text:
LOUISE MAGDALENE TEOWAINA WALLSCOTT (25 December 1898 – 17 February 1999) was a Māori activist, teacher and weaver.

Early life

Magda Wallscott was born at Pipikaretu Beach, Ōtākou, the daughter of Ema Karetai, Kāti Māmoe and Ngāi Tahu, and Frederick Wallscott, a professional soldier from Saxony, Germany.[1] Her great-grandfather was John Karetai, known as Chief Karetai, one of the signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.[2][3] Karetai's mere pounamu _Kahutai_ was passed through the family to Wallscott, who then loaned it to Otago Museum in the 1970s where museum kaitiaki continue to guide its care.[4]

Wallscott attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch, and then in 1918 entered Christchurch Training College and boarded at Bishopscourt Hostel until 1921. Wallscott was taught to weave flax in Taieri by her aunt Ripeka Martin (formerly Karetai).[5] For several years, she taught at small schools in Stewart Island, Bluff, Wyndham, Clifton, Invercargill and Dunedin.[6]

From 1944-1948 Wallscott taught at the Ōtākou Native School, and during this time she began an active role at the Ōtākou Marae which continued for 30 years. Although Wallscott never married or had children, she raised a whāngai, her niece Iri Wallscott.[7] After retiring from teaching in 1953, Wallscott began a new career in community service that she maintained into her 90s.[8]

Māori Women's Welfare League

Wallscott was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League, and was the Ōtepoti Representative of the league for many years.[9][10] Other Ōtepoti branch members included Victoria Potiki, Taka Moss, Rumatiki Wright and Jean Robinson.[11] Wallscott made significant contributions to the league over many years.[12] She relished the achievements of the Ōtepoti branch – “We have made our voice heard ... we are listened to ... we have just simply been so sincere that people have taken notice of us.”[13] In 1968, Wallscott accepted the McEwen trophy on behalf of the Te Waipounamu branch of the Māori Women's Welfare League, awarded to the area showing the greatest yearly increase in membership.[14]

Other community work

-   Foundation member of the Āraiteuru Cultural Club and helped establish its marae in Dunedin
-   Ōtākou Marae (secretary)
-   Ōtākou Māori Committee
-   Ōtākou Māori Executive
-   Te Wai Pounamu District Council
-   Māori Mission Committee
-   Dunedin Branch of National Council of Women
-   Old Peoples' Welfare Council
-   Board of Directors of YWCA
-   In 1960 she became the first Māori women in Dunedin to be a Justice of the Peace.[15]
-   In the 1980s Wallscott helped lead opposition to the Aramoana aluminum smelter.[16]

Notable achievements

-   In 1976, Wallscott was awarded the Queens Service Medal in the Queen's Birthday honours list for services to the community.[17]
-   Wallscott was chosen as one of five people to accompany _Te Maori_ exhibition to San Francisco and attend the opening ceremonies in 1984.[18]
-   In 1990 Wallscott received an award from the Māori and South Pacific Arts Council for her contribution to weaving.[19]

Death and legacy

During the early 1990s, Wallscott contributed audio recordings of her local place names to _Ngā Ingoa o Aotearoa: An Oral Dictionary of Māori Placenames._[20] In 1999, she donated many of her personal papers and archives to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection.[21] These included letters from friends and family, papers relating to land issues, the Māori Women's Welfare League, appointment diaries, notebooks, music and songs.[22]

Wallscott passed away on 17 February 1999, two months after her 100th birthday[23] At the time of her death, Wallscott was the oldest surviving member on Ngāi Tahu's tribal roll.[24][25]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]  Items {{!}} National Library of New Zealand {{!}} National Library of New Zealand|language=English|access-date=2020-04-05}}

[11]

[12]  NZHistory, New Zealand history online|website=nzhistory.govt.nz|access-date=2020-04-05}}

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

title: Magda Wallscott

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the conditions into which Magda Wallscott was born and grew up.

answer: Wallscott was born into a Māori family including Native American, Caucasian, and Polynesian ancestry. Her father was a professional soldier from Saxony, Germany, and her great-grandfather was John Karetai, a Māori signatory of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Throughout her life, Wallscott retained an active role in organizations made for Māori advancement, including the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Māori Committee. She did not marry or have children, but she raised her niece as a second daughter, Iri Wallscott, who became a famed New Zealand dancer.

text: Wallscott's Maori advancement efforts aren't relevant to the question.

refinement: Wallscott was born into a Māori family including Native American, Caucasian, and Polynesian ancestry. Her father was a professional soldier from Saxony, Germany, and her great-grandfather was John Karetai, a Māori signatory of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.

text: The answer omits Wallscott's education.

refinement: Wallscott was born into a Māori family including Native American, Caucasian, and Polynesian ancestry. Her father was a professional soldier from Saxony, Germany, and her great-grandfather was John Karetai, a Māori signatory of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. She went to the Māori Girls' College in Christchurch and Christchurch Training College. She was thought to weave flax by her aunt.

answer: Wallscott was born in 1898 at Pipikaretu Beach, Ōtākou. Her father was a Saxon soldier, and her great-grandfather was one of the signers of the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College and later attended Christchurch Training College. For several years she taught at schools on Stewart Island, Bluff, Wyndham, Clifton and Invercargill. From 1944-1948, she taught at Ōtākou Native School, where she maintained an active role on the Ōtākou Marae. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League, and made significant contributions to the league. Other notable achievements during her life include receiving the Queen's Service Medal in 1976 and receiving an award from the Māori and South Pacific Arts Council for her contribution to weaving. Wallscott passed away in 1999 at the age of 100.

text: Everything after Wallscott's college education is irrelevant.

refinement: Wallscott was born in 1898 at Pipikaretu Beach, Ōtākou. Her father was a Saxon soldier, and her great-grandfather was one of the signers of the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College and later attended Christchurch Training College.

answer: Magda Wallscott was born into a Māori family in 1898. She attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch, and then went on to teach at schools on the South Island. After retiring from teaching in 1953, Wallscott pursued community service. She achieved many notable achievements, such as being awarded the Queens Service Medal and being chosen to accompany the Te Maori exhibition to San Francisco.

text: Everything after Wallscott's education is irrelevant.

refinement: Magda Wallscott was born into a Māori family in 1898. She attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch.

text: The answer omits part of Wallscott's education.

refinement: Magda Wallscott was born into a Māori family in 1898. She attended Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch. She then attended the Christchurch Training College. She learned how to weave flax from her aunt.

answer: She was born in New Zealand in an indigenous iwi to a Native mother and a German father. Her great-grandfather had been Chief Karetai, one of the people who signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott grew up in an amalgamation of cultures; she attended college in Christchurch and also learned how to weave flax in Taieri. After teacher's college, Magda taught at small schools, one of which was the Otakou Native School-the same village in which she began and held an active roll at Otakou Marae for 30 years. Magda was a woman who lived and served in both cultures and primarily worked then as an activist in interests close to her heart and her roots.

text: The part after Wallscott's education is irrelevant.

refinement: She was born in New Zealand in an indigenous iwi to a Native mother and a German father. Her great-grandfather had been Chief Karetai, one of the people who signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott grew up in an amalgamation of cultures; she attended college in Christchurch and also learned how to weave flax in Taieri.

text: The answer omits one of the colleges Wallscott went to.

refinement: She was born in New Zealand in an indigenous iwi to a Native mother and a German father. Her great-grandfather had been Chief Karetai, one of the people who signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott grew up in an amalgamation of cultures; she attended two colleges in Christchurch and also learned how to weave flax in Taieri.

text: "in an indigenous iwi" is nonsensical

refinement: She was born in New Zealand to a Native mother and a German father. Her great-grandfather had been Chief Karetai, one of the people who signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Wallscott grew up in an amalgamation of cultures; she attended two colleges in Christchurch and also learned how to weave flax in Taieri.

answer: She was born in 1898 in the Pipikaretu beach and the daughter of the Māori couple Ema Karetai and Frederick Wallscott. Her family name is important, because her great grandfather was John Karetai, one of the signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi. He bequeathed his mere pounamu and Kaitai passed it to Wallscott who loaned it to the Otago Museum.

text: Wallscott's museum donations are irrelevant.

refinement: She was born in 1898 in the Pipikaretu beach and the daughter of the Māori couple Ema Karetai and Frederick Wallscott. Her family name is important, because her great grandfather was John Karetai, one of the signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi.

text: The answer omits Wallscott's education.

refinement: She was born in 1898 in the Pipikaretu beach and the daughter of the Māori couple Ema Karetai and Frederick Wallscott. Her family name is important, because her great grandfather was John Karetai, one of the signatories of the Treaty of Waitangi. She attended Māori Girls' College in Christchurch and Christchurch Training College. She learned how to weave flax from her aunt.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Wallscott's legacy.

answer: A British Queen's Service Medal, a Maori chant and an oral dictionary of Maori placenames. Likely other tributes from members of the community she helped to get on their feet.

text: The answer doesn't include anything about a chant.

refinement: A British Queen's Service Medal and an oral dictionary of Maori placenames. Likely other tributes from members of the community she helped to get on their feet.

text: The medal and oral dictionary are factually correct, relevant bits. However, they should be talked about in a proper sentence.

refinement: Wallscott received a British Queen's Service Medal and created an oral dictionary of Maori placenames. Likely other tributes from members of the community she helped to get on their feet.

text: "Likely other tributes from members of the community she helped to get on their feet." This sentence is too vague to be useful. The answer can mention the community work Wallscott did.

refinement: Wallscott received a British Queen's Service Medal and created an oral dictionary of Maori placenames. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club.

text: The answer should mention Wallscott being the first women Justice of the Peace and the donations she made.

refinement: Wallscott received a British Queen's Service Medal and created an oral dictionary of Maori placenames. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club. She was the first Maori women Justice of the Peace in Dunedin. Wallscott donated a lot of personal papers and archives to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection as well.

answer: She was a teacher and an activist, but her most tangible gift to the world was perhaps her linguistic imparting of her native language. She gave her audio recordings of the native names of local places to Nga Ingoa o Aotearoa: An Oral Dictionary of Maori Placenames. She donated many of her letters and diaries to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection.

text: The answer omits the communities founded by Wallscott.

refinement: She was a teacher and an activist, but her most tangible gift to the world was perhaps her linguistic imparting of her native language. She gave her audio recordings of the native names of local places to Nga Ingoa o Aotearoa: An Oral Dictionary of Maori Placenames. She donated many of her letters and diaries to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club.

text: The answer omits Wallscott being the first Maori woman to be a Justice of the Peace in Dunedin

refinement: She was a teacher and an activist, but her most tangible gift to the world was perhaps her linguistic imparting of her native language. She gave her audio recordings of the native names of local places to Nga Ingoa o Aotearoa: An Oral Dictionary of Maori Placenames. She donated many of her letters and diaries to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club. She was the first Maori woman to be a Justice of the Peace in Dunedin.

answer: Magda Wallscott made significant contributions to the community, especially the Māori Women Welfare League, and became the first Māori person in Dunedin to be made a Justice of the Peace. She also was involved in many organizations and projects and has donated her personal papers after her death to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection. Her legacy is primarily as a community activist.

text: The answer omits the communities founded by Wallscott.

refinement: Magda Wallscott made significant contributions to the community, especially the Māori Women Welfare League, and became the first Māori person in Dunedin to be made a Justice of the Peace. She also was involved in many organizations and projects and has donated her personal papers after her death to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection. Her legacy is primarily as a community activist. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club.

text: The answer omits the oral dictionary Wallscott helped create.

refinement: Magda Wallscott made significant contributions to the community, especially the Māori Women Welfare League, and became the first Māori person in Dunedin to be made a Justice of the Peace. She also was involved in many organizations and projects and has donated her personal papers after her death to the Hocken Manuscripts and Archives Collection. Her legacy is primarily as a community activist. She was the founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and the Āraiteuru Cultural Club. Finally, Wallscott contributed audio recordings of her local placenames to Ngā Ingoa o Aotearoa: An Oral Dictionary of Māori Placenames.

answer: Magda Wallscott is a well-respected Māori activist and activist, teacher, and weaver. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League, and was on their Ōtepoti branch. She worked tirelessly for the community, serving on many committees and councils before her death in 1999. Wallscott's legacy is as an important community advocate.

text: "Activist" is repeated twice.

refinement: Magda Wallscott is a well-respected Māori activist, teacher, and weaver. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League, and was on their Ōtepoti branch. She worked tirelessly for the community, serving on many committees and councils before her death in 1999. Wallscott's legacy is as an important community advocate.

text: The answer omits the oral dictionary Wallscott helped create and the donations of personal letters and archives.

refinement: Magda Wallscott is a well-respected Māori activist, teacher, and weaver. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League, and was on their Ōtepoti branch. She worked tirelessly for the community, serving on many committees and councils before her death in 1999. Wallscott's legacy is as an important community advocate. She helped create an oral dictionary of placenames by contributing audio recordings of her local placenames and donated lots of personal papers and archives.

text: The answer omits that Wallscott was a founding member of Āraiteuru Cultural Club.

refinement: Magda Wallscott is a well-respected Māori activist, teacher, and weaver. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and was on their Ōtepoti branch in addition to being a foundation member of Āraiteuru Cultural Club. She worked tirelessly for the community, serving on many committees and councils before her death in 1999. Wallscott's legacy is as an important community advocate. She helped create an oral dictionary of placenames by contributing audio recordings of her local placenames and donated lots of personal papers and archives.

text: The answer omits Wallscott being the first Maori woman Justice of the Peace.

refinement: Magda Wallscott is a well-respected Māori activist, teacher, and weaver. She was a founding member of the Māori Women's Welfare League and was on their Ōtepoti branch in addition to being a foundation member of Āraiteuru Cultural Club. She worked tirelessly for the community, serving on many committees and councils before her death in 1999. Wallscott's legacy is as an important community advocate. She helped create an oral dictionary of placenames by contributing audio recordings of her local placenames and donated lots of personal papers and archives. She was also the first Maori woman to be the Justice of the Peace in Dunedin.

answer: She donated many of her personal papers and archives to the Hocken Manuscripts Collection at the time of her death.


split: test

text:
You are less than the wind. You are not the air, but those things carried on it. You are gentle words and the fragrance of honeysuckle. You are not that quiet breeze, but those light bits of hair that it ruffles at its passing and those gentle chills that it carries in the ripeness of fall. You are those things carried amongst the bitten mountains worn down by your medium over the passage of years and years and years and years. You are the stillness of the water in this quiet lake and the hymns of the procession slowly approaching the lake over those worn mountain paths. They sing and you follow.

They are a group of not more than twenty large. They are a mix of men and women where the mix tends to fare the fairer sex and those masculine do walk emasculated with trodding steps and uncertain footing. You are the dust kicked up by the feet of these hollow men, a minority amongst those surefooted ewes. You are also the delicate steps of the child, alone amongst adults. You are also the breeze amongst his light hair and the silence at his lips. You are not the shallowness of his gaze or the timidity of his posture. You do know, though, that this one has not had enough years to be weathered as his companions are, their souls as worn as the mountains they cross.

You are the bellows of the man-mountain leading them. You are the difference in the weight of his garments compared to the others. You are not the yellow dye that provides this greater weight, but the wind that gently whips it as they approach the water. You are his words and the songs he leads his congregation in. You are not his smile or its crude comparison with the vacant expressions of his masculine peers, the gentle effeminacy of the women, or the indifference of that golden child. You are his words when he says,

“This is truly a glorious day!”

You are his words when he says,

“Today we truly bask in the radiance of the Lord!”

You are the gentle decline in pitch as footsteps amongst leaves change to those in sand and gravel. You are the difference when the sound of movement changes to sounds of silence save the proselytizing of that mountain of a man. You are his lungs and those ragged chords when he speaks,

“Come my child and let you join the kingdom of the lord!”

You are not the silence in the child’s footsteps, but you are the dissonance between the child’s graceful procession into the water and the preacher’s entrance, more akin to a battleship being put to port than a man of god sloshing to a small sandbank less than fifteen feet from the water’s edge. You are the hymns sung by the procession as the man and child walk out, but you are not the grating words and eldritch vocabulary they use. You are just the words, not their purpose or their strange vocalizations.

You are his words when the priest lays his hand on the child’s head and the mid of his back and calls out,

“Do you wish to see the promise land?”

You are not the child’s response even though it is pronounced and articulated with a certainty greater than the child’s years. You don’t even wish to carry those weary words of disagreement. You are not the unfocused gaze as the priest ignores those words you never carried. You are the sounds of submersion. You are never that gasp of air upon rising from those cold depths. You are simply the solitude of this terrible scene; the quiet, the thrashing at the waters edge, and a wind that roars through the trees like a cry of injustice and pain amongst the leaves. You are less than the wind.

edit: formatting cleanup

meta-edit: apparently I use the word "amongst" too much

title: You are Less than the Wind [MF]

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the story’s climax.

answer: The story’s climax is when the preacher calls out to the child and asks if they wish to see the promise land. The child says no and the preacher ignores the child. The child is drowned.

text: The priest and the child's interaction is misrepresented.

refinement: The story’s climax is when the preacher calls out to the child and asks if they wish to see the promise land. The child answers with certainty.

answer: The priest lays his hand on the child’s head and the middle of his back and calls out, “Do you wish to see the promise land?” The child’s response is pronounced and articulated with a certainty greater than the child’s years. The priest ignores the child’s words and the child is submerged.

answer: The story’s climax is when the preacher calls out to the child and asks if they wish to see the promise land. The child says no and the preacher ignores the child. The child then goes to the water and is drowned.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What happens to the child?

answer: The child is drowned.

text: The story implies submersion and getting out of the water for a gasp of breath. We don't know if that's the child, but even if so, no one drowned.

refinement: The child may have been submerged and rose from the water for a gasp of breath. This is somewhat implied.

answer: The child is drowned in the lake.

answer: It's not clear, it seems like it drowns.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What imagery is prominent in the story?

answer: The text is full of water and wind imagery, presenting the entire story as though it issubmerged in the water.

text: It's a nonsensical statement to say the story is told as though "it is submerged in the water."

refinement: The text is full of water and wind imagery.

answer: Water, wind, and hymns.

answer: The text is full of water imagery, presenting the entire story as though it issubmerged in the water.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the child's motivation?

answer: the child seems to be alone amongst adults.

text: The child seems to be baptized, which the answer misrepresents.

refinement: It seems like the child is being baptized.

answer: The child is being baptized.

answer: the child seems to be pushed by members of his congregation.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the man's wife?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
CARROLL F. WALES[1][2] (September 15, 1917 – May 6, 2007) was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe and the United States. A fine arts major at Harvard College, he received an art conservation degree from the Fogg Art Museum. Wales graduated in 1949 and went on to restore important mosaics and frescoes at prominent museums and religious sites around the world. In addition to these projects, he became co-proprietor with Constantine Tsaousis of Oliver Brothers, an art restoration firm in Boston, Massachusetts.

Notable restoration projects

Carroll Wales[3] has restored and conserved numerous artworks by some of the world's most famous artists, including Annibale Carracci, John Singleton Copley, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Gilbert Stuart, Rembrandt Van Rijn and others.

From 1957-1959, Wales accompanied archaeologist Max Mallowan and his wife, Agatha Christie, to Nimrud, Iraq to work on conservation of ivories.[4] During this time, he also worked with the Byzantine Institute, an organization whose mission was excavating and restoring mosaics, icons, and frescoes in the Middle East. Wales worked at the Kariye Camii and in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.[5] During this time, Wales also assembled one of the most comprehensive Byzantine coin collections in the world.[6]

In 1960, Wales joined an expedition to do restoration work in the Monastery of St. Catherine in Mt. Sinai, Egypt,[7] and in the following years made several trips to work on Icons at monasteries on Mount Athos, in Greece.

After the devastating flooding in Italy in 1963, Wales helped save damaged artwork in Florence.He joined an international group of art restorers in 1966, to help save priceless works of art damaged during floods in Florence, Italy.[8][9] Later, he did restoration work on the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family in Tarragona, Spain and in the United States.

In 1977, Wales worked on murals by Arshile Gorky, an artist New York (magazine) described as one of the “founders of postwar New York abstract painting.” He spent over a year restoring the wall murals from the Newark Airport, which had been painted over with fifteen coats of wall enamel. The murals now hang in the Newark Museum.[10]

Notable Collections

EARLY CHRISTIAN OBJECTS - a collection of jewelry, sculpture, bronzes, pottery, and fine oil lamps.[11] The most important part of the collection is its bronze enkolpias-early pendants expressing Orthodox Christian faith.

BYZANTINE COIN COLLECTION - one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind, consisting of many important gold and silver coins. The highlight of the collection is its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Paul A. Underwood; Lawrence J. Majewski, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 14, (1960), pp. 205-222 Notes on the Work of the Byzantine Institute in Istanbul: 1957-1959; The Conservation of a Byzantine Fresco Discovered at Etyemez, Istanbul, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University

[6] Coins and Medals including Renaissance and Later Medals from the Collection of Dr Charles Avery and Byzantine Coins from the Estate of Carroll F. Wales, Sotheby’s London, 12 June 2008, auction records.

[7] Directory of Materials and Services, Bulletin of the American Group. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Nov., 1960), pp. 7-9. The American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works

[8] _“The Terrible Plight of the Renaissance Land”,_ Life Magazine_, Dec. 16, 1966._

[9] The Terrible Plight of the Renaissance Land|last=Life Magazine|date=16 December 1966|website=Google Books|url-status=live|access-date=15 November 2019}}

[10] Arshile Gorky Flies Again, Thomas B. Hess, New York Magazine, Sept. 12, 1977.

[11] Christian Objects Important Single Collection of Early Christian Objects, Fragments of Time, Inc., November 28, 2008 auction catalog

[12]

title: Carroll Snow Wales

question: What is a notable building Carroll Snow Wales did restoration work for?

answer: The Monastery of St. Catherine in Mt. Sinai, Egypt

text: "In 1960, Wales joined an expedition to do restoration work in the Monastery of St. Catherine in Mt. Sinai, Egypt."

answer: The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey

text: "Wales worked at the Kariye Camii and in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey."

answer: Carroll Snow Wales is known for his restoration work on the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.

text: "Wales worked at the Kariye Camii and in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey."

answer: The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey

text: "Wales worked at the Kariye Camii and in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey."

question: What type of art did Carroll Snow Wales specialize in?

answer: Christian Byzantine art

text: Wales specialized in conserving early Christian Byzantine art.

refinement: Conserving early Christian Byzantine art.

answer: He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art.

answer: Carroll Snow Wales specialized in art conservation, specifically in the restoration of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals.

text: Wales specifically specialized in conserving early Christian Byzantine art. "He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art."

refinement: Carroll Snow Wales specialized in Christian Byzantine art conservation, specifically in the restoration of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals.

answer: Carroll Snow Wales specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art.

question: Where was Carroll Snow Wales born?

answer: That information can't be found.

answer: The passage does not provide this information.

answer: Carroll Snow Wales was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

text: This is false, and the answer can't be found in the article.

refinement: That information can't be found in the article.

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Describe the Byzantine Coin Collection.

answer: It is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind. It consists of gold and silver coins, including more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

answer: The Byzantine Coin Collection consists of many important gold and silver coins, with the highlight being its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

text: It's omitted that the collection is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind.

refinement: The Byzantine Coin Collection is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind, and consists of many important gold and silver coins, with the highlight being its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

answer: The Byzantine Coin Collection is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind, consisting of many important gold and silver coins. The highlight of the collection is its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

answer: The collection is one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind, consisting of many important gold and silver coins. The highlight of the collection is its more than 5,000 bronze pieces.

question: Who was Arshile Gorky?

answer: An artist whom New York magazine described as one of the "founders of postwar New York abstract painting."

answer: Arshile Gorky was an artist who was responsible for some of the murals in the Newark Airport.

text: It's omitted that New York magazine described him as one of the “founders of postwar New York abstract painting.”

refinement: Arshile Gorky was an artist who was responsible for some of the murals in the Newark Airport, and was described by New York magazine as one of the "founders of postwar New York abstract painting".

answer: An artist New York (magazine) described as one of the “founders of postwar New York abstract painting.”

answer: Arshile Gorky was an artist who was born in Armenia and moved to the United States in 1922.

text: Where he was born and when he moved to the U.S. can't be found in the text.

refinement: Arshile Gorky was an artist who was born in Armenia and moved to the United States in 1922.

text: It's omitted that Gorky was described by New York magazine as one of the "founders of postwar New York abstract painting."

refinement: Arshile Gorky was an artist who was born in Armenia and moved to the United States in 1922. He was described as one of the "founders of postwar New York abstract painting."

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Carroll Snow Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in early Christian Byzantine art. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medeival art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.

text: When Wales existed is omitted.

refinement: Carroll Snow Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 to 2007. He specialized in early Christian Byzantine art. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medeival art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.

text: "medeival" is spelled wrong.

refinement: Carroll Snow Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 to 2007. He specialized in early Christian Byzantine art. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.

answer: Carroll F. Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States. He received an art conservation degree from the Fogg Art Museum.

text: When Wale existed is omitted.

refinement: Carroll F. Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 until 2007. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States.

text: It's more important to list some of Wales' important works than mention his degree.

refinement: Carroll F. Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 until 2007. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe, and the United States. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.

answer: Carroll Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe and the United States.

text: When Wales existed is omitted.

refinement: Carroll Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 to 2007. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe and the United States.

text: This is only two sentences instead of three. Include some of Wales' important works.

refinement: Carroll Wales was an art restorer and conservator of paintings, icons, frescoes, and murals who lived from 1917 to 2007. He specialized in the conservation of early Christian Byzantine art and worked on restoration projects in the Middle East, Europe and the United States. His restoration work includes the Monastery of St. Catherina, the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family, and murals by Arshile Gorky.

answer: Carroll Wales was an art conservator who specialized in restoring early Christian Byzantine art. He worked on projects in various parts of the world, including in Istanbul, Turkey and on Mount Athos in Greece. He also assembled a large collection of Byzantine coins.

text: When Wales existed is omitted.

refinement: Carroll Wales was an art conservator who specialized in restoring early Christian Byzantine art who lived from 1917 until 2007. He worked on projects in various parts of the world, including in Istanbul, Turkey and on Mount Athos in Greece. He also assembled a large collection of Byzantine coins.


text:
Dawn of Darkness
Dark clouds blocked out the sun. Thunder rolled and boomed, as lightning lit up the skies. Below, the salty waves tossed and tumbled, growing larger as the wind whipped and raged from the north. The rain came down in torrents, pelting the deck of the wooden ship, and soaking the wood. The first mate barked out orders to the crew who busied themselves to carry those orders out. The sails were taken in, so as to not be blown off course. The idea was to wait out the storm, as the waves weren’t so bad that they needed to get out of danger. Near the bow, on top deck, a woman cloaked in a silver robe stood by a man who was robbed in royal purple. Both had crowns fastened to their heads. Soldiers stood by, on edge from the storm, but otherwise relaxed. The man smiled down at his wife and looked to the small bundle of joy she held in her arms. A small child, nearly a year old, rested against her mother’s breast. She had dark, nearly obsidian black hair. Her emerald green eyes were closed now, resting while the storm raged on around them. Her little fingers curled tightly around her mother’s necklace. Their calm was shattered by the sound of lightning as it hit the main mast. The following boom of thunder was loud enough to wake the dead. Deckhands scrambled as they tried to put out the fire that was quickly spreading, but another bolt of lighting struck the ship near the stern, and soon they understood their battle with the flames was a lost cause. The captain readied the life boats, and had the king and queen begin to board. A large wave crashed into the side of the ship and the queen and her child were sent flying over the side. The life boat was lowered down into the unforgiving seas. The queen tried to stay close to the boat, but between holding her child’s head above the waves and the weight of her attire, she was quickly losing strength. She felt something brush up against her. The queen was so tired at this point, her arm holding her child threatened to release her. She saw the life boat coming for her, she knew she would be safe soon. But her child.. Suddenly she felt her child being taken from her arms, as if the water itself was wishing her to drop the child. She screamed up at the skies to whatever god might be listening.

“Save my baby, please! Save my Allene!”

Something came up from the waves, a sleek head, covered in scales, long like a horse’s. two horns upon the top of it’s head that looked like blackened icicles, Nearly glowing blue orbs seemed to bring the queen into a state of shock. This was a water dragon. Feared for their ever-changing moods, and loved for their kindness. The desperate mother, without a thought, handed her child up to the dragon, who took it in it’s maw gently. But as the life boats came closer, the dragon’s eyes became a glare. There was a man raging in the small life boat, he was screaming out of fear, and waved a sword in the air. The dragon gave a deep growl and sunk below the waves.

The queen screamed in horror as she watched her baby disappear beneath the black waves, her strength gave out and she began to sink, hoping to join her child in a watery grave. Large hands pulled at her soaked body before she could embrace the darkness that surrounded her and she was pulled into the chaos of life. She sobbed openly as her king held her, the dread and hatred in his eyes was enough to keep the crew silent while they worked on getting everyone safely to shore. The closest line of safety being Conach Moore, an island that held many mountains. On the eastern side there was a small village that would be able to help them get home to Riochtdome.

Beneath the unforgiving waves, in the calm depths of the ocean, the water dragon still carried the young child in it’s maw, a protective barrier surrounded it so that water did not enter the child’s lungs. The dragon had sensed darkness in the King’s heart and sought to save both the mother and the child, but when she had looked for the mother, the king was already pulling her with him. With a heavy heart she took the child to her home, Farlig Dyre. It was a rather large island, filled with forests, mountains, rivers, and plains. It was a beautiful land where Humans dared not tread, and Dragons lived peacefully. She swam up to the edge of the massive cliff that served as a shoreline, digging her claws into the rough earth as she hauled her long, lithe body up the mountainous wall. Her deep blue scales dripped water and left a wet trail as she climbed over the wall and onto the soft lush grass of the northern forest. She placed the now awake, and yet peaceful child, onto the ground. She held her massive head to the sky and beckoned her elders with a roar. As she waited for the sounds of familiar wings beating against the wind, she gathered a few logs and used her claw to dig a small, shallow hole She placed the logs inside and lit a fire with her maw. Her fire was blue, but unlike most fires, it wasn’t as hot as it should be. It was warm, like a sunny day rather than a bursting inferno. She placed the child near the edge of it so as to keep it warm, spreading one of her small wings over her so as to keep her dry. She curled herself up around the child the mother had called Allene, and looked to the skies, awaiting the judgment of her elders.

title: [FN]Dawn of Darkness: The Beginning

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Explain the climax of the story.

answer: The climax of the story is when the water dragon rescues Allene, the child in the story, after her mother falls into the ocean during a storm. Allene is placed near the dragon's fire, which she uses to keep the child warm. The dragon's elders come to judge the situation and make decisions for the future of the child.

answer: The climax takes place during a storm, when the queen is flying in the air and utters words for help that are heard by a dragon, who dives into the water to rescue the queen and her child, who the king took from the queen by mistake.

answer: A baby girl is rescued from a life boat during a storm. She is about a year old, and wrapped tightly in blankets. Next, a dragon sees her and comes to her aid. The dragon brings the baby to its home on Farlig Dyre island.

answer: The climax is when the mother throws her child overboard and the water dragon saves her, only to be confronted by the king who then takes the queen from the dragon. While the dragon protects the child from the cold, she calls for her elders who come to take the child to safety on top of a cliff. Once there, the child is made comfortable by the fire the dragon lit to keep her dry.

answer: The climax occurs when the queen's baby disappears underneath the stormy waves, taken by a water dragon. The king attempts to fight the dragon, but fails and it escapes with the baby.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the king and queen's relationship?

answer: Neither the king nor the queen is left on the ship accidently, and they both survive the ship crashing into the waves. At the end of the story, the king is seen sitting with his wife as he waits for assistance in a lifeboat. This suggests a romantic relationship between the two.

answer: While it is not explicitly stated in the passage, the dragon senses a darkness in the king's heart and wanted to save the mother and and the child. This insinuates that the queen and king have a negative relationship.

answer: The king and queen seem to have a loving relationship. They face the storm together and share in the tragedy when their child is lost at sea. The king's rage is due to worry and not anger, while the queen's grief is pure.

answer: The queen is happy to be pregnant and eventually hold her child in her arms. She is worried about the child's safety in the storm and regrets leaving it behind in the sea after it fell into the water with her. The king is upset when he can't save the queen, but he still empowers the crew to make safe passage better. It is clear that this is a story of a powerful love, sure that there was affection for the unborn child.

answer: While the king and queen value each other deeply, they are divided on how to handle the crisis at hand. The king only wants to escape the danger, while the queen risks her own life to try and save her child. The king's fear is often shown to be overwhelming.


text:
Jeanne Ann Westveer was born in 1935. Jeanne married John Frederick Girard Rooks in 1960. She is the mother of my mother, making her my grandmother. When I’m writing this, my grandma is in the hospital, but she is supposed to go home tomorrow. Jeanne Ann Rooks is dying.

When I was eleven, my grandma was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease. Now, after eight years, she is a shell of the person she used to be. My grandma cannot function on her own. She is completely reliant on others to sustain her. This is of course not at all what Jeanne used to be. My grandma was an amazing pianist and singer. She played at her and my grandpa’s church for years until the disease hit. But, now she cannot.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

My brother and I used to go over to my grandparents’ house quite a bit. They had a lot of land and we would be outside for most of the time we spent there. I remember helping my grandma plant flowers around the outside of the house and getting stung by a bee. I remember my grandpa and grandma and I painting in the kitchen. I did my first oil painting when I was one years old at their house with their help. My grandma loved my love for the arts. We don’t talk about the arts anymore. We don’t talk at all really. I’ll tell her things going on in life and ask her if she’s comfortable.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

Only a few years ago, my grandma could still make words. When my grandpa and her came over dinner once, I helped her to the living room. As she struggled to walk she told me “I hate getting old.” While I think everyone would agree with that opinion for the most part, I think she meant it deeper. My whole life, my grandma was old. What wasn’t old was her mind. Until now that is.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

And I know I shouldn’t be sad about it. Life could only get worse for Jeanne. This is the right time. To want her to stay is selfish of me. After death, she’ll have a much better life. What makes it hard is remembering what she was like before the disease. The last few years I’ve only thought of my grandma as bed-ridden and limited. That’s how everyone saw her. I forgot about who she actually was. I forgot about her sitting at the piano and singing, and I forgot about the hundreds of peanut butter and jam sandwiches she made for me. I forgot about her setting up the Super Nintendo for my brother and I when we came over, or when she would grab me a nickel from the high cupboard so I could get a gumball from their machine.

Now, when I’m sitting at her bedside holding her hand, and seeing her slowly fade away, I know it’s time. But, I don’t want her to go.

Because death isn’t a romanticized experience like films make it out to be. It doesn’t bring families together in some grand fashion that ultimately ends up to be a necessary learning experience for everyone. Death is a final, drawn-out whimper.

Death brings a person’s life full circle, having them return to a state where they are helpless and confused, like a newborn.

Because of this I know it’s time. But, I don’t want her to go.

Not too long ago I had a dream about my grandma. I was sitting at her and my grandpa’s house next to her, while she sat silent in a chair like she has been for the last couple of years. I looked away, and when I did, she asked me some mundane question, almost as if we were mid-conversation. When I looked back she was fully awake, leaning out of her chair, Alzheimer’s free. I was so shocked and in awe, that I was afraid to ask how she did it, as I didn’t want even to mention the disease in fear of bringing it back. So I said, “Grandma, I haven’t seen you in years.” She smiled and we hugged, and my grandma said to me, “it’s been too long.”

title: [NF] As Is the Beginning, Is the End

question: Why can't Jeanne play the piano anymore?

text: Answer missing.

refinement: Jeanne has Alzheimer's Disease. It has taken away her capability to play piano and she now relies on others to function.

answer: She has Alzheimer's disease.

answer: Alzheimer's disease has taken away Jeanne's ability to play the piano. The disease has left her unable to function on her own, and she is reliant on others to sustain her.

answer: She has Alzheimer's Disease for years and lost the ability to play eventually.

question: Why does the narrator think it's selfish of her to want her grandma to remain alive?

text: Answer missing.

refinement: Continuing to survive would mean more suffering for the narrator's grandmother.

answer: The narrator thinks it's selfish of her to want her grandma to remain alive because death is not a romanticized experience like films make it out to be. Instead, it's a final, drawn-out whimper that brings a person's life full circle, having them return to a state where they are helpless and confused, like a newborn.

text: It is omitted that the narrator knows that staying alive would only mean more suffering for her grandmother but she still wanted her to live.

refinement: The narrator thinks it's selfish of her to want her grandma to remain alive because death is not a romanticized experience like films make it out to be. Instead, it's a final, drawn-out whimper that brings a person's life full circle, having them return to a state where they are helpless and confused, like a newborn. The narrator knew that staying alive would only mean more suffering for her.

answer: Jeanne is in a state where her mind is almost completely gone. Continuing to survive means her suffering would be prolonged.

answer: She thinks it's selfish because she knows that life could only get worse for her grandma.

question: What about Jeanne does the narrator miss the most?

answer: The narrator misses Jeanne's ability to play the piano and sing.

text: The passage does not explicitly say what the narrator misses the most.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most but it seems like she misses Jeanne's ability to play the piano and sing.

answer: The narrator misses her grandmother's intelligence and personality. Even though she is now bed-ridden and limited, the narrator remembers her as a vibrant woman who was full of life.

text: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most. But it may be implied that she misses her grandmother's intelligence and personality. Even though she is now bed-ridden and limited, the narrator remembers her as a vibrant woman who was full of life.

text: It is omitted that she misses her grandmother's ability to play the piano and sing.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most. But it may be implied that she misses her grandmother's intelligence, personality, and ability to play the piano and sing. . Even though she is now bed-ridden and limited, the narrator remembers her as a vibrant woman who was full of life.

text: Answer missing.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most but it seems like she misses her grandmother's ability to play the piano and sing.

answer: Their talks about art.

text: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most about her grandmother.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most but it seems like she misses their talks about art.

text: It is omitted that she misses Jeanne's ability to play the piano and sing.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state what the narrator misses the most but it seems like she misses their talks about art and her ability to play the piano and sing.

question: Explain the part about Jeanne hating being old despite the fact that she was always old for the narrator.

text: Answer missing.

refinement: Jeanna was old already but she was still young in her mind until Alzheimer's hit her.

answer: My grandma hated getting old because it meant that her mind was deteriorating. She was always old in the eyes of her family, but she was still sharp and witty until Alzheimer's took over. Now, she is nothing but a shell of her former self, and she knows that it is time for her to go.

answer: What Jeanne hates about getting old is losing her ability to think.

answer: The narrator is referring to the fact that Jeanne was always old in her mind.

text: It is incorrectly stated that Jeanne was always old in her mind.

refinement: The narrator is referring to the fact that Jeanne was always old but her mind was young until Alzheimer's hit her.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer:
Jeanne Ann Westveer was born in 1935. Jeanne married John Frederick Girard Rooks in 1960. She is the mother of my mother, making her my grandmother. When I’m writing this, my grandma is in the hospital, but she is supposed to go home tomorrow. Jeanne Ann Rooks is dying.

When I was eleven, my grandma was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease. Now, after eight years, she is a shell of the person she used to be. My grandma cannot function on her own. She is completely reliant on others to sustain her. This is of course not at all what Jeanne used to be. My grandma was an amazing pianist and singer. She played at her and my grandpa’s church for years until the disease hit. But, now she cannot.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

My brother and I used to go over to my grandparents’ house quite a bit. They had a lot of land and we would be outside for most of the time we spent there. I remember helping my grandma plant flowers around the outside of the house and getting stung by a bee. I remember my grandpa and grandma and I painting in the kitchen. I did my first oil painting when I was one years old at their house with their help. My grandma loved my love for the arts. We don’t talk about the arts anymore. We don’t talk at all really. I’ll tell her things going on in life and ask her if she’s comfortable.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

Only a few years ago, my grandma could still make words. When my grandpa and her came over dinner once, I helped her to the living room. As she struggled to walk she told me “I hate getting old.” While I think everyone would agree with that opinion for the most part, I think she meant it deeper. My whole life, my grandma was old. What wasn’t old was her mind. Until now that is.

Because of this, I know it’s time.

And I know I shouldn’t be sad about it. Life could only get worse for Jeanne. This is the right time. To want her to stay is selfish of me. After death, she’ll have a much better life. What makes it hard is remembering what she was like before the disease. The last few years I’ve only thought of my grandma as bed-ridden and limited. That’s how everyone saw her. I forgot about who she actually was. I forgot about her sitting at the piano and singing, and I forgot about the hundreds of peanut butter and jam sandwiches she made for me. I forgot about her setting up the Super Nintendo for my brother and I when we came over, or when she would grab me a nickel from the high cupboard so I could get a gumball from their machine.

Now, when I’m sitting at her bedside holding her hand, and seeing her slowly fade away, I know it’s time. But, I don’t want her to go.

Because death isn’t a romanticized experience like films make it out to be. It doesn’t bring families together in some grand fashion that ultimately ends up to be a necessary learning experience for everyone. Death is a final, drawn-out whimper.

Death brings a person’s life full circle, having them return to a state where they are helpless and confused, like a newborn.

Because of this I know it’s time. But, I don’t want her to go.

text: Contains a lot of information that could be omitted.

refinement: The author pens the moments she spent with her grandmother Jeanne, who is now dying because of Alzheimer's Disease. Jeanne was a very vibrant and active person before the disease hit. The narrator knows it's her time to leave and it would be selfish of her to want Jeanne to stay alive in this condition. The author has a dream of Jeanne being free of the disease.

answer: The author reflects on her relationship with her grandmother, who is dying from Alzheimer's disease. The author remembers her grandmother as a vibrant and active person before the disease took over, and knows that it is time for her to go. However, the author is still saddened by the thought of losing her grandmother. In a dream, the author imagines her grandmother being free of the disease, and they hug and catch up.

text: ". My grandma was an amazing pianist and singer. She played at her and my grandpa’s church for years" this is evidence that Jeanne was an active person.

answer: The narrator is writing about their grandmother, Jeanne Ann Westveer, who is dying. She was diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease eight years ago. The narrator is sad about her grandmother's death, but knows it's time. The narrator has a dream about their grandmother, who is fully awake and Alzheimer's free.

text: It is omitted that the narrator thinks of the time she spent with her grandmother.

refinement: The narrator is writing about their grandmother, Jeanne Ann Westveer, who is dying. She was diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease eight years ago. The narrator is sad about her grandmother's death, but knows it's time. She recalls the time she spent with her grandmother talking about art and many more things. The narrator has a dream about their grandmother, who is fully awake and Alzheimer's free.

text: "When I was eleven, my grandma was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease. Now, after eight years, she is a shell of the person she used to be." This is evidence that Jeanne was diagnosed with Alzheimer's eight years ago.

answer: Jeanne Ann Rooks (née Westveer) is the narrator's grandmother. She was diagnosed with Alzheimer's eight years ago, and the narrator misses their talks about art and Jeanne's liveliness. The narrator reminisces about Jeanne saying she hates getting old, understanding that she hates her mind getting old. The narrator wishes that Jeanne could live but knows that wanting her to remain alive in her condition is selfish.


text:
Once upon a time, there were two kingdoms.

To the west The Dredges.  Where sat a Parkinson king,  inhabited by foaming Neander folk.  At dawn, the king would greet his swaying congregants.  In showers of inflation yet undeserved.  And spin unverified tales of personal glory.

East the Queendom.  Ruled by a spider empress.  Neith her, a never\-ending coil of dagger toothed critics.  Each slitting the throat of the one ahead.  Yearly the Queen would list off personal annoyances, proclaiming the Queendom under attack.

The land boiled in war.  A tarry foe, built of lies and ignorance.  Steaming from the fringes of each kingdom, and sticking to everything.  Unnoticed.  Like silent magma pulsing from an underground volcano.

Ignorant or with intent, the kingdoms skirmished one another.  Resurrecting their dead, endlessly.  Continuously front lining the fallen.  Only to retreat confused by the others lack of empathy.   Stalemate.

Till one day came a prince.  With seven fools in tow.  That did taunt the two kingdoms from afar.  With vulgar displays and songs.  The two kingdoms both offended, set differences aside.  And laid a plan to destroy the prince.

Upon their unification, and marching drums of war.  The two saw what they had not.  The sticky tarry foe.  But not the prince or his band of seven fools in tow.  The kingdoms in agreement waged war upon that foe.  And won a long painful battle for the betterment of all.

THE END  Thanks for reading.

title: [FN] The Two Kingdoms

question: Why do the two kingdoms unite?

answer: The two kingdoms unite because they both want to destroy the prince.

text: "The two kingdoms both offended, set differences aside. And laid a plan to destroy the prince" is evidence that the two kingdoms united against their common enemy: the prince.

answer: They unite to destroy the prince and his band of seven fools.

text: "The two kingdoms both offended, set differences aside. And laid a plan to destroy the prince" is evidence that the two kingdoms united against their common enemy: the prince.

answer: The two kingdoms unite because they both see the threat posed by the tarry foe that they had previously ignored. They then work together to defeat it.

text: Could state who this "tarry foe" is.

refinement: The two kingdoms unite because they both see the threat posed by the prince. They then work together to defeat him.

text: "The two kingdoms both offended, set differences aside. And laid a plan to destroy the prince" is evidence that the two kingdoms united against their common enemy.

answer: A common foe manages to anger them both.

text: Could state who the common enemy is.

refinement: A common foe (the prince) manages to anger them both.

text: Could specify that they unite in order to defeat the common foe.

refinement: A common foe (the prince) manages to anger them both. They unite in order to defeat the prince.

text: "The two kingdoms both offended, set differences aside. And laid a plan to destroy the prince" is evidence that the two kingdoms united against their common enemy.

question: Why do the two kingdoms fight?

answer: They fight because they are ignorant of the tarry foe.

text: This answer is unattested.

answer: The reason for the wars isn't explained in the story.

answer: The two kingdoms fight because they are ignorant of the true enemy - the tarry foe that lies beneath the surface. Once they realize the true enemy, they put aside their differences and work together to defeat it.

text: The reason they fight is not mentioned in the story, therefore this answer is unattested.

answer: The two kingdoms fight because they are ignorant of the tarry foe.

text: Unattested.

question: Explain how the battles run endlessly.

answer: The battles between the two kingdoms seem to never end, as they keep resurrecting their dead and fighting endlessly. This is because neither side seems to be able to empathize with the other, and so they are stuck in a stalemate. However, when the prince and his band of fools taunt the two kingdoms, they put their differences aside and finally see the true enemy - the sticky tarry foe. They then go on to win a long and difficult battle, which benefits everyone.

text: The last two sentences are not directly addressing the question being asked.

refinement: The battles between the two kingdoms seem to never end, as they keep resurrecting their dead and fighting endlessly. This is because neither side seems to be able to empathize with the other, and so they are stuck in a stalemate.

text: "Only to retreat confused by the others lack of empathy" is evidence that the two sides fail to empathize with each other.

text: "Resurrecting their dead, endlessly" is evidence that the kingdoms continue to ressurect their dead.

text: No answer is given.

refinement: The opposing forces keep resurrecting their dead and sending them to the front lines.

answer: The kingdoms are fighting one another, resurrecting their dead, and continuously front lining the fallen.

answer: The two kingdoms resurrect their dead to fight for them.

question: State the central message of the story.

answer: The central message of the story is that two kingdoms can work together to achieve a common goal.

text: The fact that the two kingdoms "won a long painful battle for the betterment of all" once they united is evidence supporting this answer.

answer: The central message of the story is that when two opposing sides set aside their differences, they can achieve great things.

answer: The two kingdoms unite to fight a common enemy.

text: While this is what happens, it does not reflect the message of the story.

refinement: The two opposing forces can achieve great things if they work together.

answer: A common foe may bring together lifelong enemies. The unification is better for everyone.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The two kingdoms are at war with each other. The prince and his seven fools taunt the two kingdoms from afar. The two kingdoms unite to destroy the prince and his fools. They win the battle and the war.

text: Using "the" for the prince may mislead someone into thinking the prince belongs to one of the kingdoms.

refinement: The two kingdoms are at war with each other. A prince and his seven fools taunt the two kingdoms from afar. The two kingdoms unite to destroy the prince and his fools. They win the battle and the war.

text: "The kingdoms in agreement waged war upon that foe. And won a long painful battle for the betterment of all" is evidence that the two kingdoms unite and defeat the prince.

answer: The Two Kingdoms is a story about two kingdoms that are at war with each other. One day, a prince and his band of seven fools come to taunt the two kingdoms. The two kingdoms put their differences aside and unite to destroy the prince and his band of fools.

answer: Two kingdoms, one to the West and the other to the East, fight ceaselessly. Battle after battle, they resurrect their dead and fight on. One day a Prince appears, taunting them both with vulgar songs. The kingdoms unite and fight a long battle for the betterment of all.

text: Could clarify that the kingdoms unite against the prince.

refinement: Two kingdoms, one to the West and the other to the East, fight ceaselessly. Battle after battle, they resurrect their dead and fight on. One day a Prince appears, taunting them both with vulgar songs. The kingdoms unite against the prince and fight a long battle for the betterment of all.

text: The outcome of the battle is not described.

refinement: Two kingdoms, one to the West and the other to the East, fight ceaselessly. Battle after battle, they resurrect their dead and fight on. One day a Prince appears, taunting them both with vulgar songs. The kingdoms unite against the prince and manage to defeat him.

answer: In this story, two kingdoms are at war with each other until a prince and his band of fools taunt them both. The two kingdoms then put aside their differences and unite to fight the tarry foe, which they eventually defeat.

text: The phrase "tarry foe" does not seem to be applied to the prince.

refinement: In this story, two kingdoms are at war with each other until a prince and his band of fools taunt them both. The two kingdoms then put aside their differences and unite to fight the prince, which they eventually defeat.

text: Grammar (should be "whom" instead of "which")

refinement: In this story, two kingdoms are at war with each other until a prince and his band of fools taunt them both. The two kingdoms then put aside their differences and unite to fight the prince, whom they eventually defeat.


text:
EILEEN DE VILLA is a Canadian physician and public servant currently serving as the medical officer of health for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada and formerly as the medical officer of health for the region of Peel. She is an adjunct professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. In 2020, de Villa oversaw Toronto's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario.

Early life and education

De Villa is the daughter of cardiologist Dr. Maria Antonina “Nenette” de Villa and obstetrician/gynecologist Dr. Guillermo “Jun” de Villa. She was born in Boston and briefly lived in the Philippines between 1972 and 1975 before her family fled to Canada.[1] Her parents were both influential in the Filipino community in Toronto, laying the groundwork for what is now the Filipino Centre Toronto.[2]

She attended Havergal College then McGill University, where she received her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology and women's studies in 1991.[3] When she graduated, she became an intern at the United Nations, moving to Vienna to work with the UN Industrial Development Organization supporting developing countries.[4] Through that experience, she became interested in international health.[5]

She then received her Master of Health Science degree in health promotion at the University of Toronto and continued securing internships through the United Nations, including one with the International Conference on Population and Development.[6]

De Villa then decided to go to medical school, receiving her medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1998. She completed her residency in public health and preventive medicine. She later received a Master of Business Administration from the Schulich School of Business at York University.

Career

In 2004, de Villa began her almost thirteen year tenure at the Regional Municipality of Peel Office of Health, where she ultimately became the medical officer of health, serving from October 2015 to March 2017. There, she worked on a number of public health issues, including vaccination and prevention of communicable diseases, such as sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis.[7] She also oversaw the region's air quality and food and water safety.[8]

On March 27, 2017, de Vila began her term as the medical officer of health at Toronto Public Health after the retirement of David McKeown_._[9] She was appointed for her evidence-based approach to public health.[10] In this role, she has worked to combat the opioid epidemic in Toronto, advocating for a series of policies to expand public health services. Her recommended policies include the creation of a safer drug supply to reduce the need to buy drugs off the street, better support for under-served populations, and decriminalizing drugs.[11] In 2019, she has pushed back against budget cuts proposed by the Progressive Conservative provincial government under Premier Doug Ford, which would limit Toronto's resources for fighting the opioid crisis and other public health programs.[12] She has also criticized the administration for defunding supervised injection sites, which have reversed a significant number of overdoses since opening.

Under her leadership, Toronto Public Health has worked to combat misinformation around vaccine safety and has advocated for advertisers and social media platforms to clamp down on misleading anti-vaccination information.[13] She was also behind the call to ban vaccine exemptions because of religious or philosophical beliefs, though the government would still allow medical exemptions.[14][15] Toronto has seen a steady rise of such exemptions and are working to proactively prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Since Toronto saw its first case of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, on January 25, 2020, de Villa has been leading the city's response to the emerging pandemic.[16] Her office issued a number of recommendations to the mayor of Toronto, John Tory, to lock the city down as much as possible, advocating that measures stay in place for 12 weeks from April 1, 2020.[17] Tory has also set a fine of $1,000 for those convicted of violating social distancing guidelines of maintaining a distance of 2 meters or more.[18] De Villa has also used her authority under the _Health Protection and Promotion Act_ to order all individuals with COVID-19—as well as those who have been in contact with confirmed cases—to remain home for 14 days.[19]

De Villa sits on the McGill Women, Leadership & Philanthropy Board, working to increase the representation of women in positions of leadership, governance, and philanthropy.[20]

Awards and Honours

-   Distinguished Leader Award, McGill Toronto Excellence Awards, 2019[21]
-   Naimark Award, Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement, 2013

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title: Eileen de Villa

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about de Villa's opinion on public health?

answer: She believes in evidence-based approaches to public health. She has advocated for a series of policies to expand public health services. She has also criticized the administration for defunding supervised injection sites. She has also advocated for a clamp down on misleading anti-vaccination information.

answer: She believes in evidence based approaches to public health and recommends drug decriminalization. She is an advocate for expanding public health services. She has pushed back against budget cuts proposed by the Progressive Conservative provincial government and is critical of the administration for defunding supervised injection sites. She is working to combat misinformation around vaccine safety and advocated for advertisers and social media platforms to clamp down on misleading anti-vaccination information.

answer: She believes in evidence-based approaches to public health. She has advocated for a series of policies to expand public health services. She has also criticized the administration for defunding supervised injection sites.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about de Villa's qualifications?

answer: She attended Havergal College, then McGill University and received her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology and women's studies. De Villa decided to go to medical school, receiving her medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1998. She completed her residency in public health and preventive medicine, and received her MBA from the Schulich School of Business at York University. She is an adjunct professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. Her parents, who were both doctors, influenced her decision to become a doctor.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: She attended Havergal College, then McGill University and received her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology and women's studies. De Villa decided to go to medical school, receiving her medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1998. She completed her residency in public health and preventive medicine, and received her MBA from the Schulich School of Business at York University. She is an adjunct professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto.

answer: She attended Havergal College, then McGill University and received her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology and women's studies. De Villa decided to go to medical school, receiving her medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1998. She completed her residency in public health and preventive medicine, and received her MBA from the Schulich School of Business at York University. Her parents, who were both doctors, influenced her decision to become a doctor.

answer: She received her Bachelor of Science degree in psychology and women's studies from McGill University. She received her Master of Health Science degree in health promotion at the University of Toronto. She received her medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1998. She received her Master of Business Administration from the Schulich School of Business at York University.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about life expectancy in Toronto after de Villa became the medical officer at Toronto Public Health?

answer: No answer

answer: The article does not mention anything about life expectancy in Toronto after de Villa became the medical officer at Toronto Public Health.


text:
_INTRODUCTION TO CIRCLE PACKING: THE THEORY OF DISCRETE ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS_ is a mathematical monograph concerning systems of tangent circles and the circle packing theorem. It was written by Kenneth Stephenson and published in 2005 by the Cambridge University Press.

Topics

Circle packings, as studied in this book, are systems of circles that touch at tangent points but do not overlap, according to a combinatorial pattern of adjacencies specifying which pairs of circles should touch. The circle packing theorem states that a circle packing exists if and only if the pattern of adjacencies forms a planar graph; it was originally proved by Paul Koebe in the 1930s, and popularized by William Thurston, who rediscovered it in the 1970s and connected it with the theory of conformal maps and conformal geometry. As a topic, this should be distinguished from sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

The book is divided into four parts, in progressive levels of difficulty. The first part introduces the subject visually, encouraging the reader to think about packings not just as static objects but as dynamic systems of circles that change in predictable ways when the conditions under which they are formed (their patterns of adjacency) change. The second part concerns the proof of the circle packing theorem itself, and of the associated rigidity theorem: every maximal planar graph can be associated with a circle packing that is unique up to Möbius transformations of the plane. More generally the same result holds for any triangulated manifold, with a circle packing on a topologically equivalent Riemann surface that is unique up to conformal equivalence.

The third part of the book concerns the degrees of freedom that arise when the pattern of adjacencies is not fully triangulated (it is a planar graph, but not a maximal planar graph). In this case, different extensions of this pattern to larger maximal planar graphs will lead to different packings, which can be mapped to each other by corresponding circles. The book explores the connection between these mappings, which it calls discrete analytic functions, and the analytic functions of classical mathematical analysis. The final part of the book concerns a conjecture of William Thurston, proved by Burton Rodin and Dennis Sullivan, that makes this analogy concrete: conformal mappings from any topological disk to a circle can be approximated by filling the disk by a hexagonal packing of unit circles, finding a circle packing that adds to that pattern of adjacencies a single outer circle, and constructing the resulting discrete analytic function. This part also includes applications to number theory and the visualization of brain structure.

Stephenson has implemented algorithms for circle packing and used them to construct the many illustrations of the book, giving to much of this work the flavor of experimental mathematics, although it is also mathematically rigorous. Unsolved problems are listed throughout the book, which also includes nine appendices on related topics such as the ring lemma and Doyle spirals.

Audience and reception

The book presents research-level mathematics, and is aimed at professional mathematicians interested in this and related topics. Reviewer Frédéric Mathéus describes the level of the material in the book as “both mathematically rigorous and accessible to the novice mathematician”, presented in an approachable style that conveys the author's love of the material. However, although the preface to the book states that no background knowledge is necessary, and that the book can be read by non-mathematicians or used as an undergraduate textbook, reviewer Michele Intermont disagrees, noting that it has no exercises for students and writing that “non-mathematicians will be nothing other than frustrated with this book”. Similarly, reviewer David Mumford finds the first seven chapters (part I and much of part II) to be at an undergraduate level, but writes that “as a whole, the book is suitable for graduate students in math”.

title: Introduction to Circle Packing

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about circular logic?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some related fields to circle packing?

answer: Sphere packing is a related field.

answer: Some related fields are sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

answer: Sphere packing is a related field. It is more concerned with packing density than with a combinatorial pattern of tangency.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What parts of the book does the reviewer David Mumford call out as exceeding the abilities of a novice?

answer: The first seven chapters of the book

answer: The first seven chapters of the book (part I and much of part II).

answer: The first seven chapters.


text:
HELENA JIRANOVÁ (born 5 March 1995) is a Czech runner and sprinter who participates in the 400 metres, 110 metres hurdles and 60 metres hurdles.[1][2]

Jiranová entered internation athletics in 2011 competing in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. At the 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships she finished eighth in the 4 × 400 metres relay. In 2015 she reached the semi-finals at the 2015 European Athletics Junior Championships finishing seventh.[3] During the 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships Jiranová finished finished eighth in the 400 metres dash and sixth in the 100 metres hurdles. In 2019 at the 2019 European Games she twelfth in the field of hurdlers and later in 2019 at the 2019 Summer Universiade she retired in the lead of the 110 metres hurdles after a stumble and ended up placing sixth.[4][5]

Jiranová is a Czech champion in the 400 metres in 2014 and 2019, the 4 × 400 metres relay in 2019, and the 60 metres hurdles in 2019.[6]

Personal bests

-   _400 METRES_: 53.77 sec. on May 26, 2017 in Prague[7]
-   _100 METRES HURDLES_: 13.37 sec. on July 25, 2017 in Tábor[8]
-   _60 METRES HURDLES_: 8.31 sec on 16 February 2019 in Ostrava[9]

[1]  Profile|website=www.worldathletics.org|access-date=2019-11-13}}

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title: Helena Jiranová

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How old was Helena Jiranová when she first competed in an international tournament?

answer: In 2011, she was 16 years old.

answer: 15 years, 7 months

text: This is false. She would have been 16 considering the European Youth Summer Olympics Festival took place in the summer. Her birthday is in March.

answer: Jiranová first competed in an international tournament in 2011 when she was 16 years old.

answer: 18.

text: This is false. She was born in 1995, so she would have been 16.

answer: Jiranová first competed in an international tournament in 2011 when she was 15 years old.

text: Being that the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival was in the summer and Helena's birthday is in March, she would be 16.

refinement: Jiranová first competed in an international tournament in 2011 when she was 16 years old.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How old was Jiranová when she first won a tournament?

answer: Jiranová won her first tournament in 2014 when she was 17 years old.

text: This is false. She would have been 18 or 19.

refinement: Jiranová won her first tournament in 2014 when she was either 18 or 19 years old.

answer: She won the 400 meters in 2014 in a Czech tournament. She was 19 years old at the time.

text: She technically could have been 18 because the article doesn't say what month the tournament took place in. It would be safer to say she was either 18 or 19.

refinement: She won the 400 meters in 2014 in a Czech tournament. She was 18 or 19 years old at the time.

answer: Jiranová won her first Czech championship in 2014 when she was 19 years old.

text: She technically could have been 18 because the article doesn't say what month the tournament took place in. It would be safer to say she was either 18 or 19.

refinement: Jiranová won her first Czech championship in 2014 when she was 18 or 19 years old.

answer: Jiranová was 18 years old when she won a tournament.

text: She technically could have been 19 because the article doesn't say what month the tournament took place in. It would be safer to say she was either 18 or 19.

refinement: Jiranová was 18 or 19 years old when she won a tournament.

answer: Not mentioned

text: It's not stated directly, but due to her birthdate being given and the year of the tournament being given, it's easy to calculate. She would be 18 or 19 years old.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How fast is Jiranová?

answer: 53.77 seconds in the 400 metres, 13.37 seconds in the 100 meters hurdles, and 8.31 seconds in 60 meters hurdles.

answer: She can run 400 meters in 54 seconds.

answer: She is capable of running a 400 metres sprint at 53.77 seconds and a 60 metres hurdles at 8.31 seconds.

answer: 53.77 seconds for the 400 mile race. This means she can run a half mile (8 laps around a track) in a little under two minutes.

text: 400 "mile" race is incorrect. She ran a 400 meter race.

refinement: 53.77 seconds for the 400 meter race. This means she can run a half mile (8 laps around a track) in a little under two minutes.

text: The second sentence is unnecessary and false when paired with 400 miles.

answer: Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter who has personal bests in the 400 metres, 100 metres hurdles, and 60 metres hurdles. Her 400 metres best is 53.77 seconds. Her 100 metres hurdles best is 13.37 seconds, and her 60 metres hurdles best is 8.31 seconds.

text: The first sentence is unnecessary for answering the question.

refinement: Her 400 metres best is 53.77 seconds. Her 100 metres hurdles best is 13.37 seconds, and her 60 metres hurdles best is 8.31 seconds.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did Jiranová retire a race despite leading?

answer: She stumbled and had to retire.

answer: She stumbled during the race.

answer: This information is not given. She tripped and her foot got caught up in the hurdle, leading her to fall.

text: The information is given. It says she stumbles. It's also contradictory to give information about her stumble after saying there is no info given.

answer: Jiranová retired her 110 metre hurdles race at the 2019 Summer Universiade after stumbling and finishing sixth due to an ankle injury.

text: There is no mention of an ankle injury in the article.

refinement: Jiranová retired her 110 metre hurdles race at the 2019 Summer Universiade after stumbling and finishing sixth.

answer: She stumbled and fell in the 110 metres hurdles race at the 2019 Summer Universiade.

text: The article doesn't say she fell, so it would be better to omit that.

refinement: She stumbled in the 110 metres hurdles race at the 2019 Summer Universiade.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner who specializes in the 400 meters, 110 metre hurdles and 60 metre hurdles. In 2017, Jiranová won the Czech national championship in the 400 meters and was part of the 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the Czech championship in 2019. In 2017, she placed 8th at the European Young Athletics Championships in the 400 metres dash and 6th in the 100 metre hurdles. Recently, at the 2019 European Games, Jiranová placed 12th in the field of hurdlers. Jiranová also currently holds personal bests in the 400 meters (53.77 seconds), 100 metre hurdles (13.37 seconds) and 60 metre hurdles (8.31 seconds).

text: There is no mention in the article of Helena winning the Czech national championship in the 400 meters. It's only said she had her personal best in 400 meters in Prague in 2017. It would be better to remove this since her personal best is mentioned later in the summary.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner who specializes in the 400 meters, 110 metre hurdles and 60 metre hurdles. She was part of the 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the Czech championship in 2019. In 2017, she placed 8th at the European Young Athletics Championships in the 400 metres dash and 6th in the 100 metre hurdles. Recently, at the 2019 European Games, Jiranová placed 12th in the field of hurdlers. Jiranová also currently holds personal bests in the 400 meters (53.77 seconds), 100 metre hurdles (13.37 seconds) and 60 metre hurdles (8.31 seconds).

text: This is five instead of the requested four sentences. It would be better to omit the sentence about her recent 2019 competition.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner who specializes in the 400 meters, 110 metre hurdles and 60 metre hurdles. She was part of the 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the Czech championship in 2019. In 2017, she placed 8th at the European Young Athletics Championships in the 400 metres dash and 6th in the 100 metre hurdles. Jiranová also currently holds personal bests in the 400 meters (53.77 seconds), 100 metre hurdles (13.37 seconds) and 60 metre hurdles (8.31 seconds).

text: Helena's birth year is omitted.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner, born in 1995, who specializes in the 400 meters, 110 metre hurdles and 60 metre hurdles. She was part of the 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the Czech championship in 2019. In 2017, she placed 8th at the European Young Athletics Championships in the 400 metres dash and 6th in the 100 metre hurdles. Jiranová also currently holds personal bests in the 400 meters (53.77 seconds), 100 metre hurdles (13.37 seconds) and 60 metre hurdles (8.31 seconds).

answer: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter who has had some success in international competitions. She is currently ranked first in Czech Republic in the 400 metres, fourth in the 60 meters hurdles, and eighth in the 100 meters hurdles. Her personal bests include a 53.77 sec. time in the 400 metres and an 8.31 sec. time in the 60 meters hurdles. Jiranová has experienced some success in international competitions, placing eighth in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the European Athletics Junior Championships and sixth in the 100 meters hurdles at the European Athletics U23 Championships.

text: Jiranova is not ranked first in Czech Republic in the 400 metres, fourth in the 60 meters hurdles, and eighth in the 100 meters hurdles. This whole sentence needs to be mended, as it is entirely false.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter who has had some success in international competitions. She is a Czech champion in the 400 metres in 2014 and 2019, the 60 meters hurdles in 2019, and the 4 x 400 metres relay in 2019. Her personal bests include a 53.77 sec. time in the 400 metres and an 8.31 sec. time in the 60 meters hurdles. Jiranová has experienced some success in international competitions, placing eighth in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the European Athletics Junior Championships and sixth in the 100 meters hurdles at the European Athletics U23 Championships.

text: Helena's birth year is omitted.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter, born in 1995, who has had some success in international competitions. She is a Czech champion in the 400 metres in 2014 and 2019, the 60 meters hurdles in 2019, and the 4 x 400 metres relay in 2019. Her personal bests include a 53.77 sec. time in the 400 metres and an 8.31 sec. time in the 60 meters hurdles. Jiranová has experienced some success in international competitions, placing eighth in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the European Athletics Junior Championships and sixth in the 100 meters hurdles at the European Athletics U23 Championships.

answer: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter. Her personal bests are 53.77 sec for 400 metres, 13.37 sec for 100 meters hurdles and 8.31 seconds for 60 meters hurdles. She won the 400 metres in 2018 and 2019, the 4 × 400 meters relay in 2019, and the 60 meters hurdles in 2019. She also came second in the 110 meters hurdles in 2019.

text: There is no mention of Helena winning anything in 2018 in the article. This should be removed and replaced with 2014.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter. Her personal bests are 53.77 sec for 400 metres, 13.37 sec for 100 meters hurdles and 8.31 seconds for 60 meters hurdles. She won the 400 metres in 2014 and 2019, the 4 × 400 meters relay in 2019, and the 60 meters hurdles in 2019. She also came second in the 110 meters hurdles in 2019.

text: She came in sixth in the 110 meters in 2019. Her placing second is false.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter. Her personal bests are 53.77 sec for 400 meters, 13.37 sec for 100 meters hurdles and 8.31 seconds for 60 meters hurdles. She won the 400 meters in 2014 and 2019, the 4 × 400 meters relay in 2019, and the 60 meters hurdles in 2019. She also came in sixth in the 110 meters hurdles in 2019.

text: Helena's birth year is omitted.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter born in 1995. Her personal bests are 53.77 sec for 400 meters, 13.37 sec for 100 meters hurdles and 8.31 seconds for 60 meters hurdles. She won the 400 meters in 2014 and 2019, the 4 × 400 meters relay in 2019, and the 60 meters hurdles in 2019. She also came in sixth in the 110 meters hurdles in 2019.

text: The names of the tournaments Helena performed in are omitted.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech runner and sprinter born in 1995. Her personal bests are 53.77 sec for 400 meters, 13.37 sec for 100 meters hurdles and 8.31 seconds for 60 meters hurdles. She was a Czech champion in the 400 meters in 2014 and 2019, the 4 × 400 meters relay in 2019, and the 60 meters hurdles in 2019. She also came in sixth in the 110 meters hurdles in 2019 at the Summer Universiade.

answer: Helena Jiranová (born 5 March 1995) is a Czech runner and sprinter who participates in the 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, and 60 meters hurdles. She entered her first international tournament when she was sixteen, competing in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. She reached the semi-finals at the 2015 European Athletics Junior Championships. She was leading in the 110 meters hurdles at the 2019 Summer Universiade when she had to retire because of a stumble. She won three different national championships, one of each category she competes in.

answer: Jiranová is a Czech sprinter known for participating in the 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, and 60 meters hurdles. She began entering international athletics in 2011 when she competed in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. Her best performance in the 2019 Summer Universiade is when she placed 6th in the 110 meters hurdles. Jiranovova has won the Czech championship in the 400 meters, the 4X400 meters relay, and the 60 meters hurdles.

text: Change "the Czech championship" to "a Czech championship"

refinement: Jiranová is a Czech sprinter known for participating in the 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, and 60 meters hurdles. She began entering international athletics in 2011 when she competed in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. Her best performance in the 2019 Summer Universiade is when she placed 6th in the 110 meters hurdles. Jiranovova has won a Czech championship in the 400 meters, the 4X400 meters relay, and the 60 meters hurdles.

text: Jiranova's first name is omitted.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech sprinter known for participating in the 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, and 60 meters hurdles. She began entering international athletics in 2011 when she competed in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. Her best performance in the 2019 Summer Universiade is when she placed 6th in the 110 meters hurdles. Jiranovova has won a Czech championship in the 400 meters, the 4X400 meters relay, and the 60 meters hurdles.

text: Helena's birth year is missing.

refinement: Helena Jiranová is a Czech sprinter, born in 1995, known for participating in the 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, and 60 meters hurdles. She began entering international athletics in 2011 when she competed in the 2011 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Trabzon, Turkey. Her best performance in the 2019 Summer Universiade is when she placed 6th in the 110 meters hurdles. Jiranovova has won a Czech championship in the 400 meters, the 4X400 meters relay, and the 60 meters hurdles.