text:
_SASONICHUS_ is a monotypic genus of Asian brushed trapdoor spiders containing the single species, _SASONICHUS SULLIVANI_. It was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1900,[1] and has only been found in India.[2] The species _Sipalolasma arthrapophysis_ was briefly placed here before being moved to _Sipalolasma_ in 1985.[3]

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Sasonichus

question: How many species does the genus Sasonichus contain?

answer: Only one, Sasonichus Sullivani.

question: Who first described this genus?

answer: Reginald Innes Pocock.

question: When did he describe it?

answer: In 1900.

question: Where is this genus found?

answer: In India.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The text is about a specific genus of Asian brush trapdoor spiders. The genus (Sasonichus) contains only one species and can only be found in India.


split: train

text: The man, who was known as Jim, woke up. He had a terrible headache. He tried to bring his hand to his forehead. Stuck. He tried again but nothing happened, as if he were tied up. He groaned and tried to focus on the situation. Damn, his head hurt. He looked at his body in shock, he was strapped in, lying on his back in a slightly tilted angle on the back seat of a car. Of course, he had been sent out to follow three apparent mafiosi but he'd somehow managed to get strapped shut back here, by probably one of them, with simple seat belts. Where was that bastard? He moved his head around in the small angle that he was able to. He was gone, they had crashed. He couldn't look outside from here. He tried to move, but the crash had only strapped him in tighter, the seat belts wouldn't stretch anymore. Had they just forgot about him? He tried to move more. A sudden pinch in his left hand. He swore. Painfully tilting his head, he looked at it. A small shard of glass stuck out. He looked around a little better. All the windows were broken and a long stick of hard metal stuck out between the two front seats. Also, there were many tiny holes in the back seat, what a waste of a car. He moved, more vigorously, not minding the pain the various glass shards cost him. “Hey!” He shouted. “Help!” But no response, instead a smell of fire. Jim's eyes widened and he looked at the front of the car. The car was tilted so that he could see it. The hood was gone and the engine was wrecked. He knew how they were supposed to work and this one was missing a lot of pieces, yet it was still running with an annoying slap slap slap sound. Worse, what was left of the turbine was on fire. Right next to the gas tank and spreading. This is bad, Jim thought, terrible. He twisted and turned as far as he could, panicking. His life depended on it, the glass sticking out of his legs and torso were suddenly insignificant. Finally, the seat belt closest to his head snapped. New hope arose, he could now move his arms again. If he got out, he could tell Mr. Y what had happened. He sat upright and brought his hands to the seat belt around his waist. He swore again. It wouldn't come loose. He was already crying from the smoke in the cabin. He poked his head as far through the window behind him as he could. “Help! Anybody!” He yelled, but there was nothing. Nothing but fire and car wrecks along the long way to Turin. He heard a hissing noise, like a serpent, and he looked back at the engine. His pupils dilated.

title: Imagine this happens on a long, empty road in Turin. (feedback would be appreciated)

question: What happen to the car Jim is looking at?

answer: It, and he, seemed to have been in a crash.

question: Are there any other important characters?

answer: The mafiosi; Jim was sent to follow them. They assaulted him and tied him up in the back of the car and then left him to die.

question: How is Jim feeling?

answer: When he regains consciousness, he first is confused and then scared.

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: The story takes place in a car on an empty road to Turin.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: Jim regains consciousness, at first is confused and then scared. He remembers that he was sent to follow the mafiosi. They assaulted him and tied him up in the back of the car and then left him to die. He struggles to get untied. He can see the engine is on fire; he knows he doesn't have long to get out of the car. The story ends; apparently the car is going to explode.


text:
Have you ever noticed that light bulbs (the incandescent ones especially) seem to burn out most frequently at the instant they're turned on? Or that electronic components like home theater systems or TVs worked fine yesterday but don't today when you turn them on? I have, too.

Have you ever wondered why that happens?

Thermal stress

There are many factors that affect the longevity of electronic equipment. One of the most ubiquitous sources of failure is heat. In fact, the heat generated by most electronic devices as they perform their assigned tasks is the very heat that shortens their electronic lives.

When I worked at IBM in Boca Raton at the dawn of the PC era, I worked as part of a group that was responsible for the maintainability of computers and other hardware of all types. One task of the labs in Boca Raton was to ensure that hardware broke very infrequently, and that when it did, it was easy to repair. I learned some interesting things about the effects of heat on the life of computers while I was there.

Let's go back to the light bulb because it is an easily visible, if somewhat infrequent, example.

Every time a light bulb is turned on, electric current surges into the filament and heats it very rapidly from room temperature to about 340° Fahrenheit (the temperature depends upon the wattage of the bulb). This causes thermal stress through vaporization of the metal of which the filament is made, as well as rapid expansion of the metal just caused by heating. When a light bulb is turned off, the thermal stress is repeated—though less severely—during the cooling phase as the filament shrinks. The more times a bulb is cycled on and off, the more the effects of this stress accumulate.

The primary effect of thermal stress is that some small parts of the filament—usually due to minute manufacturing variances—tend to become hotter than the other parts, causing the metal at those points to evaporate faster. This makes the filament even weaker at that point and more susceptible to rapid overheating in subsequent power-on cycles. Eventually, the last of the metal evaporates when the bulb is turned on and the filament dies in a very bright flash.

The electrical circuitry in computers is much the same as the filament in a light bulb. Repeated heating and cooling cycles can damage the computer's internal electronic components just as the filament of the light bulb was damaged over time.

Cooling is essential

Keeping computers cool is essential for helping to ensure that they have a long life. Large data centers spend a great deal of energy to keep the computers in them cool. Without going into the details, designers need to ensure that the flow of cool air is directed into the data center and specifically into the racks of computers to keep them cool. It is even better if they can be kept at a fairly constant temperature.

Proper cooling is essential even in a home or office environment. In fact, it is even more essential in those environments because the ambient temperature is so much higher (as it is primarily for the comfort of the humans).

Temperature monitoring

One can measure the temperature of many different points in a data center as well as within individual racks. But how can the temperature of the internals of a computer be measured?

Fortunately, modern computers have many sensors built into various components to enable monitoring of temperatures, fan speeds, and voltages. If you have ever looked at some of the data available when a computer is in BIOS configuration mode, you can see many of these values. But this does not show what is happening inside the computer when it is in a real world situation under loads of various types.

Linux has some software tools available to allow system administrators to monitor those internal sensors. Those tools are all based on the lm_sensors, Smart, and hddtemp library modules, which are available on all Red Hat based distributions and most others as well.

The simplest tool is the sensors command. Before the sensors command can be used, the sensors-detect command is used to detect as many of the sensors installed on the host system as possible. The sensors command then produces output including motherboard and CPU temperatures, voltages at various points on the motherboard, and fan speeds. The sensors command also displays the range of temperatures considered to be normal, high, and critical.

The hddtemp command displays temperatures for a specified hard drive. The smartctl command show the current temperature of the hard drive, various measurements that indicate the potential for hard drive failure, and, in some cases, an ASCII text history graph of the hard drive temperatures. This last output can be especially helpful in some types of problems.

When used with the appropriate library modules, the glances command can display hard drive temperatures as well as all of the same temperatures provided by the sensors command. glances is a top-like command that provides a lot of information about a running system including CPU and memory usage, I/O information about the network devices and hard drive partitions, as well as a list of the processes using the highest amounts of various system resources.

There are also a number of good graphical monitoring tools that can be used to monitor the thermal status of your computers. I like GKrellM for my desktop. There are plenty of others available for you to choose from.

I suggest installing these tools and monitoring the outputs on every newly installed system. That way, you can learn what temperatures are normal for your computers. Using a tool like glances allows you to monitor the temperatures in real time and understand how added loads of various types affect those temperatures. The other tools can be used to take snapshot looks at your computers.

Taking action

Doing something about high temperatures is pretty straightforward. It is usually a matter of replacing defective fans; installing newer, higher-capacity fans; and reducing the ambient temperature.

When building new computers or refurbishing older ones, I always install additional case fans or replace existing ones with larger ones where possible. Maximum airflow is important to efficient cooling. In some extreme environments, such as for gamers, liquid cooling can replace air cooling; most of us don't need to take it to that level.

I also typically replace the standard CPU cooling units with high capacity ones. At the very least, I replace the thermal compound between the CPU and the cooling radiator. I find that the thermal compound from the factory or computer store is not always evenly distributed over the surface of the CPU, which can leave some areas of the CPU with insufficient heat dissipation.

I have a large room over my attached garage that my wife and I use for our offices. Altogether I have 10 running computers, two laser printers (in sleep mode most of the time), multiple external hard drive enclosures with from one to four drives each, and six uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). These devices all generate significant amounts of heat.

Over the years I have had to deal with several window mounted air-conditioning units to keep our home office at a reasonable temperature. A couple years ago our HVAC unit died and it made sense to install a zoning system so that the upstairs office space would be cooled directly and the remaining cool air, being denser than any warm air downstairs, would flow down to the lower level. This works very well for me and keeps me and the computers at a comfortable temperature.

It is also possible to test the efficacy of your cooling solutions. There are a number of options and the one I prefer also performs useful work.

I have BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) installed on many of my computers and I run Seti@Home to do something productive with all of the otherwise wasted CPU cycles I own. It also provides a great test of my cooling solutions. There are also commercially available test suites that allow stress testing of memory, CPU, and I/O devices, which can be used to test cooling solutions as a side benefit.

So keep cool and compute on!

question: Summarize the measures technological companies take to reduce heat stress on their products?

answer: By installing tools that monitor heat in their products. Some companies also install tiny fans that cool down the components in their products, e.g CPU. Lastly, companies can also reduce heat stress by building quality products that can withstand heat over a long period of time.


text:
[All you need to know about investing in real estate off plan in Dubai and your rights as a real estate investor]

-   __December 27, 2017
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-   Article

All you need to know about investing in real estate off plan in Dubai and your rights as a real estate investor

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This brief guide aims to provide prospective real estate investors with adequate information, so that they make the best decisions with their money. Dubai is hot for prime real estate investment right now, and will continue to be for at least the next two decades. In this article, we shall talk about who can own real estate in Dubai, and where. This article also aims to explain a few things related to DLD (Dubai Land Department) and RERA (Real Estate Regulatory Authority) in the process.

_Who can hold property in Dubai?_

The DLD is authorized to register rights over property in Dubai. This includes various things such as freehold titles, leased properties, musataha on property, etc. All UAE nationals and companies that are completely UAE based, and founded by UAE nationals can transact in property anywhere they want, except for a few restricted areas. Public companies from UAE can buy property anywhere they like in Dubai.

Local companies with UAE citizens as founders are allowed to purchase property and land anywhere in Dubai. However, this isn’t the case with companies with non-UAE founders or shareholders. Such companies can only buy property in ‘Designated Areas’ according to Article 4 of Property Ownership Law.

As per the Article 4 of Property Ownership Law is in compliance with DLD policies that have not been formally published and are subject to change on regular basis. Here are few of the regulations set out by the DLD currently:

1.  Few of the foreign offshore companies are not allowed to own a property in designated areas. The mentioned companies who already own the property before these regulations were rolled out are allowed to make real property dispositions in respect of properties already owned but are not allowed for any further property acquisitions.
2.  The above-mentioned companies to won a property in designated areas can establish a new company under JAFZA or in any other free zone approved by DLD and enter into real estate transactions.
3.  Free zone companies incorporated in other Emiratesare not allowed to own a property in designated areas. The mentioned companies who already own the property before these regulations were rolled out are allowed to make real property dispositions in respect of properties already owned but are not allowed for any further property acquisitions.
4.  Companies incorporated in the DIFC are now allowed to own real estate property under DIFC as per the recent memorandum between DLD and DIFC.
5.  Foreign trust or funds cannot own a property in Dubai.
6.  UAE/GCC nationals and onshore companies wholly owned by them whether LLP, sole proprietary are allowed to purchase real estate in individual capacity.
7.  Non-UAE/GCC nationals are allowed to buy property directly in their individual capacity in the Designated Areas.
8.  Non-UAE/GCC nationals and/or companies can register themselves as a free zone company such as the JAFZA and other free zones approved by DLD to register the real estate to purchase real estate within the Designated Areas only in the name of the Dubai free zone company so established.

Before you attempt to make a real estate investment, it is better to verify whether or not you/your company can own property in Dubai. It is very important to be aware of recent changes in the DLD’s instructions and related procedures when it comes to owning property. This can either be done online by visiting the DLD’s website, or offline, by visiting one of their offices.

Since we are close to the Expo 2020 and Vision 20121, Dubai is booming in the real estate. With the upcoming new projects, most of the Dubai is available for foreign investors. Hence, DLD is continuously revising the rules and regulations in respect of real estate to make them more investor friendly.

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question: What does the text say about property investment procedures?

question: What does the text say about property investment in Dubai?

answer: According to the text, before attempting to make a real estate investment, it is better to verify whether or not you/your company can own property in Dubai. It is very important to be aware of recent changes in procedures when it comes to owning property. This can be checked online by visiting the DLD's website.

question: What does the text say about property regulations in Dubai?

answer: According to the text, regulations do not allow foreign companies to own property in designated areas. Only UAE/GCC nationals and onshore companies wholly owned by them are allowed to buy property directly in their individual capacity in designated areas.

question: What does the text say about Dubai's real estate situation?