text:
Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that became public last week. The company has been warning customers of three specific flaws in a recent firmware update and recommending that customers hold off installing the patch, according to emails first reported by _The Wall Street Journal_. According to a follow-up announcement by Intel, the issue may cause reboot issues in systems running older Haswell chips.

Intel has been aware of the Spectre issues since June, but rewriting processor firmware to address the vulnerability proved to be a significant challenge. The company has committed to protecting 90 percent of its CPUs produced in the last five years, with patches to be deployed by January 15th, but technical issues have marred those patches across the board. Earlier this week, Microsoft had to halt the deployment of AMD’s Spectre patches after they rendered some computers unbootable.

Patching the CPU firmware is widely seen as the most technically difficult element of Spectre recovery, far more challenging than the operating system or browser patches that were deployed last week. It’s also the patch most likely to slow computers down, although it’s still unclear how significant the performance hit will be. Intel’s recent benchmarks show less than 5 percent slowdowns on recent processors, but those tests did not extend to the Haswell processors affected by today’s issues.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the main topic of the article?

answer: Last week, major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities became public knowledge. Intel is running into problems addressing the vulnerabilities.

text: "Intel is running into problems addressing the vulnerabilities." - fails to mention what exactly Intel is protecting (chips). Rewrite to include "chips."

refinement: Last week, major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities became public knowledge. Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from these vulnerabilities.

answer: The primary subject of the article is the difficulties faced by Intel in protecting its chips against Spectre vulnerabilities.

text: "protecting its chips against Spectre vulnerabilities." - omitted "Meltdown". Must include Meltdown.

refinement: The primary subject of the article is the difficulties faced by Intel in protecting its chips against major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities.

answer: Intel has run into problems protecting its processing chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. It seems the issue effects systems running older Haswell chips.

text: "issue effects systems" - change the spelling of "effects" to "affects"

refinement: Intel has run into problems protecting its processing chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. It seems the issue affects systems running older Haswell chips.

answer: The main topic of the article is technical difficulties in fixing the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities.

text: "The main topic of the article is technical difficulties in fixing the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities." - it doesn't mention who is having these difficulties (Intel) and what these vulnerabilities affect. Rewrite to include "Intel" and "chips."

refinement: The main topic of the article is Intel's technical difficulties in fixing the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that are affecting their chips.

answer: Intel's running into problems with protecting its chips from the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that can cause harware to reboot unexpectedly.

text: "harware" - correct the spelling to "hardware"

refinement: Intel's running into problems with protecting its chips from the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that can cause hardware to reboot unexpectedly.

text: Remove "with" to improve clarity

refinement: Intel's running into problems protecting its chips from the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that can cause hardware to reboot unexpectedly.

text: "Intel's" - replace with "Intel is"

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that can cause hardware to reboot unexpectedly.

text: "cause hardware to reboot unexpectedly" - must include "systems running older Haswell chips" for better accuracy

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that can cause hardware to reboot unexpectedly on systems running older Haswell chips.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Have the patches been successful?

answer: Unclear. Microsoft halted the deployment of AMD's patches after problems.

text: "Unclear. Microsoft halted the deployment of AMD's patches after problems." - it's not unclear because Intel is clearly running into problems with their firmware update: "The company has been warning customers of three specific flaws in a recent firmware update and recommending that customers hold off installing the patch." The patch may also cause reboot issues in systems running older Haswell chips. Also, " technical issues have marred those patches across the board. Earlier this week, Microsoft had to halt the deployment of AMD’s Spectre patches after they rendered some computers unbootable." - which makes it clear the patches have not been successful. Rewrite the answer.

answer: No

answer: No, they have not been successful. Intel has had issues with protecting its chips from Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. Specifically, Intel has warned customers of three specific flaws in a recent firmware update and recommended that customers hold off installing the patch. There is also an issue affecting Haswell chips that may cause reboot issues. Overall, patches for these vulnerabilities have been marked by significant technical difficulties.

text: "Intel has had issues with protecting its chips from Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. Specifically, Intel has warned customers of three specific flaws in a recent firmware update and recommended that customers hold off installing the patch. There is also an issue affecting Haswell chips that may cause reboot issues. Overall, patches for these vulnerabilities have been marked by significant technical difficulties." - the question is not open-ended and a simple answer would suffice, making this section optional. Can be deleted.

answer: Technical issues have hampered the patches efforts.

text: "Technical issues have hampered the patches efforts." - doesn't really answer the question directly. Add "No"

refinement: No, technical issues have hampered the patches efforts.

text: "patches efforts" - replace with "the efforts of the patch." for improved clarity

refinement: No, technical issues have hampered the efforts of the patch.

answer: The patches have not been successful as Intel is experiencing issues with protecting its chips from the Spectre vulnerabilities. Specifically, there are three flaws in a recent firmware update and Intel has recommended that customers hold off installing the patch.

text: "protecting its chips from the Spectre vulnerabilities." - missing "Meltdown"

refinement: The patches have not been successful as Intel is experiencing issues with protecting its chips from Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. Specifically, there are three flaws in a recent firmware update and Intel has recommended that customers hold off installing the patch.

text: "as Intel is experiencing issues with protecting its chips from Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. Specifically, there are three flaws in a recent firmware update and Intel has recommended that customers hold off installing the patch." - the question is not open-ended and a simple answer would suffice, making this section optional. Can be deleted.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who first reported the incident?

answer: The Wall Street Journal

answer: The Wall Street Journal.

answer: The Wall Street Journal

answer: The Wall Street Journal first reported the issues with the latest Intel firmware update.

text: "first reported the issues with the latest Intel firmware update." - superfluous details that may be irrelevant given the question. Should be deleted.

answer: The Wall Street Journal initially reported the incident.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Which type of chip seems to be particularly vulnerable?

answer: Haswell

answer: The chips manufactured on Haswell.

text: "The chips manufactured on" - is irrelevant and isn't mentioned anywhere in the passage. This should be deleted and rewritten.

answer: The most vulnerable chip seems to be Haswell processors, given the problems with patches for those chips.

text: "The most vulnerable chip seems to be Haswell processors, given the problems with patches for those chips." - too much information doesn't do anything for the answer. Rewrite to simplify the answer to "Older Haswell chips seem to be the most vulnerable."

refinement: "Older Haswell chips seem to be the most vulnerable."

answer: The Haswell chip.

answer: Haswell chips seem to be particularly vulnerable to the Spectre vulnerabilities.

text: "to the Spectre vulnerabilities." - superfluous detail that is missing "Meltdown".

refinement: Haswell chips seem to be particularly vulnerable to Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Intel has admitted to flaws in its firmware patches for the Spectre vulnerability, and is advising customers not to install them until further notice. Potential problems with older Haswell processors could cause system reboots.

text: "Spectre vulnerability" - missing "Meltdown". Rewrite to add Meltdown.

refinement: Intel has admitted to flaws in its firmware patches for Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities and is advising customers not to install them until further notice. Potential problems with older Haswell processors could cause system reboots.

answer: Intel is struggling with three specific flaws which were introduced in recent firmware updates. The company is recommending that customers hold off installing the patch due to possible reboot issues for older Haswell chips.

text: Missing what the firmware updates are for (Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities). Rewrite the first sentence.

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities while struggling with three specific flaws which were introduced in recent firmware updates. The company is recommending that customers hold off installing the patch due to possible reboot issues for older Haswell chips.

answer: The Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities have recently be revealed and could cause significant problems. The company is not sure how the performance will effect the processors.

text: "recently be revealed" - the verb "be" is wrong needs to be replaced with "been"

refinement: The Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities have recently been revealed and could cause significant problems. The company is not sure how the performance will effect the processors.

text: "effect" - replace with "affect"

refinement: The Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities have recently been revealed and could cause significant problems. The company is not sure how the performance will affect the processors.

text: "The Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities have recently been revealed and could cause significant problems." - fails to mention what the problem is and who revealed it. Rewrite the answer to incorporate the missing details "Intel" and "rebooting issues in older Haswell chips.

refinement: Intel has recently revealed that firmware updates to patch against Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities could cause reboot issues in systems running older Haswell chips. The company is not sure how the performance will affect the processors.

answer: Intel has run into problems protecting its processing chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. It seems the issue effects systems running older Haswell chips.

text: "issue effects" - change "effects" to "affects"

refinement: Intel has run into problems protecting its processing chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. It seems the issue affects systems running older Haswell chips.

answer: Major system security flaws in desktop and laptop computer chips were released recently, and Intel has been working on fixing them. Performance on older processors may decrease due to the fixes and patches, however, the extent of the performance slowdowns are uncertain.

text: "Major system security flaws in desktop and laptop computer chips were released recently, and Intel has been working on fixing them." - is inaccurate because these security flaws weren't released per se, they became public. This section should have focused on the Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. This section needs a complete rewrite.

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities that became public last week. Performance on older processors may decrease due to the fixes and patches, however, the extent of the performance slowdowns are uncertain.

text: "slowdowns are uncertain" - change the subject-verb agreement "are" to "is"

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities due to specific flaws in a recent firmware update. Performance on older processors may decrease due to the fixes and patches, however, the extent of the performance slowdowns is uncertain.

text: "Performance on older processors may decrease due to the fixes and patches, however, the extent of the performance slowdowns is uncertain." - missing what type of processor (Haswell) and needs to add a line that will connect the statement to the first sentence.

refinement: Intel is running into problems protecting its chips from the major Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities due to specific flaws in a recent firmware update. The company is recommending that customers hold off installing the patch because it may cause reboot issues in systems running older Haswell chips, and performance on older processors may decrease.


split: test

text:
 This article is more than 2 YEARS OLD

Sales bested 2017’s 17% increase over Labor Day, according to Edison Trends, despite Trump’s protests of the campaign

The Nike ad starring Colin Kaepernick does not appear to have adversely affected sales, an analyst said on Saturday.

According to Edison Trends, a digital commerce research company: “Nike sales grew 31% from Sunday through Tuesday over Labor Day this year, besting 2017’s comparative 17% increase.”

The sportswear giant released the first version of its ad on Monday, the Labor Day holiday. It featured the quarterback and the slogan: “Believe in something. Even if it means sacrificing everything. Just do it.”

Kaepernick, 30, has been without a team since opting out of his San Francisco 49ers contract in March 2017. In 2016 he was an originator of protests by NFL players, targeting racial injustice and police brutality, which often involve kneeling during the pre-game playing of the national anthem.

Donald Trump has made the protests a key part of his appeal to his base, arguing that the players are disrespecting the anthem, the US flag and the military.

On Tuesday, the president told the rightwing website Daily Caller: “I think it’s a terrible message that [Nike] are sending and the purpose of them doing it, maybe there’s a reason for them doing it. But I think as far as sending a message, I think it’s a terrible message and a message that shouldn’t be sent. There’s no reason for it.”

He also said Nike paid him “a lot of rent” in New York and admitted that the protests and the Nike ad were “in another way … what this country is all about, that you have certain freedoms to do things that other people think you shouldn’t do”.

“But I personally am on a different side of it,” Trump said.

In the following days, the president pursued the issue via Twitter. On Wednesday, he wrote: “Just like the NFL, whose ratings have gone WAY DOWN, Nike is getting absolutely killed with anger and boycotts. I wonder if they had any idea that it would be this way? As far as the NFL is concerned, I just find it hard to watch, and always will, until they stand for the FLAG!”

Trump did not supply evidence for his claim of “anger and boycotts” but opposition to the company’s move was expressed widely and in some instances creatively on social media.

On Friday, the morning after the full version of the Nike ad played during the Philadelphia Eagles v Atlanta Falcons NFL season opener, the president asked: “What was Nike thinking?”

Nike releases full ad featuring Colin Kaepernick - video
Edison Trends’ analysis suggested the company will be thinking its gambit has worked, allowing it to surf familiar controversy and create a “Trump bump” all of its own.

“Nike’s 2018 late summer sales show much the same trend as last year’s,” the company wrote, “with order volume decreasing slightly going into late August. The similarity decreases coming out of Labor Day weekend, however, with sales seeing a bigger bump on Monday and Tuesday than in the past.”

Edison Trends said its analysis was based on “anonymised and aggregated e-receipts from more than 3 million consumers”.

The NFL has not resolved how to respond to or govern the protests, which were widely discussed again on Thursday after Eagles defensive end Michael Bennett sat down before the anthem had finished.

In July, in an open letter to league owners, the NBA great and Guardian sports columnist Kareem Abdul Jabbar wrote: “It’s been two years since Colin Kaepernick first took a knee to protest systemic racial injustice, especially police brutality, against people of color.

“The worst thing about that isn’t that two years later we’re still debating whether players have the right to protest, it’s that not much has changed regarding what Kaepernick was protesting.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the arguments against Kaepernick.

answer: Donald Trump has made the protests a key part of his appeal to his base, arguing that the players are disrespecting the anthem, the US flag, and the military.

text: This doesn't directly answer the question. This should state that Trump finds Kaepernick and other player's protests disrespectful.

refinement: Donald Trump has made the protests a key part of his appeal to his base, arguing that Kaepernick and other players who take the knee are disrespecting the anthem, the US flag, and the military.

text: This comment is unnecessary and could be omitted.

refinement: Donald Trump argued that Kaepernick and other players who take the knee are disrespecting the anthem, the US flag, and the military.

text: It's omitted Trump found Kaepernik's Nike commercial to be a terrible message, and thinks it would affect their business.

refinement: Donald Trump argued that Kaepernick and other players who take the knee are disrespecting the anthem, the US flag, and the military. He found Kaepernick's Nike commercial to be a terrible message, and thinks it would affect their business.

answer: Trump states that Kaepernick is disrespecting the anthem, the US flag and the military.

answer: Trump states that Kaepernick is disrespecting the anthem, the US flag and the military by kneeling during the pre-game playing of the national anthem.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the effects of Kaepernick's protests?

answer: The article states that Nike sales went up by 31% during Labor Day weekend, despite Trump's protests. The analyst that is quoted believes that Nike's sales will continue to grow. However, Trump believes that Nike has sent a terrible message to the country.

text: The article doesn't say the sales will continue to grow.

refinement: The article states that Nike sales went up by 31% during Labor Day weekend, despite Trump's protests.  However, Trump believes that Nike has sent a terrible message to the country.

answer: According to Edison Trends, Nike sales went up 31% after their ads featuring Kaepernick. Trump has been critical of the protests, arguing that they are disrespectful towards the anthem, flag, and military. Despite this, Nike's sales have not been negatively affected.

answer: The article states that Nike sales went up by 31% during Labor Day weekend, despite Trump's protests. The analyst that is quoted believes that Nike's sales will continue to grow. However, Trump believes that Nike has sent a terrible message to the country.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about ways to resolve racial injustice and police brutality?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
I think that people are inherently good. I strongly believe in the Golden Rule. I treat others as I would like to be treated: Holding doors open for those that I sense would have trouble. Giving up my seat to those that look as though they might need it: men, women, and the elderly. Being considerate! Saying thank you, and you're welcome! Thinking of others before myself. Writing "thank you" letters when appropriate. Not being mean to animals (perhaps excluding snakes and spiders unless they keep to themselves). I had always helped, and it felt good. But slowly, I began to notice things were changing. I still wanted to help others, but it was getting more difficult as I was passing the 3/4 of a century mark. I would tell my friends (just kidding) that I couldn't associate with people that old. When did I get this old? I have children over 50 and grandchildren over 20. Has society changed? Are its members less caring? I have heard this.

I went to a take-out pizza establishment last week. Going in, I held open the door for a young lady who said "thank you", and when I entered, she insisted that I order before she did. The place was busy with little space to stand. When I picked up my order, I had to squeeze my way to the door as there was not much room, and I was having some trouble walking. As I got to the door, it opened. Automatic I thought. I looked down to find a boy of about ten holding it for me and smiling. "Did I look that feeble?" I thought. I said thank you, and he was smiling as he said "your welcome." No one had told him to do it. He was on his own. I think it made him feel good! Someone had taught him manners. It feels good to help others.

Another pizza place I go to has a flight of stairs to overcome. Going up is not a problem, but going down with a pizza in hand is. One of the young employees asked if she could help. I said "sure". I went ahead, got in the car, and she handed it through the car window to me, all-the-while sporting a wide grin. Thanks, I said. You are welcome, she replied. Every time I get pizza and she is working, she immediately says "I'll give it to you through the window." I think it makes her feel as good as it does me!

When I go to the grocery store, I buy 2-3 weeks of food because I don't know when I will have the energy again(pain when walking, but getting better). The box boys or girls will always ask if they can empty the shopping cart for me. Then they bag the groceries and ask if they can help me load them into the car. I always ask them if they can go home with me and unload them and put them away too. They smile, we joke. I ask them if they are still in school and where they are attending. They are always friendly. I say thank you and they say "you're welcome".

When did I get old? I stopped playing competitive softball at 70 due to some injuries, but I received a call from one of my softball friends saying that he is forming an 80-year old competitive team and would like me to play on the team. It was nice of him to ask, and I do think he meant it. As soon as I get rid of my pain, I will start slowly working out again. My mind says yes, but my body isn't so sure. I am "bird-walking"----getting off the subject now, so must get back on point.

I had an appointment with a pain clinic. I knew the area well but had never seen the medical office. I had the address, but could not find any numbers on the buildings. My car does not have GPS(2002 model), and I was ten minutes late for the meeting. I had to park across the street in a dirt parking lot. The street had moderate traffic, but I managed to get across. The curb must have been at least 18-24 inches high. It seemed like an insurmountable wall, but by holding on to the front of a parked car, I managed to get up. Now there were four steps to climb and a heavy door to open. At the top of the stairs was a man of about 35 years old. He had tattoos on his arms and neck, and smiled at me and politely opened the door. I said thanks. I was told that other patients would have to be seen before me, and the wait might be an hour or more. I decided not to wait. I would go to the car, call my private doctor, tell him my pain situation and see if he would give me a shot for the it.

As I left the pain center, the tattooed man stood at the base of the steps. He smiled again and asked me if I needed any help. Was he waiting for me to leave so he might mug me? I wobbled down the 4 steps and said no thank you, my car is just across the street. He said, "You don't look as though you can go that far". "If you give me your keys, I will go over and get it for you." I thought, "Sure, then you will drive the car away." My car was a 15-year old Hyundai SUV. I didn't trust him even though he had opened a door for me and smiled at the same time. Surely, he had devious intentions. "This doesn't look good," I thought. So, I said, "I can make it." He backed off but watched as I tried to negotiate the 18 in curb. There was no car for me to grab for balance. He began to approach me again, and I began to sweat. There was no one else nearby. He put one arm around my waist and proceeded to lift me off the ground. Then, oh so gently, moved me off the curb and onto the street 18 inches below. "I hope this helps," he said with a smile. "I'll watch as you cross the street", he said still smiling. I felt bad that I had jumped to conclusions and again said "thanks".

I called my doctor whose office was 10 minutes away. His nurse told me that the doctor said to come in, and he wanted to know if she could give me the shot. I said that would be fine, but I will have a lot of trouble getting out of the car much less getting around to the office as the parking was in the back. He worked from the house that he had turned into his office. He was the only doctor that worked there. I had known him and his nurse for 25 years. She was cute and always in a good mood. She came to the back, needle in hand, had me open the driver's side door, had me pull one side of my pants down an inch exposing my left hip, and with great joy jammed the needle in it.

"This doesn't look good!," I said smiling. "People might get the wrong idea!" She laughed, I smiled. This didn't look good, but neither did the fellow with the tattoo. This was all about people that I had met recently and the good that they had done, and how it feels to help others.

title: [MF] THIS DOESN'T LOOK GOOD...

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about strangers?

answer: The narrator has a positive experience with a stranger when he helps him off a curb. The stranger helps him to his car. The narrator is suspicious of the stranger's motives. He is helped by a second stranger in the parking lot of a pain clinic. The narrator feels bad for jumping to conclusions about the stranger's motives and is grateful for the stranger's help.

text: The answer claims a second man helped the narrator at the pain clinic, which isn't true.

refinement: The narrator has a positive experience with a stranger when he helps him off a curb. The stranger helps him to his car. The narrator is suspicious of the stranger's motives. He is helped by him in the parking lot of a pain clinic. The narrator feels bad for jumping to conclusions about the stranger's motives and is grateful for the stranger's help.

text: The answer retells the events around the pain clinic in a confusing way.

refinement: The narrator encounters a tattooed man while going to a pain clinic. On his way out, he can't manage to get off the curb (the narrator is old). The narrator refuses the man's help twice, assuming ill intent. However, the man lifts him off the curb and watches as the narrator crosses the street. The narrator feels bad about presuming malice.

text: The answer omits that the narrator has many other positive experiences with strangers.

refinement: The narrator encounters a tattooed man while going to a pain clinic. On his way out, he can't manage to get off the curb (the narrator is old). The narrator refuses the man's help twice, assuming ill intent. However, the man lifts him off the curb and watches as the narrator crosses the street. The narrator feels bad about presuming malice. The narrator speaks of many other positive encounters he had with strangers, and he feels good about that.

answer: The narrator has a positive experience with a stranger when he helps him off a curb. The stranger helps him to his car. The narrator is suspicious of the stranger's motives. He is helped by a second stranger in the parking lot of a pain clinic.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about "kids these days?"

answer: No answer

answer: The narrator believes kids these days are taught manners.


text:
AVIS LITTLE EAGLE is a journalist and the founder of the _Teton Times_, an independent Native American newspaper. She is a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

Biography

Little Eagle began work as a journalist at the _Lakota Times_ in 1990.[1] There, she wrote a ten-part series exposing fake medicine men and women which Tim Giago, editor of the _Lakota Times_, calls “one of the major accomplishments in Indian journalism.”[2] Over the next decade at the _Lakota Times_, she was promoted from news reporter to managing editor.[3] When the paper changed its name to _Indian Country Today_, Little Eagle was the one who suggested the new name.[4]

In 2002, Little Eagle founded the _Teton Times_ in McLaughlin, South Dakota.[5][6] The newspaper only exists in print, without a website.[7] The paper serves the Standing Rock Reservation, where Little Eagle says many of her customers don't have internet access, so that, she says, “her printed paper is the only way they know what's going on with local government or whose kids made the honor roll.”[8] Unlike many Native newspapers, the _Teton Times_ is independent, rather than being owned by the tribal government of the area it serves.[9] Tim Giago identifies the _Teton Times_ as one of the “most read, most influential of these independent newspapers.”[10] In the report _American Indian Media Today_, Jodi Rave emphasizes the importance of independent ownership: “Press freedom for tribe-owned media is a key challenge faced by Native American media. Tribal governments remain the largest media owners and control an estimated 72 percent of newspapers and radio stations.”[11]

In 2005, Little Eagle ran for office within the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, and became the first woman elected to be vice president.[12] When President Barack Obama visited Standing Rock in 2014, Little Eagle expressed concerns about the proposed expansion Keystone Pipeline which would impact her tribe's land,[13] and was present at the Pow Wow held in his honor at Cannon Ball, North Dakota.[14] As of 2015, she was a councilwoman at-large for Standing Rock.[15]

She was elected to the board of the Native American Journalists Association in 2019.[16]

Awards and nominations

-   Little Eagle was nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award in 2017.[17]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

title: Avis Little Eagle

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

To what Native American tribe does Avis Little Eagle belong?

answer: The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.

text: 'Tribe' in the sentence should not be capitalised.

answer: She is a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

answer: The article mentions that Little Eagle is a member of the Sioux tribe.

answer: The Avis Little Eagle belongs to the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.

text: The model refers to the person as an object by saying 'The Avis Little Eagle.'

refinement: Avis Little Eagle belongs to the Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

answer: The Standing Rock Sioux tribe.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Explain Avis Little Eagle's relationship to the Teton Times.

answer: She is the founder of the Teton Times.

text: The model scarcely gives detail about Little Eagle's relationship to the Teton Times.

refinement: In 2002, Litle Eagle founded the Teton Times, an independent Native American newspaper that does not have its website and only exists in print. She set up the newspaper in Standing Rock Reservation, where most of her customers lack internet access and is the only way information can be quickly disseminated to the people.

answer: Little Eagle founded the Teton Times as an independent Native American newspaper. She continues to serve as managing editor of the paper. The Teton Times primarily exists to provide news and information to the Standing Rock Reservation for those who do not have internet access. Little Eagle's close relation to the Teton Times emphasizes the importance of independent ownership and freedom of the press in Native American journalism.

text: 'She continues to serve as managing editor of the paper' is inaccurate because that information referred to when she worked at Lakota Times. Also, the information is not necessary for the question asked.

refinement: Little Eagle founded the Teton Times as an independent Native American newspaper. Teton Times primarily provides news and information to the Standing Rock Reservation for those who do not have internet access. Also, Little Eagle's close relation to the Teton Times emphasizes the importance of independent ownership and press freedom in Native American journalism.

answer: Little Eagle founded the Teton Times as an independent Native American newspaper, serving the Standing Rock Reservation. The paper is considered to be one of the most influential in the area. Little Eagle was nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award in 2017.

text: 'Little Eagle was nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award in 2017' does not relate to the question being asked.

refinement: Little Eagle founded the Teton Times as an independent Native American newspaper, serving the Standing Rock Reservation. The paper is considered to be one of the most influential in the area.

answer: Little Eagle is the founder of the Teton Times, an independent Native American newspaper.

text: The model's response does not explain Little Eagle's relationship to the Teton Times.

refinement: Little Eagle is the founder of the Teton Times, an independent Native American newspaper that does not have its website and only exists in print. She set up the newspaper in Standing Rock Reservation, where most of her customers lack internet access and is the only way information can be quickly disseminated to the people. Little Eagle's close relation to the Teton Times emphasizes the importance of independent ownership and press freedom in Native American journalism.

answer: Other than its owner and founder, Little Eagle was the editor of the Lakota Times, and applied the name to her new newspaper in 2002. She established the paper on the Standing Rock reservation, where she says most readers don't have internet access.

text: 'Other than its owner and founder,' what does "its" refer to?

refinement: Little Eagle established Teton Times in 2002, which primarily provides news and information to the Standing Rock Reservation for those who do not have internet access. Little Eagle's close relation to the Teton Times emphasizes the importance of independent ownership and freedom of the press in Native American journalism.

text: '... and applied the name to her new newspaper in 2002' Lakota Times was the name of the previous newspaper company she worked for. Her new newspaper is called Teton Times.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the latest year mentioned in this text?

answer: The latest year mentioned in this text is 2015.

text: 2015 is not the most recent year mentioned in the text.

refinement: The latest year mentioned in this text is 2019.

answer: 2019.

answer: 2015

text: 2015 is not the most recent year mentioned in the text.

answer: The earliest year mentioned in the text is 1990.

text: The model is confusing 'latest' with 'earliest' and is likely unaware of its meaning. Latest means most recent.

refinement: The most recent year mentioned in the text is 2019.

answer: Bounded by only the article's publication.

text: The model's response is confusing and does not directly answer the question.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Does Avis Little Eagle have children?

answer: That information cannot be found.

answer: The text doesn't say.

answer: No, Avis Little Eagle does not have children.

text: How does the model know she does not have children? That information is not stated in the text.

refinement: The information cannot be found in the text.

answer: No, Avis Little Eagle does not have children.

text: How does the model know she does not have children? That information is not stated in the text.

answer: It does not say.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Avis Little Eagle is a Native American journalist and the founder of Teton Times, an independent Native American newspaper. Previously, she worked at the Lakota Times and became managing editor in a decade. After founding the Teton Times in 2002, she was elected to the board of the Native American Journalists Association in 2019.

answer: This text is a brief biography of Avis Little Eagle, a Native American journalist and the founder of the independent newspaper, the Teton Times. She began her journalistic career in 1990 at the Lakota Times and by 2002  founded the Teton Times. Little Eagle was the first woman elected vice-president of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.

answer: Avis Little Eagle is a journalist and founder of the Teton Times, an independent Native American newspaper. She is a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe. She has been nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award and became the first female vice president of her tribe in 2005. She is active in raising awareness of issues impacting her tribe and advocating for freedom of press.

answer: Avis Little Eagle is a journalist and founder of the _Teton Times_, an independent Native American newspaper. She is a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, and was the first woman elected to be vice president within her tribe. She was recently nominated for the Spirit of Dakota Award. Little Eagle fights for press freedom and is concerned about the proposed expansion of the Keystone Pipeline.

answer:
Avis Little Eagle is a journalist and the founder of the newspaper, The Teton Times. She is an independent Native American media owner.

Little Eagle has been an influential figure in the Native community.


text:
Women who are not entirely straight or gay tend to have slightly higher levels of psychopathic traits and a more casual attitude towards sex, according to new research published in the journal _Evolutionary Psychological Science_. The study also provides more evidence that bisexuality is a distinct sexual orientation in women.

“I was mainly interested in this topic because certain patterns seemed to be accruing in the academic literature regarding bisexual individuals, and bisexual women in particular. Bisexual women differ in some important ways––such as personality, sex drive, and relative openness to casual sex––from both their heterosexual and their lesbian counterparts,” said Scott W. Semenyna of University of Lethbridge, the corresponding author of the study.

“My specific interest in the overlap between sexual orientation, Dark Triad traits (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), and sociosexuality sprang from two key findings. First, bisexual women report elevated sociosexuality (i.e., greater comfort with, desire for, and engagement in uncommitted sexual activity) compared to both heterosexual or lesbian women. Second, bisexual women report slightly lower levels of two personality traits––honesty/humility, and conscientiousness––than other sexual orientation groups.”

“These personality traits have both been related to higher levels of Dark Triad traits, and also greater sociosexuality,” Semenyna told PsyPost. “These past findings suggest that female sexual orientation may share some unique relationships with both personality, and sexuality related variables, and I wanted to dig deeper into those potential connections.”

The researchers found that bisexual women tended to score higher on measures of sociosexuality and psychopathy than strictly heterosexual and lesbian women.

The findings were based on two surveys of a total of 1,093 female students at a Midwestern Canadian University. The study utilized the Kinsey scale of sexual attraction, which ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual. In the very middle of the scale are individuals who are mostly heterosexual, equally heterosexual and homosexual, and mostly homosexual.

“The big-picture take away from this study is that sociosexuality shares a curvilinear (inverted-U) relationship with female sexual orientation,” Semenyna explained. “Heterosexual and lesbian women don’t tend to differ from one another in their relative caution towards uncommitted sexual activity. Women towards the middle of the sexual orientation spectrum, especially those who are ‘moderately bisexual,’ are somewhat less cautious about uncommitted sexual activity.”

“Alongside these shifts in sociosexuality are shifts in some Dark Triad personality traits, particularly psychopathy,” Semenyna told PsyPost. “These shifts are subtle, only about as large as typical sex differences in the traits, but they’re interesting. (Men typically score higher in all Dark Triad traits, as well as interest in casual sex, than do women.)”

“Primarily such evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that female bisexuality and female homosexuality are the result of different developmental processes. If female bisexuality and homosexuality were simply the result of the same underlying developmental processes, one would expect that any differences between heterosexual and bisexual women in personality or interest in casual sex would be even larger when comparing heterosexual and lesbian women.”

“Instead, what we observe is that lesbian and heterosexual women don’t differ in these variables, despite drastic difference in who they are sexually attracted to,” Semenyna said. “On the other hand, bisexual women are higher in these traits than heterosexual or lesbian women, while being attracted to some degree to both males and females.”

The study does have some limitations.

“While research into female sexuality and women’s sexual orientation has grown in the last few decades, we are in desperate need of more data to bridge the substantial gaps in our understanding,” Semenyna remarked.

“The biggest caveat in the present study is that the sexual orientation differences in psychopathy have not yet been replicated. The study adds support to other findings that bisexual women are more interested in casual sex, and engage in it more often (often with men). Other aspects of the study require replication, ideally by independent researchers.”

“The other caveat is that this study was conducted on an extremely WEIRD sample (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). It’s unclear whether these differences apply only to university students, if similar differences may exist in the general population, or what possible cross-cultural variation exists in these patterns,” Semenyna said.

“The cross-sectional nature of the study also prevents any causal connections from being drawn. First we have to establish these potential differences as reliable, then we have to interpret why these difference may exist and what they mean. In short, this study is an extremely small thread in a large tapestry that is slowly being woven, but is far from complete.”

Semenyna also emphasized that the study should not be misinterpreted as an attack on bisexuality or bisexual women.

“I’ve seen certain criticisms online of the study that it suggests that bisexual women are ‘slutty,’ or that we are trying to paint bisexual women in a negative light. Essentially the research is being accused of being ‘biphobic,'” he explained.

“I think this is unfortunate for several reasons. The first of which is that the purpose of science is to investigate and understand, and report results regardless of how well they fit our preconceptions and preferences. Scientific investigation of sexual minorities is an important step towards greater understanding, and ultimately greater acceptance.”

“The second reason is that I don’t see anything inherently wrong with people being comfortable with and pursuing casual sexual behavior, and having the freedom to do so. The sexual orientation differences in sociosexuality, as well as psychopathy, are only about as large as the typical sex differences found in these traits, with men on average scoring slightly higher than women on average,” Semenyna said.

“To suggest that these differences in sociosexuality or psychopathy paint bisexual women in a negative light is to simultaneously smear men, who similarly score higher than heterosexual women on these traits. To view normal variation (i.e., diversity) in human personality and sexual behavior as somehow problematic is ultimately counterproductive to both scientific progress on these topics, and social acceptance.”

The study, “Not Straight and Not Straightforward: the Relationships Between Sexual Orientation, Sociosexuality, and Dark Triad Traits in Women“, Charlene F. Belu, Paul L. Vasey, and P. Lynne Honey.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the article has to say about Dark Triad personality traits.

answer: The article states that bisexual women tend to score higher on measures of sociosexuality and psychopathy than strictly heterosexual and lesbian women. The article also states that Dark Triad traits are related to higher levels of sociosexuality and that men typically score higher than women in all Dark Triad traits. The article also states that these differences are subtle and only about as large as typical sex differences in the traits.

answer: The author states that go alongside shifts in sociological sexual measures are shifts in Dark Triad traits, particularly psychopathy. Results have been equated to di erences seen between men and women in Dark Triad traits and interest in casual sex. The study also found that bisexual women tend to score higher on measures of psychopathy than strictly heterosexual and lesbian women.

text: The first part of the response is incoherent and doesn't reflect what is in the passage. The phrase "The author states that go alongside shifts in sociological sexual measures" makes no sense. The second sentence also has a typo where the word "di erences" ought to be rewritten.

refinement: The author states that bisexual women score higher in sociosexuality and psychopathy can hererosexual women and lesbians. Results show that such women possess a higher level of Dark Triad traits (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) than women of other sexual orientations.

answer: The studies point to narcissism and extraversion as traits of the Dark Triad that correlate with higher sociosexual behavior.

text: The article did not state extraversion as a Dark Triad trait or that it correlates with higher sociosexual behavior.

refinement: The studies point to higher psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism (the Dark Triad traits) scores among bisexual women when compared with lesbians or heterosexual women.

answer: The article explains that Dark Triad traits are psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. The study suggests that bisexual women tend to score higher on measures of sociosexuality and psychopathy than strictly heterosexual and lesbian women. The study also mentions that Dark Triad traits are related to higher levels of sociosexuality.

answer: The studies point to narcissism and extraversion as traits of the Dark Triad that correlate with higher sociosexual behavior. Women who are not heterosexual are more likely to have these traits and more interested in casual sex.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about sociosexuality?

answer: Sociosexuality is the degree of comfort with, desire for, and engagement in uncommitted sexual activity. Women who are more comfortable with uncommitted sexual activity are more likely to engage in it. The relationship between sociosexuality and female sexual orientation is curvilinear.

answer: The study found that bisexual women tended to score higher on measures of sociosexuality and psychopathy than strictly heterosexual and lesbian women. The study utilized the Kinsey scale of sexual attraction, which ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual. In the very middle of the scale are individuals who are mostly heterosexual, equally heterosexual and homosexual, and mostly homosexual. The big-picture take away from the study is that sociosexuality shares a curvilinear (inverted-U) relationship with female sexual orientation.

text: There are one or two crucial details left out of the response.

refinement: Sociosexuality is when a person desire and is at ease with uncommitted sexual activity. Dr. Semenyna's study finds that sociosexuality shares a curvilinear (inverted-U) relationship with female sexual orientation, which is that bisexual people are much higher on the spectrum of sociosexuality than heterosexuals and lesbians.

answer: Sociosexuality is the degree of comfort with, desire for, and engagement in uncommitted sexual activity. Women who are more comfortable with uncommitted sexual activity are more likely to engage in it.

text: There is a piece of important information missing from the response.

refinement: Sociosexuality is the degree of comfort with, desire for, and engagement in uncommitted sexual activity. Women who are more comfortable with uncommitted sexual activity are more likely to engage in it. Dr. Semenyna's study finds that sociosexuality shares a curvilinear (inverted-U) relationship with female sexual orientation, which is that bisexual people are much higher on the spectrum of sociosexuality than heterosexuals and lesbians.

answer: Sociosexualitt is the level of a person's ease with, preference for and indulgence in sexual relationships.

answer: Both heterosexual and lesbian women do not differ in their relative caution towards uncommitted sexual activity.

answer: Sociosexuality is the level of comfort with, desire for, and engagement in casual sex. Bisexual women report greater sociosexuality than straight women. Heterosexual and lesbian women don't differ from one another in their relative caution towards casual sex. Moderate bisexual women are less cautious with casual sexual activity. The research concludes that this is because bisexual women share personality traits with men.

answer: Bisexual women report higher levels of sociosexuality than heterosexual or lesbian women. Lesbians and heterosexual women do not differ in terms of sociosexuality.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about how bisexual women compare to bisexual men?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
David Davis will tell business leaders in Austria that fears the Conservatives will plunge Britain into a “Mad Max-style world borrowed from dystopian fiction” after leaving the EU are unfounded.

The Brexit secretary will claim that Theresa May’s government wants to oversee a race to the top in global standards, listing workers’ rights, City regulation, animal welfare and the environment as areas for potential improvement.

In the latest speech in the government’s “road to Brexit” series, Davis will say: “We will continue our track record of meeting high standards after we leave the European Union. Now, I know that for one reason or another there are some people who have sought to question that these really are our intentions … these fears about a race to the bottom are based on nothing – not history, not intention nor interest.”

British officials highlighted a recent warning in a European commission presentation to member states relating to workplace safety standards that appeared to suggest UK workers could be at higher risk of cancer after Brexit.

One slide suggested that the UK might cut “levels of occupational safety and health” leading to “higher exposure to chemicals and carcinogens”, and that workers could have their consultation rights cut to reduce delays for collective dismissals.

Davis will use the speech to hit back at that suggestion, outlining UK hopes that “mutual recognition” of regulations will continue after Brexit.

He will add: “They fear that Brexit could lead to an Anglo-Saxon race to the bottom. With Britain plunged into a Mad Max-style world borrowed from dystopian fiction. These fears about a race to the bottom are based on nothing, not history, not intention, nor interest.”

The minister’s attempt to reassure critics of the process for leaving the EU follow comments from Damian Green, until recently the prime minister’s de facto deputy, that could ramp up tensions over Brexit within the Conservative party.

In a BBC Radio 4 documentary, he questioned the ability of some pro-Brexit colleagues to “accept evidence” of the economic risks of leaving the EU, and said the government ought to publish such analysis in full after it is produced.

“I do reject all the conspiracy theories that suggest there’s some sort of plot inside the official machine to thwart the will of the people,” added Green, after a row in parliament in which high-profile Tory MPs questioned the impartiality of civil servants.

Davis’s speech on standards sets out some of the key issues to be discussed by cabinet ministers at May’s Chequers away day on Thursday.

The team, which includes ardent Brexiters and others who campaigned to remain, are coalescing around the idea of a system in which Britain will argue in favour of aligning with the EU in some areas but immediately diverging in others.

Davis’s reassurances on continued high standards coincide with a report by the Institute for Public Policy Research that suggests minimal support for deregulation.

An IPPR/Opinium poll found that more than 60% of the public want to retain or tighten the rules on vehicle fuel emissions, rising to more than 70% for renewable energy targets, the working time directive and a cap on bankers’ bonuses, and more than 80% for consumer cancellation rights. Only a tiny proportion say they would be happy to relax or remove such conditions.

The report, which argues in favour of staying closer to the European model of trade rather than the US one, also warns that there are signs that the UK wants to deregulate.

It highlights: the fact that the EU largely sets minimum standards not maximum ones; that many senior figures have argued strongly in favour of deregulation; and that the UK may not have the resources to keep up with changes to EU regulations after Brexit so will converge “by accident rather than design”.

It also says that the UK, as a “mid-sized economy”, can only maximise its trading benefits by aligning to a larger bloc, with the EU or US being the obvious options.

Tom Kibasi, the director of the IPPR, said: “Our research shows there is no appetite for deregulation post-Brexit. Regulatory divergence is both anti-worker and anti-business, so it should be no surprise that the public don’t want it.

“Our proposal for the ‘shared market’, where Britain and the single market would be aligned and in a customs union, remains the best way to secure our economic interests while honouring the vote to leave.”

Government officials admitted that Davis’s call for “higher standards” did not mean there would be no deregulation, suggesting that Brexit would allow the UK to regulate in a different manner.

One senior EU diplomat said everyone wanted frictionless trade, and that it would arguably help if the UK adopted EU standards on a broad scale.

“But even with this, this will not alter the fact that there will be a border between us. And that there will be enforcement of such a border in terms of not only tariffs, but verification that the UK actually meets the standards they need to export into the EU,” he said, also listing checks for counterfeited goods or trafficking.

The international trade secretary, Liam Fox, will also stress the benefits of high standards in a speech to the manufacturing industry on Tuesday, calling UK-produced goods “a kitemark of quality, innovation and world-leading technological advances”.

Fox will tell business leaders at the EEF conference that there will be a “functioning trade regime on day one” after Brexit.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Damian Green?

answer: Damian Green was the Prime Minister's de facto deputy until recently, and he challenged the opinion of Brexiters that believed there will be no Brexit impact. Damian Green said pro-Brexit Conservatives are the one that question the true meaning of Brexit, and his defense of the will of the voters were only out of "party loyalty". There was no way that a skilled economist could accept the incredible expense of leaving the EU. He himself admitted that there is already evidence to support that the move will be harmful. The Prime Minister also made a comment where they are willing to publish the after-effects of Brexit in the general public.

answer: Damian Green is concerned that some of his colleagues might resist evidence of the economic risks of leaving the EU. Green says that there is no plot within the official machine to thwart the will of the people.

text: mention that he was the the prime minister’s de facto deputy

refinement: Damian Green,  until recently the prime minister’s de facto deputy, is concerned that some of his colleagues might resist evidence of the economic risks of leaving the EU. Green says that there is no plot within the official machine to thwart the will of the people.

answer: The text says that Damian Green believes that fears about a race to the bottom after Brexit are unfounded and that worries of deregulation are misplaced.

text: provide more details

refinement: Damian Green was the Prime Minister's de facto deputy until recently, and he challenged the opinion of Brexiters that believed there will be no Brexit impact. Damian Green said pro-Brexit Conservatives are the one that question the true meaning of Brexit, and his defense of the will of the voters were only out of "party loyalty". There was no way that a skilled economist could accept the incredible expense of leaving the EU. He himself admitted that there is already evidence to support that the move will be harmful. The Prime Minister also made a comment where they are willing to publish the after-effects of Brexit in the general public.

answer: Damian Green questioned their ability of some colleagues to "accept evidence" of the economic risks of leaving the EU. He said the government ought to publish such analysis in full after its production.

text: More details are needed.

refinement: Damian Green was the Prime Minister's de facto deputy until recently, and he challenged the opinion of Brexiters that believed there will be no Brexit impact. Damian Green said pro-Brexit Conservatives are the one that question the true meaning of Brexit, and his defense of the will of the voters were only out of "party loyalty". There was no way that a skilled economist could accept the incredible expense of leaving the EU. He himself admitted that there is already evidence to support that the move will be harmful. The Prime Minister also made a comment where they are willing to publish the after-effects of Brexit in the general public.

answer: Until recently, Damian Green was the prime minister's de facto deputy. In a recent documentary, Green questioned the ability of some pro-Brexit colleagues to "accept evidence" of the economic risks of leaving the EU, and argued that the government should publish such analysis in full after it is produced. He also rejected the conspiracy theories that suggest there is a plot within the government to subvert the will of the people.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Davis's upcoming speech?

answer: In his upcoming speech, David Davis will argue that fears of a "race to the bottom" after Brexit are unfounded. He will also state that high standards will be prioritized by the UK after Brexit.

text: Include mutual recognition of benefits and the general benefits.

refinement: In his upcoming speech, David Davis will cover the subject of Brexit on improving workers' rights, City regulation, animal welfare, and environmental standards in all. He will argue that fears of a "race to the bottom" after Brexit are unfounded and that Davis' warnings hopes that "mutual recognition" of regulations will continue after Brexit. He will also state that high standards will be prioritized by the UK after Brexit.

answer: Davis is set to tell business leaders in Austria that fears the Conservatives will plunge Britain into a Mad Max-style world are unfounded. Davis is insisting that the government's intentions are to maintain high standards. However, some complications have risen regarding the current state publicized in some talks of the government may lose the ability to keep up with changes to EU regulations after Britain became separated from the EC.

text: Mention the benefits under Brexit.

refinement: Davis is set to tell business leaders in Austria that fears the Conservatives will plunge Britain into a Mad Max-style world are unfounded. He will emphasize on improving workers' rights, City regulation, animal welfare, and environmental standards under Brexit. Davis is insisting that the government's intentions are to maintain high standards. However, some complications have risen regarding the current state publicized in some talks of the government may lose the ability to keep up with changes to EU regulations after Britain became separated from the EC.

answer: David Davis will outline the government's intentions for high standards in areas such as worker's rights, animal welfare, and the environment after Brexit. He will say that such fears of a "race to the bottom" are unfounded, citing UK goals for maintaining or even improving current levels of standards.

text: Mention about mutual recognition.

refinement: David Davis will outline the government's intentions for high standards in areas such as worker's rights, animal welfare, and the environment after Brexit. He will say that such fears of a "race to the bottom" are unfounded, citing UK goals for maintaining or even improving current levels of standards. Davis hopes that "mutual recognition" of regulations will continue after Brexit.

answer: In his speech, Davis plans to tell business leaders in Austria that the fears that Brexit will plunge Britain into a "Mad Max-style world borrowed from dystopian fiction" are unfounded. He will claim that Theresa May's government wants to oversee a race to the top in global standards, particularly in workers' rights, city regulation, animal welfare, and the environment.

text: Mention what Davis says about mutual recognition.

refinement: In his speech, Davis plans to tell business leaders in Austria that the fears that Brexit will plunge Britain into a "Mad Max-style world borrowed from dystopian fiction" are unfounded. He will claim that Theresa May's government wants to oversee a race to the top in global standards, particularly in workers' rights, city regulation, animal welfare, and the environment. Davis hopes that "mutual recognition" of regulations will continue after Brexit.

answer: The Brexit secretary, David Davis, is due to give a speech on the subject of Brexit on improving workers' rights, City regulation, animal welfare, and environmental standards in all. He claims that fears about a "race to the bottom" are baseless, and that Davis' warnings hopes that "mutual recognition" of regulations will continue after Brexit. His speech generally gives his version of the state of play after leaving the EU when it comes to regulations.


text:
[Arnold Pham]

[Image for post]

Welcome to the latest Lunyr development update! In this update we will be discussing our plans for NEBULA, the next milestone in the Lunyr project. Nebula (Q2, 2018), will introduce changes in the peer review and reward systems that will ultimately result in higher quality content and greater user retention.

The core of Lunyr has always been the peer review and reward system. However, in order to understand these systems, we have to recognize several important hypotheses that were validated during the Private Alpha and Open Beta :

1.

    Not all writers and peer reviewers are equally competent
2.

    Content quality increases with greater writing and peer reviewing competency
3.

    Users contribution increases with greater rewards

Understanding Writing Competency (WC) or Peer Review Competency (PRC) is critical to building a high quality knowledge base. Average Writing Competency and Average Peer Review Competency are closely correlated with content quality.

If five peer reviewers with low competency are matched together, then the resulting content will be low quality.

[Image for post]

However, when 5 peer reviewers with high competency are matched together, then the resulting content will be high quality.

[Image for post]

However, there is a sweet spot occurs when the average peer review competency is greater than a minimum threshold. The minimum threshold should be enough to enable a wider range of competencies while still ensuring a minimum standard of quality.

[Image for post]

In the Nebula Release, we will aim to raise the PRC through system upgrades

EDUCATION AND EXAM REQUIREMENTS

We’ll create best practices, guidelines, and competency tests to ensure that writers and peer reviewers have the knowledge required to perform at the highest competency level.

SMART PEER REVIEW MATCHMAKING SYSTEM

The future Peer Review System will more intelligently match peer reviewers together to exceed a minimum threshold of the Average Peer Review Competency.

RELEVANT CONTENT RANDOMIZATION

The random peer review selection will consider a peer reviewer’s interests and competence in a certain topic.

ASSISTED WRITING AND PEER REVIEW EXPERIENCE

The writing and peer review experience will be guided with interactive human-computer interaction. All the interactions where a Chief Editor would normally interact with a writer and/or peer reviewer to ensure that expectations are being met during the creative process are being replaced with our Assisted Technology. In the future, Machine Learning may be used to better fine-tune the experience to the individual needs of the writer or peer reviewer. This Assisted Writing and Peer Review Experience will occur in what we’re calling our Intelligent Editor 1.0 and Peer Review Guidance 1.0.

CONTENT VALIDATION

The Editor is getting an upgrade which will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, we will add pre-processing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

DEVELOPMENT RELEASES

SEARCH UPGRADE

We have upgraded the search on Lunyr. It is now 100x faster than before and predicts relevant search results.

UPCOMING MOBILE RELEASE

The dedicated mobile version of Lunyr will finally be released. We’re proud to showcase our progress so far!

Writers will be able to write in the mobile version. Previously, writing was only available on desktop.

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The Article Viewer features a minimalistic view that is easy to read.

[Image for post]

There will be a feed that allows writers and peer reviewers to stay updated with all the recent Lunyr events.

[Image for post]

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The Mobile User profile allows writers to show off their work in a beautiful view.

[Image for post]

Users can more easily check and transfer their Ethereum, LUN, and Points.

[Image for post]

Advertisers can stay updated with the progress of their campaigns.

[Image for post]

That’s all for today’s update! We look forward to building the future of knowledge sharing with the community.

Click here to get paid for writing and peer reviewing articles!

See also:

-

    Visit the Lunyr website
-

    Follow us on Twitter
-

    Join us on Reddit
-

    Join Lunyr-community on Discord
-

    Join us Telegram
-

    Check us out on Facebook
-

    Signup for the Lunyr newsletter
-

    Discuss on Bitcointalk.org

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the difference in the competence of peer reviewers?

answer: One of the important hypotheses has to do with writing competency and peer review competency. These competencies are important because they affect the quality of the content in Lunyr. The text says that when five peer reviewers of low competency are matched together, the resulting article will be low quality. When five peer reviewers of high competency are matched together, the article will be high quality. But there's a "sweet spot," represented by the area of intersection of higer competencies and lower competencies, an area where quality is maximized at its maximum. The sweet spot has a plurality of competencies. The sweet spot occurs when the average peer review competency is greater than a minimum threshold.

answer: Based on this page, the author makes a case that matching the peer reviewers based on their competence ensures better writing and review. Writers with peer reviewers of higher competence produce better quality writing as compared to writers matched with different peer reviewers that are not competent.

answer: The text states that there is a "sweet spot" where the average peer review competency must be greater than a certain threshold to ensure high quality content. The text also states that the Peer Review System will more intelligently match peer reviewers in order to ensure that they collectively have a higher average peer review competency. Therefore, the text says that peer reviewers need to be more competent in order to create better quality content.

text: In this response, it is important to note that not all writers and peer reviewers are equally competent.

refinement: The text states that there is a "sweet spot" where the average peer review competency must be greater than a certain threshold to ensure high quality content. The text also states that the Peer Review System will more intelligently match peer reviewers in order to ensure that they collectively have a higher average peer review competency. Matching like minded content reviewers can help create a strong minimum and maximum threshold.

answer: The competence of the peer reviewers greatly affects the quality of the content. Lunyr aims to have high-quality content, which can be achieved by having peer reviewers with high competency. Since levels of competence differ among peer reviewers, Lunyr plans to group together peer reviewers in a way that a minimum standard of quality is still achieved.

answer: The text indicates that competent peer reviewers contribute to higher quality content. The difference in competence between peer reviewers directly impacts the quality of content produced.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the editor?

answer: The text states that the editor is getting an upgrade that will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, it will add preprocessing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process. Consequently, the editor will ensure that content is of higher quality.

answer: The editor has received an upgrade that will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. The editor will also better match peer reviewers together.

text: The second part of this response is not true and needs to be edited; it does not say that the editor will also better match peer reviewers.

refinement: The editor has received an upgrade that will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. Pre-processing and post-processing steps will be added to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

answer: The Editor is getting an upgrade which will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, we will add pre-processing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

text: This response just needs to fix a small grammar issue of removing "we will" to "they will".

refinement: The Editor is getting an upgrade which will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, they will add pre-processing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

answer: The text says that in the future it will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, we will add pre-processing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

text: Small grammar change needs to be made, " we will" should be "they will".

refinement: The text says that in the future it will check to ensure that the writing requirements are being met. In the future, they will add pre-processing and post-processing steps to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

answer: In the new update, the job of the human Chief Editor, the one who interacts with writers and peer reviewers to ensure that the content is of high quality, will be replaced by an AI. The Assisted Technology consists of the Intelligent Editor 1.0 and Peer Review Guidance 1.0. The AI checks the output of the writers or peer reviewers to make sure that all requirements are met.

text: More information about the content of validation should be included in this response.

refinement: In the new update, the job of the human Chief Editor, the one who interacts with writers and peer reviewers to ensure that the content is of high quality, will be replaced by an AI. The Assisted Technology consists of the Intelligent Editor 1.0 and Peer Review Guidance 1.0. The AI checks the output of the writers or peer reviewers to make sure that all requirements are met. Additionally, with this upgrade, pre-processing and post-processing steps will be added to ensure that the content is processed to a higher quality along the content production process.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the development releases?

answer: The text mentions that there will be a mobile release for Lunyr and that the dedicated mobile version of Lunyr will have an improved search feature.

answer: Searching content on Lunyr is way faster now, and it gives more relevant search results. Lunyr's mobile app will also be available soon so that users can switch from PC to mobile.

answer: The text discusses several upcoming development releases including an improved search system, release of a dedicated mobile version of Lunyr and an upgrade to both the Editor and Peer Review Guidance.

text: The last half of this response is not true and should be omitted.

refinement: The text discusses several upcoming development releases including an improved search system and a release of a dedicated mobile version of Lunyr.

answer: The article has sections on Search Upgrade, upcoming mobile release, mobile user profile, content validation, assisted writing and peer review experience, and something called Intelligent Editor 1.0 and Peer Review Guidance 1.0. To go along with these, there's a search upgrade, a mobile version of Lunyr, and a mobile user profile.

text: This response includes extra information that is not critical to development releases. Much of this response needs to be omitted and re-written.

refinement: The development feature releases that are discussed ar a search upgrade, a mobile version of Lunyr, and a mobile user profile.

answer: In the update, Lunyr's search engine gets an upgrade that is 100x faster than before. In the next development release, Lunyr will release a dedicated mobile version. Readers will be able to write in mobile.


text:
WASHINGTON (AP) — Twelve Russian military intelligence officers hacked into the Clinton presidential campaign and the Democratic Party and released tens of thousands of private communications in a sweeping conspiracy by the Kremlin to meddle in the 2016 U.S. election, according to an indictment announced days before President Donald Trump’s summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The indictment represents special counsel Robert Mueller’s first charges against Russian government officials for interfering in American politics, an effort U.S. intelligence agencies say was aimed at helping the Trump campaign and harming his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton. The case follows a separate indictment that accused Russians of using social media to sow discord among American voters.

The 29-page indictment lays out how, months before Americans went to the polls, Russians schemed to break into key Democratic email accounts, including those belonging to Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta, the Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. Stolen emails, many politically damaging for Clinton, appeared on WikiLeaks in the campaign’s final stretch.

The charges say the Russian defendants, using a persona known as Guccifer 2.0, in August 2016 contacted a person in touch with the Trump campaign to offer help. And they say that on the same day Trump, in a speech, urged Russia to find Clinton’s missing emails, Russian hackers tried for the first time to break into email accounts used by her personal office.

Mueller did not allege that Trump campaign associates were involved in the hacking effort, that Americans were knowingly in touch with Russian intelligence officers or that any vote tallies were altered by hacking. The White House seized on those points in a statement that offered no condemnation of Russian election interference.

It was unclear whether the indictment might factor into Trump’s meeting with Putin on Monday.

Trump has repeatedly expressed skepticism about Russian involvement in the hacking while being accused by Democrats of cozying up to the Russian president. Trump complained about the Russia investigation hours before the indictment, saying the “stupidity” was making it “very hard to do something with Russia.”

The Kremlin, meanwhile, denied anew that it tried to sway the election. “The Russian state has never interfered and has no intention of interfering in the U.S. elections,” Putin’s foreign affairs adviser, Yuri Ushakov, said Friday.

The indictment identifies the defendants as officers with Russia’s Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, also known as GRU. If that link is established, it would shatter the Kremlin denials of the Russian state’s involvement in the U.S. elections, given that the GRU is part of the state machine.

The Russian defendants are not in custody, and it is not clear they will ever appear in American court, though the Justice Department has recently seen value in indicting foreign hackers in absentia as public deterrence.

The indictment accuses the Russian hackers, starting in March 2016, of covertly monitoring the computers of dozens of Democratic officials and volunteers, implanting malicious computer code known as malware to explore the networks and steal data, and sending phishing emails to gain access to accounts.

One attempt at interference came hours after Trump, in a July 27, 2016, speech, suggested Russians look for emails that Clinton said she had deleted from her tenure as secretary of state.

“Russia, if you’re listening,” Trump said, “I hope you’re able to find the 30,000 emails that are missing.”

That evening, the indictment says, the Russians attempted to break into email accounts used by Clinton’s personal office, along with 76 Clinton campaign email addresses.

By June 2016, the defendants, relying on fictional personas like DCLeaks and Guccifer 2.0, began planning the release of tens of thousands of stolen emails, the indictment alleges.

The Podesta emails published by WikiLeaks displayed the campaign’s private communications, including deliberations about messaging that played into attacks that Clinton was calculating and a political flip-flopper. Private speeches she gave to financial industry firms were particularly damaging within the left wing of the Democratic party and among independents frustrated with the influence of Wall Street in politics.

The indictment alleges that Guccifer 2.0 was in touch with multiple Americans in the summer of 2016 about the pilfered material, including an unidentified congressional candidate who requested and then received stolen information.

On Aug. 15, 2016, the indictment says, Guccifer 2.0 reached out to someone in contact with the Trump campaign and asked the person if they had seen anything “interesting in the docs I posted?” Guccifer 2.0 said it would be a “great pleasure” to help.

Prosecutors say weeks later, Guccifer 2.0 referred to a stolen DCCC document posted online and asked the person, “what do u think of the info on the turnout model for the democrats entire presidential campaign.” The person responded, ”(p)retty standard.”

The indictment doesn’t identify the person, though longtime Trump confidant Roger Stone acknowledged Friday, through his lawyer, a “24-word exchange with someone on Twitter claiming to be Guccifer 2.0.”

“This exchange is now entirely public and provides no evidence of collaboration or collusion with Guccifer 2.0 or anyone else in the alleged hacking of the DNC emails,” said lawyer Grant Smith.

In addition, someone at Wikileaks contacted Guccifer 2.0 before the Democratic National Convention asking for Clinton material, court papers show.

The charges come as Mueller continues to investigate potential coordination between Russia and the Trump campaign. Before Friday, 20 people and three companies had been charged in the investigation.

Defendants include four former Trump campaign and White House aides, three of whom have pleaded guilty and agreed to cooperate, and 13 Russians accused in a powerful social media campaign to sway U.S. public opinion in 2016.

Trump’s lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, said on Twitter that it was time to end the investigation since “no Americans are involved” in Friday’s indictment. But with Mueller still investigating, it’s not known whether further indictments are taking shape or will.

Meanwhile, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein called for a unified approach to countering foreign meddling.

“When we confront foreign interference in American elections, it is important for us to avoid thinking politically as Republicans or Democrats and instead to think patriotically as Americans,” he said. “Our response must not depend on who was victimized.”

___

Associated Press writers Darlene Superville, Richard Lardner, Desmond Butler and Mary Clare Jalonick in Washington and Raphael Satter in London contributed to this report.

__

More AP reporting on Russian hacking: https://www.apnews.com/tag/Russianhacking

question: What was the nature of the indictment announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin?

answer: It was an intelligence briefing in form of thousands of private email communications indicating that the Kremlin meddled in the 2016 US elections.

answer: The indictment was announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin. The indictment was announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin. The indictment was announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin. The indictment was announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin.

text: Endless repeats

refinement: It was an intelligence briefing in form of thousands of private email communications indicating that the Kremlin meddled in the 2016 US elections.

answer: The indictment announced days before President Donald Trump met with Russian President, Vladimir Putin, charged 12 Russian military intelligence officers with hacking into the Clinton presidential campaign and the Democratic Party.

answer: The indictment was against 12 Russian military intelligence officers for hacking into the Clinton presidential campaign and the Democratic Party.

question: What was the second indictment about?

answer: The second indictment was about Russian military intelligence officers hacking into the Clinton presidential campaign and the Democratic Party in order to influence the 2016 U.S. election.

answer: The second indictment was about the Russian government interfering in the 2016 U.S. election.

answer: The second indictment was about Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election.

answer: It accuses Russians of using social media to sow discord among American voters.

question: What was President Trump's attitude to the Russian revelation?

answer: Trump repeatedly expressed scepticism about Russian involvement.

answer: Trump has repeatedly expressed skepticism about Russian involvement in the hacking while being accused by Democrats of cozying up to the Russian president.

answer: President Trump has repeatedly expressed skepticism about Russian involvement in the hacking while being accused by Democrats of cozying up to the Russian president.

answer: According to the passage, President Trump has been skeptical of the Russian involvement in the hacking, but has not condemned it outright.

question: How many people and companies were charged in the Mueller probe?

answer: 20 people and three companies.

answer: 20 people and 3 companies have been charged in the Mueller probe.

answer: 20 people and three companies were charged in the Mueller probe.

answer: 20 people and 3 companies.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The indictment released by the special counsel Robert Mueller on Friday alleges that 12 Russian intelligence officers hacked into the Clinton presidential campaign and Democratic Party in order to influence the 2016 U.S. election.

answer: The indictment lays out how, months before Americans went to the polls, Russians schemed to break into key Democratic email accounts, including those belonging to Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta, the Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. Stolen emails, many politically damaging for Clinton, appeared on WikiLeaks in the campaign’s final stretch.

answer: The indictment lays out how, months before Americans went to the polls, Russians schemed to break into key Democratic email accounts, including those belonging to Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. The Russians were charged with hacking the emails and releasing them to WikiLeaks. The indictment does not allege that Trump campaign associates were involved in the hacking effort, that Americans were knowingly in touch with Russian intelligence officers, or that any vote tallies were altered by hacking.

answer:
A few days before President Trump's meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, it was revealed that 12 Russian men hacked into Clinton's Presidential campaign and leaked tens of thousands of private communications.

An indictment was brought forward with charges against the Russian government for meddling in the American election and aiding President Trump's campaign.

By the end of the Mueller probe, 20 people and three companies were found guilty and charged.


text:
This article includes a list of commercial recordings of the motets of Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach motets have often been recorded as a set (typically comprising the six motets catalogued as BWV225-230). However, other motets are attributed to Bach and there is some doubt about the authorship of _Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden_, BWV 230, one of the “six”.

A single CD has the capacity to contain the set of six motets plus some other works. For example, Maasaki Suzuki's 2009 recording with the Bach Collegium Japan on BIS includes _O Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht_, BWV 118 (which at one time was categorised as a cantata) and _Ich lasse dich nicht_, BWV Anh. 159 (the authorship of which has been disputed).[1] The motets chosen for a particular recording project can reflect the way the balance of opinion changes regarding the status of particular work: given Bach's status as one of the great composers, a firm attribution to him is likely to result in more interest in recording the piece in question. For example, was not included by John Eliot Gardiner and the Monteverdi Choir in their first set recorded in 1980. However, they included it in their 2011 recording,[2] by which time scholarly opinion had re-assessed the work.

Recordings have also been made of the less securely attributed and even spurious motets. For example, Wolfgang Helbich recorded _The Apocryphal Bach Motets_, sung by the Alsfelder Vokalensemble, in 1993 (released in 1994, re-issued 2014).[3][4]

Types of choirs

Choirs with one voice per part (OVPP) are used in some historically informed performances of Bach. However, OVPP recordings of the motets are in the minority. Exceptions include the Hilliard Ensemble's second set,[5] and Konrad Junghänel with the group Cantus Cölln.[6] Philippe Herreweghe's second set uses OVPP for some motets, for example _Jesus meine Freude_, and not others.[7]

At least some of the motets would have been first performed by singers from Leipzig's Thomanerchor, which comprises boys and young men. This choir has recorded the motets (initially under Günther Ramin in the 1950s),[8] as have other choirs with boys' voices such as the Choir of New College, Oxford.[9]

Instrumental accompaniment

Music directors need to make choices about the instrumental accompaniment, if any, to be used. There are three possible approaches:

-   _a cappella_, that is, without an accompaniment
-   instruments doubling the vocal lines, something which is described as playing _colla parte_
-   Basso continuo, or just an organ accompaniment, to provide some instrumental support for the singers

Surviving sources do not make it clear what Bach's approach was to the accompaniment of most of these pieces. In the case of _Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf_, BWV 226 orchestral parts are extant, indicating that choir I was doubled by strings and choir II by reeds (two oboes, taille and bassoon). There is also a basso continuo provided (separate violone and organ parts) which underlies both choirs.[10] An accompaniment is also specified for _Lobet den Herrn_.[11]

La Petite Bande and Bach Collegium Japan, for example, use the orchestration of _Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf_ for the other pieces for double choir. However, _a capella_ performance is long-established tradition,[12] which is also reflected in recordings. The Hilliard Ensemble's OVPP version is mainly _a capella_. They omit the instrumental parts of _Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf_, but sing _Lobet den Herrn_ to organ accompaniment.[13]

The recordings with continuo accompaniment include The Sixteen's version (the instruments are cello, violone, theorbo, organ) and the second recording by the Monteverdi Choir (cello, double bass, bassoon and organ).[14]

History

The first of the motets to be recorded was _Jesu meine Freude_ in 1927. This version was sung in English.[15]

Awards

In 2010, Suzuki and his ensemble were given a French award (Diapason d’Or de l’Année) and a German award (Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik) for their recording of Bach motets on BIS.

John Eliot Gardiner, who has won more Gramophone Awards than any other living artist, received one for his second recording of the motets with the Monteverdi Choir on SDG. It was one of the 2013 awards, the category being “Baroque Vocal”.

Grete Pedersen with the Norwegian choir Det Norske Solistkor won a Diapason d'Or in 2018 for their recording of the motets on BIS.

Discography

The intention has been to feature versions which are still available. The year given is that of recording. In the case of pre-1980s recordings, the date of reissue on CD can be significantly later than the original recording.

Notes

[1]

[2] _Bach: Motets_ and _Bach Motets_ at .

[3] _The Apocryphal Bach Motets: BWV Anh. 159–165_ at .

[4] The Sacred Apocryphal Bach (8 CD set) at ArkivMusic website.

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]  Accessed via JSTOR (subscription required)

[12] Emery, W. (1974). Bach in Practice. The Musical Times, 115(1578), 661-661. doi:10.2307/960490. Accessed via JSTOR (subscription required)

[13]

[14]

[15]

title: Motets by Johann Sebastian Bach, discography

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the three possible approaches that music directors need to make choices about the instrumental accompaniment?

answer: a cappella, instruments doubling the vocal lines, and basso continuo.

answer: a cappella, instruments doubling the vocal lines, and basso continuo or just an organ accompaniment.

answer: Without an accompaniment, instruments doubling the vocal lines, and basso continuo or just an organ accompaniment.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What other types of motets are there?

answer: There are other motets that are attributed to Bach but are in doubt. One of the six motets is in doubt.

text: The last sentence is not stated.

refinement: There are other motets that are attributed to Bach but are in doubt.

answer: There are other motets that are attributed to Bach but are in doubt.

answer: There are less securely attributed and even spurious motets that have been recorded.