink coffee and eat the cookies that they put out on the table, and they talk about how the body looks for a while, then they start talking about politics or the weather or some damn boring thing. It happens at every viewing I've ever been to. I even do it. I sat there the other night at my great aunts viewing and I nodded my head when people talked about how natural she looked and all that, and I ate three big cookie, then I looked down at my gut and was disgusted because I'm a damn glutton.
	Anyways, two things happened when we all left the funeral home: the first thing was I offered to be a pallbearer. It was my great aunt Margret's viewing, like I said, and my grandma said that me or my brother ought to be pallbearers. My brother's real nervous about some things, one of them is being around dead people. He was afraid he'd drop the casket or something, so I offered to do it, but Margret's niece said no. She told my grandma later that the reason she said no was because I looked like a clown because of my hair. I have long shaggy hair that I dye blood red.
     The second thing is that I noticed the damn Christmas tree in the corner near the door in the lobby -- it's getting close to Christmas now. It was tall and green and decorated in bright white lights and silver tinsel and big red bulbs with the names of all the dead people who were shown there that year written on them with permanent marker. I saw Margret's name in the center.
	I thought it was sort of strange, decorating the tree with the dead. I think that funeral homes are strange altogether. When you die everybody you ever met practically comes and cries and get all sad at the site of your leftover meat.
	When I got back home I started over to my friend Darren's house.
	Darren and I have went to school together since fourth grade, but we just started hanging out this year because we've always ran with different crowds. His friends are the kind of guys that wear gym shorts all year long and lust after Air Jordans and Beats Headphones and try to punk out everybody so they can feel tough. Plus, we've never had any classes together or anything until this year, but Darren's probably my favorite friend.
      The only problem with us hanging out is that he smokes a lot of weed and he's got me smoking a lot too. Last weekend we blew fifteen bucks on weed, smoked it all and stayed up until four listening to The Beatles.
	He's never listened to much music outside of rap, so I've been trying to show him some good stuff. He always acts like he likes it, but he's probably just entertaining me. He's probably just telling me he likes it because we're friends and he's nice. Darren's a real nice sensitive guy under all that wanna-be-thug shit he's always doing. He's nicer than me in a lot of ways, like when he's listening to rap and I don't like it, I tell him and bitch until he turns it off, and when he turns it off, he isn't even mad about having to doing it because he's real considerate. I wish I was that considerate.
	Anyways, Darren and I ended up going down to the cemetery and smoking a fat joint. I told him about the funeral home Christmas tree and he said that the funeral home was retarded.
	"They won't be putting my name on some damn bulb," he said. Then he talked about the rapture through the rest of the cemetery. He told me that we weren't going to have to worry about funerals because we weren't really going to die because we  were going up in the rapture. Darren was always talking about the rapture. He never went to church, but he had all the faith
in the world that the rapture was going to happen at any minute and he had all the faith in the world that the two of us were going.
	He told me once that I'm the only friend he likes to talk to about the rapture. It was probably because I'm the only one
who will even listen. I don't believe in the Bible, but I don't mind talking about Bible stuff if I care about the person doing most of the talking.
	If Heaven exists, Darren will go because he's nice and sensitive. If there's a Heaven, Margret's there because she was a real sweet lady. It's a nice idea, the idea of Heaven, I mean. I guess I'd rather float up to a cloud kingdom than to get old and die and be buried in a boxes.
	Anyways, I'm not sure why he thinks I'm going to Heaven.
	Once we got out of the cemetery, we saw this old tin can in the middle of the street, and the street was empty because it was about nine at night or later and it was cold and everybody besides the two of us were inside around heater and wrap in blankets, probably. Anyways, we started kicking the can down this alley and we kept falling down and laughing because we were stoned.
	We kept on kicking the can down the alleys until I had to piss. I went behind this old white shed, unbuttoned my pants and
unzipped and started pissing. There was this Oldsmobile behind me, it was parked on the other side of the alley, I thought it was empty because it was dark and I couldn't see through the
windows. Well, somebody was in it, and halfway through my piss, whoever it was  beeped the horn and scared me half to death,
 and I ended up pissing down my leg. I zipped up my pants and Darren and I got the hell out of the alley as fast as we could. It was funny, though. I didn't even mind the piss on my leg that much.

title: [UR] Funeral Home Christmas Tree

question: What does the story say about the type of person Darren is?

answer: Darren smokes a lot of weed. He pretends to like the narrator's music because they're friends and he's nice. He's a sensitive guy under his wannabe-thug persona. He turns off his rap music when the narrator says he doesn't like it, and isn't mad about it because he's considerate. He's always talking about the rapture, even though he never goes to church. The narrator believes that if Heaven exists, Darren would go.

question: Summarize everything relating to the narrator's family.

answer: The narrator attends the viewing for his great aunt Margret. His grandma said that he or his broughter ought to be pall bearers. Since his brother was afraid of dropping the casket, the narrator offered to do it, but Margret's niece declined. The narrator believes Margret is in Heaven because she was a real sweet lady.

question: What does the story say about Darren's family?

question: Summarize the narrator's movements after he meets up with Darren.

answer: The narrator meets with Darren at Darren's house. They go to the cemetery. Once they exit the cemetery, they kick a can down an alley. The narrator goes behind an old white shed to pee. When the narrator realizes there is someone in the car parked on the other side of the alley, he and Darren run away as fast as they can.


text:
A HUNDI is a collection box used in Indian temples to collect cash offerings from devotees.[1] During the 2016 demonetisation of Indian Currency, there were concerns that the discontinued Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes could be hidden in hundis, where monitoring isn't as stringent.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Hundi (cash collection box)

question: What is a hundi?

answer: a collection box used in Indian temples to collect cash offerings from devotees

question: When was the demonetisation of Indian Currency?

answer: 2016

question: Is monitoring of Hundis stringent?

answer: no

question: Where is India?

answer: the article does not answer this question

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A hundi is a collection box used in Indian temples to collect cash offerings from devotees.


text:
Thanks for taking the time to read my short. This is my first submission so please be gentle.

I cringe every time the phone rings. Maybe its my mother calling to tell me I missed her birthday, as she continues to talk my bored ears off. Perhaps its the landlord that will surely chew me out for the rent check that's over a week late. My bank accounts shrivel to pocket change, borrowing not an option in my thick head. Sell everything I own, or at least try. No bites. The phone rings again, maybe its my boss calling to ask why I'm not at work. I wake up late not wanting to move with the same reckless apathy which plagued me as I was depressed. I reach over and hold her tight, as she truly gets me. My life falls to pieces, constantly disappointing others. I'm all too content and focused on myself. Smoke fills the car as I recluse with a cigarette in my car. I feel anxiety, the weight of my life. This burden which embraces my apathy and catalyzes my financial deterioration. I pour a beer, another burden is another escape. Nothing permanent.  I think of how well regarded he was. Was. I then wonder what they think of me, is this harder to restore than a credit score? Can I lift myself back up and be the person I set out to be? The weight grows heavier with every puff, every swallow, my thoughts envelop me, the phone rings.

title: Dismal thursday

question: Why does the narrator cringe every time the phone rings?

answer: They worry that there's going to be something negative on the line.

question: Why does the narrator consider selling everything they own?

answer: They are not doing well financially.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: That isn't clear beyond the narrator being someone who is in a bad state. They are struggling financially and have anxiety about their life.

question: What is the narrator's conflict?

answer: The narrator feels anxiety due to their financial deterioration and the life path they're on.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator talks about how they struggle to answer the phone because there may be something negative awaiting them on the line. They are struggling financially and with their path in life. This causes the narrator to wrestle both with anxiety and apathy.


text: There once was an elephant named George, George was the biggest elephant of the Tar-TO tribe. However he was also a coward. The other elephants mocked George and made him feel really bad about himself. One day the other elephants approached George "W-What do you want..?" George asked hesitantly. "We found a scary tarpit that you can test your bravery on!" said one of the douchey elephants. George paused and thought to himself "Hmm, this could be an excellent chance to prove myself to everyone!". George nodded and said "alright let's go!" but when they arrived at the tarpit George was started to have second thoughts and that's when he saw other elephants gathering around. As it turns out, it wasn't a test of bravery it was a ceremony where they were going to kill George via tarpit and eat him in the name of the elephant god Tar-TO-Tusk. George quickly starting to freak out but it was too late...They pushed him in the tar and as George started to drown he wished he could have done something in his life. However all was not lost for George, for what he didn't do in life he did in death. He filled the bellies of his own cannibalistic tribe and gave shelter to baby elephants with his bones. THANKS GEORGE.

title: George the elephant. A Dark tale.

question: Summarize the scene where George is killed.

answer: George is called to the tar pit to test his bravery. When arriving there he realizes that it is a ceremony where the other elephants kill him. He is pushed into the tarpit and starts to drown. He wishes that he could have done something in his life.

question: Explain everything that happens to George.

answer: George is mocked by the other elephants for being a coward. One day they approach him and challenge him to test his courage at a tar pit. Once there he realizes that they are going to kill and eat him. He is thrown into the tar pit and drowns. The other elephants eat him and use his bones as shade.

question: Why was George chosen to be killed?

answer: He is a coward. He would not fight back and is not a strong member of the team.

question: How is George's life made significant?

answer: He fills the bellies of the other elephants and his bones are used as shelter.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: George is an elephant that is seen as the runt of his tribe. The other elephants throw him in a tar pit and eat him.


text:
ROSAMMA PUNNOOSE (12 May 1913 – 28 December 2013) was an Indian independence activist, politician and lawyer. She was the first person to be sworn in as a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. She was also the first MLA in India to lose her seat following a court order, and the first person to be elected in the first-ever by-election to the assembly in 1958. Punnoose was also the first pro tem Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Early life

Rosamma was born in Kanjirappally, Travancore on 12 May 1913 to a Catholic family, the fourth child of Kanjirapally Karippaparanbil Thomman Cheriyan and Payippadu Punnakkudi Annamma.[1][2]

She graduated with a degree in law from the Madras Law College.[3][4]

Career

She began her political career by joining the Travancore State Congress in 1938, influenced by her elder sister Accamma Cherian.[5][6] Accamma Cherian was also an independence activist, and both sisters were imprisoned at Central Prison, Poojappura by the British in 1939.[7] Rosamma was released from prison three years later.[8]

Despite objections from her family and community, Rossamma married P.T. Punnoose, a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI), in 1946. P.T. Punnoose was a Marthoma Syrian. No marriage between a Catholic woman and a Marthoma guy had ever occurred in the region, at the time. Besides which, Rosamma's family supported the Indian National Congress, and objected to her marrying a communist. Furthermore, P.T. Punnoose was wanted by police and authorities who were conducting a crackdown against communists at the time. As with all Christian weddings between communist couples, at the time, the two were married at a church in Cochin with a special letter of consent from the Pope. P.T. Punnoose had to be brought to the church quietly to evade to police. Among the guests at the wedding were Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer and Kumaran Asan.[9]

Rosamma joined the CPI in 1948. In the first assembly election in the state of Kerala in 1957, she was elected to the Assembly from the Devikulam constituency.[10] Her husband had been elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1952 general election, and retained his seat in the 1957 general election, marking a rare occurrence of an elected husband and wife in Kerala politics.[11][12][13] Rosamma was the first person to be sworn in as a member of the Assembly.[14] She also administered the oath of office to other legislators becoming the first pro tem Speaker of the Assembly.[15] However, Rosamma lost her seat following court intervention, but regained it in the first-ever by-election to the assembly in 1958.[16]

Rosamma remained with the CPI when the Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged due to a party split in 1964. She unsuccessfully contested the 1982 assembly election from Allepey constituency. In the 1987 election, Rosamma was elected to the assembly for a second time from the same constituency.[17]

She also served as the president of Kerala Mahila Sangham (1969–83), chairperson of the Plantation Corporation (1964–69), head of the Housing Board (1975–78), and was a member of the Rubber Board for 10 years.[18] She was the chairperson of the Kerala Women's Commission from 1993 until 1998, when she retired.[19]

Death

Rosamma died on 28 December 2013 in Salalah, Oman where she was living with her son Thomas Punnoose. Her only other child, Geetha Jacob, resided in Abu Dhabi. Her body was brought to her home in Pamala near Tiruvalla, and the funeral was held on 30 December 2013 at Sehiyon Mar Thoma Church, in Varikkad near Tiruvalla.[20][21]

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title: Rosamma Punnoose

question: Who was Rosamma Punnoose?

answer: an Indian independence activist, politician and lawyer

question: Who was P.T. Punnoose?

answer: a leader of the Communist Party of India

question: What does CPI stand for?

answer: Communist Party of India

question: When did Rosamma Punnoose join the CPI?

answer: 1948

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Rosamma Punnoose was an Indian independence activist, politician and lawyer. She was the first person sown in as a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly, the first MLA in India to lose her seta following a court order, and the first person to be elected in the first-ever by-election to the assembly in 1958.


text:
“Whitefish, the Master”
The howling wind blew across the shutters like a cliche ruins a good beginning to a story. Not the beginning to a good story, for the story has yet to be determined whether or not it is good. Despite the obvious literary devices, we meet our hero, Whitefish. Whitefish, the ghost, the whisper, the living legend, the myth, Whitefish the mystery. Whitefish strode down the creaking hall of the abandoned mansion now called home. The mansion stood on a bluff, a mere sixty-eight feet from the ocean’s icy gaze. Abandoned, the mansion was a halfway home to those traveling through the area, but only its foyer, for the innermost recesses, where Whitefish resided, were “haunted”. These were simply superstitions, created by Whitefish to elude any unwanted visitors. Shouts and echoes, would drift down the halls, created by endless rants and ravings on new thoughts of rhetoric.

Whitefish was a self proclaimed writer, comparable to the great Greek orators such as Antiphon and Lysais, though the potential had gone unrecognized. To Whitefish’s dismay, the existence of such an individual in this provincial society was backward and deemed unnecessary. Whitefish rejected this society because the purpose of the writing was not for recognition or petty earnings, rather the thrill and excitement of the adventure stored within the next story, waiting to be unlocked by Whitefish’s genius. Whitefish digressed, because Whitefish’s existence had nothing to do with society, rather the life of a humble hermit. Each night, Whitefish paced along the rocky shoreline, illuminated by the full Moon’s iridescent glow, contemplating the universe and its enormity, fathoming the depths to which writing could take oneself. Each night, the manuscripts became longer, the memoir lengthening, the account of Whitefish developing into the esoteric mystery as scribbled by the one and only, Whitefish.

Whitefish’s story was being lived out as it was written, but Whitefish felt it was lackluster. While the solitary existence was Whitefish’s passion, the written word beckoned Whitefish out, into the world to experience more than a dusty mansion. Whitefish read from the mansion’s extensive library which contained thousands of books, where Whitefish would sit, gathering inspiration, watching the ominous waves creep up the shoreline. Whitefish sat for hours at a great Oak table contemplating how the story would pan out, how the characters would meet and get to know each other. How the setting could later create conflict. Small details that would foreshadow the downfall of a character, or the solution to the conflict. The complexity of Whitefish’s mind was somewhat of an enigma. Not to say bipolar, but the raging emotions had cultivated from a life of abandonment and rejection, which left a negative impression on Whitefish. The emotions were not all bad. Whitefish was indeed insane. Left to its own devices, Whitefish had grown paranoid, crazed from the lack of human interaction. At any point in time, Whitefish work on several pieces of literature, ranging from full blown novels, to snippets of interior monologue, though all the while, Whitefish worked on the memoir that would be finished only by the swift hands of Satan himself. This ending would come sooner than Whitefish could have thought.

On a cool autumn evening, the sun had already set and Whitefish sat at the great Oak table when Satan smiled. Whitefish looked to a mural painted on the ceiling of the library and head cocked to one side, Whitefish had an epiphany. The ending to the memoir. The finality that would make the story a legend. A message to future generations of the struggles of the past, of the sacrifices of the future. An ending that would come true. Whitefish had been writing the memoir piece by piece after various significant events, but now, Whitefish felt guilty. The ending would be written before its prophetic demands could be met. But Whitefish was true to its word. Palms sweating, Whitefish jotted down the last paragraphs of the memoir. Once finished, Whitefish set the pages of the story in the middle of the table and stood up. Whitefish walked to the window and leaned a hand upon a pane, gazing out to the vast emptiness of the ocean. Whitefish took the back door out to the patio and stood at the edge of the bluff.

Each step down the bluff depressed the sand, pushing it out as if repelled by the awe of a courageous hero. The tall grasses billowed in the cool autumn breeze, rustling with the soft waves that caressed the smooth rocks, one by one. At the bottom of the bluff, Whitefish stopped. Unprotected, the breeze nipped at Whitefish’s ankles, but to no avail. No shiver or goosebump was aroused by the breeze’s beckon. The rocks, about the size of a fist, were slippery. They were unpleasant to tread upon. Whitefish showed no pain, but the weight of the world burst out its eyes. They showed the thrill of entering the next story, of finishing the old, but the impending doom scrapped the Earth behind Whitefish, pulling back away from the icy depths of the ocean ahead. Whitefish stopped again, this time at the water’s edge. Each push of the ocean moistened the bare feet of Whitefish. Another step forward cast Whitefish several inches below the surface. The next step sent several more inches. Paralyzing shivers spiked up through Whitefish’s body.Whitefish was now waist deep in the dark water. During the following steps, panic arose from deep within the animal instincts that begged Whitefish to return to the shore, to pursue life, not just a good story. Eyes twitching, Whitefish ignored the pleas and tread further into the water, until Whitefish could no longer touch the rocky ocean floor. The air slowly escaped Whitefish’s lungs until the nearly lifeless body was submerged.

title: Whitefish, the Master

question: Who is Whitefish?

answer: Whitefish is a great literary mind who lives as a hermit and writes constantly.

question: How does the story end?

answer: Whitefish writes about his suicide in his memoir, and then commits suicide.

question: How does Whitefish die?

answer: He drowns himself in the ocean.

question: Who does Whitefish aspire to be like?

answer: Antiphon and Lysais

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Whitefish, a hermetic writer, writes about his suicide in his memoir and then carries out that suicide.


text:
Hey guys, thanks for reading; I am still adding onto this story, this is only the first part.

The horizon gleamed with a sterility usually reserved for more dire and artificial moments. I said her name twice and then once more: “Isabella, Isabella, Isabella.” We had walked at least a mile under the shade of trees and now rested on a sandy perch elongated on the shore of the Chattahoochee. With a gentle nudge she awoke; “Isabella! I thought that you would never open your eyes!” The sunlight was receding behind the brown trees across the river and the nip in the air made the fabric on Isabella’s dress stiffen and crinkle. Each time I touched her she would breathe sharply and then promptly smile as if she was anticipating something. I knew little of seduction, for I was bred into a modest life with people who suspected that there were no better things than what they had already been presented with. My families prominence had dispelled the need for convention- we were of a fortunate lineage and we lived properly but still on terms that we created for ourselves.  The afternoon’s wake had crashed long before we had wound up together beneath the spruce and I was starting to wonder what forces were at play.  I stood up and offered her my hand. “We should go before it gets too dark-I’m not as familiar with this side of the river.” I could smell the cedar that my father had cut into logs burning on the other side of the river; I was certain the estate was farther away. My Mother would always worry when I was gone for too long, but I was incensed with a desire that I had never felt before. I stood and brushed off the red and yellow leaves that had torn as I was lying on them. I offered her my hand as she still remained silent; I wished to get inside of her mind, feel her desire, swim in her thoughts- as if by doing so would make her existence even more real; surely there was a sequence of words to un-muddle  her mind. She looked up at me and smiled. The right strap on her purple sundress had fallen down her shoulder and her high cheekbones rose in such a way that made her eyes squint slightly. “Come, and lie back down- we have at least thirty minutes of sunlight left.” I didn’t want to refuse her, so I laid back down resting my head on a log that had been softened by rain. She rested her head on my chest, and I picked bits of leaf out of her long blonde hair. We both lied still for a while and enjoyed the dusk, and listened to the birds sing beneath an ethereal moon that was starting to appear in the still light, late afternoon. After a few moments she looked up at me: “Do you believe in god?” I didn’t know what to say to her; somehow my mind’s recesses had become filled at that moment and I was unable to ponder an answer. I quipped back nervously: “Sometimes.” I looked away from her and back to the darkening sky. She continued speaking: “I’m just curios. That’s all. Sometimes I don’t believe in him. I remember sitting next to my mother as she died. The hospital didn’t smell at all by the way- it was like they cleaned the death out of the air and made everything neat and they even had a cafeteria! How can you serve food in a place where people are dying all the time? Anyways, I always believed in god; my Mom raised me like that-even as I sat there and watched her die, and watched the tubes pump life into her, I still believed. She had barely enough strength to say anything, but she did say one thing. Before she died, she looked at me and said: even if there’s no heaven, I’ll be with you. No heaven? I thought she was crazy. How could there be no heaven? The next few weeks I thought about what she said over and over, and I still don’t know what to make of it. “I chuckled nervously and said something ridiculous like “yeah well that sure is something” “You’re adorable,” she said, and kissed my cheek. She stood up and I felt a light relief from my chest. She stood in front of me and started to dance. I said: “how can you dance with no music?” She didn’t respond as she did a twirl; I could see beneath her dress as she twirled in the still night air. She stopped and looked at me seriously. Her right strap was still caressing her shoulder. She looked at me for a while and then slowly took her right hand and let her left strap slide down her shoulder and her whole dress came sliding off of her. It was the first time I had seen her nude; she was beautiful.  She was so bold and still so very youthful and I didn’t know what to make of anything so I just sat there amazed. She walked over to me slowly: “What about right now?” “What do you mean?” I asked. “Do you believe in God right now?” Without responding I stood up and kissed her right there on that sandy perch by the Chattahoochee- right there in front of all the birds and crickets, and maybe even in front of god. We steadily made our way to the ground.

title: Isabella (900 words)

question: Summarize everything relating to nature.

answer: The narrator and Isabella walk for at least a mile under the shade of trees and rest on a sandy perch on the shore of the Chattahoochee. The sunlight recedes behind the brown trees across the river. The narrator can smell the cedar his father had cut into logs burning on the other side of the river. He lies down and rests his head on a log that's been softened by the rain. They lie still and listen to the birds sing. They kiss in front of the birds and crickets.

question: Summarize the narrator's interactions with Isabella.

answer: The narrator says Isabella's name three times after they've walked a mile under the shade of trees and rest on the shore of the Chattahoochee. He wakes her with a gentle nudge. Each time he touches her, she breathes sharply. He offers her his hand, but she urges him to lie back down. She asks if he believes in god and then  stands up and starts to dance. She removes her clothes. They kiss and make their way to the ground.

question: What does the story say about the time of year during which it takes place?

answer: The nip of the air makes the fabric on Isabella's dress stiffen and crinkle. The narrator brushes off the red and yellow leaves that had torn as he was lying on them. They listen to the birds sing at dusk.

question: What does the story say about Isabella's mother?


text:
[New Martha's Vineyard Restaurant Eleven North Edgartown Dining Opens In August]

When I first heard that a new restaurant was going in where the old David Ryan’s was, I have to admit that I was pretty excited.  Taking up such a large piece of real estate on North Water Street, whatever it was would have quite an impact.

[]Construction began and rumors swirled around the Island.  Some said it was going to be the restaurant of a famous Boston chef (even I bought into that one), while others said that the money for the project ran out and nothing would be opening this Summer.  These and other rumors are not true. The restaurant going into that space is indeed Eleven North, named for its location on North Water Street, and it is opening in August.

Unbelievable Changes Inside An Old Island Hangout

[]Behind the project is Island restaurateur David Henry.  He and two other partners are moving full steam ahead on the project.  What many may not know is that Eleven North’s construction has taken longer than expected because of all of the custom-made, hand milled wood work inside.  There is tons of white oak throughout the renovated space, all custom.  If you’ve ever been in construction, you know that things always take longer than expected.  Now that construction is wrapping up, the wait won’t be long, and it will be worth it.

[]Before meeting with David, I was thinking about the space when it was David Ryan’s and wondering how they were going to rework it.  A two-floor restaurant is tough to be successful with.  I had heard that it was completely gutted, but I couldn’t conceive of the changes I was about to see.  The space was unrecognizable.

[]Even though things were still being finished up, it was easy to envision the final project.  When you walk in, you immediately see this gorgeous zinc tin bar with copper lining.  It’s cool and sleek and begs you to have a cocktail on it!

The seating downstairs will consist of high-top tables and chairs.  The space  is modern and simple, and loaded with custom details.  It’s going to be more of bar/lounge area with dining upstairs.  I think people are going to be quite surprised when they walk through that door.  You won’t believe how open and sophisticated the space feels – yes you read correctly, sophisticated.

[]On to the second floor, which is accessible by a new, beautiful white oak staircase, you’ll find the dining area is light and airy, and has the most amazing views of North Water Street and more, which I had never noticed before.

There’s a second bar that’s going to cause you to rethink where you are.  Did we end up at a swanky spot in the Southend instead of Edgartown?  It’s like being at a really chic bar in the city, but with a certain Island feel.  Behind the bar is a smooth white alabaster back-splash that will be highlighted with LED lights, illuminating the bar.  Once again, you will need to have a cocktail here.  A specialty martini might just be the perfect fit.

[]Also, on the second floor, in the back corner, which has a stunning view out to the Edgartown Harbor, you’ll find the space that is going to house live music. Remove a couple of tables and voilà — you’ll have a great new music venue.  Eleven North definitely plans on hosting live music, and with that fabulous bar, I welcome it!  I can imagine getting dressed up a bit for the night, having dinner with the girls, and staying late for drinks to enjoy some music in that space.

Throughout the upstairs and downstairs, the color palette is filled with soothing greys and pale blues which are relaxing, and speak to the style of Edgartown.  I have to mention for my friends who I’ve been to the old David Ryan’s with, yes, the bathrooms have been completely redone as well, and look like they’re part of a Coastal Living spread.

Eleven North’s Food

[]I was lucky enough to get a tour and spend some time with Eleven North’s Chef, Matthew Stogryn.  He’s young, energetic, funny, and excited as hell to be the Chef here.  Many of you may know him from his cooking at The Sweet Life Cafe in Oak Bluffs (which I love) and also Kitchen Porch (Jan Buhrman’s catering company).  Chef Stogryn has a passion for cooking and for cooking as local and organic as possible.

There will be a bar menu, a lunch menu, and a dinner menu, all of which will have something new to offer daily.  There will be something for everyone, from hand-crafted pizzas, to homemade pastas, lobster mac & cheese, to scallops with pork belly, to burgers, you’ll find something to be dazzled by.

Chef Stogryn is partnering with MV fishermen and fisher women too, of course, to get the freshest fish in season, and he is working with Morning Glory Farm for their goods as well.  I have to mention that he is also working with a farm on Chappy that will take away all of Eleven North’s compostable waste for their land – how cool is that for a way to reduce your waste!

Also, I need to mention that Eleven North will be family friendly.  David has two beautiful children, Abby and Jacob, so he knows how important it is to appeal to families.  A restaurant can be chic and accessble at the same time.  That’s music to my ears, since I like a place that welcomes the kiddos.

Not Just A Pretty Bar(s)

[]The first floor bar has 8 taps for draught beer and the upstairs bar has 10 taps – so be on the lookout for a great beer selection.  There will also be 20 bottled beers to choose from.  The wine list will be well appointed as well, and get ready for some delicious and refreshing signature cocktails.

[]With all the beers and wines that will be featured at Eleven North, there are plans to have beer dinners featuring the perfect brew to go with different foods and of course wine dinners too.  Perhaps these may happen in the off-season, since Eleven North is planning to be open year-round.

Yes my friends, that corner on North Water Street will no longer be dark.  I think that movie nights at Entertainment Cinemas during the Winter  just got a little more interesting since Eleven North will be open.

Let’s recap about Eleven North.  It’s opening in just a couple of weeks.  It will have an extensive menu.  The interior looks like you stepped into the hot new spot in Boston, but with a distinctive MV feel.  There will be live music, and a great selection of cocktails.  It will be kid friendly and be open year round.

I think it sounds like a winner for not only Edgartown but for all of us.  Once it’s open, I’ll do a follow-up post so you can see the finished product and have more details about the menu.  I am really looking forward to seeing the finished product.

I’m wishing David, Matthew, and the entire Eleven North team a successful opening season and look forward to many nights out there.

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Thanks for reading On Point. You can find Eleven North on Facebook and I would definitely check out all the photos they have on their page.  And speaking of social media, don’t forget to  “Like” us on Facebook, on follow us on Twitter, Linked In, Pinterest and YouTube.

question: Summarize the imagery provided for the two floor restaurant in the text.

answer: The two floor restaurant in the text is described with great details. The seating of the restaurant downstairs consists of high-top tables and chairs. A bar/lounge area will be incorporated upstairs. The place feels very sophisticated and sleek. There is a gorgeous zinc tin bar with copper lining. The staircase in the restaurant is new and built with beautiful white oak.

question: Summarize the narrator's feelings towards restaurants.

answer: The narrator is very passionate about restaurants. The narrator takes the time to describe details of the interiors of the restaurants along with the food and provides a detail "critique" of each place he describes. The narrator seems to also have great knowledge of the places that he describes and knows what aspects in a restaurant or bar will make it successful.

question: How would restaurants and bars benefit from the narrator's "critiques"/advertisements?


text:
A review of the latest scientific research on breast cancer shows that there is strong evidence that breast-feeding can reduce women’s risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers.

[woman breastfeeding her baby]Share on Pinterest
A review of several studies has found strong evidence to suggest that a woman’s breast cancer risk can be reduced if she breast-feeds her children.

A report on the review, by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), has been released this week to mark World Breastfeeding Week.

The report offers several possible explanations for how breast-feeding lowers breast cancer risk. One reason is that lactation delays when women start menstruating again after giving birth. This reduces lifetime exposure to hormones such as estrogen, which are linked to increased risk of breast cancer.

ANOTHER WAY IN WHICH BREAST-FEEDING MAY LOWER BREAST CANCER RISK IS THAT, AFTER LACTATION, THE BREAST SHEDS A LOT OF TISSUE DURING WHICH IT MAY ALSO GET RID OF CELLS WITH DAMAGED DNA, WHICH CAN GIVE RISE TO CANCER.

The report also suggests that lactation may change the expression of genes in breast cells in a way that exerts a “lasting impact” on the risk of cancer development.

Breast cancer is a disease that develops when abnormal cells in the breast begin to multiply and form a tumor. Although men can also get breast cancer, the disease arises almost always in women.

In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, not counting skin cancer.

In 2014, 236,968 women and 2,141 men living in the U.S. found out that they had breast cancer. In that year, 41,211 women and 465 men also died of the disease.

The new report reviewed 18 studies on lactation and breast-feeding. From the 13 that evaluated the effect of length of breast-feeding, the report finds that for every 5 months of breast-feeding duration, there is a 2 percent lower risk of breast cancer.

IN LINE WITH OTHER AGENCIES SUCH AS THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), THE AICR RECOMMEND THAT BABIES ARE BREAST-FED EXCLUSIVELY FOR UP TO 6 MONTHS BEFORE INTRODUCING OTHER FOODS. NOT ONLY DOES BREAST MILK PROVIDE INFANTS WITH ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS, IT ALSO BOOSTS THEIR IMMUNE SYSTEM AND HELPS TO PROTECT THEM FROM INFECTION AND ASTHMA.

A recent report from the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) on U.S. breast-feeding practices suggests that while breast-feeding rates continue to rise, recommendations on how long to breast-feed for and when to introduce other foods are not being met.

The CDC report shows that among babies born in 2013, the vast majority (81.1 percent) started breast-feeding, suggesting that most mothers in the U.S. want to breast-feed and try to do so. But by the time they were 6 months old, only around half (51.8 percent) of the babies were still breast-feeding.

The AICR and WCRF report also finds strong evidence to suggest that being overweight and carrying excess body fat can raise the risk for developing breast cancer after the menopause. On the other hand, body fatness reduces the risk of breast cancer developing before the menopause.

In terms of other lifestyle factors, the report finds that for both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancers, there is strong evidence that alcohol consumption raises the risk, while vigorous exercise reduces it. It also finds that moderate physical activity lowers the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.

THE AICR ESTIMATE THAT A THIRD OF BREAST CANCERS IN THE U.S. COULD BE PREVENTED BY AVOIDING ALCOHOL, BEING MORE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE, AND MAINTAINING A HEALTHY WEIGHT.

The report also suggests that breast-fed babies are less likely to put on too much weight as they grow. This gives them a good start in life, as overweight and obesity in adults raises the risk of developing 11 common cancers, according to AICR research.

  “It isn’t always possible for moms to breast-feed but for those who can, know that breast-feeding can offer cancer protection for both the mother and the child.”

  Alice Bender, AICR Director of Nutrition Programs

The authors also note that in the future, it is hoped that the evidence will be more specific about subtypes of cancer, how they arise, and how they relate to risk factors. The newest research on breast cancer is beginning to identify subtypes according to the molecular nature of the disease, with different clinical outcomes.

As the authors conclude, “Firm conclusions on likely causal associations for cancer subtypes with more detailed molecular characterization will have to await better epidemiological data.”

question: In what way does breast-feeding reduce women's risk of pre and postmenopausal breast cancer?

answer: There are several possible reasons, however one of the prominent ones is that when women start menstruating after giving birth there is a lactation delay. Ultimately this reduces overall estrogen exposure, which is linked to increased breast cancer risk.

question: What is the specific chemical reasoning behind doctor's faith in breast feeding as a potential to reduce risk in breast cancer?

answer: It is suggested in the report that breast feeding changes gene expression in breast cells, ultimately creating a "lasting impact" on breast cancer risk.

question: How powerful of an effect does breastfeeding have on cancer reduction?

answer: The report described reviewed 18 studies in total, 13 specifically focused on breastfeeding length. Ultimately what was found that every 5 months of breastfeeding reduces risk of breast cancer by 2%.

question: How does this data coincide with WHO recommendations for how long the optimal breastfeeding time for babies?

answer: The WHO recommends up to 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding before introducing other foods. However the CDC says that while rates for breastfeeding are on the rise, the recommended 6 month exclusivity period and when babies are being introduced to other foods are not being met.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A review of multiple studies on the scientific research on breast cancer rates suggest that breastfeeding is linked to a reduced risk for developing breast cancer. It is suggested in these repots that breast feeding alters gene expression in breast cells, which ultimately creates a "lasting impact" on breast cancer risk. The specific metrics from the studies indicate that for every 5 months of breastfeeding, risk of developing breast cancer is reduced by 2%. The WHO has recommended that babies be exclusively breast fed for 6 months before introducing other foods because breast milk contains important nutrients for the babies development, however the CDC has reported that while breastfeeding rates are on the rise, the 6 month timeline is not being met, and new foods are being introduced too early to babies in the U.S.