text:
Colonel HENRY STEEL OLCOTT (2 August 1832 – 17 February 1907) was an American military officer, journalist, lawyer and the co-founder and first President of the Theosophical Society.

Olcott was the first well-known American of European ancestry to make a formal conversion to Buddhism. His subsequent actions as president of the Theosophical Society helped create a renaissance in the study of Buddhism. Olcott is considered a Buddhist modernist for his efforts in interpreting Buddhism through a Westernized lens.

Olcott was a major revivalist of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and he is still honored in Sri Lanka for these efforts. Olcott has been called by Sri Lankans “one of the heroes in the struggle of our independence and a pioneer of the present religious, national and cultural revival”.

Biography

[A replica of the Certification Letter written By Henry Steel Olcott mentioning that he took Pancha Sila for the first time at Vijayananda Galle.]

Olcott was born on 2 August 1832 in Orange, New Jersey, the oldest of six children, to Presbyterian businessman Henry Wyckoff Olcott and Emily Steele Olcott. As a child, Olcott lived on his father's New Jersey farm.[1]

During his teens he attended first the College of the City of New York and later Columbia University,[2] where he joined the St. Anthony Hall fraternity,[3] a milieu of well-known people. In 1851 his father's business failed and he had to leave the university.

While living in Amherst, Ohio, Olcott was introduced to spiritualism by relatives who had formed a spiritualist circle after seeing the Fox sisters on tour in Cleveland.[4] During this period, Olcott became interested in studies of “psychology, hypnotism, psychometry, and mesmerism”[5] In 1853, after returning to New York, Olcott became a founding member of the New York Conference of Spiritualists.[6] He also published letters and articles on spiritualist topics in the _Spiritual Telegraph_ under the pseudonym “Amherst.”[7]

From 1858 to 1860 Olcott was the agricultural correspondent for the _New York Tribune_ and the _Mark Lane Express_, but occasionally submitted articles on other subjects. He was present for John Brown's execution.[8]

He also published a genealogy of his family extending back to Thomas Olcott, one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut, in 1636.

In 1860 Olcott married Mary Epplee Morgan, daughter of the rector of Trinity parish, New Rochelle, New York. They had four children, two of whom died in infancy.

He served in the US Army during the American Civil War and afterward was admitted as the Special Commissioner of the War Department in New York. He was later promoted to the rank of colonel and transferred to the Department of the Navy in Washington, DC. He was well respected, and in 1865, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, assisted in the investigation of the assassination.

In 1868 he became a lawyer specializing in insurance, revenue, and fraud.

[The spirit materialization of Safar Ali Bek, a drawing from Olcott's book _People from the Other World_.] In 1874 he became aware of the séances of the Eddy Brothers of Chittenden, Vermont. His interest aroused, Olcott wrote an article for the _New York Sun_, in which he investigated Eddy Farms. His article was popular enough that other papers, such as the _New York Daily Graphic_, republished it. His 1874 publication _People from the Other World_ began with his early articles concerning the Spiritualist movement.

Also in 1874, Olcott met Helena Blavatsky while both were visiting the Eddy farm. His foundational interest in the Spiritualist movement and his budding relationship with Blavatsky helped foster his development of spiritual philosophy.

Olcott continued to act as a lawyer during the first few years of the establishment of the Theosophical Society, in addition to being a financial supporter of the new religious movement. In early 1875 Olcott was asked by prominent Spiritualists to investigate an accusation of fraud against the mediums Jenny and Nelson Holmes, who had claimed to materialize the famous “spirit control” Katie King (Doyle 1926: volume 1, 269–277).

In 1880 Helena Blavatsky and Olcott became the first Westerners to receive the refuges and precepts, the ceremony by which one traditionally becomes a Buddhist; thus Blavatsky was the first Western woman to do so.[9] Olcott once described his adult faith as “pure, primitive Buddhism,” but his was a unique sort of Buddhism.[10]

Theosophical Society

From 1874 on, Olcott's spiritual growth and development with Blavatsky and other spiritual leaders would lead to the founding of the Theosophical Society. In 1875, Olcott, Blavatsky, and others, notably William Quan Judge, formed the Theosophical Society in New York City, USA. Olcott financially supported the earliest years of the Theosophical Society and was acting President while Blavatsky served as the Society's Secretary.

In December 1878, they left New York in order to move the headquarters of the Society to India. They arrived at Bombay on February 16, 1879.[11] Olcott set out to experience the native country of his spiritual leader, the Buddha. The headquarters of the Society were established at Adyar, Chennai as the Theosophical Society Adyar, starting also the Adyar Library and Research Centre within the headquarters.

While in India, Olcott strove to receive the translations of sacred oriental texts which were becoming available as a result of western researches. His intent was to avoid the Westernized interpretations often encountered in America, and to discover the pure message of texts from the Buddhist, Hindu, and Zoroastrian religions, in order to properly educate Westerners.

Olcott's research and translation efforts put him in dialogue with early, ostensibly secular anthropologists and scholars of religion. He corresponded extensively with Max Müller, asking questions related to his interest in Hinduism and Buddhism and sharing discoveries from his travels in South Asia. He also personally met both Müller and Edward Burnett Tylor at least once at the University of Oxford.[12]

[Helena Blavatsky standing behind Henry Steele Olcott (middle seated) and Damodar Mavalankar (seated to his left) in Bombay 1881.]

Olcott's main religious interest was Buddhism, and he is commonly known for his work in Sri Lanka. After a two-year correspondence with Ven. Piyarathne Thissa, he and Blavatsky arrived in the then capital Colombo on May 16, 1880.[13][14] Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steele Olcott took Five Precepts at the Wijayananda Viharaya located at Weliwatta in Galle on May 19, 1880.[15] On that day Olcott and Blavatsky were formally acknowledged as Buddhists, although Olcott noted that they had previously declared themselves Buddhists, while still living in America.[16]

During his time in Sri Lanka Olcott strove to revive Buddhism within the region, while compiling the tenets of Buddhism for the education of Westerners. It was during this period that he wrote the _Buddhist Catechism_ (1881), which is still used today.

The Theosophical Society built several Buddhist schools in Ceylon, most notably Ananda College in 1886, Dharmaraja College Kandy in 1887, Maliyadeva College Kurunegala in 1888, Siddhartha Kumara Maha Vidyalaya (First named as“Buddhist boy's School”) Gampaha in 1891, Mahinda College Galle in 1892, Nalanda College, Colombo in 1925, Musaeus Girls College in Colombo and Dharmasoka College in Ambalangoda. Olcott also acted as an adviser to the committee appointed to design a Buddhist flag in 1885. The Buddhist flag designed with the assistance of Olcott was later adopted as a symbol by the World Fellowship of Buddhists and as the universal flag of all Buddhist traditions.

Helena Blavatsky eventually went to live in London, where she died in 1891, but Olcott stayed in India and pursued the work of the Theosophical Society there. Olcott's role in the Theosophical Society would still be as President, but the induction of Annie Besant sparked a new era of the movement. Upon his death, the Theosophical Society elected her to take over as President and leader of the movement.

Buddhist catechism

Text of “Buddhist Catechism”

[Henry Olcott and Buddhists (Colombo, 1883).] Olcott's “Buddhist Catechism”, composed in 1881, is one of his most enduring contributions to the revival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, and remains in use there today. The text outlines what Olcott saw to be the basic doctrines of Buddhism, including the life of the Buddha, the message of the Dharma, the role of the Sangha. The text also treats how the Buddha's message correlates with contemporary society. Olcott was considered by South Asians and others as a Buddhist revivalist.[17]

It is presented in the same format of question and answer used in some Christian catechisms. Here are a few examples from that text:

Olcott's catechism reflects a new, post-Enlightenment interpretation of traditional Buddhist tenets. As David McMahan stated, “[Olcott] allied Buddhism with scientific rationalism in implicit criticism of orthodox Christianity, but went well beyond the tenets of conventional science in extrapolating from the Romantic- and Transcendentalist-influenced 'occult sciences' of the nineteenth century.”[18]

Olcott's science and theosophy

The Theosophists combination of spiritualism and science to investigate the supernatural reflected the society's desire to combine religion and reason and to produce a rationally spiritual movement. This “occult science” within the Theosophical Society was used to find the “truth” behind all of the world's major religions. Through their research, Olcott and Blavatsky concluded that Buddhism best embodied elements of what they found significant in all religions.

Olcott utilized scientific reasoning in his synthesis and presentation of Buddhism. This is clearly seen in a chapter of his “Buddhist Catechism”, entitled “Buddhism and Science”. Notably, his efforts represent one of the earliest attempts to combine scientific understanding and reasoning with Buddhist religion.[19] The interrelationship he saw between Buddhism and Science paralleled his Theosophical approach to show the scientific bases for supernatural phenomena such as auras, hypnosis, and Buddhist “miracles”.

Death and legacy

Olcott was President of the Theosophical Society until his death on February 17, 1907.

Two major streets in Colombo and Galle have been named Olcott Mawatha, to commemorate him. A statue of him has been erected in front of Colombo Fort Railway Station. Many other schools that he helped found or have been founded in his memory possess commemorative statues in honour of his contribution to Buddhist education. He is still remembered fondly by many Sri Lankans today. On September 10, 2011, a statue of Colonel Olcott was unveiled at a Buddhist temple near Princeton, New Jersey.[20]

The date of his death is often remembered by Buddhist centers and Sunday schools in present-day Sri Lanka, as well as in Theosophical communities around the globe. Olcott believed himself to be Asia's savior, the outsider hero who would sweep in at the end of the drama to save a disenchanted subcontinent from spiritual death.[21]

The effort to revitalize Buddhism within Sri Lanka was successful and influenced many native Buddhist intellectuals. Sri Lanka was dominated by British colonial power and influence at the time, and many Buddhists heard Olcott's interpretation of the Buddha's message as socially motivating and supportive of efforts to overturn colonialist efforts to ignore Buddhism and Buddhist tradition. This was despite the fact that his re-interpretation of the Buddha was along modern liberal ideas promoted by the British in Sri Lanka. As David McMahan wrote, “Henry Steel Olcott saw the Buddha as a figure much like the ideal liberal freethinker – someone full of 'benevolence,' 'gratitude,' and 'tolerance,' who promoted 'brotherhood among all men' as well as 'lessons in manly self-reliance”.[22] His Westernized view of Buddha influenced Sri Lankan leaders, such as Anagarika Dharmapala.

Olcott and Anagarika Dharmapala were associates, which reflects both men's awareness of the divide between East and West—as seen in their presentation of Buddhism to the West.[23] Olcott helped financially support the Buddhist presence at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago, 1893. The inclusion of Buddhists in the Parliament allowed for the expansion of Buddhism within the West in general and in America specifically, leading to other Buddhist Modernist movements.

As Stephen Prothero wrote,

  It was Olcott who most eloquently articulated and most obviously embodied the diverse religious and cultural traditions that shaped Protestant Buddhism, who gave the revival movement both its organizational shape and its emphasis on education-as-character-building. The most Protestant of all early Protestant Buddhists, Olcott was the liminoid figure, the griot who because of his awkward standing betwixt and between the American Protestant grammars of his youth and the Asian Buddhist lexicon of his adulthood was able to conjure traditional Sinhalese Buddhism, Protestant modernism, metropolitan gentility, and academic Orientalism into a decidedly new creole tradition. This creole tradition Olcott then passed on to a whole generation of Sinhalese students educated in his schools.[24]

Olcott is probably the only major contributor to the nineteenth-century Sinhalese Buddhist revival who was actually born and raised in the Protestant Christian tradition, though he had already left Protestantism for Spiritualism long before he became a Buddhist. His childhood Protestantism is a reason that many scholars have referred to the Buddhist modernism he influenced as “Protestant Buddhism”.[25]

Works

-   _Sorgho and Imphee, the Chinese and African sugar canes_; A. O. Moore, New York 1857
-   _Outlines of the first course of Yale agricultural lectures_; C. M. Saxton, Barker & Co., New York 1860
-   _Descendents of Thomas Olcott_, 1872
-   _Human Spirits and Elementaries_; 1875
-   _People from the other world_ American Publishing Co., Hartford 1875
-   _A Buddhist catechism_; Madras 1881
-   _Theosophy, Religion, and Occult Science_; New York 1885
-   _Old Diary Leaves_ (6 volumes), (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1895)
-   _The Hindu Dwaita Catechism_; 1886
-   _The Golden Rules of Buddhism_; 1887
-   _The kinship between Hinduism and Buddhism_; The Maha-Bodhi society, Calcutta 1893
-   _The Poor Pariah_; Addison & Co., Madras 1902
-   _The Life of the Buddha and its Lessons_; 1912
-   _The Spirit of Zoroastrianism_; 1913
-   _Old diary leaves, Inside the occult, the true story of Madame H. P. Blavatsky_; Running Press, Philadelphia 1975 (reprint);

[1] Janet KERSCHNER, _The Olcott Family_

[2] Remembering H. S. Olcott

[3] Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities ...: Information and Much More from Answers.com at www.answers.com

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Olcott's Old Diary Leaves, pg. 322; Amherst, “A Word to Mediums,” _Spiritual Telegraph_, October 27, 1855.

[8]

[9] _Current Perspectives in Buddhism: Buddhism today : issues & global dimensions_, Madhusudan Sakya, Cyber Tech Publications, 2011, page 244

[10] Prothero, Stephen. “Henry Steele Olcott and 'Protestant Buddhism'” pg.285.

[11] Combined Chronology of The Mahatma Letters – Preface

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] Olcott in Caldwell (2000)

[17] Prothero, Stephen. “Henry Steel Olcott and 'Protestant Buddhism'” pg.283

[18] McMahan, David L. _The Making of Buddhist Modernism_ USA: Oxford University Press, 2008. 95.

[19] McMahan, David L. _The Making of Buddhist Modernism_ USA: Oxford University Press, 2008. 99.

[20] Ed Abdill _Olcott statue unveiled in New Jersey._

[21] Prothero, Stephen. “Henry Steel Olcott and 'Protestant Buddhism'” pg.295

[22] McMahan, David L. _The Making of Buddhist Modernism_ USA: Oxford University Press, 2008. McMahon 95.

[23] McMahan, David L. _The Making of Buddhist Modernism._ USA: Oxford University Press, 2008. Pg 95.

[24] Prothero, Stephen. “Henry Steel Olcott and 'Protestant Buddhism'” pg.296/297

[25] Prothero, Stephen. "Henry Steel Olcott and what has been termed by scholars as “Protestant Buddhism”." _Journal of the American Academy of Religion_ 63.2 (Summer 1995): 281–302. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. EBSCO. Norlin, Boulder, Colorado. 27 April 2009, pg. 283

title: Henry Steel Olcott

question: Why was Olcott successful in revitalizing Buddhism in Sri Lanka and similar Asian countries?

answer: Because he was able to translate ancient Buddhist principles to something modern-day people can understand and relate to. Also, his work was in opposition to the colonial power of the time, a situation that pleased the locals.


split: train

text:
Campo Grande Brazil to Santa Cruz Bolivia

John and I started our journey across the Pantanal at 5am, Jan 8. We had bought the bus ticket from CG to Corumba (the Brazilian border town) the day before, so we just grabbed our bags and jumped in a taxi to the bus station. We had done the Brazilian bus thing twice before, so no worries. Great, wide fields passed by our windows on the comfortable but not luxurious Marcopolo model bus. Cows and horses meandered through pastures, while the bus driver picked up hitchhikers along the way. Most were farmers or ranch hands, and it seemed like they were paying for their ride, to the driver or the bus company, we'll never know. The 6 hour bus ride to Corumba ended uneventfully, as the driver pulled into the sunny and dusty bus station. We had a traditional, rural Brazilian lunch: a deep fried ham and cheese hot-pocket-looking thing, as well as a "chicken dick", deep fried chicken wrapped on a skewer in a very phallic shape. We had seen the items before in Rio and São Paulo, but abstained previously. After lunch, we used the dilapidated bathroom for R$1, no toilet seat and trashbins in each stall filled with used toilet paper. The plumbing isn't too developed in Brazil, so you can't flush your TP (but that hasn't stopped us).

After refueling at the bus station, we got in another taxi and directed the driver to the "frontera". He drove along paved and unpaved roads, blasting Cobra Starship's "You Make Me Feel Good", although his driving style made us feel anything but that. He dropped us off at the Brazilian border guard building at around 2pm. In Brazil, you receive a stamp on an entry slip, and you keep that paper until you leave. None of the cars stopped at the border, which seemed odd, but I guess if you have a local license plate you are good to go (all the license plates have the town and province the car is registered to on them). The Brazilian border guard office line took about 1 hour (50 people deep), and John and I were worried we would miss the 4 o'clock afternoon train from Puerto Quijarro to Santa Cruz. We practiced our Spanish a bit on a family behind us, asking when the train leaves Quijarro. 4am they said. If traveling has taught me anything, take what people say with a grain of salt, unless there is tangible evidence around you to back it up. Either people are grossly misinformed, they are trying to scam you, or there has been a miscommunication between the two of you and they are talking about something else. After getting our exit stamp, we rushed out of the sweltering office, took a quick pic on the Bolivian border, and hoofed it to the Bolivian border office, intent on catching the train.

A man solicited us for a taxi ride to the train station, we obliged but said we needed visas first. He directed us to the "correct" side of the 400 sq ft shack. The shack was filled with 4 desks, behind which were as many Bolivian border employees. 3 desks were against one wall, the remaining against the opposite wall. None of the desks had a title above them to indicated their function, and each had a small mountain of paperwork monopolizing most of the top. We waited on the longest line behind the middle desk. We handed over our paperwork, and muchacho número uno tells us we need a copy of our passport, yellow fever vacs, and Mastercards. He points to the non-existent Xerox machine behind him. Confused and feeling rushed to catch the train, we stumble out of the shack and see Bolivia's version of FedexKinkos 500 feet across the border. As we walk over, a "cambio" or forex man asks us if we need some Bolivianos. His rate is reasonably close to the market spot rate, and we trade 10 reals for 30 bolivianos. John and I make our way through the street to FedExKinkos, dodging rubble piles in the streets (these are very popular in Bolivia, as I will detail later). We make copies, and head back to the border shack. It's 3:45pm, and we have only 15 minutes to catch the train. We run into our taxi man, who now seems frustrated, and he hurries us along. We wait online again, only to forget that we didn't make copies of our Mastercards. After another dash across the bombed-out-looking street, and more confusion in the shack, we pay $270 for our 2 visas. It is well past 4pm, and we are hoping that Bolivia is like Brazil, and trains don't run on time. We finally leave the shack and enter the town of Puerto Quijarro, Bolivia.

The sun beats down on the dusty border town, with depressed women working the various shops. Broken fridges are filled with gatorade and Coke. Cars with cracked windshields zoom along the avenues, and moto-taxis wait under awnings for their next fare. Farm stands sell fruits and vegetables that Lonely Planet has told us not to eat. Shady characters walk around, with not much to do. There might have been more trash than pavement on the streets. Quijarro probably has Tijuana and Nuevo Laredo beat for places you don't want to be.

Taxi man takes us to another "cambio", and we lighten our load of reals and dollars for some Bolivianos. This cambio was an old woman, sitting with her friends on the sidewalk. You could tell she was a shark: reading glasses on a chain, calculator in one hand, fanny pack in the other, and very quick to speak. Her rate was not as good as the last. After loading up on the local currency, we go to the train station, hoping the train hasn't left. It hadn't. However, a nice European traveler informs us in English that tickets are sold out for the day. Not wanting to spend the night in this town, we start talking to some Brazilians we saw at the border. They tell us that one of the train station workers is scalping tickets for the train at a healthy 25% profit. Fuck it, we are trying to get out of here. I ask him "Tiene boletas?", but he doesn't seem interested in dealing with gringos. The train departs, us and the Brazilians ticketless. They have the idea of taking a bus, which is cheaper and 6 hours quicker than the train. We follow them to the station. It's 5pm.

This is probably the weirdest, most destitute hub of transport I've seen in my life. Think the equivalent of Grand Central's aborted 2 week old fetus. Shifty characters sit on plastic chairs on the concrete slab floor, protected from the sun by a metal roof. Bus companies have the incompetent slinging tickets from behind counters that are more fit to be lemonade stands. The stands are hand painted, and the tickets hand written. Stray dogs come in and out of the station, searching thru the garbage can in the center for some discarded food. 7 year old girls walk around with trays of cigarettes and candies. A young, hustleresque boy sells refills for prepaid phones. Another cambio declares his purpose every few minutes to the crowd. Drink vendors sling water and sodas out of one-time use styrofoam coolers that were clearly being used their 50th time. There are no prices for drinks, you ask for what you want and you get a quote. I got the quote of 20 bolivianos for two 2 liter bottles of water. Fuck it, I'm thirsty. I don't think I saw a content face in that crowd.

The Brazilians helped us buy tickets for the 730 to Santa Cruz. An 8 hour ride we were told. We killed two hours in the station as the sun went down, and painfully handed over our bags to the bus company to be stored under the bus. Seems like my Canon camera found its way into a local's hands. The bus ride was harrowing; the driver straddled the center line, used the inside lane for curves, and overcorrected just about every turn of the wheel he made. We finally made it to Santa Cruz at 4am, checked into our hotel and passed out.

title: Campo Grande to Santa Cruz

question: Summarize the travel woes of the narrator and John.

answer: They are delayed greatly with paperwork at the border between Brazil and Bolivia but manage to arrive at the train station before the train departs. However, the tickets are sold out. They learn about a scalper, but he refuses to deal with foreigners. They decide to ride the bus with some Brazilians, which takes them to a miserable transport hub. When they finally manage to board the bus, the narrator is short of his Canon camera. The bus driver drives dangerously, but they arrive at Santa Cruz alive and pass out at their hotel.

question: What does the story say about South American jungle diseases?


text:
CLIFFORD JOCELYN OFFER[1] (b 10 August 1943) was Archdeacon of Norwich from 1994[2] to 2008.[3]

Offer was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, Exeter University and Westcott House, Cambridge. After a curacy at St Peter and St Paul, Bromley he was Team Vicar for Southampton City Centre from 1974 to 1983; He was Team Rector of Hitchin from 1983 to 1994.[4]

[1] Open Corporates

[2] _Church news._ The Times (London, England), Wednesday, September 22, 1993; pg. 603 Issue 64755

[3] Crockfords (London, Church House, 2008/9) p 603

[4] ‘OFFER, Ven. Clifford Jocelyn’, Who's Who 2017, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2017; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2016 ; online edn, Nov 2016 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U28774, accessed 22 Dec 2016]

title: Clifford Offer

question: How old was Clifford Jocelyn Offer when he became Archdeacon of Norwich?

answer: He was 56 years old.

question: How long was Clifford Jocelyn Offer Archdeacon of Norwich?

answer: He was Archdeacon of Norwich for 14 years.

question: Summarize all the information relating to Clifford Jocelyn Offer's education.

answer: He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, Exeter University and Westcott House, Cambridge.

question: Summarize all the information relating to Clifford Jocelyn Offer's early career.

answer: He completed a curacy at St. Peter and St. Paul, Bromley. Afterward he was Team Vicar for Southampton City Centre from 1974 to 1983. He was Team Rector of Hitchin from 1983 to 1994.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Clifford Jocelyn Offer was Archdeacon of Norwich from 1994 to 2008.


text:
_MAGYAR SZÓTÁR_ (A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language) is a Hungarian language reference work in two volumes, by Hungarian translator Tibor Bartos published in 2002 by Corvina kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. It is a cross of a dictionary of synonyms and a thesaurus. Rather than relying on methods of computational linguistics, the vocabulary has been compiled manually as a by-product of translation work done by the author over his lifelong career as a translator of literary works.

Volume One is the dictionary itself, while Volume Two is an alphabetical index of words contained therein.

The subtitle explains the nature of the work as: “A repertory of words and phrases explaining each other, Book 1 and 2.” Though he does not use the word _recursion_, the whole project is a study on recursion in the Hungarian language.

Bartos’ credo

“Words are not synonyms on their own. What happens is, that we, speaking the same language, “match make them” every day... You never look for a word by locating it as a vector diagram in a system theory... The latest edition of Encyclopædia Britannica does not even waste space for synonyms... The ambition to locate the appropriate word for the correct use of language is sought no more...”

Perhaps that was written in anticipation of the criticism published before his dictionary was actually published, on behalf of the professional lexicographers and taxonomists, such as Rudolf Ungvári, an authority in preparing thesauri in Hungarian, protesting the advent of "an outsider” in lexicography or taxonomy. But by the token of his original degree in ethnography or cultural anthropology Tibor Bartos, not to mention his tremendous amount of superb translation of literary works, is undoubtedly an authentic person to turn to when having problems with putting the right Hungarian words together in composition, translation or originating other ideas in writing to meet different stylistic criteria. It is another issue though that the representation of his knowledge is not in par with the output of NLP technology available today.

Biography

Tibor Bartos was born in Újpest, Hungary, on August 1, 1933. He graduated from Idegen Nyelvek Főiskolája and was working between 1954 and 1965 as an editor of Európa Könyvkiadó. He translated works by Albee, Arde, Barthelme, Becket, Behan, Bierce, Capote, Cary, Chesterton, Delillo, Dickens, Dos Passos, George Eliot, Ellison, Franklin, Fussel, Hagen, Hardy, John Irving, Kerouac, Kesey, D. Lessig, Oscar Lewis, London, Macdonald, MacLeish, Malz, Matthiessen, H. Miller, Moyes, O'Henry, Pinter, Pirsi, Poe, Roddenberry, Rosengarten, Stoker, Styron, Swinburne, Thackeray, Thurber, Updike, Vivian, Warren, Wesker, Tom Wolfe and Wongar. His awards include Wessely László díj (1981) and Év Könyve (1985). He died on 26 March 2010, after long illness.

Contents

Book One

1.  Szótár-magyarázó (Rationale)
2.  Fogalomkörei (The broad concepts or categories grouped under numbers)
3.  Hogyan forgassuk (Guide to browsing)
4.  Tár (List of words and phrases)

Book Two

1.  Betűrendes eligazítás (Alphabetic index)

title: Magyar szótár

question: Summarize the reasons that this dictionary exists.

answer: The information has been personally and manually compiled rather than relying on computational linguistics to inform the dictionary's development and expansion. The book is recursive, and its contents are informed by language as a breathing, living thing that does not exist in a vacuum. That is to say, language is wholly contingent upon its context in usage amongst humans (in this case), according to the dictionary's creator Tibor Bartos.

question: Summarize the precursors to this sort of linguistic work in other language and/or language families.


text:
  The man straightened his collar as he looked into the mirror, dreading having the "talk" with his son, Simon. No not that talk, a different talk. Simon got into a fight at school today. The principal said Simon didn't start it. That wasn't what concerned him, what did was the condition of the young man his son beat.

He closed his eyes and tried to come up with the right words. His thoughts quickly turned to prayers, because he had no idea what to say. After awhile he opened his eyes, he need not make his son wait any longer. He had sent Simon up to his room right after they got home from the meeting with the principal.

"It's time to bite the bullet." He encouraged himself as he left the bathroom.

He walked to Simon's room where he found the door open, waiting for him. His son was sitting at his computer desk, he let out a sigh to let him know he was there then walked over and sat on the bed. His son tuned to face him.

"Dad, I swear I didn't mean to hurt him that bad. He just kept on and on. He slapped me and I know you always say turn the other cheek, but I couldn't. I had no choice something inside of me just took over. I FELT LIKE A MONSTER! I promise all I wanted was for him to leave me alone." As his son spoke tears filled his eyes, he could tell he thought he had hurt his father. Simon's shirt was ripped and his knuckles was bloody.

"I understand more then you know."  He said with a smile.

"You do?" Simon said shocked.

"Yes, I guess you could say temper runs in the family."

"I have never seen you even get cranky before." Simon protested.

"Ah, but I am old. I have had many more years then you have to learn to control it."

"How can I be sure it won't happen again?" Simon asked as tears ran down his face.

"You should be kind to everyone, even the undeserving. It is not our place to judge. Turn the other cheek, know that if you don't bad things are to come, just like today. As you get older, the bad things worsen. There are even things you can watch for and avoid like I do."

"Like what daddy?"

"Confrontation, arguments or anything that may make you angry. If you have a thought or have a hard time calming down, go to somewhere you can be alone. Then yell and do whatever you need to get it out. I like a dark place personally."

"Like your study, is that why you had it sound proofed?" Simon asked.

His father not answering rose to his feet. Simon stood up and hugged his father.

"So I'm not in trouble?"

"Of course not. How bad did he hurt you?" He asked.

"My lip was bleeding, I think it stopped though. I'm okay." Simon answered.

"Go change your shirt and wash your hands, we are going for ice cream. That feels good on a busted lip." His father said with a smile leaving the room.

He could see Simon was happy, but he was not. He closed the door to his study and walked into the bathroom.

"Pick on my son." He said as he began to lose his temper.

"Slap my son." His heart raced and his hands stiffened and snapped.

"Bust his lip." His face tightened.

"Made him feel like a monster?" He asked himself.

He slammed his once human hands into the wall, he slammed his foot into the toilet. Water ran all over his feet as though a fresh cooling effect. He rested his clawed hands on the sink and in snapped and cracked under the pressure. His gaze turned to the mirror. Fangs, slit eyes that even to this day remind him of a cat and bone piercing his skin making horns.

"A monster." He whispers to himself.

A voice from deep within him speaks, "one day, you will have to tell him. He is my son too."

"Dad? Are you ready?" Simon's voice called out from the study.

"Oh yeah, just gotta change my shoes, I'll meet you in the car." He listened until he heard the door close to his study.

His gaze returned to the mirror now a man who is growing old looks at him instead of the beast that lives inside.

"I know that." He tells it, he knows it can hear him. It's always listening. "Today isn't that day."

He combed down his whitening hair and changed into dry shoes and met Simon outside.

"Dang dad, what took so long?"

"We have to stop by Lowe's, I need to place an order." He answered.

"Toilet in your study is messing up again?!" Simon asked.

"I guess I'm not the plumber I thought I was." He answered with a smile.

"Geez dad, I would have gave up by now. You have the patience of a saint."

title: [MF] The Understanding Father

question: Why did Simon get into a fight?

answer: It is unclear. We know the other boy slapped him first.

question: How does the father feel about his son being attacked?

answer: Enraged enough to bring out a literal beast that he likes to keep hidden.

question: What is the beast inside the father described as?

answer: A horned creature with cat-like eyes and clawed hands. It also displays superhuman strength.

question: Was Simon hurt in the brawl?

answer: He git a bloody lip.

question: How does the father decide to make his son feel better?

answer: He takes him for ice-cream.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A father consoles and advises his son after he gets into a fight at school. The father, filled with anger at his son's attackers, goes to his study where he briefly unleashes a beast that lives inside him.


text:
A man named Nate has been telling Louis Theroux about his heroin addiction in the tent he lives in by the river in Huntington, West Virginia. Nate feels comfortable with his addiction, he says, and has never felt the need to go to rehab.

The conversation turns to Nate’s 12-year-old son, who he never sees – because of the drugs. He would have liked to have been there for his son, he says. He loves him, and he has missed out on so much of his life … And talking about it seems to sow a seed of doubt in Nate’s mind, about heroin being such a brilliant idea. “You’re killing me, bro,” he tells Louis, and then he deals with it, by shooting up, into a scab in his arm. And then it’s all OK again. He describes what it’s like: “It’s kind of like a stick of dynamite that’s going to do absolutely nothing in the world except make you feel as good as you can possibly feel.”

Nate is just one of the tragic characters in LOUIS THEROUX: DARK STATES – HEROIN TOWN (BBC2, Sunday). There’s Petty Betty and Mickey and Alisha, and Katillia. Oh God, lovely Katillia whose boyfriend at first seems to be taking care of her, but it soon emerges that their relationship is exploitative and abusive.

Somehow, they all open up to the Englishman with the awkward demeanour. It’s as if he knows where the invisible string in their backs is, which he pulls to make them talk. Or perhaps it’s just that look he has: tell me about it. And they do; they might lie to their families, and to themselves, but to Louis they tell it like it is.

There are a couple of moments of almost-humour. Does Louis address Petty Betty as Petty or Betty, or something else? And it’s quite funny when he asks Mickey, all politely and posh-Englishly, as if he’s asking him if he’d like a cup of tea: “Have you sucked a dick to get high?” But then, when you think about what he’s asking, it’s not actually so funny.

Mostly, it’s bleak as hell. And it’s not just a bunch of junkies opening up their sad lives. It’s about how this happened – through prescription painkillers, and how the US’s love affair with them led to its worst ever drug epidemic. And it’s a portrait of a town, a once thriving industrial one, now dying and forgotten. The statistics speak for themselves: one in four adults dependent on opiates, the rate of fatal overdoses 13 times the national average, one in 10 babies born dependent…

Including little Archie, Alisha’s son, who is kept in hospital for 10 days while he is weaned off methadone. That’s not the right kind of start, is it? But now he seems to be doing OK. Louis holds him, and smiles for the first time in the show. Then his mother takes him, gives him a bottle, and he opens his eyes. I needed that. Thank heaven for Archie, a tiny gap in the heroin gloom.

The drug-taking in SNOWFALL (BBC2, Sunday) looks better; more fun, certainly. We’re in a fabulous house overlooking Los Angeles, the Rolling Stones are blasting out, people are in the pool, one lady seems to be doing to this chap what Mickey in Huntington never did to get high. Then another woman approaches him from behind and – oh my word – blows top-quality cocaine up his bum with a straw. Yeah, I go to parties like that all the time…

Oh, the man, who turns out to be a CIA officer who was also running a secret drug ring to fund contras in Central America, is now foaming at the mouth – next, he’s sadly dead. Still, there are worse ways to go.

It’s 1983 and Hurricane Charlie, a category-five cocaine storm, is buffeting California. In South Central LA, nice kid and small-time weed dealer Franklin (south London’s Damson Idris) is getting sucked in. As is a Hispanic pro wrestler called El Oso, although not entirely willingly; pulling his strings is a badass cartel jefe named Lucia. While over in a nicer part of town, a hilarious Israeli gangster with small trunks and a gold gun is starting to shift a lot of coke. And a new CIA operative, Teddy, has taken over.

The storylines haven’t yet been twisted into one strong leash that is dragging me along, and it remains to be seen whether that will happen. Snowfall, created by Boyz N the Hood director John Singleton, is certainly not The Wire with palm trees: it’s more superficial, less deeply immersive. But 80s LA is lovingly recreated, it’s sunny, the soundtrack is nice. Hey, let’s party. Bring your own straw…

question: What is the television show about?

answer: Junkies.

question: Where is the television show set?

answer: Britain.

question: What kind of drug does the show deal with?

answer: Heroin.

question: When is the television show set?

answer: 1983.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article is a summary of the show LOUIS THEROUX: DARK STATES - HEROIN TOWN from the BBC. It discusses the issues of heroin addiction depicted in the show, and summarizes some of the themes and events it deals with.


text:
We have written frequently about the internal Clinton Foundation power struggle between Chelsea Clinton and Doug Band over the previous couple of weeks (see here, here and here).  It all started back in 2011 when, as CHELSEA STARTED TO TAKE A MORE SENIOR ROLE AT THE CLINTON FOUNDATION, SHE BECAME INCREASINGLY CONCERNED ABOUT AN INTERNAL AUDIT THAT EXPOSED GLARING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST THROUGHOUT THE FOUNDATION WITH AN EMPHASIS ON DOUG BAND AND HIS COMPANY, TENEO, WHO SHE THOUGHT HAD INAPPROPRIATELY SOUGHT FAVORS FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT DURING HILLARY'S TENURE AS SECRETARY OF STATE.  A Politico article from March 2015, summarized Chelsea's rise at the Foundation and how it threatened some long-time Clinton allies who had grown quite accustomed to the status quo.

  But CHELSEA CLINTON’S RISE AT TIMES HAS SEEMED TO THREATEN SOME VETERAN CLINTON AIDES WHO HAD CARVED OUT INFLUENTIAL—AND LUCRATIVE—POSITIONS AFTER LONG SERVICE WITH HER PARENTS. She is blamed in some quarters for MARGINALIZING BOTH LINDSEY AND DOUG BAND, WHO ROSE FROM THE PRESIDENT’S BODY MAN TO BUILD AND HELP RUN THE FOUNDATION’S CLINTON GLOBAL INITIATIVE. A third Clinton veteran, IRA MAGAZINER, SAW HIS PORTFOLIO AT THE FOUNDATION DIMINISHED DURING BRAVERMAN’S TENURE, AND SOURCES SAY MAGAZINER’S ROLE REMAINS UNDER SCRUTINY.

Now, new WikiLeaks emails reveal additional details behind the the man, Eric Braverman, who was brought in as CEO by Chelsea to change the controversial practices of the Foundation but ABRUPTLY RESIGNED A SHORT TIME LATER AFTER BEING PUSHED OUT BY LONG-TIME CLINTON LOYALISTS WHO HAD APPARENTLY GROWN VERY COMFORTABLE WITH THE STATUS QUO.

Below is the new email exchange which begins when NEERA TANDEN WARNS JOHN PODESTA TO "KEEP TABS ON DOUG BAND" WHO SHE ASSUMED WAS THE INSIDER WHO TOLD NBC TO "FOLLOW THE MONEY AND FIND THE REAL HRC SCANDAL."  Interestingly, John Podesta writes back quickly to identify the REAL SOURCE AS FORMER CLINTON FOUNDATION CEO ERIC BRAVERMAN which seems to be shocking to Tanden who replies simply, "Holy Moses."

  [Eric Braverman]

So who is Eric Braverman?  The following excerpts from a Politico article offer the best summary of Braverman and his efforts, as a newly installed CEO, to breakup the Clinton Foundation scandal machine only to be PUSHED OUT BY CLINTON LOYALISTS AFTER ONLY A YEAR AND A HALF IN HIS NEW POSITION.

  In December [2014], the board of the Bill, Hillary and Chelsea Clinton Foundation approved a salary of more than $395,000, plus bonus, for its Yale-educated CEO, Eric Braverman, while voting to extend his board term through 2017, according to sources familiar with the arrangement. Braverman, who had worked with Chelsea Clinton at the prestigious McKinsey & Company consultancy, HAD BEEN BROUGHT IN WITH THE FORMER FIRST DAUGHTER’S SUPPORT TO HELP IMPOSE MCKINSEY-LIKE MANAGEMENT RIGOR TO A FOUNDATION THAT HAD GROWN INTO A $2 BILLION CHARITABLE POWERHOUSE.

  BUT IN JANUARY, ONLY WEEKS AFTER THE BOARD'S SHOW OF SUPPORT AND JUST A YEAR AND A HALF AFTER BRAVERMAN ARRIVED, HE ABRUPTLY RESIGNED, AND SOURCES TELL  POLITICO HIS EXIT STEMMED PARTLY FROM A POWER STRUGGLE INSIDE THE FOUNDATION BETWEEN AND AMONG THE COTERIE OF CLINTON LOYALISTS WHO HAVE SURROUNDED THE FORMER PRESIDENT FOR DECADES AND WHO HELPED START AND RUN THE FOUNDATION. Some, including the president’s OLD ARKANSAS LAWYER BRUCE LINDSEY, who preceded Braverman as CEO, RAISED CONCERNS DIRECTLY TO BILL CLINTON ABOUT THE REFORMS IMPLEMENTED BY BRAVERMAN, according to sources, and felt themselves marginalized by the growing influence of Chelsea Clinton and the new CEO she had helped recruit.

  The previously untold saga of Braverman’s brief, and occasionally fraught tenure trying to navigate the Clintons’ insular world highlights the challenges the family has faced trying to impose rigorous oversight onto a vast global foundation that relies on some of the same loyal megadonors Hillary Clinton will need for the presidential run sources have said she is all but certain to launch later this year.

  Already, a spate of recent news stories in  Politico and elsewhere have highlighted questions about the FOUNDATION’S AGGRESSIVE FUNDRAISING BOTH BEFORE AND DURING BRAVERMAN’S TENURE, INCLUDING THE  NEWS THAT THE FOUNDATION HAD BEEN ACCEPTING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS WITH  LAX OVERSIGHT FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT WHEN HILLARY CLINTON WAS SECRETARY OF STATE. The foundation has been Clinton’s main public platform since she left State in February 2013.

  The hiring a few months later of Braverman, who had been a partner in McKinsey’s Washington office, was seen as VALIDATION OF CHELSEA CLINTON’S VIEW THAT THE FOUNDATION NEEDED TO ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS FROM A 2011 AUDIT FOR TIGHTER GOVERNANCE AND BUDGETING, AS WELL AS MORE COMPREHENSIVE POLICIES TO VET DONORS AND AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.

  WHEN BRAVERMAN ARRIVED TO REPLACE LINDSEY AS CEO, HE MOVED QUICKLY TO ADOPT THE AUDITOR’S RECOMMENDATIONS, and then some. He DIVERSIFIED THE FOUNDATION’S BOARD BEYOND THE CLINTONS AND THEIR LONGTIME POLITICAL ALLIES AND RESTRUCTURED ITS FINANCE DEPARTMENT. He oversaw the creation of a $250 million endowment and implemented data-driven analytics to measure the effectiveness of foundation programs.

  NO PUBLIC EXPLANATION WAS OFFERED FOR BRAVERMAN’S RESIGNATION.

Of course, given that the email exchange between Podesta and Tanden, and the following tweet from NBC's Joe Scarborough,  occurred just days after Braverman was relieved of his duties in March 2015 it DOES SEEM LIKELY THAT HE WAS THE "SOURCE CLOSE TO THE CLINTONS" WHO TOLD RON FOURNIER "TO FOLLOW THE MONEY AND FIND THE REAL HRC SCANDAL."

  "@JoeNBC: A source close to the Clintons tell @ron_fournier to "follow the money" and find the real HRC scandal. http://t.co/lPTQY0L0o4"

Ironically, Braverman's resignation also came shortly after the following email from Huma Abedin showing that HILLARY DIRECTLY APPROACHED THE KING OF MOROCCO TO HOST A MEETING OF THE CLINTON GLOBAL INITIATIVE.  In return, the KING HAD PROMISED "$12 MILLION BOTH FOR THE ENDOWMENT AND TO SUPPORT THE MEETING."  Huma concludes her email by saying "SHE [HILLARY] CREATED THIS MESS AND SHE KNOWS IT."

  [Eric Braverman]

So was this the questionable "CONTRIBUTION FROM FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS WITH  LAX OVERSIGHT" that ultimately caused Braverman to resign?

More importantly, where is Eric Braverman now?  Clearly, at one point, Braverman expressed some interest in exposing the deep corruption within the Clinton Foundation...now, with all of the new WikiLeaks disclosures, would seem like an opportune time to do just that.

question: Which two people have a power struggle between them?

answer: Chelsea Clinton and Doug Band have an internal Clinton Foundation power struggle

question: What started to concern Chelsea as she took a senior role at the Clinton Foundation?

answer: Chelsea was concerned with an internal audit that exposed glaring conflicts of interest throughout the foundation

question: Who did Chelsea bring in as CEO to change the controversial practices of the foundation?

answer: A man named Eric Braverman

question: What happened to Eric Braverman?

answer: Eric Bravermen was pushed out by Clinton loyalists after a year and a half in his new position of CEO

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: With a power struggle and unease with the traditions of the Clinton Foundation, Chelsea Clinton decided to take matters into her own hands. She hires a new CEO to fix the foundation, Eric Braverman. But, before Braverman can do any work, he is pushed out of the foundation a year and a half later.


text:
The PEOPLES ACADEMY is a historic high school in Morrisville, Vermont.

In 1996, the main school building, along with the observatory and bandshell located on the school grounds, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] All of the structures are bequests of George C. Grout and native son Alexander Hamilton Copley. The latter donated both the land and building that form the Peoples Academy, which serves as the local public high school and is a major local work of Classical Revival architecture.[2] Since 2007, Philip Grant has been the school's principal.

Description and history

The Peoples Academy complex is located at the eastern end of Main Street, on a hill that provides a commanding view of the village of Morrisville to the west. The main block of the school is a two-story red brick building, with a flat roof and limestone trim. The broad facade is divided into five sections, and is roughly symmetrical. The outer sections project slightly, and have three window bays and quoined corners; the ground floor level has no windows, and a single round-arch stone panel at the center. The next sections in from the sides each have five window bays. The center section houses the main entrance at its center, with flanking single windows on the ground floor, and doubled window bays in the upper level. The section is flanked by paired square pilasters, and the entrance bay is framed by Corinthian columns. The section is topped by a balustrade with an embedded clock.[3]

The main block has had a number of more modern additions made over the 20th century. The building complex also includes a circular brick astronomical observatory building, donated by George C. Grout in 1930, and the Community Bandshell, a wood-frame structure that has traditionally been used for school graduation ceremonies since its construction in 1930.[4]

The property and initial building for the Peoples Academy were made by a donation by Alexander Hamilton Copley, a Lamoille County native who had made a fortune as a pharmaceutical businessman in Boston, Massachusetts. He originally purchased the land to build a house for himself and his wife, but she got sick and died before this vision was realized. He instead gave the property to the town, and funded construction of the building, which is nearly identical to a period high school building in Provincetown, Massachusetts.[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]  with

[4]

[5]

title: Peoples Academy

question: Where is the Peoples Academy Located?

answer: Morrisville, Vermont

question: Who is George C. Grout?

answer: He donated all of the academy's structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including a circular brick astronomical observatory building and the wood-frame Community Bandshell, in 1930.

question: Summarize everything relating to Alexander Hamilton Copley.

answer: Copley is a Lamoille County native who made a fortune as a pharmaceutical businessman in Boston, Massachusetts. He bought the land to build a house for himself and his wife, but she got sick and died, so he donated the property to the town and funded the construction of the initial building instead.

question: Describe the Peoples Academy.

answer: The Peoples Academy is on a hill at the eastern end of Main Street. The main block of the school is a two-story red brick building with a flat roof divided into five symmetrical sections. The center section houses the main entrance bay framed by Corinthian columns and topped by a balustrade with an embedded clock. Ground and second-floor windows flank the entrance.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The Peoples Academy a historic high school in Morrisville, Vermont. The main school building, along with the observatory and bandshell located on the school grounds, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. All the structures on the list of historic places were donated by George C. Grout in the 1930s, while the land and initial structure were donated by Alexander Hamilton Copley. Philip Grant has been the school's principal since 2007.


text:
KÜLLIKI SALDRE (until 1986, KÜLLIKI TOOL; born 29 December 1952) is an Estonian stage, television, radio and film actress.

Early life and education

Külliki Saldre was born in the small town of Kehtna, in Rapla County in 1952, where she graduated from secondary school. Her older sister is performance artist Krista Tool and her younger brother is philosopher and translator Andrus Tool.[1][2][3] Following graduation, she studied photography before beginning studies at the Tallinn State Conservatory, Performing Arts Department (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre), graduating in 1976. Among her graduating classmates were Merle Karusoo, Ago-Endrik Kerge, Urmas Kibuspuu, Aare Laanemets, Anne Paluver, Kalju Orro, Priit Pedajas, Eero Spriit, and Peeter Volkonski.[4]

Stage career

[Saldre in 2011] Saldre began her stage career in 1976 after joining the Estonian Drama Theatre in Tallinn. She made her stage debut as a student in the role of Eeva Marland in a 1975 production of Eduard Vilde's _Tabamata ime_. Her stage debut as an actress formally engaged at the theatre was in a 1976 production of Luigi Pirandello's 1921 absurdist metatheatrical play _Six Characters in Search of an Author_. She would remain at the Estonian Drama Theatre until 1983. Among her most notable roles at the theatre include those in stage productions of works by Juhan Viiding, Maxim Gorky and Mats Traat.[5]

After leaving the Estonian Drama Theatre, she became engaged at the Ugala theatre in Viljandi in 1984 and would remain with the theatre until 1995. Notable roles at the Ugala include those in stage productions of works by: Shakespeare (Cordelia in _King Lear_ and Desdemona in _Othello_), Giles Cooper, Henrik Ibsen, Tennessee Williams, Anton Chekhov, and Alexandre Dumas.[6][7]

Between 1995 and 1998, Saldre worked as a freelance actress. She joined the Vanemuine theatre in Tartu 1998, where she is still currently engaged. During her years at the Vanemuine, she performed in a large variety of stage productions by such international playwrights and authors as: Émile Zola, Thorbjørn Egner, Per Olov Enquist, Leo Tolstoy, Emily Brontë, Edward Albee, Brian Friel, Tom Stoppard, Sam Shepard, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Ivan Goncharov, Franz Kafka, and Donald Margulies. Among her more memorable performances at the Vanemuine in roles by Estonian playwrights and authors include those of: Uku Uusberg, Mati Unt, Eduard Vilde, Urmas Lennuk, and Andra Teede.[8]

Television career

Beginning in the late 1970s, Külliki Saldre performed in a number of stage productions that aired on Estonian television; among them are _Kuidas kuningas kuu peale kippus_ in 1976 and _Meie maja tsirkus_ in 1978. Both of which aired on Eesti Televisioon (ETV).[9]

Apart from the stage, she has appeared in central roles in several television series. Among them include the role of the Chancellor of Justice in the ETV political satire program _Riigimehed_ beginning in 2010[10] and as investigator Ülle in the Kanal 2 action-drama _Mägede varjud_ beginning in 2013.[11]

She has also appeared in ETV's comedy series _Hakkab jälle pihta_ in 2013, and as Maria Keersalu in the 2015 TV3 crime drama series _Keeris_. In 2018, she joined the cast of the ETV series _Miks Mitte?!_ in the role of Edna.[12][13]

Film career

Saldre would not make her film debut until accepting the role of a school principal in the 2012 Finnish-Estonian noir thriller _Rat King_.[14] This was followed by the more substantial role of Anu in the 2013 Ilmar Raag directed romantic drama _Kertu_ (English release title: _Love is Blind_), starring Ursula Ratasepp and Mait Malmsten.[15][16]

Other film roles include Irina in the 2014 drama _Nullpunkt_, and as the head nurse in the 2015 Margus Paju directed family adventure film _Supilinna Salaselts_.[17]

Personal life

Külliki Saldre is married to actor and director Viljo Saldre; the couple have a son, Mattias and a daughter, Maarja.[18]

[1] Index Scriptorum Estoniae _Isakodus Juhani talus Karuse külas Läänemaal 2005. a. suvel : Külliki Saldre, ema Leida, õde Krista, tütar Maarja_ Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[2] _Kodukolle_. no 1, lk. 13, foto, värv. 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2016

[3] Õhtuleht _Külliki Saldre_ 18 December 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[4] Eesti Päevaleht _Ago-Endrik Kerge (69): enne jagasid jalad ja siis pea_ (in Estonian) 5 April 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2018.

[5] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre_. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[6] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre_. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[7] Postimees _Kui näitlejatee kulgeb õnnelikult_ 14 March 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[8] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre_. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[9] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre suudab iseenda üle naerda_ 4 April 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[10] Postimees _Ruussaar: «Riigimehed» iseloomustab Reformierakonna ideoloogiat_ 6 November 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[11] Õhtuleht _Juba täna! Marika Vaarik, Mait Malmsten ja Harriet Toompere astuvad üles uues põnevussarjas “Mägede varjud”_ 10 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[12] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre suudab iseenda üle naerda_ 4 April 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[13] Õhtuleht _“Hakkab jälle pihta”_ 7 January 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[14] Slant _Rat King_ 23 April 203. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[15] Favourites Film Festival _Kertu / Love is Blind_ 9 April 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[16] Kino Arts _Kertu_ Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[17] Eesti Filmi Andmebaas. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

[18] Vanemuine _Külliki Saldre suudab iseenda üle naerda_ 4 April 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2016.

title: Külliki Saldre

question: Where was Külliki Saldre born?

answer: Sladre was born in Kahtna, Estonia.

question: When did Saldre graduate from acting school, and which one did she go to?

answer: She graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory in 1976.

question: What was Saldre's stage debut?

answer: Saldre's made her stage debut as a student in a 1975 production of Eduard Vilde's "Tabamata ime".

question: How many children does Saldre have?

answer: She has a son, Mattias, and a daughter, Maarja.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article details the life and work of Külliki Saldre an Estoninan stage, television, radio, and film actress.


text:
It had been a little over a year since he had disappeared, and she was the only witness.  My loyal companion for the last eleven years, her eyes peered over her graying muzzle and gazed intently into mine, as if she was trying to read my mind.  She’d done this since she was a puppy.  Despite her age, she was still an active dog; she loved to run.  For the last year, though, she hadn’t been quite right.  Something had happened the day he disappeared that had changed her, and she was the only one who could say what it was.  Maybe she wasn’t trying to read my mind anymore, maybe she was desperately wishing I could read hers.

I had unlocked our front door that evening, after a long day of work, expecting him to be there.  Instead I found the kitchen sink running, and her backed into a corner, barking like mad.   His shoes were oddly placed in the middle of the floor, a stride apart, as though they had fallen off while he was mid-step.  She wouldn’t take her eyes off those shoes.  There wasn’t much room to hide in our one-bedroom apartment, so it quickly became clear that he wasn’t there.  His car was still in the parking lot, his keys and wallet still on the mantle.  And the sink.  Running.  I tried describing to my closest friends and family the feeling of dread and panic I felt the moment I stepped into my home that day, like a fugue before a seizure, or a nauseating déjà vu, but they couldn’t hear me, had no idea what I was trying to say.  “Of course something bad happened, he’s missing,” they’d say.  What I was trying to tell them was that it wasn’t just the usual “bad” that happened there, a kidnapping, an assault, horrible but normal things that you hear about every day.  He had been in our home, on a normal, sunny day, and something truly abnormal, something not right, had happened to him.  I could feel it.  And I could feel that he was still out there, existing somewhere, and suffering, and this knowledge was more than I could bear.

The weeks and months that followed were a dark, anxiety-soaked blur.  The police went through the process of ruling me out as a suspect pretty quickly; I had been at work.  I wasn’t strong enough or big enough to move his body.  There was no evidence of a struggle.  The dog and I slept on the couch every night – I hadn’t allowed her up there in years.  She was the only one with whom I could share my numbness, my horror and despair.  I had nightmares.   Worse, I would dream that he had come back to me, that I would wake up in bed and he was next to me smiling widely, and it was a normal workday, only to awaken on the couch and have my reality flood in on me again.  No funeral, no casket, no closure.  Only a year of nights on the couch, in the apartment we used to share, knowing in my bones that he needed help, knowing I would never find him.  A few acquaintances had recommended that I go to a medium, or a pet psychic, to find out what happened.  I thanked them but knew there was no way in hell I was doing that.  Others began to point out that he had been missing for so long that it was probably time to move on.

On the one-year anniversary of his disappearance, I received a letter.  When I first read it, I assumed it was a tasteless joke, and threw it in the trash.  But then I got the phone call.  A researcher, a neurologist, on the other side of the country was in the initial stages of testing a method to download information directly from brain matter.  They hadn’t opened the testing up to human tissue, but they had been working with monkeys, cats… and dogs.  The researcher explained that this was an opportunity for us to help each other.  He could find out what the dog knew while simultaneously proving the worth of his research in a way that would guarantee future funding - “would you like to know what happened to your partner?”

The catch?  It might not work, and because of her age, she might die.  I wrestled with the decision for two weeks.  I had lost one piece of me, was it worth it to potentially lose another?  Forever?  But she was an old dog, and what if it worked?  What if she died, but I still found out what happened, could end his suffering?  Get some closure?  Maybe even get him back?  Would her quiet, painless death justify the end to his possible torment?  I didn’t tell anyone, not my friends, coworkers, or family members, about the decision I was faced with.  I took her for long walks, I let her run off-leash, I fed her table scraps as my decision began to cement in my mind.  It didn’t feel ethical, to betray my loyal dog in this way, but I had to try.  We flew across the country, to this lab in the basement of a university building, where I’m holding her face for what may be the last time, and her trusting gaze is more than I can take.  I hate myself, and I’m so empty that there’s plenty of room for my self-loathing.  I tell her I love her.  I tell her I’ll see her soon.  I leave.

It’s six hours since I said good-bye to my dog, my friend for the last 11 years.  The researcher’s graduate students are telling me that she went peacefully, that she just never woke up after she went under.    They tell me that the researcher is downloading the data now to see if the procedure worked, that it may take a moment, that the data may have gotten scrambled in the process, we have to wait and see.  I sit numbly, holding her collar in my hands.  My sadness is bottomless, it seeps into my bones.  I barely hear them talk.  I feel truly alone.  I hate myself, I wish that I had just been satisfied with the despair I felt after losing him.  Why did I decide to risk her life for such a long shot?  I sit on a tall metal stool, hunched, expressionless, while we wait the endless fifteen minutes it takes for the researcher to finish his task.  I realize that, whatever the result, I’ll never get my life back the way it was before, before he disappeared, when it was perfect, and this thought kills me.  The door to the procedure room opens, and the researcher walks out…

title: [SF] The Gamble

question: What does the text say about the narrator's dog?

answer: The narrator's dog has been their companion for the past eleven years. She is starting to gray, but she is still an active dog. She is the only witness to the narrator's partner's disappearance. The narrator takes the dog to undergo a risky, experimental procedure to try to access her memories of the disappearance, and she dies during the procedure. It is left unresolved whether the procedure was successful.

question: What does the text say about what happened to the narrator's partner?

answer: The narrator came home one day and found the kitchen sink running, and their dog was backed into a corner barking. Their partner's shoes were in the middle of the floor, a stride apart, as if they had fallen off mid-step. His car was still in the parking lot, and his keys and wallet were still on the mantle. The narrator has a strong feeling that something abnormal happened to him, and that he is still out there somewhere and suffering.

question: What does the text say about the narrator's partner's family?


text:
 __   Vikas __   June 1, 2018 in Astrology

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ALTERNATE NOSTRIL PRANAYAMA

One of the simplest breathing practices, and one that is very effective, as we have discussed, is Alternate Nostril pranayama.

1.  Sit comfortably on the floor in a cross-legged posture, keeping the spine straight. If you are not comfortable in this position, sit upright on the front edge of a chair with your feet flat on the floor.
2.  Close the right nostril with your right thumb, and inhale through the left nostril. Inhale into the belly, not into the chest.
3.  After inhaling, hold your breath for just a moment.
4.  Exhale through your right nostril while closing the left with the ring and little finger of your right hand.
5.  Repeat steps I to 3, but this time start by inhaling through the right nostril (while you close the left nostril With Your ring and little finger).

 You can do this breathing exercise for five to ten minutes.

NOTE: This pranayama, as well as the others In this blog, is best learned under the guidance of an accomplished teacher.

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SHITALI PRANAYAMA(COOLING BREATH)

Curl your tongue into a tube. Inhale slowly through the curled tongue, swallow, and then exhale normally through the nose, the mouth closed. You will feel the incoming air cool your saliva, your tongue, and the oral mucous membranes.

This form of breathing is helpful for pacifying high pitta. It lowers the oral temperature, makes the saliva cool, helps to quench thirst, and improves digestion, absorption, and assimilation. Shitali is effective for high blood pressure, burning throat or tongue, and a burning sensation in the eyes. It cools the entire body.

If you can’t curl your tongue into a tube, an alternative way to perform shitali is with your teeth lightly  clenched together and your tongue pressed up against the teeth. The air is then inhaled through the teeth.

Some people feel pain when cool air is drawn through the teeth; keeping your tongue against your teeth will provide warmth and prevent this discomfort.

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BHASTRIKA PRANAYAMA (BREATH OF FIRE)

This breathing exercise increases the vital capacity of the lungs, relieves allergies and asthma, and helps make the lungs strong and healthy. It also heats the body.

Inhale passively (through the nose), but exhale actively and with a little force. Start slowly and increase the speed. Imagine a steam locomotive moving slowly and picking up speed. Do one round of 30 strokes or exhalations, then rest for one minute. You can do up to five such rounds of bhastrika in the morning and five in the evening.

[BHRAMARI PRANAYAMA (HUMMING BREATH)]

BHRAMARI PRANAYAMA (HUMMING BREATH)

On inhalation, constrict the epiglottis so as to create a humming sound. On exhalation, the sound is long and low. The inhalation, which is more high-pitched, is traditionally said to be like a female bee; the exhalation, which has a deeper sound, like a male bee.

If you find it difficult to make the humming sound on the inhalation, just inhale naturally, take a deep breath into the belly, and then do the humming on the exhalation. When doing bhramari, touch the tip of your tongue lightly to the edge of the soft palate near the back of the roof of your mouth. Be sure the teeth are not clenched.

Bhramari improves the melodiousness of the voice. The humming vibrates the nervous system and is a form of sound therapy for the brain. It is also good for the thyroid, thymus, and parathyroid glands. Do ten cycles.

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UJJAYI PRANAYAMA (BREATH OF VICTORY)

Sit in either Vajrasana or the Lotus posture, with your hands resting on your knees, palms up. Keep your head, neck, and chest in a straight line. Lower your head into a slight chin lock by moving your head in and down, toward your chest. Bring your awareness to the throat area.

Now comes the slightly tricky part. Without actually swallowing, start the action of swallowing, to raise the trachea upward. At the same time, while constricting your epiglottis, as in silently “saying” the letter e, slowly and deeply inhale into the belly. The inhaled air will create a soft, gentle whispering sound of rushing air as it brushes the throat, trachea, heart, and diaphragm.

 After inhaling, swallow and hold your breath at the belly for a moment, then slowly exhale the air by again constricting the epiglottis—as if humming, but without producing any humming sound.

Ujjayi pranayama brings great joy. It calms the mind, relaxes the intercostal muscles, and really brings a sense of victory. Ujjayi is good for all three doshas and helps to reestablish constitutional balance. It promotes longevity. Do twelve cycles (repetitions) at a time.

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SURYA BHEDI PRANAYAMA (RIGHT NOSTRIL BREATHING)

Put a cotton “plug” in your left nostril so that you will breathe through the right nostril, or block the left nostril by gently pressing with the ring and little finger of the right hand. Sit comfortably. Breathe in and out through the right nostril only. Repeat ten times.

question: Summarize all of the steps that reference internal organs.

answer: Bhastrika Pranayama increases the vital capacity of the lungs and makes the lungs strong and healthy. Bhramari Pranayama is good for the thyroid, thymus, and parathyroid glands. It is also a form of sound therapy for the brain. The inhaled air in ujjayi pranayama will create a soft whispering sound as the air brushes the heart.

question: Summarize everything relating to the origins of these techniques.


text:
Getting outside may not only change your perspective — it could actually alter the way your brain works in some unexpected ways, according to a small new study.

“Your brain seems like it has to work harder and it’s less effective when it’s outside,” explains Kyle Mathewson, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Alberta in Canada and the lead author of new research published in the journal_Brain Research._

For the study, Mathewson, along with graduate student Joanna Scanlon, monitored the brain activity of 12 people as they listened to a series of tones. Everyone was directed to press a button when they heard one of two sounds. This task was administered twice: first while sitting still inside a dim, quiet lab, then while riding a bike outside along a street. The goal was to see how the brain functions in the two environments, and if it’s changed by an everyday outdoor activity, like bike riding.

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They found, somewhat surprisingly, that while people were outside, their brains weren’t responding as robustly to the task at hand, perhaps because their attention was taxed by competing stimuli. A type of brain wave seen when the mind is at rest or meditating, which is commonly observed in the lab, all but disappeared in fresh air, Mathewson says.

Outside, “there are traffic sounds, and the sights of traffic, and all these people around you, and trees and birds and the wind and the cold,” Mathewson says_. “_All these extra sensations are kind of competing with the task that you’re doing,” forcing the brain to work harder to achieve the same result.

Bike riding, however, did not seem to make much of a difference on brain activity. While the indoor group was sedentary in this study, in one of Mathewson’s prior experiments, people rode a stationary bike indoors. Brain activity while biking inside did not differ much from when people sat quietly indoors, he says. The effects aren’t simply due to fresh air, either. When the researchers conducted a follow-up experiment, during which they played a recording of traffic sounds in a lab environment, they also observed reduced brain activity.

More research is needed. It’s too soon to tell whether these brain changes are positive or negative, and Mathewson says the results may not hold true for every outdoor environment. A tranquil meadow, for example, may not stress the brain in the same way as a busy urban street. Past research, in fact, has shown a host of mental health benefits associated with spending time in nature. “Going outside in this case might have appeared bad because we went outside beside busy traffic,” he says, “but if we went outside into nature, we might have found different effects.”

Since people in the study were still able to complete the test outdoors, despite their diminished cognitive response, the researchers are also repeating the experiment using progressively more difficult tasks, Mathewson says. “We think this task was too easy and that we weren’t able to tap into the effect,” he says. “Now we’re going to try to push a little bit harder and get more and more difficult tasks to see where the brain breaks down.”

The good news is that recent breakthroughs in technology — the creation of small, portable brain monitoring equipment that can be brought outside and on the go — not only made this study possible, but will continue to improve follow-up studies, Mathewson says. “This is going to open up a whole new field of studying people in their natural habitat,” he says.

WRITE TO Jamie Ducharme at jamie.ducharme@time.com.

question: Summarize the limitations of the study.

answer: The results may not hold true for every outdoor environment. The task may also have been too easy to tap into the effect.

question: Summarize the key findings of the study.

answer: The brain has to work harder and is less effective when it's outside. While outside, people's brains didn't respond as robustly to the task at hand. A brain wave usually seen when the mind is at rest of meditating was observed in the lab but not outside. Bike riding does not seem to make a difference on brain activity. A recording of traffic sounds played in the lab, however, did reduce activity.

question: What does the article say about the effects of weather on brain activity?

question: What does the article have to say about future studies?

answer: More research is needed on the subject. It might be necessary to test different outdoor environments, such as a tranquil meadow. The experiment will also be repeated with progressively more difficult tasks. Recent breakthroughs in technology allow for brain monitoring while outside and on the go.


text:
EMIL SAMBOU (born May 11, 1994) is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a striker for South African club Engen Santos FC and the Gambian national team.

Sambou moved to Santos after a successful examination and skills assessment in summer 2016.[1] Upon joining, the striker prognosticated that he would score 15 goals in his debut season for the club.[2]

Recorded two goals against Cape Town All Stars in a 3-3 draw.[3]

International career

Sambou was called up to the Gambia national football team for the round against Senegal.[4][5]

He scored twice in a friendly for Gambia in a 3-2 win over Gambia Ports Authority FC.[6]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] 1

[6]

title: Emil Sambou

question: Who is Emil Sambou?

answer: a Gambian professional footballer

question: What position does Emil Sambou play?

answer: striker

question: When was Emil Sambou born?

answer: May 11, 1994

question: Where is Gambia?

answer: the article does not answer this question

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Emil Sambou is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a striker for South African club Engen Santos FC and the Gambian national team.


text:
**This is a short story that my friend wrote not too long ago.**

It was an open and shut case, and defense attorney Ramona Rogers was feeling great. This was her first real day with the firm, and she knew that a good showing in this trial would guarantee her future as a lawyer. The case was Wagner et. al. vs. City of Oklahoma Housing Projects. A Mr. Ronald Wagner had sued the housing project over alleged negligence in a fire that started in one of the housing units.

Evidence and testimony all pointed to an old lady in one of the apartments; she had fallen asleep with a lit cigarette in her mouth—several lit cigarettes—and a fire erupted shortly thereafter. Wagner and the related claimants tried to point to the Housing Supervisors as culpable, claiming that the fire had spread as a result of faulty construction and bad management, but the accusation just didn’t stick. Ramona had successfully dragged out in a cross examination that the fire was mostly confined to the old lady’s apartment, and that there was scarcely evidence of it affecting the other tenants. Indeed, an examination of the site showed little to suggest that the flames had spread beyond the confines of the one apartment.

Ramona couldn’t wait till the verdict came in. “Not Guilty”, the jurors would rule, and she’d be off for drinks with the legal partners, who would almost certainly suggest that she receive a raise and be put on track to be a partner in a year or two. She smiled as she thought of her name on the firm, and the plush office they’d give her. She’d have bookcases full of ornate-looking books which she’d never read, and leather chairs for her clients to sit in—the kind that you’d always see in film adaptations of John Grisham novels.

And then the prosecution announced a surprise witness. The court became silent as the Judge ordered the bailiff:

“Bring in Kimberly Wilkins.”

The Bailiff mirrored the Judge’s order, shouting:
“Bring in Ms. Kimberly Wilkins.”

The courtroom became as quiet as a sepulcher. A woman wearing a wrap over her hair and a multicolored tank-top emerged from one of the chambers and made her way to the witness stand, sauntering all the while. She carried herself with the air of a brothel matron and greeted the Judge with a wide grin. She had a gold tooth that glistened in harsh light of the court.

She took the oath, the Prosecutor intoning the order which she would repeat: “Kimberly Wilkins, do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?”

“Sure thing!” she replied.

The Prosecutor gave her a cordial wink and began his questioning.

“Ms. Wilkins--”

“You can call me Sweet Brown, Mr. Prosecutor.” she added.

“…Sweet Brown, can you tell me what you were doing at two AM on the night of April the seventh?”

“Well,” she began in a husky voice, “I woke up to go get me a cold pop.”

“Describe the situation in your apartment at this time”

“Then I thought somebody was barbecuing!”

“This was, in fact, the fire?”

She nodded.

“How did you react?”

“I said ‘oh lord Jesus it’s a fire!’”

Ramona was stunned. There was something very off about this witness. If she didn’t act soon, the entire momentum of the case could conceivably be reversed.

In a panic she screamed out “Objection!”

“Grounds?” the Judge asked sternly.

Flustered and at a loss for words, Ramona replied “there is no evidence to suggest that what the witness perceived to be a fire was anything but, as she suggests, barbecuing?”

The Judge, Sweet Brown, the Prosecutor, indeed all eyes in the room turned incredulously to Ramona.

“Barbecuing at 2 AM, counsel?” barked the Judge, who then gave a nod to the Prosecutor. “I’ll allow it.”

The Prosecutor continued. “Would you say that the fire compelled an urgent response from you?”

“I didn’t grab no shoes or nothing Jesus! I ran for my life!”

“And were you able to escape, or….”

“And then the smoke got me!” Brown hurriedly interjected.

The Prosecutor smiled. He knew this represented a turnabout, a reversal in the case. There had been no evidence that the fire was anything but isolated, but if the smoke had reached Wilkins’ apartment then there was clearly something more serious at hand.

“Your witness, counselor” muttered the Judge.

Ramona stood up, a cold sweat breaking out around her forehead and her underarms. She would have to do anything to diminish the significance of Wilkins’ claims, paint them as trivial.

“Ms. Wilkins,” she began, her voice regaining some confidence, “would you say that the smoke was of any dire consequence to your health or well-being? Would you say that it was anything but a small and fairly non-hazardous discharge, as opposed to what one might find in something such as a three-alarm fire?”

Sweet Brown looked at Ramona with disgust, her head rearing backwards, coiling like a cobra preparing to strike. Her eyes became wide, bug-like.

“I got bronchitis!” she spouted, an almost playfully-indignant expression filling her face.

“I understand, Ms. Wilkins, but don’t you think…”

“Ain’t nobody got time for that!” Sweet Brown interrupted.

Silence followed, the courtroom became still. It seemed like time had frozen. And then, gradually, applause emerged. The audience—and the jurors—were cheering for Sweet Brown. Even the Judge was amused: the corners of his grim mouth were gradually creeping upwards.

Sweet Brown was emboldened by the attention and flashed a toothy grin, bobbing her head up and down in delight.

By the end of the day, Ramona Rogers was searching through the classified section of the newspaper and rummaging her business cards in search of a new job. She’d be defeated, and lost what was supposed to be the simplest case ever, thanks to the might of Sweet Brown.

title: "No Time for That"

question: What is Ramona Rogers' job?

answer: She is a defense attorney.

question: Does she believe she will win the case?

answer: Yes, she does. She believes it to be a very simple case.

question: Who is called upon as a surprise witness?

answer: Kimberly Wilkins, also called Sweet Brown, one of the tenants.

question: Did Ramona win the case in the end?

answer: She didn't.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The text is a short story about a court case in which a tenant sues a housing project because of a fire. The defense attorney, Ramona Rogers, believes she will win the case, but when a surprise witness appears, Kimberly Wilkins, the case turns and the tenant wins, leaving Ramona unemployed again.


text:
SALT POND TOWNSHIP is an inactive township in Saline County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1]

The two principle settlements in the township are Sweet Springs and Emma. Emma is on the border with Freedom Township in Lafayette County.[2] The principle waterway in the township is the Blackwater River, with its major tributary, Davis Creek.[3] The northernmost part of the Perry Memorial Conservation Area is located in Salt Pond Township.

Salt Pond Township was established on November 25, 1820 when Saline County was created, and it was named for the numerous brine springs in the area; but it was not formally organized until May 1834.[4] The first European settlement in the township was in 1817 by Edward Reavis who established his family and retainers about four miles north of present-day Sweet Springs, where he engaged in salt mining.[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]  (citing Jacob Van Dyke and Frank L. Ayres)

[5]

title: Salt Pond Township, Saline County, Missouri

question: What is Salt Pond Township?

answer: an inactive township in Saline County, Missouri, US

question: What is the principle waterway of Salt Pond Township?

answer: the Blackwater River

question: When was Salt Pond Township formally organized?

answer: May 1834

question: When was the first European settlement of Salt Pond Township?

answer: 1817

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Salt Pond Township is an inactive township in Saline County, Missouri, US.


text:
Even before he lost his right hand to an industrial accident 4 years ago, Igor Spetic had family open his medicine bottles. Cotton balls give him goose bumps.

Now, blindfolded during an experiment, he feels his arm hairs rise when a researcher brushes the back of his prosthetic hand with a cotton ball.

Spetic, of course, can't feel the ball. But patterns of electric signals are sent by a computer into nerves in his arm and to his brain, which tells him different. "I knew immediately it was cotton," he said.

That's one of several types of sensation Spetic, of Madison, Ohio, can feel with the prosthetic system being developed by Case Western Reserve University and the Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Spetic was excited just to "feel" again, and quickly received an unexpected benefit. The phantom pain he'd suffered, which he's described as a vice crushing his closed fist, subsided almost completely. A second patient, who had less phantom pain after losing his right hand and much of his forearm in an accident, said his, too, is nearly gone.

Despite having phantom pain, both men said that the first time they were connected to the system and received the electrical stimulation, was the first time they'd felt their hands since their accidents. In the ensuing months, they began feeling sensations that were familiar and were able to control their prosthetic hands with more -- well -- dexterity.

To watch a video of the research, click here: http://youtu.be/l7jht5vvzR4.

"The sense of touch is one of the ways we interact with objects around us," said Dustin Tyler, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Case Western Reserve and director of the research. "Our goal is not just to restore function, but to build a reconnection to the world. This is long-lasting, chronic restoration of sensation over multiple points across the hand."

"The work reactivates areas of the brain that produce the sense of touch, said Tyler, who is also associate director of the Advanced Platform Technology Center at the Cleveland VA. "When the hand is lost, the inputs that switched on these areas were lost."

How the system works and the results will be published online in the journal _Science Translational Medicine_ Oct. 8.

"The sense of touch actually gets better," said Keith Vonderhuevel, of Sidney, Ohio, who lost his hand in 2005 and had the system implanted in January 2013. "They change things on the computer to change the sensation.

"One time," he said, "it felt like water running across the back of my hand."

The system, which is limited to the lab at this point, uses electrical stimulation to give the sense of feeling. But there are key differences from other reported efforts.

First, the nerves that used to relay the sense of touch to the brain are stimulated by contact points on cuffs that encircle major nerve bundles in the arm, not by electrodes inserted through the protective nerve membranes.

Surgeons Michael W Keith, MD and J. Robert Anderson, MD, from Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and Cleveland VA, implanted three electrode cuffs in Spetic's forearm, enabling him to feel 19 distinct points; and two cuffs in Vonderhuevel's upper arm, enabling him to feel 16 distinct locations.

Second, when they began the study, the sensation Spetic felt when a sensor was touched was a tingle. To provide more natural sensations, the research team has developed algorithms that convert the input from sensors taped to a patient's hand into varying patterns and intensities of electrical signals. The sensors themselves aren't sophisticated enough to discern textures, they detect only pressure.

The different signal patterns, passed through the cuffs, are read as different stimuli by the brain. The scientists continue to fine-tune the patterns, and Spetic and Vonderhuevel appear to be becoming more attuned to them.

Third, the system has worked for 2 ½ years in Spetic and 1½ in Vonderhueval. Other research has reported sensation lasting one month and, in some cases, the ability to feel began to fade over weeks.

A blindfolded Vonderhuevel has held grapes or cherries in his prosthetic hand -- the signals enabling him to gauge how tightly he's squeezing -- and pulled out the stems.

"When the sensation's on, it's not too hard," he said. "When it's off, you make a lot of grape juice."

Different signal patterns interpreted as sandpaper, a smooth surface and a ridged surface enabled a blindfolded Spetic to discern each as they were applied to his hand. And when researchers touched two different locations with two different textures at the same time, he could discern the type and location of each.

Tyler believes that everyone creates a map of sensations from their life history that enables them to correlate an input to a given sensation.

"I don't presume the stimuli we're giving is hitting the spots on the map exactly, but they're familiar enough that the brain identifies what it is," he said.

Because of Vonderheuval's and Spetic's continuing progress, Tyler is hopeful the method can lead to a lifetime of use. He's optimistic his team can develop a system a patient could use at home, within five years.

In addition to hand prosthetics, Tyler believes the technology can be used to help those using prosthetic legs receive input from the ground and adjust to gravel or uneven surfaces. Beyond that, the neural interfacing and new stimulation techniques may be useful in controlling tremors, deep brain stimulation and more.

question: Who is Igor Spetic?

answer: Igor Spetic is an individual who experiences phantom pain after losing his right hand and a majority of his forearm in an accident.

question: How was Igor able to eliminate the phantom pain?

answer: Scientists at Case Western Reserve University and the Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center created a prosthetic system to alleviate the phantom pain.

question: How does the prosthetic arm create the sensation of touch?

answer: The scientists embedded electrode cuffs in the patient's arm, which sent electric signals to the patient's brain. The brain then reads each signal as a different stimuli.

question: What is the ultimate goal for this technology?

answer: The research team hopes to develop a system that a patient could use at home in 5 years.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article gives an explanation about how technology involving prosthetics have been able to help patients with phantom pain.


text:
CHRISTIAN SEBASTIA ALMENAR, better known as CHRISTIAN SEBASTIA, was born on may 7 in Ciudad Guayana, Bolívar, Venezuela. He is a singer, musician, producer and composer. From 2006 to 2015, Christian was as Pastor in the Church of Jesus Christ,[1] along with his wife Eukarys Sebastia.[2] Christian has come to stand out as one of the most famous Christian singers and producers in the musical scene of the Christian community in Venezuela and is a contemporary proponent of Praise and Worship also called Gospel music.[3]

Christian Sebastia was the first Venezuelan gospel artist to perform for three consecutive days in the main auditorium of Madison Square Garden in New York, before a crowd of 25,000 people accompanied by North American artists such as Martha Munizzi and Alvin Slaughter.[4] Christian Sebastia is called in the artistic medium as “the Pastor of the Celebrities” and together with his wife Eukarys, they are pastoral counselors of couples and families of Hollywood.

Biography

Christian Sebastia is the first of 5 children of the marriage between Juan Pablo Sebastia and Aura Mercedes Sebastia. In 1969, after having finished their theological studies in Puerto Rico, they moved to Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela, where they began their missionary work.

In 1996 he married Eukarys Piña, with whom he has three children: Sabrina Sebastia (1999), Samantha Sebastia (2003) and Christian Sebastia Jr. (2005)

Career

[Christian Sebastia in the “Nuevo Circo” of Caracas, Venezuela in 1986] The first production where Christian Sebastia participated as a singer was “LA FAMILIA” a production of 10 songs made in 1986 and produced by his father, interpreting 2 songs.

Sebastia was featured in the “Nuevo Circo” of Caracas where he interpreted the songs before an audience of more than 9 thousand people, a year later he gained the recognition of the Christian hearing Protestant in Spanish through the Protestant Christian radio for the time, Radio TransMundial.[5] But it was in 2003 with the album “EN TI” that projected his music career as an artist, composer and producer to the international scene, in 2004 he was the first Venezuelan singer to participate in the “NOCHE DE GALA” of Expolit and the theme “ME ALEGRARÉ Y GOZARÉ” of the album “EN TI” was included in the track 12 of the compilation musical performed by Expolit titled “LLAMADOS PARA ESTE TIEMPO” where he shared space with the most renowned Christian artists of the time. Christian has been uninterrupted exhibitor at Expolit for 14 years, the largest Latin-American exhibition of Christian music and literature in the Hispano-America.[6]

In March of the year 2004, Christian presented for 6 consecutive nights in the Monumental of Valencia, Venezuela, with a daily attendance of more than 25 thousand people who sang next to Christian his best known songs.[7]

Among some of the songs from the album includes, “EN TI”, “ME ALEGRARÉ Y GOZARÉ” and “ME ALEGRARÉ Y GOZARÉ”, he played at Madison Square Garden in New York on July 27 to 29 of the year 2006.[8]''

In 2008, the _“Tu Amor / Your Love”_ album was recorded live in front of more than 3 thousand people in the campus of the Church of Jesus Christ in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, this production had guests who participate in duets with Christian Sebastia, among which is “TU AMOR” and “PALABRA DEL SEÑOR” with Pastor and artist Marcos Witt, 5 times winner of Latin Grammy Awards, with a trajectory of more than 30 Years of career and more than 60 musical productions, “TUERES MI ABRIGO” with Pastor Juan Sebastia, his father, who has 11 musical productions and a well-known Christian artist in the 80's, “PARA DARTE LA GLORIA” that is interpreted together with Jennifer Salinas.

In 2008 the music album “TU AMOR” it received the distinction of Mara de Oro as “_Best Album of Christian Music_ of year 2008”.[9]

Later in 2011, he won this distinction in the category of “_Best Production Manager Tour 25 Commemorative – Marcos Witt_ year 2011”, for the production of the series of concerts that Witt gave in Venezuela (Puerto Ordaz, Barinas, Maracaibo and Caracas)[10]

In 2013 Christian is becomes the Production Manager of Monica Rodriguez[11] singer and first Venezuelan woman to win the Latin Grammy Awards. In 2014 Christian is awarded by the organization of Mara de Oro as “_Best Production Manager Tour Monica Rodriguez - Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico and the United States_ of the year 2014”[12]

In May of the year 2018 the album “Tengo Fe” was released. This christian musical production has the participation of guest stars, who performed together with Christian Sebastia songs like: “Tu Amor” with Ilan Chester, “Nunca Pude Imaginar” with Mariaca Semprún, “Jesús La Razón” with Luis Fernando Borjas vocalist of Guaco (band), “A ti Me Rindo” with Gabriela Cartulano, nominated for the best Christian album in the edition of the Latin Grammys of the year 2017, “Principe de Paz” with Clayton Uehara among others. [13] Produced by the record label Carismah Studios and CA Entertainment Group.

On Friday, April 5, 2019, the album “Tengo Fe” is nominated for the XV edition of the awards of the National Academy of Music and Christian Arts (Arpa Awards) in three categories: “Best Pop / Fusion Album”, “Best Song in Performance (Principe de Paz - feat Clayton Uehara)” and “Best producer.”[14]

Discography

-   La Familia
-   En Ti [15]
-   Llamados para este tiempo [16]
-   Tu Amor [17]
-   2013 eXplosion [18][19]
-   Tengo Fe [20]

Awards and nominations

-   Mara de Oro Award “_Tu Amor as Best Album of Christian Music_ of year 2008”
-   Mara de Oro Award “_Best Production Manager Tour 25 Commemorative – Marcos Witt_ year 2011”
-   Mara de Oro Award “_Best Production Manager Tour Monica Rodriguez - Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico and the United States_ of the year 2014”
-   Nominated for the XV edition of the ARPA awards for “Best Album Pop / Fusion 2019”
-   Nominated for the XV edition of the ARPA awards for the “Best Song in Performance 2019 (Principe de Paz - f.e.a.t. Clayton Uehara)”
-   Nominated for the XV edition of the ARPA awards for “Best Producer 2019”

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title: Christian Sebastia

question: Who is Christian Sebastia?

answer: He is a famous Venezuelan Christian Gospel music singer, musician, producer, and composer who also served as Pastor in the Church of Jesus Christ from 2006 to 2015.

question: What was the first production where Christian Sebastia participated in?

answer: La Familia

question: Name the first Venezuelan woman to win the Latin Grammy Awards.

answer: Monica Rodriguez

question: List three albums by Christian Sebastia.

answer:
- Tu Amor
- La Familia
- Tango Fe

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Christian Sebastia is a famous Venezuelan Christian Gospel music singer, musician, producer, and composer. He was a Pastor of the Church of Jesus Christ from 2006 to 2015. The "Pastor of the Celebrities" is the first Venezuelan gospel artist to perform for three consecutive days in the main auditorium of Madison Square Garden in New York. His notable albums include Tango Fe, La Familia, and Tu Amor.