text:
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States grounded Boeing Co’s money-spinning 737 MAX aircraft on Wednesday over safety fears after an Ethiopian Airlines plane crash that killed 157 people, leaving the world’s largest planemaker facing its worst crisis in years.

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) cited new satellite data and evidence from the scene of Sunday’s crash near Addis Ababa for its decision to join Europe, China and other nations in suspending 737 MAX flights.

The crash was the second disaster involving the 737 MAX, the world’s most-sold modern passenger aircraft, in less than five months.

GRAPHIC - Ethiopia Airlines crash location: tmsnrt.rs/2CdCVUi

The new information from the wreckage in Ethiopia and newly refined data about the plane’s flight path indicated some similarities between the two disasters “that warrant further investigation of the possibility of a shared cause,” the FAA said in a statement.

The acting administrator of the FAA, Daniel Elwell, said he did not know how long the U.S. grounding of the aircraft would last. A software fix for the 737 Max that Boeing has been working on since a fatal crash last October in Indonesia will take months to complete, Elwell told reporters.

The single-aisle 737 is central to Boeing’s future in its battle with European rival Airbus SE. The new variant of the 737, the fastest-selling jetliner in Boeing’s history, is viewed as the likely workhorse for global airlines for decades.

“The agency made this decision as a result of the data gathering process and new evidence collected at the site and analyzed today,” the FAA said, shortly after U.S. President Donald Trump announced the planes would be grounded.

GRAPHIC - Ethiopian airlines crash speed and altitude data: tmsnrt.rs/2UAj5tW

It was the second time the FAA has halted flights of a Boeing plane in six years. It grounded the 787 Dreamliner in 2013 because of problems with smoking batteries.

Boeing, which maintained that its planes were safe to fly, said in a statement that it supported the latest FAA move.

“Boeing has determined - out of an abundance of caution and in order to reassure the flying public of the aircraft’s safety - to recommend to the FAA the temporary suspension of operations of the entire global fleet of 371 737 MAX aircraft.”

The crash involving a Boeing 737 MAX in Indonesia killed 189 people. Passengers have been spooked by the two disasters. U.S. travel website Kayak was making changes to let customers exclude specific aircraft types from searches, and booking sites were looking to reroute passengers.

GRAPHIC - Ethiopian Airlines crash plane and black boxes: tmsnrt.rs/2ChjLNE

RE-BOOKING PASSENGERS

U.S. airlines that operate the 737 MAX, Southwest Airlines Co, American Airlines Group Inc and United Airlines, said they were working to re-book passengers. Southwest had 5 MAX-related cancellations on Wednesday and American nearly 40.

Southwest is the world’s largest operator of the 737 MAX 8 with 34 jets.

France’s air accident investigation agency BEA will analyze black-box cockpit voice and data recorders from the crashed plane, a spokesman said.

The French announcement resolved uncertainty over the fate of the two recorders after Germany’s BFU said it had declined a request to handle them because it could not process the new type of recorder used on the 737 MAX jets, in service since 2017.

Shares of the company ended up 0.5 percent at $377.14, recovering from a more than 3 percent fall in the afternoon when the FAA announcement was made.

The United States had held back on suspending 737 MAX flights on Tuesday even as many of the world’s top economies such as China and European nations grounded the plane.

Trump called Boeing Chief Executive Dennis Muilenburg on Wednesday to inform him that the United States was preparing to ground the fleet, a White House official said.

“I spoke with a number of airlines. And speaking to the airlines, I think that we all agree that this was right decision to make. It didn’t have to be made, but we thought it was the right decision to make,” Trump told reporters.

The grounding was welcomed by air workers in the United States. John Samuelsen, international president of the Transport Workers Union of America, which represents aviation workers and flight attendants, said the grounding of the fleet was right “both for air travelers and aviation workers.”

GRAPHIC - Boeing shares hit after Ethiopia jet crash: tmsnrt.rs/2Ca96E7

NEW SATELLITE DATA

Canada also grounded 737 MAX jets on Wednesday, saying satellite data suggested similarities to the previous crash involving the same plane model in October.

U.S.-based aircraft-tracking firm Aireon provided the satellite data to the FAA, Transport Canada and several other authorities, company spokeswoman Jessie Hillenbrand said.

Ethiopian Airlines spokesman Asrat Begashaw said it was still unclear what happened on Sunday, but its pilot had reported control issues as opposed to external factors such as birds.

“The pilot reported flight control problems and requested to turn back. In fact he was allowed to turn back,” he said.

Brazil, Mexico and Panama on Wednesday became the first Latin American nations to suspend the Boeing 737 MAX. Earlier, Panama’s Copa Airlines had suspended operations of its six Boeing 737 MAX 9 aircraft until the findings are published of an investigation into Sunday’s crash.

The chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Democrat Peter DeFazio, called for a probe into why the 737 MAX received certification to fly.

GRAPHIC - Boeing 737 MAX aircraft by country: tmsnrt.rs/2NWeU90

Reporting by David Shepardson in Washington, Kumerra Gemechu in Gora-Bokka, Ethiopia, David Ljunggren in Ottawa; Additional reporting by Duncan Miriri and Aaron Maasho in Addis Ababa; Doina Chiacu in Washington, Omar Mohammed and Maggie Fick in Nairobi; Tim Hepher in Paris; Jamie Freed in Singapore; Terje Solsvik in Oslo; Aditi Shah in Mumbai; Sanjana Shivdas in Bengaluru; Aleksandar Vasovic in Belgrade; Julie Gordon in Ottawa; Angela Moon in New York, Eric Johnson in Seattle and Tracy Rucinski in Chicago; Writing by Bill Rigby and Alistair Bell; Editing by Gareth Jones, Nick Zieminski and Grant McCool

for-phone-onlyfor-tablet-portrait-upfor-tablet-landscape-upfor-desktop-upfor-wide-desktop-up

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything related to the president.

answer: The US president, Donald Trump, grounded the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft. He called Boeing's CEO to inform him of the grounding. He also said that the decision to ground the fleet was the right decision to make.

answer: The president of the U.S. called Boeing's CEO presumably to inform him of the U.S.'s intention to ground the 737 Max. After grounding the plane, Trump called the Boeing CEO to inform him that the U.S. was grounding the plane. The president also told reporters that he thought the decision was the right one.

answer: The president of the U.S. called Boeing's CEO presumably to inform him of the U.S.'s intention to ground the 737 Max. After grounding the plane, Trump told reporters that he thought the decision was the right one.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to non-American countries.

answer: France's air accident investigation agency BEA will analyze black-box cockpit voice and data recorders from the crashed plane. France's announcement resolved uncertainty over the fate of the two recorders after Germany's BFU said it had declined a request to handle them because it could not process the new type of recorder used on the 737 MAX jets. Brazil, Mexico, and Panama are the first Latin American nations to suspend the Boeing 737 MAX. Panama's Copa Airlines had suspended operations of its six Boeing 737 MAX 9 aircraft until the findings are published of an investigation into the Sunday's crash.

text: The question's wording, "non-American countries", should be interpreted as "countries that aren't on a continent named America". Thus, Latin American countries shouldn't be mentioned.

refinement: France's air accident investigation agency BEA will analyze black-box cockpit voice and data recorders from the crashed plane. France's announcement resolved uncertainty over the fate of the two recorders after Germany's BFU said it had declined a request to handle them because it could not process the new type of recorder used on the 737 MAX jets.

text: The answer omits non-American countries mentioned in the article. Ethiopia, China, and Indonesia.

refinement: France's air accident investigation agency BEA will analyze black-box cockpit voice and data recorders from the crashed plane. France's announcement resolved uncertainty over the fate of the two recorders after Germany's BFU said it had declined a request to handle them because it could not process the new type of recorder used on the 737 MAX jets. One crash near Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, caused 157 deaths while another in Indonesia took 189 lives. China is among the countries that grounded the planes.

answer: China, France, Germany, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Panama, and Ethiopia are all mentioned as countries that have grounded the Boeing 737 MAX.

answer: China, France, Germany, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Ethiopia, India, and Kenya are all mentioned as countries that have grounded the Boeing 737 MAX.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about how to fly a plane?

answer: No answer

answer: The article does not say anything about how to fly a plane.


split: test

text:
“I don’t play with female gamers,” says Tyler “Ninja” Blevins, Twitch’s biggest streamer and one of the faces of the _Fortnite_ fandom. This edict may be surprising to hear, especially as emphatically as Blevins said it when we spoke at a recent Samsung event.

Though Blevins isn’t shy about being married, and his more than 10 million subscribers include people of every gender identity, the internet’s love of gossip has convinced the Twitch star not to invite women to participate in his __ _Fortnite Battle Royale_ livestreams. With fame comes scrutiny of every thing you say or do, he suggested, and that can sometimes lead to questions about who you’re sleeping or flirting with on the sly.

“If I have one conversation with one female streamer where we’re playing with one another, and even if there’s a hint of flirting, that is going to be taken and going to be put on every single video and be clickbait forever,” Blevins told Polygon.

There’s some truth to the idea that flirting can lead to YouTube clickbait and invasive questions — Blevins has asked some himself when playing with other well-known (male) streamers. Take the clip below, from a Twitch stream with _Fortnite_ star Ali “Myth” Kabbani.

Imane “Pokimane” Anys is another big name on Twitch whose popularity grew rapidly over the last year, and when she started playing _Fortnite_ on streams with Kabbani, viewers began to ask: Are they dating? Fans assume Twitch streamers are in a relationship just as often as they speculate on their marital status. And that apparently includes Blevins, who used his mega-platform to further perpetuate that rumor.

Whether or not it’s true that Anys and Kabbani are together is, obviously, their business. But when it comes to his relationship with streamer Jessica “Jghosty” Blevins, who often appears on her husband’s channel, Blevins is happy to open up about his devotion.

“[Not being connected to other women online,] that was something I made 100-percent sure,” he said. It was his decision alone to keep his streaming partners men-only. “That was not even her. She had nothing to do with it. That was me being, ‘I love our relationship,’ and, ‘No — I’m not even gonna put you through that.’”

A growing Twitch means a diminishing sense of privacy, especially for women on the platform. Female streamers have opened up before about the difficulty in maintaining a separation between their Twitch personas and who they are offline — often at the behest of viewers who demand answers, lest they assume what’s going on for themselves.

Respect is a major part of playing _Fortnite_ and other games. Yet women often are the receiving end of anything but: “Twitch thots,” harassment, warding off obsessive or judgmental viewers are all serious concerns for well-known female streamers. In contrast to the reality of being a woman on Twitch, Blevins’ choice to draw a line feels like a conservative gesture — even a familiar, divisive one.

“There hasn’t been a single female gamer or streamer on Twitch or anything like that who’s been upset about that,” he said of possible pushback. “I honestly think that [...] it’s just kinda like a respect thing.”

Ninja may not hear criticism of his decision, but similar gender-based views have received pushback in the political sphere — think of the outcry surrounding Vice President Mike Pence’s supposed marital boundaries. Still, the Twitch streamer is sticking to his absolute, which he believes is the only choice.

“The only way to avoid that [gossip] is to not play with them at all.”

UPDATE: Ninja has since responded to — and stood by — his comments to us on Twitter. Read more in our follow-up story.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the mentality of livestream viewers that Blevins is trying to deal with.

answer: Enduring scrutiny and gossip from others is leading Ninja to not play with female gamers in his livestreams, in order to protect his personal relationships and avoid accusations of impropriety. Viewers often speculate about what is going on behind the scenes of a livestream, and thus Blevins is attempting to keep his streaming environment as private as possible by abstaining from interaction with women.

text: Great answer, really well formed, except it does not answer the question, which was about the viewers, not Blevin.

refinement: Based on the article, it appears that livestream viewers tend to focus more on the streamer as opposed to the content being streamed. Since they like to prod for information, give harassing comments, and seem to spread gossip a lot, then it can be said that the actual game content of a stream is not as important as the celebrity factor. So it can be said that livestream viewers want to see drama, gossip, or content wherein they can instigate any form of strong emotional reaction from the streamers --this is the basis of Blevin's choice to not play with female gamers.

answer: Based on the article, it appears that livestream viewers tend to focus more on the streamer as opposed to the content being streamed. Since they like to prod for information, give harassing comments, and seem to spread gossip a lot, then it can be said that the actual game content of a stream is not as important as the celebrity factor. So it can be said that livestream viewers want to see drama, gossip, or content wherein they can instigate any form of strong emotional reaction from the streamers --this is the basis of Blevin's choice to not play with female gamers.

answer: Livestream viewers often assume Twitch streamers are in a relationship if they interact because flirting signals are naturally part of certain interactions between men and women. Knowingly or not, streamers can perpetuate this sort of rumor if they aren't careful because their whole relationship life online is playing out in front of a camera. Blevins chooses to not deal with this by not playing at all with female streamers.

text: Not sure what "whole relationship life online" means

refinement: Livestream viewers often assume Twitch streamers are in a relationship if they interact because flirting signals are naturally part of certain interactions between men and women. Knowingly or not, streamers can perpetuate this sort of rumor if they aren't careful because their online life is playing out in front of a camera, and that endanger their personal life. Blevins chooses to not deal with this by not playing at all with female streamers.

answer: Viewers often wonder about the romantic relationships between Twitch streamers and Blevins perpetuated rumors about the romantic relationships of other streamers he plays with. Blevins is disturbed that viewers would think so much about the private affairs of people he knows, even to the extent of forming conclusions about his own private life.

text: Add the conclusion to this summary

refinement: Viewers often wonder about the romantic relationships between Twitch streamers and Blevins perpetuated rumors about the romantic relationships of other streamers he plays with. Blevins is disturbed that viewers would think so much about the private affairs of people he knows, even to the extent of forming conclusions about his own private life. Therefore, he has decided not to engage with women on Twitch.

answer: Although many Twitch streamers deal with problematic issues on the platform, such as harassment and invasive questions, Ninja's main concern is the gossip among viewers that may result from one conversation between him and a female streamer. The mentality of viewers seem to be that if women are involved in any way, they are up for public scrutiny.

text: More detail is necessary on the views of streamers themselves

refinement: Livestream viewers often assume Twitch streamers are in a relationship if they interact because flirting signals are naturally part of certain interactions between men and women. Knowingly or not, streamers can perpetuate this sort of rumor if they aren't careful because their online life is playing out in front of a camera, and that endanger their personal life. Blevins chooses to not deal with this by not playing at all with female streamers.


text:
   The tumultuous waves crashed into the Caribbean-esque shores. With them, me. I stood up on the white sanded beach and looked out into the great blue yonder. The water was so blue and clear, I could've sworn I was in the Bahamas. A moment later, I smelled iron. "Blood" I thought. I ripped off my white cotton dress shirt and saw the the blood oozing out of the deep lacerations on my torso. Then, the smelled of something being grilled filled the air. "There's someone else on the island.
   I ran to the smell as fast as humanly possible. It was the most difficult thing I've ever done. I ran so fast my muscles started to hurt. I tripped over rocks and branches multiple times which exacerbated the lacerations. When I got to the barbecue all I saw were servants and a woman in a red dress. She was no older than me, twenty. After looking around, I collapsed.
   The next thing I remember, I was in a huge cave. Except, it didn't look like a cave. It looked like a regular home. I opened my eyes and saw the immaculate kitchen, it was like one you'd see in a five star restaurant. Annexed off the kitchen, there was a beautiful dining room. However, I got the feeling that it was just collecting dust. I was laying on a black couch big enough for two people and was snuggled up in a flannel blanket. I wanted to get up but I debated if it was worth losing the warmth. It was decided, I'd get up. As I got up, I heard a woman say "Woah, easy there".
   She was the most beautiful woman in the world. She was like something out of a Greek mythology tale. She had long dark brown hair braided to the side, warm brown eyes, and smelled like honeysuckle. She looked very Mediterranean. For example, she had olive skin and strong facial features. Her voice was soft and when she talked, it sounded like angles were singing. If I didn't know any better, I'd say she was Aphrodite.
     "What's your name," I asked.
     "I am Calypso and you are on Ogygia" she smiled. "After we eat, you can go home if you'd like".
     "Can I think about it" I said looking at the island.
     "Sure," she smiled. "Now go back to sleep, you need rest".
     A moment later, my eyes were closed.

                    *****
  When I opened my eyes, I saw her smiling over me, her teeth were pure white. How could I leave her?
  "It's time for dinner" she said playing with my hair.
   When we walked out of the cave, it was night. How long was I asleep for? The only source of light were the stars and the moon. Since there was no light pollution, you could see the faintest stars. It was beautiful. On the white beach there was a blanket and several baskets.
    "It's a beautiful out here. Is it like this every night?" I said looking up at the stars.
    "Yes it is " she smiled while looking up at the stars.
    The baskets had everything in them. Literally, you could think of food or drink and you'd have it. After dinner, we walked on the shores.
   "Will you stay with me?" She asked. I could hear a hint of nervousness in her voice.
   I thought about my life in the real world. I had no family, no friends, and no money. I had nothing. Why wouldn't I stay with her?
  "Of course I'll stay with you" I said leaning in to kiss her.

I hope this wasn't that bad. I'm pretty rusty. Please don't be to mean.

title: [FN, RO] Ogygia (Oh-gee-gee-ah)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What draws the narrator away from the beach?

answer: The smell of something cooking. The narrator thinks the smell is blood.

text: The narrator smelling iron and "something cooking" are different events, which the answer confuses.

text: The narrator's reason to run away from the beach is that someone else is on the island, which the answer omits.

refinement: The smell of something cooking. This tells the narrator that someone else is on the island, and he rushes toward the smell.

answer: The smell of something cooking.

answer: The smell of grilled food.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the woman.

answer: The woman is gorgeous and looks Mediterranean. She has extremely long dark brown hair and dark brown eyes, she smells like honeysuckle and talks like an angel. She looks like she might be Aphrodite.

text: The narrator likens the woman to Aphrodite, that she may as well be a goddess. The answer slightly misrepresents this.

refinement: The woman is gorgeous and looks Mediterranean. She has extremely long dark brown hair and dark brown eyes, she smells like honeysuckle and talks like an angel. She's so beautiful that the narrator thinks she may as well be Aphrodite.

answer: She is the most beautiful woman in the world. She has long dark brown hair, warm brown eyes, and smells like honeysuckle. She looks very Mediterranean.

answer: She is the most beautiful woman in the world. She has long dark brown hair, warm brown eyes, and smells like honeysuckle. She looks very Mediterranean. She has olive skin and strong facial features.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did the narrator get his injuries?

answer: It is not stated.

text: The story mentions the narrator running on the beach so fast that he gets cut and bruised by rocks and branches.

refinement: The narrator runs on the beach so fast that he gets cut and bruised by rocks and branches.

answer: It is implied that he was shipwrecked.


text:
Washington D.C. — In November 2015, the Free Thought Project reported that Mikhail Lesin, the former head of media affairs for the Russian government, and the founder of Russia Today (RT), was found dead in the hotel room that he was staying at in Washington DC.

Originally, authorities announced that Lesin died from a heart attack. However, the results of his autopsy released months later indicated a far more sinister cause of death and the heavily redacted FBI documents that were just released add to that story.

The documents, detailing the FBI investigation into Lesin’s death were just released Saturday morning in spite of the investigation ending in October of 2016.

In spite of the original cause of death noted as a heart attack, a few months later, the District of Colombia’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) and Metropolitan Police Department said that “blunt force injuries of the neck, torso, upper extremities and lower extremities” contributed to Lesin’s death. “The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) has released the cause and manner of death for Mikhail Lesin… Cause of Death: blunt force injuries of the head,” the statement said.

Now, FBI investigators have released the results of their investigation claiming that the blunt force trauma all over his body was self-inflicted.

“Mr. Lesin died as a result of blunt for injuries to his head, with contributing causes being blunt force injuries of the neck, torso, upper extremities, and lower extremities, which were induced by falls, with acute ethanol intoxication,” the report states.

In other words, the FBI is claiming that Lesin got so drunk that he repeatedly and violently fell on things until he killed himself.

To show just how much information the FBI is willing to release on these findings, here is the version of the amended autopsy report they released in the report.

[RT]

[rt]

Essentially, all other information in regards to the findings of Lesin’s death has been scrubbed from the documents as the remaining pages are almost entirely redacted.

Not only did the US remain tight-lipped on the investigation but they also refused to allow Russian authorities to cooperate.

As RT reports, back in 2016, months before the closing of the case, Moscow said it was expecting Washington to explain why Russia had not received any details from the probe into Lesin’s death, despite repeated requests.

_“We are awaiting the related clarifications from Washington and the official data on the progress of the investigation,”_ Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova wrote in a Facebook post at that time. She added that if the media reports citing the forensic statement are confirmed, Russia will send an official request to the US_ “for international legal assistance.”_

In October 2016, the US authorities announced that Lesin died of natural causes and closed the case. _“Based on the evidence, including video footage and witness interviews, Mr. Lesin entered his hotel room on the morning of Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2015, after days of excessive consumption of alcohol and sustained the injuries that resulted in his death while alone in his hotel room,”_ the US attorney for the District of Columbia said in a statement.

Lesin’s death came at a time where he was surrounded by controversy, especially in the US. RT, the Russian-based news source that Lesin founded has become very controversial in the US—ostensibly for the fake Russiagate scandal—but in reality, for challenging the western narrative of foreign policy and privacy issues. Some US politicians have suggested that RT be banned in the US for “spreading propaganda,” while others have been blatant enough to attack Lesin personally.

According to the NY Times, until late 2014 Lesin ran the media wing of the state’s energy giant, Gazprom, before stepping down or, more likely, being forced out. He ended up in the United States, where he and his family owned properties in Los Angeles said to be worth far more than the salary of the former government minister.

Some US Senators, including Roger Wicker of Mississippi, had called for the Department of Justice to open an investigation into Lesin’s finances prior to his death.

Wicker was concerned that Lesin made too much money, something that was really none of his business.

“That a Russian public servant could have amassed the considerable funds required to acquire and maintain these assets in Europe and the United States raises serious questions,” Wicker said.

The original announcement of the heart attack back in November 2015 makes this case all the more ominous considering the fact that the medical examiner’s office also said Lesin’s body had blunt force trauma to the neck, torso, arms and legs too. How did authorities overlook his wounds?

As RT reports, Lesin was considered one of the most influential figures in the Russian media landscape. A graduate of Moscow State University with a degree in Civil Engineering, he served as Minister of Press and Mass Media from 1999 to 2004. He was also a presidential media adviser from 2004 to 2009. Lesin became chief executive officer at Garprom-Media in 2013 and remained in the position until early 2015.

Sponsored Content:

[]

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why is it hard for critics to accept that Mikhail Lesin killed himself?

answer: Critics are skeptical that Lesin killed himself because the cause of death listed was blunt force trauma and there were concerns that he was making too much money. There is no clear evidence to suggest that it was suicide, leading people to believe that Lesin was murdered.

answer: Critics find it difficult to believe that Lesin killed himself because his body was found to have blunt force trauma all over it. Due to his influential career and controversial media presence, some believe that Lesin may have been killed for reasons other than suicide.

answer: He was the founder of Russia Today, so people wonder if a politics death was being covered up.

text: "politics" - replace with "political"

refinement: He was the founder of Russia Today, so people wonder if a political death was being covered up.

text: Must mention the way he died and the questionable injuries found on him.

refinement: Authorities originally announced that Lesin died from a heart attack. However, the results of his autopsy released months later indicated that the cause of death was blunt force trauma. Lesin had blunt force injuries to the neck, torso, and extremities (upper and lower). The FBI stated that Lesin died from self-inflicted blunt force injuries suffered when he got so drunk and violently fell on things until he killed himself. He was the founder of Russia Today, so people wonder if a political death was being covered up.

answer: Mikhail Lesin, the former head of media affairs for the Russian government and the founder of Russia Today (RT), was found dead in his hotel room while he was in Washington DC. Though the FBI claimed that Lesin died of a heart attack as well as self-inflicted wounds he sustained while drunk, many are skeptical as to why he would inflict repeated blows on himself. The report from the medical examiner's office that Lesin had injuries to his neck, torso, and arms also raises more questions than answers.

answer:
It is common knowledge that Lesin was surrounded by controversy at the time of his death.
All other information in regards to his death has been scrubbed from the public record.

text: The response is a little vague and needs more details.

refinement: The authorities originally said that Lesin died of a heart attack. However, the official autopsy report stated that he died of blunt force trauma to the head as a result of excessive ethanol intoxication. Lesin was reported to have blunt force injuries all over his body, and the FBI is basically saying that he purposely killed himself by violently falling on things, which is hard to believe. It is common knowledge that Lesin was surrounded by controversy at the time of his death. All other information in regards to his death has been scrubbed from the public record.


text:
BANK ZERO is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020.[1][2] The bank was founded in January 2018 and registered with the South African Reserve Bank in October 2018. Its focus is on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions – particularly debit card security. Bank Zero joins other new banks in South Africa, such as TymeBank and Discovery Bank.[3]

History

In January 2018, Bank Zero was founded by former First National Bank employees, Michael Jordaan and Yatin Narsai, and obtained a provisional banking license from the South African Reserve Bank.[4][5] The bank's focus would be point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and financial service security.[6] In October, after registering as a mutual bank in August, Bank Zero began trialing its services.[7][8] As a mutual bank, customers who hold “specific cash investment products” will become shareholders in the bank.[9]

In March 2019, it announced that it began testing EFT payments and other services.[10] Bank Zero had originally planned to soft launch some of its products at the end of 2019, but decided to delay its launch to 2020.[11][12] In November, Bank Zero announced that it had patented a debit card with additional security features.[13][14] Bank Zero uses IBM Z mainframe computers and LinuxONE,[15] a secure platform which can protect against data breaches with IBM's Secure Service Container.[16]

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, Bank Zero stated that it still plans to launch in mid-2020.[17][18]

Security

Debit card

In November 2019, a patented debit card which, instead of storing the card number that is embossed on the card on both the magnetic stripe, and in the card chip, would have three different card numbers for each: the embossed number, the magnetic strip, and the card chip.[19] This would allow Bank Zero to limit specific types of transactions to each card number. For example, the magnetic strip card number could only be used at an ATM and at a point-of-sale terminal; the card chip card number could only be used at point-of-sale devices; and, the card number embossed on the card could only be used for online transactions.[20]

The bank said, “[this] will dramatically minimise the negative impact of card data theft and card skimming.”[21]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

title: Bank Zero

question: What is Bank Zero?

answer: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020.

answer: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020.

answer: Bank Zero is a digital mutual bank that will launch in 2020. It focuses on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions. Bank Zero uses IBM Z mainframe computers and LinuxONE to protect against data breaches.

text: Too much detail--last line can be omitted.

refinement: Bank Zero is a digital mutual bank that will launch in 2020. It focuses on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions.

answer: Bank Zero is a digital mutual bank in South Africa that focuses on consumer transactions (point-of-sale, debit card, etc). It is scheduled to launch in mid-2020 despite COVID-19.

question: What is COVID-19?

answer: It is a pandemic that has also affected South Africa, no other details aside from this were provided, though it is likely that the pandemic has also affected other countries.

text: "Despite the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa" is evidence that COVID-19 is a pandemic that affected South Africa.

answer: COVID-19 is a pandemic in South Africa.

text: "Despite the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa" is evidence that COVID-19 is a pandemic that affected South Africa.

answer: COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected South Africa. Bank Zero has stated that it plans to launch despite the pandemic.

text: Bank Zero's plans to launch are not relevant to the question being asked.

refinement: COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected South Africa.

text: "Despite the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa" is evidence that COVID-19 is a pandemic that affected South Africa.

answer: It is not stated.

text: Incorrect--it is stated to be a pandemic.

text: Empty answer.

refinement: It is a pandemic that affected South Africa.

question: What kind of security does Bank Zero offer to its clients?

answer: Bank Zero offers a debit card with three different card numbers for each: the embossed number, the magnetic strip, and the card chip. This would allow Bank Zero to limit specific types of transactions to each card number.

text: "In November 2019, a patented debit card which, instead of storing the card number that is embossed on the card on both the magnetic stripe, and in the card chip, would have three different card numbers for each: the embossed number, the magnetic strip, and the card chip" is evidence that the card will have three different card numbers.

answer: In November of 2019, Bank Zero has patented a debit card that used a unique system for storing card numbers. This allowed Bank Zero to control the transactions that could be done with the card -increasing its security.

text: Formatting (hyphen into dash)

refinement: In November of 2019, Bank Zero has patented a debit card that used a unique system for storing card numbers. This allowed Bank Zero to control the transactions that could be done with the card--increasing its security.

text: "In November 2019, a patented debit card which, instead of storing the card number that is embossed on the card on both the magnetic stripe, and in the card chip, would have three different card numbers for each: the embossed number, the magnetic strip, and the card chip" is evidence that the card will have three different card numbers.

answer: Bank Zero offers additional security features on its debit cards, such as three different card numbers, to minimize the impact of card data theft and skimming.

text: "In November 2019, a patented debit card which, instead of storing the card number that is embossed on the card on both the magnetic stripe, and in the card chip, would have three different card numbers for each: the embossed number, the magnetic strip, and the card chip" is evidence that the card will have three different card numbers.

answer: Bank Zero offers debit card security.

text: Does not state how they offer debit card security.

refinement: Bank Zero offers debit card security by way of their patented debit card, which contains three different card numbers: one for the magnetic stripe, one for the card chip, and one for the embossed number. This allows them to limit certain types of transactions.

question: How was Bank Zero formed?

answer: Bank Zero was founded by former First National Bank employees, Michael Jordaan and Yatin Narsai.

answer: In 2018, two former employees of the First National Bank established Bank Zero.

answer: Bank Zero was founded in January 2018 by former First National Bank employees. The bank's focus is on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions.

text: Second sentence is not relevant.

refinement: Bank Zero was founded in January 2018 by former First National Bank employees.

answer: Bank Zero was founded by former First National Bank employees, Michael Jordaan and Yatin Narsai.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020. It was founded in January 2018 by former First National Bank employees, Michael Jordaan and Yatin Narsai. It focuses on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions.

text: Omits the key detail about its patented bank card.

refinement: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020. It was founded in January 2018 by former First National Bank employees, Michael Jordaan and Yatin Narsai. It focuses on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions. The bank provides a patented debit card that has three different card numbers, intended to minimise card data theft and card skimming.

answer: Bank Zero is a new digital bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020. The bank's focus is on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security. Bank Zero has patented a debit card with additional security features, which it says will help protect against data breaches.

answer: Bank Zero, created by two former FNB employees, aims to focus on consumer transactions. It offers a unique debit card system; and for clients who hold special cash investment products, shares of the bank. The bank is scheduled to launch in mid-2020 despite the ongoing pandemic.

text: "As a mutual bank, customers who hold “specific cash investment products” will become shareholders in the bank" is evidence that clients can receive shares of the bank.

answer: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020. The bank was founded in January 2018 and registered with the South African Reserve Bank in October 2018. Its focus is on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions – particularly debit card security. Bank Zero joins other new banks in South Africa, such as TymeBank and Discovery Bank.

text: The detail about other new banks is not necessary.

refinement: Bank Zero is an exclusively digital mutual bank in South Africa that will launch in 2020. The bank was founded in January 2018 and registered with the South African Reserve Bank in October 2018. Its focus is on point-of-sale transactions, debit orders, electronic funds transfers, and security of financial transactions – particularly debit card security.


text:
[Conservative champion: Kyle Kashuv has defended the Second Amendment after surviving a deadly school shooting.]

Conservative champion: Kyle Kashuv has defended the Second Amendment after surviving a deadly school shooting. (Fox News)

Parkland tragedy survivor Kyle Kashuv has emerged as a role model for young conservatives across the country -- and it was never more evident than this week, when he helped plan the largest-ever high school conservative conference.

Kashuv -- a staunch defender of the Second Amendment -- played a key role in the Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit, which was held in Washington, D.C., and attracted more than 800 students from at least 40 states.

“It’s great to see these kids here because these are the leaders in their high school campuses. These are the kids who are going to energize and motivate other kids to come out to vote and to volunteer and to push conservative values,” Kashuv told Fox News.

Kashuv – who will enter his senior year at Stoneman Douglas High School in the fall -- booked many of the speakers directly and played a role in everything from the attendees having dormitory accommodations to contacting media members so the event got coverage. He also served as the master of ceremonies, introducing nearly every speaker over a jammed-packed, four-day span at George Washington University.

“Kyle is a total stud,” Turning Point USA founder Charlie Kirk told Fox News. “He’s a phenomenal person, driven and mature beyond his years. He works his ass off.”

U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, Sen. Orrin Hatch and former White House press secretary Sean Spicer all addressed the students. So did Donald Trump Jr. and a variety of media stars.

Despite all the conservative star power, the attendees seemed to be as excited for Kashuv as they were for anyone.

[Kyle Kashuv introduced nearly every speaker at the four-day Turning Point USA event.]

Kyle Kashuv introduced nearly every speaker at the four-day Turning Point USA event.

Abigail Addi, a high school student from Queens, New York, traveled to the Washington, D.C., event because she is a supporter of Kashuv and his political views. She decided she couldn’t pass up the opportunity once Kashuv began promoting the event on social media.

“I met him last night. I was shaking, it was surreal,” Addi told Fox News. “He’s definitely a role model for me, and I’m sure for many other young conservatives.”

When Kashuv took the stage to answer a few questions from the audience on Wednesday, chants of “USA! USA! USA!” erupted. The crowd went into a frenzy anytime he appeared to hand out t-shirts, and teenagers shouted his name anytime he was spotted around campus. He received another enormous ovation when Kirk called him out on stage Thursday.

While he was essentially treated as a rockstar among the summit’s attendees, Kashuv considers the students his friends.

“I treat them like bros, like friends from school. I’m the exact same thing as them. I meme, I play Fortnite, I procrastinate to do my homework. I’m the exact same thing as them,” he said. “They can impact the world even more than I can.”

Speakers continuously praised Kashuv for organizing the event, but he returned the admiration by thanking the conservative leaders for simply giving him the time of day.

“People disregard high school kids all the time, but they understand the importance of these kids as the next generation of leaders,” Kashuv said.

[Kyle Kashuv was invited to the White House to meet with President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump.]

Kyle Kashuv was invited to the White House to meet with President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump.

Kashuv became nationally known following the Feb. 14, 2018 tragedy in Parkland, Fla. when 17 of his classmates were killed by a school shooter. While many survivors emerged as anti-gun advocates, Kashuv defended the Second Amendment at every turn.

“As Americans we all have different point of views, and it’s important to represent them all equally,” Kashuv said on “Face the Nation” in March.

Kashuv first linked up with Turning Point when he was approached directly by the 24-year-old Kirk following the Parkland tragedy. The young conservatives hit if off immediately and Kashuv was offered a chance to help TPUSA on the spot.

“He brought this to the next level. We had 150 kids last year, now we have well over 800,” Kirk said. “He deserves all the credit. It’s his thing and we’re proud to advertise it as such. Putting together these kinds of speakers is unbelievable.”

Still not used to the spotlight, he looked to friends backstage for reassurance that he properly introduced speakers throughout the event. Kashuv even joked that he had to use his own money to purchase a suit for the event.

Last April, Kashuv even escorted an adoring Nebraska high school student to her prom after she approached him on social media – but only after she collected the 5,000 retweets he required to be her date for the evening.

Kashuv was emerging as a conservative darling well before the successful event, meeting with President Trump and even discussing the Second Amendment with Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas – but the TPUSA summit gave him a chance to mingle with his peers.

Being a hero of the right isn’t easy. Especially for a 16-year-old who opposes the majority of his classmates' calls for more restrictive gun laws. Kashuv said he has received death threats, is bullied at school, has been mistreated by teachers and receives endless criticism on social media – simply for coming out as a conservative.

“I couldn’t care less. The reason why I’m doing what I am today is not because I wanted to. It is because there was a necessity for someone to do it,” he said.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the main news event.

answer: After the deadly shooting in Parkland, one of the survivors, Kyle Kashuv has become a role model for many young conservatives. He has helped plan the largest high-school conservative conference defending the Second Amendment. While there were many speakers at the conference, Kashuv was treated like a rockstar among the summit attendees. Despite many anti-gun advocates emerging after the school shooting, Kashuv defended the Second Amendment at every turn. He explained it hasn't been easy being an advocate, considering most of his classmates are calling for more restrictive gun laws.

answer:
16 year-old Kyle Kashuv attended a school shooting with 17 classmates killed. He survived and later defended the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -the right to bear arms.
Kashuv organized the Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit being addressed by U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, Sen. Orrin Hatch, and other conservative luminaries.

text: The verb "attend" is not used for a school shooting since it, for anyone other than the shooter, is not a planned event. Adjust the first sentence to reflect this properly.

refinement:
16 year-old Kyle Kashuv survived a school shooting where 17 of his classmates were killed. He survived and later defended the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -the right to bear arms.
Kashuv organized the Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit being addressed by U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, Sen. Orrin Hatch, and other conservative luminaries.

text: Mention that the other survivors are against the Second Amendment so Kashuv's social situation is challenging.

refinement:
16 year-old Kyle Kashuv survived a school shooting where 17 of his classmates were killed. He survived and later defended the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -the right to bear arms.
Kashuv organized the Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit being addressed by U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, Sen. Orrin Hatch, and other conservative luminaries. As the other survivors call for more restrictive gun laws, Kashuv does not have an easy life.

answer: Kyle Kashuv organized and introduced speakers at the Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit. He was celebrated by attendees and played an integral role in bringing in high-level conservative officials, including Nikki Haley, Jeff Sessions, Betsy DeVos, and Sean Spicer. Despite receiving death threats, constant bullying and criticism online, Kashuv is committed to upholding conservative values in high school students.

answer: The Turning Point USA High School Leadership Summit was held in Washington, D.C. and attracted attendees from at least 40 states. Kyle Kashuv played a key role in organizing the event and served as the master of ceremonies. Numerous conservative leaders including Nikki Haley, Jeff Sessions, Betsy DeVos, and Sean Spicer spoke at the summit and the attendees admired Kashuv for his role in making the event possible. During the event, Kashuv received a tremendous ovation and the attendees treated him like a rockstar. Despite great criticism, Kashuv remains undeterred and continues to stand up for conservative principles.

answer: Kyle Kashuv, a survivor of the deadly Parkland shooting, is promoted a conservative champion due to his active support of the second amendment, and his planning of a major high school conservative conference.

text: Mention that the other survivors do not share his views and as such, Kashuv has more challenges to deal with.

refinement: Kyle Kashuv, a survivor of the deadly Parkland shooting, is promoted a conservative champion due to his active support of the second amendment, and his planning of a major high school conservative conference. The other survivors do not share Kashuv's views and as such, Kashuv says it is not easy to be an advocate.


text:
YU-CHIN CHEN is an economist and researcher at the University of Washington. Her research fields include international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics.[1] She has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration[2] and is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington. Classes she teaches include Macroeconomic Analysis, International Financial Monetary Economics, and Computational Finance and Financial Econometrics.[3]

Education

Yu-Chin Chen earned her bachelor’s degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. In 1996, she completed her Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.) degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. From 1996 to 2002, she continued her education at Harvard University and completed her Master of Economics (M.Econ) degree in 1999 and completed her Doctor of Philosophy degree also in economics in 2002, where her dissertation was on exchange rates and productivity.[4]

Research and career

From 1993 to 1994, Chen served as the executive secretary of the Hwa Yue Foundation, a charity organization located in Taipei, Taiwan that was founded in 1990 and has supported numerous Buddhist and charity projects across Asia[5].  During Clinton’s presidency, she served as a staff economist in the Council of Economic Advisors in the White House from 1999 to 2000. In 2000, she returned to her alma mater Harvard University as Advisor of Undergraduate Studies for the Economics Department, and a postdoctoral researcher from 2002 to 2003. From September 2003 to the present, she has been an associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Washington, where she is a Gary Waterman Distinguished Scholar and Graduate Program Director of the Department of Economics at the University of Washington. S [6] Moreover, she is a research associate for the Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for the National University of Australia[7].[8]. From 2005 till 2011, she has served as a visiting researcher and visiting assistant professor. She has served as a visiting researcher for the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank (2006), Reserve Bank of New Zealand (2006), and at Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan. In 2007, she served as a visiting assistant professor for the Department of Economics at Harvard University.[9]. She has also done extensive research on international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics and has published several publications. In 2019, she helped organized the inaugural Australasian Conference on International Macroeconomics.[10]. Her research includes “Can Exchange Rates Forecast Commodity Prices?”[11], “Forecasting Inflation using Commodity Price Aggregates” , and "“Accounting for Differences in Economic Growth”[12]

Grants

In 2005, Chen received the Royalty Research Fund Grant from the University of Washington.[13]

Publications

Her most cited publications are:

-   Chen YC, Rogoff K. Commodity currencies. _Journal of international Economics_. 2003 May 1;60(1):133-60. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 739 times.[14]
-   Bosworth, B., Collins, S.M. and Chen, Y.C., 1995. _Accounting for differences in economic growth_ (No. 115). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 225 times.[15]
-   Chen YC, Tsang KP. What does the yield curve tell us about exchange rate predictability?. _Review of Economics and Statistics_. 2013 Mar 1;95(1):185-205. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 127 times.[16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14] [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=yu+chin+chen&btnG=] Google Scholar author page . Accessed 19 May, 2020.

[15]

[16]

title: Yu-Chin Chen

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Yu-chin Chen?

answer: Yu-chin Chen is an economist and researcher at the University of Washington. Her research fields include international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics. She has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration and is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington.

text: This should include that Yu-Chin Chen earned her bachelor's degree, Master of Public Policy, Master of Economics Degree, and her Doctor of Philosophy degree at Harvard.

refinement: Yu-chin Chen is an economist and researcher at the University of Washington. She earned her bachelor's degree, Master of Public Policy degree, Master of Economics Degree, and her Doctor of Philosophy degree at Harvard.  Her research fields include international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics. She has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration and is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington.

answer: Yu-chin Chen is an economist and researcher who earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. She completed her Master of Public Policy degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1996. She went on to earn her Master of Economics degree in 1999 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2002 at Harvard University. Her dissertation was on exchange rates and productivity. She served as an executive secretary of the Hwa Yue Foundation from 1993 to 1994. She was a staff economist in the Council of Economic Advisors in the White House from 1999 to 2000. She has been an associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Washington since 2003. She is a research associate for the Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for the National University of Australia. She has also done extensive research on international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics. She has received the Royalty Research Fund Grant from the University of Washington. Her most cited publications are: Chen YC, Rogoff K. Commodity currencies. _Journal of international Economics_. 2003 May 1;60(1):133-60. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 739 times. Bosworth, B., Collins, S.M. and Chen, Y.C., 1995. _Accounting for differences in economic growth_ (No. 115). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 225 times. Chen YC, Tsang KP. What does the yield curve tell us about exchange rate predictability?. _Review of Economics and Statistics_. 2013 Mar 1;95(1):185-205. According to Google Scholar, this has been cited 127 times.

answer: Yu-chin Chen is an economist and researcher who earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. She completed her Master of Public Policy degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1996. She went on to earn her Master of Economics degree in 1999 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2002 at Harvard University. Her dissertation was on exchange rates and productivity. She served as an executive secretary of the Hwa Yue Foundation from 1993 to 1994. She was a staff economist in the Council of Economic Advisors in the White House from 1999 to 2000. She has been an associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Washington since 2003. She is a research associate for the Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for the National University of Australia. She has also done extensive research on international finance, macroeconomics, open economy macroeconomics, trade and development, and applied economics.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Yu-chin Chen's education?

answer: Yu-chin Chen earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. She completed her Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.) degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1996. She continued her education at Harvard University and completed her Master of Economics (M.Econ) in 1999 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree also in economics in 2002.

answer: Yu-chin Chen earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. She completed her Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.) degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1996. She continued her education at Harvard University and completed her Master of Economics (M.Econ) in 1999 and her Doctor of Philosophy degree also in economics in 2002. Her dissertation was on exchange rates and productivity.

answer: Yu-chin Chen earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Harvard/Radcliffe Colleges, graduating with honors in 1993. In 1996, she completed her Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.) degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. From 1996 to 2002, she continued her education at Harvard University and completed her Master of Economics (M.Econ) degree in 1999 and completed her Doctor of Philosophy degree also in economics in 2002, where her dissertation was on exchange rates and productivity.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about her career?

answer: Yu-Chin Chen has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration. She also taught at Harvard University as Advisor of Undergraduate Studies for the Economics Department and a postdoctoral researcher from 2002 to 2003. She is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington. She served as a visiting researcher for the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, and at Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan.

text: It's omitted that Chen is a research associate for the Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for the National University of Australia.

refinement: Yu-Chin Chen has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration. She also taught at Harvard University as Advisor of Undergraduate Studies for the Economics Department and a postdoctoral researcher from 2002 to 2003. She is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington, and a research associate for the Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis for the National University of Australia. She served as a visiting researcher for the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, and at Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan.

answer: Yu-Chin Chen is an economist and researcher at the University of Washington. She has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration and is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington.

answer: Yu-Chin Chen has served as a staff economist for the Clinton administration. She also taught at Harvard University as Advisor of Undergraduate Studies for the Economics Department and a postdoctoral researcher from 2002 to 2003. She is currently an economics professor at the University of Washington.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about her grants?

answer: In 2005, she received the Royalty Research Fund Grant from the University of Washington.

answer: In 2005, she received the Royalty Research Fund Grant from the University of Washington.


text:
HERMANN HESS HELFENSTEIN (February 3, 1916 - October 14, 2008) was a Swiss Naturalist, Explorer, Climber and Engineer too. He was member of the “Schweizer Alpen Club” (SAC in Switzerland) and “Deutscher Anden Verein” (DAV in Chile). He was notable for first ascents and exploration in Patagonia.

Career as naturalist, explorer and climber

He was born in Engelberg, a mountain village in Switzerland, where his`parents ran a hotel. He began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

[First Climbing Titlis North Face in Engelberg Swirtzerland in 1935 by H. Hess, W. Hoehn and O. Bolli]

In 1937, he emigrated to South America and in the South Andes Mountain Range he first climbed the Volcano Puntiagudo[1] with his partner R. Roth through the South Face.[2]

Hermann Hess led three expeditions to Northern Patagonian Ice Field. Two of them were for geological purposes, started from the east and was sponsored by the Swiss Geologist A. Heim. The expedition from 1939/12/15 to 1940/1/16 was integrated by H. Hess, A. Heim, W. Schmitt, H. Moser and H. Neumayer.[3] and the expedition from 1945/11/18 to 1945/12/31 was integrated by H.Hess, A. Heim, H. Smoll, A. Valmitjana and J. Studer. There he gave unknown and nameless summits a denomination, such as Cerro Cristal and Cerro Tronco climbing them for the first time.[4]

[Kayaking for the approach to Northern Patagonian Ice Field during the Geological Expedition from 1939 to 1940]

Hermann Hess led and sponsored a 5-month expedition[5] to the Northern Patagonian Ice Field from 1941/11/1 to 1942/3/1 starting at this time from the west with E. Hoffmann, J. Alig, G. Mani and the porter I. Vargas finding severe climatical and geographical difficulties.[6][7] In that decade he made also the successful first climb with R. Eggmann and J. Neumeyer to isolated Cerro Maca in 1944.[8]

[H. Hess, U. Lorber and H. Stehr climbing the main summit of Mount Tronador (3491 m) in 1963]

Return to Switzerland

In 1950 he married Frida Schwabe in Puerto Varas. They had two children, German and Roland and in 1960 he returned to Switzerland. There he climbed the Mont Blanc, Weisshorn, Matterhorn, Eiger and Piz Palü.

He returned to Santiago, Capital of Chile, in 1963 and undertook the higher summits of the North Andes Mountain Range with members of DAV W. Foerster, F. Oestemer, H. Janko and other climbers until his death in 2008.

[H. Hess climbing in the nineties]

[1] Potthoff, José Miguel. _Volcan Puntiagudo_. Chile: Andes Handbook, 2007. https://www.andeshandbook.org/montanismo/cerro/311/Puntiagudo .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[2] Hess, Hermann. _La Primera Ascencion al Cerro Puntiagudo fue Gloriosa y Dramatica_ Chile: Revista Andina N°48 Pages 23–25, 1945.

[3] Echevarría, Evelio. _Chile Andinista : Su Historia_. Chile: Ediciones El Mercurio, 1994.

[4] Heim, Arnold. _Südamerika_, Switzerland: Verlag Hans Huber, 1952.

[5] Gedda, Francisco. _Al Sur del Mundo: La Temible Ruta de los Hielos_. Chile: Sur Imagen, Taira, 1995. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTUu-8k0J0Y&feature=youtu.be .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[6] Hoffmann Ernst, _Das Inlandeis vom San Valentin_. Chile: Zeitschrift für Naturfreunde und Wanderer Andina, Pages 22-24, 1943.

[7] Della, Carlos. _San Valentin_. Argentina: Tecpetrol, 2010. http://www.tecpetrol.com/patagonicos/cuaderno10/cuaderno10.html .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

[8] Della, Carlos. _Volcanes Australes_. Argentina: Tecpetrol, 2010. http://www.tecpetrol.com/patagonicos/cuaderno15/cuaderno15.html .Retrieved 2020-04-06.

title: Hermann Hess Helfenstein

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the relationship between Hermann's childhood and his lifestyle to mountain climbing.

answer: Hermann Hess began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide. He began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

text: The answer is repeated.

refinement: Hermann Hess began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

answer: Hermann's parents ran a hotel, which is a proximity to mountains. He began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

text: "a proximity" should be "located in proximity"

refinement: Hermann's parents ran a hotel, which is located in proximity to mountains. He began climbing with his father who was also a mountain guide.

answer: Hermann's father was a mountain guide, and this experience ensured that Hermann was familiar with mountains from a very early age. This prepares him for his career as a climber.

text: Second line is unnecessary.

refinement: Hermann's father was a mountain guide, and this experience ensured that Hermann was familiar with mountains from a very early age.

answer: No answer

text: The article does state that he began climbing with his father.

refinement: He began climbing with his father, who was also a mountain guide.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
There are laws in place to protect you from being misled about the products and services you buy.

-   Creating a false or misleading impression
-   Examples of false or misleading claims
-   False or misleading advertising
-   If you think you have been misled
-   More information

Businesses are not allowed to make statements that are incorrect or likely to create a false impression.

This rule applies to their advertising, their product packaging, and any information provided to you by their staff or online shopping services. It also applies to any statements made by businesses in the media or online, such as testimonials on their websites or social media pages.

For example, businesses cannot make false claims about:

-   the quality, style, model or history of a product or service
-   whether the goods are new
-   the sponsorship, performance characteristics, accessories, benefits or use of products and services
-   the availability of repair facilities or spare parts
-   the need for the goods or services
-   any exclusions on the goods and services.

It makes no difference whether the business intended to mislead you or not. If the overall impression left by a business’s advertisement, promotion, quotation, statement or other representation creates a misleading impression in your mind—such as to the price, value or the quality of any goods and services—then the behaviour is likely to breach the law.

There is one exception to this rule. Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

Some examples of business behaviour that might be misleading are:

-   a mobile phone provider signs you up to a contract without telling you that there is no coverage in your region
-   a real estate agent misinforms you about the characteristics of a property by advertising 'beachfront lots' that are not on the beach
-   a jewellery store advertises that a watch 'was' $200 and is 'now' $100 when the store never sold the watch for $200
-   a business predicts the health benefits of a therapeutic device or health product but has no evidence that such benefits can be attained
-   a transport company uses a picture of aeroplanes to give you the impression that it takes freight by air, when it actually sends it by road
-   a company misrepresents the possible profits of a work-at-home scheme, or other business opportunity.

These are some of the most common types of false or misleading advertising reported to the ACCC.

Fine print and qualifications

It is common practice for advertisements to include some information in fine print. This information must not contradict the overall message of the advertisement. For example, if an advertisement states that a product is ‘free’ but the fine print indicates some payment must be made, the advertisement is likely to be misleading.

Comparative advertising

Some advertisements or sales material may compare products or services to others on the market. These comparisons may relate to factors such as price, quality, range or volume.

Comparative advertising can be misleading if the comparison is inaccurate or does not appropriately compare products.

Bait advertising

Bait advertising takes place when an advertisement promotes certain (usually ‘sale’) prices on products that are not available or available only in very limited quantities. It is not misleading if the business is upfront in a highly visible, clear and specific manner about the particular product ‘on sale’ being in short supply or on sale for a limited time.

Environmental (‘green’) claims

Environmental claims may appear on small household products such as nappies, toilet paper, cleaners and detergents through to major white goods and appliances. They may include statements about environmental sustainability, recycling, energy and water efficiency or impact on animals and the natural environment, for example 'green', 'environmentally safe' or 'fully recycled'.

Businesses making these claims must be able to substantiate them.

Country of origin
Drip pricing
Organic claims
Prices & receipts
Social media
Your consumer rights – environmental claims
Your consumer rights – Indigenous art and craft

Share

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize how businesses might make an incorrect or false statement in advertising.

answer: There are two types of statements - those relating to the product or service and those in terms of comparative claims. Some examples made in an inaccurate way include not disclosing that the available product is different from another claimed product or the like. The issue of availability also causes a problem in advertising because the available stock might be less than the advertised amount. This can be related to pricing and create confusion when the context is highly variable.

text: I would delete 'his can be related to pricing and create confusion when the context is highly variable' as it is not stated.

refinement: There are two types of statements - those relating to the product or service and those in terms of comparative claims. Some examples made in an inaccurate way include not disclosing that the available product is different from another claimed product or the like. The issue of availability also causes a problem in advertising because the available stock might be less than the advertised amount.

answer: Businesses are barred from making false claims about any aspect of the product. That includes the superficial and cosmetic aspects of the product, such as height or weight. It also extends to the functionality of the product-for example, a business cannot sell you a cell phone and plan knowing you will not be able to have coverage with it in your area. They also cannot tell you that something was sold for more than the price tag when it was never sold at that price by them. Real estate agents are barred from selling properties under false premises such as location-a home could not be shilled as a lakefront home if it is not in fact on a lake.

text: Lake is not mentioned, but a beach.

refinement: Businesses are barred from making false claims about any aspect of the product. That includes the superficial and cosmetic aspects of the product, such as height or weight. It also extends to the functionality of the product-for example, a business cannot sell you a cell phone and plan knowing you will not be able to have coverage with it in your area. They also cannot tell you that something was sold for more than the price tag when it was never sold at that price by them. Real estate agents are barred from selling properties under false premises such as location-a home could not be shilled as a beachfront home if it is not in fact on a beach.

text: Rather 'product - for' than 'product-for ' and 'location - a' than 'location-a'.

refinement: Businesses are barred from making false claims about any aspect of the product. That includes the superficial and cosmetic aspects of the product, such as height or weight. It also extends to the functionality of the product - for example, a business cannot sell you a cell phone and plan knowing you will not be able to have coverage with it in your area. They also cannot tell you that something was sold for more than the price tag when it was never sold at that price by them. Real estate agents are barred from selling properties under false premises such as location - a home could not be shilled as a beachfront home if it is not in fact on a beach.

answer:
According to this article, a business cannot make false claims about:

- the quality, style, model or history of a product or service
- whether the goods are new
- whether the goods are new
- the sponsorship, performance, accessories, rewards, or use of products and services
- the availability of repair facilities or spare parts
- the need for the goods or services
- the exclusions on the goods and services

text: Rather 'might make' than 'cannot make'.

refinement:
According to this article, a business might make false claims about:

- the quality, style, model or history of a product or service
- whether the goods are new
- whether the goods are new
- the sponsorship, performance, accessories, rewards, or use of products and services
- the availability of repair facilities or spare parts
- the need for the goods or services
- the exclusions on the goods and services

text: 'whether the goods are new' is listed twice.

refinement:
According to this article, a business might make false claims about:

- the quality, style, model or history of a product or service
- whether the goods are new
- the sponsorship, performance, accessories, rewards, or use of products and services
- the availability of repair facilities or spare parts
- the need for the goods or services
- the exclusions on the goods and services

text: I would add: 'They may also misrepresent the possible profits from some sort of work-at-home scheme, or misrepresent the environmental sustainability of their products. Finally, businesses may bait advertise by promoting sale prices on products that are in short supply or are only available for a limited time.'

refinement:
According to this article, a business might make false claims about:

- the quality, style, model or history of a product or service
- whether the goods are new
- the sponsorship, performance, accessories, rewards, or use of products and services
- the availability of repair facilities or spare parts
- the need for the goods or services
- the exclusions on the goods and services
They may also misrepresent the possible profits from some sort of work-at-home scheme, or misrepresent the environmental sustainability of their products. Finally, businesses may bait advertise by promoting sale prices on products that are in short supply or are only available for a limited time.

text: I would format the answer to make a sentence instead of just listing.

refinement: According to this article, a business might make false claims about the quality, style, model, or history of a product or service; whether the goods are new; the sponsorship, performance, accessories, rewards, or use of products and services; the availability of repair facilities or spare parts; the need for the goods or services; the exclusions on the goods and services. They may also misrepresent the possible profits from some sort of work-at-home scheme, or misrepresent the environmental sustainability of their products. Finally, businesses may bait advertise by promoting sale prices on products that are in short supply or are only available for a limited time.

answer: Businesses might make incorrect or false statements in advertising in several ways. They might make incorrect claims about the quality of a product, its history, its availability, or the necessary condition for its use. They may also misrepresent the possible profits from some sort of work-at-home scheme, or misrepresent the environmental sustainability of their products. Finally, businesses may bait advertise by promoting sale prices on products that are in short supply or are only available for a limited time.

answer: Businesses might make false or misleading statements in their advertising by exaggerating positives about their products or services, using misleading comparisons, promoting products that are not in stock or available for a limited time, and making environmental claims without proof.

text: I would add that they might make incorrect claims about the quality of a product, its history, availability of repair facilities or spare parts, or the necessary condition for its use.

refinement: Businesses might make false or misleading statements in their advertising by exaggerating positives about their products or services, using misleading comparisons, promoting products that are not in stock or available for a limited time, and making environmental claims without proof. They might make incorrect claims about the quality of a product, its history, availability of repair facilities or spare parts, or the necessary condition for its use.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some questionable tactics in business advertising that are still legal?

answer: Some of the most common types of advertising that may be considered misleading are false or exaggerated claims about the quality, style, model, benefits or exclusions of a product, unattainable 'sales', and environmental advertising that is not substantiated. Drip pricing, organic claims, and social media posts about products or services may also be considered misleading practices.

text: The answer lists behavior that is illegal.

text: It is omitted: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

refinement: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

answer: For example: False claims about the quality of a product or service.

text: Making false claims about the quality of a product or service is illegal.

text: It is omitted: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

refinement: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

answer: Bait advertising and environmental claims.

text: Bait advertising and environmental claims are illegal.

text: It is omitted: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

refinement: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

answer: One is that you can be sold a product under the assumed guise of its being perfectly usable without any additional parts or services. If a cell phone company offers to sell you a phone and nowhere does it state you are also getting a contract and/or sim card, the cell phone will not work, but the company is not obligated to make it work for free. Businesses can also deceive you by selling you a fish tank that does not work without a pump without stating it is necessary-it is sufficient to state on the packaging that a pump is sold separately. This goes for services (in the case of the cell service) and products (the fish tank example).

text: The answer describes illegal behavior.

text: It is omitted: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

refinement: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

answer: Some examples of questionable tactics in business advertising are bait advertising, comparative advertising, and green claims.

text: Questionable tactics in business advertising are bait advertising, comparative advertising, and green claims are illegal.

text: It is omitted: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

refinement: Sometimes businesses may use wildly exaggerated or vague claims about a product or service that no one could possibly treat seriously or find misleading. For example, a restaurant claims they have the ‘best steaks on earth’. These types of claims are known as ‘puffery’ and are not considered misleading.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what might happen if an unscrupulous company sells a weight loss tea without much scientific backing or FDA approval.

answer: If an unscrupulous company sells a weight loss tea without much scientific backing or FDA approval, they are likely to be misleading customers. This likely violates laws around false or misleading advertising. Customers could report this behaviour to the ACCC or pursue legal action of their own.

answer: This would fall under the category of false claims if the business cannot substantiate their promises. If the product promises to aid in weight loss but there is no evidence to support the claim, the user might be entitled to some money back. However, that depends on the fine print-a business can use that space to cite statistics that are either nebulous or true but unsavory or both. For example, they might say something with an asterik along the lines of, "three percent of users see a one pound weight loss in the first five months". Therefore the product does technically work according to their loose guidelines, but that's not a result with which very many users would be happy.

text: Should be 'asterisk' instead of 'asterik'.

refinement: This would fall under the category of false claims if the business cannot substantiate their promises. If the product promises to aid in weight loss but there is no evidence to support the claim, the user might be entitled to some money back. However, that depends on the fine print-a business can use that space to cite statistics that are either nebulous or true but unsavory or both. For example, they might say something with an asterisk along the lines of, "three percent of users see a one pound weight loss in the first five months". Therefore the product does technically work according to their loose guidelines, but that's not a result with which very many users would be happy.

answer: If a company were to advertise a weight loss tea without legitimate scientific support or FDA approval, the advertisement would likely be false or misleading. This might cause consumers to be misled about the efficacy of the product.

text: I would add: It is implied that people could sue the company.

refinement: If a company were to advertise a weight loss tea without legitimate scientific support or FDA approval, the advertisement would likely be false or misleading. This might cause consumers to be misled about the efficacy of the product. It is implied that people could sue the company.

answer: It is possible that people would sue the company if they spent money on the tea on the faith of the disclaimer that it might help them lose weight. If not, people likely will think the tea will cause rapid weight loss and most likely become a meme.

answer: If it advertises it as a tea that 'clinically proven to melt fat', this would be an exception to the 'puffery' exception as some fact must be inherent in that claim. Typically, 'natural' or 'organic' claims imply a scientific basis to the claim, and is looked at hypothetically, rather than a claim.

text: It is not said that 'natural' or 'organic' claims imply a scientific basis to the claim, and is looked at hypothetically, rather than a claim.

refinement: If it advertises it as a tea that 'clinically proven to melt fat', this would be an exception to the 'puffery' exception as some fact must be inherent in that claim. Typically, 'natural' or 'organic' claims imply a scientific basis to the claim.


text:
Government ministers have been condemned for spending five times more on no-deal Brexit "propaganda" than on helping local councils prepare for the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal.

On Saturday the government announced a £20m fund to help councils with no-deal planning and ordered every local authority to appoint an official to work with the government and oversee preparations.

But critics pointed out that the sum is dwarfed by the up to £100m that will reportedly be spent on a "public information campaign" designed to inform people about the consequences of a no-deal Brexit.

The £20m funding for no-deal preparations equates to only around £60,000 per council.

Labour MP Jess Phillips, a supporter of the People's Vote campaign for a second referendum, said: "It is a sign of how out of touch the government are in their efforts to force a destructive Brexit on the country that they are planning to spend five times more on no deal propaganda than on helping local councils prepare for the calamity of such an outcome.

“No deal is about as far away from the promises made by Boris Johnson and the other leaders of 2016’s leave campaign as it is possible to get. Then they told us we’d get a 'great deal' and we did not have to worry about the disastrous impact of no deal. Now they want to flood the country with adverts promoting a policy they all know is broken and will threaten public health, stability and even food supply."

She added: “The idea that £20m across the 343 principal councils of England is enough to prepare is an insult to our intelligence and to the hard work of public servants struggling with the consequences of the Government’s decision to force a vicious Brexit on us."

Inside Politics newsletter

The latest news on Brexit, politics and beyond direct to your inbox every weekday

Inside Politics newsletter

The latest news on Brexit, politics and beyond direct to your inbox every weekday

The Independent would like to keep you informed about offers, events and updates by email, please tick the box if you would like to be contacted

Read our full mailing list consent terms here

Andrew Gwynne, the shadow housing and communities secretary, also criticised the announcement, saying it offered "no new money and no new ideas for how to address the cliff-edge councils are facing".

He said: "Under the Tories, 60p out of every £1 that the last Labour government invested in our councils has been cut – with the most deprived parts of the country hit the hardest.

“This Conservative government is only interested in looking after the super-rich and cannot be trusted to fund the local services we all rely on. Labour will properly invest in our councils and we will always act in the interests of the many, not the few.”

 Boris Johnson's cabinet: Who's in and who's out

Show all 40

But Robert Jenrick, the new housing and communities secretary, insisted that the money would ensure local councils are prepared for Brexit on 31 October "whatever the circumstances".

He said:

“From Whitehall to town halls, everyone needs to be ready to fulfil our democratic mandate to leave the European Union by the end of October.

"Local government has a vital role in helping to make Brexit a success and it is absolutely right that together we intensify preparations in every community."

He added: “I want all of us – central and local government – to be fully prepared for leaving the EU on 31 October whatever the circumstances. I know that we can achieve this, by continuing to work side by side with renewed national focus and intensity.”

Dominic Raab says the British people were told about a no-deal Brexit during the referendum

The group's chairman, councillor Kevin Bentley, said: ”The government has listened to our calls recognising the central role councils play and that more resources are needed for their Brexit preparations. The funding announced today will help councils continue to co-ordinate their efforts.

"With councils already facing a funding gap of more than £3bn in 2019/20 it is more important now than ever that councils receive the resources they need for their on-going Brexit preparations."

But he added: "There remains information and advice gaps that councils are facing while helping their communities prepare, which need to be met by the government. Councils also need certainty to plan for their communities over the longer-term, such as on the domestic replacement for EU funding."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the main issue in this text.

answer: The government has been accused by critics of spending too much money on propaganda advertising a no-deal Brexit and not on helping local councils prepare for it.

answer: The main issue in this text is that the government is spending five times more on no-deal Brexit propaganda than on helping local councils prepare for the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal.

answer: The government has been condemned for spending five times more on no-deal Brexit propaganda than on helping local councils prepare for the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal.

answer: The main issue in this text is about a controversy about the amount of money being spent for the no-deal Brexit propaganda against the local councils having the money for the no-deal preparations to prevent economic crisis and bringing chaos to the nation.

text: Clumsy and difficult to read sentence

refinement: The main issue is about the amount of money spent on no-deal Brexit propaganda as opposed to ensuring that local councils have the money for no-deal preparations to prevent economic crisis in the event of a no-deal.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What message does this article send to other governments reading about this deal?

answer: Not too much is known about this

text: Doesn't make sense

refinement: That the UK will brace for a No Deal Brexit and hope that their local governments are sufficiently prepared.

answer: The message this article sends to other governments is that they should be more careful with how they spend their money, and they should be more considerate of their citizens.

answer: Not too much is known about this, though it does show that Wales is unified in their disapproval of Westminster and the Tories.

text: Doesn't answer the question

refinement: That the UK will brace for a No Deal Brexit and hope that their local governments are sufficiently prepared.

answer: That the UK will brace for a No Deal Brexit and hope that their local governments are sufficiently prepared.

answer: That the UK will brace for a No Deal Brexit and hope that their local governments are sufficiently prepared. The article also sends a message that governments care little about actually solving current problems with their citizens and are more focused on perpetuating stigmatizing labels.

answer: The message this article sends to other governments is that they should be more careful with how they spend their money and be more considerate of their citizens.

answer: The message is that it is important to be prepared for a no-deal Brexit.


text:
The 1997 SINGER AKAI CUP was held in Sharjah, UAE, between April 3-11, 1997. Three national teams took part: Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe.

The 1997 Singer Akai Cup started with a double round-robin tournament where each team played the other twice. The two leading teams qualified for the final. Sri Lanka won the tournament and US$40,000. Runners-up Pakistan won US$25,000 and Zimbabwe US$10,000.[1]

The beneficiaries of the tournament were Waqar Younis and Saeed Ahmed who each received US$35,000, and Aslam Khokhar, Israr Ali and Zulfiqar Ahmed (all Pakistan) who each received US$10,000.

Squads

Pakistan

-   Wasim Akram (captain)
-   Rameez Raja
-   Sajid Ali
-   Ijaz Ahmed
-   Shahid Afridi
-   Inzamam-ul-Haq
-   Saleem Malik
-   Mohammad Wasim
-   Mushtaq Ahmed
-   Moin Khan (wicket-keeper)
-   Saqlain Mushtaq
-   Waqar Younis
-   Mohammad Zahid
-   Shahid Nazir

[2]

Sri Lanka

-   Arjuna Ranatunga (captain)
-   Sanath Jayasuriya
-   Romesh Kaluwitharana (wicket-keeper)
-   Marvan Atapattu
-   Aravinda de Silva
-   Hashan Tillakaratne
-   Roshan Mahanama
-   Ruwan Kalpage
-   Kumar Dharmasena
-   Chaminda Vaas
-   Upul Chandana
-   Muttiah Muralitharan
-   Nuwan Zoysa
-   Sajeewa de Silva

[3]

Zimbabwe

-   Alistair Campbell (captain)
-   Andy Flower (vice-captain/wicket-keeper/coach)
-   Eddo Brandes
-   Stuart Carlisle
-   Grant Flower
-   Everton Matambanadzo
-   JA Rennie
-   Bryan Strang
-   Paul Strang
-   Heath Streak
-   Dirk Viljoen
-   Andy Whittall
-   Guy Whittall
-   Craig Wishart

[4]

Matches

Group stage

[5]

  Team   P     W   L   T   NR   NRR      Points
  ------ ----- --- --- --- ---- -------- --------
         | 4   3   1   0   0    +0.197   6
         | 4   2   2   0   0    +0.275   4
         | 4   1   3   0   0    -0.455   2

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Final

[1]

[2] Pakistan Squad

[3] Sri Lanka Squad

[4] Zimbabwe Squad

[5] https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/61003.html?view=pointstable

title: 1996–97 Singer Akai Cup

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the main context of this text.

answer: The text is about the 1997 Singer Akai Cup, which was held in Sharjah, UAE. The tournament was a double round-robin tournament, and the two leading teams qualified for the final. Sri Lanka won the tournament and US$40,000. The three national teams that took part were Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe.

answer: The text is about the 1997 Singer Akai Cup, which was held in Sharjah, UAE. The tournament was a double round-robin tournament, and the two leading teams qualified for the final. Sri Lanka won the tournament and US$40,000.

answer: The text is about the 1997 Singer Akai Cup, a cricket tournament held in Sharjah, UAE.