text:
HERMAN OLWIK, also known as OLWIK (stylised in all caps), is a Swedish electronic dance musician.

As a child, Olwik was immersed in music and is classically trained to play the viola, piano, drums and guitar. In an interview with music blog _We Got This Covered_, he stated that he became interested in producing electronic music when he was first introduced to a track called “Mellow” by Swedish duo Nause.[1] In the same interview, he also stated that he “got inspired to create my own melodies later when I discovered Swedish producer Steerner, who was just starting to grow at the time.”[2]

Career

Olwik's earliest productions were uploaded to the music platform Soundcloud, typically in the style of Progressive House. His very first release on record label NoCopyrightSounds, “This Life,” went viral on Soundcloud and amassed nearly 2 million streams.[3] His follow-up release “Villain” on NCS was widely covered by electronic music blogs and magazines, including YourEDM and Stoney Roads.[4][5]

Known for both official and unofficial remixes, an early track that gained popularity online was “Shake the Earth” by Elephante, profiled by numerous online music outlets.[6][7][8] Olwik's unofficial remix of Halsey's “New Americana” earned special recognition from Billboard Magazine as one of “The 7 Best Halsey Remixes.”[9] This release and recognition led to a contract with Danish dance music label Disco:Wax, which is owned by major label Sony Music. He released several times through the label, the first a collaboration with Blest Jones, “Know You Better,” and the second a four-track EP in the fall of 2018.[10] According to an Insomniac biography, his music has been played at festivals including Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas.[11] Insomniac's website also states that OLWIK has earned support from Tiësto, MAKJ, and Blasterjaxx, and has shared the stage with Dada Life, and Michael Feiner.[12] In 2018, he signed with Source Records / Spinnin Records, the dance music record label owned by Warner Music Group, to release the song “La La Light.”[13]

Beyond releasing music, Olwik is also a performing DJ. He has recorded several guest mixes for various publications, including Radar Mix 098 for Dancing Astronaut.[14] In an interview with DMC World Magazine, he stated that he had recently toured for the first time outside of Sweden, at Output Nightclub in New York City and the Panda Electronic Festival in China.[15] He later stated in an interview with Nexus Radio that he had played several more times in China in 2018, in Chengdu and then in Guangdong.[16] In the same interview, he made the claim that he is inspired by science in his music.[17]

Athletic career

Outside of music, Olwik also competes nationally in Sweden in the high-jump for club team Ullevi FK.[18] His personal bests include 2.06 meters twice, outdoor in Varburg in 2015, and indoor in Uppsala in 2018.[19]

Discography

-   2019—Olwik & Willemijn May -- “La La Light”, Spinnin Records/SOURCE
-   2018—Supercool [EP], Sony Music/Disco:wax Records
    -   Olwik, Dance Cartel, Terri B! -- “You Got Me”
    -   Olwik, Raie, Felix Abebe -- “Supercool”
    -   Olwik, Blest Jones -- “Don't Matter”
    -   Olwik -- “Strawberries”
-   2017—OKWIK & Terri B! -- “Baby Can I Hold You”, Sony Music/LINC Sweden
-   2017 -- ROZES -- “Canyons (Olwik Remix)”, Photo Finish Records
-   2017—Olwik & Blest Jones -- “Know You Better”, Sony Music/Disco:wax Records
-   2016 -- Dia Frampton -- “Golden Years (Olwik Remix)”, Nettwerk Productions Ltd.
-   2016—Olwik & Joshua Swerin -- “Finally”
-   2016 – Olwik & Terri B! – “Fight No More”, Sony Music/LINC Sweden (Swedish Dance Charts #30)
-   2015—Olwik -- “Velocity”, The EDM Network
-   2014—Olwik & Tyler Fiore -- “Villain”, NoCopyrightSounds
-   2014—Olwik & Alexa Lusader -- “Taking Over”, NoCopyrightSounds
-   2014—Olwik & Johnning -- “This Life”, NoCopyrightSounds

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title: Olwik

question: What is Olwik classically trained to play?

answer: Olwik is classically trained to play the piano, drums, viola, and guitar.

question: What inspired him to produce electronic music?

answer: The Swedish producer Steerner inspired Olwik.

question: Which was his very first composition?

answer: "This Life"

question: What does Olwik do besides releasing music?

answer: Besides music, Olwik competes nationally in Sweden in the high-jump for club team Ullevi FK.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
Olwik is a Swedish electronic dance musician. He is classically trained to play the viola, guitar, piano, and drums.

His first release "This Life" went viral on Soundcloud. It was followed by his release "Villian."

Besides music, Olwik is also a performing DJ and competes nationally in Sweden in the high-jump for club team Ullevi FK.


split: train

text:
[Ritual Face Cleanser | Best Mens Face Wash | Triumph & Disaster US][Ritual Face Cleanser | Best Face Wash For Men | Triumph & Disaster US]

1/ Rich in Tamanu oil from Polynesia, an antioxidant wonder oil used to heal scars, treat burns and generally save skin.

2/ Natural based anti acne properties, perfect for oily skin, teenage skin or adult acne

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KEY INGREDIENTS

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LIST OF INGREDIENTS

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[]

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Key ingredients

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Bursting with the good stuff, containing minerals and nutrients like: manganese; iron; magnesium; calcium; folate; potassium and copper. It's also got omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin A and Vitamin C under its belt. It's a natural stimulant and healer.

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Kaolin/China Clay

Is soft white clay named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) where it was first mined. Used for centuries to make Chinese porcelain when kaolin is mixed with water it can be molded under pressure.

[]

Tamanu Oil

Has been used for centuries by native Tahitians to coat their bodies when bathing, preparing for war and during courtship. It's now widely considered a modern day wonder plant, renowned for its antibacterial and healing qualities which promote elastic, supple skin

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question: What is this article about?

answer: The Ritual face cleanser

question: What are the key ingredients of the Ritual face cleanser?

answer: Tamanu oil, peppermint oil, and Kaolin clay.

question: Where is tamanu oil from?

answer: Polynesia

question: Where is Kaolin clay from?

answer: China

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: This is a product description for the Ritual face cleanser. IT works well for oily skin, teenage skin, and adult acne. They mention the key ingredients: tamanu oil, peppermint oil, and kaolin clay. The other ingredients are listed as well, with prices and ratings.


text:
[Susan Spain-Dunk, from a 1916 publication.] SUSAN SPAIN-DUNK (22 February 1880 Folkestone, England – 1 January 1962 London) was an English violinist/violist and composer.

Life and career

Susan was the third of four children (Ethel K Dunk b. 1876; John De Lanoy Dunk b. 1878; Susan Spain Dunk b. 1880; William Major b. 1882). Their father was a house builder. Her second name, Spain, was added as the Dunk family were related to the Spain family. She studied violin and composition at The Royal Academy of Music, London with Stewart Macpherson and Richard Walthew and later taught composition and harmony there. For a time she played the viola in a private quartet of Walter Cobbett. She also played (violin or viola) in the Winifred Small Quartet and Cobbett made suggestions for “Anthology” programmes for the quartet (p. 26).[1] She conducted some of her own works at The British Women's Symphony Orchestra,[2] at The London Promenade Concerts (1924-1927) and also at Bournemouth, Eastbourne and Torquay. In 1908 she married Henry Gibson (7 October 1882 - 22 July 1954). He was a minor composer, violinist, organist and pianist. The marriage lasted about sixteen years and she had one son, The Reverend Alan Henry Gibson (November 1911-September 1999),[3] and two grandchildren.[4] She died on 1 January 1962 aged 81.

Spain-Dunk appears in the book _Some Folkestone Worthies_ by C.H. Bishop.[5]

Music

Her orchestral works include the _Suite for String Orchestra_ (1920), the _Idyll for Strings_ (1925), the overtures _Water Lily Pool_ (1925) and _Kentish Downs_ (1926), two symphonic poems: _Elaine_ (1927) and _Stonehenge_ (1929) and the _Cantilena_ for clarinet and orchestra (1931). The _Suite_ was premiered at the Proms on Thursday 21 August 1924.[6] The _Idyll_ and _Water Lily Pool_ (for flute, harp and strings) were both premiered at a British Women's Symphony Orchestra concert at Queen's Hall on 25 May 1925,[7] and repeated at the Proms on 13 October 1925.[8] _Kentish Downs_, first performed at the Proms on 30 August 1926 [9] was revived on BBC Radio 3 in 1997 with the BBC Concert Orchestra, conducted by Barry Wordsworth [10] with a further BBC Radio 3 broadcast in 2001.[11] _Elaine_ was conducted by the composer at the Proms on 25 August 1927,[12] and _Stonehenge_ was produced at the Eastbourne Festival in 1929,[13] and played again in Bournemouth in 1931.[14] It was revived by the BBC Concert Orchestra in a broadcast from Watford Colosseum under conductor Anne-Marie Helsing on 19 January 2019.[15] The _Idyll_, _Kentish Downs_ and _Elaine_ are mentioned in the book containing the letters of Gerald Finzi and Howard Ferguson (p. 12).[16] The _Cantilena_ for clarinet and orchestra (sometimes known as _Poem_) was revived by the Folkestone Symphony Orchestra with soloist Peter Cigleris on 16 March 2019, its first performance since 1931.[17]

One of Susan Spain-Dunk's most popular chamber works is the _Phantasy_ for String Quartet in G minor (1915). An analysis can be found at the Edition Silvertrust.[18] A recording was made by the Archaeus String Quartet on the Lorelt Label and released on 27 June 2003.[19] A review of this recording was given by Steve Arloff.[20] Another review was posted by Manor House Music on 21 April 2009.[21] The autograph manuscript of the Quartet in B flat minor was written and dated March 1914 with an address of 49 Castletown Road, West Kensington, London.[22] A review was posted in _The Chamber Music Journal_ (Spring 2003, Vol. XIV No. 1; p. 2).[23] More information about Susan Spain-Dunk's chamber music can be found in the book: Seddon, Laura (2013): _British Women Composers and Instrumental Chamber Music in the Early Twentieth Century_ pp. 134–141.[24]

_Andred's Weald_ - for military orchestra (1925) – was conducted by Spain-Dunk on 28 February 1929 with the Bournemouth Municipal Orchestra.[25]

List of works

Orchestral

-   _Suite for string orchestra_ in B minor (1920) *
-   _Andred's Weald_, for military orchestra (1925)
-   _Idyll_ for strings (1925) *
-   _Water Lily Pool_, Overture for flute, harp and strings (1925) (also variously known as _Romantic Piece_ and _Sketch_) *
-   _Kentish Downs_, Overture (1926)
-   _Elaine_, symphonic poem (1927)
-   _Karisima_ (1928)
-   _Serenade de Capri_ (1928)
-   _Farmer's Boy_, for flute and strings (1929)
-   _Stonehenge_, symphonic poem (1929)
-   _Cantilena_ for clarinet and orchestra (also known as _Poem_) (1931) *
-   _Notre Dame d'Albert_, tone poem (1931)
-   _Highland Overture_ (1935)
-   _The Flute Player of Brindaven_ (1939)
-   _Legend_ for oboe and strings (1955)
-   _Cinque Ports Suite_ - 'Dover Castle', 'Rye Harbour', Winchelsea Gate' (1958)
-   _Malay,_, tone poem (1958)
-   _Weald of Kent_, Fantasia for orchestra
-   _Four Spanish Dances_ for piano and orchestra (orchestrated from piano works)
-   _Two Scottish Pieces_ for orchestra, Op.54/1. 'By St.Mary's Loch', 54/2. 'Kerrera' (also a version for violin and piano)
-   _Blessed Sonya_, prelude
-   _Kentonia_, concert march

• Published by Novello & Co.[26]

Chamber

-   _Petite Serenade_ for flute and piano (1907)
-   _Phantasy_ piano trio in A minor (1907) (Cobbett prize)
-   _Halligen_, Scandinavian dance for violin and piano (1908)
-   _Springdays_, Scandinavian dance for violin and piano (1908)
-   Violin sonata in B minor (1908) (Cobbett prize)
-   String quartet in B flat minor (1914)
-   _Phantasy_ string quartet in D minor (1915), pub. Goodwin & Tabb, London.[27]
-   _Lorelei Legend_ for violin and piano (1933)
-   _Jarabe_, Spanish dance for violin and piano, Op.57 (1933)
-   _Winter Song_ for cello and piano (1938)
-   Sextet in F major (1941)
-   _Dead Roses_ for violin and piano
-   Two pieces for violin and viola: 'The lonely moor'; 'Jig'[28]
-   Trio for two violins and piano
-   Violin sonata in D minor
-   Violin sonata in C minor
-   Wind quintet

Piano

-   Six Spanish Dances - La Madrilena, El Jaleo, Aragonaise, Pepita, Cachucha, El Ole (1936) - four were later orchestrated.
-   Prelude in D minor (1941)

Choral

-   _The Baptism of Jesus_, cantata (1959)

Bibliography

-   Bishop, C.H: Some Folkestone Worthies: Ten outstanding persons who have contributed to the life and development of old Folkestone (Published by Printed by Southern Litho Printing Co., Ltd., Folkestone circa 1970), pp. 48 with monochrome illustrations and photographs.
-   Finzi, Gerald; Ferguson, Howard; Hurd, Michael: Letters of Gerald Finzi and Howard Ferguson (Boydell & Brewer, 2001 - Biography & Autobiography), pp. 310. July 2001

-   Hodges, Betsi: W. W. Cobbett's Phantasy: A Legacy of Chamber Music in the British Musical Renaissance. (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Greensboro. ProQuest, 2008), pp. 81 (p. 26)
-   Powell, Ardal: The Flute (Yale University Press, 2002), pp. 347.
-   Sadie, Julie Anne and Samuel, Rhian (eds.) The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers (London: Macmillan, 1994).
-   Seddon, Laura: British Women Composers and Instrumental Chamber Music in the Earliest Twentieth Century (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013), pp. 248. (hb)

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[13] _The Times_ obituary, 8 January 1962 p18

[14] _Musical Times_, Vol 72 No 1060, June 1931

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title: Susan Spain-Dunk

question: What was Susan Spain-Dunk known for?

answer: She was an English violinist/violist and composer.

question: Name two of Spain-Dunk's orchestral works?

answer: The Suite for String Orchestra (1920) and the Idyll for Strings (1925).

question: Did Spain-Dunk have children?

answer: She had one son, the Reverend Alan Henry Gibson.

question: When was Spain-Dunk's last work made?

answer: Her last work may have been made in 1958 based off the document.

question: Name one of Spain-Dunk's piano works?

answer: Prelude in D-minor (1941)

question: Did Spain-Dunk have formal music training?

answer: She studied violin and composition at The Royal Academy of Music in London.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article details Susan Spain-Dunk, an English violinist/violist and composer. Her most popular chamber works is the Phantasy for String Quartet in G minor (1915). Her life, career, music, and list of works are mentioned in the article.


text:
Home / India / Angela Merkel picks Narendra Modi over Cup final

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has accepted Chancellor Angela Merkel’s invitation for a two-day visit to Germany on way to Brazil for the annual Brics summit that opens July 15, HT has learnt.

india Updated: Jul 03, 2014, 08:06 IST

[German-Chancellor-Angela-Merkel-waves-during-an-election-campaign-event-of-the-Christian-Democratic-Union-party-in-Stralsund-AFP-photo]
German-Chancellor-Angela-Merkel-waves-during-an-election-campaign-event-of-the-Christian-Democratic-Union-party-in-Stralsund-AFP-photo
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has accepted Chancellor Angela Merkel’s invitation for a two-day visit to Germany on way to Brazil for the annual Brics summit that opens July 15, HT has learnt.

To meet Modi, who will be in Berlin from July 12, Merkel has virtually forgone a chance to see her country, if it qualifies, play for football’s biggest prize -- the World Cup on July 13 (early July 14 India time). Germany take on France on July 4 in the first quarter final.

With annual bilateral trade in excess of 18 billion euros (Rs. 1,46,700 crore), Germany is India’s biggest trading partner in Europe. The two countries have been working together in pharmaceutical, automobile and infrastructure sectors.

READ:CHINA TAKES STOCK OF MODI, READY TO DO BUSINESS
READ:GLOBAL POWERS INDIA-BOUND FOR MEGA DEFENCE DEALS
As the government looks to ease foreign direct investment norms, the PM’s visit to the European economic powerhouse could be significant.

“The PM’s visit will be important as he is expected to lay economic policy path that he intends to follow and make an offer to German major manufacturers to create assets in India,” a South Block official told HT on condition of anonymity.

The German government’s invitation came after Merkel learnt of Modi’s plan for an overnight halt at Frankfurt.

According to sources in the government, Modi is expected to leave India on July 11, a day after his government presents its maiden budget. After two days in Germany, he leaves for Brazil on July 14.

The next day, the heads of five big emerging world economies —Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, together known as Brics — will meet in the eastern Brazilian port city of Fortaleza.

While Merkel will be the first senior world leader to host Modi, his meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping will be watched with a great deal of interest.

READ:A MAN TO DO BUSINESS WITH: CHINA MUST WOO MODI
Modi will also meet Russian President Vladimir Putin whose “meddling” in neighbouring Ukraine has virtually pitted him against the West.

As for the German team, their President Joachim Gauck will be cheering them on at the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, provided they win their next two games.

 Thank you for subscribing to our daily newsletter.

question: When was this article last updated?

answer: July 3rd, 2014.

question: Which country is India's largest European trading partner?

answer: Germany.

question: Where will Modi go after Germany?

answer: Brazil.

question: Which countries are included in Brics?

answer: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

question: Where will the heads of Brics meet?

answer: In Fortaleza, Brazil.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be visiting Germany before a meeting with the heads of Brics nations in Brazil. The German chancellor, Angela Merkel, will miss the World Cup to host Modi. The two nations have large trading deals. Modi's meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping is also of interest.


text:
*Ding Dong*

A man takes his head out of his hands and looks at the clock.
*1AM on the dot.  He's punctual, I'll give him that.*
The man is proud of the wrinkles that extend from his forehead to his eyes and from his eyes to his chin.  Each one, in his mind, was a mark of fortune, indicating all of his good decisions in life.  He glances briefly at the picture of he and his wife smiling on a pier, then smiles and rubs his hands on his head once more, wiping fatigue from his eyes with his fingers.  He sits in a converted office-turned-study.  There are fewer books than bottles of assorted vintage booze, but this small space has always been found to bring him comfort.  He picks himself out of his brown, quilted leather armchair and makes through the foyer to the front door.

He picks himself up on his toes and glances through a small hole in the door.  He sees a tall man, though his features are obscured through the wide-angle lens of the peephole.  The man outside is standing on his novelty doormat, wiping his feet where it beckons guests to wipe their paws.  He swallows and takes a few short breaths before opening the door.

"Thank you for coming" the shorter man says.
"Can we make this quick?  I have many more people to see tonight" says the taller man.

His features are plain.  Too plain.  He has a business haircut that parts his dark, but not too dark, and unremarkable hair.  His nose is large, but not prominent.  His eyes are black.  His mouth is small and straight.  He is wearing a black body-length canvas coat with matching black slacks.  Underneath is a hint of a black business suit with a white shirt and black tie.  No one would look twice at this man in a crowd.  In fact, if the shorter man's attention hadn't been focused on the tall man, he might not have remembered he was standing right in front of him.  He was almost engineered to be forgettable.

"O-of course.  I thought people don't usually make appointments with you" says the shorter man.
"I see lots of people every day, but things usually go better if they don't expect me."
"Please," says the shorter man as he nods in understanding, "come inside."

They move into the foyer and the shorter man makes to remove the taller man's coat.

"My name is Greg, by the by" says the shorter man.
"I'm called Sue" responds the taller man.
"A boy named Sue, eh?" chuckled Greg.
His attempt to lighten mood was lost as Sue made no reaction to his comment.
"Sorry, I'm just nervous, I think.  Please follow me."
"It's just a nickname," the taller man says as they move to the study, "it's good to be nervous. Nothing reminds you more of being alive than fearing the future."

"Can I offer you something to drink?  I have fine, 18 year old single malt scotch from--"
"No, thank you," says Sue, "I haven't a need for anything at the moment."

Greg sits down in his favorite armchair and takes a deep breath.  Sue moves behind Greg and takes a bottle from his pocket.

"Okay," says Greg, "before we begin, I would just like to go over some terms."

Sue dips a few drops of liquid from the bottle onto a small microfiber cloth, and then uses the cloth to cover Greg's nose and mouth.

"I know the terms," says Suicide as Greg lumps unconscious, "and don't worry.  I always make it look like an accident."

title: An Hour After Midnight

question: Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: Greg (the short man) and Sue (the tall man).

question: What is Greg's relationship with Sue?

answer: Greg wants to die and calls Sue, short for Suicide, to kill him and make it look like an accident.

question: Where doe's the story take place?

answer: Greg's house.

question: Who has plain features?

answer: Sue. He looks unremarkable and forgettable.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Greg is an older man who has made a fortune because of good decisions, but he is tired and misses his wife. He wants to die and makes an appointment with a man called Sue, which is short for Suicide. Sue arrives at 1 AM on the dot and they conduct their business in Greg's study. Sue tells an unconscious Greg that he always makes it look like an accident.


text:
The Prisoner sat in the chair, the cold eyes of the Captor showed no emotion, no fear, nothing. The barrel of the Colt 45 M1911 looked hollow and millions of miles long from his perspective.

The Prisoner had long since given up on struggling against The Prisoner’s bonds. They were tightly wrapped and knotted; he knew there was no escape. The two were to be locked in an endless staring contest until the trigger was pulled; Captor and Prisoner, facing off until one of them died. With time, the Captor finally spoke.
“Had there been any other way, I assure you it would not have ended this way. But we are both professionals, I’m sure, deep down, you understand.” The Captor’s words were issued from his mouth with the smoke from a long drag on a cigarette. “Are you not afraid of the fate you are facing?”

Our Prisoner continued staring at the Captor, as if to pierce the Captor’s soul with eyes and his words.
“No, I do not fear death. Death is nothing. Can’t you see it? We are already dead. We are being born. We are caressing our loved ones; we are in school. We are learning. We are young and innocent. We are here. We are where we will be in 20 years. We are everywhere we have ever been and ever will be right now. In this very instance, our whole lives are. They aren’t continuing they aren’t ending; they simply are.

Such is the dichotomy of time. The very fabrication we have believed because we can’t perceive. But I have seen it. I understand it. Time is not a progression. Time simply is. Everything that has been done IS BEING DONE. Everything that will be done IS BEING DONE. Right now, everything is happening. Right now, Romulus is being born, and Rome is falling. Right now, the universe is coming into being, and it is collapsing.
I am not afraid of this bullet; I do not fear this pain.  I have already experienced it; I just haven’t perceived yet.”

The Captor nodded. Turned eyes away from those of The Prisoner, and pulled one last draw off of the cigarette. The cigarette fell to the floor, to be crushed by The Captor’s boot.

“Then this will not surprise you.” The Captor pushed a button on the side of the gun. The magazine fell. One bullet rested in the chamber; The Prisoner knew this. The Captor handed the gun to the Prisoner and released the Prisoner’s bonds. “I have ‘perceived’ enough of this life. I hope all that you have left to ‘perceive’ is pleasant.” The Prisoner stood, gun in hand. At this the Captor knelt before the Prisoner, and with one last locking of eyes, the Prisoner pulled the trigger.

edit: formatting.

title: The dichotomy of time.

question: Who are the main characters?

answer: The Prisoner and the Captor.

question: What, according to the author, is time?

answer: Time simply is.

question: What is the Captor holding on the prisoner?

answer: A Colt 45 M1911

question: What is the Prisoner's fate?

answer: The Captor releases the Prisoner's bonds, then gives him the gun and kneels before him. The Prisoner shoots the Captor.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The Prisoner and the Captor are in a cell-like room discussing the notion of time. The Captor tells the Prisoner time simply is-it is not a progression. The Captor then releases the Prisoner's bonds, then gives him the gun and kneels before him. The Prisoner shoots the Captor.


text:
There it was: the biggest Kjrussich that J'nah had ever seen. Blood dripped from it's front fangs as it sat on it's haunches, gnawing at the bones of one of J'nah's family's livestock.

His father had warned him not to go looking for the beast, but J'nah couldn't stand watching as his family farm was slowly ravaged by the beast, each night taking more livestock and leaving less and less for his family to sell come market time.
He had come prepared, carrying the large spear he had fashioned out of Bondwood and  Jettite, and a pouch full of throwing stones hung at his side. Following the beast's tracks in the freshly fallen methane snow had led J'nah right to the beast's lair among the craggy outcroppings in the valley below the pastures.

Crouched in the shrubs, he watched and waited for the right moment to strike. He knew that his spear must strike where the Kjrussich's four shoulder blades bet, at the point on it's back just before the spinal spikes began. Off in the distance, a hazy orange glow meant a dust storm was on it's way.
The beast turned away, reaching for another tasty bite. It's back was toward him-- now was the perfect time to strike. Wiping the sweat from his scaly forehead, J'nah crept forward, his padded footclaws silent on the snow.

The beast stopped eating and sniffed the air with a fierce sound. Before J'nah could plunge his spear into the vital spot, the Kjrussich spun around, snarling with all fangs bared, blood dripping. It meant to defend its lair at any cost.
In his lessons at the younglings' council, J'nah had learned well the legends of brave heroes who would go off to battle and slay monsters courageously. He had always hoped that when the time came for him to earn his surname, his actions would make him known as "Foeslayer" or "J'nah the Bold", like the warriors of old. At that moment, he thought it was more likely to be "J'nah the Swift Coward."

The Krjussich lunged at him, and J'nah leapt to the side, stumbling on top of a snow frosted boulder. With a dreadful howl, the beast whipped around and spat a dart at the youth. He felt the sting as it lodged in his arm. The paralyzing numbness kicked in almost immediately, rendering his spear arm as limp as his grandmother's home-cooked  Bessintaa Noodles. His spear fell to the ground. The Kjrussich howled and raised all four arms in a threatening display. J'nah found himself against the wall of the outcropping, trapped.

Just overhead, a spark of flame illuminated the sky. Something seemed to be soaring down through the atmosphere towards him and the beast at incredible speed. In a second, the object was upon them: a great metal ball, firing jets of flame downwards. It was all J'nah could do to shield his eyes from the incredible could of dust that arose as the thing lowered itself slowly upon it's pillars of flame. He heard another terrifying howl, from the Kjrussich, but felt to fangs or claws.

He opened his eyes as the dust began to recede. The metal thing had burnt the beast to a shouldering crisp with it's jets of flame, and landed on top of the charred remains. J'nah reached forward to grab his spear with his good arm. The thing made no further movements, just sitting there like some sort of strange sky rock. It's body shone brighter and looked sturdier than forged Jettite, except for one spot: a huge glass eye. It seemed to be staring straight at him.

There was no way to know what this thing was, but judging from the way it destroyed the Kjrussich, it was nothing friendly. J'nah thrust his spear through the glass eye and felt it shatter with a satisfying crunch. He didn't stop to make sure he had killed it, instead seizing the chance to run home as quickly as his legs could carry him. The dust storm beg and to whip into a frenzy just as he reached the door. He knew that by the next morning, the metal thing and the remains of the Kjrussich would be buried beneath the ever shifting sand and snow. His father would be proud of him, though. He knew that on this day, he had earned his surname: "J'nah Spear-Arm".

At mission control in Houston, TX, all the status indicators on Harvey Bridges' screen went offline. He cursed. The tense, silent atmosphere in the room as Titan Lander Darwin 1 entered the atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon would be broken with disappointment.

"No status report," he announced, "Looks like the probe must have disintegrated as it went through Titan's atmosphere. Show's over, folks."

title: Hunt (Sci-Fi short story, 797 words)

question: Who is the main character

answer: J'nah is a hunter from an alien species

question: What do the characters see in the sky?

answer: J'nah sees a probe entering the atmosphere

question: what other names does the character want to go by?

answer: He wants to be called "Foeslayer" or "J'nah the Bold"

question: Where does the story take place?

answer: The story takes place on Titan, one of Saturn's moons, and at a mission control office in Houston

question: What is happening in Houston?

answer: They are reviewing the data from a landing craft they launched for Titan.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: J'nah is a primitive alien hunting a beast that killed some of his family's livestock. He lives on Titan, and he's tracked the beast back to its lair. While he confronts it, it is obliterated by a spacecraft falling from the sky. back in Houston, scientists disappointedly assume their lander burned up in Titan's atmosphere.


text:
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

In many areas of the world, taking a deep breath of air can be unhealthy and dangerous.

The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million PREMATURE -- or early -- deaths every year. It estimates that nearly 600,000 of those who die are children under the age of five.

Most of these deaths, WHO officials say, happen in developing countries.

With all this pollution in the air, many people try to protect themselves and reduce their EXPOSURE. So, some people use face masks. You may have seen pictures of people wearing such masks in big cities like Beijing and Tokyo.

But do they work?

One expert tells VOA Learning English that some work much better than others.

“We see lots of air pollution that just passes right through these cloth materials. And for us, it’s an important public health issue because people worldwide are choosing to use these kinds of masks to reduce their exposure.”

[Richard Peltier]

Richard Peltier

Richard Peltier is a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in the Department of Public Health and Health Sciences.

He studies the effects of exposure to air pollution.

Recently, he was the lead author of a study on how well INEXPENSIVE face masks work.

Peltier led a team that tested several types of inexpensive face masks they bought on the streets of Kathmandu, Nepal. These masks are commonly used in other polluted parts of the world.

FIRST, WHAT IS AN N95 MASK?

The N95 is generally considered to be the GOLD STANDARD, or the best. The U.S. government RATES the N95 face mask for people who might work around pollutants. So, air quality experts like Peltier know exactly what it can do and what it cannot do.

Peltier calls the N95 mask a more advanced version of the inexpensive cloth masks that he studied. The researchers used the N95 mask in their study for comparison.

However, Peltier says, N95 masks are either not available or too expensive in many places where pollution is severe. Also, he adds, it is made of paper. So, it can't be washed and reused like cloth face masks.

“But what we find in many parts of the world are the unavailability of N95 masks. You can’t buy these. Or if they are available, they are too expensive. So, people chose to SUBSTITUTE the N95 masks for inexpensive pieces of cloth.”

The face masks that Peltier and his team studied can be bought on city streets in places like China, Nepal and India. He explains that these face masks have some effect -- but not enough.

“So, the masks that we studied do have some effect. It’s not a complete effect and it’s nowhere near comparable to an N95 mask.”

The researchers found that the most popular type of mask -- an inexpensive cloth rectangle that you can wash -- provided little protection against the smallest particles. These particles of pollution are less than 2.5 micrometers and can penetrate deep into the lungs.

He adds that there are other face masks on the market that meet the expectation of an N95 mask. But most of these masks are too expensive. So, they are not an option for people in the developing world.

“But there are other technologies out there -- commercial products – that do sort of meet the expectation of an N95 mask. They do work very, very well. However, one of the issues that we find, is that a lot of these masks are too expensive. They’re not financially ATTAINABLE by many people in the developing world.”

Peltier says if you have a job that pays you $25 a week, you cannot afford a $25-$35 face mask.

WHICH INEXPENSIVE FACE MASK WORKS BEST?

So, among the cheaper cloth face masks -- is there a difference in quality?

Peltier says yes. He explains that cloth masks with EXHALATION VALVES performed better in testing.

However, it is not the exhalation valve itself that makes the mask more effective. Face masks with these valves are usually thicker. The thicker material is what makes the mask better at keeping out pollutants.

“The cloth masks that had exhalation valves were a little thicker in material. There was more material to the masks itself. And we think that’s actually what causes the pollution to be captured by the mask and reducing the exposure. It's not the exhalation valve itself. That valve is merely for a user's comfort. We think that the feature of the mask that makes it most useful is how thick the material is. How much material is between the air pollution and you.”

Also, surgical masks made out of paper performed surprisingly well. In an interview with the New York Times, Peltier explained that these paper masks didn’t fit as SNUGLY to the face. But rather they stuck against the wearer’s wet mouth.

A GOOD FIT IS MOST IMPORTANT

Peltier and other air pollution and health experts agree on one important thing: No matter how much you pay for a mask, they only work if they fit snugly on your face.

But, if they are made out of cloth, too tight is not good either. During his study, Peltier found that if a person pulled their cloth mask too tightly, it lost the ability to filter anything.

FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY

You might think that wearing any type of face mask is better than wearing nothing at all.

“Wearing a face mask – an inexpensive, non-working face mask made out of cloth – does give a false sense of security because it makes you feel like you’re being protected when in fact you’re not. You feel like you’re doing something good for your body to protect yourself from air pollution. But in reality it’s not doing anything at all or it’s doing very little.”

Peltier adds that this false sense of security might prevent you from taking other measures to protect yourself, such as avoiding highly polluted areas or avoiding outside exercise during times of very high pollution.

Health officials around the world warn that air pollution is only getting worse. And not just in poorer countries.

“Air pollution is a global problem and it is growing in MAGNITUDE across the planet. And individuals can make informed decisions about reducing their exposure to air pollution, whether it’s through wearing appropriate masks or avoiding an exposure that will, in fact, have health benefits to that individual.”

And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report.

I’m Anna Matteo.

_Anna Matteo reported on this story for VOA Learning English. Ashley Thompson was the editor._

______________________________________________________________

WORDS IN THIS STORY

PREMATURE – _adj._ happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper, usual, or intended time;

EXPOSURE – _n._ the fact or condition of being affected by something or experiencing something

INEXPENSIVE – _adj._ reasonable in price

GOLD STANDARD – _adj._ a model of excellence

RATE – _v._ to determine or assign the relative rank or class of

SUBSTITUTE – _v._ to put or use in the place of another

ATTAINABLE – _adj._ to be able to come into possession of

EXHALATION – _n._ the action of forcing air out of the lungs

VALVE – _n._ a mechanical device that controls the flow of liquid, gas, etc., by opening and closing

SNUGLY– _adv._ to cause to fit closely

MAGNITUDE – _n._ great size or extent

__________________________________________________________________

Now, test your understand with this short quiz.

Quiz - Do Face Masks Protect Against Air Pollution?

[Quiz - Do Face Masks Protect Against Air Pollution?]

Start the Quiz to find out

question: What is the most effective mask to prevent the effects of air pollution?

answer: N95 is considered as the gold standard for people who might work around pollutants.

question: Why does a mask with exhalation work well?

answer: It is generally made with more material. The exhalation valve does not make a difference, but the more and thicker material makes a difference.

question: Why are N95 masks not worn by the people worried about air pollution?

answer: They are expensive and not readily available.

question: How are premature deaths in children under five prevented?

answer: It is not stated in this article. Masks are mostly worn by adults.

question: Why are cloth materials not suitable for masks to prevent air pollution?

answer: Air pollution particles are less than 2.5 micrometers and can penetrate deep into lungs and easily through washed cloth masks.

question: Why is fit of a face mask so important?

answer: Face masks only work if they fit snugly on your face.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: In big cities like Beijing and Tokyo people have taken to wearing face masks to protect against the effects of air pollution. The inexpensive face masks that are easily available are not effective in keeping the microparticles of air pollution out of people's lungs. N95 masks are recommended, but are not available to normal people. Cloth masks with exhalation valves work better than the other cloth masks.


text:
We will live in the bush.

Not too far from town but still far enough that our neighbors are a 5 minute drive away, regardless of this we will know them well and we will invite eachothers to partys, bake carrot cake and pumpkin muffins with veges I pulled from the garden patch you put in last summer.
They will always be a little gritty but while they're still warm with a little butter your mother had made they're Saturday morning cake stall worthy which is a-okay because the whole batch would be demolished before they had the chance to get cold.

There will be an endless landscape of trees and shrubs and some wirerly gorse I always say I will pull out but never get around to that hides a little stream and a lake not to far off our property that backs into the complete wilderness. We will always be getting the odd stoat into the chicken pen, which although sad, isn't a huge deal and we're left wondering why those cheeky creatures bother staking out the pen in the first place as I never close the hatch door and they're always roaming free, pecking away at the dirt for worms.

We will have a couple of cats, one that we claim came with the house and a few others including that temperamental ginger tom your sister asked us to mind while she was out of state but just fell oh-so-in-love with the with the big city she had to stay and we kept him on full time.
We will have a few dogs too, never any less than two. They will be mutts that we picked up along the way and the runt from the first litter before we got the old girl fixed because you said he reminded you of yourself as a child so we had to keep. They will be allowed to sit on the furniture and sleep on the edge of the bed but it wont matter because it was all second hand from the salvation army or motley, garish stuff we found on the side of the road. Full of cigarette burns and the smell of a couch well loved in more ways than one.

I will have quit smoking tobacco by then but will obviously favour my dope plant over all my other flowers and I will check it several times a day expecting some new bud to have flourished while I was off baking the bread or getting lost in a foreign film I bought when we first met because I wanted to show you I was artsy. I will turn the leaves into curious cookies I offer to our friends who will gladly accept because, hey, free dope. They wont taste that bad although maybe slightly burnt on the bottom but that's okay because it's come to be expected from our ancient oven that never learned how to fully utilize the fan feature.

You will call our house cozy although I will call it delicate and the narow stairwell up to our loft bed will full a sense of childlike wonder every time I climb up after you've been long asleep, silently humming the words to rupunzel and her tower in my head. The old wooden frame will murmer with any movement and the seemingly endless nooks and crannys will be fulled with spiders webs I refuse to suck up with the vacuume cleaner because spiders have feelings too and a special kind of respect that can only come from being and elder.
It will smell of the incense I insit on burning almost constantly and the wood smoke from the fire we have burning in winter but never really goes away in summer.

Sometimes we will make sweet love wrapped in our sheets, guiding ourselves deeper into eachothers bodys with a hunger that's almost insatiable.
Other times we will fuck. Those are the times I'm watching you over sultry eyes as you cut the wood in the backyard and as I make you a nice cuppa to refresh you after your hard work you will grab my hips and wisper in my ear 'bend over' as you throw all inhibitions aside and taste me with loud gasps and moans, taking me against the table and kissing me like you mean it.

The summers will be far too hot and the winters far too cold but we will never complain as we are always prepared with and iced tea and a spliff (I started smoking tobacco again but only with pot) or a generous glass of merlot by the fire.

We will laugh fondly at the mistakes we made and shared together and separately and I will stop caring about my weight and call my mother more often. I will invite my dad over for tea and he will politely drink our sad attempt at home brewed beer because he loves me and wants to show he approves of our lifestyle.

We will still have sad political yearnings but I will have over come my bitter youth and we will connect all over again with photographs of our mohawks and tartan pants with knee high docs and exemplary teenage "fuck you" attitude.
We will gossip less and listen more realizing that life isn't worth worrying about who's screwing who.

We will spend most of our time laughing and some of our time crying because crying is important too and we will always know how to cheer each other up even if we are the cause of each others problems but we will never be miserable because we simply just don't have time for such nonsense.  I will have learned to love myself and my flaws as well as holding yours precious.

I will flirt with natural therapy and Buddhist ideals while you read Oscar Wilde and Virgina Wolfe and we will appreciate life, our hardships and the really, truly, wonderfully, undying, confusing, muddling, joyous bedazzlement that is this is life.

We will live in the bush.

title: Not sure if this is the right place to post this, but this is the first time I have written anything in over 3 years. "We will live in the bush"

question: Summarize everything related to sexual activity.

answer: It is implied that there has been activity on the "well-loved" couch. The narrator and their partner also make love wrapped in theit sheets. Other times they have rougher sex, especially after the narrator watches their partner cut wood in the backyard.

question: Summarize everything relating to food and beverages.

answer: The narrator says they will bake carrot cake and pumpkin muffins with the vegetables they pulled from the garden patch. They will have a chicken pen as well. The narrator will bake marijuana into cookies that will be slightly burned on the bottom. The narrator will also make coffee for their partner to refresh them after their hard work. They will drink iced tea and merlot by the fire.

question: Summarize everything relating to the narrator and their partner's relatives.

answer: The narrator's partner's mother makes butter that she gives to them. They got a ginger tom cat from the narrator's partner's sister. The narrator says they will call their mother more and invite their dad over for tea.

question: What does the story say about the narrator and their partner's children?


text:
[]

Publisher:  St. Martin's Press, New York, USA
Year Published:  1995   First Published:  1988
Pages:  354pp   Price:  20.50   ISBN:  0-312-05233-2
Resource Type:  Book
Cx Number:  CX6247

How does the U.S. political system work and for what purpose? What are the major forces shaping political life and how do they operate? Who governs in the United States? Who gets what, when, how, and why? Who pays and in what ways. These are the central questions investigated in this book.

Abstract:  Michael Parenti proposes in Democracy for the Few that the America is not a pluralistic democracy as it is idealized to be. Conversely, he believes it is a plutocracy where an unelected wealthy capitalist class controls both America's social and political institutions, which they use as tools to legitimize their rule and further their interests. Although democratic in name, Parenti believes the structure of capitalism prevents true democratic freedoms from being realized. He emphasizes that what makes a system democratic is not only its procedures, such as voting, but its outputs, such as an equal distribution of wealth.

Parenti offers a comprehensive and critical look at the entire capitalist American system. He makes frequent use of references and footnotes to support his arguments. Early chapters are devoted to the historical development of America's political system. From the birth of the American Constitution to the present day, Parenti describes how capitalist interests have trumped the interests of the working class. Later chapters are dedicated to modern American institutions such as Congress and the mass media. He illustrates how these institutions provide the illusion of the possibility of democratic change, while actually working to maintain the status quo.

Parenti does admit that there have been some democratic victories in America. However, he stresses they were hard-fought struggles that succeeded despite, and not because of, the current system. Nevertheless, he believes that there are limits to democratic reform because capitalism, by its very structure, is incompatible with democracy. In the end, Parenti suggests that socialism might be the answer. Although he concedes he does not know what kind of socialism is best or how to achieve it, he believes it is necessary to replace the capitalist system with a more democratic system.

[Abstracted by Jared Ong]

Table of Contents

Preface

1. Partisan Politics
Beyond Textbooks
The Politico-Economic System

2. Wealth and Want in the United States
Wealth and Class
Who Owns America?
The Dynamic of Capitalism
Productivity and Human Needs
The Hardships of Working America

3. The Plutocratic Culture: Institutions and Ideologies
American Plutocracy and Cultural Hegemony
Ideology: Right, Center, and Left
U.S. Public Opinion: Which Direction?
Democracy: Form and Substance

4. A Constitution for the Few
Class Power in Early America
Containing the Spread of Democracy
Plotters or Patriots?
Democratic Concessions

5. The Rise of the Corporate State
Serving Business: The Early Years
The Not-so-Progressive Era
The New Deal: Hard Times and Tough Reforms

6. Politics: Who Gets What?
Welfare for the Rich
Taxes: Helping the Rich in their Time of Greed
Deficit Spending and the National Debt
Military Spending: Buttering the Guns
Economic Imperialism

7. Health, Environment, ad Human Services: Sacrificial Lambs
The Poor Gets Less (and Less)
"Urban Removal" and "Mess Transit"
Health and Safety for Nobody
Ecological Disaster

8. Unequal before the Law
Criminal Law: A Double Standard
Victims of the Law
Nonenforcement: When the Law Fails Us

9. Political Repression and National Insecurity
The Repression of Dissent
Political Prisoners, USA
Toward a Police State
The National Security Autocracy

10. The Mass Media: For the Many, by the Few
He Who Pays the Piper
The Ideological Monopoly
Official Manipulation
Political Entertainment
Room for Alternatives?

11. The Greatest Show on Earth: Elections, Parties, and Voters
The Sound and the Fury
The Two-Party Monopoly
The Right to Vote
Voter "Apathy" and Participation
Democratic Input

12. Who Governs? Leaders, Lobbyists, or Labor?
The Ruling Class
Lobbyists: Special Treatment for Special Interests
Grass-Roots Lobbying
Labor Besieged

13. Congress: The Pocketing of Power
A Congress for the Money
A Special-Interest Committee System
Helping Themselves: The Varieties of Corruption
The Legislative Labyrinth
A Touch of Democracy

14. The President: Guardian of the System
Salesman of the System
The Two Faces of the President
A Loaded Electoral College
The "New Federalism" Ploy
The President versus Congress: Who Has the Power?

15. The Political Economy of Bureaucracy
The Myth and Reality of Inefficiency
Secrecy, Deception, and Unaccountability
Bureaucratic Action and Inaction
Serving the "Regulated"
Public Authority in Private Hands
Monopoly Regulation versus Public-Service regulation

16. The Supremely Political Court
Who judges?
Conservative Judicial Activism
Circumventing the First Amendment
As the Court Turns
Influence of the Court

17. Democracy for the Few
Pluralism for the Few
Reform and the "Mixed Economy"
Democracy as Class Struggle
The Two Faces of the State
What Is to be Done?

Index

Subject Headings

-   Agricultural Business/Agribusiness
-   Anti-Democratic Ideologies & Structures
-   Black Issues
-   Bureaucracy
-   Business
-   Campaign Financing/Political
-   Capitalism
-   Children
-   Class Conflict/Class Struggle
-   Communism
-   Crime
-   Democracy
-   Discrimination
-   Elections
-   Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
-   Health Care
-   Image Sources
-   Income Disparities
-   Interest Groups
-   Labour Unions
-   Law
-   Lobbying/Lobby Groups
-   Minority Rule
-   Oil Industry
-   Police
-   Political Parties
-   Politics
-   Poor, The
-   Poverty
-   Property Rights vs. Democracy
-   Race & Class
-   Regulatory Affairs
-   Repression
-   Socialism/Case for
-   Taxation
-   U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
-   U.S. Politics
-   Voting
-   Voting Rights (Suffrage)
-   Wages
-   Women's Issues
-   Working Class

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question: What according to the text is Parenti's take on capitalism?

answer: Parenti believes that capitalism prevents true democratic freedom. He further states that there are limits to democratic reforms because the structure of capitalism is incompatible with democracy.

question: Summarize the plutocratic culture.

question: Summarize Parenti's take on socialism.

answer: Parenti believes that socialism may be better. He isn't sure what kind of socialism would be best or how can it be achieved but he is quite certain that it is necessary to replace the capitalist system with a more democratic system.

question: Summarize a few of the references that Parenti makes to support his arguments.


text:
The 11TH HUSSARS (PRINCE ALBERT'S OWN) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army established in 1715. It saw service for three centuries including the First World War and Second World War but then amalgamated with the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales' Own) to form the Royal Hussars in 1969.

History

[The Earl of Cardigan, by Francis Grant, ca 1841]

Formation to end 18th century

[British dragoon ca 1742] The regiment was formed at Colchester in July 1715 by Philip Honeywood as HONEYWOOD'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOONS, one of 16 raised in response to the 1715 Jacobite rising. It fought in the Battle of Preston that ended the revolt in England and while many of these formations were disbanded in 1718, Honeywood's remained in being.[1]

In the 1745 Jacobite rising, it took part in the December 1745 Clifton Moor Skirmish, allegedly the last military engagement on English soil, as well as Culloden in April, often cited as the last pitched battle on British soil.[2] After 1751, regiments were numbered, rather than being named after the current Colonel, and it became the 11TH REGIMENT OF DRAGOONS.[3]

When the Seven Years' War broke out in 1756, the regiment took part in the 1758 raids on St Malo and Cherbourg.[4] Attempting to divert French forces from Hanover, they failed to achieve this aim and the regiment was shipped to Germany in May 1760 as part of the Marquess of Granby's cavalry corps, winning its first battle honour in July at Warburg.[5] It was also present in the Allied victory at Villinghausen in July 1761, which forced the French onto the defensive and ultimately led to the Treaty of Paris in 1763.[6]

In 1755, each dragoon regiment added a reconnaissance or 'light' troop; in February 1779, these were detached, that from the 11th helping form the 19th Light Dragoons, which in 1862 became the 19th Royal Hussars.[7] While dragoons had previously been mounted infantry, as part of a tactical rethink, the 11th was re-designated in 1783 as 'light cavalry' and became the 11TH REGIMENT OF LIGHT DRAGOONS.[8]

During the French Revolutionary Wars, two squadrons of the 11th Light Dragoons took part in the Duke of York's Low Countries campaign in 1793-95, including the action at Famars and the sieges of Valenciennes and Landrecies.[9] It was also involved in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, including the October 1799 battles of Alkmaar and Castricum.[10]

The 19th century

[Charge of the Light Brigade, October 1854; 11th Hussars, second line, left flank] [Officer of the 11th Hussars, ca 1856, in distinctive 'cherry-picker' colours] With the exception of a short spell in Egypt in 1801, the regiment did not see active service again until it was sent to Portugal in April 1811, where it joined the Peninsular War campaign.[11] In August, one of its squadrons was forced to take cover in an orchard at San Martín de Trevejo in Spain, an incident that may have been the derivation of its nickname, the _Cherry Pickers_.[12] It fought at Badajoz in April 1812 and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 before returning to Britain.[13] During the campaign of 1815, it was part of Vandeleur's 4th Cavalry Brigade, fighting at Quatre Bras and Waterloo.[14] [The 11th Hussars on the 1884 Nile Expedition] In 1819, the regiment moved to India, where it remained until 1836.[15] Shortly before returning to Britain, the Earl of Cardigan became Colonel; he embarked on a series of changes, which were intended to increase regimental prestige but resulted in a number of highly publicised disputes, including the so-called 'Black Bottle' affair.[16]

In 1840, it was named 11TH (PRINCE ALBERT'S OWN) HUSSARS after Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's consort, who later became Colonel-in-chief.[17] Prince Albert's interests included military tactics and equipment and he helped design a new uniform for the regiment named after him.[18] Purely by coincidence, this included “cherry” or crimson coloured trousers, unique among British regiments and worn ever since in most orders, except battledress and fatigues.[19]

The regiment served in the Crimean War, as part of the Light Brigade commanded by Cardigan, now a Major General and fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854.[20] It was also involved in the Charge of the Light Brigade in October 1854; due to miscommunication, Cardigan led the brigade against unbroken and more numerous Russian forces and while able to withdraw to its starting position, it suffered heavy losses as a result.[21]

The 11th lost three officers and 55 men in the debacle,[22] while Lieutenant Dunn was awarded the Victoria Cross for rescuing two members of his troop.[23] Edward Woodham of the 11th Hussars later acted as Chairman of the organising committee for the 21st Anniversary dinner held at Alexandra Palace for survivors of the Charge.[24][25] The regiment was renamed the 11TH (OR PRINCE ALBERT'S OWN) HUSSARS in 1861.[26] A detachment took part in the 1884 Nile Expedition and during the Second Boer War, it participated in the February 1900 Relief of Ladysmith.[27]

The First World War

[11th Hussars machine gun section, Zillebeke winter 1914–1915] The regiment landed in France as part of the 1st Cavalry Brigade in the 1st Cavalry Division in August 1914 for service on the Western Front with the British Expeditionary Force.[28] The regiment took part in the Great Retreat and the regiment, working with the 2nd Dragoon Guards, conducted a cavalry charge which led to the capture of eight guns at Néry in September 1914.[29] In an action during the Battle of Messines in October 1914 a squadron from the regiment endured a heavy German bombardment that left many of its soldiers buried in a trench while another squadron from the regiment used a vantage point at the top of a building to train a machine gun on the Germans.[30] At the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915 the regiment, working with the Durham Light Infantry and 9th Lancers, held the village of Hooge despite being under attack from the German forces using poison gas.[31] In spring 1918 the commanding officer of the regiment Colonel Rowland Anderson led a bayonet assault at Sailly-Laurette which, taking the Germans by surprise, led to them being completely repulsed.[32]

The inter-war years

The regiment was renamed the 11TH HUSSARS (PRINCE ALBERT'S OWN) in 1921;[33] it became the first British cavalry regiment to become mechanized in 1928 and it became involved in suppressing the Arab revolt in Palestine in 1936.[34]

The Second World War

[Men of the 11th Hussars with their Morris CS9 armoured car, taking a halt while on patrol near the Libyan frontier, Egypt, July 1940] The regiment, which had been located in Egypt when the war started, deployed as part of the divisional troops of the 7th Armoured Division and conducted raids on Italian positions in Italian Libya using armoured cars during the Western Desert Campaign. It captured Fort Capuzzo in June 1940[35] and, in an ambush east of Bardia, captured General Lastucci, the Engineer-in-Chief of the Italian Tenth Army.[36]

Following the Italian invasion of Egypt in September 1940, the regiment took part in the British counterattack called Operation Compass, launched against Italian forces first in Egypt, then Libya. It was part of an _ad hoc_ combat unit called Combeforce, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel John Combe, that cut the retreating Tenth Army off and led to their surrender at the Battle of Beda Fomm in February 1941.[37] The regiment fought at the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942. The regiment took part in the Allied invasion of Italy in September 1943 and, after the Normandy landings in June 1944, took part in the North-West Europe Campaign.[38]

Post-war

[11th Hussars monument at the National Memorial Arboretum] The regiment was posted to Wavell Barracks in Berlin in 1945 and, after tours at various locations in Lower Saxony including Jever, Delmenhorst, Osnabrück and Wesendorf, it returned home in March 1953.[39] It deployed to Johor Bahru in Malaya in July 1953 during the Malayan Emergency.[40] After returning home, it moved to Hadrian's Camp in Carlisle as an Armoured Basic Training Unit in August 1956, then to Lisanelly Barracks in Omagh back into the armoured reconnaissance role in August 1959, and then deployed to Aden in November 1960 shortly before the Aden Emergency.[41] It returned to England in November 1961 and then moved to Haig Barracks in Hohne in October 1962 where, after becoming the first regiment to use Chieftain tanks in regular service in 1967, it remained until returning home again in January 1969.[42] The regiment was amalgamated with the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own), to form the Royal Hussars on 25 October 1969.[43]

Regimental museum

The regimental collection is held by HorsePower: The Museum of the King's Royal Hussars which is based at Peninsula Barracks in Winchester.[44]

Notable members

-   James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan — leader of the Charge of the Light Brigade
-   Alexander Roberts Dunn — the first Canadian to win the Victoria Cross
-   Tim Forster — Racehorse trainer of 3 Grand National winners
-   John Ashley Kilvert — survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade and later mayor of Wednesbury
-   David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson — British politician
-   Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall — British politician
-   William Henry Pennington — survivor of the Charge of the Light Brigade and later a Shakespearean actor
-   Nicholas Soames — British politician
-   Prince Michael of Kent
-   Sir Philip Frankland-Payne-Gallwey, 6th Baronet
-   Harry Flashman — fictional anti-hero
-   Antony Beevor — writer
-   John Frederick Boyce Combe — World War II leader of Combe Force
-   Ted Dexter — England international cricketer and administrator

Battle honours

The battle honours of the regiment were as follows:[45]

-   _Early wars_: Warburg, Beaumont, Willems, Egypt, Salamanca, Peninsula, Waterloo, Bhurtpore, Alma, Balaklava, Inkerman, Sevastopol
-   _The Great War_: Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, Messines 1914, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1914 '15, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Somme 1916 '18, Flers-Courcelette, Arras 1917, Scarpe 1917, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Rosières, Amiens, Albert 1918, Hindenburg Line, St. Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Selle, France and Flanders 1914–18
-   _The Second World War_: Egyptian Frontier 1940, Withdrawal to Matruh, Bir Emba, Sidi Barrani, Buq Buq, Bardia 1941, Capture of Tobruk, Beda Fomm, Halfaya 1941, Sidi Suleiman, Tobruk 1941, Gubi I II, Gabr Saleh, Sidi Rezegh 1941, Taieb el Essem, Relief of Tobruk, Saunnu, Msus, Defence of Alamein Line, Alam el Halfa, El Alamein, Advance on Tripoli, Enfidaville, Tunis, North Africa 1940–43, Capture of Naples, Volturno Crossing, Italy 1943, Villers Bocage, Bourguébus Ridge, Mont Pinçon, Jurques, Dives Crossing, La Vie Crossing, Lisieux, Le Touques Crossing, Risle Crossing, Roer, Rhine, Ibbenburen, Aller, North-West Europe 1944–45

Colonels—with other names for the regiment

The colonels of the regiment were as follows (the Kerr family provided the colonels for two-thirds of the regiment's first century):[46]

-   1715 Philip Honywood —Honywood's or Honeywood's Regiment of Dragoons
-   1732 Lord Mark Kerr — Kerr's Regiment of Dragoons

11th Regiment of Dragoons (1751)

A royal warrant provided that in future regiments would not be known by their colonels' names, but by their “number or rank” on 1 July 1751

-   1752 William, Marquess of Lothian
-   1775 James Johnston

11th Regiment of Light Dragoons (1783)

-   1785 Thomas Gage
-   1787 Joseph, Lord Dover KB
-   1789 Studholme Hodgson
-   1798 William, Marquess of Lothian KT
-   1813 Lord William Bentinck GCB GCH
-   1839 Gen. Lord Charles Henry Somerset Manners, KCB
-   1839 Lt-Gen. Philip Philpot

11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars (1840)

-   1840 F.M. Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe-Coburg (The Prince Consort), KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCMG, KSI
-   1842 Gen. Sir Arthur Benjamin Clifton, GCB, KCH
-   1842 Gen. Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (Lord Greenock), GCB
-   1847 Gen. Sir Henry Wyndham, KCB
-   1860 Lt-Gen. James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, KCB

11th (or Prince Albert's Own) Hussars (1861)

-   1868 Gen. George William Key
-   1871 Gen. Charles Hagart, CB
-   1873 Gen. Sir Archibald Little, GCB
-   1875 Gen. William Neville Custance, CB
-   1886 Gen. William Charles Forrest, CB
-   1902 Lt-Gen. Sir Arthur Lyttelton-Annesley, KCB, KCVO

11th Hussars (Prince Albert's Own) (1921)

-   1926 Maj-Gen. Thomas Tait Pitman, CB, CMG
-   1939 Brig-Gen. Sir Archibald Fraser Home, KCVO, CB, CMG, DSO
-   1945 Maj-Gen. John Frederick Boyce Combe, CB, DSO
-   1957 Col. Adam Trevor Smail, DSO
-   1965–1969 Col. Sir John Charles Arthur Digby Lawson, Bt, DSO, MC (to The Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own)
-   _1969 Regiment amalgamated with 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own) to form The Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own)_

[1]

[2] Cannon, p. 8

[3]

[4] Cannon, p. 13

[5] British Army; 11th Dragoons

[6] Cannon, p. 16

[7]

[8]

[9] Cannon, pp. 22–24

[10] Cannon, p. 32

[11]

[12]

[13] Cannon, pp. 50–51

[14]

[15] Cannon, p. 71

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35] Playfair, pp. 113, 118

[36]

[37] Macksey p. 135

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

title: 11th Hussars

question: What legacy did Prince Albert leave in the dress of British soldiers?

answer: He designed red pants which are worn by most British soldiers when they are not in battle dress to this day.

question: What changes came about with the name change of the Hussars in 1862?

answer: They were redesignated from mounted infantry to light cavalry

question: What was the nickname of the 11th Hussars and how did they get the name?

answer: They were known as cherry pickers. One of their squadrons took cover in a Spanish orchard and this is thought to be the origin of the name.


text:
Oh snap! —

Chip launches in second half of 2014, uses ARM's Cortex A53 CPU architecture.

[Inexpensive phones like the Moto G stand to benefit from the Snapdragon 410's new features.]
Inexpensive phones like the Moto G stand to benefit from the Snapdragon 410's new features.

Andrew Cunningham

Qualcomm continues to reveal, bit by bit, its processor roadmap for the upcoming year. At the top of the range we've got the Snapdragon 805, which focuses mostly on improving graphics performance and memory bandwidth. And now we know that the middle of the market will be served by the just-announced Snapdragon 410, a successor to the Snapdragon 400 family that brings a new 64-bit CPU architecture, tweaked GPU, and improved cellular capabilities to "sub-$150" devices.

Rather than one of Qualcomm's own custom-made ARM CPU architectures, the company tells us that Snapdragon 410 will use four of ARM's Cortex A53 CPU cores (some variants of the Snapdragon 400, including the one in the Moto G, already use ARM's Cortex A7, so this move isn't without precedent). The A53 architecture supports the same features as the high-end Cortex A57, but it's a smaller, slower, and more power-efficient core—the relationship between Cortex A53 and A57 is similar to the relationship between the Cortex A7 and A15 cores. The A53 architecture will be faster than the A7 that it replaces, but more interestingly it offers support for the 64-bit ARMv8 instruction set. This makes it Qualcomm's first 64-bit ARM SoC.

The Snapdragon 410 will also include a few other upgrades over the Snapdragon 400 series, including a new Adreno 306 GPU (if the model number is any indication, expect only minor changes from the current Adreno 305). The SoC will support up 13MP cameras and 1080p video playback, leaving playback of 4K and other high-resolution formats in the hands of higher-end chips. Finally, the chip will support LTE connectivity courtesy of a baked-in MSM9x25 modem and Qualcomm's "RF360 Front End Solution," which should enable OEMs to build a single phone model compatible with most common LTE bands rather than the multi-model approach needed with the Snapdragon 400 and older chips.

The Snapdragon 410 will be built on the same TSMC 28nm LP process as current Snapdragon 400 SoCs. Qualcomm will begin sampling the chip to its partners in the first half of 2014, and retail availability should come in the second half of the year.

question: What is Qualcomm?

answer: It seems like a technology company.

question: What are some of the features of Snapdragon 410?

answer: It uses four of ARM's Cortex A53 CPU cores and will support LTE connectivity.

question: What are some of the differences between Snapdragon 410 and 400?

answer: Snapdragon 410 has a new Adreno 306 GPU, the SoC will support up to 13MP cameras and 1080p video playback, and the chip will support LTE connectivity.

question: What is a 64-bit ARM SoC?

answer: That information can't be found in the document.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This document describes when Qualcomm announced Snapdragon 410. It describes the features of Snapdragon 410, and compares it to Snapdragon 400.


text:
PHNOM PENH (Khmer Times) – After listening to diners at the table next to hers speculate about how her father had found “such a young prostitute,” Anya Minko snapped. “He’s my dad, you perverts!” she yelled.

[]

Anya is half-Thai. Her father, Chris Minko, is white.

In Phnom Penh, a city renowned for sex tourism and almost weekly pedophilia scandals, many people are swift to connect the dots when they see a middle-aged white man with a young girl of Asian descent. Sex tourists are so common that the term “sexpat” is commonly used throughout Southeast Asia.

“We’re victims of this sexpat cliché,” Ms. Minko said. “You can tell from the way people look at you. You’re eating peacefully with your dad, and you see people whispering and staring at you.”

Sometimes the criticism is subtle – like customers who fall silent and stare at fathers and daughters when they walk into restaurants. But often it is more overt, with vigilantes who photograph them while they walk along the Riverside threatening to report them to the police, or accusing the father point-blank of pedophilia.

Sometimes, NGOs who fight child prostitution even have informants stalk them.

“The western press’s manic fixation on abusive sex in Cambodia has made the country’s name synonymous with pedophilia, unfairly and inaccurately so,” wrote long-time Cambodia resident Casey Nelson in a blog post in 2011. While the Cambodian sexpat stereotype is often accurate, it also affects innocent fathers and daughters, forcing them to change their lifestyles to avoid harassment.

Pointing Fingers

According to the UN Office of Drugs and Crime, Asian sex tourists outnumber Western sex tourists in Cambodia. But white men continue to be the main targets of suspicion.

Alan Parkhouse is Australian and is the chief sub-editor of the Sunday Bangkok Post, as well as the former editor-in-chief of the Phnom Penh Post. He said he had given little thought to the sex-tourist stereotype until arriving in Phnom Penh on a visit with his teenaged Thai step-daughter.

“We were standing on the Riverside. My step-daughter hadn’t been outside Thailand before, so she was shy and holding my hand. Western people walked by and kept whispering or giving me or her dirty looks. We didn’t understand why. Then it dawned on me – I’m a western man with a 14-year-old girl hanging on him.”

The harassment is not always so subtle. Casey Nelson has lived in Phnom Penh for more than 20 years, and in a 2011 blog post, he wrote about walking on the riverfront with his daughters, aged seven and nine at the time.

According to Mr. Nelson’s account, a female Italian tourist started snapping photos of him and his daughters. “Photo you, Internet, you pedo…for police,” she said. Mr. Nelson confronted her and demanded that she delete her photos, but the woman refused. “I was accused of being a pedophile,” he wrote, “for absolutely no other reason than being a white male in the company of brown children – my son and daughter.”

Mr. Minko, who has raised Anya alone after the death of his wife, faces this sort of harassment regularly.

“This whole fucking pedophilia industry gets on my nerves,” he said. “When I’m walking around with my daughter, wherever we go, people make the assumption that I’m an old sexpat and she’s a hooker.”

Do No Harm?

The tourists accusing these fathers and daughters of sex crimes usually have good intentions – they see themselves as crusaders against child prostitution. When they arrive in the country, they are greeted with billboards and ads on tuk-tuks that urge “responsible tourists” to report possible human trafficking, and they oblige.

These publicity campaigns are usually funded by the country’s legion of anti-sex trafficking NGOs. As part of its 2014 “Child Safe Tourism” campaign, World Vision distributed 120,000 stickers with a hotline to call if tourists see “a child who you believe is at risk of abuse.”

These programs cause some tourists to jump to conclusions about who is a sex predator and who is not. International media coverage of pedophiles in Cambodia feeds into the perception of rampant sexual abuse of minors.

“From their exposure to the press, tourists… think that pedophiles are as common as cockroaches,” Mr. Nelson wrote in his blog post. “Any white man with an Asian-looking child must be a pedo who can simply waltz through tourist areas in broad daylight with a prepubescent child on each hand.”

Informants

Along with enlisting tourists, NGOs use a network of Cambodian informants – many of them tuk-tuk drivers or motodops – to get information about child prostitution rings. Some expats who have lived in the country for more than a decade have been tailed by these informants as they drive through the city with their daughters.

Stories abound on popular expat forum Khmer440.com about motodops who followed fathers home, snapped photos of them walking into their apartment, and questioned their gatekeepers or neighbors.

“We train tuk-tuk drivers as informants, and in addition, we have established a larger network of people at restaurants for the same purpose, to report suspicion of child abuse,” said Seila Samleang, executive director of anti-human trafficking NGO APLE. In 2014 alone, APLE trained 109 tuk-tuk drivers and 61 informants to report suspicious men.

Mr. Samleang denied allegations that his organization trained informants to photograph or follow suspected pedophile sex tourists. He did confirm, however, that other NGOs have trained informants to photograph white men with girls suspected of being underage prostitutes.

Sometimes the investigations uncover child prostitution. But other times, the truth is more innocuous – the suspected sex predator and child prostitute are just a father and daughter, taking a walk to buy ice cream along the Riverside. For these families, the surveillance is taxing. “I get really paranoid, because people take random photos of me walking with [my dad],” Ms. Minko said.

On the Defensive

When she and her father were eating at a Riverside restaurant, they heard German tourists at the neighboring table claiming that Anya was a prostitute. She was 14 at the time. Her father could not tolerate it. “I finally answered the guy in German. I said, ‘Stop making assumptions,’ and slammed his head into the table,” Mr. Minko recalled.

Fathers and daughters who face this sort of daily harassment develop ways to deal with it. Sometimes they confront their accusers directly. “But we can’t walk along the street being aggressive every day,” Mr. Minko said.

The constant judgment has forced them, they say, to behave like they are, in fact, guilty of a crime. They eat only at certain restaurants where the staff and patrons all know them well. They have stopped taking walks on the Riverside. They shop at only certain markets, and rarely go out together. Ms. Minko said she no longer rides on the back of her dad’s motorcycle.

“We tend to stick to a Khmer circle of friends, at one restaurant and at the market,” Mr. Minko said.

Mr. Parkhouse said his daughters figured out from a young age how to avoid harassment. “I would make sure people heard me call him ‘Dad’ so they would realize I was his daughter,” said Michelle Parkhouse, Alan’s half-Thai daughter who currently lives in Sydney.

“It’s so sad that Anya can’t go with her father to certain places,” Mr. Minko said. “It’s sad the way it’s impacted our family.”

Prejudice Without Borders

Ms. Minko wrote a post about this problem on Facebook, and it was immediately flooded with comments by others – mainly Eurasian girls – who have faced the same stereotype in Thailand, Vietnam, and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. “It’s really getting on my nerves that they are looking down on you and your family without knowing you at all,” wrote one commenter.

  Mr. Parkhouse said Phnom Penh is not the only city with a “sexpat” stereotype. When he was in Bangkok, a city notorious for its red light district, he got into a taxi with his daughter Michelle, who was 14 at the time. “The taxi driver asked us if we’d like to go to a short-time hotel,” he said, referring to the hotels where rooms can be rented by the hour for sex.

“Michelle went ballistic on him in two languages. But [the cab driver] was unrepentant – he just said it’s a common sight, an Asian girl with a western man,” Mr. Parkhouse said.

Despite the complex mix of races and ethnicities in Southeast Asia, the simplistic assumption persists that a white man and a Eurasian girl cannot be related, leading tourists to assume the worst. “Things are such a melting pot here,” Ms. Minko said, “but still there are these racist assumptions.”

question: Which of the cities in Cambodia is renowned for sex tourism?

answer: Phnom Penh.

question: Why is Cambodia synonymous with pedophilia and other kinds of abusive sex, even though the actual rate of occurrence is low?

answer: One of the reasons is because of western press's manic fixation on it.

question: What methods do NGO's use to combat sex tourism in Cambodia?

answer: They enlisting the help of tourists and wells as locals (especially tuk-tuk drivers). These volunteers take pictures of anyone they deem suspicious, whether they have evidence or not.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A fair amount of sex tourism happens in Cambodia, but not on the level that is being reported in the western media. The local NGO's in Cambodia are fixated on white men, though a higher percentage of abusive sex crimes is committed by Asian men. This atmosphere of suspicion has cause much stress and angst for mixed-raced families in Cambodia, with people sometimes taking pictures of father and daughter, mistaking them for an older man and a younger prostitute.


text:
_MERENIUS_ is a genus of corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1910.[1]

Species

it contains twelve species:[2]

-   _Merenius alberti_ Lessert, 1923 – Southern Africa
-   _Merenius concolor_ Caporiacco, 1947 – Tanzania
-   _Merenius myrmex_ Simon, 1910 – Guinea-Bissau
-   _Merenius plumosus_ Simon, 1910 (type) – Guinea-Bissau
-   _Merenius proximus_ Lessert, 1929 – Congo
    -   _Merenius p. quadrimaculatus_ Lessert, 1946 – Congo
-   _Merenius recurvatus_ (Strand, 1906) – Ethiopia, East Africa
-   _Merenius secundus_ (Strand, 1907) – Tanzania
-   _Merenius simoni_ Lessert, 1921 – Congo, East Africa
-   _Merenius solitarius_ Lessert, 1946 – Congo
-   _Merenius tenuiculus_ Simon, 1910 – Sierra Leone
-   _Merenius yemenensis_ Denis, 1953 – Yemen

[1]

[2]

title: Merenius

question: What is Merenius?

answer: It is a genus of corinnid sac spiders.

question: Where are they found?

answer: They are found in Africa.

question: Who first found the genus?

answer: Eugene Simon.

question: How many species does the genus contain?

answer: 12.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A Wikipedia page on Merenius - a genus of corinnid sac spiders.


text:
So there I was, running away from the rabbid russian baby mob when suddenly this crazy rich, and hot nerdy chick comes running towards me, stops with the infamous Wonder Woman pose and says "Come with me if you wish to live". I run with her, a car pulls up, the window rolls down, and Keanue Reeves does his ever famous head turn and says "Get in". The back door mysteriously opens, I look at le Wonder Woman chick and say "Lets do it".

Several hours later, after driving through seemingly never ending winding canyon roads, and get to our destination... the WAREHOUSE OF DOOOOOOOM. As we pull around the final corner, the silouette of a van appears, we pull closer and the Mystery Machine shows itself in the headlights... Scooby and those medling kids... fuck it, im going home.

title: Russian mobs, Keanue Reeves and....

question: Who was the narrator running away from?

answer: From the Russian mob.

question: Who comes to the rescue?

answer: A rich, hot, nerdy chick.

question: How does the narrator escape?

answer: Keanue Reeves pulls up in car and drives them away.

question: Where do they drive to?

answer: They drive through long, winding canyon roads to the warehouse of doom.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is running away from a Russian mob, when he is saved by a hot, nerdy chick. They continue running until Keanue Reeves pulls up in the car and tells them to get in. They drive through long, winding canyon roads to a warehouse of doom. The narrator says he is going home.


text:
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Diana Walker
He may be the patron saint of limited government, but Ronald Reagan started out as a registered Democrat and New Deal supporter. An F.D.R. fan, the Gipper campaigned for Helen Gahagan Douglas in her fruitless 1950 Senate race against Richard Nixon and encouraged Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for President as a Democrat in 1952. While he was working as a spokesman for General Electric, however, his views shifted right. "Under the tousled boyish haircut," he wrote Vice President Nixon of John F. Kennedy in 1960, "is still old Karl Marx." By the time it actually happened in 1962, Reagan's decision to cross over to the GOP didn't come as much of a surprise. "I didn't leave the Democratic Party," he famously said. "The party left me."

Next Strom Thurmond, 1964

question: Who is Diana Walker?

answer: The text doesn't say.

question: How many past U.S. presidents are named in this article?

answer: 6.

question: What is the latest year mentioned in this text?

answer: 1964

question: Explain what Reagan said about the Democratic Party in this text and what it implies.

answer: He said, "I didn't leave the Democratic Party, the party left me." By this, he seems to mean that the party he once identified with had changed so drastically, he could no longer identify with it.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article briefly summarizes Ronald Reagan's transition from a member and supporter of the Democratic Party to his eventual inability to identify with the party due to ideological changes it had undergone.


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Easy Gulash Recipes For Fans Of Viennese Cuisine

The classic Gulash is a tasty beef stew of Hungarian origin. It is one of the greatest imports to Viennese cuisine. Before I share my favourite Gulash recipe with you, here is a starter.

Gulash derives its taste from red sweet pepper, sour cream, onions, cumin and marjoram. The hearty red coloured stew is referred to as PÖRKÖLT or PAPRIKÁS in Hungary. The contemporary Hungarian form is a more liquid, soup-like stew, which we Austrians in turn call Gulaschsuppe.

Gulash crosses social and cultural levels in Austria: Originally it was the food of poor people. You can find it in traditional Austrian and Viennese taverns such as Zu den Drei Hackenor Silberwirt, in many Vienna coffeehouses, and in refined restaurants. At many of the most elegant Vienna balls, the hearty stew is served at midnight to fuel ball dancers with energy. For the same reasons, it is equally popular at Austrian ski resorts.

In Austria, the _Gulash_ is most popular in Vienna, and the Austrian regions bordering with Hungary: Lower Austria and the Burgenland.

Where Does Gulash Come From?

[Austrian Gulash]The stew has its origins with the HUNGARIAN SHEPHERDS and later symbolised HUNGARIAN CULTURE and sovereignty in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At the start of the 19th century, the Hungarian Infantry was established in Vienna and created the Austrian variation of _Pörkölt_: Gulash.

In the FIRST AND SECOND WORLD WARS, the stew was a popular meal with the military, as it was easy to prepare, could also be cooked with meat of lesser quality, and provided high energy to the troops, especially when combined with pulses. The mobile kitchen trailer used by the military, invented in Germany at the end of the 19th century, was soon called _Gulaschkanone_.

How To Prepare Gulash

What makes a good gulash is the RIGHT TYPE OF MEAT and the right consistency of the gravy.

BEEF: foreshank, heel of shoulder, shank without bone, or silverside heel. The shanks are aromatic and rich in sinews which turn into gelatine when the meat is gently simmered. The gelatine binds the gravy and reduces the need to add flour. However, this kind of meat will require 1.5 to 2 hours of simmering to get tender. Alternatively you can take
PORK: neck, shoulder, foreshank, leg, hip, cheek. The pork takes much less time to cook.

Ingredients

FOR FOUR TO FIVE PEOPLE
1 kg shank (beef of pork) or other types as mentioned above
1 kg onions
100 gr lard
1 tble spoon of ground sweet pepper (_Rosenpaprika_)
250 ml water
30 gr salt
2 fingers of garlic (crushed)
1 tble spoon of caraway seed (crushed)
1 tble spoon of marjoram
3 tble spoons of tomato puree
1 tble spoon of flour

-   Soak whole ONIONS with outer layer in water for 20 min. Then peel and chop into fine pieces.
-   Heat the lard in a pan and slowly fry the onions.
-   Cut the MEAT in slices, then in cubes. You can remove some or all of the sinews if you prefer.
-   Add the TOMATO PUREE and the ground SWEET PEPPER to the onions, and fry a little with the onions.
-   Add some of the WATER, then add the MARJORAM, CARAWAY SEED and the meat. Cover the pan with a lid and let the gulash simmer on low heat.
-   Finely chop the GARLIC and salt it.
-   Add more water if required, and sprinkle in the flour.
-   Add garlic.
-   Let the stew SIMMER until the meat is tender. Pork should take no more than one hour. Beef, as mentioned above, can take up to two hours.

Variations

The classic beef gulash can be modified by adding different sides. Each of these dishes have their own name:

WIENER SAFTGULASCH: with bread roll
ESZTERHAZYGULASCH: with root vegetables and potatoes
FIAKERGULASCH, also called HERRENGULASCH: with Vienna sausage, a pickled gherkin and fried egg
KARLSBADER GULASCH: with flour and egg balls (Eiernockerl)
BAUERNGULASCH: with bread dumplings (Knödel)

 Vegetarian Gulash

Instead of beef and pork  use POTATOES, BEANS, CHANTERELLES to prepare a vegetarian Gulash. The original method of preparation and spices largely remain the same. The modern Viennese cuisine also knows a PUMPKIN variation (Café Drechsler, for example, used to serve a lovely one!).

Here is my favourite recipe for potato gulash.

Ingredients

FOR FOUR TO FIVE PEOPLE
1 kg potatoes
3 vegetarian sausages
500 g onions
2 cloves of garlic
1 tbsp marjoram
2 tbsp sweet red pepper (paprika)
5 tbsp flour
2 tbsp vegetable oil
1 l bouillon
1 tsp bouillon powder
half a bunch of fresh parsley, or a handful of capers

-   Chop onions in generous cubes and fry them in a little vegetable oil until golden brown. Add 1/8 l of bouillon, spices, stir well and add the remaining bouillon.
-   Cut potatoes in 1.5 x 1.5 cm cubes. Add them to the soup until almost soft.
-   Cut sausages lengthwise, then slice them. Add them to the soup and potatoes.
-   Mix flour with a little water and add to the gulash. Bring to the boil, stir well.
-   Serve the potato gulash with freshly chopped parsley or capers.

go to Wiener Schnitzel Recipe – How To Prepare The Best Wiener Schnitzel
go to Sacher Torte – All About Vienna’s Sacher Cake
go to Gugelhupf – Best Recipes
go to Restaurants in Vienna – Viennese Cuisine reviewed

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question: Why is Gulash most popular in Vienna?

answer: This is probably because Vienna is close to Hungary.

question: Why is Gulash red colored?

answer: It's probably red from the red sweet pepper.

question: What is the easiest step in the recipe?

answer: It seems that adding the garlic into the stew is the easiest step.

question: Why is the right type of meat critical for making a good gulash?

answer: The right type of meat probably affects the consistency.