text:
Despite the name, Scotch tape wasn't invented by the Scottish. It was invented by a college dropout named Richard Drew from Minnesota who worked for a small sandpaper company founded in 1902 called Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, later known as 3M. The name "Scotch" itself has an origin story almost as interesting as the invention of Scotch tape.

Born Richard Gurley Drew in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1899, Drew spent a year at the University of Minnesota in the Mechanical Engineering program before dropping out. He paid for that time at school and his correspondence school course in machine design by playing banjo, and he included all of that information in his application to the open position of lab technician with 3M. He got the job and was set on the path to make history.

In the 1920s, a two-tone paint job was popular for cars and a headache for automotive painters. The two-tone look was created by painting the car one color, applying a barrier of some sort to the painted portion, and then painting the next section. In order to get around the difficulties of this type of paint job, painters and mechanics tested out different ways to achieve the look. Unfortunately, their attempts tended to be less than successful. Some automotive shops would glue newspapers over the already painted sections while others used tape to prevent paint transfer. However those techniques often left a sticky residue on the paint that was difficult to remove. Sometimes, it would even mean the painters had to do the entire paint job over again.

One of Drew's responsibilities at 3M was to deliver samples of sandpaper to local automotive shops for testing, where he often overheard workers who were painting complain about the problems with tape used for these paint jobs. The twenty-three year old then lab assistant got the idea to create a new tape that would create a seal so that the paint wouldn't get through and yet also come off clean without leaving any sticky residue that ruined the paint finish. Drew used the adhesive that 3M utilized in the construction of its sandpaper as a starting point. From there, it took him two years of experimentation with different types of adhesives that he applied to a crepe paper backing to come up with the right combination. Thus, what would be called "Scotch" Masking Tape was born in 1925.

The success of the Scotch Brand Masking Tape allowed Drew to move up the ranks at 3M. In 1929, his position as technical director at the fabrication laboratory allowed him to pursue another idea. Cellophane had recently been invented by DuPont and was being used by grocers and bakers as a neat way to package their groceries. However, there wasn't a good way to seal the cellophane with tape because the colored backing ruined the clear look. So Drew and his team of inventors worked to create a tape that used this clear cellophane as a backing.

G/O Media may get a commission

Unfortunately, the machinery that 3M used in order to apply the adhesive to the cellophane backing tore the material, and the glue that worked for the masking tape appeared amber on the clear cellophane. The team ultimately invented new clear adhesive and modified machinery to handle the cellophane. The new tape was called Scotch Brand Cellulose Tape, but it appeared that it might have missed its opportunity with grocers and bakers despite ringing endorsements from several test clients. You see, DuPont had introduced into the market a cellophane that could be sealed with heat. Nonetheless, despite missing their original target market and being released during the Great Depression, the Scotch Brand Cellulose Tape thrived with various home uses.

So this all brings us back to how the term "Scotch" came to be associated with 3M's Masking and Cellulose tapes. When Drew and 3M began allowing car painters to test the new Scotch Brand Masking Tape, one painter supposedly complained about the lack of adhesive on the tape. One version of the story claims that the painter asked "Why so Scotch with the adhesive?" Another version states that the painter said "Take this back to your Scotch bosses and tell them to put more adhesive on it."

Whatever the case, in the 1920s, the term "Scotch" was a racial slang term that meant something or someone that was cheap or stingy. Based on the feedback, Drew applied more adhesive to the tape and ultimately branded the tape with the pejorative "stingy" name of "Scotch."

If you liked this article, you might also enjoy:

-   What the Company Name "3M" Stands For
-   The Invention Nobody Wanted That Became One of the Top Selling Office Products of All Time
-   A Brief History of the Ballpoint Pen and Whether NASA Really Spent Millions Developing a Pressurized Version Instead of Just Using Pencils
-   Super Glue was Invented by Accident, Twice
-   Who Invented Duct Tape

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_Sarah Stone writes for the mildly popular interesting fact website_ _TodayIFoundOut.com__. To subscribe to Today I Found Out's "Daily Knowledge" newsletter,_ _click here_ _or like them on Facebook_ _here__. You can also_ _check 'em out on YouTube here__._

_This post__has been republished with permission from_ _TodayIFoundOut.com__._ _Image by_ _Daniel_ _under Creative Commons license._

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did the writer compose the structure of this informative article's narrative?

answer: The writer used three different components to compose this piece's structure: an important background story which is the inception, or beginning of the invention of Scotch masking tape, the salient details of Richard Drew's life and his work in the University, and the invention of the Scotch tape itself, from inception to conceptualization and the successful release to the populace.

text: The response states the different components but does not do so in the order they appear.

refinement: The writer used three different components to compose this piece's structure: the salient details of Richard Drew's life and his work in the University, an important background story which is the inception, or beginning of the invention of Scotch masking tape, and the invention of the Scotch tape itself, from inception to conceptualization and the successful release to the populace.

answer: The writer used an anecdote to illustrate the history of Scotch Tape while providing descriptive details and important facts. The narrative is organized chronologically and follows the development of the invention.

answer: The narrative structure of the informative article follows an origin story centered around Richard Drew and the invention of Scotch tape. The story begins with introducing Drew and explaining the situation in which he made the invention of the tape. The narrative of the article progresses by detailing Drew's method of experimentation and eventual success with the creation of Scotch tape. The article concludes with a brief overview of its success and how it got its name.

text: The response does not mention the development of Scotch masking tape.

refinement: The narrative structure of the informative article follows an origin story centered around Richard Drew and the invention of Scotch tape. The story begins with introducing Drew and explaining the situation in which he made the invention of the tape. The narrative of the article progresses by detailing Drew's method of experimentation and eventual success with the creation of Scotch tape and Scotch masking tape. The article concludes with a brief overview of its success and how it got its name.

answer: She takes the reader through the chronological order of the invention's history and uses corroborating evidence of empirical evidence.

text: The response could be worded better.

refinement: She takes the reader through the chronological order of the invention's history and uses corroboration of empirical evidence.

answer: The opening hook of the article teases the origin of the Scotch tape branding. With the reader now interested in the tale, the article proceeds to talk about the inventor of scotch tape, how the tape was invented, and what the inventor did later in their career. Once the entire narrative is finished, it is only then that the writer chooses to resolve original teaser -using its incomplete anecdotal tale as the concluding part of the narrative. By itself, the origin of the Scotch name makes for an interesting hook, but not a satisfying story due to the fact that the information it provides is inconclusive: the story being told is only supposed information. The strongest statement in the opening paragraph may as well be an outright falsification: that the origin of the name is as interesting as the origin of the product itself. So it can be said that the writer of the article turned a mediocre story into an interesting hook for a tale about 3M's Richard Drew.

text: The response includes unnecessary conjecture and analysis of the article's structure.

refinement: The opening hook of the article teases the origin of the Scotch tape branding. With the reader now interested in the tale, the article proceeds to talk about the inventor of scotch tape, how the tape was invented, and what the inventor did later in their career. Once the entire narrative is finished, it is only then that the writer chooses to resolve original teaser -using its incomplete anecdotal tale as the concluding part of the narrative.


split: test

text:
_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov.[1][2]

Plot

The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with. Victor promises her a long happy life, but in reality everything does not turn out as he thought. He understands that his feelings are not as strong as at the first meeting, and she, in turn, was ready for this...[3]

Cast

-   Inna Gulaya as Lena
-   Kirill Lavrov as Viktor
-   Yelizaveta Akulicheva as Barmaid (as Ye. Akulicheva)
-   L. Babenko
-   Oleg Belov as Friend Lena (as O. Belov)
-   Larisa Burkova as Firefighter's Fiancee (as L. Burkova)
-   M. Verezgov
-   Liliya Gurova as Maid in a rest home (as L. Gurova)
-   Natalya Zhuravel as Bus conductor (as N. Zhuravel)[4]

[1] В китайском Пинъяо прошла ретроспектива советского кино

[2] Скончалась художник по костюмам “Ленфильма” Галина Деева

[3] Долгая счастливая жизнь

[4] Долгая счастливая жизнь (1966) Full Cast & Crew

title: A Long Happy Life

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the director of the film?

answer: Gennady Shpalikov is the director of the film.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: Gennady Shpalikov is the director of the film.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: The director is Gennady Shpalikov.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: Gennady Shpalikov is the director of the film.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: The film is directed by Gennady Shpalikov.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was the film released?

answer: The film was released in 1966.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: 1966

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: 1966

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: The film was released in 1966.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

answer: The film was released in 1966.

text: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who are the main characters of the film?

answer: Geologist Victor and the girl Lena.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for both characters.

refinement: Geologist Victor and Lena, the girl he promises a happy life.

text: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer: The main characters of the film are Victor and Lena.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for both characters.

refinement: The main characters of the film are Victor and Lena, whom he promises a happy life.

text: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer: The main characters of the film are Viktor and Lena.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for both characters.

refinement: The main characters of the film are Viktor and Lena, whom he promises a happy life.

text: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer: It may be implied that the main characters of the film are Victor, a geologist, and a girl named Lena.

text: The lack of certainty is misplaced.

refinement: The main characters of the film are Victor, a geologist, and a girl named Lena.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for both characters.

refinement: The main characters of the film are Victor, a geologist, and a girl named Lena, whom he promises a happy life.

text: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer: Viktor, Lena, and Barmaid

text: The Barmaid isn't one of the characters mentioned in the plot.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for the characters.

refinement: Geologist Viktor and his love interest Lena.

text: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who plays the role of Victor?

answer: Victor is played by Kirill Lavrov and Kirill Lavrov.

text: There's an unnecessary repetition in the answer.

text: "Kirill Lavrov as Viktor"

answer: Kirill Lavrov plays the role of Victor.

text: "Kirill Lavrov as Viktor"

answer: The role of Victor is played by Kirill Lavrov.

text: "Kirill Lavrov as Viktor"

answer: Kirill Lavrov plays the role of Victor.

text: "Kirill Lavrov as Viktor"

answer: Kirill Lavrov is Victor.

text: "Kirill Lavrov as Viktor"

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This review discusses a Russian film titled A Long Happy Life. The Russian film is directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The film is about a geologist named Victor and a girl named Lena.

text: The answer should give a little bit of context for Lena.

refinement: This review discusses a Russian film titled A Long Happy Life. The Russian film is directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The film is about a geologist named Victor and a girl named Lena, whom he promises a happy life.

text: Director and title: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

text: Geologist and the girl: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer: A Long Happy Life is a 1966 Soviet film directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The story describes the life of a geologist in love and the trials and tribuatulation we brings him. It received acclaim from many critics.

text: The sentence about acclaim is made up.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a 1966 Soviet film directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The story describes the life of a geologist in love and the trials and tribuatulation we brings him.

text: There are some grammar errors and typos.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a 1966 Soviet film directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The story describes the life of a geologist in love and the trials and tribulation it brings him.

text: The "trials and tribulations" part is too generic. The summary should be a bit more concrete about the plot.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a 1966 Soviet film directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The story describes the life of a geologist in love with Lena and the broken promise of a happy life.

text: The summary can use another sentence. Continuing the plot would be adequate.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a 1966 Soviet film directed by Gennady Shpalikov. The story describes the life of a geologist in love with Lena and the broken promise of a happy life. His love wanes, but she is ready for it.

text: Director and title: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

text: Geologist and the girl: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with."

answer:
The 1966 Soviet drama named "A Long Happy Life" was directed by Gennady Shpalikov.

The story revolves around Victor, a geologist (played by Kirill Lavrov) who meets a girl named Lena (played by Inna Gulaya) on his way home and falls in love with her. He promises her a long happy life but things do not go exactly as he had planned.

text: Director and title: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

text: Geologist and the girl, plot: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with. Victor promises her a long happy life, but in reality everything does not turn out as he thought."

answer: A Long Happy Life is a drama film centered around the relationship between two people, Victor and Lena. On their first meeting, they fall in love, with Victor promising they will have a happy life together. However, the relationship falls apart, and Victor comes to realize his feelings are not as strong as they once were. The film ends with uncertainty for the future.

text: The information about the film's end is made up.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a drama film centered around the relationship between two people, Victor and Lena. On their first meeting, they fall in love, with Victor promising they will have a happy life together. However, the relationship falls apart, and Victor comes to realize his feelings are not as strong as they once were.

text: Director and title: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

text: Geologist and the girl, plot: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with. Victor promises her a long happy life, but in reality everything does not turn out as he thought."

answer: A Long Happy Life is a Soviet drama film about a geologist who falls in love with a girl named Lena. They promise each other a long happy life, but reality turns out differently. Victor realizes his feelings for Lena are not nearly as strong as they were at first, and she is ready for this rejection.

text: The promise isn't mutual. It was Victor's promise to Lena.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a Soviet drama film about a geologist who falls in love with a girl named Lena. Victor promises her a long happy life, but reality turns out differently. Victor realizes his feelings for Lena are not nearly as strong as they were at first, and she is ready for this rejection.

text: The article says Lena was ready for Victor's waning emotions, but it doesn't say she was ready for his rejection, or even that he rejected her.

refinement: A Long Happy Life is a Soviet drama film about a geologist who falls in love with a girl named Lena. Victor promises her a long happy life, but reality turns out differently. Victor realizes his feelings for Lena are not nearly as strong as they were at first, and she is ready for this.

text: Director and title: "_A LONG HAPPY LIFE_ () is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Gennady Shpalikov."

text: Geologist and the girl, plot: "The film tells about the geologist Victor, who on his way home meets a girl named Lena, whom he falls in love with. Victor promises her a long happy life, but in reality everything does not turn out as he thought."


text:
President Donald Trump’s meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday morning, in which Trump provided cover for Russia’s interference in the 2016 election, elicited some heated criticism from leading Republicans in Congress. This prompted an obvious question: Would Republicans put their money where their mouth is and actually use their power to punish Trump?

Well, House Speaker Paul Ryan was asked that question at Tuesday presser — and he made it clear the answer was no, at least as far as the GOP leadership was concerned.

Here’s the key exchange between Ryan and a reporter:

  RYAN: I understand the desire and the need to have good relations. That’s perfectly reasonable. But Russia is a menacing government that does not share our interests and does not share our values. And I think that should be made very, very clear.

  REPORTER: What could you do? You guys are a co-equal branch of government. What could you do to make sure he [Trump] doesn’t do something ...

  RYAN: Here’s what we can do, and here’s what we have already done — which is to put sanctions on Russia. ... We’d already put in place sanctions. If the [House] Foreign Affairs Committee or the Financial Service Committee — or the Senate Banking Committee — think that there are other sanctions that we have not yet put in place on Russia, I’m more than happy to consider those.

Note how weaselly Ryan’s answer is. The question wasn’t, “What are you doing to punish Russia?” It was, “How can you constrain Trump from cozying up even more to Putin?” That isn’t a problem that can be solved by new sanctions. It would require passing legislation that puts limits on the president’s power to change US policy on a whole host of foreign policy issues (like Ukraine or Syria), or block Trump from firing special counsel Robert Mueller and ending the Russia collusion probe.

But doing something like that would, of course, provoke a major fight with Trump. Ryan is so unwilling to do that he won’t even think about proposing such measures. Instead, he moves to the safer ground of hypothetical new Russia sanctions that may never actually emerge and that wouldn’t really constrain Trump from changing US policy on Russia.

This speaks to a vital point about the GOP’s “backlash” against the Putin meeting. Ultimately, congressional Republicans mostly care more about staying in Trump’s good graces — and avoiding a fight that could jeopardize their legislative agenda and anger the pro-Trump base before the upcoming midterm elections — than about the ways that Trump is taking a hammer to decades of US foreign policy on Russia and other issues.

Republicans in Congress simply place a higher value on party unity than on the foreign policy principles they claim to stand for. If they didn’t, Ryan would actually be talking about new laws to constrain Trump.

That isn’t a value judgment, or even necessarily a criticism. There’s a case, from the Republican point of view, for refusing to cross Trump even when he tramples on years of conservative orthodoxy.

But Ryan isn’t making that case. He, and the rest of the mainstream GOP, is trying desperately to pretend that you can be anti-Putin and pro-Trump. But Monday’s presser made it clear that’s impossible.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was Paul Ryan unwilling to partake in any measure to constrain Donald Trump?

answer: Ryan is unwilling to take any measure that will cross Trump. This is because it would cause a rift between Trump and the Republicans.

text: The response is inaccurate. Any measure to constrain Trump would provoke a major fight with him and his massive pro-Trump base before the upcoming midterm elections.

refinement: Ryan is unwilling to take any measure that will cross Trump. Any measure to constrain Trump would provoke a major fight with him that could jeopardize their legislative agenda and anger his massive pro-Trump base before the upcoming midterm elections. Republicans in Congress, Ryan included, place a higher value on party unity than on the foreign policy principles they claim to stand for.

answer: Because it could jeopardize their legislative agenda and anger the pro-Trump base before the upcoming midterm elections.

answer: He was afraid of a backlash from Trump's supporters that might jeopardize the upcoming midterm elections.

text: Needs to add some details about Ryan's refusal to constrain Trump.

refinement: He was afraid of a backlash from Trump's supporters before the upcoming midterm elections and he wanted to avoid a fight that could jeopardize his legislative agenda.

answer: He was afraid of a backlash from Trump's supporters that might jeopardize the upcoming midterm elections and impinge his ability to enact legislation.


text:
JOHN KENNEDY (born 1 June 1965) is a British DJ and radio presenter and podcast host, best known for his longstanding role as the host of the music show _X-Posure_ on Radio X and for the music podcast _Tape Notes_.[1]

Kennedy is cited as being the first to give radio play to numerous artists including Adele, The xx, Razorlight, Kate Nash, The Ting Tings, The Futureheads, Dan le Sac Vs Scroobius Pip and Mumford & Sons.[2]

Career

Radio

Kennedy initially worked as a disc jockey regularly holding club nights while studying at University in Norwich. Following this, he undertook a media course run by Community Service Volunteers in South East London where he was given the opportunity to begin broadcasting a music show from Radio Thamesmead (now RTM.FM). His show ‘Sharp As A Needle’ was named after the Barmy Army track of the same name was broadcast weekly across London and Kent.[3]

In 1991, Kennedy met Sammy Jacobs, a former pirate broadcaster and radio controller at Reading and Leeds FestivalsReading Festival, who had just obtained a restricted service license to operate XFM radio station. After taking on a slot within the Reading Festival Radio Presenter Team, Kennedy was hired by Jacobs for his new channel, XFM (now Radio X).

Radio X gained its FM licence and became full time on 1 September 1997 with Kennedy's first broadcast following in 1999. Kennedy is the only member of the current presenting team who has been with the station continuously throughout its years and hosts its longest-running specialist show.

X-Posure

Kennedy is the presenter of the new music show _X-Posure_ on Radio X, currently broadcasting on Friday and Saturday nights from 11pm to 2pm.[4] The show introduces music from up-and-coming artists primarily, although not exclusively, from alternative and indie styles, and regularly includes live sessions and interviews.

Over the years the show has featured a huge range of artists and Kennedy has been credited with discovering countless musicians who have gone on to find success, including the likes of Adele, The xx, Razorlight, Kate Nash, The Ting Tings, The Futureheads, Dan Le Sac Vs Scroobius Pip and Mumford & Sons.[5] The _Independent_ described the show as one of the “most eclectic...on British radio”.[6]

Compere

As well as filling sixteen hours of airtime with new music each week, Kennedy supports new talent with regular X-Posure music nights across London, often taking place at Ben Lovett’s (Mumford and Sons) venue Omera. The nights showcase artists in the same vein as his radio show.

In 2016, Kennedy hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer, an eight-hour event featuring up to ten up and coming bands at The Camden Barfly in North West London.[7] To celebrate 20 years of _X-Posure_ Kennedy hosted another all-day gig, the X-Posure Summer Party. The event made use of Flat Iron Square’s three on-site venues, The Omera, The Outdoor Garden Stage and Apres, and featured artists including Mystery Jets, Temples, Babeheaven and APRE as well as DJ sets from Kennedy as well as fellow Radio X presenter Jack Wood.[8]

From 2009 to 2016 Kennedy compered the Quarry Stage and the Laurel Lounge at In The Woods Festival in Kent, a festival promoting the discovery of artists. Since 2017 Kennedy has hosted the latest output from In The Woods, the music production podcast Tape Notes.[9][10]

Podcasts

Kennedy is the host of the podcast Tape Notes, a music production podcast in which artists are reunited with producers to discuss their work together in the studio. Their conversations delve into every stage of the creative process, from the first spark of a song idea, through decisions on instrumentation and style, to finessing the final product. The conversations also feature early demo versions and stems from the original recording sessions.[11] The range of artists featured on Tape Notes includes the likes of Alt-J, The 1975, London Grammar and Kate Tempest as well as producers Dan Carey, Jim Abbiss, Simone Felice and Charlie Andrew.[12]

Among these, Kennedy has hosted two live episodes of Tape Notes, one at Latitude Festival with the alternative band Easy Life and producer Rob Milton, as well as an event at Miloco Studios with the duo Ibeyi and producer Richard Russell in celebration of National Album Day.[13]

Journalism

Towards the start of his career, Kennedy wrote a regular column for British magazine _Dazed & Confused_[14] (now _Dazed_)

Awards

Kennedy was awarded the _Time Out_ Live Award 2005/06 for his live DJ performances and gig curations as part of various X-Posure events.

In 2012, he was presented with the XFM Inspiration Award by Mumford & Sons as part of the radio station’s Winter Wonderland event. Before John was presented with the award video messages from artists including Elbow, Paul Weller and The Maccabees were shown.[15]

In 2016 Kennedy became the first-ever recipient of the Arqiva Commercial Radio Music Champion Award in recognition for his dedication to new and independent artists, dating back to the days of Radio X's predecessor XFM in the 1990s.[16]

Kennedy has been heavily involved with the Mercury Prize, the annual music prize awarded for the best album released in the United Kingdom, and has been a regular member of the judging panel since 2009.[17]

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title: John Kennedy (radio broadcaster)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about John Kennedy's early radio career?

answer: Kennedy worked as a disc jockey regularly holding club nights while studying at the University of Norwich. Following this, he undertook a media course run by Community Service Volunteers in South East London where he was given the opportunity to begin broadcasting a music show from Radio Thamesmead (now RTM.FM). His show 'Sharp As A Needle' was named after the Barmy Army track of the same name and was broadcast weekly across London and Kent.

answer: Kennedy worked as a disc jockey regularly holding club nights while studying at the University of Norwich. Following this, he undertook a media course run by Community Service Volunteers in South East London where he was given the opportunity to begin broadcasting a music show from Radio Thamesmead (now RTM.FM). His show 'Sharp As A Needle' was named after the Barmy Army track of the same name and was broadcast weekly across London and Kent. In 1991, Kennedy met Sammy Jacobs, a former pirate broadcaster and radio controller at Reading and Leeds Festivals, who had just obtained a restricted service license to operate XFM radio station. After taking on a slot within the Reading Festival Radio Presenter Team, Kennedy was hired by Jacobs for his new channel, XFM (now Radio X).

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What happened in Kennedy's life between 2009-2016?

answer: He hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer, hosted and curated the X-Posure Summer Party, and hosted the latest output from In The Woods, the music production podcast Tape Notes.

text: Remove the part about In The Woods - this is since 2017, out of the question's scope.

refinement: He hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer, hosted and curated the X-Posure Summer Party.

text: Remove mention of the Summer Party, as the 20th anniversary was in 2017.

refinement: He hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer.

text: Add the awards associated with this period.

refinement: He hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer. In 2012, he was presented with the XFM Inspiration Award by Mumford & Sons. In 2016 Kennedy became the first-ever recipient of the Arqiva Commercial Radio Music Champion Award. Since 2009, Kennedy has been a regular member of the Mercury Prize judging panel.

text: Add the compere work at the In The Woods event.

refinement: He hosted and curated the X-Posure All Dayer. In 2012, he was presented with the XFM Inspiration Award by Mumford & Sons. In 2016 Kennedy became the first-ever recipient of the Arqiva Commercial Radio Music Champion Award. Since 2009, Kennedy has been a regular member of the Mercury Prize judging panel. From 2009 to 2016 Kennedy compered the Quarry Stage and the Laurel Lounge at In The Woods Festival in Kent, a festival promoting the discovery of artists.

answer: Kennedy hosted the Quarry Stage and the Laurel Lounge at In The Woods Festival in Kent during those years. He hosted Tape Notes in 2017, an annual music production podcast.

answer: Kennedy hosted the Quarry Stage and the Laurel Lounge at In The Woods Festival in Kent during those years. He hosted Tape Notes in 2017, an annual music production podcast. He was also awarded the Time Out Live Award 2005/06 for his live DJ performances and gig curations as part of various X-Posure events. In 2012, he was presented with the XFM Inspiration Award by Mumford & Sons. In 2016, he became the first-ever recipient of the Arqiva Commercial Radio Music Champion Award.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What kind of programming does Radio X focus on?

answer: Radio X focuses on new music, primarily from alternative and indie styles.

text: Kennedy's show focuses on this, not the radio station as a whole, for which there is no information.

refinement: The programming includes Kennedy's show, which focuses on new music, primarily from alternative and indie styles.

answer: The article doesn't mention anything about the programming of Radio X.

answer: Radio X (formerly XFM) mainly broadcasts easy-listening/rock-oriented music.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about what John's passionate about?

answer: John is passionate about music. He is the presenter of X-Posure, a new music show on Radio X, and he has been credited with discovering countless musicians who have gone on to find success. He is also the host of Tape Notes, a music production podcast in which artists are reunited with producers to discuss their work together in the studio.

text: The first sentence is fair to surmise, but the second and third sentences are irrelevant when the context of the whole article is John's work in music.

answer: John is passionate about music and radio. He is the host of a music show, X-Posure, on Radio X. He is also the host of a music production podcast, Tape Notes. He is also involved with the Mercury Prize. He has won several awards.

answer: John is passionate about music and radio. He is the host of a music show, X-Posure, on Radio X. He is also the host of a music production podcast, Tape Notes. He is also involved with the Mercury Prize.


text:
TALDI is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Geography

Area overview

Canning subdivision has a very low level of urbanization. Only 12.37% of the population lives in the urban areas and 87.63% lives in the rural areas. There are 8 census towns in the Canning I CD block and only 2 in the rest of the subdivision. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta with numerous islands in the southern part of the region. The area (shown in the map alongside) borders on the Sundarbans National Park and a major portion of it is a part of the Sundarbans settlements. It is a flat low-lying area in the South Bidyadhari plains. The Matla River is prominent and there are many streams and water channels locally known as _khals_. A comparatively recent country-wide development is the guarding of the coastal areas with a special coastal force.[1][2][3]

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Location

Taldi is located at

Rajapur, Taldi, Bayarsingh, Matla and Dighirpar form a cluster of census towns in the Canning I CD block, as per the map of the Canning I CD block on page 333 of the _District Census Handbook_ 2011. Canning is not identified as a separate place in the 2011 census records. The map of the CD block Canning I in the _District Census Handbook_ for the South 24 Parganas shows Canning as being a part of Matla and Dighirpar census towns.[4]

Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Taldi had a total population of 12,459, of which 6,285 (50%) were males and 6,174 (49%) were females. There were 1,461 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate persons in Taldi was 8,399 (76.37% of the population over 6 years).[5]

Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Taldi covered an area of 3.4735 km². Among the civic amenities, it has 54 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved pressure tank and service reservoir. It had 1,540 domestic electric connections and 85 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools. It had 2 non-formal education centres (Sarba Siksha Abhiyan). Among the social, cultural and recreational facilities, it had 1 public library and 1 reading room. It had branches of 1 nationalised bank, 1 cooperative bank and 1 agricultural credit society.[6]

Transport

Baruipur-Canning Road links Taldi to the State Highway 1.[7]

Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.[8]

Commuters

With the electrification of the railways, suburban traffic has grown tremendously since the 1960s. As of 2005-06, more than 1.7 million (17 lakhs) commuters use the Kolkata Suburban Railway system daily. After the partition of India, refugees from East Pakistan/ Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata. The new immigrants depended on Kolkata for their livelihood, thus increasing the number of commuters. Eastern Railway runs 1,272 EMU trains daily.[9]

Education

Bankim Sardar College was established at Tangrakhali in 1955.[10]

Taldi Mohan Chand High School was established in 1949. It has facilities for teaching from class VI to XII.[11]

Taldi Surabala Sikshayatan for girls is a higher secondary school.[12]

Bahirsona Junior High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 2010. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class VIII.[13]

Healthcare

Ghutiari Sharif Block Primary Health Centre at Ghutiari Sharif, with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Canning I CD block.[14]

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[7] Google maps

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[14]

title: Taldi

question: What is Taldi?

answer: A census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text: Copy of text.

answer: It is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal.

text: Copy of text.

answer: Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station.

text: Copy of text.

question: What percentage of the population lives in the urban areas of Canning?

answer: Only 12.37% of the population lives in urban areas of Canning.

text: "Only 12.37% of the population lives in the urban areas"

answer: Only 12 million out of Canning's total population lives in the urban areas, 87 million out of 87 million live in rural areas.

text: Only 12.37% of the population lives in urban areas.

refinement: Only 12.37% out of Canning's total population lives in the urban areas, 87 million out of 87 million live in rural areas.

text: The rural areas does not have to be included in the answer.

refinement: Only 12.37% out of Canning's total population lives in the urban areas.

answer: 12.37%.

text: "Only 12.37% of the population lives in the urban areas"

question: What is the total population of Taldi?

answer: 12,459.

text: "Taldi had a total population of 12,459"

answer: 12,459

text: "Taldi had a total population of 12,459"

answer: 12459

text: "Taldi had a total population of 12,459"

question: What percentage are males?

answer: 50%.

text: "Taldi had a total population of 12,459, of which 6,285 (50%) were males"

answer: 49 percent

text: 50% males, 49% female.

answer: Males comprise a total 49% within the census town.

text: Males comprise a total of 50% of the population and females 49%.

refinement: Males comprise a total 50% within the census town.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Taldi is a census town and gram panchayat in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, in West Bengal, India. The town is located near the Matla River, and has many primary schools and health care centres.

text: The Matla River is prominent in the area.

refinement: Taldi is a census town and gram panchayat in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, in West Bengal, India. The Matla River is prominent in the area, and has many primary schools and health care centers.

text: It is significant that this town has a low level of urbanization.

refinement: Taldi is a census town with low urbanization in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, in West Bengal, India. The Matla River is prominent in the area, and has many primary schools and health care centers.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
" The Matla River is prominent..."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."

answer: Taldi is a census town in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, located in West Bengal. The town is served by a railway station on the Sealdah-Canning line as well as an array of educational, medical, and social facilities.

text: It is significant that the level of urbanization is so low in Taldi.

refinement: Taldi is a census town with low urbanization in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, located in West Bengal. The town is served by a railway station on the Sealdah-Canning line as well as an array of educational, medical, and social facilities.

text: The railway connects Taldi with the State Highway.

refinement: Taldi is a census town with low urbanization in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district, located in West Bengal. The town is served by a railway station on the Sealdah-Canning line that connects Taldi with the State Highway. The town also boasts an array of educational, medical, and social facilities.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
"Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."

answer: Taldi is a census town within the Canning I CD block of South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. It is connected by rail to Kolkata and has educational, medical and social facilities. There are several primary, secondary and high schools, as well as a health center.

text: There are 2 heath centres in Taldi.

refinement: Taldi is a census town within the Canning I CD block of South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. It is connected by rail to Kolkata and has educational, medical and social facilities. There are several primary, secondary and high schools, as well as 2 health centers.

text: The low urbanization in the area is significant.

refinement: Taldi is a census town with low urbanization in the Canning I CD block of South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. It is connected by rail to Kolkata and has educational, medical and social facilities. There are several primary, secondary and high schools, as well as 2 health centers.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
"Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."

answer: Taldi is a census town located in South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal. It has a population of around 12,500. It is connected by railway to Kolkata and there are several schools and healthcare centres in the area.

text: The low level of urbanization in Taldi is significant.

refinement: Taldi is a census town located in South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal with a very low level of urbanization. It has a population of around 12,500. It is connected by railway to Kolkata and there are several schools and healthcare centres in the area.

text: Healthcare centers and referred to as health centers.

refinement: Taldi is a census town located in South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal with a very low level of urbanization. It has a population of around 12,500. It is connected by railway to Kolkata and there are several schools and health centers in the area.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
"Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."

answer: Taldi is a census town located in the rural South 24 Parganas district of state of West Bengal. It is located near the Matla River and is well-connected with the rest of the district via the Canning-Baruipur Road. The major amenity of the town is a railway station on the Kolkata Suburban Railway, and the major educational establishments present here are Banksim Sardar College, Taldi Mohan Chand High School and Bahirsona Junior High School. There is also a primary health centre, run by the government.

text: Taldi has several amenities.

refinement: Taldi is a census town located in the rural South 24 Parganas district of state of West Bengal. It is located near the Matla River and is well-connected with the rest of the district via the Canning-Baruipur Road. One of the major amenities of the town is a railway station on the Kolkata Suburban Railway. The major educational establishments present here are Banksim Sardar College, Taldi Mohan Chand High School and Bahirsona Junior High School. There is also a primary health centre, run by the government.

text: There are two heath centers in Taldi.

refinement: Taldi is a census town located in the rural South 24 Parganas district of state of West Bengal. It is located near the Matla River and is well-connected with the rest of the district via the Canning-Baruipur Road. One of the major amenities of the town is a railway station on the Kolkata Suburban Railway. The major educational establishments present here are Banksim Sardar College, Taldi Mohan Chand High School and Bahirsona Junior High School. There are two health centers, run by the government.

text: Only one of the two health centers are run by the government.

refinement: Taldi is a census town located in the rural South 24 Parganas district of state of West Bengal. It is located near the Matla River and is well-connected with the rest of the district via the Canning-Baruipur Road. One of the major amenities of the town is a railway station on the Kolkata Suburban Railway. The major educational establishments present here are Banksim Sardar College, Taldi Mohan Chand High School and Bahirsona Junior High School. There are two health centers.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
"The Matla River is prominent..."
"Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."

answer: Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. They have a population of 12,549, of which 50% are male. Much of the population commutes from the suburban areas-which account for 87.63% of the population-into the city, many using the Kolkata Suburban Railway System. There are several colleges and universities in Taldi, as well as a major healthcare center.

text: Taldi has a very low level of urbanization. 87.63% of the population live in rural areas.

refinement: Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. They have a population of 12,549, of which 50% are male. Taldi has a very low level of urbanization - 87.63% of the population live in rural areas. There are several colleges and universities in Taldi, as well as a major healthcare center.

text: Taldi has several primary, middle, secondary and senior secondary schools with no universities.

refinement: Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. They have a population of 12,549, of which 50% are male. Taldi has a very low level of urbanization - 87.63% of the population live in rural areas. There are several schools and  colleges in Taldi, as well as a major healthcare center.

text: There are two health centers in Taldi.

refinement: Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. They have a population of 12,549, of which 50% are male. Taldi has a very low level of urbanization - 87.63% of the population live in rural areas. There are several schools and  colleges in Taldi, as well as two health centers.

text:
"Taldi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Canning police station in the Canning I CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."
"The Matla River is prominent..."
"Taldi railway station is on the Sealdah–Canning line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system."
" Among the educational facilities it had were 5 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools and 2 senior secondary schools."
"Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres and 3 medicine shops."


text:
 the side of cyberbullies, right?

Except there’s one question that didn’t occur to a single senator. What’s cyberbullying?

This isn’t exactly a new problem following the Court of Appeals holding in People v. Marquan M. that Albany County’s cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. The issue isn’t whether bullying isn’t a problem or doesn’t do harm, but defining what it is and doing so in a way that doesn’t violate the First Amendment. As Eric Turkewitz explains, that’s hard to do.

  There is, of course, lots of conduct that we can all agree is bullying, right?  A kid gets taunted by classmates for his less-than-personal personality, and it’s a no-brainer, right?

  Well, almost right. I mean, friends do this kind of stuff to their good buddies after all.  It isn’t just for enemies.

  But still, let’s say it is an “enemy” of sorts — two kids that actually hate each other. How do they know where the line in the sand is located as to what is legitimate and what isn’t?

  So if Kid A wants to say that Kid B’s support of Trump is “idiotic” or “moronic,” or that Kid B seems to be a clueless asshat for believing what s/he believes, would that conduct, if done online, be cyber-bullying? How about if it didn’t involve politics at all, and was purely personal?

  Don’t we have a right to call each other schmucks?

This, of course, doesn’t begin to scratch the surface of the problem, neither from the perspective of what is bullying to what is free speech. It’s one of those words that people believe they know when they see, but when put to the test of defining, come up empty.

So the New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A:

  12-A. CYBERBULLYING.

  1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:

  A. MINOR SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN.

  B. PERSON SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL.

  2. ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY ENGAGES IN A REPEATED COURSE OF CYBERBULLYING OF A MINOR SHALL BE GUILTY OF AN UNCLASSIFIED MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE OF NOT MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS, OR BY A PERIOD OF IMPRISONMENT NOT TO EXCEED ONE YEAR, OR BY BOTH SUCH FINE AND IMPRISONMENT.
  3. This act shall take effect immediately.

Notice anything missing there? No definition of cyberbullying. Not a good one. Not a bad one. None at all. It’s a misdemeanor to engage in a “repeated course of cyberbullying,” but what that might be is anyone’s guess.

Is the Senate trying to leave a huge, gaping hole for prosecutors to fill? Or maybe they figure that if the courts are going to be such constitutional sticklers, let judges come up with the definition? Is there any judge so ignorant of law that he wouldn’t toss any prosecution based on this law? Is there any judge willing to create a definition to fill the Senate’s gaping hole? It’s one thing to try to rationalize a statutory definition with constitutional limitations, but this one doesn’t stand a chance.

Turk makes the obvious legal observation:

  There is no point passing version 2.0 of a law that will one day be ruled unconstitutional.

Of course it will, as there is no other conceivable option but to hold this ridiculous attempt to criminalize cyberbullying unconstitutional. But there is, of course, a “point” to passing this shockingly badly written law. It enables senators to tell their constituents how much they hate cyberbullying, how much they love children, how hard they worked to craft a law to criminalize one and protect the other. And when those mean ol’ judges trash the law because of that loophole called the Constitution, it will be on their robed shoulders.

Hard as it may be to accept, law is hard, and writing law is very hard. Sometimes, it’s impossible to draft a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong because it’s subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances, and any attempt to define it inherently implicates the right to call someone a schmuck. And like it or not, we have the right to say words about other people with whom we disagree in America.

But this law is just a cynical attempt to game the emotions of the electorate, as it has absolutely no chance of passing constitutional muster. The senators didn’t even give it a try, and as much as they may not be the sharpest knives in the legislature, even they know that you can’t criminalize cyberbullying by defining it as cyberbullying.

The one thing they do know is that the voters won’t think any harder than they worked on drafting a viable law, and will kvell over their concern for the children. And really, isn’t the what law is all about, getting re-elected?

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the main news event.

answer: The New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A to combat cyberbullying. The solution was to make cyberbullying a misdemeanor. However, the solution did not include a definition of cyberbullying and left a gaping hole for prosecutors to fill. In a nutshell, the solution is an attempt to game the emotions of the electorate, as it has no chance of passing constitutional muster.

answer: The New York Senate passed a law that would make cyberbullying a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year. The law doesn't define cyberbullying, but it would be punishable if someone engaged in a "repeated course of cyberbullying." The law is written so poorly that it is likely to be ruled unconstitutional.

answer: The New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A to combat cyberbullying. The solution was to make cyberbullying a misdemeanor. However, the solution did not include a definition of cyberbullying and left a gaping hole for prosecutors to fill. In a nutshell, the solution is an attempt to game the emotions of the electorate, as it has no chance of passing constitutional muster.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about cyberbullying?

answer: The text doesn't say much about cyberbullying, but it can be inferred that cyberbullying is the act of taunting or bullying someone through the internet or computer. Cyberbullying is a crime in New York, but the law defining it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation. The New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A, but it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation.

text: The answer needlessly repeats the vagueness of the law.

refinement: The text doesn't say much about cyberbullying, but it can be inferred that cyberbullying is the act of taunting or bullying someone through the internet or computer. Cyberbullying is a crime in New York, but the law defining it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation.

text: The entire article is about how difficult it is to label certain behavior as "cyberbullying" as opposed to expressing opinions, how difficult it is to define cyberbullying. There isn't any ground to infer a definition for it.

refinement: Cyberbullying is something we think we can identify when we see it, but how exactly is it bullying as opposed to an expression of opinion? Cyberbullying is a crime in New York, but the law defining it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation.

text: The article talks about how the law doesn't define cyberbullying at all. There isn't even a vague definition.

refinement: Cyberbullying is something we think we can identify when we see it, but how exactly is it bullying as opposed to an expression of opinion? Cyberbullying is a crime in New York, but the law criminalizing it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation. There is literally no definition of it in the law.

answer: Cyberbullying is the act of using technology to harass or intimidate. The New York Senate is trying to pass a law that would criminalize cyberbullying. However, the law is vague and does not include a definition of cyberbullying.

answer: The text doesn't say much about cyberbullying, but it can be inferred that cyberbullying is the act of taunting or bullying someone through the internet or computer. Cyberbullying is a crime in New York, but the law defining it is vague and leaves a lot of room for interpretation.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the New York Senate's approach to lawmaking.

answer: The New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A. The bill is 12-A. Cyberbullying. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: A. MINOR SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN. B. PERSON SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL. 2. ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY ENGAGES IN A REPEATED COURSE OF CYBERBULLYING OF A MINOR SHALL BE GUILTY OF AN UNCLASSIFIED MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE OF NOT MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS, OR BY A PERIOD OF IMPRISONMENT NOT TO EXCEED ONE YEAR, OR BY BOTH SUCH FINE AND IMPRISONMENT. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. Notice anything missing there? No definition of cyberbullying. Not a good one. Not a bad one. None at all. It’s a misdemeanor to engage in a “repeated course of cyberbullying,” but what that might be is anyone’s guess. The Senate's approach is to leave a huge, gaping hole for prosecutors to fill.

text: The article doesn't discuss New York Senate's approach to lawmaking at all.

answer: The New York Senate passed a law with no definition of cyberbullying. The goal was to be able to tell their constituents how hard they worked to craft a law to criminalize cyberbullying, but the law is likely to be constitutionally challenged.

answer: The New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A. The bill is 12-A. Cyberbullying. 1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: A. MINOR SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN. B. PERSON SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL. 2. ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY ENGAGES IN A REPEATED COURSE OF CYBERBULLYING OF A MINOR SHALL BE GUILTY OF AN UNCLASSIFIED MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE OF NOT MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS, OR BY A PERIOD OF IMPRISONMENT NOT TO EXCEED ONE YEAR, OR BY BOTH SUCH FINE AND IMPRISONMENT. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. Notice anything missing there? No definition of cyberbullying. Not a good one. Not a bad one. None at all. It’s a misdemeanor to engage in a “repeated course of cyberbullying,” but what that might be is anyone’s guess.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the historical context around the news event.

answer: The New York Senate recently passed a bill criminalizing cyberbullying. In doing so, the bill does not specifically define what cyberbullying is, which is confusing for most as it does not specify if cyberbullying can be done against minors or not. It seems that the legislators are passing the bill to try to appear concerned about the youth without actually taking action to protect them.

text: There is no discussion of a historical context for the law in the article.

answer: The New York State Senate is considering a bill (SB2318A) that would criminalize cyberbullying. It is not clear if the bill was created in response to a specific event.

answer: The New York Senate recently passed a bill criminalizing cyberbullying. In doing so, the bill does not specifically define what cyberbullying is, which is confusing for most as it does not specify if cyberbullying can be done against minors or not. It seems that the legislators are passing the bill to try to appear concerned about the youth without actually taking action to protect them.


text:
[paris exercise ban]

France’s capital has banned daytime outdoor exercise while the rest of the country can continue (Picture: AFP)
All outdoor exercise between 10am and 7pm is now banned in the French capital after officials lost their patience with people ignoring social distancing rules.

Parisians were seen walking and jogging in groups in the city’s parks over the sunny weekend despite the threat of on-the-spot fines upwards of €135 (£120) for violating lockdown rules.

France has been under one of Europe’s strictest lockdowns for nearly a month, requiring everyone to have a printed form stating their reason for being outside every time they leave the home.

The rest of the country is still allowed out to exercise within half a mile of their address, shop for essentials, or see a doctor.

[French judoka (-66 kg category) Kilian Le Blouch (L) and his girlfriend French judoka Sarah Harachi train in the living room of their apartment on April 3, 2020, in Chatenay-Malabry, near Paris, on the 18th day of a lockdown in France aimed at curbing the spread of the COVID-19 (novel coronavirus). (Photo by FRANCK FIFE / AFP) (Photo by FRANCK FIFE/AFP via Getty Images)]

A couple, both Olympic judo wrestlers, shared their home workouts in Paris (Picture: AFP)
The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said the new rules would make people exercise ‘when the streets are generally at their quietest’.

France’s death toll has passed 10,000, the fourth-highest officially-reported figure after Italy, Spain and the US.

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The government’s health minister, Olivier Véran, said on Tuesday that the country is still in a ‘worsening phase of the epidemic’.

Spain, the second-worst hit country in Europe after Italy, has had an outright ban on outdoor exercise since its lockdown was introduced.

[A woman excercises on a bench on Pont des Arts in central Paris, early on April 8, 2020, as a new regulation is put into place asking people to practice their sports before 10:00 and after 19:00, on the 23thrd day of a lockdown in France aimed at curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus. - The city of Paris decided to regulate the hours of outdoors sports following a sunny and warm weekend that saw many citizens flouting the social distancing requirements put into place to curb the spread of the COVID-19. (Photo by Alain JOCARD / AFP) (Photo by ALAIN JOCARD/AFP via Getty Images)]

The daytime ban is intended to spread people’s outdoor time more evenly throughout the day (Picture:AFP)
An exception was granted for people walking their dogs, which led to a black market of pet-owners renting their animals out to others so they could go outside.

Parisians might now take inspiration from some of the viral social media clips showing the creative ways Spaniards have tried to maintain their fitness – such as gym classes delivered by an instructor on his roof to rows of people on balconies across the street.

Many countries in Europe are now plotting a course to end their lockdowns, and some have started easing restrictions.

People in the Czech Republic have had to wear facemasks outside at all times by law, but can from today leave home without one.

Some sports facilities such as tennis courts are now allowed to reopen as long as no more than two people play in a group, and shops selling certain non-essential goods will open from Thursday.

[Fitness instructor runs class from the middle of housing complex in Spain https://www.instagram.com/ursullinetv/ Picture: ursullinetv]

A fitness instructor in Spain ran classes from a rooftop (Picture: @sanosevillabermejales)
Denmark and Austria, which were two of the first European countries to go into lockdown, will start a slow exit from next week.

Denmark will reopen nurseries and primary schools from April 15, while Austria will allow small shops, DIY stores and garden centres to open from April 14.

The German government has drawn up an action plan to phase in a step-by-step return to normality, including mandatory mask-wearing in public, limits on gatherings and the rapid tracing of infection chains, according to Reuters.

However, the plan assumes the pandemic will last through to 2021.

Disease experts in a number of countries have warned that, until a vaccine is developed, there may be no way to end the lockdown without the virus spreading again.

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the motivation behind the exercise ban?

answer: The daytime ban on exercising in Paris is designed to evenly spread people's outdoor time. Officials are hoping by restricting outdoor exercise, this will lower the spread of COVID-19.

answer: The ban is intended to spread people’s outdoor time more evenly throughout the day while curbing the spread of COVID-19. The lockdown in France has been instituted to prevent an outbreak of the virus. With the disease continuing to spread, there's a concern that not enough people are abiding by necessary social distancing measures. The daytime ban is intended to spread people’s outdoor time more evenly while curbing the spread of the virus.

text: The first sentence is sufficient

refinement: The ban is intended to spread people’s outdoor time more evenly throughout the day while curbing the spread of COVID-19.

answer: The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said the move is about spreading people's outdoor time evenly throughout the day by increasing time taken up by the ban. She added that the daytime ban will decrease citywide health risks.

text: "by increasing time taken up by the ban" is confusing

refinement: The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, said the move is about spreading people's outdoor time evenly throughout the day by. She added that the daytime ban will decrease citywide health risks.

answer: The quote from the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, suggests that the new rules would get people to exercise when the streets are generally quieter.

text: This is to stop the spread of COVID-19

refinement: The quote from the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, suggests that the new rules would get people to exercise when the streets are generally quieter, which will help stop the spread of COVID-19.

answer: Officials lost their patience due to people ignoring social distancing rules. People were seen walking and jogging in groups in the city's park despite the threat of fines for violating lockdown rules. The country of France is (at the time of the article) in a worsening phase of the epidemic.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the response to the pandemic in nations besides France?

answer: A number of European nations have imposed lockdowns in response to COVID-19, however others, including Denmark and Austria, are planning to slowly phasing out the lockdowns in the coming weeks. Germany has drawn up an action plan with the assumption that the pandemic will last through to 2021. Disease experts warn that lockdowns may not be able to be lifted without the virus spreading again.

answer: No answer

text: Provide a response

refinement: Spain has had a ban on outdoor exercise since its lockdown began. Many countries in Europe are now plotting a course to end their lockdowns. People in the Czech Republic can now leave home without a facemask. Denmark and Austria will begin a slow lifting of restrictions next week. Germany has also produced an action plan to phase in a step-by-step return to normality, however, it assumes the pandemic will last through 2021.

answer: The pandemic hit many European nations. Denmark and Austria were two of the first countries to go into lockdown. The German government has drafted an action plan to clue in the return to normalcy. However, the government's plan assumes the pandemic will last through 2021.

answer: Spain, the second-worst hit country in Europe after Italy, has had a ban on outdoor exercise since its lockdown began. Many countries in Europe are plotting a course the end their lockdowns. People in Czech Republic can leave home without masks. Denmark plans to reopen nurseries and primary school, while Astria will allow small shops, DIY stores, and garden centres to open. The German government has drawn up a step-by-step plan for a return to normality.

answer: Governments in several European countries are now easing lockdown restrictions like in France, with plans to end the restrictions in place. Other countries, such as the Czech Republic, have implemented a mask requirement. Some countries, like Denmark and Austria, will reopen schools and small shops next week while Germany has a plan in place to phase in a step-by-step return to normality. Given this, it is clear that countries throughout Europe are taking different approaches to dealing with the virus.

text: Remove inaccurate and unnecessary information

refinement: Some countries, like Denmark and Austria, will reopen schools and small shops next week while Germany has a plan in place to phase in a step-by-step return to normality.


text:
PRIMOŽ (pronounced ['pɾimɔʒ]) is a high hill overgrown with trees[1], and is a part of a ridge separating the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It is located in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It has many marked trails and a macadamized road leading to its peak. There is a historical trail intended for tourists with many information signs around its peak. It served an important military role during the Second World War, since it contained many tunnels and bunkers used by Italian army.[2]It is named after St. Primož and the Felicijan church, which was abandoned in the eighteenth century with practically no ruins leftover.[3]

Location

Primož is located in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. The town of Pivka is built on the northern and northeastern slopes of Primož.[4] It has a commanding view over the entire Pivka basin which contributed to its military importance during the Second World War.

History

After the end of World War 1, Primož hill became Italian territory following an agreement between Italy, Great Britain, France and Russia alongside South Tyrol, Istria, Dalmatia and various islands in the Adriatic sea. On November 12th, 1920, the border was drawn in accordance with the Treaty of Rapallo, crossing the Pivka basin, on the ridge of the Javorniki mountain chain. Primož's military tunnels were dug in 1930 as a part of the long Alpine Wall, a vast series of Italian Defense fortifications. The tunnels consisted of two lines; one directly on the border, and the second one a few kilometers behind it. Locals were kept away from the tunnels, and were only allowed to bring basic materials and food near its premises. The tunnels were constructed only by verified members of the Italian National Fascist Party.[5] The tunnels were secured with steel plates coated with a thick layer of concrete. The tunnels are long in total,[6] but they were never used for military purposes.[7] After the withdrawal of Italian forces, local people took valuables from the area, and in 1944, German forces destroyed the tunnels in fear that allied Partisans would find military use for them.[8]

There are a number of tourist trails leading to the peak. The historical trail has information signs at the summit which explain the history of Primož in detail. From its peak, most of the Pivka basin can be seen, including Lake Palčje after heavy rainfall.[9]

  Name                                          Starting Point                                                Distance   Time         Increase in Elevation   Difficulty   Trail Markings
  --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ----------------
  Krpanova pot[10]                              Kolodvorska cesta, Pivka[11]                                  1.4 km     25 min[12]   153 m[13]               easy[14]     yes[15]
  Parje - Primož[16]                            Parje, Parje[17]                                              2.3 km     40 min[18]   173 m[19]               easy[20]     no[21]
  Pivka Park of Military History - Primož[22]   Pivka Park of Military History, 51 Kolodvorska cesta, Pivka   2.7 km     45 min[23]   150 m[24]               easy[25]     yes[26]

  : All tourist trails to the peak

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[9]  Občina Vrhnika {{!}} MojaObčina.si|website=www.mojaobcina.si|language=sl|access-date=2020-04-05}}

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title: Primož (hill)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Primož's strategic importance.

answer: Primož was a part of a ridge that separated the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It was located in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. Primož had a commanding view over the entire Pivka basin which made it important during the Second World War. It had many tunnels and bunkers used by Italian army.

answer: Primož was important during the Second World War because it contained many tunnels and bunkers used by the Italian army. It was also important because it had a commanding view over the entire Pivka basin.

answer: Primož was a part of a ridge that separated the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It was located in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. Primož had a commanding view over the entire Pivka basin which made it important during the Second World War.

text: Doesn't mention the military tunnels.

refinement: Primož was a part of a ridge that separated the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It was located in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. Primož had a commanding view over the entire Pivka basin and military tunnels dug by the Italians which made it important during the Second World War.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the military tunnels in Primož?

answer: Primož's military tunnels were dug in 1930 as a part of the long Alpine Wall, a vast series of Italian Defense fortifications. The tunnels consisted of two lines; one directly on the border, and the second one a few kilometers behind it. Locals were kept away from the tunnels, and were only allowed to bring basic materials and food near its premises. The tunnels were constructed only by verified members of the Italian National Fascist Party. The tunnels were secured with steel plates coated with a thick layer of concrete. The tunnels are long in total, but they were never used for military purposes. After the withdrawal of Italian forces, local people took valuables from the area, and in 1944, German forces destroyed the tunnels in fear that allied Partisans would find military use for them.

answer: Primož's military tunnels were dug in 1930 as a part of the long Alpine Wall, a vast series of Italian Defense fortifications. The tunnels consisted of two lines; one directly on the border, and the second one a few kilometers behind it. Locals were kept away from the tunnels, and were only allowed to bring basic materials and food near its premises. The tunnels were constructed only by verified members of the Italian National Fascist Party. The tunnels were secured with steel plates coated with a thick layer of concrete. The tunnels are long in total, but they were never used for military purposes.

answer: The tunnels were constructed in 1930 as part of the long Alpine Wall, a vast series of Italian Defense fortifications. The tunnels were dug in two lines; one directly on the border, and the second one a few kilometers behind it. The tunnels were constructed only by verified members of the Italian National Fascist Party. The tunnels were secured with steel plates coated with a thick layer of concrete. The tunnels are long in total, but they were never used for military purposes. After the withdrawal of Italian forces, locals took valuables from the area, and in 1944, German forces destroyed the tunnels in fear that allied Partisans would find military use for them.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Primož in the present day.

answer: Primož is a high hill overgrown with trees. It is a part of a ridge separating the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It has many marked trails and a macadamized road leading to its peak. There is a historical trail intended for tourists with many information signs around its peak.

answer: The hill is still a part of a ridge separating the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It is a popular destination for tourists, and there are many marked trails and a macadamized road leading to its peak. There is a historical trail intended for tourists with many information signs around its peak.

answer: Primož is a high hill overgrown with trees. It is a part of a ridge separating the Pivka basin from the Reka valley. It has many marked trails and a macadamized road leading to its peak. There is a historical trail intended for tourists with many information signs around its peak. There are also military tunnels that were used during World War II.


text:
_INTRODUCTION TO CIRCLE PACKING: THE THEORY OF DISCRETE ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS_ is a mathematical monograph concerning systems of tangent circles and the circle packing theorem. It was written by Kenneth Stephenson and published in 2005 by the Cambridge University Press.

Topics

Circle packings, as studied in this book, are systems of circles that touch at tangent points but do not overlap, according to a combinatorial pattern of adjacencies specifying which pairs of circles should touch. The circle packing theorem states that a circle packing exists if and only if the pattern of adjacencies forms a planar graph; it was originally proved by Paul Koebe in the 1930s, and popularized by William Thurston, who rediscovered it in the 1970s and connected it with the theory of conformal maps and conformal geometry. As a topic, this should be distinguished from sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

The book is divided into four parts, in progressive levels of difficulty. The first part introduces the subject visually, encouraging the reader to think about packings not just as static objects but as dynamic systems of circles that change in predictable ways when the conditions under which they are formed (their patterns of adjacency) change. The second part concerns the proof of the circle packing theorem itself, and of the associated rigidity theorem: every maximal planar graph can be associated with a circle packing that is unique up to Möbius transformations of the plane. More generally the same result holds for any triangulated manifold, with a circle packing on a topologically equivalent Riemann surface that is unique up to conformal equivalence.

The third part of the book concerns the degrees of freedom that arise when the pattern of adjacencies is not fully triangulated (it is a planar graph, but not a maximal planar graph). In this case, different extensions of this pattern to larger maximal planar graphs will lead to different packings, which can be mapped to each other by corresponding circles. The book explores the connection between these mappings, which it calls discrete analytic functions, and the analytic functions of classical mathematical analysis. The final part of the book concerns a conjecture of William Thurston, proved by Burton Rodin and Dennis Sullivan, that makes this analogy concrete: conformal mappings from any topological disk to a circle can be approximated by filling the disk by a hexagonal packing of unit circles, finding a circle packing that adds to that pattern of adjacencies a single outer circle, and constructing the resulting discrete analytic function. This part also includes applications to number theory and the visualization of brain structure.

Stephenson has implemented algorithms for circle packing and used them to construct the many illustrations of the book, giving to much of this work the flavor of experimental mathematics, although it is also mathematically rigorous. Unsolved problems are listed throughout the book, which also includes nine appendices on related topics such as the ring lemma and Doyle spirals.

Audience and reception

The book presents research-level mathematics, and is aimed at professional mathematicians interested in this and related topics. Reviewer Frédéric Mathéus describes the level of the material in the book as “both mathematically rigorous and accessible to the novice mathematician”, presented in an approachable style that conveys the author's love of the material. However, although the preface to the book states that no background knowledge is necessary, and that the book can be read by non-mathematicians or used as an undergraduate textbook, reviewer Michele Intermont disagrees, noting that it has no exercises for students and writing that “non-mathematicians will be nothing other than frustrated with this book”. Similarly, reviewer David Mumford finds the first seven chapters (part I and much of part II) to be at an undergraduate level, but writes that “as a whole, the book is suitable for graduate students in math”.

title: Introduction to Circle Packing

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about circular logic?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some related fields to circle packing?

answer: Sphere packing is a related field.

answer: Some related fields are sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

answer: Sphere packing is a related field. It is more concerned with packing density than with a combinatorial pattern of tangency.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What parts of the book does the reviewer David Mumford call out as exceeding the abilities of a novice?

answer: The first seven chapters of the book

answer: The first seven chapters of the book (part I and much of part II).

answer: The first seven chapters.


text:
They came for him during the group session, two well dressed boys on the cusp of manhood. This wasn’t the first time a young and the restless soul had come asking questions about her, her legend, after all did precede her. Ted drew a deep breath that made his thin hospital gown rise and fall like an undulating wave, he looked at the floor. Those who knew him best recognised the act, this story was the last light of the broken man who sat before them in the New Haven Detoxification Institute. Ted meekly raised his hand, begging for silence. The regulars inched closer ready for the words they’d heard so many times before.

“Assia, Assia, ascended astrologers muse. Assia, Assia, Aphrodite’s repose. Assia, Assia, fire of life, cold when she goes.” The room hushed as if smothered, those watching felt a peculiar prickling of the skin. Ted continued oblivious.

.

It was dusk, turning twilight, when they arrived at the bar. Ted tall and thin, his companion slightly taller with a thicker build. It was darker in the bar, one of those cheap places that tries to make up for a lack of style with poor lighting. She was late. He was in love with her. Ted was oblivious of what was to come.

The friend looked up, startled. Assia stood before them. Rain dripped from her night black hair that shone with the subtlest hint of a crimson glow. Her short black dress showed of her curves, like those of a racing car. Her legs were bare. Presently her eyes met Ted’s who suddenly aware that the world was turning at an astronomical rate around the fixed point of his eyes locked with hers. Every second was eternal.

Ted’s mind raced with this new information. Who was this girl? What the hell is this feeling? Oh god, make eye contact! OH GOD too much eye contact! Confused Ted withdrew from conversation and fixed his eyes on the wall sized aquarium behind Assia’s head. A thousand fish swam to and fro together in a shoal. One fish danced alone, swishing elegantly like Mata Hari. The tank appeared empty, but for this one fish. Ted sat transfixed, stealing occasional glances at the girl, but always returning to that one solitary fish. The fish disappeared. The sea was lonely.

Ted sipped his drink quickly. Assia demurely ashed her cigarette, delicately brushing it against the crystal ashtray, all the while stealing glances at Ted of her own. That moment the dreamer in him fell in love with her, and he soon knew it. Fire, crash the next hours passed lightning fast. Growing bolder the pair revelled in ideas, wallowed, and bathed in mutual knowledge and interests. Their friend faded to grey and they were alone.

Alone on a sofa now, memories slip by as if in a film. Hand brushes leg. Leg brushes hand. Electricity. Magnetism draws them together. His hands her hips. Her hands his hair. His lips her lips. Ecstasy. Her phone rings and she goes.

.

Ted stood up, opened his eyes and spoke to his fellow New Haven Institute patients. The memory had almost seemed real.  “That was the first and last time I laid eyes Assia Do Nascimento. I chased the idea, the dream, the memory of her all my life. Trying to capture a love so pure, so intense.” Ted sat down hands trembling “You never know what will set the memory off.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How does Assia feature in this story?

answer: She is the object of Ted's affection. She is a woman and she left Ted after a one-night stand.

text: The model can rewrite this answer to sound more grammatically correct.

refinement: Assia is the object of Ted's affection. She is an attractive woman who left Ted after a one-night stand.

answer: She is the object of Ted's affection.

answer: Assia features only as a memory in a man's mind.