text:
IBN ʿARABI () (26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240), full name Abū ʿAbd Allāh MUḤAMMAD IBN ʿALĪ IBN MUḤAMMAD IBNʿARABĪ AL-ḤĀTIMĪ AṬ-ṬĀʾĪ AL-ANDALUSI AL-MURSI AL-DIMASHQI (), nicknamed _al-Qushayri_ and _Sultan al-'Arifin_ was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, whose works have grown to be very influential beyond the Muslim world. Out of the 850 works attributed to him, some 700 are authentic while over 400 are still extant. His cosmological teachings became the dominant worldview in many parts of the Islamic world.[1][2]

He is renowned among practitioners of Sufism by the names al-Shaykh al-Akbar (“the Greatest Shaykh”; from here the Akbariyya or Akbarian school derives its name), Muḥyiddin ibn Arabi, and was considered a saint.[3][4] He was also known as Shaikh-e-Akbar Mohi-ud-Din Ibn-e-Arabi throughout the Middle East.[5]

Biography

'Abū 'Abdullāh Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn `Arabī al-Ḥātimī aṭ-Ṭāʾī () was a Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher born in Murcia, Spain on the 17th of Ramaḍān (26 July 1165 AD).[6]

Ibn Arabi was Sunni, although his writings on the Twelve Imams were also popularly received among Shia.[7] It is debated whether or not he ascribed to the Zahiri _madhab_ which was later merged with the Hanbali school.[8]

After his death, Ibn Arabi's teachings quickly spread throughout the Islamic world. His writings were not limited to the Muslim elites, but made their way into other ranks of society through the widespread reach of the Sufi orders. Arabi's work also popularly spread through works in Persian, Turkish, and Urdu. Many popular poets were trained in the Sufi orders and were inspired by Arabi's concepts.[9]

Others scholars in his time like al-Munawi, Ibn 'Imad al-Hanbali and al-Fayruzabadi all praised Ibn Arabi as ''A righteous friend of Allah and faithful scholar of knowledge'', ''the absolute mujtahid without doubt'' and ''the imam of the people of shari'a both in knowledge and in legacy, the educator of the people of the way in practice and in knowledge, and the shaykh of the shaykhs of the people of truth though spiritual experience (_dhawq_) and understanding''.[10]

Family

Ibn Arabi's paternal ancestry was from the Arabian tribe of Tayy,[11] and his maternal ancestry was North African Berber.[12] Al-Arabi writes of a deceased maternal uncle, Yahya ibn Yughan al-Sanhaji, a prince of Tlemcen, who abandoned wealth for an ascetic life after encountering a Sufi mystic.[13] His father, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad, served in the Army of Muhammad ibn Sa'id ibn Mardanish, the ruler of Murcia.[14] When Ibn Mardanīš died in 1172 AD, his father shifted allegiance to the Almohad Sultan, Abū Ya’qūb Yūsuf I, and returned to government service. His family then relocated from Murcia to Seville.[15] Ibn Arabi grew up at the ruling court and received military training.[16]

As a young man Ibn Arabi became secretary to the governor of Seville. He married Maryam from an influential family.[17]

Education

[Seville, where Ibn Arabi spent most of his life and education] Ibn Arabi writes that as a child he preferred playing with his friends to spending time on religious education. He had his first vision of God in his teens and later wrote of the experience as “the differentiation of the universal reality comprised by that look”. Later he had several more visions of Jesus and called him his “first guide to the path of God”. His father, on noticing a change in him, had mentioned this to philosopher and judge, Ibn Rushd (Averroes),[18] who asked to meet Ibn Arabi. Ibn Arabi said that from this first meeting, he had learned to perceive a distinction between formal knowledge of rational thought and the unveiling insights into the nature of things. He then adopted Sufism and dedicated his life to the spiritual path.[19] When he later moved to Fez, in Morocco, where Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi became his spiritual mentor.[20] In 1200 he took final leave from his master Yūsuf al-Kūmī, then living in the town of Salé.

Pilgrimage to Mecca

[Opening pages of the Konya manuscript of the _Meccan Revelations_, handwritten by Ibn Arabi.] Ibn Arabi left Spain for the first time at age 36 and arrived at Tunis in 1193.[21] While there, he received a vision in year 1200 instructing him to journey east. After a year in Tunisia, he returned to Andalusia in 1194. His father died soon after Ibn Arabi arrived at Seville. When his mother died some months later he left Spain for the second time and travelled with his two sisters to Fez, Morocco in 1195. He returned to Córdoba, Spain in 1198, and left Spain crossing from Gibraltar for the last time in 1200.[22] After visiting some places in Maghreb, he left Tunisia in 1201 and arrived for the Hajj in 1202.[23] He lived in Mecca for three years,[24] and there began writing his work _Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya_ ()'The Meccan Illuminations'.

Journeys north

[Medieval list of Ibn Arabi's books.] After spending time in Mecca, he traveled throughout Syria, Palestine, Iraq and Anatolia.[25]

In 1204, Ibn Arabi met Shaykh Majduddīn Isḥāq ibn Yūsuf (شيخ مجد الدين إسحاق بن يوسف), a native of Malatya and a man of great standing at the Seljuk court. This time Ibn Arabi was travelling north; first they visited Medina and in 1205 they entered Baghdad. This visit offered him a chance to meet the direct disciples of Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qādir Jīlānī. Ibn Arabi stayed there only for 12 days because he wanted to visit Mosul to see his friend ‘Alī ibn ‘Abdallāh ibn Jāmi’, a disciple of the mystic Qaḍīb al-Bān (471-573 AH/1079-1177 AD; قضيب البان).[26] There he spent the month of Ramaḍan and composed _Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya_ (تنزلات الموصلية), _Kitāb al-Jalāl wa’l-Jamāl_ (كتاب الجلال والجمال, “The Book of Majesty and Beauty”) and _Kunh mā lā Budda lil-MurīdMinhu_.[27]

Return south

In the year 1206 Ibn Arabi visited Jerusalem, Mecca and Egypt. It was his first time that he passed through Syria, visiting Aleppo and Damascus.

Later in 1207 he returned to Mecca where he continued to study and write, spending his time with his friend Abū Shujā bin Rustem and family, including Niẓām.[28]

The next four to five years of Ibn Arabi's life were spent in these lands and he also kept travelling and holding the reading sessions of his works in his own presence.[29]

Death

[Ibn Arabi's tomb in Damascus] On 22 Rabī‘ al-Thānī 638 AH (8 November 1240) at the age of seventy-five, Ibn Arabi died in Damascus.[30]

Islamic law

Although Ibn Arabi stated on more than one occasion that he did not blindly follow any one of the schools of Islamic jurisprudence, he was responsible for copying and preserving books of the Zahirite or literalist school, to which there is fierce debate whether or not Ibn Arabi followed that school.[31][32] Ignaz Goldziher held that Ibn Arabi did in fact belong to the Zahirite or Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence.[33] Hamza Dudgeon claims that Addas, Chodkiewizc, Gril, Winkel and Al-Gorab mistakenly attribute to Ibn ʿArabī non-madhhabism.[34]

On an extant manuscript of Ibn Ḥazm, as transmitted by Ibn ʿArabī, Ibn ʿArabī gives an introduction to the work where he describes a vision he had:

Goldziher says, “The period between the sixth (hijri) and the seventh century seems also to have been the prime of the Ẓāhirite school in Andalusia.”[35]

Ibn Arabi did delve into specific details at times, and was known for his view that religiously binding consensus could only serve as a source of sacred law if it was the consensus of the first generation of Muslims who had witnessed revelation directly.[36]

Ibn Arabi also expounded on Sufi Allegories of the Sharia building upon previous work by Al-Ghazali and al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi.[37][38]

Al-Insān al-kāmil

The doctrine of perfect man (_Al-Insān al-Kāmil_) is popularly considered an honorific title attributed to Muhammad having its origins in Islamic mysticism, although the concept's origin is controversial and disputed.[39] Arabi may have first coined this term in referring to Adam as found in his work _Fusus al-hikam_, explained as an individual who binds himself with the Divine and creation.[40]

Taking an idea already common within Sufi culture, Ibn Arabi applied deep analysis and reflection on the concept of a perfect human and one's pursuit in fulfilling this goal. In developing his explanation of the perfect being, Ibn Arabi first discusses the issue of oneness through the metaphor of the mirror.[41]

In this philosophical metaphor, Ibn Arabi compares an object being reflected in countless mirrors to the relationship between God and his creatures. God's essence is seen in the existent human being, as God is the object and human beings the mirrors. Meaning two things; that since humans are mere reflections of God there can be no distinction or separation between the two and, without God the creatures would be non-existent. When an individual understands that there is no separation between human and God they begin on the path of ultimate oneness. The one who decides to walk in this oneness pursues the true reality and responds to God's longing to be known. The search within for this reality of oneness causes one to be reunited with God, as well as, improve self-consciousness.[42]

The perfect human, through this developed self-consciousness and self-realization, prompts divine self-manifestation. This causes the perfect human to be of both divine and earthly origin. Ibn Arabi metaphorically calls him an Isthmus. Being an Isthmus between heaven and Earth, the perfect human fulfills God's desire to be known. God's presence can be realized through him by others. Ibn Arabi expressed that through self manifestation one acquires divine knowledge, which he called the primordial spirit of Muhammad and all its perfection. Ibn Arabi details that the perfect human is of the cosmos to the divine and conveys the divine spirit to the cosmos.[43]

Ibn Arabi further explained the perfect man concept using at least twenty-two different descriptions and various aspects when considering the Logos.[44] He contemplated the Logos, or “Universal Man”, as a mediation between the individual human and the divine essence.[45]

Ibn Arabi believed Muhammad to be the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God.[46] Ibn Arabi regarded the first entity brought into existence was the reality or essence of Muhammad (_al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya_), master of all creatures, and a primary role-model for human beings to emulate. Ibn Arabi believed that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world, with the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believed that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad. He maintained that Muhammad was the best proof of God and, by knowing Muhammad, one knows God.[47]

Ibn Arabi also described Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and all other prophets and various _Awliya Allah_ (Muslim saints) as perfect men, but never tires of attributing lordship, inspirational source, and highest rank to Muhammad.[48][49] Ibn Arabi compares his own status as a perfect man as being but a single dimension to the comprehensive nature of Muhammad.[50] Ibn 'Arabi makes extraordinary assertions regarding his own spiritual rank, but qualifying this rather audacious correlation by asserting his “inherited” perfection is only a single dimension of the comprehensive perfection of Muhammad.[51]

Reaction

The reaction of Ibn 'Abd as-Salam, a Muslim scholar respected by both Ibn Arabi's supporters and detractors, has been of note due to disputes over whether he himself was a supporter or detractor. All parties have claimed to have transmitted Ibn 'Abd as-Salam's comments from his student Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, yet the two sides have transmitted very different accounts. Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Kathir all transmitted Ibn 'Abd as-Salam's comments as a criticism, while Fairuzabadi, Al-Suyuti, Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari and Yusuf an-Nabhani have all transmitted the comments as praise.[52]

Works

Some 800 works are attributed to Ibn Arabi, although only some have been authenticated. Recent research suggests that over 100 of his works have survived in manuscript form, although most printed versions have not yet been critically edited and include many errors.[53] A specialist of Ibn 'Arabi, William Chittick, referring to Osman Yahya's definitive bibliography of the Andalusian's works, says that, out of the 850 works attributed to him, some 700 are authentic while over 400 are still extant.[54]

-   _The Meccan Illuminations_ (_Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya_), his largest work in 37 volumes originally and published in 4 or 8 volumes in modern times, discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams/visions. It totals 560 chapters.[55] In modern editions it amounts to some 15 000 pages.[56]
-   _The Ringstones of Wisdom_ (also translated as _The Bezels of Wisdom_), or _Fusus al-Hikam_. Composed during the later period of Ibn 'Arabi's life, the work is sometimes considered his most important and can be characterized as a summary of his teachings and mystical beliefs. It deals with the role played by various prophets in divine revelation.[57][58][59] The attribution of this work (Fusus al-Hikam) to Ibn Arabi is debated and in at least one source[60] is described as a forgery and false attribution to him reasoning that there are 74 books in total attributed to Sheikh Ibn Arabi of which 56 have been mentioned in “Al Futuhat al-Makkiyya” and the rest mentioned in the other books cited therein. However many other scholars accept the work as genuine.[61][62]
-   The _Dīwān_, his collection of poetry spanning five volumes, mostly unedited. The printed versions available are based on only one volume of the original work.
-   _The Holy Spirit in the Counselling of the Soul_ (_Rūḥ al-quds_), a treatise on the soul which includes a summary of his experience from different spiritual masters in the Maghrib. Part of this has been translated as _Sufis of Andalusia_, reminiscences and spiritual anecdotes about many interesting people whom he met in al-Andalus.
-   _Contemplation of the Holy Mysteries_ (_Mashāhid al-Asrār_), probably his first major work, consisting of fourteen visions and dialogues with God.
-   _Divine Sayings_ (_Mishkāt al-Anwār_), an important collection made by Ibn 'Arabī of 101 hadīth qudsī
-   _The Book of Annihilation in Contemplation_ (_K. al-Fanā' fi'l-Mushāhada_), a short treatise on the meaning of mystical annihilation (_fana_).
-   _Devotional Prayers_ (_Awrād_), a widely read collection of fourteen prayers for each day and night of the week.
-   _Journey to the Lord of Power_ (_Risālat al-Anwār_), a detailed technical manual and roadmap for the “journey without distance”.
-   _The Book of God's Days_ (_Ayyām al-Sha'n_), a work on the nature of time and the different kinds of days experienced by gnostics
-   _The Fabulous Gryphon of the West_ (_'Unqā' Mughrib_), a book on the meaning of sainthood and its culmination in Jesus and the Mahdī
-   _The Universal Tree and the Four Birds_ (_al-Ittihād al-Kawnī_), a poetic book on the Complete Human and the four principles of existence
-   _Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection_ (_'al-Dawr al-A'lā_), a short prayer which is still widely used in the Muslim world
-   _The Interpreter of Desires_ (_Tarjumān al-Ashwāq_), a collection of nasībs which, in response to critics, Ibn Arabi republished with a commentary explaining the meaning of the poetic symbols.
-   _Divine Governance of the Human Kingdom_ (_At-Tadbidrat al-ilahiyyah fi islah al-mamlakat al-insaniyyah_).
-   _The Four Pillars of Spiritual Transformation_ (_Hilyat al-abdāl_) a short work on the essentials of the spiritual Path

The Meccan Illuminations (Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya)

According to Claude Addas, Ibn Arabi began writing _Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya_ after he arrived in Mecca in 1202. After almost thirty years, the first draft of _Futūḥāt_ was completed in December 1231 (629 AH), and Ibn Arabi bequeathed it to his son.[63] Two years before his death, Ibn ‘Arabī embarked on a second draft of the _Futūḥāt_ in 1238 (636 AH),[64] of which included a number of additions and deletions as compared with the previous draft, that contains 560 chapters. The second draft, which the most widely circulated and used, was bequeathed to his disciple, Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi. There are many scholars attempt to translate this book from Arabic into other languages, but there is no complete translation of _Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya_ to this day.

File:Ibn arabi judgement day.svg|Diagram of “Plain of Assembly”(_Ard al-Hashr)_ on the Day of Judgment, from autograph manuscript of _Futuhat al-Makkiyya_, ca. 1238 (photo: after _Futuhat al-Makkiyya_, Cairo edition, 1911). File:Levels of heaven.svg.png|Diagram of Jannat Futuhat al-Makkiyya, c. 1238 (photo: after Futuhat al-Makkiyya, Cairo edition, 1911). File:Ibn Arabi's Diagram.png|Diagram showing world, heaven, hell and barzakh Futuhat al-Makkiyya, c. 1238 (photo: after Futuhat al-Makkiyya, Cairo edition, 1911).

The Bezels of Wisdom (Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam)

Ibn al-Arabi's work _Fusus al-hikam_ interprets the teachings of twenty-eight prophets from Adam to Muhammad.[65]

There have been many commentaries on Ibn 'Arabī's _Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam_: Osman Yahya named more than 100 while Michel Chodkiewicz precises that “this list is far from exhaustive.”[66] The first one was _Kitab al-Fukūk_ written by Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qunawī who had studied the book with Ibn 'Arabī; the second by Qunawī's student, Mu'ayyad al-Dīn al-Jandi, which was the first line-by-line commentary; the third by Jandī's student, Dawūd al-Qaysarī, which became very influential in the Persian-speaking world. A recent English translation of Ibn 'Arabī's own summary of the _Fuṣūṣ, Naqsh al-Fuṣūṣ_ (The Imprint or Pattern of the Fusus) as well a commentary on this work by 'Abd al-Raḥmān Jāmī, _Naqd al-Nuṣūṣ fī Sharḥ Naqsh al-Fuṣūṣ_ (1459), by William Chittick was published in Volume 1 of the _Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society_ (1982).[67]

Critical editions and translations of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

The _Fuṣūṣ_ was first critically edited in Arabic by 'Afīfī (1946) that become the standard in scholarly works. Later in 2015, Ibn al-Arabi Foundation in Pakistan published the Urdu translation, including the new critical of Arabic edition.[68]

The first English translation was done in partial form by Angela Culme-Seymour[69] from the French translation of Titus Burckhardt as _Wisdom of the Prophets_ (1975),[70] and the first full translation was by Ralph Austin as _Bezels of Wisdom_ (1980).[71] There is also a complete French translation by Charles-Andre Gilis, entitled _Le livre des chatons des sagesses_ (1997). The only major commentary to have been translated into English so far is entitled _Ismail Hakki Bursevi's translation and commentary on Fusus al-hikam by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi_, translated from Ottoman Turkish by Bulent Rauf in 4 volumes (1985–1991).

In Urdu, the most widespread and authentic translation was made by Shams Ul Mufasireen Bahr-ul-uloom Hazrat (Muhammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqi Qadri -Hasrat), the former Dean and Professor of Theology of the Osmania University, Hyderabad. It is due to this reason that his translation is in the curriculum of Punjab University. Maulvi Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui has made an interpretive translation and explained the terms and grammar while clarifying the Shaikh's opinions. A new edition of the translation was published in 2014 with brief annotations throughout the book for the benefit of contemporary Urdu reader.[72]

Legacy

In fiction

In the Turkish television series _Diriliş: Ertuğrul_, Ibn Arabi was portrayed by Ozman Sirgood.[73]

[1] Ibrahim Kalin, Salim Ayduz _The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam, Band 1_ Oxford University Press 2014 p. 162

[2] Hamza Dudgeon “Ibn al-ʿArabī (Part 1): Biography,” YouTube video, 26:43, August 23 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-4qPHK9FAs

[3]

[4] Al-Suyuti, Tanbih al-Ghabi fi Tanzih Ibn ‘Arabi (p. 17-21)

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Chittick 2007, p. 2-3.

[10]

[11]  Muslim mystic|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-al-Arabi%7Cwebsite=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}

[12]

[13]

[14] Chittick 2007, p. 4.

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18] Chittick 2007, p. 5.

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22] Addas, Claude (2019), p.68-69

[23] Chittick 2007, p. 5

[24]

[25]

[26] Testament to Qaḍīb al-Bān's life exists in a manuscript at the University of Baghdad (no. 541).

[27]

[28]

[29] Islaahe Nafs ka AAiena e Haq

[30]

[31] Mohammed Rustom, Review of Michel Chodkiewicz's An Ocean without Shore

[32] Hamza Dudgeon, “The Counter-Current Movements of Andalusia and Ibn ʿArabī: Should Ibn ʿArabī be considered a Ẓāhirī?” 2018, Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society Vol. 64. https://www.academia.edu/36173562/The_Counter_Current_Movements_of_Andalusia_and_Ibn_%CA%BFArab%C4%AB_Should_Ibn_%CA%BFArab%C4%AB_be_considered_a_%E1%BA%92%C4%81hir%C4%AB

[33] Ignaz Goldziher, The Ẓāhirīs: Their Doctrine and Their History, ed. and trans. by Wolfgang Behn (Leiden: Brill, 1971), 169.

[34] Dudgeon, “The Counter-Current Movements of Andalusia and Ibn ʿArabī: Should Ibn ʿArabī be considered a Ẓāhirī?,” 104.

[35] Goldziher, The Ẓāhirīs, 170-171

[36] Chiragh Ali, The Proposed Political, Legal and Social Reforms. Taken from Modernist Islam 1840-1940: A Sourcebook, pg. 281. Edited by Charles Kurzman. New York City: Oxford University Press, 2002.

[37] Hamza Dudgeon, “The Revival of Sharia’s Allegories,” 2019 Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society Vol. 66. https://www.academia.edu/40585698/The_Revival_of_Sharia_s_Allegories

[38] Hamza Dudgeon, “History of Sufi Allegories أسرار الشريعة,” YouTube video, 34:20, May 23 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAWYHjBJe6k

[39] Chittick, William C. “Ebn al-‘Arabi Mohyi-al- Din Abu ‘Abd-Allah Mohammad Ta’I Hatemi.” Encyclopedia Iranica (1996): Web. 3 Apr 2011. <http://iranica.com/articles/ebn-al-arabi>

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46] Fitzpatrick and Walker 2014, p. 445

[47] Fitzpatrick and Walker 2014, p. 446

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52] Alexander D. Knysh, _Ibn 'Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam_, pg. 64. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.

[53]

[54] William C. Chittick, _Ibn 'Arabi: Heir to the Prophets_, Oneworld Publications (2012), p. 7

[55]

[56] Michel Chodkiewicz, introduction in _The Spiritual Writings of Amir 'Abd al-Kader_, SUNY Press (1995), p. 7

[57] Naqvi, S. Ali Raza, THE BEZELS OF WISDOM (Ibn al-'Arabī's Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam) by R.W.J. Austin (rev.), Islamic Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer 1984), pp. 146-150

[58] Chittick, William C. “The Disclosure of the Intervening Image: Ibn 'Arabî on Death”, Discourse 24.1 (2002), pp. 51-62

[59] Almond, Ian. “The Honesty of the Perplexed: Derrida and Ibn 'Arabi on 'Bewilderment'”, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 70, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp. 515-537

[60] Al Futuhat Al Makkiyya, Dar Sader, Beirut, Lebanon, Book 1, pg 7

[61] Chittick, William C. “The Disclosure of the Intervening Image: Ibn 'Arabi on Death” Discourse 24.1 (2002) 51-62

[62] Notes on Fusus ul Hikam, Reynold A. Nicholson, _Studies in Islamic Mysticism_

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66] Michel Chodkiewicz, _An Ocean Without Shore: Ibn Arabi, the Book, and the Law_, SUNY Press (1993), p. 59

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70] Culme-Seymour, A.(tr.)(1975),“The Wisdom of the Prophets”, Gloucestershire, U.K.:Beshara Publications

[71] Austin, R.W.J.(tr.)(1980),“Ibn Al'Arabi: The Bezels of Wisdom”, Mahwah, NJ: The Paulist Press,

[72] Fusus Al Hikam , Translated by Muhammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui, Annotated by Mohammed Abdul Ahad Siddiqui, 2014 Kitab Mahal, Darbar Market, Lahore, Online Version at guldustah.com

[73]

title: Ibn Arabi

question: How old is the first English translation of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam?

answer: It is 46 old.

question: How old is the first full English translation of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam?

answer: 'the first full translation was by Ralph Austin as _Bezels of Wisdom_ (1980)' implies that it is 41 years old.

question: Could people live without God's existence?

answer: They could not because humans are mere reflections of God.

question: Explain the analogy of mirrors.

answer: God's essence is seen in the existent human being, as God is the object and human beings the mirrors.


split: train

text:
HOW WOULD YOU FEEL IF YOUR FAVOURITE BRAND CALLED YOU BAE?

Personally, I cringe whenever someone I know dares utter the term – even if they’re doing it ironically.

For companies, words are a really useful weapon, and many have cottoned on to the fact that talking like a real person is far more engaging than using dry, corporate and jargon-filled language.

But when does conversational language go too far?

Can brands use colloquialisms and abbreviations? What about text-speak and swear words?

It’s a huge topic, so with just a few examples of brands getting it right and well and truly wrong, here are a few ways to ensure modern-day slang stays cool and definitely _not_ cringe.

Know your audience

Speaking like a 15-year-old might seem like a killer content marketing strategy, but it only works if the people you’re talking to are 15-years-old too.

It’s surprising just how many brands use slang even if it means alienating a large percentage of their existing audience.

Similarly, some companies seem to disregard the notion of audience at all, jumping on the bandwagon of a particular phrase or word – regardless of whether or not it makes much sense.

American delivery service Postmates – a company that enables people to get anything delivered within an hour – recently unleashed a billboard using the phrase “Postmates and chill”.

Though it might resonate with a select few, it’s easy to feel a little short-changed about this rather lazy attempt at reaching everyone’s favourite target market… ‘millennials’.

[]

On the other hand, a company like IHOP has proven far more successful in its use of slang.

By using Twitter – a platform much more aligned to young people – as well as ensuring a consistent and slightly tongue-in-cheek tone, it manages to stay on the right side of amusing.

  Is it worth it, let me work it. I put my fork down, flip it and reverse it. pic.twitter.com/5IoqsqoqUA

  — IHOP (@IHOP) October 8, 2014

Keep it current

The danger of slang is that it can become outdated within a very short period of time.

Fifteen years ago we were all obsessed with LOL-ing at chavs. Today, we can’t stop taking selfies with swag.

It’s difficult to know how long a word will be popular for, but one thing brands can gauge is whether or not an audience will be receptive to it.

If a slang word is too good to resist, and the audience is sure to lap it up, there’s no reason brands shouldn’t experiment.

Consider the platform

Language can sound very different depending on where it is used.

Including slang in a slogan or headline can sometimes feel too in-your-face, and for product or promotional purposes might appear shoehorned in.

One of the most popular places to use it is on Twitter. Of course, brands get it wrong far more than you might think.

Take Mountain Dew for example. Not only did it use ‘bae’ (*shudders*) – but it also happened to use it in the wrong context, including a poorly-judged ‘the’ before the acronym.

In case you didn’t know bae actually stands for ‘before anyone else’.

So essentially, Mountain Dew’s tweet made no sense whatsoever.

  Mountain Dew is the bae.

  — Mountain Dew® (@MountainDew) April 11, 2014

On the other hand, brands like O2 have demonstrated that Twitter is the one platform where slang can be a real success.

Back in 2012, one particularly savvy social media upstart decided to reply to a complaint using the same style of street speak as the customer.

Eventually going viral, this example just goes to show that, if used in the correct context, slang can be a useful way to really connect with an audience.

  @o2 jheeze so u man speak slang and dat r u a girl what ends u from. And naa ii didn’t what router

  — Genos (@Tunde24_7) October 9, 2012

Publish with caution

We’re used to hearing about brands inadvertently posting offensive content, but when it comes to social media, the odds of causing offense are even higher.

Not an example of slang per se, but hashtags demonstrate how terms from popular culture can often filter into our everyday vernacular.

DiGiorno Pizza recently landed itself in hot water when it jumped on the hashtag #whyistayed.

Originally created by victims of domestic violence, DiGiorno was clearly oblivious about the context when it posted this ill-advised tweet.

  Example of a brand using a trending topic without understanding the context #Advertising #SocialMedia #WhyIStayed pic.twitter.com/iTSmfaT6Xv

  — Scott Paul (@scottfpaul) September 9, 2014

As these examples show, slang is always going to be a tough tool to master.

For brands, the trick is knowing when it’s worth trying, and when it’s worth steering clear.

_TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC, CHECK OUT OUR ONLINE COPYWRITING COURSE._

question: What does the text say about conversational language?

answer: Companies or brands should be careful when using conversational language in their advertisements. Conversational language can sometimes go too far that it sounds almost unnatural.

question: What does the text say about knowing your audience?

answer: Knowing your target audience should be a priority when deciding on a marketing tactic. Using slang would alienate an older market. Jumping on bandwagon language would not make sense to a larger audience.

question: What does the text say about good advertisements?

answer: Good advertisements should market to their brand while still keeping it current. Every advertisement should be published with caution so that it does not sound offensive.

question: What does the text say about the publishing procedure?


text:
_THE EXPERIMENT:_ In this experiment were going make a Ham Radio Center Feed point Connector for a Dipole Antenna. Will use a readily available half inch PVC fittings to construct a strong light weight Dipole Center Feed Point Connector.

[ham-radio-center-feed-connector-for-dipole-antenna-pvc tee-in-tht-air]

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Part List
2. Prototype
3. Notes
4. Conclusion

------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART LIST:

1. One – 1/2″ PVC Tee Connector
2. Two – 1/2″ PVC Pipe Plug
3. Two – 3/4″ #8-32 Brass Screws
4. Two – #8 Brass Washers
5. Four – #8-32 Brass Nuts
6. Four – 1/4″ #6-32 Brass Screws
7. One – PL-259 Chassis Mounted Male Connector
8. Two – 2 1/2″ Piece #14 Wire
9. Two – Ring Terminals

[ham-radio-center-feed-point-connector-for-dipole-antenna-parts]
^Top

------------------------------------------------------------------------

PROTOTYPE:

Building the prototype:
1. Drill a 11/64 hole in the center of the 1/2″ PVC Pipe Plug.
2. Cut 1/2″ PVC Pipe Plug in half.
3. Using the 11/64″ drill route out a slot inside the 1/2″ plug (space for ring terminal wire)
4. Strip back 1/16″ of insulation of each end of 2″ #14 wire.
5. Solder Ring terminal connector to one end of 2″ #14 wire.
6. Bend the Ring terminal ring back 90 degrees opposite the wire.
7. Drill out the Ring terminal to 9/16″.
8. Screw the 3/4″ 8-32 brass screw into Ring terminal.
9. Insert 3/4″ 8-32 brass screw from into the center hole in the PVC Pipe Plug. *Note: Line the Ring terminal wire into the slot..
10. Screw a 8-32 brass nut/washer/nut on the 3/4″ 8-32 screw.
11. Slide PVC pip plugs into the PVC Tee ends, with the ring terminal positioned to the top of the PVC Tee.
12. Drill 7/64 hole on top/bottom of Tee 3/16 to 1/4 inch from the ends. _See Complete Dipole Center Tee Connector Photo_
13. Solder the other end of the 2″ #14 wire to the PL-259
14. Insert the PL-259 into the Tee connector.
15. Drill 7/64 hole on side of Tee connector to secure the PL-259 connector . _See Complete Dipole Center Tee Connector Photo_

Note: All drilled hole are smaller then the screw so that screw can cut treads into the PVC.

[ham-radio-center-feed-point-connector-for-dipole-antenna]

^Top

------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTES:

Connecting the antenna wire to the Dipole Center T Connector. Striped back 2″ of insulation of the #14 stranded wire fed that though a ring terminal, then placed a spade terminal on the end bent back the wire on the ring terminal and soldered both to the wire. Now connect the ring terminal to the screw on top of the PVC T and connect the spade terminal between the #8-32 nut and tighten nut snugly. Don’t forget to add the addition wire to the antenna wire length.

[ham-radio-center-feed-point-connector-for-dipole-antenna-connection]
^Top

------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONCLUSION:

PVC Tee connector make a very nice Center Feed Point Connector for Dipole Antennas.
^Top

question: Why is the author conducting this experiment?

answer: He is out to prove that a Ham Radio Center Feed point Connector for a Dipole Antenna can be made with readily available parts.

question: Why do the drilled holes need to be smaller than the screws?

answer: So that the screws can cut threads into the PVC.


text:
SCRANTON STATE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF was a residential school for the deaf established in 1880 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States. Its students ranged in age from 3 to 18. At the end of the 2008–09 school year, the school was turned over from state management to the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.[1] The new school was renamed Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children.

History

Reverend Jacob Koehler established the school in 1880.[2] In 1913, by authority of a state legislative act, the Commonwealth took control of the school renaming it the PENNSYLVANIA STATE ORAL SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. It was subsequently renamed the SCRANTON STATE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF in 1976.

Campus

Curriculum

Extracurricular activities

Scranton State School for the Deaf athletic teams, known as the Bears, compete in basketball, softball, cross country, soccer, and cheerleading in Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association and Eastern Schools for the Deaf Athletic Association competition.

Notable alumni

Former superintendents

Dr. Victor H. Galloway (1979-1981)

Dr. Dorothy S. Bambach (1988 - 2006)

-   Dr. Monita Hara (2007–2009)[3]

[1]

[2] Gannon, Jack. 1981. _Deaf Heritage–A Narrative History of Deaf America_, Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, p. 46-47 (PDF )(PDF )

[3]

title: Scranton State School for the Deaf

question: When was the school established?

answer: 1880

question: Where is the school?

answer: Scranton, Pennsylvania

question: What happened at the end of the 2008-09 school year?

answer: It was turned over to the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf and was renamed Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children

question: Who established the school?

answer: Reverend Jacob Koehler

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Scranton State School for the Deaf was a residential school for the deaf established in 1880 in Scranton, Pennsylvania by Reverend Jacob Koehler. At the end of the 2008-09 school year, the state turned the school over to the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, and the school was renamed Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children.


text:
_UREPUS_ is a genus of South American tangled nest spiders containing the single species, _UREPUS ROSSI_. It was first described by V. D. Roth in 1967,[1] and has only been found in Peru.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Urepus

question: What is Urepus?

answer: It is a genus of South American tangled nest spiders.

question: How many species does the genus contain?

answer: One.

question: Where are these spiders found?

answer: They are only found in Peru.

question: Who first described the spiders?

answer: V.D. Roth in 1967.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A Wikipedia page on Urepus - a genus of South American tangled nest spiders.


text:
The TURKEY NATIONAL WOMEN'S RUGBY UNION TEAM will represent Turkey at rugby union - however it has yet to play any recognised international matches

Rugby union in Turkey is administered by the Turkish Rugby Federation. At present, the Federation is not a member of the IRB and so, currently, any internationals it may play are unlikely to be widely recognised.

Şahin Kömürcü is the president of the Turkish Rugby Federation.

question: What has the Turkey women's national rugby union team not done yet?

answer: Play any recognized international matches.

question: Who organizes rugby union in Turkey?

answer: The Turkish Rugby Federation.

question: What is the IRB?

answer: The text does not say.

question: Who is the president of the Turkish Rugby Federation?

answer: Sahin Komurcu.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Turkey women's national rugby team will represent Turkey at rugby union despite not having played any recognised international matches.


text:
CODARTS UNIVERSITY FOR THE ARTS () is a Dutch vocational university in Rotterdam that teaches music, dance and circus. It was established in its present location in 2000.

History

Codarts can trace its origins to the Rotterdam Conservatorium voor Muziek (Rotterdam Conservatory of Music), popularly known as the Conservatorium Holthaus after its director, Jos Holthaus (1879-1943).[1] In 1886 the German violinist Willy Hess took up a professorship in the Rotterdam Conservatorium voor Muziek which he held for two years.[2]

In 1930 the alternative Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium (Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory) was founded with the composer Willem Pijper as director.[3] The Rotterdamse Dansschool (Rotterdam Dance School) was established in 1931 by Corrie Hartong as director and the German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher.[4] At first the dance school was part of the Conservatorium Holthaus.[5] In 1935 the dance school transferred to Pijper's conservatory. Hartong remained as director. She was to stay in this position until 1961, and continued to teach until 1967.[6]

World War II broke out in 1939 and the Netherlands were invaded in May 1940. On 14 May 1940 the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs. It was decided to merge Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building on Mathenesserlaan, where Holthaus had a branch. Soon they moved again to a big old house that had somehow been spared, totally surrounded by rubble, and managed to continue day classes and early evening classes before curfew throughout the remainder of the war. Until Holthaus died in 1943 the combined conservatory had two directors.[7]

The Rotterdamse Dansschool was renamed the Rotterdamse Dansacademie (Rotterdam Dance Academy) in 1954. In 1986 the Conservatory and Dance Academy became the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam (Rotterdam University of Music and Theatre).[8] The school moved into its present modern building next to the Doelen concert hall in 2000 under the name Codarts - hogeschool voor de kunsten (Codarts - University of the Arts).[9] The Circus arts program was launched in September 2006.[10]

Schools

[Codarts Big Band, conducted by Ilja Reijngoud, at the North Sea Jazz Festival, July 2008] Codarts has three divisions: the Rotterdam Conservatory, Rotterdam Dance Academy, and Rotterdam Circus Arts.[11]

The Rotterdam Conservatory is one of the largest conservatories in the Netherlands, with over 900 pupils. It offers courses through which students may obtain a bachelor's degree in any of several disciplines: Music Theater, Pop, Jazz, Composition/arranging, Music Production, Argentinean tango, Indian music, Flamenco, Latin/Latin jazz/Brazilian, Turkish music, Classical music, and Music in Education.[12] The school puts on public performances, at times using the adjacent De Doelen concert hall. Thus in April 2011 guest conductor Arie van Beek led the Codarts Orchestra and Codarts Chamber Choir in a performance in the Jurriaanse Hall.[13] In September 2011 the Codarts Ensemble performed a program that explored the boundary between classical music and jazz, with works by Stravinsky, Gershwin, Shostakovich, Antheil and Harvey.[14] The Codarts Ensemble played again at De Doelen in March 2012 with the Codarts Chamber Choir, performing a major work by Arthur Honegger. They were conducted by Wiecher Mandemaker.[15]

The Dance Academy teaches dancers and arranges for students to appear in performances and tours. Codarts helps students gain practical experience with internships with noted dance companies, and participates in student exchange programs with other European and American dance schools.[16] In May 2011 the Rotterdam Dance Academy performed at the Venice Biennale with a show called _Talent on the Move_. The program included works by established choreographers such as Jiří Kylián, Nacho Duato and Mauro Bigonzetti and by younger artists including graduates of the academy.[17]

The Circus Arts school began offering a bachelor's course in September 2006, training students for careers in contemporary and traditional circus, in variety shows and in local or street theater.[18] Circus students learn dance and drama as well as a wide range of circus techniques to prepare for a professional career.[19]

The Havo voor Muziek en Dans (High School for Music and Dance) provides a secondary school education in which music and dance are part of the daily curriculum. It is co-located in the Codarts building and Codarts teachers teach the music and dance classes.[20] [21] The school prepares students for higher music education, but graduates must still pass entrance examinations to continue at Codarts.[22] The high school was the subject of the 2007 documentary _De Droomfabriek_ (The Dream Factory) directed by Netty van Hoorn''.[23]

Building

[Codarts Rotterdam] The building abuts the 1966 De Doelen concert and conference building, home of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra.[24] It was built as part of an overall plan for an extension to De Doelen defined in 1993 by Jan Hoogstad. A new building site beside the Kruisplein was created by reducing the size of Karel Doormanstraat, and this was used for the Doelen extension and the Codarts building.[25] The building was developed by the architectural firm of Ector Hoogstad, and was completed in 2000. The plinth is mainly used for commercial purposes. The building is relatively high to accommodate all the demands of the school, and has a total floor space of . Visually, the Codarts building appears to reach over the end of the conference center.[26]

The building's steel skeleton supports a “box in box” design for the interior spaces, including several tall spaces with variable lighting. A long escalator connects the entrance lobby to the fifth floor. This is the main floor for Codarts, holding the restaurant, library and several performance rooms, and opening onto a terrace on the roof of the Doelen extension. Codarts occupies classrooms and offices below this floor. The conservatory is above it and the large dance studios are at the top of the building. The building is clad in brick to give an appearance consistent with nearby apartment buildings.[27]

Notable alumni

-   Ike Moriz, German-South African singer, composer and actor.
-   Willemijn Verkaik, Dutch theatre actress, best known for playing Elphaba from the musical Wicked in the Netherlands, Germany, New York and London.
-   Henk van der Vliet (1950), Dutch composer and flautist
-   San Holo, Dutch record producer and DJ.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

title: Codarts

question: Summarize the events that occurred during the 1940s.

answer: The Netherlands were invaded in May of 1940, and on May 14 of that year, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed in a bombing. Holthaus died in 1943.

question: Summarize the individuals who had key roles relating to Codarts.

answer: Jos Holthaus was the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. Willy Hess was a professor there for two years. Willem Pijper was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory and Corrie Hartong was the director of Rotterdam Dance School.

question: Summarize the building's different locations.

answer: When Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories merged, they occupied a building on Mathenesserlaan. They then moved to an old house that had survived the bombing. It is presently located in a building next to the Doelen concert hall.

question: Summarize the events of the 1970s relating to Codarts.


text:
CHRISTINE KO (born August 3, 1988)[1] is a Taiwanese-American actress, known for her role as Emma on the CBS sitcom _The Great Indoors_. Before her success in America, she had a brief career in Taiwan in the early 2010s.[2]

Biography

Ko was born in Chicago and grew up in both Taiwan and Atlanta. She is the daughter of legendary Taiwanese entertainer Frankie Kao.[3] Ko has discussed the issue of limited roles for Asian actors in the United States. Her role on _The Great Indoors_ was originally written for a blond woman, but Ko's agent was able to get her an audition. After her audition, the producers changed their original idea of Emma's appearance. Ko said, “I think that's true diversity. You're just like everybody else. You just look Asian... It's the norm and how we all live. We just haven't seen it in Hollywood yet.”[4][5]

Ko joined the cast of the television series _Hawaii Five-0_ part way into its eighth season.[6] She also guest-starred in the HBO comedy series _Ballers_.[7][8][9] She stars on the FXX series _Dave_ alongside Dave Burd.[10]

Filmography

Film

  Year   Title                          Role
  ------ ------------------------------ --------
  2017   _The Jade Pendant_             May
  2018   _Grandmother's Gold_           Mona
  2019   _Extracurricular Activities_   Amy
  2020   _Tigertail_                    Angela

Television

  Year           Title                     Role             Notes
  -------------- ------------------------- ---------------- -------------------------------------------
  2012           _Hollywood Heights_       Brenda           2 episodes
  2015           _Ballers_                 Anna             Episode: “Saturdaze”
  2016–2017      _The Great Indoors_       Emma             Series regular
  2017           _Adam Ruins Everything_   Tiffany          Episode: “Adam Ruins the Hospital”
  2018           _Hawaii Five-0_           Jessie Nomura    Recurring role (6 episodes)
  2018           _Deception_               Vivian Song      Episode: “Divination”
  2019           _No Good Nick_            Ms. Chang        2 episodes
  2020           _Stumptown_               Cameron Dorsey   Episode: “All Quiet On The Dextern Front”
  2020–present   _Dave_                    Emma             Series regular
  2020           _Upload_                  Mandi            Series regular

[1]

[2]

[3]  即時新聞 {{!}} 20161026 {{!}} 蘋果日報|work=蘋果日報|access-date=2017-03-05|language=zh-TW}}

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

title: Christine Ko

question: Who is Christine Ko?

answer: Christine Ko is a Taiwanese-American actress. She is best known for her role as Emma in The Great Indoors.

question: Where did Christine start her acting career?

answer: Her father was considered as a legendary entertainer, and in the early 2010's Christine had a brief career in Taiwan.

question: How did Emma get her role in The Great Indoors?

answer: Her agent got her an audition despite the part being written for a blond actress, and the her performance impressed the producers enough to change the role to suit her.

question: In what other shows does she appear in?

answer: Christine also stars in Hawaii Five-0, Ballers (on HBO), and in Dave (FXX).

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Christine Ko is a Taiwanese-American actress best known for her role as Emma in The Great Indoors. Despite Emma originally being written for a blond, she impressed the producers enough to rewrite the role for her. She also also stars in Hawaii Five-0, Ballers (on HBO), and Dave (FXX).


text:
Jyothisham

Welcome to Jyothishamonline.in

The First Traditional Online Astrological Portal in Kerala

[]

Jyothisham Online have featured a wide range of Kerala astrology consultation services. One can consult with kerala astrologers for all your jyothisham requirements. Be it future prediction, porutham or match making, JyothishamOnline offer all services related to astrology like, vivaham, porutham, muhurtham, job & career, education, vivaha muhurtham, marriage, jathakam, love & relashionship, marriage problems, dambathyam, yantram, elass, horoscope matching, vivaha porutham, child, marital problems and even ask your question to astrologers.

Jyothisham consultation, Yanthrangal, Online Puja and Astro shop allows one to buy all services online sitting anywhere in the world. Jyothisham Online is the first and best one of its kind in Kerala to offer jyothisham and astrology related services online with instant online payment facilities. We are one of the best match makers who does horoscope matching on the basis of Kerala Astrology.

Yantras

Our Panel of Astrologers

Online Pooja

TESTIMONIAL

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question: What is the purpose of this post?

answer: This post seems to be an ad or an introduction to a website: Jyothishamonline.in

question: What is jyothishamonline?

answer: The site offers astrology related services online.

question: What does the posting claim they are the best at?

answer: The post claims they are the best matchmakers; they do horoscope matching on the basis of Kerala Astrology.

question: What else does the post include?

answer: The post also includes many testimonials.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This post seems to be an ad or an introduction to a website: Jyothishamonline.in The site offers astrology related services online.


text:
Set up your criteria to organize incoming mail

 Updated on April 20, 2020

If you want to forward or copy your Gmail email to another address automatically, Gmail's filters allow you to do this wholesale or selectively. Here, you'll find directions to have Gmail act upon an email that fits the specific criteria you select.

Lifewire / Michela Buttignol

 Set up a Filter to Auto Forward in Gmail

To set up a filter that forwards Gmail email to another email address:

1.

    Select the gear icon, then choose SETTINGS from the drop-down menu.

2.

    Go to the FILTERS AND BLOCKED ADDRESSES tab.

3.

    Select CREATE A NEW FILTER.

4.

    Enter the criteria for the email you want to forward. For example, to forward all mail (as standard Gmail forwarding does), enter @ in the FROM field. To forward mail from a certain sender, enter that email address, name, domain, or any part of these next to FROM. When you finish, select CREATE FILTER.

5.

    Select the FORWARD IT TO check box, choose the address to which you want these messages delivered from the drop-down list, then select CREATE FILTER. Email matching the criteria you set will be forwarded to this address.

6.

    If the desired email address isn't in the drop-down list, select ADD FORWARDING ADDRESS and enter the address in the box that appears. Choose NEXT.

7.

    Select PROCEED to confirm the forwarding address.

8.

    Gmail sends a verification email to the address you added. Enter the code it contains in the box next to VERIFY [EMAIL ADDRESS] __ and select VERIFY. Alternatively, follow the link provided in the email sent to the forwarding address and choose CONFIRM to confirm that you allow messages to be forwarded to that email address.

9.

    Select SAVE CHANGES.

After you create a filter that forwards certain messages to another email address, a notice appears in your inbox stating that your filters are forwarding some of your mail. This reminder appears for the first week after you set up the filter.

 How to Turn Off Forwarding

If you no longer want any messages forwarded to other email addresses, disable forwarding in Gmail.

1.

    Log in to your Gmail account.

2.

    Select the SETTINGS gear icon in the upper-right corner of the screen and choose SETTINGS from the drop-down list.

3.

    Select the FORWARDING AND POP/IMAP tab.

4.

    In the FORWARDING section, select DISABLE FORWARDING.

5.

    Select SAVE CHANGES.

 How to Delete a Filter

If you use multiple filters to forward email messages and you want to stop using one, delete that filter.

1.

    Log in to your Gmail account.

2.

    Select the SETTINGS gear icon in the upper-right corner of the screen and choose SETTINGS from the drop-down list.

3.

    Select FILTERS AND BLOCKED ADDRESSES.

4.

    Choose the filter you want to change.

5.

    Select EDIT to change the filter or DELETE to remove the filter.

    If you edit the filter, make the changes and then select CONTINUE when you're done editing.

6.

    Select UPDATE FILTER or OK.

question: When was this article updated?

answer: April 20, 2020.

question: What's the first step in creating a filter to auto forward in Gmail?

answer: Choose settings from the drop-down menu in the gear icon.

question: What's the next step?

answer: Go to the filters and blocked addresses tab.

question: What happens after you save all your filter changes?

answer: You should receive an email confirming the changes you have made.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Setting up a filter to forward addresses in Google's Gmail is easy. You basically navigate to your settings in Gmail, select create a new filter, create the filter by entering the addresses then selecting "create filter", and you select the "forward it to" check box. After you hit proceed, Google will send a confirmation to this address. If it worked, select save changes. Turning off forwarding is in the same area-the difference is that you select "disable forwarding" and make sure to save that setting before you exit the window and/or browser.


text:
The Maniac

By: Leah Pagano

Chapter 1: Introducing a maniac
Brett grew up in a small town in Pennsylvania. He went to church every Sunday and had a very loving family. But from the time he was a small boy he knew there was something different about him. He could always feel this rage inside of him waiting to burst out. He always held it in for fear of his parents sending him away to the looney bin. But one day when he was about thirteen years old, he stumbled upon a stray cat when he was walking home from school. Normally these cats were afraid of people, but not this one. He was very friendly. So Brett picked him up and took him home knowing his parents wouldn't be home for hours. This was the first time Brett would kill. He thought about it the whole way home. Every step he took the rage grew stronger. He started perspiring profusely. He finally hit the front door of his house but instead of going in he just stood there a few minutes. He turned and decided to go into the basement. He would remain down there for two hours. No sounds. No wails. Just a pool of blood spilling out from under the door. Brett had just unlocked his rage. The worst was yet to come.
	He had just figured out the way to control his rage. Killing. He knew it was wrong but he figured it was just animals so it was okay. What he didn’t realize was that he was slowly turning into a monster. Day after day he slaughtered these poor animals and each day he became stronger, more violent. His fits of rage lasted longer and longer until he finally snapped. This was it. Today would be the day he took it one step further.
Chapter 2: It’s only A Crime If You Get Caught
	He waited patiently outside the grocery store day after day looking, hoping to find The One. The One that would set him free. The One that would finally unlock his brain and let him be normal. Or so he thought inside his twisted head. He saw little girls, little boys and their parents. He decided it would be an adult. Someone bigger than him so he could feel faster, stronger and smarter than them. He knew it would be hard to get them alone. So he went home and thought about his plan. In the middle of the night it came to him. Act like he was lost and ask for a ride. No one would leave a little boy stranded would they? His plan would be put into action Friday night. His parents would be gone for the weekend and no one would be around to interrupt his deadly deeds.
	He waited anxiously through the whole week for Friday to finally arrive. When the day came he quickly packed up his backpack and got on his bike to head to the grocery store. He walked in and saw that the store manager was working the evening shift and would be leaving around midnight. He thought this was the perfect opportunity.
	He waited in the bushes until the manager was walking towards her car. He waited until she had the key in the door and then jumped out, hit her in the head with a rock and then he dragged her body into the bushes. He only lived a few blocks from the store so he knew he had to move in the darkness to not be seen. He slowly and carefully moved the body step by step through yards and driveways. He had left the basement door open for easy access. He quickly threw the body down the steps, closed the door and locked it behind him. What madness lies in store for the night shift manager? Only Brett knew and he was about to unleash a whole new kind of evil.
Chapter 3: In The Torture Chamber
	A few hours passed and there was a lot of clinks and clanks during this time. The manager started to open her eyes. She didn't know where she was. Brett had a mask on his face just in case she would escape. He didn't want to be incriminated for his crime. He walked up to her and saw her name tag. It said Ashley. He looked into her eyes and he could see she was weak. She opened her mouth to speak but then realized she was tied up and gagged. Before she could process all this Brett slammed a white hot brand into her side. With this Ashley screamed and her eyes filled with tears. Brett took great pleasure in this. After all, he was just beginning. He seared her flesh over and over again with the brand before she passed out again. He then moved onto phase two of his plan.
	He grabbed his fathers nail gun. He put Ashley's hands and feet flat against the table and then woke her up with smelling salts. Just as her eyes opened he pulled the trigger on the nail gun and shot a nail into her right hand. He followed the same pattern with the rest of her limbs. He couldn't stand it anymore. He had to end it. He was too pumped to handle anymore. He grabbed a bucket, put it underneath the table and turned around. He returned with a butcher knife. He took his mask off. He told Ashley he wanted her to know what her murderer looked like. And with that, he slit her throat. She was dead in minutes. Now what to do with the body? This had already been planned out as well.
Chapter 4: The Master Plan
	Brett watched as the last few drops of blood left Ashley's body. He was so proud of himself. He finally got all the rage out. He felt “normal”. Now what to do? Get rid of the body of course. He got out his dads saw and began the slow process of hacking her body to pieces. He boiled them up and put them into mason jars. He buried the blood in the backyard. You may ask, what happened to the pieces of her body? Well Brett was slowly feeding his dog Milo the pieces little by little in his dog food. He thought he had committed the perfect crime. How would anyone ever find out. Three months had past and everything was going fine. Brett only had a few pieces left to feed Milo and it would be over forever. That is, until Milo got sick. He begged his dad not to take him to the vet. He said he just had an upset stomach for a few days. But his dad took him anyway. And that's when the truth finally came out. When they x-rayed Milo's stomach they saw all of Ashley's fingernails in there. Brett's dad had no idea what happened. Brett told him he didn't know how they got there. But the vet called the police after they had left and told them what had happened. A few hours later the police arrived at Brett's house with the surveillance tapes from the grocery store. They had seen everything Brett had done until he reached the neighbors yard. Brett ran out of the house as fast as he could. The police said when they caught him he would go to trial for murder. They found the blood in the backyard and the few pieces left of Ashley down in the deep freeze. Brett was done for and he knew it. How long could he avoid the police?
Chapter 5: The Death Of A Maniac
	Brett ran for what seemed like hours. Had it been worth it? All the years of rage finally gone only to go to jail for the rest of his life. No way. He stayed hidden for a few days before the police finally caught up with him. They pulled him out of his hiding space and put handcuffs on him. He went to trial, was found guilty, and sent to a maximum security prison. His first night in he couldn't stand it. He waited until everyone had gone to sleep and the guards were busy bringing in a new prisoner. He tied his bed sheets into a noose and hung himself. By the time the guards found him it was too late. Brett killed himself at age eighteen. Two months shy of graduating and starting his life for real. His parents grieved for him. Ashley's family was happy to have justice served. So this brings us to the end of the story. Or does it? It turns out Brett's girlfriend had just found out she was pregnant a few weeks before he was caught. Will his child have the same mental problems? Will he be a maniac like his father? Or would he live a normal, peaceful life like everyone else? We may never know. Or will we?

title: The Maniac

question: What does the story say about peace in wartime?

question: How does Brett progress from a seemingly normal kid to a murderer?

answer: He starts acting out on his feeling of rage, which reinforces the violent behaviors he exhibits. Over time, he gets desensitized to it and has to do more. Eventually, he feels like he has to act on a human to let out his rage. Throughout all this, he convinces himself that acting out will eventually free him from the unexplained desire for violence.

question: What was Brett's plan to avoid capture, and how did it fail?

answer: He decided to commit his heinous act on a weekend when his parents would be gone. He murdered the woman, drained her blood, and buried it in the backyard. He hacked her into small pieces and boiled the pieces, feeding them to their dog over time. While he thought of many direct routes of getting caught, he didn't consider how he could get caught indirectly. So, the fingernails of the woman ended up in the stomach of their dog to make it sick. The vet discovered it, and the security video of him knocking out the woman was found.


text:
SEVIL SHHAIDEH (;[1] née GEAMBEC (); born 4 December 1964) is a Romanian economist, civil servant and politician. On 21 December 2016, she was proposed by the Social Democrats to be Prime minister of Romania, but was rejected by the president, Klaus Iohannis.

Studies and career

Shhaideh was born on 4 December 1964, in Constanța, Romania. Her mother Muezel Cambek (née Karpat) is of Crimean Tatar origin and her father Saedin Cambek is of Turkish origin.[2] In 1987 she graduated from the Academy of Economic Sciences of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Planning and Cybernetics. She then worked in the public administration of Constanța County, becoming head of the Directorate General for Projects. In the same period, she was the coordinator of the National Union of Romanian county councils.[3][4] Since 2012 she worked as secretary of state in the Ministry of Regional Development.[5]

Between May and November 2015 Shhaideh was minister of regional development and public administration in the Social Democratic government headed by Victor Ponta, succeeding Liviu Dragnea.[6]

On 21 December 2016 she was indicated by the PSD and ALDE parties as candidate for prime minister to the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis.[7] Dragnea, the PSD leader, indicated that he would keep the overall political responsibility over a Shhaideh government.[8] If she had been approved, she would have been the first woman and first Muslim to hold that position. On 27 December, Iohannis, who comes from the National Liberal Party defeated by the governing coalition, rejected the nomination, prompting Dragnea and Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, the leader of junior coalition partner Alliance of Liberals and Democrats to accuse Iohannis of playing partisan politics and to consider his removal from the presidency.[9]

Personal life

Shhaideh's family are of the Muslim faith of the Sunni denomination as well as the Hanafi rite and belonged to the long established Turkish and Tatar ethnic minorities of Romania. Her mother is the niece of the Turkish historian Kemal Karpat.[10][11]

She is married to the Syrian businessman Akram Shhaideh (); the Romanian politician Liviu Dragnea was a witness at their wedding ceremony in 2011. According to a declaration of financial interests from July 2015, the couple own three properties in Syria, one in Latakia and two in Damascus.[12][13]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

title: Sevil Shhaideh

question: Who is Sevil Shhaideh?

answer: Shhaideh is a Romanian economist, civil servant, and politician. In 2016 the Social Democrats proposed for her to be Prime minister, but the president rejected the proposal.

question: Where did Shhaideh go to school?

answer: She graduated from the Academy of Economic Sciences of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Planning and Cybernetics.

question: What position did she hold in the Ministry of Regional Development?

answer: She was the Secretary of State.

question: What faith does Shhaideh follow?

answer: She is Muslim.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Shhaideh is a Romanian economist, civil servant, and politician. In 2016 the Social Democrats proposed for her to be Prime minister, but the president rejected the proposal.


text:
-   Intelligencer
-   The Cut
-   Vulture
-   The Strategist
-   -   Curbed
-   Grub Street
-   [Subscribe to New York Magazine]

-   Subscribe
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[Donald Trump Attends Petroleum Conference In North Dakota]
Can you smell the garbage burning? Photo: Spencer Platt/Getty Images

If Donald Trump were an otherwise normal candidate — with a reasonable knowledge of public policy and no pronounced affection for authoritarian rulers or habit of blurting out overtly misogynistic and racist comments — the Republican Party Establishment would still be in complete meltdown right now over his campaign’s political incompetence. Recent reports have uncovered a slew of hair-raising details about the campaign’s amateur/quasi-nonexistent status. Trump is raising nowhere close to the level of money required to run a modern presidential campaign. His campaign staff is skeletal and lacks the ability to coordinate a message, leading to chaotic setpieces where the entire Democratic Party message apparatus is being countered only by Trump’s personal Twitter account. (Sad!) Trump is wedded to bizarre strategic notions like competing in heavily blue states. He is devoting what few resources he does have to hopeless projects like hiring a pollster to help him win New York, where Republican presidential candidates have failed to reach even 40 percent of the vote in decades.

Trump’s ally and state campaign co-chair Carl Paladino reveals his two-prong plan to overcome their massive party registration deficit:

  They will also rely on conventional get-out-the-vote efforts and blanketing the upstate region with signs and bumper stickers.

  “Upstate will give us a wave in this election, and my instruction from HQ is really simple. It’s one word: Win,” he said. “And that’s what we intend to do.”

So, prong one: bumper stickers and signs — thousands of them, maybe even millions, so many you cannot walk anywhere in upstate New York without having a Trump sticker get stuck to the bottom of your shoe. The sheer psychological force of this effort will apparently overwhelm the people. And then, prong two: “win.” Previous Republican candidates, Paladino included, have failed badly in statewide elections, a result Paladino apparently attributes to their failures to implement his strategy of trying to win.

Today in ‘Trump’s Campaign Is a Garbage Fire’

1.   How Biden Could (Maybe) Fix His Senate Problem With One Weird Trick
2.   Liberal Hyperbole About Trump’s Authoritarianism Was Never the Problem
3.   What a Spectacularly Ill-Advised Idea Says About McKinsey
4.   Trump Spent His Holiday Weekend Bolstering His Loser Routine
5.   Donald Trump Could Be on Trial Sooner Than You Think

11/30/2020

the national interest

[]

the national interest

Josh Hawley’s Populist Shtick Is Undermined By One Glaring Weakness

By Jonathan Chait

“Let me explain this to you.”

[]

white house

Trump’s Crank COVID Adviser Scott Atlas Resigns

By Matt Stieb

He said that masks don’t work and that lockdowns caused the latest surge.

[]

2020 elections

Democrats Didn’t Have As Bad an Election As You Might Think

By Ed Kilgore

The conventional wisdom is that Biden won but his party “lost” the battle for the House and the Senate. That’s not really true.

1.   How Biden Could (Maybe) Fix His Senate Problem With One Weird Trick

    By Eric Levitz

2.   Liberal Hyperbole About Trump’s Authoritarianism Was Never the Problem

    By Eric Levitz

3.   What a Spectacularly Ill-Advised Idea Says About McKinsey

    By Benjamin Hart and Andrew Rice

4.   Trump Spent His Holiday Weekend Bolstering His Loser Routine

    By Chas Danner

5.   Donald Trump Could Be on Trial Sooner Than You Think

    By Jeff Wise

11/30/2020

senate republicans

[]

senate republicans

How Biden Could (Maybe) Fix His Senate Problem With One Weird Trick

By Eric Levitz

Pennsylvania’s Republican senator plans to retire in 2022. Biden should consider offering him a taste of executive power on his way out the door.

11/30/2020

It might be spring all over again in California

Gov. Gavin Newsom says he is considering “drastic action,” including reinstating a stay at home order, as projections show the surge of Covid-19 cases will cause the state’s ICU capacity to be overrun by Christmas Eve.

—@ShimonPro

11/30/2020

intelligencer chats

[]

intelligencer chats

What a Spectacularly Ill-Advised Idea Says About McKinsey

By Benjamin Hart and Andrew Rice

The powerful, secretive consulting giant is once again in the headlines for all the wrong reasons.

11/30/2020

Unsurprisingly, the Trump administration’s plans for vaccine distribution leave a lot to be desired

The Trump administration is shunting to the states hard decisions about which Americans will get the limited early supplies of coronavirus vaccines — setting up a confusing patchwork of distribution plans that could create unequal access to the life-saving shots.

Federal and state officials agree that the nation’s 21 million health care workers should be first in line. But there is no consensus about how to balance the needs of other high-risk groups, including the 53 million adults aged 65 or older, 87 million essential workers and more than 100 million people with medical conditions that increase their vulnerability to the virus.

The Trump administration has told states that they have ultimate authority for determining who gets vaccinated first. It has also decided to allocate scarce early doses based on states’ total populations, forcing hard choices in states with a greater proportion of residents at high risk — including Black, Indigenous and Latino communities that have suffered disproportionate rates of hospitalization and death from Covid-19.

11/30/2020

Yep, Biden’s still gonna win

* ARIZONA CERTIFIES 2020 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FOR DEMOCRAT BIDEN@Reuters

—@carlquintanilla

11/30/2020

georgia senate runoffs

[]

georgia senate runoffs

Trump Divides Georgia Republicans Ahead of Crucial Senate Runoffs

By Ed Kilgore

The GOP needs unity to win on January 5, but Trump’s still furious at Governor Brian Kemp for refusing to help him steal the 2020 election.

11/30/2020

A big subtweet of the president here

Georgia Secretary of State: “There are those who are exploiting the emotions of many Trump supporters with fantastic claims, half truths and misinformation, and frankly they are misleading the president as well. “

—@bradheath

[]

covid vaccines

Moderna Says First COVID Vaccine Shots Could Be Ready by December 21

By Benjamin Hart

The company is seeking emergency authorization for doses it says provide overwhelming protection from the virus.

11/30/2020

A brutal year for the media industry

Media industry layoffs are poised to reach an all-time high in 2020 due in large part to the coronavirus pandemic, according to new research.

An estimated 28,637 cuts were reported in the industry by late October, Variety, citing data from Challenger, Gray & Christmas, reported, nearly as many as the record 28,803 reported in the media sector in 2008. By comparison, the sector saw just over 10,000 job losses in 2019 and 15,474 in 2018.

Job losses spiked in May during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic in the U.S. After a June dropoff, layoffs increased again over the summer, dropping to pre-pandemic levels in September and October, Variety noted.

11/30/2020

Another sign that the transition is finally moving forward

President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris are set to receive their first presidential daily briefing on Monday.

The briefing is a collection of high-level intelligence information and other materials pertinent to issues of national security prepared for the president by senior officials and advisers.

A president-elect typically begins receiving the briefings in the weeks before he is inaugurated to ensure a smooth transition process and protect the nation’s interests at home and abroad. The White House reportedly signed off of the briefings for Biden last week.

11/30/2020

Moderna will become the second company, following Pfizer, to ask the FDA for emergency use authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine

Pharmaceutical company Moderna intends to apply Monday to the US Food and Drug Administration for authorization of its Covid-19 vaccine.

The company will ask the FDA to review an expanded data set showing the vaccine is 94.1% effective at preventing Covid-19 and 100% effective at preventing severe cases of the disease.

“This is striking,” said Dr. Paul Offit, a member of the FDA’s vaccine advisory committee. “These are amazing data.”

Moderna’s chief medical officer said he became emotional when he saw the data Saturday night.

“It was the first time I allowed myself to cry,” Dr. Tal Zaks said. “We have a full expectation to change the course of this pandemic.”

11/30/2020

authoritarianism

[]

authoritarianism

Liberal Hyperbole About Trump’s Authoritarianism Was Never the Problem

By Eric Levitz

The stakes of semantic debates over Trump’s alleged “fascism” and “coup” are much lower than liberals or left-contrarians care to admit.

11/30/2020

early and often

[]

early and often

Trump Spent His Holiday Weekend Bolstering His Loser Routine

By Chas Danner

A roundup of Trump’s latest preposterous election claims and flailing attempts to convince America that he’s definitely not a loser.

11/30/2020

biden administration

[]

biden administration

Joe Biden’s Cabinet Begins to Take Shape

By Intelligencer Staff

A running list of Biden’s announcements and reported picks as the incoming administration begins to name its top personnel.

11/29/2020

the president-elect

[]

the president-elect

Joe Biden Has Hairline Fractures in His Right Foot

By Matt Stieb

Biden’s doctor says he may have to wear “a walking boot for several weeks” after hurting his foot while playing with his German shepherd, Major.

[]

maga

Trump Did Worse in Counties Where He Held His Final Rallies: Report

By Matt Stieb

Trump underperformed compared to 2016 in 25 out of 30 counties where he held his final pandemic get-togethers.

[]

new york city

New York City to Begin Phased Reopening of Schools

By Chas Danner

Pre-K and elementary-school students will be able to return on December 7, and the city is overhauling how it manages its schools amid the pandemic.

11/29/2020

The coddled dear leader

Sequestered in the White House and brooding out of public view after his election defeat, rageful and at times delirious in a torrent of private conversations, Trump was, in the telling of one close adviser, like “Mad King George, muttering, ‘I won. I won. I won.’ ”

However cleareyed Trump’s aides may have been about his loss to President-elect Joe Biden, many of them nonetheless indulged their boss and encouraged him to keep fighting with legal appeals. They were “happy to scratch his itch,” this adviser said. “If he thinks he won, it’s like, ‘Shh . . . we won’t tell him.’ ” …

In the days after the election, as Trump scrambled for an escape hatch from reality, the president largely ignored his campaign staff and the professional lawyers who had guided him through the Russia investigation and the impeachment trial, as well as the army of attorneys who stood ready to file legitimate court challenges.

Instead, Trump empowered loyalists who were willing to tell him what he wanted to hear — that he would have won in a landslide had the election not been rigged and stolen — and then to sacrifice their reputations by waging a campaign in courtrooms and in the media to convince the public of that delusion.

11/28/2020

the national interest

[]

the national interest

‘Republicans Remain Opposed to Any Policies That Would Reduce Fossil-Fuel Use’

By Jonathan Chait

That would rule out any policy to limit climate change.

11/27/2020

international affairs

[]

international affairs

What We Know About the Assassination of Iran’s Top Nuclear Scientist

By Chas Danner

Israel was likely behind the killing of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, but it’s not clear how much it will affect Iran’s nuclear program, or if Trump signed off.

[]

frontlines

Covid Is Surging, But There’s No More Hazard Pay for Retail Workers

By Sarah Jones

Employees say they’re practically being forced to risk their lives by working during a busy and dangerous holiday season.

11/25/2020

unhappy holidays

[]

unhappy holidays

Why Does It Take Six Hours to Get a COVID Test in New York?

By Aaron Short

The hottest item in town may be a cotton swab that goes up the nose.

[]

countdown

Here’s What Lame-Duck Trump Might Do

By Charlotte Klein

The president could start a war, spare his convicted cronies, and more on the way out.

[]

clemency

Trump Pardons Michael Flynn in End-of-Term Attack on Russia Investigation

By Benjamin Hart

A little dose of payback from the departing president.

11/25/2020

You didn’t think Trump would let us have a relaxing holiday weekend, did you?

It is my Great Honor to announce that General Michael T. Flynn has been granted a Full Pardon. Congratulations to @GenFlynn and his wonderful family, I know you will now have a truly fantastic Thanksgiving!

—@realDonaldTrump

11/25/2020

Things are going well for the president

So, to be clear, Trump is currently phoning into a Republican-led hearing at a Wyndham hotel in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – a state that has certified its results and a Biden victory – to dispute Biden’s election victory.

“This election was lost by the Democrats,” he says.

—@josh_wingrove

[]

street view

New York’s Approval System for New Building Is a Recipe for Mediocrity

By Justin Davidson

In Gowanus, we’re dredging for an idea everyone can live with.

question: When was the article written?

answer: Sometime in 2020

question: Who is the author?

answer: That information can't be found

question: What strategy of the Trump campaign does the author consider bizarre?

answer: Campaigning heavily in blue states

question: Who is Trump's New York state campaign co-chair?

answer: Carl Paladino

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author criticizes bizarre decisions made by Donald Trump's campaign, such as to compete strongly in blue states.


text:
Former Punjab DGP K.P.S. Gill who is controversially credited for bringing an end to militancy in the state on extra-judicial killings and the politician-police nexus.

 Mihir Srivastava INTERVIEWS K.P.S. Gill

14 December 2015

[]

_Former ‘supercop’ K.P.S. GILL was Punjab DGP in the late 1980s and early ’90s when pro-Khalistan militancy was at its height in the state. He’s also, controversially, credited with bringing it to an end. Gill talked to MIHIR SRIVASTAVA about extra-judicial killings, the politician-police nexus, among other things. Excerpts from an interview:_

LET’S START BY TALKING ABOUT THE STATE THE PUNJAB POLICE WAS IN WHEN YOU TOOK OVER.

The police force was ill-equipped, ill-trained and frightened of the terrorists. Traffic would stop at 3 pm in the afternoon in some areas of the state. Even the judiciary was frightened, and justifiably so, as they didn’t have adequate security. It was a terrible situation.

WHAT DID YOU DO TO CHANGE IT?

Well, I went to the police force arms store. An LMG (light machine gun) of WW-II vintage was lying sealed in the original packaging. It had never been used. A joint secretary from the Tripura cadre was...

[unsub]

THIS ARTICLE IS PRICELESS...

To read this piece, and more such stories in India's most exciting and exacting magazine, plus get access to our 25-year archives goldmine, please subscribe.

question: Based on the article, what is a Punjab?

answer: A Punjab is possibly a division of law enforcement in India.


text:
Woadic Chief (★★★★★)
[Blue Plains icon]

[Woadic Chief]
CARD TYPE

Creature

FACTION

Blue Plains

MAGIC COST

5

ATTACK

18

DEFENSE

30

RARITY

★★★★★

FLOOP ABILITY

No Creature or Building may be summoned on the opposing lane next turn.

FLOOP COST

3

WOADIC CHIEF is a 5 Star, Algebraic Rare Blue Plains creature in Card Wars. It can be obtained through the Algebraic Chest.

Strategy[]Edit

Woadic Chief is an excellent all-around Algebraic Rare, the Gold version being one of the best, because of its defensive, yet balanced stats. The Woadic Chief is a game-changing card, due to it's floop, which makes for a quick 18 points of damage, which can be extended every turn. This strategy is commonly referred to as the Woadic Chief sweep.

OVERVIEW[]Edit

TIPS[]Edit

Place him in a lane where there is a weak creature, and use his floop. When the enemy creature is killed, use his floop again. This can be chained to deal a large amount of damage.

COUNTER[]Edit

Woadic Chief is a very all around card, so a weakness is difficult to find. The only creature who can defeat him in 1 hit is Dr. Death, of course. However, using attack-lowering floops can render him nothing but a glorified, 5 magic point Wall of Ears. If you could get a Struzann Jinn in before the Woadic Chief can floop, it can send it back to the opponent's hand, or 2HKO it.

Crafting[]Edit

Crafting recipe unknown.

Notes[]Edit

Woadic Chief (★★★★★)
[Blue Plains icon]

[Woadic Chief Gold]
CARD TYPE

Creature

FACTION

Blue Plains

MAGIC COST

5

ATTACK

27

DEFENSE

45

RARITY

★★★★★

FLOOP ABILITY

No Creature or Building may be summoned on the opposing lane next turn.

FLOOP COST

3

WOADIC CHIEF is a 5 Star, Algebraic Rare Blue Plains creature in Card Wars. It can be obtained through the Algebraic Chest.

Strategy[]Edit

Woadic Chief is an excellent all-around Algebraic Rare, the Gold version being one of the best, because of its defensive, yet balanced stats. The Woadic Chief is a game-changing card, due to it's floop, which makes for a quick 18 points of damage, which can be extended every turn.

OVERVIEW[]Edit

TIPS[]Edit

Place him in a lane where there is a weak creature, and use his floop. When the enemy creature is killed, use his floop again. This can be chained to deal a large amount of damage.

COUNTER[]Edit

Woadic Chief is a very all around card, so a weakness is difficult to find. The only creature who can defeat him in 1 hit is Dr. Death, of course. However, using attack-lowering floops can render him nothing but a glorified, 5 magic point Wall of Ears.

Crafting[]Edit

Crafting recipe unknown.

Notes[]Edit

-   Algebraic Rare
-   Creature
-   Blue Plains
-   Uncraftable
-   Strategic Floop
-   Highest Defense
-

Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.

question: What game are these card descriptors for?

answer: Card Wars.

question: Which cards are being described?

answer: The Woadic Chief and the Woadic Chief (Gold)

question: What makes these cards special?

answer: They are utilized in a specific strategy known as the Woadic Sweep.

question: What is the difference between the normal Woadic Chief and the Gold version?

answer: Though these cards have an equal rarity, their attack and defense stats differ greatly. Gold has 9 more attack and 15 more defense than its normal counterpart.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A description of the Card Wars cards Woadic Chief and Woadic Chief (Gold), including stats, tips and counters for the card.


text:
Catching up

Once, when I was young, my father told me that I would never be the best in the world at anything. Out of the hundreds of millions of people in the world, there would always be someone a little bit better somewhere. He crushed any dream I would have.

Now that I’m old I’ve realized that I don’t have to be the best, or even good, to do something I love.

I’ve got a lot of catching up to do.

title: Catching up (80 Words)

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: It is not stated in the text. Indications are that it is a older person disillusioned with their father's advice.

question: What are the major events of the story?

answer: The narrator states that the advice given when they were young crushed any dream the narrator would have. Now that the narrator is old, they realize that you do not have to be the best to do something you love. The narrator has a lot of catching up to do.

question: What crushed the narrator's dreams?

answer: The narrator's father by telling the narrator that they will never be the best in the world at anything.

question: Why was it so hurtful?

answer: It crushed any dream the narrator would have.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator states that the advice given by their father when they were young crushed any dream the narrator would have. Now that the narrator is old, they realize that you do not have to be the best to do something you love. The narrator has a lot of catching up to do.


text: The flag at the cemetary is at half-mast. I used to pass by  those stars and stripes every day on the bus, watching it flutter freely as i roared by in a big metal combustion engine with wheels. It's still at half-mast now, years later. Most things are the same as they were years ago, that house on the corner is still half built, mom always thought that the builders ran out of money, now it will never be finished, the front door gaping open forevermore. Even that riding mower on the field across the street is still in the same place, still sputtering and making metal noises as if someone might ever come back and finish the job. No one will ever finish the job. You would think it would be nice to suddenly have the world to yourself, peace and quiet, no people. Most people don't like people, you ever realize that? I used to be that way, muttering "God i hate people." whenever i could get the chance. I don't hate people now. I miss that quiet murmur of people around you, that sense of humanity that instantly makes you feel in the right place and not alone or devoid of all connection. I miss people.

title: Flag at half mast.

question: What happened to the people?

answer: The people are gone, though the narrative has given no reason as to how this change occurred. It is implied that the narrator is the only person left in their immediate area.


text:
At least 18 people have died after gunmen posing as soldiers stormed a restaurant in the Somali capital after detonating a car bomb outside another. The militant group al-Shabab has claimed responsibility for the attack.

Al-Shabab militants disguised as soldiers attacked two restaurants popular with Somalia's upper crust on Wednesday night.

A suicide car bombing hit the Posh Treats restaurant and club in the Zobe area of Mogadishu at about 8 p.m. local time. Shortly after militants stormed the neighboring Pizza House restaurant and seized about 20 hostages.

The gunmen reportedly spent the night seeking out people still hiding at the venue and shooting them. Government soldiers responded by shooting the gunmen dead.

By Thursday morning at least 18 had been killed, a government spokesman said.

Read: Is Islamic extremism on the rise in Africa?

Read: Seven terror organizations making headlines

POPULAR WITH AFFLUENT ELITE

Both venues were popular with affluent, young and diaspora Somalis and were busy as customers broke the Ramadan fast in the predominantly Sunni Muslim nation. In 2015 The Guardian newspaper described Posh Treats as the first country club open in the city after more than two decades of war. It reportedly housed a restaurant, spa, en-suite guest rooms, a gym, a shisha spot and a snooker table. In 2016 Bloomberg described Pizza House as a relatively expensive three-story eatery with a movie theater and views over the Indian Ocean.

"The operation is over now and the gunmen were killed by the security forces," said Mohamed Ahmed Arab, spokesman for Somalia's Security Ministry.

"They have attacked business places and killed innocent civilians: 18 civilians were killed, including a Syrian national, and more than 10 others were wounded," he said Thursday.

VEHICLE-MOUNTED GUNS

Government soldiers surrounded the restaurant and used vehicle-mounted guns to kill the militants. The soldiers stormed the ground floor as insurgent snipers held positions upstairs.

But military efforts to regain control of the Pizza House restaurant were slowed by the darkness of night, forcing soldiers to wait until morning, Police Captain Mohamed Hussein said. All five attackers were killed, and after dawn the soldiers secured the building, he said.

Attackers had cut off electricity to complicate security forces' efforts to end the siege, Hussein said earlier.

SURVIVORS HID

Survivors said they hid under tables as armed attackers kept firing in the restaurant and hunted for patrons. Attackers moved from room to room, looking for people, according to one person.

"I never thought I would have the chance to see the sun again. They were killing people on sight," Saida Hussein, a university student, told The Associated Press. She survived by hiding behind a large table.

Another survivor, Aden Karie, said he was wounded by an attacker who spotted him moving behind a curtain in the dark room.

"He shot at me twice and one bullet struck me on the leg," Karie told AP as he was taken to a waiting ambulance.

Police found the bodies of five girls likely killed by the militants in the restaurant. The body of a Syrian chef lay near the rubble of a wall.

An ambulance driver with the Amin Ambulance service said they had carried 17 bodies and 26 wounded people.

Witness Nur Yasin told AP that the gunmen "were dressed in military uniforms. They forced those fleeing the site to go inside" the restaurant.

AL-SHABAB CAMPAIGN

Al-Shabab, which claimed responsibility during the attack, was the deadliest Islamic extremist group in Africa last year, killing more than 4,200 people, according to the Washington-based Africa Center for Strategic Studies.

The group often attacks high-profile areas of Mogadishu, including hotels, military checkpoints and areas near the presidential palace.

Al-Shabab vowed to step up attacks after the recently elected government launched a new military offensive against it. US President Donald Trump also approved expanded operations, including airstrikes, against Al-Shabab. On Sunday, the US military reported that it killed eight Islamic extremists in an airstrike on a rebel command and logistics camp in the country's south.

question: Why did the gunmen storm the restaurant and kill all those people?

answer: Because they were members of Al-Shabab, a militant Islamic extremist group operating in Somalia who vowed to step up attacks after the newly elected government launched a military offensive against them.

question: Why did Al-Shabab target Posh Treats restaurant out of all the establishments in the area?

answer: Al-Shabab probably wanted to make a statement and sow terror among Somalia's young and affluent people who frequented the place.

question: What if the Somali soldiers had better equipment and training?

answer: It's possible that the loss of life from collateral damage wouldn't be that large. The army forces would have the benefit of using small tactical teams and night-vision equipment to deal with the extremists under the cover of night - they didn't have to wait until morning. Army snipers could've dealt with Al-Shabab snipers on the second floor. Injured hostages who died because the army had to wait for light would've been saved. Blasting away with vehicle-mounted guns when hostages are present is not a tactical approach and can harm the people they are trying to save.


text:
ANDREW CURTAIN (born 1967) is a former New Zealand international lawn and indoor bowls player.[1]

Bowls career

Curtain won two medals at the 1996 World Outdoor Bowls Championship; a silver in the triples and a bronze in the fours.[2]

He won the gold medal with Rowan Brassey and Peter Belliss in the men's triples at the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Johannesburg.[3]

Curtain also represented New Zealand at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.[4]

He won the 1997 & 2008 pairs title and the 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997 & 2004 fours title at the New Zealand National Bowls Championships when bowling for the various bowls clubs.[5]

[1] Profile at the New Zealand Olympic Committee website

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Andrew Curtain

question: Who is Andrew Curtain?

answer: He is a former New Zealand international lawn and indoor bowls player.

question: Summarize everything relating to the medals Curtain won in his international Bowls career.

answer: Curtain has won three medals in international competitions. He won a silver medal in the triples and a bronze medal in the fours at the 1996 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. He won the gold medal in the men's triples at the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship.

question: Where was the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship held?

answer: Johannesburg

question: Summarize Curtain's Bowls career in New Zealand.

answer: He won the 1997 & 2008 pairs title. He also won the 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997 & 2004 fours title at the New Zealand National Bowls Championships.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Andrew Curtain is a former New Zealand international lawn and indoor bowls player who has represented New Zealand in international Bowls competitions. He won a silver medal in the triples and a bronze medal in the fours at the 1996 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. He also won the gold medal in the men's triples at the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship.