text:
_CHONEMORPHA FRAGRANS_, the FRANGIPANI VINE or CLIMBING FRANGIPANI, is a plant species in the genus _Chonemorpha_. It is a vigorous, generally evergreen, climbing shrub producing stems 30 metres or more long that can climb to the tops of the tallest trees in the forests of Southeast Asia. It has scented, white flowers and large shiny leaves. and it is native to China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand. It is very commonly used in _Ayurveda_ (an Indian root medicine) and it is also cultivated mostly worldwide in frost free places.

Description

[Franginpani vine leaves]

_Chonemorpha fragrans_ is a vigorous climber,[1] reaching up to .[2][3] It can also grow or spread to about wide, depending on the support.[4] It has a rusty brown,[5] or grey barked stem which is numerously lenticelled.[6] The bark can produce fibre of good quality.[7]

It is evergreen in most tropical climates.[8][9] Elsewhere, in the spring, the fresh new leaves are bright green with a bronze hue.[10] The mature leaves are large,[11] deep green,[12] shiny,[13][14][15] and hirsute (hairy),[16] especially underneath.[17] They are broadly ovate,[18][19][20] orbicular,[21][22] or elliptic in shape.[23] They have a 2cm long petiole,[24] and they are wide and long,[25][26] with 10-12 pairs of lateral,[27] prominent veins.[28][29][30]

It has terminal (end of stem),[31] clusters of blooms,[32][33] appearing from spring to autumn,[34] from May to July,[35][36][37] or between April and October.[38] They are highly fragrant,[39][40][41] and the scent is thought to be very similar to that of the Singapore White plumeria.[42][43][44]

They have tubular sepals, which are 1 cm long,[45][46] a white corolla[47] which is long.[48][49][50] It has a hairy throat,[51][52] which is yellow.[53][54][55]

After it has bloomed, between July and September,[56] it produces a lanceolate[57] or oblong seedcase.[58][59] Inside the seed case, are flat seeds, shortly beaked with long white silky coma.[60][61]

All parts of the plant produce a milk-like substance when damaged.[62]

Biochemistry

_Chonemorpha fragrans_ contains alkaloids, such as 'camptothecin' (or CPT), 'chonemorphine', and 'funtumafrine'.[63] 'Camptothecin' is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.[64] 'Chonemorphine' is a steroidal alkaloid has been used to treat intestinal infections in Wistar rats. (Chatterjee DK et al (1987) Parasitol Res 74, 1, 30-33).[65]

The plants enzymes were also studied in 2016 for their anti-cancer potentials.[66]

It has two sets of chromosomes with a count of 2n=20.[67][68]

Taxonomy

The Latin name is pronounced as _Chonemorpha_ (koh-nee-MORF-a) _fragrans_ (FRAY-granz).[69]

It is commonly known as 'Frangipani Vine',[70][71] or 'Climbing Frangipani'[72][73][74] and rarely in India as 'Funnel-Flower Vine'.[75]

The flowers are very similar to the Frangipani in scent and shape, hence the common names.[76][77][78]

Due to its wide range it has various local names such as; 'Gardhedaro' in hindi,[79][80][81] 'Manjinaru',[82] or 'Chandra hoovina balli' in Kannada, 'Perunkurumpa',[83] or 'Paal valli' in Malayalam,[84] or 'akar gerip merah',[85] 'Murva' or 'morala' in Sanskrit,[86] 'velutha kaaka kodi' in Tamil and 'Chaga' in Telugu.[87][88]

Also within parts of China (such as Guangxi, Yunnan and Tibet) and the Indian Subcontinent and Indochina, its name in Khmer is /vɔə crẹj cruəj/ វល្លិជ្រៃជ្រួយ or /vɔə ʔɑŋkɑt krəhɑːm/ វល្លិអង្កត់ក្រហម.[89]),

It is written as 大叶鹿角藤 in Chinese script and known as _da ye lu jiao teng_ in Pidgin in China.[90]

It was first originally described and published by botanist Alexander Moon as _Echites fragrans_ Moon, in his 'Catalogue of the indigenous and exotic Plants growing in Ceylon' (Cat. Pl. Ceylon.) Vol.20 in 1824.[91] The species was then renamed and it was then re-published by English botanist Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston (1902-1958) in Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens (Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.) Vol.11 on page 203 in 1929.[92][93][94]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 20 January 2012.[95]

It is an RHS Accepted name and was last-listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2005.[96]

Distribution and habitat

[Franginpani vine flower buds] It is native to temperate Asia and Tropical and subtropical Asia.[97][98][99]

Range

It is native to a large area of Asia, from the Himalayas to Java.[100]

In temperate Asia, it is found within China (within the provinces of Yunnan Sheng and Guangxi).[101][102][103]

Within tropical Asia, it is found in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, (including Nicobar Islands,[104]) Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, (including the islands of Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands and Sumatra) Malaysia and the Philippines.[105][106]

It is cultivated also in Fujian and Guangdong in China.[107][108][109][110]

Habitat

It prefers to grow in moist deciduous to semi-evergreen forests.[111][112] or evergreen forests,[113] where it often clings to the trees.[114][115][116] In dense mountain forests it can reach altitudes of above sea level.[117]

Cultivation

[_Chonemorpha fragrans_ growing on a trellis in Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden. South Africa]

As the plant is semi-deciduous in subtropical areas, it can tolerate some colder temperatures (about 30 - 40°F,[118]) but will then be fully dormant during the winter months,[119][120] but it prefers a frost-free warm position.[121] It may lose leaves if temperature drops below 45°F.[122] In USA, it is hardy to between USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) and USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F).[123]

It prefers to grow in well-drained,[124] acid soils,[125] which are rich and free draining.[126] Loamy soil is the ideal soil type as it does not like poor soils.[127]

It needs ample moisture during the summer months,[128] but not constantly moist.[129]

It can grown in full or partial sun.[130][131][132] but is best in full sun,[133][134] for better flowering.[135][136]

Within the garden setting, it is best grown on large structures (such as pergolas,[137][138] trellises[139] or columns).[140] Alternatively it can naturally ramble over tall trees,[141][142][143] as they do not cling to walls.[144]

It is used to create a 'tropical' feel within the garden.[145][146]

It is a disease free,[147] and are not affected by frangipani rust.[148]

They can be grown in pots but prefer to be directly into the ground.[149]

During the winter, is the preferred time to prune to restrict the climbing growth to a manageable size.[150]

Propagation

[flowers of _Chonemorpha fragrans_ Frangipani vine in South Africa]

It is possible to propagate _Chonemorpha fragrans_ via seed.[151] These can be collected from a mature plant via paper bags placed over the flower heads. Then the pods are dried and then broken open to reveal the seeds.[152] Germination of the seed usually takes 3-6 weeks.[153] It can also be grown from cuttings.[154][155]

The only known pests of the plant, are Spider mites, which are most common if grown in greenhouses.[156]

Uses

It has been used in folk medicine to help treat various disorders.[157][158]

It is fully used (roots,[159] leaves, bark-stem,[160]) in Ayurveda (an Indian root medicine), to treat various things such as skin diseases,[161][162] leprosy,[163] scabies,[164] syphilis,[165][166] gynecological disorders,[167] inflammation, constipation, worm infestations (ascaris),[168] hyperacidity, diabetes, jaundice, coughs, bronchitis, stomach disorders,[169] intermittent fevers,[170] anaemia, typhoid, polyuria, boils, eye diseases, poisoning,[171]and bronchitis.[172] It is also used as a laxative.[173][174][175]

The crushed roots of the plant, which are sweet and bitter,[176] are used to make a decoction drink to help remove a retained placenta,[177] or to treat amebic dysentery.[178] The stem of the plant is used to treat fractures and rheumatalgia.[179] The leaves of the plant are used a churna or extract used in combination with the other plant materials.[180]

As the plant has diverse biological activities including muscle relaxant and antiparasitic properties.[181]

The plant is sometimes cultivated for the fibre that is obtained from its stem,[182] which is used to make fishing nets,[183] especially in East Java.[184]

[1]

[2] T. Pullaiah, P.B. Raghavendra, S. Karuppusamy, V. Raveendran and M. Anuradha

[3]

[4]

[5] P.K. Warrier, V.P.K. Nambiar and C. Ramankutty

[6] K. Vanangamudi, V. Anbukkarasi and M. Prabhu

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[57] Wiart Christophe

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[88]

[89] LETI, Mathieu, HUL Sovanmoly, Jean-Gabriel FOUCHÉ, CHENG Sun Kaing, Bruno DAVID, _Flore photographique du Cambodge_, Paris: Privat, 2013, p. 78.

[90]

[91]  International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/78523-1 |website=www.ipni.org |accessdate=25 July 2020}}

[92]

[93]

[94]  International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/78008-1 |website=www.ipni.org |accessdate=22 April 2020}}

[95]

[96]  /RHS Gardening |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/3769/Chonemorpha-fragrans/Details |website=www.rhs.org.uk |accessdate=25 July 2020 |language=en-gb}}

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[170] Umberto Quattrocchi

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[175] Rashtra Vardhana

[176]

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[182]

[183] Rashtra Vardhana

[184]

title: Chonemorpha fragrans

question: How high can a Chonemorpha Fragrans grow?

answer: It is not stated.

question: Where can this plant be found?

answer: In Southeast Asia.

question: How wide can the plant grow or spread?

answer: That information is missing.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Chonemorpha Fragrans is a green climbing shrub found in Southeast Asia and performs well in preferably moist deciduous to semi-evergreen forests. It can be found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (including the Nicobar Islands), Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, etc. Furthermore, it also contains alkaloids, such as 'camptothecin' (or CPT), an anti-cancer alkaloid used in producing its analogue drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types. The plant is also very commonly used in the Indian root medicine called Ayurveda.


split: train

text:
The 1863 NEW YORK STATE ELECTION was held on November 3, 1863, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

History

The Union state convention - Republicans and War Democrats which supported the Union and Abraham Lincoln's policy during the American Civil War - met on September 2 at Syracuse, New York. Ward Hunt was Temporary Chairman until the choice of Abraham Wakeman as President. Peter A. Porter was nominated for Secretary of State on the first ballot (vote: Porter 213, Chauncey Depew 140, Theophilus C. Callicot[1] 15). Thomas W. Olcott[2] for Comptroller, John Cochrane for Attorney General, George W. Schuyler for Treasurer, and Henry R. Selden [incumbent] for Judge of the Court of Appeals, were nominated by acclamation. Benjamin F. Bruce was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Bruce 220, Stephen T. Hayt 131). The incumbent William B. Taylor was re-nominated for State Engineer on the first ballot (vote: Taylor 234, J. Platt Goodsell 67, F. A. Utter 26, Charles W. Wentz 10). The incumbent James K. Bates was re-nominated for Prison Inspector by acclamation.[3] When informed of his nomination, Colonel Porter, who was commanding his troops at Baltimore, declined to run because he “wanted to serve his country in the field.”[4] Olcott also declined to run, and the State Committee substituted Depew and the incumbent Lucius Robinson on the Union ticket.

The Constitutional Union state convention met on September 9 but did not nominate a ticket.

The Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Albany, New York.

Results

The whole Union ticket was elected.

The incumbents Robinson, Taylor, Selden and Bates were re-elected. The incumbents Lewis and Wright were defeated.

21 Unionists and 11 Democrats were elected to a two-year term (1864–65) in the New York State Senate.

82 Unionists and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1864 to the New York State Assembly.

  Office                          colspan=“2” | Union ticket   colspan=“2” | Democratic ticket
  ------------------------------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------
  Secretary of State              |CHAUNCEY DEPEW              314,347
  Comptroller                     |LUCIUS ROBINSON             314,236
  Attorney General                |JOHN COCHRANE               313,865
  Treasurer                       |GEORGE W. SCHUYLER          314,303
  State Engineer                  |WILLIAM B. TAYLOR           314,362
  Judge of the Court of Appeals   |HENRY R. SELDEN             313,327
  Canal Commissioner              |BENJAMIN F. BRUCE           313,840
  Inspector of State Prisons      |JAMES K. BATES              314,093

  : _' 1863 state election results_'

Sources

-   Result in _The Tribune Almanac_ compiled by Horace Greeley of the _New York Tribune_
-   Result _The State Election_ in NYT on December 5, 1863

Notes

[1] Callicot was the controversial Democratic Speaker of the Assembly of this year.

[2] Thomas Worth Olcott, father of Frederic P. Olcott who was State Comptroller from 1877 to 1879.

[3] _THE UNION STATE CONVENTION_ in NYT on September 3, 1863

[4] _Obituary: COL. PETER A. PORTER_ in NYT on June 5, 1864

title: 1863 New York state election

question: What positions were up for election in the 1863 New York State Election?

answer: The positions up for election were Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons. All members of the New York State Assembly and the State Senate were up for election as well.

question: On what day did the election occur?

answer: The election took place on November 3.

question: Who were the Unionists?

answer: The Unionists were Republicans and War Democrats who supported the Union and Abraham Lincoln's policy during the American Civil War.

question: How many Democrats were elected to the New York State Senate?

answer: 11 Democrats were elected to the New York State Senate.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The 1863 New York State election was held on 1863. The entire Union ticket was elected.


text:
Real Madrid president, Florentino Pérez, left the executive's balcony at the Santiago Bernabeu following his side's victory over Viktoria Plzen in a foul mood. He had one thing on his mind: sack Julen Lopetegui. Despite the victory it was another poor performance from Los Blancos and Perez had seen enough. It was time to get rid of the former Spain coach.

 25/10/2018

Upd. on 26/10/2018 at 13:47 CEST

Sport EN

However, according to 'El Confidencial', Real Madrid's general director Jose Angel Sanchez and some other executive met with Perez and were able to calm him down. They told the president it wouldn't be a good idea to sack Lopetegui at this moment in time. Sanchez is someone Florentino admires a lot and he told the president to wait until at least El Clasico before making a decision.

Amongst other things, Sanchez made Perez realise that it'd be difficult to find a replacement for Lopetegui and to not rush into making a decision before El Clasico. It was at this point, according to the same source, that Perez acknowledged the executive's points and decided against sacking Lopetegui then and there.

question: Who is Florentino Perez?

answer: Florentino Perez is Read Madrid's president.

question: Who is Julen Lopetegui?

answer: Not explicitly stated, but it seems as though Julen Lopetegui is the coach of Real Madrid.

question: Who is Jose Angel Sanchez?

answer: Jose Angel Sanchez is Real Madrid's general director.

question: Why would sacking Lopetegui at this moment in time be a bad idea?

answer: It would be difficult to find a replacement for Lopetegui without rushing into making a decision before El Clasico.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Despite a victory over Viktoria Plzen, Real Madrid president Florentino Perez left the stands with the intention of sacking Julen Lopetegui. However, after speaking with some executives, Perez agreed that they would wait until at least El Clasico to make a decision.


text:
_NEANDERTHALS, BANDITS AND FARMERS: HOW AGRICULTURE REALLY BEGAN_ is a book on prehistoric agriculture and anthropology by the British science writer Colin Tudge.

The book is one of a series of long essays by respected contemporary Darwinian thinkers, which were published under the collective title _Darwinism Today_. The series was inspired by a course of 'Darwin Seminars' which took place at the London School of Economics−LSE in London in the late 1990s. [1]

In _Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers_, Colin Tudge offers an explanation for the beginning of the population explosion. Tudge explains that farming was not suddenly invented 10,000 years ago, but had existed as what he called proto-farming or hobby farming for at least 30,000 years earlier. What happened 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent was the raising of sea level at the end of the last ice age over a relatively short period of time. This forced a population who were primarily hunter-gatherers to leave a rich prey region and to move inland. The new area was less able to support these immigrants as hunter-gatherers, and they were forced to increase their labors to extend their use of farming in order to maintain their population.

The following quote gives Tudge's explanation for what happened next:

    “Hunter gatherers take from their environment only what their environment happens to produce; and if they take too much, the desirable prey species collapse. [...] But the whole point of agriculture is to manipulate the environment so as to increase the amount of food that it will provide. [...] And if you increase the food supply, you can increase your own population. But then, of course, the farmers find themselves in a vicious spiral. The more they farm, the more their population rises and the more they are obliged to farm, because only by farming can they feed the extra mouths.”

[1] LSE.uk: The London School of Economics Darwin Seminars

title: Neanderthals, Bandits and Farmers

question: How did agriculture really begin?

answer: It really began 30,000 years ago through proto-farming.

question: What happened after the population explosion?

answer: The farmers found themselves in a cycle. With more mouths to feed, they had to farm more.

question: How old would you estimate this book to be?

answer: It is probably around 20 years old.

question: Explain " only by farming can they feed the extra mouths".

answer: There was a population boom due to the increased amount of food supply, but this meant there were more mouths to feed. However, they now had to farm even more due to the extra people.


text:
I am a first time poster here and unsure if this sub frowns on linking to my own site. A heads up would be nice. In the mean time. Here is a story I wrote in 2008 about socks. It has been denied publication after sitting in slush piles 10 or 12 times. My website is [joerdie.com](www.joerdie.com). The first half is below, the second is the first post as the story is over 10k. Thanks!

I looked down to see two drops of blood on the green carpet. They had come from my nose, and there would be more. The clerk, a woman in her 40's, began walking toward me from the counter with a concerned look on her face. It occurred to me that she may find it odd that I was standing in the sock aisle, with a nose bleed, after closing time, at a Boy Scout Store.

My love affair with the Boy Scout sock started innocently enough. I had graduated from Cub Scouts into Boy Scouts in the fall of 1990, around the time I turned ten. Reading about the BSA (Boy Scouts of America) now, I can only imagine the amount of angst within its ranks. The membership controversies over sexual abuse, homosexuality, and religion make me wonder if I will let my son join. But my time with the Scouts was nothing but sunny skies and clean, safe times. Well, mostly anyway. There was that one summer camp when my patrol leader ran out of cigarettes and gave us all tea leaves wrapped in parchment paper saying, "Look, it's the same thing, okay?" Or the time that we filled another Scout's bellybutton with tooth paste the first night of a trip. A week later, we watched in horror as the same scout took off his shirt before jumping in the pool. The once green and white toothpaste had turned black and molded into the folds of his overweight... folds. Or the time that we wiped an entire can of catfish bait under another scout's tent at the National Jamboree. The poor kid smelled like a cow pasture for the rest of the week. Even at my wedding a Boy Scout story was told, about earning my wilderness survival merit badge when my best man and I rolled over one another down a hill because we decided to sleep on too sharp an incline. (Many in my family already thought that I may be gay. The story of two boys rolling over one another down a hill didn?t help.) The Boy Scouts was a great experience for me, filled with excitement and adventure.

I earned the rank of Life before dropping out and clearly remember the night that I told my scoutmaster I was leaving the troop. I cried and stuttered. I knew I was never going to make Eagle. It wasn't in me. I had been drifting away from Troop 674 for a year. It was my time to leave. I grew out of my uniform. I left the dreams of Eagle behind me. I even started growing my hair to lengths the Beatles would never have gotten away with. But I never took off those socks. When I started with the Scouts, the uniform sock was worn up to the knee, puce green, and had a three-inch red rim that was meant to be folded over. A uniform change in the early 1990's brought the red trim to a logical half inch. That sock was the one I fell in love with. It was called "The Boy Scout Crew Sock," but was changed later to, "Boy Scout Thorlo Hiking Sock." The sturdy socks were made from a blend of acrylic, nylon, and spandex. If you bought them from an official Boy Scout store they were treated with Triclosan, an antibacterial, antifungal agent that stopped odors and athlete's foot dead in its tracks. The sock wicked sweat away from the foot and into the shoe. You could hike all day without an extra pair and never give it a second thought. You never had to wear two pairs to stop blisters. These socks were thick and clung to your foot with the force of super glue. They were, by far, the best sock ever produced.

I haven't worn another sock since their release. I wore them to job interviews, funerals, and of course, hiking. I wore them on my first date, wedding, and to the birth of my child. Every year, my mother bought a few more pairs at Christmas, and I waited until they were beyond threadbare to throw them away. I gave serious thought to learning how to darn socks just to make old pairs new. Ask anyone who knows me well about my clothing. Invariably, my socks will come up. But I never learned how to darn socks. I never savored the pairs I owned. Standing in that aisle at the back of the Boy Scout Store, I came to the realization that my sock was not there. After eighteen years, the uniform had changed, and left me in the cold.

That's when my nose started to bleed. I was tempted to bolt to my car at the speed of shame, my embarrassment following a few seconds behind. I pictured myself in the car, nursing my nose with an old Wendy's napkin from the glove box for almost a minute before a knock on the window would catch up with me. That's when I saw the woman with the concerned look walking toward me.

title: Short Story: Memories, Blood, and Socks.

question: What does the story say about the narrator's sentimental attachment to Boy Scout socks?

answer: When the narrator was a young boy recruited into the Boy Scouts, he was very fond of Boy Scout socks, otherwise called Boy Scout Thorlo Hiking Sock. The socks were made from comfortable material treated with Triclosan, and they made him remember the exciting times he had being a Boy Scout. His fun memories include filling a scout member's belly button with toothpaste which later got rotten, emptying a can of catfish bait under the tent of a fellow scout member, causing him to smell like cow pastures, and the time their patrol leader gave them tea leaves wrapped in parchment paper when he ran out of cigarettes. As a grown-up, he always wore those socks to every occasion in his life. He never failed to bring up his socks in any conversation, which explains how much the socks meant to him.

question: What does the story say about the assumptions of Boy Scout activities and homosexuality?

answer: Over time, the Boy Scout organization changed. With the narrator's research about the Boy Scouts of America, he found that general membership controversies regarding homosexuality and sexual abuse in camps are a cause for concern for any parent. At a point, the narrator recollected how his family members presumed he was gay when he was a Boy Scout. Even at his wedding, his best man told the story of how they both rolled over each other over a hill one time in camp, which seemed to aggravate his family's suspicions further. What seemed like childish activities indicated homosexual tendencies, even though the possibilities are not entirely ruled out in any Boy Scout camp.


text:
By removing barriers and intermediaries, BCharity platform demonstrates modern applications of blockchain technology for the contribution to the success of humanity going forward.

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The BCharity platform represents a global network of organizations and philanthropists, based on the world’s newest asset class to ensure maximum donation output. As cryptocurrencies are unrelated to governments, banks or other financial institutions, the cryptofunds transfers cannot be withheld or cancelled that makes all transactions instantaneous.

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Seeking to satisfy both traditional fiat currency and modern cryptocurrency users, the platform is going to implement a two-ways solution to receive donations. BCharity users who represent charitable funds, organizations or individuals, will be able to withdraw received donations in their BCharity accounts.

The withdrawal of funds from the platform will be made to Ethereum wallets, which are able to accept tokens of the standard Ethereum ERC20. With the help of exchanges, the BCharity exchange network and strategic locations globally, individuals will also be able to exchange cryptocurrency for fiat, to best utilize the funds by those who need it.

Additionally, the platform will address the language barrier. As soon as English is the most widely accepted language globally, placement of requests for charity fundraising will be made in two languages: in native language of people in need, and in English. In case a person does not have the opportunity, or knowledge, to publish the request in English, they can use “BCharity Translate”. This initiative allows individuals who know different languages but unable to make financial donations to devote their time while becoming an integral part of the global charity eco-system.

The BCharity platform is going to collect funds for further project’s development via ICO that will be launched in June 2018.  For that purpose, the company issues utility BCharity Tokens (CHAR), which are smart contracts based on Ethereum. The BCharity Token can be purchased with all the major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin Сlassic, Ethereum, DASH, Litecoin, ZCash, Ripple and Monero.

 Blockchain News, News, Token Sales

[Sofiko Abeslamidze]
Sofiko is a freelance fintech copywriter at Coinspeaker. With a Bachelor degree in International Business and Economics, Sofiko has been deepening her knowledge of an agile innovative industry primary focusing on the robust blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. As a bank employee, Sofiko particularly keens on crypto and blockchain integration into the established banking systems.

question: What does the article say about using cryptocurrency to donate to charities?

answer: The biggest challenge faced by charitable organizations is a lack of transparency, especially when it comes to funds transfers. The implementation of blockchain and cryptocurrency technologies sheds light on the giving process, disrupting traditional methods of charity. Decentralization helps overcome barriers preventing donors from giving and will accelerate the evolution of "unbreakable trust and fully transparent" donations. The platform BCharity utilizes blockchain technology to open up decentralization for charitable purposes. As cryptocurrencies are unrelated to governments, banks, or other financial institutions, cryptofunds transfers cannot be withheld or cancelled. BCharity empowers donors to make instantaneous donations. Withdrawal of funds will be made to Ethereum wallets which can accept tokends of standard ERC20 protocol.


text:
It had been thought that nothing intangible could ever take the place of actually feeling and experiencing events in life. Video games were great for an escape, but couldn't beat experiencing something important to a person. Sure people had dreamed of the concept of a virtual reality for well over a century. The idea was first made popular to the masses by a movie 150 years ago called The Matrix, where all that one experienced was essentially a program made to appear real.

And so it went until 2130 when man finally made a respectable attempt at merging themselves with technology. The body we learned could truly be but a vessel delivering the mind to a place falling between reality and dreams. All thanks to one company - OmniLife - which made the first virtual reality chamber, called a Cocoon. When the amount of money at stake made evident by the consumers money couldn't be raised fast enough from entrepreneurs looking to cash in on the next craze. This huge financial backing led to the product developing faster then anyone anticipated. The research made another break-through seemingly every month and never really slowed down.

Huge companies, GE, IBM, and many others had their own version of the nuclear arms race of the 2100s, except it was much more harmless then that, companies today were racing with cocoon applications. Still the technology was as cutting edge as it could get.

There were black market apps made, though no one really knew exactly who made them. The more risque experiences of life were now available. They were relatively harmless at first, and as long as you knew someone to "jailbreak" - excuse the old 2010 phrase - your cocoon for you then these more morally ambiguous experiences could be had.

Churches shunned Cocoons as evil, and the faithful resisted for a while. But when cocoon apps began to bring the bible's lessons to the coon-world many churches used them as a tool for teaching. But even for the faithful the other apps were too tempting. Nearly everyone began to incorporate them into their weekends. It was pure pleasure.

Most people recognized the dangerous possibilities that arose from these new time consuming machines. Yet everything had been alright so far, so most people didn't bother creating any stir in regards to taking measures to avoid the downsides that co-inside with Cocoons. Society had their fun right in front of them, resisting was too hard, and the companies too large.

Next thing you know the majority of Americans spent 50% of their weekends in a cocoon. People stop showing up for jobs. There was software for just about everything - fucking, swimming, shopping, even for sleeping - a random, somewhat nonsensical software played like a dream.

The black market developed a much darker side - rape, murders, torture, riots - it could all be done in the virtual world, twisting already twisted minds further and allowing the depraved to get their first taste of blood. When those sick people had their crimes down in the virtual world they wanted to cause real people pain. Thousands began to go missing.

Cocoons weren't all bad - quite the contrary most were relatively clean fun. Cave v3.2 was the best selling software of 2142 - the cave went on for years of playing time, it was extraordinary. Clean experiences which were too dangerous, or simply unobtainable, for any ordinary person were there for the taking. Climbing Mt. Everest could be "done" by a 400 pound man with asthma. Sure there wasn't the feeling of accomplishment, but the view was spectacular.

As the apps for cocooning became more sophisticated it began to dominate the life of the majority of Americans. The technology developed and while at one time only the basic parts of taste could be had - sweet and sour - now eating food in the virtual world was indistinguishable from real life. Touch became increasingly refined too, silk felt like real silk, and skin felt like real skin. Society spent more and more time in the coon-world.

It wasn't good for humanity. Why cut your grass when you can cocoon? Why work? The cocoons were quickly regulated, and no longer was it a private industry, but the government now made the cocoons. Time limits were installed and for a few years things began to return to normal. People were angry with the government though, they had their lives inside the cocoon to get back to. There was an uprising. Suddenly people were being taken from their homes by those sworn to protect us, forced into cocoons which gave the experience of civil unrest, such as riots, but the app ended by giving the user a truly horrific experience so that no one would think a riot would be a good idea. Still the civil uprising won and the regulations were gone.

Something had to be done, there were still the people who chose to live a real life. No one had any answers. Cocoon users began attaching feeding tubes to cocoons, as well as other medical tools so that people's bodies didn't degrade into just skin and bone from those who refused to exit their cocoons even for nourishment or medication. It was everything that we all feared, but only few spoke about a decade ago. No one knew what to do.

The government had a secret meeting and a decision was made "for the greater good."

91% of the population cocooned with an average of 92% of their time. But the few people who decided to live life in reality began to notice a difference in cocooners even when they weren't cocooning. They seemed to be much more mellow, with a low range of moods, it was like they were on auto-run. No one who cocooned noticed the difference, they were essentially hypnotized.

Hospital workers then began to notice a correlation between the disease of Uralomex (a horrific alzheimer's like disease) and cocoon users. Since any evidence of the correlation was stuck in the hospital's government produced software, there was only the word of doctors and nurses - the few who didn't cocoon at all - to explain the worrying new trend. People began to die by the millions.

*I wasn't sure where to go from here. Thanks for reading if you got this far. I would love to expand on any advice about on what direction to take. I'll write a more concrete ending tomorrow but for now that is the ending.*

title: Virtually Lifeless

question: What year is the story based in?

answer: The story is based in the year 2130.

question: What were the black market apps made for?

answer: The black market apps were for a more risque experience of life. They developed virtual experiences for the dark world- murders, rapes, torture, riots.

question: What all dangers did the new machines pose?

answer: The people who cocooned has a low range of moods as if they were on auto-run, people started suffering from a disease named Uralomex (like Alzheimers.)

question: What is cocooning?

answer: Cocooning is a way to live in virtual reality.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
In the year 2130, a company named OmniLife made the first virtual reality chamber, named Cocoon. The Cocoon let people have experiences they couldn't have in reality. Soon, the black market developed for the darker experiences of life.

With further advancements, the use of cocoons become extensive. People started losing their ability to feel emotions, some started suffering from Uralomex while millions lost their lives.


text:
KARL FELIX HALM (also _Carl_; _Karl Felix Ritter von Halm_ after 1872; 5 April 1809 – 5 October 1882), was a German classical scholar and critic.

Life

He was born at Munich. In 1849, having held appointments at Speyer and Hadamar, he became rector of the newly founded _Maximiliansgymnasium_ at Munich, and in 1856 director of the royal library and professor in the University of Munich. These posts he held till his death.

Works

Halm is known chiefly as the editor of Cicero and other Latin prose authors, although during his early career he also devoted considerable attention to Greek. After the death of JC Orelli, he joined JG Baiter in the preparation of a revised critical edition of the rhetorical and philosophical writings of Cicero (1854–1862). His school editions of some of the speeches of Cicero in the Haupt and Sauppe series, with notes and introductions, were very successful. He also edited a number of classical texts for the Teubner series, the most important of which are Tacitus (4th ed., 1883); _Rhetores Latini minores_ (1863); Quintilian (1868); Sulpicius Severus (1866); _Minucius Felix_ together with _Firmicus Maternus De errore_ (1867); _Salvianus_ (1877) and Victor Vitensis's _Historia persecutionis Africanae provinciae_ (1878). He was also an enthusiastic collector of autographs.

title: Karl Felix Halm

question: How were Halm's posts as director and professor so influential in his career?

answer: Halm held these posts until his death.


text:
I never told this story to anyone.  Frankly, nobody would believe me.  I wouldn't believe me either.  I mean I'm in New York so people just automatically assume you're full of shit.  Hell, I'm on the internet so there's probably someone out there thinking the same thing.  But this happened....

I had a dog named Ares.  He wasn't the biggest dog but he was very protective of me.  He would always lie down in front of me when I played games or read a book.  I remember when I walked him, he would bark at approaching strangers.  Seriously, he would bark at any approaching stranger until I told him to calm down.  Granted, I didn't live in the nicest of neighborhoods so in hindsight I suppose some good may have come from it, but I digress.  Ares could be hostile but he was friendly I swear.  If I approved you and he got to know your scent, he would let you pet him and he would lick your hand.  He would even wake me up by licking my face.  Actually it was a bit annoying but I figured that's how he showed affection so I didn't mind much.

Anyway, I was 13 at the time.  I just started High School and I was getting picked on.  Let's just say that I was less than fit although that would be an understatement.  Hell, I was probably close to 200 lbs at 5'2.  That said, my hefty stature made me the target of bullying and frankly, there was nothing I could really do about it.  One of the bullies even lived pretty close to me so he would sometimes bother me until I got home, which was about a 15 minute walk from the train station.  You know the type, though, I'm sure; seems like the perfect gentlemen around adults but an ass otherwise.  I mean I could start working out and stuff but that would have taken quite a while.  That said, I did have some friends.

Well one day, two of my friends came over to my place and we started playing Halo.  Just a couple of guys hanging out, playing Halo, dicking around, trash talking each other and talking about random shit.   One of the things that came up was people bullying me.  One of my friends told me to just ignore it which I've been doing but the other one told me to sick Ares on them.  Well Ares just kind of looked at me, as if wondering why his name was said.  I told him not to worry and just pet him and that was the end of that.

So fast forward a little bit and it's winter.  New York winters suck.  Especially when there's snow.  Everything turns to slush.  This year, there was a fair amount of snow so everything was particularly gross.   Honestly I hate going outside when the out when it's like that but I had to walk Ares so I went out.  Apparently so did my bully.

I decided to pretend not to see him and turned to walk in the other direction.  The thing is, he saw me.  So he called out to me and when I didn't respond, he threw an ice ball at the back of my head.  I flinched.  Ares lost it.  He broke out of his leash and jumped at the guy.  The guy, he jetted across the street just as the lights turned.  Ares, he wasn't so lucky.  When he was halfway across the street, Ares got hit by a car and died shortly thereafter.  My bully?  He left the scene.  I suppose he ran back home but I'm not sure.  I just watched over Ares, crying as he died.

We buried Ares the next day in our back yard along with his favorite toys.  Now that I think about it, I have no idea if that's actually legal but whatever.  I wanted him there.  He would always be family to me.  I stayed home from school for the next few days to mourn.

Well when I went back, my bully he bothered me about it.  About how I was unfit to own a pet.  That Ares died because of my incompetence.  That was when I snapped.  I lunged at him and punched him the face.  Heh... that's what I wish I did.  I couldn't do anything about it.  The guy was bigger than me, stronger.  I... I was a coward.  Ares was dead and I could not do anything for him.  On some level, I guess I thought he was right.

Apparently, Ares thought differently.  My bully never made it home.  In one of the three blocks between home and the train station.  My bully was apparently mauled to death by what they said looked like some wild dog.   I didn't believe that shit.  That wasn't the greatest neighborhood but I don't remember seeing any wild dogs here and I lived there for most of my life.

That night, I sat on my bed and asked out loud if it was Ares.  There was no response.  I figured as much.  The supernatural seems totally faulty of course.  I went to sleep thinking about Ares.  That night, I dreamed a very vivid dream.  I was walking Ares again, my dear friend.  God I miss him.  It's a simple dream, just us walking down the usual routes.  I woke up that day with my face covered in what felt like dog slobber.

I think that was Ares' way of just acknowledging that it was him.  I have no proof.  But the other bullies stopped bullying me.  I have no idea why.  I just assumed that was because one of their group died.  Recently though, I found out from one of my friends, for some reason they started calling me the creepy dog guy.  I don't know.  But I love Ares.

title: My Dog Ares

question: Explain what caused the narrator to be a target of bullying?

answer: His hefty stature.

question: Why didn't the narrator do anything in response to the bully bothering him about his dead dog?

answer: The narrator felt like a coward since the bully was bigger and stronger.

question: How did Ares, the dog, die?

answer: Ares chased after the bully across the street and got hit by a car.

question: Explain what happened to the bully after Ares died.

answer: While the bully was walking home, he was mauled to death by a wild dog. The narrator believed it to have been Ares in the afterlife.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
The narrator is bullied in high school because of his hefty stature. During one the bully's attacks, the narrator's dog, Ares chasing after bully across the street and gets hit by a car.
The bully continues by pestering the narrator about his dead dog. The tables turn and on the bully's walk home, he gets mauled by a wild dog. The narrator believes it to have been Ares in the afterlife.


text:
Lieutenant-Colonel THOMAS HUMPHREY BROOKE (31 January 1914 – 24 December 1988) was a British civil servant and art historian. He was a Monuments Man during the Second World War, then deputy director of London's Tate Gallery and secretary of the Royal Academy from 1952 to 1968. Serious depression in his 50s led to his early retirement, after which he became “an internationally acknowledged expert on roses”.

Early life

Humphrey Brooke was born on 31 January 1914 into a family of Yorkshire wool millers.[1] He was educated at Wellington College and Magdalen College, University of Oxford, where he graduated with a first in modern history.[2]

Career

During the Second World War, Brooke worked in Italy with the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and did further such work in 1946 in Austria.[3]

He was deputy director of London's Tate Gallery, and then Secretary of the Royal Academy from 1952 to 1968.[4][5][6] In 1960, he declared that a by painting believed to have been painted by Andrea del Verrocchio was actually painted by Leonardo da Vinci, making it the oldest known painting by da Vinci.[7]

Serious manic depression led to his early retirement, after which he became “an internationally acknowledged expert on roses”.[8] He grew over 500 varieties of roses at his home, Lime Kiln in Suffolk, and in 1971 opened Lime Kiln to the public, calling it “the first rosarium in Great Britain”.[9][10] Brooke thought that his manic depression “could only be cured by sex and smoking”.[11][12] He studied many other historical figures who may have suffered from manic depression, and was particularly interested in Somerset County Cricket Club batsman Harold Gimblett.[13] In 1982, Brooke wrote an article for _The Observer_ about his illness, which received over 150 responses.[14]

Personal life

Brooke married Nathalie Benckendorff, who he met in Austria after the war while working as a monuments man. Her mother was the harpist Maria Korchinska.[15][16] Benckendorff's grandfather, Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff, was the Russian Empire's last ambassador to the UK.[17] Brooke was friends with fellow East Anglian rosarian Peter Beales.[18]

Brooke died on 24 December 1988.[19] A portrait of Brooke smoking by Olwyn Bowey hangs at the Royal Academy.[20]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

title: Humphrey Brooke (art historian)

question: When was Brooke born?

answer: January 31, 1914

question: Where did Brooke graduate from?

answer: Wellington College and Magdalen College, University of Oxford

question: Who did Brooke marry?

answer: Nathalie Benckendorff

question: Why did Brook retire early?

answer: He suffered from serious manic depression

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Humphrey Brooke was a British civil servant and art historian. During WWII, he was a Monuments Man in Italy and Austria. He retired early due to serious manic depression and became an expert on roses. He was married to Nathalie Benckendorff, who he met in Austria while working as a monuments man. He was born in 1914 and died in 1988.


text:
On April 18th, a broadcast appeared on the television before me, and my breath hitched. Everything around me stopped: the people crossing the road while maybe I should be as well, or maybe my legs were moving without me realizing it? I’d become petrified.

My best friend, Aidan, had been found dead in his bedroom from an overdose of sleeping pills. Seeing his face so blissful on the screen made everything around me rampantly snap back to reality, and I felt overwhelmed. All I could do was walk in whatever general direction I thought home was.

	It’s funny, really: whenever someone chooses to bring their own life to an end, they always seem so happy in the images the news channel decides to add in. It’s fake; if they were pushed to that point, the person was never truly that happy around then.

                   ~Three Years Ago~

“Ness, are you okay?” a boy with choppy black hair sat down beside me while I’d bawled my eyes out on the bench. “N-no, my puppy died… He got hit trying to chase me to the bus stop,” the thought had made me cry even more. He sat in silence for a bit, before jumping up and dragging me toward town. “W-what?!” I was so dishevelled; I didn’t want anyone to see me. “C’mon! If you’re sad, I’ll distract you!” Aidan smiled like he believed in everything he said. That everything would always work out.

The death of my puppy had felt so implacable at that time, like nothing else could ever hurt more. I’ve never been so wrong – Aidan was so stoical whenever I’d seen him; it was like the only emotion he ever felt was contentedness. Even when his grandfather had passed away he had only frowned and then remained optimistic for his grandfather’s afterlife.

A few times, I had tried to get under Aidan’s skin to see if he was hiding any negativity underneath. I always quickly gave up, however, because he would always find ways to prove to me that everything was okay. Looking back, I really should have pushed a little harder to satisfy my qualms. Evidently, something was disturbing him. I wondered how well Aidan slept at night. Then again, he was there whenever I’d texted because I was really down and out, no matter how early in the morning it was.

I felt so betrayed… I’d even tried to emulate Aidan on a few occasions, because he had an aptitude for cheering people up and brightening the mood. Memories kept coming back to me even when I tried my best to push them out. No matter where I turned or how much the falling rain blocked my sight, I kept seeing Aidan standing there in the places we’d once frequented. I just don’t understand. What was he lacking? I doubt it was sustenance; his home life was great: Aidan’s parents are wonderful people. They even treated me as if I were their second daughter. Aidan was well-liked in school, too, by students and professors alike. His future was so propitious.

I had a nightmare tonight about finding Aidan’s body full of blood, and even then he was still smiling, telling me he would be okay. I screamed because the sight was just too unbelievable, and then all of a sudden my surroundings changed. I was surrounded by mirrors, and Aidan was reflected, smiling just like always. Then I lost it. I frantically smashed every mirror I could find until I realized they were endless, which led to me waking up in bed. Too nerved up to fall back to sleep, I wandered downstairs and found a note in front of the living room mirror. I picked it up.

“Vanessa, I am so, so sorry… if you don’t know what I’m apologizing for, you will soon. Even if you resent me for this, I just want you to know that I’m okay. I’ll be okay, wherever I go. I won’t forget you; it wasn’t anyone’s fault so please don’t let anyone feel responsible. Know that it wasn’t because you didn’t try hard enough to question me because I wouldn’t have told you anyway. It’s just something that couldn’t be helped… I’ll be happier now.
I love you. ~ Aidan. April 17th, 10:42 p.m.

I couldn’t find the words to express how I was feeling. I just stared into the mirror before me, until my reflection cracked and tears streamed down both sides of my cheeks, dropping onto the floor and shattering like glass.

    “At least you’re happy, Aidan… good–bye.”
Maybe I’ll see you again, someday.

title: Flash-Back Short [Emotional] ( My Girlfriend has wrote this and wants thoughts on it )

question: Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: Vanessa and Aidan

question: When did the story take place?

answer: April 18th.

question: How did Aidan die?

answer: Overdose of sleeping pills.

question: What is Aidan's relationship with Vanessa?

answer: They are best friends.

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: On April 18, Vanessa's best friend, Aidan, commits suicide and she learns about it on TV, leaving her stunned. She feels betrayed because Aidan didn't tell her anything or show any outward signs of distress. Vanessa recalls how Aidan cheered her up when her puppy got run over three years ago, and how he can always remain positive despite the circumstances. Aidan had a great life and his future was bright. Vanessa feels bad because she didn't try hard enough to get under Aidan's skin so she can find out if there was anything bothering him. After having a nightmare about Aidan, Vanessa finds a letter he wrote the day before, April 17th, apologizing and saying his death wasn't anyone's fault. He says he loves her and he'll be happier now.


text:
The 2017 AUSTRALIAN GRAND PRIX (formally known as the 2017 FORMULA 1 ROLEX AUSTRALIAN GRAND PRIX) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 26 March 2017 in Melbourne. The race was contested over fifty-seven laps of the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and was the first round of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race marked the 82nd race in the combined history of the Australian Grand Prix – which dates back to the 100 Miles Road Race of 1928 – and the 22nd time the event was held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit. The reigning World Champion Nico Rosberg was the winner of the 2016 race, but he did not defend his win as he retired from the sport after the 2016 season.[1][2]

Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole, matching Ayrton Senna's record of six pole positions in Australia.[3] Sebastian Vettel won the race, which was his and Ferrari's first win since the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix.[4] Hamilton finished second, with Valtteri Bottas completing the podium in third on his début for Mercedes.[5]

The race was also Ferrari's first win at the track since the 2007 edition.

Report

Background

Circuit modifications

With the technical regulations undergoing a revision for the 2017 season,[6] the FIA requested that every circuit on the calendar undergo revisions to update safety features.[7] Organisers of the race introduced Tecpro barriers to the run-off areas at the fastest points of the circuit, and re-profiled tyre barriers.[8]

Driver changes

Before the beginning of the third free practice session, Sauber announced that Pascal Wehrlein would not start the race. Wehrlein had sustained a back injury in an accident at the Race of Champions during the winter pre-season. Although Wehrlein was certified as fit to take part in the Grand Prix ahead of the first practice session, he withdrew as a precaution, citing the increased physical demands of the 2017 specification of cars and the lack of sustained running during pre-season testing as compromising his ability to complete a full race distance. He was replaced by Antonio Giovinazzi for the third session, qualifying and the race.[9]

Lance Stroll made his Formula One début with Williams.[10] Giovinazzi and Stroll were the only rookies in the field, with Stoffel Vandoorne at McLaren starting his first full season in the sport after a one-off appearance at the 2016 Bahrain Grand Prix and Esteban Ocon at Force India starting his first full season in the sport after starting the last 9 races of the season.[11]

Tyres

Pirelli supplied the teams with ultrasoft, supersoft and soft tyres. Usually, teams are allowed to choose an individual selection of thirteen different sets for every driver. However, due to the selection deadline falling before the pre-season test when teams were first able to drive with the new compounds, Pirelli allocated every driver the same sets. These were seven sets of ultrasoft, four sets of supersoft and two sets of soft tyres.[12]

Classification

Qualifying

                             Driver              Constructor
  --------------------- ---- ------------------- --------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----
  Q1                    Q2   Q3
  1                     44   Lewis Hamilton      Mercedes                    1:24.191   1:23.251
  2                     5    Sebastian Vettel    Ferrari                     1:25.210   1:23.401
  3                     77   Valtteri Bottas     Mercedes                    1:24.514   1:23.215
  4                     7    Kimi Räikkönen      Ferrari                     1:24.352   1:23.376
  5                     33   Max Verstappen      Red Bull Racing-TAG Heuer   1:24.482   1:24.092
  6                     8    Romain Grosjean     Haas-Ferrari                1:25.419   1:24.718
  7                     19   Felipe Massa        Williams-Mercedes           1:25.099   1:24.597
  8                     55   Carlos Sainz Jr.    Toro Rosso                  1:25.542   1:24.997
  9                     26   Daniil Kvyat        Toro Rosso                  1:25.970   1:24.864
  10                    3    Daniel Ricciardo                                1:25.383   1:23.989
  11                    11   Sergio Pérez        Force India-Mercedes        1:25.064   1:25.081
  12                    27   Nico Hülkenberg     Renault                     1:24.975   1:25.091
  13                    14   Fernando Alonso     McLaren-Honda               1:25.872   1:25.425
  14                    31   Esteban Ocon        Force India-Mercedes        1:26.009   1:25.568
  15                    9    Marcus Ericsson     Sauber-Ferrari              1:26.236   1:26.465
  16                    36                       Sauber-Ferrari              1:26.419
  17                    20   Kevin Magnussen     Haas-Ferrari                1:26.847
  18                    2    Stoffel Vandoorne   McLaren-Honda               1:26.858
  19                    18   Lance Stroll        Williams-Mercedes           1:27.143
  20                    30   Jolyon Palmer       Renault                     1:28.244
  107% time: 1:30.084
  Source:[13]

Notes:

-    – Daniel Ricciardo and Lance Stroll received five-place grid penalties for unscheduled gearbox changes.[14][15]

Race

[Sebastian Vettel won the race for Scuderia Ferrari.]

                     Driver              Constructor                 Laps   Time/Retired   Grid   Points
  ------------- ---- ------------------- --------------------------- ------ -------------- ------ --------
  1             5    SEBASTIAN VETTEL    FERRARI                     57     1:24:11.672    2      25
  2             44   LEWIS HAMILTON      MERCEDES                    57     +9.975         1      18
  3             77   VALTTERI BOTTAS     MERCEDES                    57     +11.250        3      15
  4             7    KIMI RÄIKKÖNEN      FERRARI                     57     +22.393        4      12
  5             33   MAX VERSTAPPEN                                  57     +28.827        5      10
  6             19   FELIPE MASSA        WILLIAMS-MERCEDES           57     +1:23.386      7      8
  7             11   SERGIO PÉREZ        FORCE INDIA-MERCEDES        56     +1 Lap         10     6
  8             55   CARLOS SAINZ JR.    TORO ROSSO                  56     +1 Lap         8      4
  9             26   DANIIL KVYAT        TORO ROSSO                  56     +1 Lap         9      2
  10            31   ESTEBAN OCON        FORCE INDIA-MERCEDES        56     +1 Lap         13     1
  11            27   Nico Hülkenberg     Renault                     56     +1 Lap         11
  12            36                       Sauber-Ferrari              55     +2 Laps        16
  13            2    Stoffel Vandoorne   McLaren-Honda               55     +2 Laps        18
  Ret           14   Fernando Alonso     McLaren-Honda               50     Broken floor   12
  Ret           20   Kevin Magnussen     Haas-Ferrari                46     Suspension     17
  Ret           18   Lance Stroll        Williams-Mercedes           40     Brakes         20
  Ret           3    Daniel Ricciardo    Red Bull Racing-TAG Heuer   25     Fuel cell      PL
  Ret           9    Marcus Ericsson     Sauber-Ferrari              21     Hydraulics     14
  Ret           30   Jolyon Palmer       Renault                     15     Brakes         19
  Ret           8    Romain Grosjean     Haas-Ferrari                13     Water leak     6      |+
  Source:[16]

Notes

-    – Daniel Ricciardo started the race from pit lane after his car stopped on the way to the grid and could not be restarted in time for the formation lap.

Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

                 Driver             Points
  -------------- ------------------ --------
  1              Sebastian Vettel   25
  2              Lewis Hamilton     18
  3              Valtteri Bottas    15
  4              Kimi Räikkönen     12
  5                                 10
  Source: [17]

Constructors' Championship standings

                 Constructor            Points
  -------------- ---------------------- --------
  1              Ferrari                37
  2              Mercedes               33
  3                                     10
  4              Williams-Mercedes      8
  5              Force India-Mercedes   7
  Source: [18]

-   NOTE: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

title: 2017 Australian Grand Prix

question: What is the 2017 Australian Grand Prix?

answer: The 2017 Australian Grand Prix is a Formula One motor race with over 57 laps around the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit that served as the first round of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship.

question: Who won the race?

answer: Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel won the race, with Mercedes' Lewis Hamilton in second and, also from Mercedes, Valtteri Bottas in third.

question: What new safety features were introduced in the race?

answer: Run-off areas in the fastest points in the circuit had Tecpro barriers and re-profited tyre barriers.

question: What is Pirelli?

answer: Pirelli appears to be a tyre manufacturing company as it seems to have sponsored the grand prix by providing each driver with several sets of various tyres.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The 2017 Australian Grand Prix ended with Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel winning the race. It was held in the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and featured Tecpro barriers in key run-off areas. The Grand Prix served as the first round of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship.


text:
 The Answer Thief
     I walked down the hallway, looking at my old watch with a ripped strap. It was 9:41, nine minutes before break ended. I did not know which locker he had, but I followed him from biology class. What if he did not stop at his locker? No, his next class was gym; he had to stop. When he stopped and started to turn the dial, I stood by, looking intimidating. He was humming something, not noticing me until he was putting his binder away. He then had a look of uninterested surprise.
     “Hmm? Eric, what are you doing?” He was speaking in a tone that showed he couldn’t care less. That wouldn’t be for long.
     “You took my homework sheet.” I said, staring him down.
He scratched the back of his left shoulder with his right hand, his eyebrows slowly raising.
     “Oh, yeah. Well, um... I went to the inbox to get my homework sheet to make corrections. I musta... grabbed yours by mistake.” He didn’t even look me in the eye, the phony he was.
     “No,” I said my, voice slowly raising. “You had your homework on your desk. I SAW you copying the answers from my sheet to yours.” He still looked somewhat out of it, and it pissed me off. Was he high? He did look like a stoner, though. He looked like a guy who had no ambition or care for how his life from here on out would be a downward spiral of despair.
     “Well, er, I had to get this homework done. I-I was busy last night.” He looked very nervous, not showing a sign of dignity. This only fueled my rage. I thought about smacking some sense into him.
     I laid my elbow on the locker, allowing me to rest my neck onto my knuckles. I smiled, knowing he wouldn’t try to fight back. I might as well have some fun.
     “What are you-” I interrupted his insensible rambles.
     “You know Newton’s third law of motion states that all force has an equal and opposite reaction. If someone wanted to exert a great amount of force to someone else, say by punching them so hard their teeth fall out, they would feel the same amount of force upon their closed fist, like the recoil of a gun. You want me to show you a demonstration?” I raised my right fist, feeling very, very powerful. A sense of adrenaline rushed into my fist, causing it to slowly vibrate. I was so excited, I WANTED to punch him. I really did. I was at first just trying to intimidate him, maybe get an apology, some respect or even some homework answers to teach him a lesson, but I didn’t care. The lazy jerk deserved it.
     I suddenly remembered a quote from history class, from ancient greece. The scene set before was so awesome, I had to say it. I leaned close and whispered, “The strong do what they can. The weak suffer what they must!”
     His eyes widened, he grabbed his stuff and started some more rambling. “Alright! Okay! Jeez! I won’t do it again, okay?” He fastwalked away, not turning around once.
     That was perfect! I laughed, the anger and tension now gone. I probably got some sense in that loser’s head for once in his life. I wonder what time it is. I looked at my watch. 9:45. “Only four minutes?” I said to no one in paticular. That felt much longer. I guess time doesn’t fly when you have fun! I laughed and walked back to my locker. My laughter stopped suddenly, as I walked along the wall to avoid the three guys walking past me. I needed to teach them a lesson too. Someday, not today.
 (I had to do this short story in english class. The main character, Eric, is a reference to Eric Harris, one of the shooters at Columbine. Since this is for school, I do not say this, and there is no cursing. It would probably take place during freshman or sophomore year, before he planned the massacre.)

title: The Answer Thief

question: What time is it?

answer: 9:41

question: When does break end/?

answer: 10:00

question: Who is the main character?

answer: Eric.

question: On which real-life person is Eric based?

answer: Eric Harris, one of the Columbine shooters.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator, Eric, is bored during a break at school, and wanders the halls. Eric confronts a kid he saw copying his homework answers. The kid starts to threaten him in response, but Eric uses an ancient Greek quote he learned in history class, and the kid apologizes and walks away. Eric thinks about how he wants to teach his peers a lesson.


text:
Part of the Council for International Schools (CIS) accreditation process asks schools to “demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism in education” and that this should be “reflected throughout the life of the institution.” In this article, I will be presenting the case that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fulfil this aspect of education given their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture.

In her book “International Mindedness” Lesley Stagg concludes by paraphrasing Dan Young “Internationalism advocates the quality of ‘being’ international within the overall climate and character evident when you enter the school. It includes the one for all organizational principles that reflect a global community concern (known to its community to exist inside and outside its walls), as well as an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures (and countries). It is evidenced where students and faculty celebrate this quality as they come together for learning and teaching… when common global interests and collaboration are recognized as imperative.”

To my mind, in order to successfully meet this goal, it is essential that the school have at least one unifying feature. There must be something tangible that unites all in the midst of diversity. CIS exhorts the guiding statements of a school as this focal point and these guiding statements must be embedded in the curriculum and in the culture of learning. This is not particularly controversial and is something commonly accepted in the domain of international schools. However, I would like to suggest that in reality, many international schools across the world do not have this one unifying feature and that, in fact in many cases, their guiding statements are contrived, jargonistic and essentially meaningless. The exception to this fact being those schools, which have a deep-rooted sense of history, enshrined in tradition and have a culture that is known and embraced by the wider community. I would argue that this is the case in schools underpinned by a religious tradition.

Moreover, in order to create an “overall positive attitude between diverse cultures (and countries)” it is necessary to celebrate what unites families from diverse cultures and countries and in many cases, this is their religious experience. Children from a multitude of countries, different races, speaking different languages and having a range of cultural norms, inevitably populate an International School. Finding something to unite such a diverse community is a challenge CIS recognizes, but within a school embracing a religious tradition, there is no challenge because, despite the obvious diversity, children and their families are united by their religious beliefs. This is more obviously the case when they all hark from the same religious tradition, but I contend that it can also be the case when children of different religions, or denominations within a particular religion, are educated together as their belief in God (or in some cases a Supreme Being) transcends any of their apparent differences. Many dismiss too often religion as a cause of conflict but I would argue the contrary and suggest that in reality religion unites people due to the fact that they have a common sense of purpose and of human dignity. Nothing is more unifying than a common set of beliefs. This permeates deeper than any contrived ideology.

Central to religious identity is a call to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation and to celebrating unity in diversity. These are the features of international mindedness that CIS wants schools to embrace. Whilst many schools barely touch the tip of the iceberg with respect to international mindedness, schools with a religious identity and faith commitment are deeply rooted in their sense of mission, of their ethos, of their values. International Schools of a non-religious nature could learn a lot by looking at schools of a religious nature. They would observe that in the vast majority of cases (some schools with a religious identity are clearly better than others) that the guiding statements of the school are embedded throughout the institution. In the best schools, the mission and ethos of the school are deeply embedded in the curriculum. Such schools do not have a narrow view of curriculum as merely the teaching of a syllabus or academic program but moreover that it is inclusive of all aspects of a child’s learning experience and development as a human person. Subsequently, children will learn explicitly about issues of prejudice and discrimination, different belief systems (other than that of the denomination of the institution), ethical systems, cultural norms, the dignity of the human person, social enterprise and the like. Furthermore, schools with a religious tradition have always valued prayer and meditation as an essential part of human development. Recognizing this the secular world now promotes “mindfulness” as a non-religious alternative to meditation. Separating meditation from faith, where Buddhist, Christian or another, is somewhat morally bankrupt and a very dubious business in itself.

Many international schools have adopted mission statements but sometimes these are a uniformity of bland clichés with no deep sense of an underlying philosophy. Perhaps even more worrying is the trend for schools to adopt the language of “No child left behind” and focus on college and workplace preparedness as the raison d’etre of education rather than focusing on the development of the whole child with the human dignity. It is immoral to see a child as no more than economic fodder for the future workplace. Schools should reject any policy or system that diminishes the dignity of the human person and refutes the idea that anyone can be reduced to the status of an economic unit or passive-dependent.

Recognizing the distinct nature that schools underpinned by a religious tradition have, and by learning from their best practice, International Schools across the world can learn to emulate the “one for all” educational principles that underpin faith schools. The shared “worldview” that unites people of faiths underpins the values and mission of such schools and enables them to be truly international.

question: What does the article say about why schools of a religious tradition are best placed to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism in education?

answer: In order to become an international school, it is necessary that the school has a unifying feature. Within a school embracing a religious tradition, children and their families are united by their religious beliefs despite the diversity. Even when children of different religions are united as their religious belief transcends any of their apparent differences.

question: What does the article say about secular schools?

answer:
Secular schools, except those which have a deep-rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture, are not best placed to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism and interculturalism in education because they do not have a unifying feature.
Recognizing this the secular world now promotes “mindfulness” as a non-religious alternative to meditation. Moreover, secular schools separate meditation from faith, and that is morally wrong. Then, those schools see a child as no more than economic fodder for the future workplace. They focus on college and workplace preparedness as the raison d’etre of education rather than focusing on the development of the whole child with human dignity.

question: What does the article say about the number of international schools of a religious tradition?


text:
Every morning it was the same old story. I woke at five-thirty and bathed myself. By seven I was on the bus going to school for my daily learnings. I felt as if my life was being dictated by societal and other such forces. It was as if I had no real control over my own life. I felt controlled. I never really expected what was to happen. I felt, I bled, and I learned. I learned with speed and grace unlike any other. There were days when I wondered why that was.

Regardless, I continued on in my daily endeavors, yet I always wanted something more, somewhere I could fit in, a niche so to speak. I continued writing, and learning, and most of all I continued looking. I was looking for a reason to exist, a reason why. I needed more then I had. I needed a reason to live. I needed to know that I was more than just a human encyclopedia or calculator. I wanted to love; I wanted to be able to live. I wanted to see there were more than just learning and acidic words thrown by ignorant masses. The hated were the intellectual and the loved were the unique. Somehow, I managed to be both. I continued fighting the omnipresent pressure to be something I wasn't.

I would not let myself be herded like a sheep. What I didn't yet know was that I was being controlled by even stronger forces. I felt like I was a coded program, not a human. I didn't feel that I could choose my path. I didn't feel that I could choose what to learn. I just did exactly what I was designed to. It was summer when I learned the shocking truth. I was 16 and a half at the time. I was taking a shower, just like usual, and I fell down and my head smashed against the wall. My hand immediately flew to my head to inspect the damage. But I didn't feel blood on this wound.

I raised my hand slowly, a painful shiver running down my spine. I felt not bone, brain matter, or any other organic fluids. I felt smooth metal, and wires. I checked the mirror and I saw chrome and microchips. On one of these chips I found a designation:

>Sentient 162-73a

It was in that moment that I realized I had no purpose. I was a sheep to the programmed herder in my circuits. I was everything I brought myself to despise. I was only a machine, a sentient, who would never know love or feeling. I was only a program living through its code. I was simply an existent being. I wish I could love. I wish I could live. But the cold reality is that I am machine. I am Sentient 162-73a.

title: Sentient

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: A 16 and a half year old student who recently discovered that he is a machine.

question: What is the narrator looking for?

answer: The narrator is looking for a reason to exist, a reason to live. He also wants to love and be able to live.

question: Why was there no blood coming from the narrator's wounds?

answer: The narrator could not feel any organic matter, when he looked in the mirror he saw chrome and microchips. He was a machine.

question: What changed when the narrator found out what he really was?

answer: He realized that he had no purpose. He was only a machine, who wished that he could live.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator wakes up at the same time every day. He goes to school and longs for so much more. He wants to be able to live and love and be in control of his life. One day while showering he slips and finds in stead of blood only chrome and microchips in his brain. He is not human, he is a machine. This destroys any hope he has of being able to live.


text:
Uruguay has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film regularly since 2001. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue.[1]

Uruguay, represented by Cinemateca Uruguaya, submitted drama _A Place in the World_ to AMPAS in the fall of 1992. On December 3, 1992, AMPAS included the film on its list of official submissions [2] and it was screened alongside 32 other films for AMPAS' Foreign Language Film Committee. On February 17, 1993, it was announced that the film had been nominated for an Oscar, representing Uruguay. A controversy quickly began when stories began circulating that the film had minimal Uruguayan artistic input- the film was shot by an Argentine writer/director in Argentina, the plot was set in Argentina, and the cast and crew were primarily from Argentina. The film was in the running (and finished in second place) to represent Argentina in the Oscar race, it represented Argentina at the Golden Globe Awards and eventually went on to win Best Picture at the Argentinian National Film Awards (the _Asociación de Críticos Cinematográficos de Argentina_) [3] Ultimately, AMPAS disqualified the film and removed it from the Oscar ballot. Uruguay rejoined the Oscar competition in 2001.

Submissions

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. Following this, they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award.[4] Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Uruguay for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony.

All films were produced in Spanish. Their 2005 submission was announced but was not on the official AMPAS list, and did not screen for the Academy. Although most Foreign Film submissions in this category have historically been dramas, Uruguay chose comedies four years in a row, from 2001–2004, and again in 2009-2010.

+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Year      | Film      | Spanish   | Language( | Director  | Result    |
| (Ceremony | title     | title     | s)        |           |           |
| )         | used in   |           |           |           |           |
|           | nominatio |           |           |           |           |
|           | n         |           |           |           |           |
+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
| 1992      | _A Place  | _Un lugar | Spanish   |           |           |
| (65th)    | in the    | en el     |           |           |           |
|           | World_    | mundo_    |           |           |           |
|           | [5]       |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2001      | _In This  | _En la    | Spanish   |           |           |
| (74th)    | Tricky    | puta      |           |           |           |
|           | Life_     | vida_     |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2002      | _Corazón  | _El       | Spanish   |           |           |
| (75th)    | de Fuego_ | Último    |           |           |           |
|           |           | tren_     |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2003      | _Seawards | _El Viaje | Spanish   |           |           |
| (76th)    | Journey_  | hacia el  |           |           |           |
|           |           | mar_      |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2004      | _Whisky_  | _Whisky_  | Spanish   | & Pablo   |           |
| (77th)    |           |           |           | Stoll     |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2005      | _Alma     | _Alma     | Spanish   |           | [7]       |
| (78th)    | Mater_    | Mater_    |           |           |           |
|           | [6]       |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2007      | _The      | _El Baño  | Spanish   | & Enrique |           |
| (80th)    | Pope's    | del Papa_ |           | Fernandez |           |
|           | Toilet_   |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2008      | __        | _Matar a  | Spanish   |           |           |
| (81st)    |           | Todos_    |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2009      | _Bad Day  | _Mal día  | Spanish   |           |           |
| (82nd)    | to Go     | para      |           |           |           |
|           | Fishing_  | pescar_   |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2010      | _A Useful | _La vida  | Spanish   |           | [8]       |
| (83rd)    | Life_     | útil_     |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2011      | _The      | _La casa  | Spanish   |           |           |
| (84th)    | Silent    | muda_     |           |           |           |
|           | House_[9] |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2012      | _The      | _La       | Spanish   |           |           |
| (85th)    | Delay_[10 | demora_   |           |           |           |
|           | ]         |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2013      | _Anina_[1 | _Anina_   | Spanish   |           |           |
| (86th)    | 1]        |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2014      | _Mr.      | _Mr.      | Spanish   |           |           |
| (87th)    | Kaplan_[1 | Kaplan_   |           |           |           |
|           | 2]        |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2015      | _A        | _Una      | Spanish   |           |           |
| (88th)    | Moonless  | noche sin |           |           |           |
|           | Night_[13 | luna_     |           |           |           |
|           | ]         |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2016      | _Breadcru | _Migas de | Spanish   |           |           |
| (89th)    | mbs_[14]  | pan_      |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2017      | _Another  | _Otra     | Spanish   |           |           |
| (90th)    | Story of  | historia  |           |           |           |
|           | the       | del       |           |           |           |
|           | World_[15 | mundo_    |           |           |           |
|           | ]         |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2018      | _A        | _La noche | Spanish   |           |           |
| (91st)    | Twelve-Ye | de 12     |           |           |           |
|           | ar        | años_     |           |           |           |
|           | Night_[16 |           |           |           |           |
|           | ]         |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2019      | _The      | _Así      | Spanish   |           |           |
| (92nd)    | Moneychan | habló el  |           |           |           |
|           | ger_[17]  | cambista_ |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 2020      | _Alelí_[1 | _Alelí_   | Spanish   |           |           |
| (93rd)    | 8]        |           |           |           |           |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+

Five of Uruguay's ten accepted submissions co-starred Uruguayan actor César Troncoso, included those selected from 2007-2009.

Because of the small size of Uruguay's domestic film industry, most of Uruguay's major recent films have been selected for the Oscars. Notable exceptions include 2001's 25 Watts, which lost to _In This Tricky Life_, Berlin Film Festival Grand Jury Prize winner Gigante, which lost to _Bad Day to Go Fishing_ in 2009 and Berlinale 2013 Panorama competitor So Much Water, which lost to animated film _Anina_.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Disqualified after Oscar nominations were announced

[6]

[7] Did not appear on the AMPAS official list http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/58-foreign-language-oscar-submissions/

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

title: List of Uruguayan submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film

question: When did Uruguay begin regularly submitting films to the Academy Awards?

answer: Uruguay regularly began submitting films to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2001.

question: What was the controversy surrounding the film "A Place in the World"?

answer: The film had minimal Uruguayan artistic input, and was largely produced by an Argentine cast and crew.

question: Have any Uruguayan films won the award for Best International Feature Film?

answer: Unsure, does not seem like it.

question: When did the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences begin inviting countries to submit films for the Best Foreign Language Film award?

answer: The AMPAS began inviting various countries to submit their films in 1956.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article gives a list of the Uruguayan submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film. Uruguay began submitting films regularly to AMPAS in 2001.


text:
“GENERALS AND MAJORS” is a song written by Colin Moulding of the English rock band XTC, released as the first single from their 1980 album _Black Sea_. Moulding accordingly wrote the song as a satirical take on the phrase “oh, what a lovely war”.[1] The song charted in the UK single chart at No. 32 and No. 104 on the US singles chart, while reaching No. 28 on Billboard's Album Rock Tracks chart. It was the first XTC single to chart in the U.S., and it also had chart success in Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

The track was initially released as a double 7" single with a gatefold sleeve, limited to 15,000 copies.[2] The additional record featured Moulding's “Smokeless Zone” and Partridge's “The Somnambulist”.

Music video

The music video shows the band playing servers and a group of men in military uniforms, one of them is Richard Branson, driving a Go-kart and jumping on a bouncy castle. According to Andy Partridge, Branson appeared “because he's a complete publicity hog. He decided he was gonna turn up and keep suggesting that he be in the video. That is the worst video ever made by man.”[3]

Personnel

XTC

-   Andy Partridge
-   Colin Moulding
-   Dave Gregory
-   Terry Chambers

Charts

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Charts (1980)                     | Peak                              |
|                                   | position                          |
+===================================+===================================+
| Australia (Kent Music Report)[4]  | 24                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Canadian Single Chart[5]          | 92                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| New Zealand Single Chart[6]       | 16                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| UK Singles Chart[7]               | 32                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| US _Billboard_ Bubbling Under Hot | 104                               |
| 100[8]                            |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| US _Billboard_ Album Rock Tracks  | 28                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Generals and Majors

question: Who is Colin Moulding?

answer: He's a member of the English rock band, XTC and wrote the song "Generals and Majors"

question: How did the song "Generals and Majors" perform in the charts?

answer: It charted in the UK singles chart at no. 32, the US singles chart at no. 104, and was no. 28 on Billboard's Album Rock Tracks chart. It was the first XTC single to chart in the U.S., and it also had chart success in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

question: What does band member, Andy Partridge, think about Richard Branson's appearance in their music video?

answer: Partridge thinks Richard Branson is a "complete publicity hog" by turning up and suggesting that he be in the video. Partridge adds that their video was the worst ever made by man because Branson was in it.

question: List all members of the band, XTC

answer: Andy Partridge, Colin Moulding, Dave Gregory, Terry Chambers

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: English rock band, XTC, finally has a song that charted in the U.S. Their song, "Generals and Majors" written by band member Colin Moulding, charted at no. 32 in the UK, no. 104 in the US, and no. 28 in Billboard's Album Rock chart. However, the song's music video involved Richard Branson driving a Go-kart, which prompted another band member, Andy Partridge, to say that Richard was a "complete publicity hog" it was the worst music video ever created by man.