text:
The United Press International COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYER OF THE YEAR AWARD was among the first and most recognized college football awards. With the second bankruptcy of UPI in 1991, along with that of its parent company, the award was discontinued. Offensive and defensive players were eligible. Unlike the Heisman, it was never affiliated with a civic organization or named after a player (like the Walter Camp Award). Like all UPI college awards at the time, it was based on the votes of NCAA coaches. Billy Cannon, O.J. Simpson, and Archie Griffin are the only two-time winners.[1][2][3]

Yearly winners

1950—Vic Janowicz, Ohio State
1951—Dick Kazmaier, Princeton
1952—Billy Vessels, Oklahoma
1953—Paul Giel, Minnesota
1954—Alan Ameche, Wisconsin
1955—Howard Cassady, Ohio State
1956—Johnny Majors, Tennessee
1957—John David Crow, Texas A&M
1958—Billy Cannon, LSU
1959—Billy Cannon, LSU
1960—Joe Bellino, Navy
1961—Bob Ferguson, Ohio State
1962—Terry Baker, Oregon State
1963—Roger Staubach, Navy
1964—John Huarte, Notre Dame
1965—Mike Garrett, USC
1966—Steve Spurrier, Florida
1967—O. J. Simpson, USC
1968—O. J. Simpson, USC
1969—Steve Owens, Oklahoma
1970—Jim Plunkett, Stanford
1971—Ed Marinaro, Cornell
1972—Johnny Rodgers, Nebraska
1973—John Cappelletti, Penn State
1974—Archie Griffin, Ohio State
1975—Archie Griffin, Ohio State
1976—Tony Dorsett, Pittsburgh
1977—Earl Campbell, Texas
1978—Billy Sims, Oklahoma
1979—Charles White, USC
1980—Hugh Green, Pittsburgh
1981—Marcus Allen, USC
1982—Herschel Walker, Georgia
1983—Mike Rozier, Nebraska
1984—Doug Flutie, Boston College
1985—Bo Jackson, Auburn
1986—Vinny Testaverde, Miami (Fla.)
1987—Tim Brown, Notre Dame
1988—Barry Sanders, Oklahoma State
1989—Andre Ware, Houston
1990—Ty Detmer, BYU
1991—Desmond Howard, Michigan

[1] Los Angeles Times, December 12, 1962.

[2] Deseret News, December 18, 1990

[3] Deseret News, December 18, 1991

title: UPI College Football Player of the Year

question: Why was the award discontinued?

answer: UPI went bankrupt for the second time, and its parent company also went bankrupt

question: When was the award discontinued?

answer: 1991

question: Who are the only two-time winners?

answer: Billy Cannon, O.J. Simpson, and Archie Griffin

question: How were the winners determined?

answer: Votes of NCAA coaches

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The United Press International (UPI) College Football Player of the Year Award was discontinued in 1991 due to UPI declaring bankruptcy. The article lists all of the winners of the award.


split: train

text:
A fearful and sweating man walks into an old stone church,
dips his hand into its water, painting a cross upon his shirt.
He continues pace 'til he meets the oldest and wisest of priests,
Bowing, Kneeling, revealing horns of the greatest beast.
He says "Father I've sinned and I've prayed, I've prayed and I've sinned,
yet no matter the strength of my prayer I sin again".
The priest being the oldest and wisest of suit,
couldn't help but chuckle thumping his small worn leather boot.
The man raised his head almost cracking his horns atop the ceiling,
nearly furious at how the priest was feeling.
He repeated once more what he had just said,
stroking the unearthly horns upon his head.
"Please father you see each time I sin my horns beginnto grow,
surely as sure as heaven you must know".
Once again the old priest stomped a worn boot and let out a laugh,
the man jumped from his knees, horns bright red displaying his wrath.
You damned old fool tell me the way,
to find the light to rid these horns that stay.
The old man nearly fell out of his seat.
Hunched over, hands waving, stomping his feet.
The man's horns grew twice as large and twice as red,
as they crackled like Hell's fire atop his head.
You know nothing, you're foolish, you're stupid, you're cruel,
laughing at my pain as if a dunce hat in school.
He turned craving holes in the stone roof above.
The old man grabbing his arm as he tossed and shoved.
He said, "I'm sorry young man but I could not refrain,
from the simpleness of the solution to solving you're pain.
You see though you have horns, you did not burn
when you walked these holy walls riddled with concern.
You did not smoke, choke, simmer, or sadder,
when you dipped your hands in the holiest of water.
You see these horns you touche, you taste, you feel,
have never truly been something real.
Though they weigh you down and hold you back,
the mark of the beast you seem to lack.
For you see every man has his horns, it is the most common of things,
for without our horns we would never appreciate wings.

title: Horns of a Sinner By NLawler

question: What happens each time the man sins?

answer: He grows horns.

question: To whom does the man speak?

answer: The priest.

question: What does the older man tell the younger man about the horns he's growing?

answer: They are imaginary.

question: Why, according to the priest, do we have horns?

answer: So we can appreciate wings.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A younger man goes into a church, essentially complaining to an old priest that he grows horns. The old priest laughs and tells him they are imaginary, and all men have them, as we would never appreciate wings without horns.


text:
_OZTIRA_ is a genus of Australian tangled nest spiders first described by G. A. Milledge in 2011.[1]

Species

it contains four species:[2]

-   _Oztira affinis_ (Hickman, 1981) – Australia (Tasmania)
-   _Oztira aquilonaria_ (Davies, 1986) – Australia (Queensland)
-   _Oztira kroombit_ Milledge, 2011 – Australia (Queensland)
-   _Oztira summa_ (Davies, 1986) – Australia (Queensland)

[1]

[2]

title: Oztira

question: What type of animals belong to the genus Oztira?

answer: Australian tangled nest spiders belong to the genus Oztira.

question: How many known species are in Oztira?

answer: There are four known species in Oztira.

question: What is the only known species in Oztira to be found in Tasmania?

answer: Oztira affinis is the only known species of Oztira to be found in Tasmania.

question: When was Oztira kroombit discovered?

answer: Oztira kroombit was discovered in 2011.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Oztira is a genus of Australian tangled nest spiders. There are four known species in Oztira, three of which are found in Queensland. The remaining species is found in Tasmania.


text:
_HOUR OF THE ASSASSIN_ (also known as [1]) is a 1987 action–drama film starring Erik Estrada, Robert Vaughn, Alfredo Álvarez Calderón, Orlando Sacha, Reynaldo Arenas, and Lourdes Berninzon. The film was directed by Luis Llosa Urquidi and written by Matt Leipzig.[2][3][4] _Hour of the Assassin_ was executive produced by Roger Corman.

Plot

Employed by a group of generals, Martin Fiero (Estrada), a green beret, is hired to assassinate the newly elected President of San Pedro de Tacna, Peru. They feel threatened by the liberal sympathies of the new president-elect. The generals, having killed Fiero's father years ago, trick Fiero into thinking he is working for the leftist People's Party. Meanwhile, a CIA agent, Sam Merrick (Vaughn) is sent stop to the assassination. It's a race against time as the agent must stop Fiero before it's too late.[5]

Cast

-   Erik Estrada as Martin Fierro
-   Robert Vaughn as Sam Merrick
-   Alfredo Álvarez Calderón as Ortiz
-   Orlando Sacha as Folco
-   Reynaldo Arenas as Paladoro
-   Lourdes Berninzon as Adriana
-   Ramón García as Navarro
-   Oswaldo Fernández as Casals
-   Ramón García Ribeyro as Andujar
-   Gustavo MacLennan as Doc
-   Alberto Montalva as Costa
-   Francisco Giraldo as Roberto Villaverde
-   Estela Paredes as Paladoro's Wife
-   Javier Solís as Marcelo
-   Franjo Antich as Tough Kid Motorbike
-   Baldomero Cáceres as Tough Kid Castilla (credited as Baldomero Caceres)
-   Maria Teresa Gagodorca as Luisa
-   German Paredes as Santiago (credited as German Gonzales)

Production

Filming

_Hour of the Assassin_ was filmed in Peru.[6]

Release

_Hour of the Assassin_ was released in theatres on January 23, 1987. The film was released on VHS by Warner Home Video on May 26, 1987.[7] _Hour of the Assassin_ was released on DVD.[8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Hour of the Assassin (1987 film)

question: What is the Hour of the Assassin?

answer: It is a 1987 action–drama film starring Erik Estrada, Robert Vaughn, Alfredo Álvarez Calderón, Orlando Sacha, Reynaldo Arenas, and Lourdes Berninzon. The film was directed by Luis Llosa Urquidi and written by Matt Leipzig. Hour of the Assassin was executive produced by Roger Corman.

question: Who is the movie's main protagonist?

answer: Martin Fierro (played by Erik Estrada)

question: What is the film's plot?

answer: Martin Fierro, a green beret, is hired by a group of generals to assassinate the newly elected President of Peru because they feel threatened by his liberal sympathies. Little does Fierro know that the generals killed his father years ago and duped him into thinking he's working for the leftist People's Party. CIA agent, Sam Merrick, is sent to stop the assassination.

question: Where was Hour of the Assassin filmed?

answer: Peru

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Hour of the Assassin is a 1987 action-drama film starring Erik Estrada as the main protagonist, Martin Fierro, who is hired by a group of generals to assassinate the newly elected President of Peru. Fierro, a green beret, doesn't know the generals killed his father years ago and are playing him. CIA agent Sam Merrick, played by Robert Vaughn, is sent to stop Fierro before it's too late. The film was shot in Peru and was directed by Luis Llosa Urquidi on a script by Matt Leipzig.


text:
I was unsure or where I was or how I got here, but my mind told me that I was at the park. I couldn’t tell because my vision was blurry and distortions of black figures confused me. I knew I was dreaming. It was too unreal a situation to assume that I was alive in the real world. I could hear my on the sidewalk, but it sounded like muffled booms. It was if my steps were heavy.

I turn my head to try and spot someone familiar, and I do. A girl I once knew. I remember her image well because before I went to bed, I saw her on facebook. She was really pretty. She had boyfriend and life issues. But what ran in my mind the most was how pretty she was. So here and now, we stood together. She looked quite the same as I saw her with her short hair and mysterious eyes. I couldn’t help but stare and smile. She stared back with wonder, and a hint of annoyance.

“You look…..really beautiful” I remember saying to her.

She laughed at me. A laugh as if she wanted to be cruel, and she told me to go fuck myself.

In real life I knew she was a nice girl, but I felt I deserved the answer. I wanted to reach out and touch her in a comforting way but she stepped back. As the seconds past, I could feel a rip in my abdomen and the tightness id get in my chest when I’m going through an anxiety attack. I start to cough out blood, and realize my heart is shrinking inside. The pain is immense, and the tears don’t end. A bad odor escapes my body, and white flakes fall from my hair. I figured that my dream was now showing me my flaws, but it was too much to take in. The pain finally exploded, and I woke up.

In my bed now I am resting both confused and alone. It wasn’t long before I started thinking of her again, and what that dream meant. It wasn’t long before I started fantasizing holding that girl in my arms. It wasn’t long before I sunk into despair for a short time. I heard jazz music from upstairs, and the snoring of my younger brother. Taking a deep breath as I rest easy I can only mutter softly, trying to keep these sounds around me to calm me down.

“Am I that repulsive…”

Who knows…

title: Short Story of a Dream I Had

question: Where is the narrator?

answer: At a park, in a dream

question: Why does the narrator recall the girl so well?

answer: He saw a picture of her on Facebook just before he went to bed

question: What does the narrator think his dream means?

answer: He believes the dream was showing him his flaws, and he worries it might mean he's repulsive

question: Why does the girl in the dream laugh at the narrator?

answer: The narrator believes she does it because she wanted to be cruel

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator dreams that his is in a park and knows he is dreaming. He sees a girl he used to know and tells her she's beautiful. She laughs at him, and the narrator feels an intense pain before waking up. The narrator wonders if he is repulsive.


text:
A BIOPROCESS is a specific process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g., bacteria, enzymes, chloroplasts) to obtain desired products.

Transport of energy and mass is fundamental to many biological and environmental processes. Areas, from food processing (including brewing beer[1]) to thermal design of buildings to biomedical devices to pollution control and global warming, require knowledge of how energy and mass can be transported through materials (momentum, heat transfer, etc.).

Cell bioprocessing

Cell therapy bioprocessing is a discipline that bridges the fields of cell therapy and bioprocessing (i.e., biopharmaceutical manufacturing), and is a sub-field of bioprocess engineering. The goals of cell therapy bioprocessing are to establish reproducible and robust manufacturing processes for the production of therapeutic cells.[2][3] Commercially relevant bioprocesses will:

1.  Produce products that maintain all of the quality standards of biopharmaceutical drugs[4]
2.  Supply both clinical and commercial quantities of therapeutic cells throughout the various stages of development. The processes and production technologies must be scalable,[5] and
3.  Control the cost of goods (CoGs) of the final drug product. This aspect is critical to building the foundation for a commercially viable industry.

Upstream bioprocessing

Therapeutic cell manufacturing processes can be separated into upstream processes and downstream processes. The upstream process is defined as the entire process from early cell isolation and cultivation, to cell banking and culture expansion of the cells until final harvest (termination of the culture and collection of the live cell batch).

Aside from technology challenges, concerning the scalability of culture apparatus, a number of raw material supply risks have emerged in recent years, including the availability of GMP grade fetal bovine serum.

The upstream part of a bioprocess refers to the first step in which microbes/cells are grown, e.g. bacterial or mammalian cell lines (see cell culture), in bioreactors. Upstream processing involves all the steps related to inoculum development, media development, improvement of inoculum by genetic engineering process, optimization of growth kinetics so that product development can improve tremendously. Fermentation has two parts: upstream and downstream. After product development, the next step is the purification of product for desired quality. When they reach the desired density (for batch and fed-batch cultures) they are harvested and moved to the downstream section of the bioprocess.

Downstream bioprocessing

The downstream part of a bioprocess refers to the part where the cell mass from the upstream are processed to meet purity and quality requirements. Downstream processing is usually divided into three main sections: cell disruption, a purification section and a polishing section. The volatile products can be separated by distillation of the harvested culture without pre-treatment. Distillation is done at reduced pressure at continuous stills. At reduced pressure, distillation of product directly from fermentor may be possible. The steps of downstream processing are:

1.  Separation of biomass: separating the biomass (microbial cells) generally carried out by centrifugation or ultra-centrifugation. If the product is biomass, then it is recovered for processing and spent medium is discarded. If the product is extra cellular the biomass will be discarded. Ultra filtration is an alternative to the centrifugation.
2.  Cell disruption: If the desired product is intra cellular the cell biomass can be disrupted so that the product should be released. The solid-liquid is separated by centrifugation or filtration and cell debris is discarded.
3.  Concentration of broth: The spent medium is concentrated if the product is extracellular.
4.  Initial purification of metabolites: According to the physico-chemical nature of the product molecule several methods for recovery of product from the clarified fermented broth were used (precipitation, etc.)
5.  De-watering: If low amount of product is found in very large volume of spent medium, the volume is reduced by removing water to concentrate the product. It is done by vacuum drying or reverse osmosis.
6.  Polishing of metabolites: this is the final step of making the product 98 to 100% pure. The purified product is mixed with several inert ingredients called excipients. The formulated product is packed and sent to the market for the consumers.

[1]

[2]

[3] Rowley, J.A. Developing Cell Therapy Biomanufacturing Processes, Chem Eng Progress, SBE Stem Cell Engineering Nov Supplement, 50-55, 2010.

[4] Draft Guidance : Instructions and Template for CMC Reviewers of Human Somatic Cell Therapy IND Applications

[5]

title: Bioprocess

question: What processes are involved in therapeutic cell manufacturing and how are they different from each other?

answer:
The therapeutic cell manufacturing process has two steps: upstream processes and downstream processes.

Upstream bioprocessing is the first step in growing microbes/cells in bioreactors involving all the steps related to inoculum development, media development, improvement of inoculum by genetic engineering process, and optimization of growth kinetics so that product development can improve tremendously. Half of the fermentation process occurs during Upstream bioprocessing.

The other half of the fermentation process happens during Downstream bioprocessing, where the cell mass from the upstream is processed to meet purity and quality requirements. It is divided into three main sections: cell disruption, a purification section, and a polishing section.


text:
There was an complete stillness to the air. There was no wind; it was calm, tranquil and cool. I laughed, one short quick exhalation and the vapor cloud  hung in front of my face for a while before dissipating to a realm beyond sight and mind.

I looked down at you. It had been about four years now, but you were exactly where I left you. The blades of grass had started to brown, marking the end of summer and soon the onslaught of winter would be upon us, bringing with it the cold devastation.

It was had been four years now, and judging by the condition of this place, you had already been forgotten.

I thought back to it all. The violence. The beauty. Your panicked breath washing over the skin on my neck, just below my ear. Normally I take no pleasure—well, that is a slight lie, but I deny myself from giving in completely to the fury of it all. The dance, while still skillfully executed, typically contains no emotion. I could make rivers and lakes with what I have done, so what is just one more bucket?

Sure the first time engulfed me. It fueled my desires. Eviscerated with every last second of the moment. It happened all so fast, but time distorts in my mind. It is slowed to the point of seeing a hummingbird's wings flap with a slow and steady pulse. I heard the echos of a heart beat, loud and thunderous, irregular and desperate...

And with you it wasn't any different—though thousands of times this ritual plotted, schemed, and preformed, I heard the echo of your heartbeat. Time was not in control, I was. You had surrendered completely, accepting your role entirely. You had your part to play, though you tried to rob me of it. Foolish, but still what more could have been expected of you? So fiery, so stubborn, and so sad. But oh so beautiful. Your cries still ring in my ears. I can still taste your sweat on my tongue, and the acrid scent in my nostrils. I don't have to imagine it, no. No no no; not you, my dear. And that is what makes you special. That is what mark you have left. That, and the scar from the bite mark on my shoulder.

I watched as your eyes glassed. I stayed to watch you paint the floor. Each and every last brush stroke, divine—sacrosanct. Plotted so precise by the hand of fate. And when it licked my boot, I watched it change—as beautiful as the leaves in autumn.

Ah yes. Autumn.

It had been four years now. And you were exactly where I left you.

The cold air made every sound within a mile crystal clear—clear as the sky on this day. The sun was starting so set now, and the once cool and tranquil calm—the eery stillness was replaced by a gentle breeze. The rustle of dead leaves interrupted the pin-drop-silence I so enjoyed. But as the leaves blew between the gravestones, they were caught and coalesced among the trinkets of those left behind...

There were no flowers.
There were no candles.
There were no wreaths or bells.

You were exactly where I left you. And it had only been four years, but the world has already forgotten you.

You had no mourners.
You had no survivors.
You have only me.

Me...

And it is only a matter of time before I move on. Till my life is once again chained to the ritual, the dance. Your screams will be replaced from my dreams. The blood on my hands will belong to someone else. And then what will become of you? How long till your name fades from the garnet? Your life was a short and pointless echo, muted at my hand. Erased, as if you never existed.

There were no flowers at your grave.
There were no candles.
There were no wreaths or bells.
There were no letters from loved ones.
There were no tears that frosted the browning grass.
You had no mourners.
You had no survivors.
You had only me.

I reached into the pocket of my long coat.
This was my paint brush. This was my pen. This was the baton I used to conduct your requiem.

I set the silver plated, serrated and barbed dagger at the foot of your headstone. A single red velvet ribbon tied into a perfect bow embraced the blade to the hilt.

I blew a kiss and walked away.

title: Prey

question: How does the narrator describe the graveyard of the woman?

answer: Four years had passed since the woman had been laid to rest. It was the end of summer and it appears as if the grave had been abandoned. There were no flowers, no candles and no letters. It's as if the woman had already been forgotten.


text:
Best Seller

The requested item 01835 is obsolete and has been replaced. The new item is 01945.

-   60 vegetarian capsules
-   Item # 01945

[BioActive Complete B-Complex, 60 vegetarian capsules - Life Extension]

Click to Zoom

Double Tap to Zoom

[Supplement Facts for BioActive Complete B-Complex, 60 vegetarian capsules]

Click to Zoom

Double Tap to Zoom

[]

Click to Play Video

Best Seller

The requested item 01835 is obsolete and has been replaced. The new item is 01945.

-   60 vegetarian capsules
-   Item # 01945

Vitamin B supports cell energy, metabolism, cognition & more

Formulated with the biologically active forms of each nutrient, BioActive Complete B-Complex delivers the wide variety of vitamin B benefits your body needs to thrive.

Gluten free Non-GMO Vegetarian

Order By Units

~~$9.00~~

 Super Sale
 $8.10

Save 10%

$0.13/count | 30 Day Supply

Select Multi-Unit Discount

-   Select Multi-Unit Discount
-    1 Unit @ $8.10 each
    Save 10%
-    4 Units @ $7.20 each
    Save 20%

Get the lowest price + FREE SHIPPING

~~$9.00~~
VIP Autoship: $7.20
 Save 20%

$0.12/count | 30 Day Supply

[] Learn more about VIP AutoShip

Choose from 30, 60 or 90 day auto-delivery. Skip or cancel any time. Guranteed Lowest Price and Free Shipping!

_Great vegan source of Vitamin B. I’ve taken this supplement for years._

Debbie

_I would buy this again. It’s is a great way to get all my B vitamins._

Caralee

_I take one of these a day. This is a good supplement._

Patricia

_Good vitamin complex with a broad spectrum of B vitamins._

Tricia

Frequently Bought Together

-   THIS ITEM: BioActive Complete B-Complex, 60 vegetarian capsules
-   Gamma E Mixed Tocopherols & Tocotrienols, 60 softgels

[BioActive Complete B-Complex, 60 capsules - Life Extension]

[Gamma E Mixed Tocopherols And Tocotrienols, 60 softgels]

Total Price:

~~$39.00~~
Sale $35.10
 Save 10%

BIOACTIVE COMPLETE B-COMPLEX

60 vegetarian capsules

-   ~~$9.00~~
-   Sale $8.10
-   _Save 10%_

$0.13/count | 30 Day Supply

Overview

Healthy vitamin B levels can support energy production, organ function, cognitive function and other essential metabolic processes. BioActive Complete B-Complex is packed with the biologically active forms of vitamin B6, B12, niacin, biotin, 5-MTHF folate and more, making it a great way to get B vitamins.

Which vitamin B is right for me? Each type plays a different role in your health, so it’s important to get what the body needs.

BIOACTIVE COMPLETE B-COMPLEX BENEFITS

-   Promotes healthy metabolism of glucose, fat & alcohol
-   Supports the healthy energy production your body needs
-   Encourages healthy organ function, cognitive health & more
-   Helps inhibit potential vitamin B deficiency

[]

What is pantothenic acid?

Vitamin B5, or pantothenic acid, supports hemoglobin synthesis, hormone and neurotransmitter health, as well as carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation.

[]

Why add pyridoxine and pyridoxal?

Vitamin B6 in the form of pyridoxine HCI and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate affects amino acid and lipid metabolism, neurotransmitter health, and hemoglobin synthesis.

BioActive Complete B-Complex

Get the B’s You Need

BioActive Complete B-Complex delivers a wide variety of B vitamins to help the body thrive. These vitamins help release energy from the foods you eat, such as carbohydrates, fat and protein. Vitamin B coenzymes are also crucial to the metabolic pathways that generate cellular energy fuel.

Product Details

100 MG OF VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)—Thiamine helps convert carbohydrates into usable energy.¹ It also supports healthy nervous system function and production of both RNA and DNA. 2,3

MORE __

THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION.
THESE PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE, OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE.

1.  _International journal of clinical practice_. 2011;65(6):684-690.
2.  _Neurochemical research_. 2015;40(2):353-361.
3.  _J Lab Clin Med_. 1975;86(1):77-90.
4.  National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary supplements. Riboflavin: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Accessed Jun. 17, 2019. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-HealthProfessional/
5.  _J Lipid Res_. 2019;60(4):741-746.
6.  _Chemico-Biological Interactions_. 2006;163(1):94-112.
7.  _Altern Med Rev_. 2011;16(3):263-74.
8.  _The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition_. 2007;86(5):1563S-1568S.
9.  _Molecules_. 2009;14(1):329-351.
10. _Advances in Nutrition_. 2012;3(2):213-214.
11. _Clinical pharmacokinetics_. 2010;49(8):535-548.
12. _J Inherit Metab Dis_. 2018
13. _J Pediatr_. 2018;202:315-319.e2.
14. _Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes_. 2019;3(2):200-214.
15. _J Cell Biochem_. 2006;97(2):252-60.
16. _Curr Biol_. 1998;8(16):R557-9.

Serving Size 2 vegetarian capsules

Servings Per Container 30

Amount Per Serving
Thiamine (vitamin B1) (as thiamine HCl)

100 mg

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (as riboflavin and riboflavin 5’-phosphate)

75 mg

Niacin (as niacinamide and niacin)

100 mg•

Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCl and pyridoxal 5’-phosphate)

100 mg

Folate (as L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate calcium salt)

680 mcg°

Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin)

300 mcg

Biotin

1000 mcg

Pantothenic acid (as D-calcium pantothenate)

500 mg

Calcium (as D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate)

50 mg

Inositol

100 mg

PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid)

50 mg

Other ingredients: vegetable cellulose (capsule), microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, purified water, silica.

•NE (niacin equivalents). °DFE (dietary folate equivalents)

Non-GMO

Dosage and Use
-   Take two (2) capsules daily with food, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.

Caution
Temporary flushing, itching, rash, or gastric disturbances may occur

WARNINGS

-   KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
-   DO NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED DOSE
-   Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
-   When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.

To report a serious adverse event or obtain product information, contact 1-866-280-2852.

Actual Size

[Pill Size Image]

Reviews / Q&A

Product reviews are provided for informational purposes only and reflect solely the views and opinions expressed by the contributors and not those of Life Extension. We do not verify or endorse any claims made in these reviews. Please read the full product reviews disclaimer.

-   Reviews
-   Questions & Answers

Essentials Quiz

Answer a few questions to choose the right supplements

question: Why should someone take vitamin B?

answer: According to this advertisement, it  can support energy production, organ function, cognitive function and other essential metabolic processes.

question: How does vitamin B help the nervous system?

answer: That information can't be found.

question: What are the effects of having low vitamin B?

answer: It's possible it can make you feel fatigued.

question: Why shouldn't you purchase this product if the seal is broken?

answer: Possibly because the product may be contaminated.


text:
Hello there! My name is Michael J. Orzechowski and I would like to submit a short story to Backhand Stories. I have finished publishing my first full collection of work entitled "This City is Dead to Me: Tales From the Land of Pleasant Living", along with other plays and novellas. I typically write darker stories with a twist and am heavily influenced by the work of E.A. Poe [which I find fitting, seeing as how I live in the wonderful city of Baltimore]. I hope you would consider this for your blog and, if you enjoy it and it gets positive feedback, I would love to share more!

I have the story copied out below and I will also attach it in a .doc file as well. Let me know if you need any more information about me, the story or anything else in between!

Thank you again
Michael J. Orzechowski

Clunk

By: Michael Orzechowski

The gallows finally came into sight. The rain was falling lightly and Glenda could feel it trickle on her forehead. She wanted nothing more than to wipe her brow, but the ropes binding her hands kept her arms firm against her side. Closing her eyes to keep the sweat from rolling in, she tripped on the cobblestone beneath her feet. As she landed on her knees, the crowd exploded in cheers. Glenda opened her eyes and searched for any sign of remorse; any preservation of her dignity. There was none.

            Glenda made her way up the creaky stairs of the platform as the ranting and raving of the audience was pushed to a halt by a short, bald man in a long brown robe. Waving his hands high in the air, he drew the attention of every man, woman and child who had traveled to the far side of town for a hanging.

            “Good people of the state!” he began, muffling the voices of the last few citizens, standing at the base of the wooden structure, “We gather here today in triumph! We gather here today in victory! We gather here to put an end to the heartache and to find closure from the events of the past few months. Here before you stands Glenda Handell. She is convicted on three counts of kidnapping and the murder of Emily, George and Gretchen Libell. She has been found guilty and been sentenced, by the court, to hang from the neck until she is dead. We only hope that God shows her the mercy that she was unable to show those poor children.”

            The crowd’s voices lifted again in a fleet of booing and screaming. The town had looked forward to this day since the three children had gone missing over two months ago. The one who looked forward to it the most, however, was James Crandon, the leader of the search. Originally a traveler from New York City, he had travelled all the way to Decker in hopes of opening his own business, but had since become the sheriff of the small town. He was one of the first out-of-state sheriffs the state of Virginia had ever had, and the townsfolk adored him.

            James was a tall man, dark in complexion with bright green eyes. His hair flowed over his shoulders, which swept back to reveal the lapels of his finely tailored jacket. He stood at the base of the gallows, biting his bottom lip in anticipation. Glenda moved her eyes over to his and shook her head. James did nothing but smile.

            Glenda knew the truth.

            It was a beautiful day out in the fields. The sun was radiating a warm glow and the trees danced in the light breeze that blew in from the north. The town was alive with workers and artists, walking the streets and making their living. Glenda stepped out of her small home and onto the dusty road. She could hear the children playing in the crop fields across the way and decided to go sit on the fence to watch them. She could see the blue on their shirts peering through the cornstalks as they bolted from side to side.

            “Tag!” one of the children would yell. “You’re it!”

            “Am not!” the other would cry, running away from the other children.

            Glenda chuckled as the kids argued back and forth. She thought to herself all the games she played when she was their age. She missed those times so dearly. She jumped off the fence and decided that she was going to join the children, despite the fact that she was still wearing her cooking gown and soft shoes.

            The fallen stalk crunched under her feet as she walked towards the children, her steps growing faster and faster until she was in a light jog. She finally reached the middle of the field to find that the children had left. Glenda circled the field, but the three where nowhere to be found.

            Glenda began to feel a warmth under her feet. The strange sensations struck fear into her heart as she looked down at her toes and wiggled them, feeling the thin, damp covering of her shoes.

Crimson.

            Glenda covered her face in horror and saw a trail of red leading to the back of the crop field. Her feet reluctantly pulled her towards the trail as tears rolled down her face. She stepped ever-so-carefully, terrified to know what was at the other end. The trail led her to an old shack in the backwoods. Her hand shook as she stretched it out to the door. The hinges squealed as she gave it a small shove and peered inside. What she saw she knew would never leave her eyes. There, standing over three motionless children, was James.

            Glenda turned and ran.

            “Ladies and gentlemen!” the man in the robe continued. “It saddens me to have to watch such a young, pretty girl like this fall into the grasps of the devil. However, the crimes you have committed are beyond that which is forgivable here on Earth. Ms. Handell, have you any words to say before you meet your fate?

            Glenda stood silent.

            James spoke up from the crowd. “The girl’s one of them mutes, Reverend. Can’t say a God damn thing if she tried.”

            Glenda hung her head in shame.

            “But worry not, Sir, I assure you, she is the culprit. I saw her do it with my own two eyes. It took me a while to track her down, but I got her. Oh, I got her.”

            The reverend stepped up to Glenda, placing a hood over her head and began whispering a prayer into her ear. Her knees shook violently as she made her way towards the noose. Glenda felt the rope fall over her nose and chin as the reverend pulled it tight to her throat. The crowd stood in awe as the trapdoor opened with a loud clunk.

title: Clunk

question: What has Glenda been charged of?

answer: She has been charged of the kidnapping and murder of Emily, George, and Gretchen Libel.

question: How does Glenda feel when she is convicted of the crime?

answer: She knows she isn't completely guilty but puts her head down in shame.

question: How does James describe Glenda?

answer: As a mute

question: What was Glenda's relationship with the kids?

answer: She had a good relationship with the kids and would see them and play with them.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Glenda Handell has been charged with the kidnapping and murder of three children. James Crandon finds her and brings her to the gallows to be hung. Glenda knows she is innocent, but she is a mute and hangs her head in shame.


text:
_AIR SUPPLY_ is the eighth studio and second eponymous album by Australian soft rock band Air Supply, released in 1985 (see 1985 in music). The album was a step down in the band's sales, reaching gold certification and #26 in the US charts.[1] The single “Just as I Am” was their last major entry on the charts, reaching #19 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, while their interpretation of the Jennifer Rush song “The Power of Love” became a minor hit, reaching #68.[2]

Track listing

1.  “Just as I Am” (Rob Hegel, Dick Wagner) – 4:46
2.  “The Power of Love” (Gunther Mende, Candy DeRouge, Jennifer Rush, Mary Susan Applegate) – 5:22
3.  “I Can't Let Go” (Graham Russell, Billy Steinberg) – 4:10
4.  “After All” (Seth Swirsky) – 3:40
5.  “I Wanna Hold You Tonight” (Russell, Don Cromwell, Ken Rarick) – 3:45
6.  “Make It Right” (Russell, Cromwell, Rarick) – 3:48
7.  “When the Time Is Right” (Gerald Milne) – 4:51
8.  “Sandy” (Bruce Springsteen) – 4:17
9.  “Great Pioneer” (Russell, Milne) – 4:11
10. “Black and Blue” (Russell, Steinberg, Cromwell, Rarick) – 3:58
11. “Sunset” (Russell) – 2:49
12. “Never Fade Away” (Russell) – 4:40

Personnel

-   Russell Hitchcock – vocals
-   Graham Russell – guitar, vocals
-   Wally Stocker – guitar
-   Frank Esler-Smith – keyboards, string arrangements
-   Ken Rarick – keyboards
-   Andy Richards – keyboard programming, synthesizer programming
-   Don Cromwell – bass
-   Ralph Cooper – drums

ADDITIONAL MUSICIANS

-   Bob Ezrin – keyboards
-   George Doering – guitar
-   Grant Geissman – guitar
-   Tim Thorney – guitar
-   Dick Wagner – guitar
-   Howard Ayee – bass, backing vocals
-   Tim Ryan – bass
-   Ken Sinnaeve – bass
-   Jorn Anderson – drums
-   Gary Craig – drums, percussion
-   Charlie Morgan – drums, percussion
-   Del Blake – percussion
-   Marc Russo – saxophone
-   Larry Williams – saxophone
-   Gary Grant – trumpet
-   Jerry Hey – trumpet
-   Maxi Anderson – backing vocals
-   Joel Feeney – backing vocals
-   Chrissie Hammond – backing vocals
-   Lindsay Hammond – backing vocals
-   Rachel Oldfield – backing vocals
-   Phyllis St. James – backing vocals
-   Tata Vega – backing vocals

[1] [ Air Supply (1985): Charts & Awards: Billboard Albums] 8-12-08

[2] [ Air Supply (1985): Charts & Awards: Billboard Singles] 8-12-08

title: Air Supply (1985 album)

question: Summarize the reception of the album Air Supply.

answer: The album Air Supply was released in 1985 by the band Air Supply. The album reached gold certification and #26 in the US charts. Two of the songs in the album made it to Billboard's Hot 100, one reaching #19, and the other reaching #68.

question: Summarize the contents of the album Air Supply.

answer: Air Supply is an album released by the band Air Supply in 1985. The album contains 12 soft rock songs, some of which are covers of other artist's songs. One song, "Just as I Am," reached #19 on Billboard's Hot 100 list, and another, "The Power of Love," reached #68. Most of the songs are around four minutes long, with one less than three minutes and one more than five.

question: Summarize the musicians involved with making the album Air Supply.

answer: The album Air Supply is an album by Australian soft rock band Air Supply. The album includes musical talents from vocalist Russell Hitchcock, guitarists Graham Russell and Wally Stocker, bassist Don Cromwell, drummer Ralph Cooper, and three keyboardists. The album was also made possible through the efforts of 23 additional musicians and instrumentalists. The additional musicians played instruments such as guitar, bass, percussion, saxophone, trumpet, and provided additional vocals.


text:
     Attention: I can't think of how to end this short story, but here is what I've written so far.

    The hurt was excruciating, so deep and cutting that it was almost physical. Alone, in a house full of my family, the night drew out even longer as every red minute on the digital clock flickered by. At three in the morning, my only company was the teddy bear at the end of the bed. All he had to offer was a blank stare.
	I choked back another flood of pain, biting into my pillow. Muffled screams filled my ears and salty tears filled my eyes and the thought of him filled my mind. That smile turned sneer, that gaze turned glower haunted the dark abysses of my thoughts. In the day, I could run from the mental image branded to me. Distractions and daylight saved my soul and sanity from the memories of his touch, but when night fell and the world laid to rest, there was no escape.
	He said forever but only meant a year. He said love but only meant abuse. He said I was important, that I mattered, that I was his one and only. I said he was my everything, but only realized he was more that that. Left like this, I felt less than nothing. Emotions were string. For him, they were something to play with and tangle. They were what strangled me, tied me to him even after he walked out of my life.  This wasn’t heartbreak. It was shattering my heart on the pavement and grinding it with his heels, like the way he ground cigarette butts.
	He left and took part of me with him, the vulnerable that opened up to him and only him. Carrying around my secrets, he knew the taste of my mouth, the feel of my lips, the love of my heart.
	It was the same heart that ached in the silence of my room. Its beating filled my ears and my face burned where he used to absent-mindedly trace the outline of my jaw.

title: This wasn't heartbreak.

question: Why is the narrator in pain?

answer: She is experiencing heartache.

question: Is the narrator alone?

answer: She feels alone, but her family is in the house with her.

question: How is the narrator feeling?

answer: She is feeling heartache and emotional pain.

question: Is the narrator able to make the pain stop?

answer: No.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator feels alone, but her family is in the house with her. She is remembering the man that broke her heart when he left her after only a year together. She is heartbroken, shattered.


text:
KEITH FINK is an American attorney, author, and academic. He represented a business in a contract dispute with Ellen DeGeneres dubbed by the media as “Iggygate”.[1]

In 2017, Fink became embroiled in a dispute with the University of California at Los Angeles regarding the importance of free speech, academic freedom, and viewpoint diversity in the collegiate setting.

Fink is the author of two books: _Free Speech in the Workplace_ and _Sex, Politics, and Race: Free Speech on Campus_.

Biography

Keith Fink was born in Santa Monica, California, and grew up in Bel Air, California. He attended University High School and then went to college at the University of California, Los Angeles.[2] Fink won dozens of debate tournaments throughout the country.[3] Fink and his debate partner Lisa Allred set the single season college debate record for most tournament wins in a year while juniors.[4]

After college, Fink taught debate at the Harvard School while also editing a college debate handbook called Fink's Files, which provided analysis and arguments on the yearly college debate topic. Fink also taught Speech at Stephen S. Wise Temple.[5]

Fink subsequently earned a Juris Doctor degree Southwestern Law School and was admitted to the State Bar of California.[6]

Legal career

Fink began his legal career as an associate attorney at Cotkin, Collins & Franscell. He subsequently joined Kindel & Anderson. Fink later joined Baker & Hostetler.[7] During Fink's early years as an attorney, he successfully litigated numerous 42 U.S.C. § 1983 cases, leading to one that was heard by the Supreme Court of California in which Fink's client prevailed.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Fink's focus expanded to labor, employment, business, and commercial litigation. In March 1997, Fink founded Keith A. Fink & Associates, a boutique litigation firm that primarily handles employment discrimination law, labor, business, civil rights, and entertainment law matters. Fink litigates cases in both state and federal courts throughout California.

Teaching

Fink began teaching as an Adjunct Professor at Southwestern Law School in 1993. He taught Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, Labor Law, Employment Discrimination, and Pretrial Civil Practice.[15]

In the 2007-2008 academic year, Fink stopped teaching at Southwestern Law School and began teaching at UCLA, his alma mater. For the next decade, Fink's teaching focused on the First Amendment, freedom of speech, employment law, entertainment law, and debate. Fink designed and taught four[16] courses: _Race, Sex & Politics: Free Speech on Campus_; _Free Speech in the Workplace_; _Entertainment Law_;[17] and _Abortion_, _Gun Control, and the Death Penalty: Arguing Contemporary Social Issues_.[18][19]

Fink's classes were generally well-received by students; with some describing his classes as among the “most influential and developmentally-important classes they've taken at UCLA.”[20][21]

Throughout the first half of 2017, Fink was engaged in an academic freedom dispute with UCLA administrators, leading to Laura E. Gómez (the former Dean of Social Sciences) opting not to promote him to Continuing Lecturer, effectively ending his employment with the Department of Communication Studies on June 30, 2017.[22]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]  The American Lawyer|website=www.americanlawyer.com|access-date=2017-09-12}}

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

title: Keith Fink

question: When was Fink born?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What are the titles of Fink's books?

answer: Free Speech in the Workplace and Sex, Politics, and Race: Free Speech on Campus

question: Where did Fink earn his Juris Doctor degree?

answer: Southwestern Law School

question: Where did Fink teach between 2008 and 2017?

answer: UCLA

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Keith Fink is an American attorney, author, and academic. He is famous for having represented a business in a contract dispute with Ellen DeGeneres, which the media dubbed "Iggygate," and for a dispute with the University of California at Los Angeles over free speech, academic freedom, and viewpoint diversity in the collegiate setting.


text: He is a not so simple man with an odd beginning. He was born a millionaire. He had everything he could ever ask for. Then one tragic day, his parents were taken from him at a young age. He could have let this tragedy take him over. Destroy him from the inside. He refused. For years he trained in both mind and body. He overcame his only fear. He looked it straight in the face and used it to his advantage. And while others fear the darkness, he uses it as a weapon. No one can know when he will strike. One thing they are sure of is that he will come forth from the welcoming embrace of the shadows, striking fear into the heart of any man. Some will freeze, completely unable to move. Others will try to run. They won’t get far. He will catch them in a matter of seconds. To criminals, he is the monster under the bed. To others, he is the father stopping these monsters from taking you away. Some men, the lucky ones, will walk away unscathed. The others will not be so lucky. Nightmares will ensue. When they wake from the dream, he will be in the corner of their filthy prison cell. He lunges at them. As they are screaming, some even for their mother, he will vanish. The strongest willed men will go insane after a single encounter. Some however, are already insane, and they work to stop this man from taking down their own kind. A crazy inmate from the Asylum just outside the city. A deranged Clown and his crazy girlfriend. Some are simply unnatural. A Crocodile that walks on two legs. A man exposed to chemicals that give him inhuman strength. But in the end, only one man can stop him. Himself. He will be his own downfall. But for now, he is a hero. The silent guardian that will protect those whom he will never meet, even at the cost of his own life. He is The Knight.

title: The Knight

question: Who are the major characters in the story?

answer: The story is centered around the knight who lost his parents as a young boy and devotes his life to protect the people who can't protect themselves.

question: What is the knight's only fear?

answer: The text does not fully answer this question. Indications are that he is afraid of failure due to his extensive training.

question: Who does the knight pursue?

answer: The knight pursues criminals, stopping monsters.

question: Who can stop the knight?

answer: Only one man can stop him - himself.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A young boy is born into a rich life. His parents die when he is young and he devotes his life to protecting the unprotected. He hunts criminal monsters down in the same way they hunt their prey. There is only one man who can stop him - himself.


text:
	I was a close friend of Ben Harper's for about 10 years, from playing legos, to shooting tin cans, to racing cars. I was there for him after his parents died, about to take him in until his aunt decided to stop being a bitch and let him live with her. Ben was never right after his parents died, but I could never put a finger on what exactly happened. It was like his mind was wrapped in a foggy black abyss, wrestling with itself, closing out everything he ever had. He went from constant chatter, to silent reluctance, and  from soccer practices to therapy sessions. But one thing was for certain, Ben Harper was always my good friend.
	As kids, we were always playing cops and robbers. I was always a cop, alongside our good friend Dennis, and Peter was always the first to volunteer himself to be the robber, most likely because he was  always so damn good at it. He'd sneak by with a certain level of stealth that made you think his feet weren't even on the ground. Even thinking  about it now...I'd say Peter's exceptional skills in cops and robbers is what has turned me and Dennis into such great cops. Always taking in the smallest details, always analyzing multiple times. Peter was a great catalyst to our career success.
	But one day in our sophomore year of highschool, Peter came to my house, unannounced. He asked if he could come in, his head tilted to the ground, hands shaking. He didn't walk in right away, but stood like a statue in an exhibit.
	“Can I come in...?”  Slightly monotone.
	Something was wrong.
	“Yeah dude, you alright?”
	He walked right passed me, sat on the couch his head in between his legs, cradled by his trembling hands.
	“My fucking aunt dude...”
	Peter's aunt was a bitch, everyone knew that. She treated Peter like a 6 year old, making him come home for dinner, making sure he was inside at night. I think she's part of the reason why he's fucked up, in fact, I'm almost sure of it. When I bring it up all he says is, “Dude, you have no idea...”
	I ask Peter what happened. He gets up, pacing, running a hand through his wild hair.
	“I get home, and there are boxes in my room. She gives me this smartass smirk that she's done my whole fucking life and just says, 'Be packed by next week. We're moving.'”
	He's reliving the moment as he explains it. I've never seen him this mad. I don't know what to say.
	“Fuck, dude.”
	“I'm losing it Tony, I'm really. Fucking. losing it.” He slams his hands on the wooden table as he says it.
	I keep trying to calm him down, but the brewing rage inside of him just keeps a continuous boil. I tell him maybe he could live with me for a while, to which his face turns blank. His rage turns to fear.
	“Do you know what she would do to me?”
	You're right, I don't...What the fuck happens at Peter's when no one is around?
	 I tell him to get in the car, and I drive off. I pick up Dennis, and we head to the shooting range.  Peter shot consistent bulls-eyes that night. That was one of the last memories I have of him, until he was gone.
	Dennis and I stayed close throughout our college years. We went to NYU together, were in the same frat, and lived together the whole four years. We tried to keep in touch with Peter as much as possible, but it was rough. He moved from New Jersey to Minnesota, and was going to college, but I don't think he ever told me what he was going for. Apparently his aunt restricted how much he could talk to people, so he could never talk for long. We eventually fell out of contact, but I hope he was at least living at college and moved out. *That fucking bitch.*

title: Blood Red Part I (feedback appreciated)

question: Who is Ben Harper?

answer: A musician, but this isn't clear in the text.

question: Who, besides the narrator, was always the cop?

answer: Dennis.

question: Is Ben Harper "Peter"?

answer: The text doesn't clarify this.

question: What might lead a reader to believe Peter is Ben Harper?

answer: Ben Harper is never mentioned again and Peter takes the focus.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The author says they were friends with Ben Harper (who is famous) growing up. Then someone named Peter is the central point of the story. After Peter's parents died, he has to live with his aunt, who is a control freak. They also went to NYU together.


text:
Mark Hand married Mary Marks, beget Job Hand, and was haunted by the financial meekness of his youth. Mark's father, Les Hand, possessed less fiscal solvency than a pack of deer, the herd having at least one buck. Young Mark swore he would not always live so meagerly and that when he grew up he would be an adept business man. In fact, one could argue that only once did he ever fail at a business endeavor.

A newly unteened and wed Mark bought at a great discount a large section of land in southeastern Pennsylvania from his dad's brother which had been his uncle's legume farm. So that is to say Mark bought his relative's peanuts for relative peanuts. Shortly after this acquisition the Pennsylvania state government came around wishing to buy the land with a more than generous offer. Mark devised a clever strategy where in he would sell them the land save one acre, the land his house was on. He drew up the legal document and the government unwittingly signed it. When state officials realized what had happened he offered to sell them both plots, the acre of land and the now trademarked scheme they had fallen for, at a laughably unreasonable sum. They declined opting to teach Mark a lesson instead. The government proceeded with their plans and built their facility that would encapsulate the Hand homestead. And this is how it came to pass that Job Hand was born inside a high-security prison.

Job was born at this house on a Monday. He should have been born on a Sunday, but his mother, a very religious woman, refused to labor on the Sabbath. Job would spend the first 18 years of his life on that one acre of land comparable to a manslaughter rap without release for good behavior. Job though was a very well-behaved kid. This was owing to the caring, teaching, and ministering from his Bible thumping mother. Mary Hand instilled in her son the belief in a vengeful God. She told and retold the stories of God's wrath. The fear of God would be strong in Job.

Often Job would find himself staring past the beautiful white picket fence as well as the electrified chain-linked fence into the yard of the prison. The things he saw would make him grow to fear equally the punishments of man as well as the wrath of God.

Three days after his 18th birthday he left the walls of the prison for the first time. He was leaving for college. He left the state pen for Penn State, heading up state from "up state". The new environment would cause Job much anxiety. He worried constantly of the morality and legality of his every action. He would spend an entire night hoping that he had exited the crosswalk completely before the red "stop" hand had appeared. He only ventured from his dormitory for class and for books from the library. His roommate tried to loosen up the intense Job, but to little if not no avail. He would comment to his friends that Job had a virtually inaudible chortle almost as if he was afraid that God would hear him laughing.

Job studied theology as his mother wished. She hoped her son would become a fire and brimstone preacher. He also studied business as his father sternly advised. His father wanting his son's bank account not to be like a male kangaroo's toilet that is to say containing jack shit. Oh, how the Hand family loved their animal analogies.

Despite Job's anxiety, his studies moved along quite swimmingly and was well on his way to fulfilling his parents' wishes for him. That is until his last semester before graduation. A professor would open his eyes to a new idea: forgiveness.

It was Father John who entreated his students to remember that not one of us is perfect and the corollary that we would all make mistakes. He taught that God allowed into his fold those who had sinned yet asked for forgiveness. This wasn't a radically new idea to Job he had read it in the Bible, but he had never heard it preached by an authority figure who possessed a scientifically provable corporeal body. Job would become quite smitten with this new God that did more than just smiting. Job became more relaxed. The intensity of his fears diminished. He felt free. He began to take this new found freedom out onto the campus. He began convorting with his fellow matriculaters. Drinking and sex would enter his life. For this is how freedom manifests itself on college campuses. Eventually, Job would become free of all fear. Where freedom once caused Job so much anxiety it was now an addicting adrenaline rush. Drinking and drugs enhanced that feeling. It was under these stimulants that Job would hurt one of his fellow students. Not mortally, but severe enough for Job's freedom to be taken away from him.
He was sentenced to 18 months and would be sent back to his old state pen. Not all the way back within the walls of his childhood home, but confined nevertheless by the concrete walls of the prison.

At first Job thought he was being punished by a vengeful God, enraged that Job had lost the true way that he walked during his youth. He would come to fear God again. He got down on his knees and was ready to renew his fearful life when a thought came to him. Would it matter if I did this if God was just a vengeful God? If He was only this would not His back always be turned to me? For I did forsake Him. Even though I have sinned and done evil the fact that I am still here is proof that God still wants me to do good. This means that God must be a loving and forgiving God. Maybe, it is not that I should fear Him and fear making mistakes. Fear even the freedom I have to do so. Maybe, it is that I am to be responsible and accountable for my actions. That is what I was sent here to learn. Something so very simple yet hard. For Job, fear and self pity were so much easier than freedom and responsibility.

Job was released and walked for the second time out the gates of prison. His incarceration over, but his conviction just beginning. He had learned in 18 months what he hadn't in 18 years. He took with him his remodeled desire to do good and his new found responsibility, and lived a very good life indeed.

title: State Pen

question: Where does Job grow up?

answer: A prison.

question: Why does Job grow up in a prison?

answer: His father played a trick on the government and sold all his land except the house, and they built the prison around it.

question: Where does Job go to school?

answer: Penn State

question: Why does Job go back to prison?

answer: He learns about forgiveness, loosens up and begins to drink, and hurts a fellow student.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Job grows up in a prison because his father sold almost all his land to the government and they built a prison around his home. He attends Penn State for college and is at first anxious about everything, but loosens up once he meets Father John. When he loosens up and starts drinking he accidentally hurts someone else and is sentenced to eighteen years in the same prison he grew up in. When he leaves he resolves to be a better man.


text:
For those who want to get rich off of politics, the surest racket is to become the media buyer for a major campaign. For the underwhelming task of actually buying television airtime and print space, one receives a huge commission of 15%. If a campaign spends ten million bucks on television advertising, the buyer gets a million and a half.

For the Bernie Sanders campaign, which raised over $90 million, who received this generous bounty? In the VTDigger, a CPA named Don Kellan looked into the question. (hat tip: Clarice Feldman)

  If there is anyone reading this column who might have donated $5, $10 or $25 to the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, you may want to take note of what goes on at a house at 4507 Penwood Drive, Alexandria, Virginia.

  The 1988 vintage, 2,700-square-foot, $550,000 house, located on a cul-de-sac in a subdivision just off a major highway, is also the legal address for a media company that was created on April 8, 2014, Old Towne Media LLC. It is not clear as to who actually owns Old Towne Media LLC, but what is clear is that it is located in Shelli Hutton-Hartig’s home. Working out of the home alongside Hutton-Hartig is Barbara Abar Bougie. Both are very close friends of Jane O’Meara Sanders. Collectively, they were responsible for close to $90 million in revenue that came to the company from the Sanders presidential campaign.

  In essence, it was the job of Hutton-Hartig and Bougie, acting through Old Towne Media LLC to redistribute a substantial portion of the $90 million plus to newspapers, TV/radio stations, and Internet outlets. The money was to pay for the promotion of the Vermont senator’s presidential campaign message. The key words here are “substantial portion.”

  According to recent reports and reports as far back as April of this year in VTDigger, The Washington Post and Slate Magazine, “substantial portion” amounts to approximately $76.5 million or about 85 percent of the funds transferred to Old Towne Media LLC. It is generally accepted that the company placing the ads retains 15 percent as a commission.

So who owns Old Towne media? Nobody knows.

Hmm.

This raises an awkward question:

  …why did his campaign officials feel that it was necessary to place the funds with a company, not two years in business, with no employees, working out of a private residence in Alexandria, Virginia? According to the 2016/17 Vermont Business Directory, there are 62 long-established advertising/media firms in Vermont. Were any of them given an opportunity to do the ad placements? Also, did his campaign use Vermont banks for the depositories of nearly a quarter of a billion dollars in campaign contributions?

There must be a motive to go out on a limb with an inexperienced company. Maybe the owner has some relationship with the two employees? As Jane Sanders does….

Kellan is also concerned about the balance of the funds leftover from the campaign (90 million minus the 76.5 million spent with OTM):

  Another question is who will be the recipients of the millions of dollars of commissions still left in the company now that the campaign has come to an end? Legally, the balance does not have to be returned to the campaign’s accounts in that it has been earned by Old Towne Media LLC.

So, does Jane Sanders own Old Towne Media? If she does, that would explain how Bernie and Jane were able to spend more than their reported net worth on a third home.

With socialist leaders, you can’t be cynical enough.

For those who want to get rich off of politics, the surest racket is to become the media buyer for a major campaign. For the underwhelming task of actually buying television airtime and print space, one receives a huge commission of 15%. If a campaign spends ten million bucks on television advertising, the buyer gets a million and a half.

For the Bernie Sanders campaign, which raised over $90 million, who received this generous bounty? In the VTDigger, a CPA named Don Kellan looked into the question. (hat tip: Clarice Feldman)

  If there is anyone reading this column who might have donated $5, $10 or $25 to the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, you may want to take note of what goes on at a house at 4507 Penwood Drive, Alexandria, Virginia.

  The 1988 vintage, 2,700-square-foot, $550,000 house, located on a cul-de-sac in a subdivision just off a major highway, is also the legal address for a media company that was created on April 8, 2014, Old Towne Media LLC. It is not clear as to who actually owns Old Towne Media LLC, but what is clear is that it is located in Shelli Hutton-Hartig’s home. Working out of the home alongside Hutton-Hartig is Barbara Abar Bougie. Both are very close friends of Jane O’Meara Sanders. Collectively, they were responsible for close to $90 million in revenue that came to the company from the Sanders presidential campaign.

  In essence, it was the job of Hutton-Hartig and Bougie, acting through Old Towne Media LLC to redistribute a substantial portion of the $90 million plus to newspapers, TV/radio stations, and Internet outlets. The money was to pay for the promotion of the Vermont senator’s presidential campaign message. The key words here are “substantial portion.”

  According to recent reports and reports as far back as April of this year in VTDigger, The Washington Post and Slate Magazine, “substantial portion” amounts to approximately $76.5 million or about 85 percent of the funds transferred to Old Towne Media LLC. It is generally accepted that the company placing the ads retains 15 percent as a commission.

So who owns Old Towne media? Nobody knows.

Hmm.

This raises an awkward question:

  …why did his campaign officials feel that it was necessary to place the funds with a company, not two years in business, with no employees, working out of a private residence in Alexandria, Virginia? According to the 2016/17 Vermont Business Directory, there are 62 long-established advertising/media firms in Vermont. Were any of them given an opportunity to do the ad placements? Also, did his campaign use Vermont banks for the depositories of nearly a quarter of a billion dollars in campaign contributions?

There must be a motive to go out on a limb with an inexperienced company. Maybe the owner has some relationship with the two employees? As Jane Sanders does….

Kellan is also concerned about the balance of the funds leftover from the campaign (90 million minus the 76.5 million spent with OTM):

  Another question is who will be the recipients of the millions of dollars of commissions still left in the company now that the campaign has come to an end? Legally, the balance does not have to be returned to the campaign’s accounts in that it has been earned by Old Towne Media LLC.

So, does Jane Sanders own Old Towne Media? If she does, that would explain how Bernie and Jane were able to spend more than their reported net worth on a third home.

With socialist leaders, you can’t be cynical enough.

question: How much commission does a media buyer take?

answer: 15%.

question: How much money from the Bernie Sanders campaign went to advertising?

answer: $90 million.

question: Where is the company Old Towne Media LLC located?

answer: Alexandria, Virginia.

question: How much money did Old Towne Media distribute to newspapers?

answer: $76.5 million.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about the media booker for the Bernie Sanders campaign, Old Towne Media. The author remarks that no one knows who the owner of the company is, and while one cannot be sure it is a conflict of interest, the author ends by saying "with socialist leaders, you can't be cynical enough."


text:
I'm an odd memory in most minds.  Like a harrowing communal conscience of migratory birds or a sea breeze that took a train to the prairies and is seen walking along the street.  I suppose I'm a sort of stationary, a figment used to paint a portrait of understanding but this is really strange since I am not at all like a brush or ladle or roller or whatever would make sense to paint something.  I've been a transient congested throat in days gone by.  I swam from seashores to deep blue waters and sailed away.  All in all I think I've had things pretty good up until now.  But right now I feel like a bag of squeezed lemons left to rot, like I've gone through a garlic press alongside the garlic, I feel like I can't even like this situation and I really wanted to like it.

Let me clarify.

I believe in god about as much as I believe in myself.  If you get to know me you'll find I don't believe in myself that much.  But if you get to know me better you'd know that I've met him.  I'm not saying him in that god is male it's just that calling him *it* seems strange and it's a default.  With that in mind it was a day just like today with me on a stage but I was in the middle of a wheat field and opera singers dressed as vikings were scattered around looking for cues, lines and presumably marbles in the dirt.  It hit me that I shouldn't be there, I was supposed to be somewhere else but I felt if I left now to I would likely be eaten or worse, stood on, read then knocked around by the vikings.

It was at this point that god pulled up in a brand new jeep made out of a thunderstorm and waved his arms in a motion that very distinctly triggered a perhaps unbelievable but entirely real sense that he was god and I should get on his thunderstorm-jeep-of-love to ride away to eternal safety and abundance.  So I hopped up onto the cloud and into the passenger seat.  He looked at me in a way only god could with eyes as deep as artesian wells, with a sort of sisyphean tenure gained only after watching over everything for ten times eternity and then started speaking with a very plain voice.

"Would you like to take the wheel?" he asked and I didn't really want to but this was sort of troubling because.... why would anyone turn down an offer from god and he said "It's alright, with the exception of your neighbor nobody has actually wanted to drive the thunderstorm the first time meeting me.  In general it is an odd question to ask, isn't it?"

I smiled politely.

Then he said "Alright here's the deal.  You get three questions answered.  Anything in the realm of conceivable knowledge of the infinity that is me.  Three of them.  Just ask whenever and I'll answer but when I answer the last one you will die."

"What!? Why?" I blurted out of shock as he looked at me.  I looked right back at those constellations within constellations within a walmart parking lot folded over into itself and back out towards the sunrise.

I smiled realizing the game was ruined and asked "Are you serious?"

Then he laughed, we drove a short while in silence and he dropped me off a block away from home still a little agitated by his interactions with my neighbor the week before.

"You can't screw this up by just asking silly off the top of your mind questions.  Here is my email address.  Send your questions there and I'll have an answer for you written out within a day or two." god said as plainly as before from inside his thunderstorm with the window rolled down while gesturing blindly in the air to make a point or sign what he was saying but it was entirely lost on me.  He could tell by my glazed look it was time to go so he simply said "Get a job" and drove off.

So now.  Slightly but not entirely glazed in circumstance I am struggling with this interaction.  I can know anything in the universe via email at the cost of my life.  I don't really have a desire to acquire knowledge or a need for something like this... so here I am a bag of lemons staring off at the sky like it is staring back in part of that endless crashing gaze of god wondering what the hell I should do with myself.  Aside from getting a job.

title: I've been writing a lot of poetry for a while but then I started reading Richard Brautigan and his stuff made me want to try short stories.  Here is my attempt at something weird and relatively short.

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: Not much is known about him, he's only really defined by this visit from God.

question: How does the narrator meet God?

answer: God pulls up in a Jeep made of a thunderstorm when the narrator wants an excuse to leave the event he's attending.

question: Describe God.

answer: He is assigned male pronouns by the narrator, has "eyes as deep as artesian wells", and speaks "with a very plain voice."

question: What does the narrator ask God?

answer: The first questions are a startled, "What!? Why?" and the actual questions he has the opportunity to ask are undecided.

question: Which religion's version of God is presented here?

answer: It's not stated.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Seemingly randomly, God pulls up in a Jeep made of a thunderstorm when the narrator wants an excuse to leave the event he's attending, and offers the narrator the opportunity to have three questions answered on the condition that the narrator dies after asking the final question. God gives the narrator an email address to send the questions, and the narrator feels lost knowing the secrets of the universe could be within reach.


text:
TL;DR monkey poo makes great pudding.

In the mid 1950s the New York philharmonic was one of the best Symphony Orchestras in the world. And conducting was Major Jorge Fillmore. George Fillmore was a WWII vet who loved music, and found that conducting helped him keep his PTSD at a minimum (although PTSD had yet to be understood by the medical community, let alone given a name). The flow of the notes soothed his soul and the power of conducting such a large group to produce something so beautiful reminded him of his time commanding his troops through the dangers of war.

On a cold December night, the New York Philharmonic was warming up for their Christmas performance. The upper class from all around poured into Carnegie Hall and greeted one another. Conductor Fillmore got ready in the back room and the orchestra was out on stage, behind the curtain, getting ready to play, and practicing their most difficult runs.

Then when the time came and everyone was seated, the first chair violinist came on stage to much applause. He tuned the orchestra and then out came Major George Fillmore, his coat tails flowing behind him like curtains in the brease, as he walked briskly to the podium. He turned and bowed deeply to the audience and then addressed the orchestra and motioned to start the first piece. The audience well acquainted with these pieces sat quietly, enjoying the soft notes of Mozart as they floated through the hall.

But as quickly as everyone had relaxed to the music, they were pulled from their stuppor by a loud gunshot. Then screaming. The orchestra all scrambled for the exits, trying to keep their instruments safe. As the smoke settled and everyone calmed down, they found a dead French horn player, and the smoking gun in the hand of none other than Major George Fillmore. The French horn player had flubbed a note in his solo and Major Fillmore had snapped and shot him.

Major Fillmore claimed that he thought the player was wearing something that resembled a swastika and had triggered a flash back and caused him to shoot the player. But the orchestra knew that he had been yelling at that particular horn player for several weeks when he had been unable to play the solo properly. In the following weeks, a large and publicized trial was held. Fillmore was stripped of his rank and sentenced to death by electric chair.

Following the trial, George was held in prison for several years as he tried to appeal and at least lessen his sentence but unfortunately after lots of trying, the day came that he was to be killed. As a kindness to those about to die, the prison allowed the prisoners to request anything to eat, within reason. As it was this time for George, they asked him what he would like for his last meal.

"well," said George, "I like bananas... So I guess I guess I would love a bunch of bananas."
So they brought him a bunch of bananas. And within an hour he had eaten every single banana in the bunch, and with that, he was lead to the chair. They strapped him in and connected all the leads, and after saying his final farewells, they threw the switch. The first pulse of electricity was used to kill the brain and make the victim unconscious. Then a second pulse is used to cause the internal organs to fail. However, George was barely phased by the first pulse, and then started to convulse slowly during the second phase. Then everything fell quiet.

"Was that it?" asked George.

"Umm.. That's a first." said one of the scientists that had helped develop the chair.

They decided to put George back in prison while they made a few modifications to the chair. They decided to pull more power from the grid and just pump more juice to the chair. Hopefully this would at least kill him, but it could be more painful. Once the modifications had been made, they brought George back.

The prison warden had some pity for him, so he allowed him to have a second last meal. When asked what he wanted to eat, George said that he loved the bananas he had had before, this time he would like two bunches of bananas.

Sure enough within the hour, George had eaten both bunches of bananas, and was lead right back to that chair. They strapped him in again and threw the switch. When the first pulse hit him he clearly went unconscious, and all the lights in the surrounding city block dimmed noticably. And then during the second pulse, the current and voltage was so strong that lightning covered most of his torso, arcing from the helmet to the back plate to his arm rests.

When the pulse was over, they pulled him from the chair and laid him on a gurney and they rolled him down the hallway toward the morgue. As they reached the morgue, suddenly George sat upright. He looked around and let loose a howling scream that was unlike any sound the doctors had ever heard. He then fell back to the gurney but kept breathing.

Several hours later, he woke up again and was perfectly fine. The scientists, puzzled, decided that they really needed to finish him off once and for all. They had the electricity from all the surrounding towns, re routed to the chair. There was more power going to this chair than the Las Vegas Strip. Sure that this time they would kill him, they brought him back from the hospital, and gave him what they were sure would actually be his last meal.

Again, curiously, he ordered bananas. But he ordered 3 bunches this time. And as with the last two times, he ate every single banana within an hour. They brought him in and strapped him in, and flipped the switch. This time lightning erupted from George and the chair, arcing across the room like a massive tesla coil. The man who flipped the switch, not realizing the danger, had been struck dead by the massive arcs and everyone else stood cowering in the viewing room waiting for it all to be over.

Once it was over, they carefully pulled him from the chair, his hair singed off and second and third degree burns all over his body. They carried him down to the morgue where they double checked that he was dead. But alas. His heart was still beating. The scientists, determined to find out how he had survived, asked that he be nursed back to health so that they could ask him how he had survived.

After several months, George Fillmore came out of his coma, and the scientists all gathered around and asked him,

"How did you survive the chair three times?!"

"well," said George, "I guess I'm just a bad conductor."

title: The deadly Symphony (x - post from /r/feghoot)

question: Who conducted the New York Philharmonic in the 50s?

answer: George Fillmore.

question: Why was it assumed that Fillmore shot the French horn player?

answer: The smoking gun was in Fillmore's hand.

question: How many times did George request bananas?

answer: Three times.

question: Why is it funny that George said he's a bad conductor?

answer: "Conductor" can refer to his orchestra position and it can also refer to conducting electricity.

question: What makes this story surprising?

answer: It seems like George's lack of conducting the electricity will have to with his consumption of bananas, but that seemingly is not the case.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: George Fillmore was the conductor of the New York Philharmonic. One evening, a horn player is shot and George is holding the smoking gun. Sentenced to death, George requests bananas for his last meal. Every time he eats all the bananas, but the electrical current fails to kill him. After the third attempt, when his executors ask him why he won't die, he responds that he guesses he's just a bad conductor.


text:
STEIN OLAV BJORTOMT (born 13 December 1978 in Eastbourne) is an English international quiz player, four-time world champion (2003, 2015, 2018, 2019) and three time individual European champion (2010, 2014, 2015). He is the star player of the world's most successful quizzing clubs, Broken Hearts, with which he has won several European championships. He writes questions for _University Challenge_ and _The Chase_.[1][2]

In contrast to the other two full-time professionals of Team England Pat Gibson and Kevin Ashman he has not done as well both in domestic competitions, with only a second place in the individual British championships 2007 to his credit (though he has won the pairs competition) and as a TV candidate, a second place in the _Fifteen to One_ series of 2002 being his best result. He is of Norwegian and Filipino descent.

National and international titles

He was the winner of the inaugural 2003 individual World Quizzing Championships,[3] when it was a fledgling event with then only 45 participants (now in the thousands) but won a second title in 2015. In 2009 he won three out of four possible European titles and was runner-up behind Kevin Ashman in the singles to become the most successful participant.

_Time Out_ described him in 2006 as a “former child quiz prodigy and a rising star of the quiz world”.[4]

After his triumph at the very first World Quizzing Championship 2003 he did not win a medal at the world stage for twelve years, but always was Top 10. His absence at Ghent in 2004 (when England won the first European Championship) meant he was not selected for the national team until 2006. He should have played in 2007 but travel problems delayed his arrival at the event. Consequently, he has only latterly become a regular in the star-studded English national team (Ashman, Mark Bytheway and Pat Gibson). He is also part of the _Broken Hearts_ ( with Ian Bayley, formerly David Stainer, replaced by Didier Bruyere and Mark Grant) quiz team which play in the QLL and have been European Club champions from 2007 to 2009. Bjortomt won the Pairs Championships with partner Stainer in 2009 and has won 21 international medals on aggregate (see medal table). He also holds the title “British Quizzing Grandmaster”.

TV appearances

Bjortomt's success on TV has been rather moderate compared with that of his teammates in the national team, and he describes himself as a “choker” (see Q&A link).

He appeared on the quiz show _Fifteen to One_ four times, finishing as a series runner-up in 2002.

He captained the University of Nottingham team to the quarter-finals in the 1999/2000 series of BBC's _University Challenge_, and according to the credits of the show as of 2012, is currently a question setter. When he appeared on the Channel 4 quiz show _Grand Slam_ in 2003, commentator James Richardson described him as the “Wayne Rooney of the quiz world.”

In 2007, Bjortomt competed in _The National Lottery People's Quiz_ and was the first contestant to qualify for the grand final, answering 97 per cent of his questions correctly during the show.

In 2008, he appeared in the quiz programme _Battle of the Brains_.

On 10 October 2008 he appeared on _Mastermind_, scoring eight points on questions about West Indies Test cricket, and fourteen in the General Knowledge section, to finish in second place.[5]

In 2008 and 2009 he unsuccessfully competed in _Are You an Egghead?_, which attempts to find another player to join the existing team.

Book

-   National Quiz Team: The Only Quiz Book You Will Ever Need (co author)

Personal details

In 2001 Bjortomt was the winner of _The Guardian_'s Student Feature writer of the Year award.[6] He has a History degree from the University of Nottingham and a Postgraduate Diploma in Newspaper Journalism from Nottingham Trent University.[7] He worked for _The Times_ newspaper in London and has set the weekday Times2 quiz since July 2005 to the present day along with The Times Saturday quiz.

His parents are Norwegian and Filipino. He has two younger sisters and a younger brother.[8]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] {{ cite web | url = http://www.timeout.com/london/features/304/Pub_games-the_quiz.html | title = Pub games: the quiz | last = Rutter | first = Alan | date = 9 May 2006 | accessdate = 7 November 2008}}

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Olav Bjortomt

question: What might have happened differently if Bjortomt was present at Ghent in 2004?

answer: He might have been selected for the national team earlier.

question: Why did Time Out describe him as a "former" child quiz prodigy in 2006?

answer: Because by 2006, he would have been 27-28 years okld and no longer a child.


text:
[Raymond “Cheval” Lallemant, pictured in July 1944] This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Belgium. For other countries, see: List of World War II aces by country.

B

  Name                           Kills   Awards   Notes
  ------------------------------ ------- -------- ---------------------
  Balasse, Maurice Arthur Leon   8                KIA 23 January 1945
  Boussa, Lucien Adolphe         7

D

  Name                           Kills   Awards   Notes
  ------------------------------ ------- -------- -------------------
  Detal, Charles Firmin Joseph   7                KIA 23 March 1944

H

  Name                                                 Kills   Awards   Notes
  ---------------------------------------------------- ------- -------- -----------------------
  de Hemricourt de Grunne, Rodolphe Ghislain Charles                    ♣ KIA 25 May 1941 [1]

L

  Name                                      Kills                      Awards         Notes
  ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------- -------
  Lallemant, Raymond/Ramond A “Cheval”      6                          DFC & bar
  Le Roy du Vivier, Daniel Albert Raymond   5                                         ♣
  Van Lierde, Remi/Remy “Manu” “Mony”       50 (6 aircraft, 44 V1's)   DFC & 2 bars

M

  Name                                           Kills   Awards   Notes
  ---------------------------------------------- ------- -------- -------
  de Moulin, Charles Joseph V G                  5
  du Monceau de Bergandel, Yves Georges 'Miss'   8

O

  Name                                  Kills   Awards   Notes
  ------------------------------------- ------- -------- --------------------------------
  Offenberg, Jean Henri Marie “Pyker”   7       DFC      ♣ KIA 22 January 1942 [2]
  Ortmanns, Victor Marcel M “Vicky”     7                ♣ POW 1941, KIFA 8 August 1950

P

  Name                                  Kills   Awards   Notes
  ------------------------------------- ------- -------- ----------------------
  Philippart, Jacques Arthur Laurent    6                ♣ KIA 25 August 1940
  Plisnier, André Marie Alfred “Plis”   6

V

  Name                               Kills   Awards   Notes
  ---------------------------------- ------- -------- -----------------------
  Venesoen, François Auguste “Sus”   5       DFC      ♣ KIA 6 June 1944 [3]

[1]

[2] Lonely Warrior (Diary Of A Fighter Pilot) By Jean Offenberg

[3]

title: List of World War II aces from Belgium

question: How many confirmed aerial kills does it take to become an ace pilot?

answer: Five


text:
U.S. farmers are growing fewer types of crops than they were 34 years ago, which could have implications for how farms fare as changes to the climate evolve, according to a large-scale study by Kansas State University, North Dakota State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Less crop diversity may also be impacting the general ecosystem.

"At the national level, crop diversity declined over the period we analyzed," said Jonathan Aguilar, K-State water resources engineer and lead researcher on the study.

The scientists used data from the USDA's U.S. Census of Agriculture, which is published every five years from information provided by U.S. farmers. The team studied data from 1978 through 2012 across the country's contiguous states.

Croplands comprise about 408 million acres (165 million hectares) or 22 percent of the total land base in the lower 48 states, so changes in crop species diversity could have a substantial impact, not only on agroecosystem function, but also the function of surrounding natural and urban areas. Because croplands are typically replanted annually, theoretically crop species diversity can change fairly rapidly. There is the potential for swift positive change, unlike in natural ecosystems.

Aguilar began the study while working as a researcher with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. He joined K-State Research and Extension, a part of the university, in 2012. The study was conducted in collaboration with a diverse team, including rangelands expert John Hendrickson, USDA-ARS; weeds experts Greta Gramig, NDSU, and Frank Forcella, USDA-ARS; agricultural economics expert David Archer, USDA-ARS; and soils expert Mark Liebig, USDA-ARS.

"At the very simplistic level," Aguilar said, "crop diversity is a measure of how many crops in an area could possibly work together to resist, address and adjust to potential widespread crop failures, including natural problems such as pests and diseases, weed pressures, droughts and flood events. This could also be viewed as a way to spread potential risks to a producer. Just like in the natural landscape, areas with high diversity tend to be more resilient to external pressures than are areas with low diversity. In other words, diversity provides stability in an area to assure food sustainability."

The study is the first to quantify crop species diversity in the U.S. using an extensive database over a relatively long period of analysis, Aguilar said.

The results of the effort, partially funded by the K-State Open Access Fund, were published Aug. 26, 2015, in the scientific journal _PLOS One_.

In addition to the national trend, the researchers studied regional trends by examining county-level data from areas called Farm Resource Regions developed by the USDA's Economic Research Service. Although the study showed that crop diversity declined nationally, it wasn't uniform in all regions or in all states.

"There seem to be more dynamics going on in some regions or states," Aguilar said, noting that not all of the factors affecting those regional trends are clear.

For instance, the Heartland Resource Region, which is home to 22 percent of U.S. farms and represents the highest value, 23 percent, of U.S. production, had the lowest crop diversity. This region comprises Illinois, Iowa, Indiana and parts of Ohio, Missouri, Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kentucky.

In contrast to all of the other regions, the Mississippi Portal Region, which includes parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky and Arkansas, had significantly higher crop diversity in 2012 than in 1978.

While overall, the national trend was toward less crop diversity, the region called the Fruitful Rim (parts of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina) and the Northern Crescent (states along the northeast border from part of Minnesota east through Wisconsin, Michigan through to Maine and south to New Jersey and Pennsylvania) had the most crop diversity.

The data used was specific enough that the researchers were able to quantify crop diversity and trends even down to the county level.

"A significant trend of more counties shifting to lower rather than higher crop diversity was detected," the team wrote in the study results. "The clustering and shifting demonstrates a trend toward crop diversity loss and attendant homogenization of agricultural production systems, which could have far-reaching consequences for provision of ecosystem services associated with agricultural systems as well as food system sustainability. "

"Biodiversity is important to the ecosystem function," the researchers wrote. "Biodiversity in agricultural systems is linked to critical ecological processes such as nutrient and water cycling, pest and disease regulation, and degradation of toxic compounds such as pesticides. Diverse agroecosystems are more resilient to variable weather resulting from climate change and often hold the greatest potential for such benefits as natural pest control."

A classic example where high crop diversity could have been crucial was during the corn leaf blight epidemic in the 1970s, Aguilar said.

During the 20th century, increases in the value of human labor, changes in agricultural policies and the development of agricultural technologies led to increased specialization and scale of production. Economic and social factors helped drive the adoption of less-diverse cropping systems.

"An important consequence of increased crop homogeneity is the potential for yield instability with anticipated increased unpredictability in weather patterns linked to climate change. Diverse cropping systems tend to increase farmers' chances of encountering favorable conditions while decreasing the probability of widespread crop failures," the team wrote, citing a study based on long-term data collected in Ontario, Canada.

A simple example would be if a farmer planted part of his acreage to sorghum and the rest to corn. If the growing season was unusually dry and the farmer didn't irrigate, the sorghum would likely fare better, because it's more drought tolerant than corn. In that example, the farmer has come out better by having diverse crop species than if he had planted all of his acreage to corn, in which case he may have had low or non-existent yields.

In addition to quantifying the changes in crop diversity, Aguilar said, the scientists hoped to spur further studies and research with regard to changing agricultural condition and status.

"The factors that affect crop diversity in North Dakota do not necessarily apply to what is happening here in Kansas. This study also has relevance to other agronomic and environmental issues," he said, adding that the research has already generated inquiries from scientists who are studying weed resistance to herbicides, honeybee "friendliness" of the landscape and agricultural community resilience to pressures such as climate change.

question: What is the study about?

answer: How less crop diversity may be impacting the general ecosystem.

question: What is crop diversity?

answer: It is a measure of how many crops in an area could possibly work together to resist, address and adjust to potential widespread crop failures, including natural problems such as pests and diseases, weed pressures, droughts, and flood events.

question: What department is conducting the research?

answer: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, together with Kansas State University and North Dakota State University

question: What is the Heartland Resource Region?

answer: The region is home to 22 percent of U.S. farms and represents the highest value of U.S. production at 23 percent, but had the lowest crop diversity. This region comprises Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, and parts of Ohio, Missouri, Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kentucky.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Less crop diversity may be impacting the general ecosystem. Large-scale research from Kansas State University, North Dakota State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has shown that farmers are growing fewer crops than they were 34 years ago. Crop diversity is the measure of how many crops in an area could work together to resist and adjust to widespread crop failures, as well as pests, diseases, droughts, and other problems. Crop diversity data varies by region, with the Heartland Resource Region scoring the lowest, while the Fruitful Rim and North Crescent Regions had the most diversity.