text:
[Vlacherna, opening to its closed karst basin (in the back)] [Village of Vlacherna] [Closed karst basin: Vlacherna-Hotoussa-Kandila]

VLACHERNA is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece. Administratively it is the seat of the local community (residents 371, 2011 census). It is a municipal unit of Levidi in the municipality of Tripoli (Kallikratis Plan, 2010). It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo. It is 32 kilometers from Tripoli, 7 km from Levidi and 12 km from Vytina.

Most villagers are farmers. For their sheep and goats and their fieldwork, they need the meadows and fields that are located in the widening plain below their village. But peculiarities of nature—too much or too little water, depending on the annual time—are a burden for them, also, because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage.

The photo with the sheep shows the main part of the basin, where attempts are made to avoid flooding by several ditches and subterranean drainage. However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible in spite of two ponors (katavothes) and an artificial tunnel. The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations.[1] The basin has two extensions to the far northeast.

The first basin extension has a large karst spring (Sintzi Spring)[2] right, where the surface of the sedimentary deposits of the basin touch the limestone formation of the mountain. Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate.

[1] Cultivation delay confirmed by “Portal and Blog” of www.vlaxerna.gr (February 28, 2014). See External Links: … cleaning of the ditch…

[2] Sintzi spring in “Vlacherna-Kandila karst basin”, Peloponnese: :Image:Sintzi-Spring Upper-Arcadia Karst-basin Peloponnese Greece.jpg, see External Links for more

title: Vlacherna, Arcadia

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Vlacherna?

answer: Vlacherna is a village located in Arcadia, Greece with an open karst basin. The villagers are mostly farmers who rely on the meadows and fields of the clearing below. When there is a huge amount of winter rainfall, flooding is possible in the basin. One feature of the basin is a large karst spring located right next to the sedimentary deposits. This spring makes the soil more fertile and greatly benefits the villagers with its existence even in the dry summer.

text: "The first basin extension has a large karst spring (Sintzi Spring)[2] right, where the surface of the sedimentary deposits of the basin touch the limestone formation of the mountain." is evidence that the Sintzi spring is located where the sedimentary deposits meet the mountain limestone formation. Correct the answer to state that the location of the spring is where the sedimentary deposits meet the limestone formation of the mountain.

refinement: Vlacherna is a village located in Arcadia, Greece with an open karst basin. The villagers are mostly farmers who rely on the meadows and fields of the clearing below. When there is a huge amount of winter rainfall, flooding is possible in the basin. One feature of the basin is a large karst spring located where the sedimentary deposits of the basin meet the limestone formation of the mountain. This spring makes the soil more fertile and greatly benefits the villagers with its existence even in the dry summer.

text: "Vlacherna, opening to its closed karst basin" is evidence that the karst basin in Vlacherna is closed. Change the answer from 'open' to 'closed' karst basin.

refinement: Vlacherna is a village located in Arcadia, Greece with a closed karst basin. The villagers are mostly farmers who rely on the meadows and fields of the clearing below. When there is a huge amount of winter rainfall, flooding is possible in the basin. One feature of the basin is a large karst spring located where the sedimentary deposits of the basin meet the limestone formation of the mountain. This spring makes the soil more fertile and greatly benefits the villagers with its existence even in the dry summer.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence that Vlacherna is a village in Greece.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the geology around Vlacherna.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

text: "...they need the meadows and fields that are located in the widening plain below their village." is evidence of what the farmers rely on to sustain their farming.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..."  is evidence of the risks relating to winter rain.

text: "The first basin extension has a large karst spring (Sintzi Spring)[2] right, where the surface of the sedimentary deposits of the basin touch the limestone formation of the mountain." is evidence of the location of the Sintzi spring.

text: "Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate." is evidence of the advantages of the spring.

answer: A settlement

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement..." is evidence that Vlacherna is a settlement.

answer: It is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the location of the settlement.

answer: Vlacherna is a municipality in Arcadia, Greece with 371 residents. The settlement is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level and has an open karst basin with a number of unique natural features and challenges for its inhabitants.

text: "It is a municipal unit of Levidi in the municipality of Tripoli (Kallikratis Plan, 2010)." is evidence that Vlacherna is a municipal unit of Levidi in the municipality of Tripoli. Correct the answer to reflect this classification as a municipal unit of Levidi.

refinement: Vlacherna is a municipal unit of Levidi in the municipality of Tripoli in Arcadia, Greece with 371 residents. The settlement is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level and has an open karst basin with a number of unique natural features and challenges for its inhabitants.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the location of Vlacherna.

text: "Administratively it is the seat of the local community (residents 371, 2011 census)." is evidence that Vlacherna has 371 residents.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level..." is evidence of where the settlement is built.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the geology around Vlacherna.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..."  is evidence of the risks relating to winter rain translating to challenges for the resident farmers.

text: "Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate." is evidence of the advantages of the spring.

answer: It is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the location of the settlement.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What occupation do most villagers have in Vlacherna?

answer: Most villagers have the occupation of farmer in the settlement.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

answer: They are farmers.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

answer: Most villagers in Vlacherna are farmers.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

answer: The villagers are farmers.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

answer: Most villagers in Vlacherna are farmers.

text: "Most villagers are farmers." is evidence of the vocation of most villagers.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is Vlacherna built?

answer: Vlacherna is located in the mountains of Arcadia and built at 954 meters above sea level.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level..." is evidence of the height Vlacherna is built.

text: "...on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence that Vlacherna is built on the mountains in Arcadia.

answer: It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level..." is evidence of the height Vlacherna is built.

text: "...on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence that Vlacherna is built on the mountains in Arcadia.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level..." is evidence of the height Vlacherna is built. Include this height in the answer.

refinement: Vlacherna is built at 954 meters above sea level.

text: "...on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence that Vlacherna is built on the mountains in Arcadia. Include the slope of Mainalo in the answer.

refinement: Vlacherna is built at 954 meters above sea level on the slopes of Mainalo.

answer: Vlacherna is built on the slopes of Mainalo, 32 kilometers from Tripoli.

text: "...on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence that Vlacherna is built on the mountains in Arcadia.

text: "It is 32 kilometers from Tripoli..." is evidence of the distance between Vlacherna and Tripoli.

answer: Vlacherna is built on the slopes of Mainalo.

text: "...on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence that Vlacherna is built on the mountains in Arcadia.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is one of the biggest hurdles for the farmers in the settlement?

answer: Flooding from too much winter rain

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face.

answer: One of the biggest hurdles for the farmers in Vlacherna is the flooding that sometimes occurs when there is excess winter rain.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face.

answer: There are numerous problems that the farmers face, including the fact that they don't know if they will be able to plant, and cultivation delay owing to the flooding caused by karst basins.

text: "But peculiarities of nature—too much or too little water, depending on the annual time—are a burden for them, also, because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence that flooding happens in a karst basin due to a lack of surface drainage. Include the lack of surface drainage in the answer.

refinement: There are numerous problems that the farmers face, including the fact that they don't know if they will be able to plant, and cultivation delay owing to the flooding caused by the lack of surface drainage in the karst basin.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face. Include the source of flooding in the answer.

refinement: There are numerous problems that the farmers face, including the fact that they don't know if they will be able to plant, and cultivation delay owing to the very much winter rain that leads to flooding caused by the lack of surface drainage in the karst basin.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face.

text: "But peculiarities of nature—too much or too little water, depending on the annual time—are a burden for them, also, because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of other problems also faced by the farmers.

answer: Flooding is one of the biggest hurdles for the farmers in the settlement, as the area lacks surface drainage. This causes delays in their cultivations when there is an excess of rain during the winter months.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face.

answer: Having too much water that causes floods is a big hurdle for the farmers in the settlement.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face. Include the source of the excess water in the answer.

refinement: Having too much winter rain causes floods that are a big hurdle for the farmers in the settlement.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." and "The flooding then forces the farmers to delay their cultivations." is evidence of one of the biggest hurdle that the farmers face.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Vlacherna is a village in the municipality of Tripoli in Arcadia, Greece. It was built around 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo.

text: "For their sheep and goats and their fieldwork, they need the meadows and fields that are located in the widening plain below their village."; "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." shows the significance of the closed kart basin on which the farmers crops and livestock depend. Include this distinguishing geological feature in the answer.

refinement: Vlacherna is a village in the municipality of Tripoli in Arcadia, Greece. It was built around 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo where a large karst basin provides pasture for the farmers' livestock and fertile soil for their crops.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the physical location of Vlacherna.

text: "It is a municipal unit of Levidi in the municipality of Tripoli..." is evidence of the municipality under which Vlacherna is classified.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence of the way the village is built.

answer: Vlacherna is a village in the Arcadia region of Greece. The village is built on the slopes of Mount Mainalo and suffered from floods during wet winters. The karst basin beneath the village is without surface drainage and the fertile soil permits more grazing. There is also a large karst spring (Sintzi Spring) in the first basin extension.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the physical location of Vlacherna.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level, on the slopes of Mainalo." is evidence of the way the village is built.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." is evidence of the wet winters that this settlement experiences.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the lack of surface drainage on the karst basin.

text: "Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate." is evidence of its fertile soil.

text: "The first basin extension has a large karst spring (Sintzi Spring)" is evidence of the spring located in the first basin extension.

answer: This article describes a settlement in Arcadia, Greece called Vlacherna. It describes the village life in the settlement along with its landscape.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the geology. Include the karst basin in the answer.

refinement: This article describes a settlement in Arcadia, Greece called Vlacherna. It describes the village life in the settlement along with its karst basin.

text: "Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate." is evidence of the fertile soil on the plain. Include the fertile plain that makes farming advantageous in Vlacherna.

refinement: This article describes a settlement in Arcadia, Greece called Vlacherna. It describes the village life in the settlement along with its karst basin that provides a livelihood to the farmers.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." confirms the location of the village.

text: "Most villagers are farmers. For their sheep and goats and their fieldwork, they need the meadows and fields that are located in the widening plain below their village." is evidence that the village life is described in the article.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the geological information shared in the article.

answer: Vlacherna is a village located in Arcadia, Greece at 954 meters above sea level. The village is built within a karst basin, and flooding is a potential hardship for its residents. The karst spring in the first basin extension contributes to the more fertile soil, despite occasional flooding.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." describes the location of Vlacherna.

text: "It is built at a height of 954 meters above sea level..." is evidence of the height above sea level of the settlement.

text: "...because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence of the proximity of the karst basin to the village.

text: "However, when there is very much winter rain, floods are possible..." is evidence of the potential hardships that the farmers face.

text: "Existence of water even in the dry summer period makes the soil more fertile for more grassland an acres to cultivate." is evidence of the fertile soil due to the presence of water.

answer: The text discusses the Vlacherna Basin and the effects of both too much and not enough water at different seasons. It is located in Arcadia, Greece.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence that Vlacherna is a settlement. Change the summary to include the fact that Vlacherna is a settlement with a karst basin.

refinement: The text discusses the Vlacherna settlement and karst basin and the effects of both too much and not enough water at different seasons. It is located in Arcadia, Greece.

text: "Vlacherna, opening to its closed karst basin" is evidence that Vlacherna is located in a karst basin.

text: "But peculiarities of nature—too much or too little water, depending on the annual time—are a burden for them, also, because the plain is a large karst basin without surface drainage." is evidence that both too much and too little water pose challenges to the farmers.

text: "Vlacherna is a settlement in Arcadia, Greece." is evidence of the location of Vlacherna.


split: test

text:
The POLICE UNION OF GERMAN STATES was the first known initiative for international law enforcement cooperation. Established in 1851 in response to the Revolutions of 1848, the organization served as an information exchange among the secret police forces of a number of German-speaking countries.

History

Background

In 1833 a centralized internal security service was established by the German Confederation.[1] Headquartered in Frankfurt, the Central Investigating Agency consisted of several former investigating magistrates tasked with gathering information on seditious and subversive organizations—as well as the press, publishers, and bookstores—obtained by the police services of the member states of the Confederation.[2] Information collected by the Central Investigating Agency was shared with the police of the German states concerned, as well as the Federal Convention.[3] The same year, Austria established the Information Office in Mainz, which performed largely similar functions.[4] The Central Investigating Agency and Information Office were both strictly intelligence agencies, with no police power of their own. The two institutions would occasionally exchange intelligence with each other.[5]

The successful suppression of seditious elements within German-speaking states led to the permanent suspension of the Central Investigating Agency in 1842, its services no longer needed.[6] [The Police Union of German States was established after an 1851 meeting of secret police chiefs in Dresden.]

Formation

During 1848 Europe was rocked by a series of revolts and revolutions with Austria, Prussia, Hungary, Bohemia, Sicily, and France all experiencing various levels of domestic unrest.[7] In response to the events of three years prior, in 1851, the police president of Berlin – Karl Ludwig Friedrich von Hinckeldey – sent letters to law enforcement officials in Hanover, Sachsen, Dresden and Vienna calling for cross-border cooperation in the policing of political radicals.[8] As a result of von Hinckeldey's letter, a conference was held on 9 April 1851 in Dresden attended by staff from the secret police services of the independent states of Prussia, Austria, Sachsen and Hanover.[9] Before the end of the year, these forces were joined in cooperation with those of Bavaria, Baden and Württemberg and the Police Union of German States informally created.[10][11]

Early proposals to expand the police union to include political and secret police agencies outside the German-speaking world ultimately did not bear fruit, though occasional instances of cooperation – usually through middlemen – with law enforcement agencies in Belgium, Denmark and Britain are recorded.[12]

Dissolution and legacy

The union was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, the two dominant countries from which the Police Union drew its membership.[13]

The Police Union of German States has been described as the first known instance of formally institutionalized international law enforcement cooperation.[14][15]

Operations and activities

The union's activities were strictly focused on the maintenance of political order, with routine crime and criminals outside its area of interest.[16] Information on political radicals and subversive organizations were exchanged between officials of the member agencies at meetings held one to three times annually.[17] Between meetings, information would be disseminated about wanted political opponents among the member agencies through weekly magazines that would be published by the union for distribution to its participating forces.[18] The union also recruited agents in New York, London, Brussels, and Paris to gather intelligence on dissidents and radicals operating beyond the reach of its member agencies.[19]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

title: Police Union of German States

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the union's formation?

answer: The Police Union of German States was formed in 1851 in response to the Revolutions of 1848. The organization served as an information exchange among the secret police forces of a number of German-speaking countries. The union was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

text: The union's dissolution is irrelevant.

refinement: The Police Union of German States was formed in 1851 in response to the Revolutions of 1848. The organization served as an information exchange among the secret police forces of a number of German-speaking countries.

text: The answer should mention how the formation happened.

refinement: The Police Union of German States was formed in 1851 in response to the Revolutions of 1848. The organization served as an information exchange among the secret police forces of a number of German-speaking countries. The formation came about with the efforts of the police president of Berlin, Karl Ludwig Friedrich von Hinckeldey, who wrote letters to law enforcement officials in Hanover, Sachsen, Dresden, and Vienna.

answer: The Police Union of German States was formed in 1851. It was formed in response to the Revolutions of 1848. In 1851, the police president of Berlin sent letters to law enforcement officials in Hanover, Sachsen, Dresden, and Vienna calling for cross-border cooperation in policing political radicals. As a result, a conference was held on April 9, 1851, in Dresden attended by staff from the secret police services of the independent states of Prussia, Austria, Sachsen, and Hanover. Before the end of the year, the forces were joined in cooperation with those of Bavaria, Baden, and Württemberg. The Police Union of German States was informally created.

answer: The Police Union of German States was formed in 1851 in response to the Revolutions of 1848. The organization served as an information exchange among the secret police forces of a number of German-speaking countries. The union was formed in 1851 after a meeting of secret police chiefs in Dresden. The union was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the union's dissolution?

answer: The Police Union of German States was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The two dominant countries from which the Police Union drew its membership.

answer: The Police Union of German States was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

answer: The Police Union of German States was dissolved in 1866 with the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.


text:
[] _CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981.

Publication history

Following the release of _Castle Book I_ in 1978, Judges Guild followed up in 1979 with _Castle Book II_, a 64-page softcover book written by Bob Bledsaw.[1] The book was published in several editions from 1979 to 1981; early editions have a black & white cover, later editions a full-color cover.

Contents

The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.[2] The material is not designed for a specific game system, allowing the gamemaster to adapt the material to any fantasy role-playing game.[3]

Reception

In the May 1988 edition of _Dragon_ (Issue #133), Ken Rolston said, “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings, but it’s nice to have the layouts when whipping up an adventure setting on short notice.”[4]

Reviews

-   _White Wolf_ (1994)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Castle Book II

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Castle Book II?

answer: Castle Book II is a role-playing game supplement with 50 maps of castles and forts for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

text: CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game

text: The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: Castle Book II is a supplement for role-playing games that contains 50 maps of castles and forts and tables for random generation of castle names.

text: CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981.

text: The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: A universal RPG supplement published by Judges Guild.

text: This does not adequately answer the question

refinement: CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game. It contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: Castle Book II is a 64-page role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981.

text: CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981.

text: a 64-page softcover book

answer: Castle Book II is a role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981. It is a follow up book to the first Castle Book which was published in 1978.

text: _CASTLE BOOK II_ is a universal role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981.

text: Following the release of _Castle Book I_ in 1978

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the book feature?

answer: The book features fifty castle and fort maps for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

text: contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: The book contains 50 maps of castles and forts for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. Additionally, the book contains tables for random generation of castle names.

text: contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: The book has maps of castles and forts in hex sheets for use in campaigns, and a table for generating castle names.

text: contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: The book features 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

text: contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

answer: Castle Book II is a graded collection of the various medieval and goblin-level dungeons drawn on hex sheets, in the wilderness, or for campaign design.

text: Not quite as it's described

refinement: The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also contains tables for random generation of castle names.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the book for and how it is used?

answer: _Castle Book II_ is a collection of 50 maps of castles and forts for use in wilderness encounters and campaign design. It is meant to be a tool for gamemasters when creating adventures quickly.

text: This answer leaves out some important information.

refinement: _Castle Book II_ is a collection of 50 maps of castles and forts for use in wilderness encounters and campaign design. It is meant to be a tool for gamemasters when creating adventures quickly. It is not meant for a specific game but can be adapted to any fantasy game.

answer: _Castle Book II_ is a supplement for a role-playing game that provides maps and tables for the design of castles and forts. It is meant to be used by gamemasters to aid in random encounters or setting design for a role-playing game.

text: It can be used for any role playing game

refinement: _Castle Book II_ is a supplement for a role-playing game that provides maps and tables for the design of castles and forts. It is meant to be used by gamemasters to aid in random encounters or setting design for any role-playing game.

answer: It is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design.

text: A bit light on information

refinement: It is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design. it is not meant for any specific game but can be adapted to any fantasy role plying game.

answer:
The book is designed to help role-playing by providing pre-created castle locations that can be used with less effort than making layouts from scratch.

It is not meant for any one specific role-playing system, so gamemasters can use it for any system they are using.

answer: The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design and it also contains tables for random generation of castle names. The book is not designed for different game systems

text: The last sentence is misleading

refinement: The book is a gamemaster's aid that contains 50 maps of castles and forts drawn on hex sheets, for use in wilderness encounters or campaign design and it also contains tables for random generation of castle names. The book is not designed for a specific game but can be adapted to any roleplaying fantasy game.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is missing from the book?

answer: The game is not designed for a specific game system.

text: This answer is incorrect

refinement: “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings"

answer: It was mentioned that Castle Book II does not provide details for the functions and contents of the book.

text: This answer is incorrect

refinement: “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings"

answer: The book lacks detail for the functions and contents of individual buildings.

text: “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings,"

answer: It does not contain details about the functions or contents of the castles.

text: A little misleading

refinement: It does not contain details about the functions or contents of the buildings.

text: “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings"

answer: Castle Book II contains layouts of castles and forts, but does not contain details for the functions or contents of the buildings.

text: This is misleading

refinement: Castle Book II does not contain details for the functions or contents of the buildings.

text: “There are no details for the functions or contents of the individual buildings"

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Castle Book II is a role-playing game supplement published by Judges Guild in 1981. Judges Guild released Castle Book I a year before, which is a role-playing game supplement for castles and forts. The main purpose of the book is to give players entire settlements such as villages, towns, and castles that they can visit while playing.

answer: Published 1981 by Judges Guild, Castle Book II provides gamemasters with 50 maps of castles in hex sheet for use in campaigns. There's also a table for generating randomized castle names. While there are no details provided for the functions of the castle's contents, having pre-made layouts certainly helps.

answer: Castle Book II is a supplement designed for a universal role-playing game published by Judges Guild. It contained 50 maps of castles and forts. It was designed as a game aid for use in general or campaign design.

answer: _Castle Book II_ is a role-playing game supplement containing 50 detailed maps of castles and forts for use in designing wilderness encounters or creating fantasy adventure settings. The book is universal and contains no game system specifics, and is useful for fantasy role-playing game design.

answer: _Castle Book II_ is a supplement for role-playing games that contains 50 maps of castles and forts to be used for wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also has tables for generating castle names. The material is non-system specific which allows for adaptability of any fantasy role-playing game. Reviews generally find that this supplement is helpful when creating quick adventure settings.

text: The summary is over the required limit.

refinement: _Castle Book II_ is a supplement for role-playing games that contains 50 maps of castles and forts to be used for wilderness encounters or campaign design. It also has tables for generating castle names. The material is non-system specific which allows for adaptability of any fantasy role-playing game. Reviews generally find that this supplement is helpful when creating quick adventure settings.


text:
_STOREFRONT HITCHCOCK_ is a 1998 American concert film featuring Robyn Hitchcock and directed by Jonathan Demme. It was conceived as “a document not a documentary”,[1] and the performance was shot in New York City in December 1996, in an abandoned used clothing store on 14th street.[2] Over the course of the performance, simple props and set pieces are varied, such as a bare lightbulb and a tomato sculpture, and occasionally a passerby on the street glances in.[3]

Jonathan Demme met Hitchcock after Demme attended a live show, and offered to direct a live performance video for a song, which was then revised to be a full concert.[4] Demme was inspired to film in the storefront setting by a Hungarian theatre group, Squat Theatre, who operated in New York City in the 70s and 80s and typically performed in a storefront against a large plate glass window facing the street.[5]

Demme subsequently cast Hitchcock in small roles in two other films, _The Manchurian Candidate_ and _Rachel Getting Married_, and used one of his songs in _The Truth About Charlie_.[6]

Setlist

All songs composed by Robyn Hitchcock.

1.  “Devil's Radio”
2.  “1974”
3.  “Filthy Bird”
4.  “Let's Go Thundering”
5.  “I'm Only You”
6.  “Glass Hotel”
7.  “I Something You”
8.  “The Yip! Song”
9.  “I Am Not Me”
10. “You and Oblivion”
11. “Airscape”
12. “Freeze”
13. “Alright Yeah”
14. “No, I Don't Remember Guildford”

Personnel

-   Robyn Hitchcock - vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, harmonica
-   Tim Keegan - guitar, vocals
-   Deni Bonet - violin

Release

The film premiered at the SXSW Film Festival on March 19, 1998.[7] It was funded by Orion Pictures just before it declared bankruptcy and was bought by MGM, and did not receive the hoped-for distribution or promotion in the United States.[8] In Hitchcock's words, “when MGM kind of unzipped their stomachs to see what they'd swallowed, they pulled out Orion, and they cut open Orion's stomach. And inside Orion's stomach was wriggling Storefront Hitchcock, a little kind of minuscule million-dollar project that MGM wasn't particularly interested in.”[9] In fact in its original US release it only played in one theater in New York City, Film Forum, for one week starting in November 18, 1998.[10]

The film was released on DVD in 2000 by MGM.

Reception

Dennis Harvey in _Variety_ said that Hitchcock's “rich, supple voice shines, and his seemingly impromptu between-song patter suggests a pleasing form of mild insanity” also saying that “the songs are the real attraction here, and they provide a good overview of a large personal catalog.”[11] Stephen Holden in The New York Times wrote that the film “captures the sensibility of this smart, quirky folk-rocker in the most appealing possible light”,[12] while Scott Tobias in The A.V. Club wrote that “Demme's relaxed, ego-free direction is a reminder that the quirky humanist behind Melvin And Howard and Married To The Mob hasn't lost his touch”, and “his clean, elegant compositions enhance the intimacy of the performance”.[13] However Douglas Wolk of the Village Voice described it as a “simple but nicely presented document of a middling Hitchcock solo performance”, complaining that “the set list dips generously into his lamest recent material”.[14]

Soundtrack

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

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[14]

title: Storefront Hitchcock

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to Jonathan Demme's filmography.

answer: Demme offered to direct a live performance video for a song by Robyn Hitchcock. The director was inspired by a Hungarian theater group. Demme cast Hitchcock in small roles in two other films, The Manchurian Candidate and Rachel Getting Married, and used one of his songs in The Truth About Charlie.

text: The response is incorrect and doesn't summarize everything related to Demme's filmography, which should include the movies mentioned in the text such as The Manchurian Candidate, Rachel Getting Married, The Truth About Charlie, Melvin And Howard, Married to The Mob, and Storefront Hitchcock.

refinement: Demme's filmography according to the text includes The Manchurian Candidate, Rachel Getting Married, The Truth About Charlie, Melvin And Howard, Married to The Mob, and Storefront Hitchcock.

answer: Jonathan Demme directed _Storefront Hitchcock_. He was inspired to film in the storefront setting by a Hungarian theatre group, Squat Theatre, who operated in New York City in the 70s and 80s, who would typically perform in storefronts against a large plate glass window facing the street. Demme cast Hitchcock in small roles in two other films, The Manchurian Candidate, and Rachel Getting Married. He also used Hitchcock's song in The Truth About Charlie.

answer: Jonathan Demme directed Storefront Hitchcock. He was inspired to film in the storefront setting by a Hungarian theatre group, Squat Theatre, who operated in New York City in the 70s and 80s, who would typically perform in storefronts against a large plate glass window facing the street. Demme cast Hitchcock in small roles in two other films, The Manchurian Candidate, and Rachel Getting Married. He also used Hitchcock's song in The Truth About Charlie.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to the performance featured in the film.

answer: The performance was shot in New York City in December 1996, in an abandoned used clothing store on 14th street. The performance featured simple props and set pieces, such as a bare lightbulb and a tomato sculpture. Occasionally, a passerby on the street glances in.

answer: The performance was shot in New York City in December 1996, in an abandoned used clothing store. Simple props and set pieces are varied, such as a bare lightbulb and a tomato sculpture. A passerby on the street glances in.

answer: The performance was shot in New York City in December 1996, in an abandoned used clothing store. Simple props and set pieces are varied, such as a bare lightbulb and a tomato sculpture. A passerby on the street glances in. The setlist contains 14 songs.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Hitchcock as a musician?

answer: He's a folk-rocker and his songs are the real attraction in the concert film. The songs are a good overview of his large personal catalog.

text: Add that he's a "quirky" folk-rocker.

refinement: He's a quirky folk-rocker and his songs are the real attraction in the concert film. The songs are a good overview of his large personal catalog.

text: The response should add that Hitchcock has a rich and supple voice.

refinement: He's a quirky folk-rocker with a rich, supple voice, and his songs are the real attraction in the concert film. The songs are a good overview of his large personal catalog.

answer: The article describes Hitchcock as a "smart, quirky folk-rocker". It also describes his voice as "rich and supple" and says that his songs are the real attraction of the film.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Hitchcock's career during the 1980s?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
(IP) Up in Smoke

In the mirrored, colorful surface of the portal, there was a blue, sunny sky, with grassy valleys and mountains painted in every color he could imagine; after all these years, after all of his sacrifices, he’d found it. No more would he be living in this world, cold and gray and drained of life, though the universe had seen fit to put him here.

That wasn’t to say that his formative years in this world, clouded by toxic lavender clouds of smoke, were miserable. Indeed, there had been times that he’d been happy. But there was something inside of him, a deep, yawning void that was just not satisfied, even after he’d reaped the love and support that his family had shown him, a mere echo now that they were gone.

For a short, terrifying moment, he was transported back to the moment that had caused their deaths, drowning him in the fear and rage that had driven him to this in the first place—

*Three sharp, rapid knocks on the door. A beat of silence.*

*Then they kicked down the door, dark beacons of death and order and the king’s elite force, The Reaper’s Hand, fanning out like smoke and just as insubstantial, rictus grins showing behind their masks.*

*His wife, standing by the fire, stirring a stew, and his son at her feet, babbling happily.*

*“Maximillian Garvey, you have been charged by the King for treason,” The biggest, hulking guard said, his voice garbled behind his mask.*

*“The sentence for treason is death.”*

*Before the executioner had even finished his decree, his cronies had snatched up his poor wife and child; two quick swipes of the blade and Jazira fell to the floor, blood pouring from the gaping slash in her throat.*

*The only thing he remembered hearing was his own desperate, wrathful shrieks; he sounded like an injured animal. But he could see them, feel them, laughing at his agony, frenzied with bloodlust at their kill; after all, that was why the King employed them.*

*And then, to add insult to injury, they’d taken his boy, ‘to insure his future good behavior’.*

He quickly snapped himself out of the vision; that was the past and it needed to stay there. But that didn’t stop his body from remembering: the iron tang of her blood, hanging in the air as if to emphasize his own personal horror, his throat tightening so much he couldn’t breathe, invisible iron bars wrapped around his chest.

And to think, to this day, he didn’t know just what happened to his only child.

If he hadn’t had control of his temper by now, he would’ve struck the portal, destroyed his whole life’s work; he clenched his jaw and steeled himself.

He couldn’t waste all of this work, all of these years spent chasing what more people thought of as a pipe dream.

Now, he could escape, start over in a new world, where no one lived under a mad monarch’s thumb. He could leave the ghosts that haunted him in this faded husk of a world.

He did a final check of his supplies: food, clothing, as much money as he could scrape together, what he could afford to take from his lab, pictures of his wife and son, and finally, a vial of something so black it looked like the mad scientist had managed to bottle a starless night.

He was leaving at last, and good riddance. He stepped through the mirror and once he was on the other side, his back faded into the mountainous distance, and the door closed, becoming a normal mirror once more.

He’d made sure to lock the door to his crumbling tenement; more than one person had died for his secrets, and he hadn’t known, even when he’d made his choice, if his conscience could take any more blood spilled in his name.

No one ever saw Maximillian Garvey again, not even his son, when he’d returned from a childhood spent as an adopted prince, now a man.

Perhaps his father was nothing more than a mere dream.

\*\*

title: (FN) Up in Smoke

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Maximillian Garvey's motivation.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is motivated by the desire to escape the world he lives in. He wants to escape the toxic lavender clouds of smoke and the King's elite force, The Reaper's Hand.

text: It's omitted that he wants to escape the memories that haunt him.

refinement: Maximillian Garvey is motivated by the desire to escape the world he lives in. He wants to escape the toxic lavender clouds of smoke and the King's elite force, The Reaper's Hand. He's motivated by escaping the memories that haunt him.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is motivated by the desire to escape the world he lives in. He wants to escape the toxic lavender clouds of smoke and the King's elite force, The Reaper's Hand. He wants to escape the ghosts that haunt him. He wants to escape the mad monarch's thumb.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is motivated by the desire to escape the world he lives in. He is haunted by the death of his wife and son, and he wants to escape the King's rule. He wants to start over in a new world.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the climatic event of the story.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is charged with treason by the King and sentenced to death. His wife and son are killed before he can even process what is happening. He is then separated from his son, who is taken by the King's elite guards to insure his future good behavior.

text: The son is not killed. He's taken away.

refinement: Maximillian Garvey is charged with treason by the King and sentenced to death. His wife is killed before he can even process what is happening. He is then separated from his son, who is taken by the King's elite guards to insure his future good behavior.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is charged with treason by the King and sentenced to death. His wife and son are killed before he can even process what is happening. He is then separated from his son, who is taken by the King's elite guards to insure his future good behavior. He escapes and starts a new life in another world.

answer: Maximillian Garvey is charged with treason by the King and sentenced to death. His wife and son are killed by the King's elite force, The Reaper's Hand, and his son is taken away. Maximillian escapes through a portal to a new world, leaving his life behind.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the king?

answer: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand. The Reaper's Hand are killing squads that are rictus grins showing behind their masks. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior.

text: The squad aren't "rictus grins", they have them. It would just be better to omit this detail.

refinement: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand. The Reaper's Hand is a killing squad. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior.

text: It's omitted that the Reaper's hand is the king's elite force.

refinement: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand. The Reaper's Hand is the king's elite force and killing squad. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior.

text: It's omitted that the king rules his kingdom closely.

refinement: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand. The Reaper's Hand is the king's elite force and killing squad. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior. He rules his kingdom closely.

text: It's omitted the King sentenced Maximillian to death for treason.

refinement: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand and sentenced Maximillian to death for treason. The Reaper's Hand is the king's elite force and killing squad. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior. He rules his kingdom closely.

answer: The King is a mad monarch who rules the land. He employs the Reaper's Hand, an elite force that executes traitors. The king is also responsible for the death of Maximillian's wife and son.

answer: The king is a mad monarch who employs the Reaper's Hand. The Reaper's Hand are killing squads that are rictus grins showing behind their masks. They killed Jazira, Maximillian's wife, and kidnapped his son to insure his future good behavior. The king charged Maximillian with treason.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the process with which Maximillian Garvey made the mirror.

answer: No answer

answer: Maximillian Garvey created the mirror in his lab. He used a vial of something so black it looked like the mad scientist had managed to bottle a starless night. He then put the mirror in his tenement and locked the door to his crumbling tenement.


text:
Hadrian’s Wall is more than a hundred miles long, several meters thick and high
enough to present a formidable challenge to anyone who faces it. Every couple miles there is
a tower and every twenty miles a fort with more than a hundred soldiers. Cold is the first
thing that you notice when you get to this gods forsaken place. No matter how many layers
of hide and leather you have on, it still will get all the way down to the bones. Even the
boiling baths turn ice cold before one is able to forget himself in relaxation just for one
sweet moment. The commander of my legion said it would be a temporary position, just to
bring everything up to a standard; establish an order he said.

 “We need men like you Lucius, at the edges of Empire in order to bring heart of
Rome to those savage places. Britannia will not be another Gaul, it has to be an extension of
Rome itself. Its strategic value is too important. And in any case, how long would it take for
our finest to bring those brutes into the fold of obedience?”

In return I was promised what otherwise no centurion could have hoped for: My own
estate in my home province of Sicilia, large enough to grow my own grape and wheat. With
that there also came a profound elevation of class - you can only get so far without being
born noble. With compensation like this, I will change the future for my family generations
ahead. Maybe we will even take upon a family name, we would become somebody, thought
Lucius.

One of the veterans appeared behind the centurion, who was looking far ahead from
the ramparts of the wall. “Lucius, the scouting party just came back, nobody was spotted
within the vicinity of five miles. If you want to hear for yourself, they are having dinner, or
what is supposed to be dinner, right now” mumbled he.
Slowly turning his gaze away from the clearing and the further vast expanse of the
forest, Lucius looked at one of his men in the eyes and asked, “What are you saying?”
Turning his attention to the ground, Carbo responded. “The soil got frozen solid, we
haven’t received barley in more than two weeks. The cook literally is mixing shells from the
seeds together in some sort of a porridge, men hate it.”

The centurion slowly exhaled, frustrated with everything, he was not in the mood for
yet another issue, another headache that nobody will help him to resolve. “We still have
that salted mutton don’t we?”
“Do you mean officers’ salted mutton, centurion Lucius?”
“Well, it won’t be officers who will man the wall tonight and keep us from being slaughtered.
Give them all that we have left, let me worry about everything else.” Carbo turned around
and was about to execute his superior’s order, when he was asked, “Have you ever been to
the province of Sicilia?”
“I wish. I am from up north, and spent most of my life around three little villages, before
joining the legion.”
“The sun is hot for several months and during winter you still can do alright with a single
tunic. And the fruit ripens, as if the gods infused the sun itself in it, grapes are so heavy that
if you don’t harvest them shortly they drop on the earth and explode. When it is all over, you
should visit, it is worth the trip and time.”
Carbo nodded quietly with a perceptible smile on his face and with a formal salute of
hitting his fist against his chest, turned around and hurriedly went to the storage rooms to
give the appropriate orders. Hearing the sound of rushing feet, Lucius went back to staring
at the very same kilometer-wide clearing in front of the main gates, looking far away, as if he
was to see something he hasn’t seen in the past fifteen months.

The enemy, the native tribes of northern Britannia, the Picts, do not have any
culture, or understanding of what is proper military or organization. When they don’t launch
a surprise attacks on us, there is constant infighting between the clans from what we
understand. They absolutely cannot rival the Roman army and yet not a single legion came
back from the expedition further north. They just disappear like a morning mist that was
touched by sun. After several attempts to actively pacify the clans, we built this wall, which
is a testament as to how “easy” it is to take control of these animal-like people. “Oh, Gods
this is second Gaul, first we negate the enemy to the status of just a ‘brute’. Then we fight
and our soldiers die in thousands, and not even after a year we make peace, Gaul became a
province, brutes became citizens and then comrades.” He let out a sarcastic chuckle, “I wish I
could talk to those senators about their politics, and explain them a thing or two” thought
Lucius. Fifteen months of constant attacks on the wall, they want to destroy us who
arbitrarily drew a line on the map that wasn’t there a decade ago. And nobody is interested
enough in this edge of the civilized world to send a sufficient amount of good troops to stifle
them once and for all.

Lucius slowly took off his heavy helmet that had distinct plumage of white and red,
signifying his rank among the peers. It was getting dark fast, and the forest that lied ahead
was eerily quiet, not even the usual evening bird song was present. One particular trait of
Picts is that they enjoy frustrating their opponent, and do a show of force in front of us.
Often at the edge of the forest, just before clearing, one could hear them singing war-songs
and hitting their weapons together against each other. “Something Is wrong, tonight two
men each hundred paces should stand abreast, the best ones too,” thought Lucius.

With those thoughts he stepped away from the edge of the wall, and headed down
the stairs. In a courtyard there was a small, building with a visible dark smoke rising from the
top of the roof, it was the canteen. Reaching a heavy wooden double-door that was covered
with the metal studs for reinforcement, he leaned with his whole body against the left side
of it and it opened with an annoying creak. It was always dim inside of the canteen, for the
lack of the torches, that were being utilized elsewhere, but tonight it was nearly pitch black
inside. Only the dying fire in the central hearth was a visible source of light. After stepping
forward away from the door his foot landed on something soft, it was a hand of one of the
soldiers. Immediately the realisation began to sink in, that they must have scaled further
down the wall, away from the main fort. Cold metal went through the layers of clothing that
helplessly tried to keep him warm, and sunk right between his ribs. Lucius fell to his knees,
meanwhile the invader slowly walked around him. He was smiling with his rotten teeth and
tangled hair. That was the triumphant smile of a victor; he even used a Roman sword to
accomplish this execution.

“It would be a short posting, just to pacify the barbarians,” thought Lucius. He felt
the intense heat of the summer sun on his face and could smell the sweet scent of ripe fruit
carried by the wind. Lucius smiled back at the Pict warrior, and with the blood dripping from
his mouth he said, “I am home.”

title: [HF] The Wall

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who speaks to Lucius about his posting at Hadrian's Wall saying: "We need men like you Lucius..."?

answer: The commander of his legion.

answer: This information can't be found.

text: It can

answer: Pontius Preotius

text: Don't make up characters

answer: The commander of Lucius' legion speaks to him about his posting at Hadrian's Wall.

answer: The commander of Lucius' legion talks to him about his posting at Hadrian's Wall.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What time period is the story set in?

answer: The story is set in the ancient Roman Empire.

answer: Hadrian's wall was active during the Roman times.

answer: The story is set in the ancient past.

answer: no indication given

text: Yes there was

answer: That information can’t be found

text: Yes it can

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who are the main characters of the story?

answer: The main characters of the story are Lucius, the centurion in charge of the wall, and the Picts, the native tribes of northern Britannia.

answer: Lucius, Carbo.

answer: Lucius, the Centurion (commander) of the fort, and Carbo is another veteran.

answer: The main characters of the story are the centurion Lucius and the Pict warrior.

answer: Lucius, the centurion; Carbo, a veteran in his legion; and the enemy that killed him.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the major events of the story?

answer: The protagonist, Lucius, goes to Hadrian's Wall to bring Rome to a barbarian province. Lucius is ordered to stand guard on the wall where barbarians regularly attack. One night, while on guard duty, Lucius is killed by a Pict, the barbarian tribes of northern Britannia.

answer: Lucius is posted at Hadrian's wall. His men are hungry, Lucius orders that the salted meat be given to the men. He heads to the canteen to give a new order. He steps on the hand of dead soldier in the canteen and realizes that they must have scaled the wall further away. A sword is sunk between his ribs. Lucius says he is home as the last breath leaves his body.

answer: The protagonist, Lucius, is assigned to watch over Hadrian's Wall, which is located in Britannia. The native tribe known as the Picts attack the wall on a regular basis. At one point, Lucius finds a soldier who had been killed by a Pict, and realizes they have breached the wall. He falls to his knees and is executed by the Pict.

answer: Lucius leaves his home in Sicily to become a centurion in Roman Empire, he has been tasked to bring about order in the wild lands of northern Britannia by building a wall. Centurion Lucius envisions safe guard his future by receiving his own estate on his return home after a few months. 15 months into his posting Lucius is killed with a puncture wound on his chest.

answer: Lucius is deployed to the northern edge of the Empire. After fifteen months of constant attacks, he is killed by the barbarians, who are much faster and unpredictable than the Romans who had trouble subduing them.

question: Write a ~10 sentence summary.

answer: The Wall is a hundred-mile long defensive barrier protecting Hadrian's empire in Britain. Lucius joins the legion stationed there to provide security. One night, while camped out on the wall, a scouting party returns to report that there are no Picts in their five-mile radius. Lucius and his men notice signs that something is amiss, and realize that a Pict raiding party has infiltrated the wall undetected. Lucius is fortunately the first to die, but is now forever home.

answer: Lucius is a centurion posted at Hadrian's wall for a short time. He is offered an estate in Sicilia as reward. His men are hungry, the ground is frozen and they have not received barley. Lucius orders that the salted meat be given to the men to watch tonight. He feels uneasy and wants to increase the guard. He heads to the canteen to give his orders. The canteen is dark, he steps on the hand of dead soldier and realizes that the enemy must have scaled the wall further away. A sword is sunk between his ribs. His enemy walks around him to see his face as he dies. Lucius says he is home as the last breath leaves his body.

answer: Lucius is stationed at Hadrian's Wall in Britannia, to extend Rome's reach. The native Pict tribes continually assault the Wall, and Lucius worries the Romans are losing this war. One night, an enemy fighter sneaks into the camp and slaughters Lucius. The endless cycle of violence weighs heavy on Lucius and he begins to question the purpose of his existence. Despite continuing to fight, rampant violence makes Lucius reconsider his assumed destiny in faraway Britannia.

text: Far too self-reflective

refinement: Lucius is a centurion posted at Hadrian's wall for a short time. He is offered an estate in Sicilia as reward. His men are hungry, the ground is frozen and they have not received barley. Lucius orders that the salted meat be given to the men to watch tonight. He feels uneasy and wants to increase the guard. He heads to the canteen to give his orders. The canteen is dark, he steps on the hand of dead soldier and realizes that the enemy must have scaled the wall further away. A sword is sunk between his ribs. His enemy walks around him to see his face as he dies. Lucius says he is home as the last breath leaves his body.

answer: Lucius has led a new legion to Britannia, the enemy attacks often at the edges of the empire. The soldiers just aren’t up to task, it is bearable in winter but the summer does not help anyone. The main challenge is trying to grow enough food. When the penny drops Lucius knows he has been had, he can never leave. The commanding officer was killed and he is dying in his misery.

text: Little of this is to do with the story

refinement: Lucius is a centurion posted at Hadrian's wall for a short time. He is offered an estate in Sicilia as reward. His men are hungry, the ground is frozen and they have not received barley. Lucius orders that the salted meat be given to the men to watch tonight. He feels uneasy and wants to increase the guard. He heads to the canteen to give his orders. The canteen is dark, he steps on the hand of dead soldier and realizes that the enemy must have scaled the wall further away. A sword is sunk between his ribs. His enemy walks around him to see his face as he dies. Lucius says he is home as the last breath leaves his body.

answer: Lucius joins the Roman army and wills the small black leather ledger book containing his grandfather's blood letters after him. His grandfather was a marauding Romam general who has massacred the Gallic tribes as a ceremonial ritual. He believes the best way for a man to live is to follow his demon father's final wishes: "Kill and marry anyone who surpasses you. Be savage. Drink blood from skulls. Salt the earth behind you. Conquer every inch of the world. Mark your victories with rivers of blood." .He joins the Tempestarii Dux army in Britain and is reaching for the citizenship he always wanted. Lucius's mother died when he was a child and his father was executed as a traitor for being a conspirator with Julian, the last pagan Roman Emperor. He has a kind smile that was mistaken for a weakness of character. Lucius watches the horizon gloomily; he misses his father and his grandfather. He cannot trust anyone, not even the centurion. In fact, he hasn't trusted anyone since his father was betrayed. The cold feet, the damp doubts, and the heat of the summers are at the center of Lucius's thoughts. He's in the Great Island of the Britannic Sea. Lucius is the one that draws the line that places the Picts outside the rule of the Empire. He thinks of his grandfather's promises of blood. He killed his neighbor without pity. Then, he killed his whole family and his women as well. He prays that the gods grant him the ancestor's blessing.

text: What on Earth is this and where is it coming from????

refinement: Lucius is a centurion posted at Hadrian's wall for a short time. He is offered an estate in Sicilia as reward. His men are hungry, the ground is frozen and they have not received barley. Lucius orders that the salted meat be given to the men to watch tonight. He feels uneasy and wants to increase the guard. He heads to the canteen to give his orders. The canteen is dark, he steps on the hand of dead soldier and realizes that the enemy must have scaled the wall further away. A sword is sunk between his ribs. His enemy walks around him to see his face as he dies. Lucius says he is home as the last breath leaves his body.


text:
DANNY LEE FREAD (July 17, 1939 - February 5, 2009) was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.[1]

Early life and education

Danny Fread was born on July 17, 1939 in Tuscola, IL, the son of Harold and Margaret E. Dyer Fread. Danny graduated from Lovington High School, in Lovington, Illinois.[2] He began his undergraduate studies at Carthage College, in Carthage, IL, where he studied liberal arts and excelled in track and field as well as basketball. Danny set a school record for his javelin throw in 1959 and was reputedly the “team's best pole vaulter.”[3] and lettered in basketball,[4] where he was known for his “deadly jump shot.” Fread then transferred to the University of Missouri-Rolla, in Rolla, Missouri and received his B.S. in Civil Engineering in 1961. He ranked first in his graduating class.[5]

Career

After completing his undergraduate degree, Danny Fread worked six years for Texaco, where he was promoted to Senior Engineer, specializing in the design of gravity and pressurized piping systems. He then returned to University of Missouri-Rolla to complete his Ph.D. in civil engineering in 1971.[6] His studies focused on hydraulics / hydrology / mathematics, and his research was centered on unsteady flow and numerical / experimental simulation of breached dams. After earning his degree, he became a research hydrologist with the National Weather Service, where he spent 29 years. Inspired by the tragedy of the failure of the Grand Teton Dam in 1976, he undertook research on the development of computer models to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures. His 1973 ASCE paper presented a conceptual model to alleviate flood damages due to overtopping failures of small earthfill dams. It discussed erosion patterns and the potential reduction in the reservoir release due base on a proposed erosion retarding layer.[7]

During the 70's and 80's he personally formulated, coded, and tested mathematical simulation programs, including:

-   The DWOPER model simulates unsteady flows from rainfall runoff in river systems
-   The DAMBRK and SMPDBK models simulate unsteady flows from breached dams in a single river
-   BREACH simulates the erosive formation of breaches in earthen dams
-   FLDWAV is an improved simulation model of unsteady flows from rainfall-runoff and from breached

dams in a single river or network of rivers. These models have been utilized for unsteady river flow modeling by Federal and State Agencies, as well as private agencies and consulting firms across the United States and Canada and over 20 countries worldwide. Dr. Fread taught numerous training workshops; authored 50 and co-authored 42 professional scientific papers; and contributed chapters to four books including the Handbook of Hydrology.[8] He was also a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society. His career culminated with the position as the Director of the Office of Hydrology with the National Weather Service.

Awards and recognition

Danny Fread received several national awards for his work, including:

-   Department of Commerce Gold Medal
-   Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
-   J.C. Stevens Award from the ASCE
-   Association of State Dam Safety Officials National Award of Merit

Published works

-   Fread, D., & United States. National Weather Service. Hydrologic Research Laboratory. (1988). BREACH, an erosion model for earthen dam failures. Silver Spring, Md.: Hydrologic Research Laboratory, National Weather Service, NOAA.
-   Fread, D., & United States. National Weather Service. Hydrologic Research Laboratory. (1984). DWOPER: National weather service operational dynamic wave model (Hydro technical note, no. 3). Silver Spring, Md.: Hydrologic Research Laboratory, National Weather Service, NOAA.
-   Fread, D., & United States. National Weather Service. (1982). A dynamic model of stage-discharge relations affected by changing discharge (Rev. Oct. 1976, repr. July 1982 ed., Noaa technical memorandum nws hydro, 16). Silver Spring, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service.
-   Fread, D., & United States. Office of Hydrology. (1974). Numerical properties of implicit four-point finite difference equations of unsteady flow (Noaa technical memorandum NWS hydro, 18). Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service.
-   Fread, D., & United States. National Weather Service. Hydrologic Research Laboratory. (1988). The NWS DAMBRK model: Theoretical background/user documentation. Silver Spring, Md.: Hydrologic Research Laboratory, National Weather Service, NOAA.
-   Fread, D., & United States. Office of Water Resources Research. (1971). Transient hydraulic simulation: Breached earth dams (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Missouri--Rolla.
-   Fread, D. L., & Harbaugh, T. E. (1971). Open-channel profiles by Newton's iteration technique. _Journal of Hydrology_, 13, 78–80.
-   Jin, M., Fread, D., & Lewis, J. (2000). Application of relaxation scheme to wave-propagation simulation in open-channel networks. _Journal of Hydraulic Engineering_ -New York-, 126, 89-90.
-   Jin, M., & Fread, D., Member, ASCE. (1997). Dynamic flood routing with explicit and implicit numerical solution schemes. _Journal of Hydraulic Engineering_, 123(3), 166-173. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:3(166)

Personal life

Fread had one daughter, Kristin with Helen Hale Fread in 1962. After his retirement, he and his wife moved to Pennsylvania to be near their daughter and family. He died on February 5, 2009, in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, at the age of 70, and was buried there.[9]

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[5]

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title: Danny Lee Fread

question: Who was Danny Lee Fread?

answer: Danny Lee Fread was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

answer: Danny Lee Fread was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

answer: An American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist.

text: Danny Lee Fread is a hydraulic engineer known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

answer: An American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

question: Where was Danny born?

answer: Danny was born in Tuscola, IL.

text: Fread was born in Tuscola, Illinois on July 17, 1939.

answer: Tuscola, Illinois.

text: Fread was born in Tuscola, Illinois on July 17, 1939.

answer: Tuscola, IL

text: Fread was born in Tuscola, Illinois on July 17, 1939.

answer: Danny Fread was born in Tuscola, Illinois.

text: Fread was born in Tuscola, Illinois on July 17, 1939.

question: What is the highest level of education Danny achieved?

answer: A B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla

text: Fread achieved higher than a bachelor's degree.

refinement: Fread had a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla.

answer: He earned his Ph.D. in civil engineering.

text: Fread completed his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1971 at the University of Missouri-Rolla.

answer: Danny Fread completed his Ph.D. in civil engineering.

text: Fread completed his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1971 at the University of Missouri-Rolla.

answer: Danny Fread received his Ph.D. in civil engineering in 1971.

text: Fread completed his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1971 at the University of Missouri-Rolla.

question: What is the DWOPER model?

answer: A mathematical simulation program developed by Danny Fread that simulates unsteady flows from rainfall runoff in river systems.

answer: The DWOPER model is a computer-based mathematical simulation program for rainfall and runoff. It is used to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

text: The DWOPER model is just a part of the simulation used to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

refinement: The DWOPER model is a computer-based mathematical simulation program that simulates unsteady flows from rainfall runoff in river systems.

answer: The DWOPER model simulates unsteady flows from rainfall runoff in river systems.

answer: It simulates unsteady flows from rainfall runoff in river systems.

question: List the awards Danny received.

answer: Department of Commerce Gold Medal, Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), J.C. Stevens Award from the ASCE, Association of State Dam Safety Officials National Award of Merit

answer: The Department of Commerce Gold Medal, the Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers, the J.C. Stevens Award from the ASCE, and the Association of State Dam Safety Officials National Award of Merit

answer: Department of Commerce Gold Medal, Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), J.C. Stevens Award from the ASCE, Association of State Dam Safety Officials National Award of Merit

answer:
- Department of Commerce Gold Medal
- Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
- J.C. Stevens Award from the ASCE
- Association of State Dam Safety Officials National Award of Merit

question: How did Danny die?

answer: Danny died on February 5, 2009, in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, at the age of 70.

text: The answer is not relevant to the question.

refinement: How Fread died is not revealed in the passage.

answer: According to the passage, Danny Fread died in 2009 at the age of 70.

text: The answer given is not relevant to the question.

refinement: The answer to the question is not revealed in the passage.

answer: He died on February 5, 2009, in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, at the age of 70.

text: The answer given is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: We do not know how Fread died as it was not revealed in the passage.

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Danny Fread was an American hydraulic engineer. He is best known for his mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures. He received several national awards for his work. In addition to the models he developed, he taught numerous training workshops, authored and co-authored scientific papers, and contributed chapters to four books. He also served as Director of the Office of Hydrology with the National Weather Service.

answer: Danny Lee Fread was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist. He was best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures. He was born in 1939 and died in 2009. He received several national awards for his work. He had one daughter, Kristin, with Helen Hale Fread in 1962.

answer: Danny Lee Fread was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures.

text: Not up to five sentences.

refinement: Danny Lee Fread was an American hydraulic engineer and Senior Research Hydrologist. He was best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff to forecast the flow of flooding rivers and dam failures. The names of the computer programs he developed are DWOPER, DAMBRK, SMPDBK, BREACH, and FLDWAY. Fread won many awards for his work.

answer: Danny Fread was a hydraulic engineer and senior research hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff forecasting flooding rivers and dam failures. He was awarded several national awards for his work, and died in 2009 at the age of 70.

text: Not up to five sentences.

refinement: Danny Fread was a hydraulic engineer and senior research hydrologist, best known for his computer-based mathematical simulation programs for rainfall and runoff forecasting flooding rivers and dam failures. He completed his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1971. During the 70s and 80s, he formulated simulations programs like DWOPER, DAMBRK, SMPDBK, BREACH, and FLDWAY to help combat flooding and dam breaches. He was awarded several national awards for his work, and died in 2009 at the age of 70.


text:
--Wrote this half asleep last night. Please ignore the atrocious grammar e.e"--

Ashley sat her desk and stared at her high school  history book.

“Ugh. Two more years of this crap.” She groaned as she laid her head in her hands. The wooden chair squeaked when she got up to refill her empty glass with more sweat tea. It had been 6 months since her mother was found dead in the bedroom down the hall. They ruled it an accidental over dose, a mix of old and new medications. It really didn’t make sense considering she was only taking two medicines, one for her heart and the other for strange delusions she started having a few months before. She claimed the house was haunted and there was a man that talked to her every night and wanted her to be with him.

The beautiful two story farm house was built in the mid 1700’s by a farmer for his family that had 5 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms. A giant screened in semi wrap around porch with an added outdoor barbecue area her dad built a couple years ago, is where Ashley and her parents spent most of their time.   After her mom died, Ashley’s dad picked up an extra job and was rarely home anymore leaving her alone a lot. Random friends and family would come to check on her here and there but mostly it was a couple hours of awkward silence then a made up excuse for why they had to leave. Instead of just saying it creeps them out to be in a house a person died in.

The teen poured her tea then sat cross legged  on the counter by the stove with the pitcher beside her. With only the dim glow of the clock on the stove, she sat in the dark as she listened to the crickets and whipper wills through the closed kitchen window. She imagined the summer nights her and her mother spent in the hammock outback together under the Oak trees. They used to count the stars and make their own constellations or count the craters on the moon. Her phone broke her flashback by singing her ringtone and she hopped of the counter, put the pitcher up, grabbed her glass then headed up the wooden spiral stair case.  Her boyfriend of 5 years usually called her about this time on his way home from work to check on her and  if she didn’t answer he would come over and use the key she gave him on the side door.

When she reached the top of the steps something caught her eye making her stop in the middle of the hallway and stare at the bedroom down the hall. The door was cracked which was odd because her dad forbid anyone go in there and installed a bolt on it. No even he has been in there since her mom died. Her heart raced a little and her phone stopped ringing then started again. She sprinted towards her door spilling some tea on the way and slammed her  door shut while also locking it. Her cell phone was on her desk across the room but she could read the name on it clearly, Mom.

At this point she dropped her tea glass and covered her mouth with her hands. Her phone stopped ringing but she just stared at it. She didn’t know what to think or even what to do. After a few seconds she launched herself to her desk, snatched her phone up and dialed her boyfriends number. It rang and rang and then a voice answered.

“Ashley?” It was a woman’s voice; her mothers voice. She sounded tired and weak as she spoke but Ashley couldn’t reply. Her body was gripped in fear, confusion, and anger was eating at her. She couldn’t believe Tim would play such a prank on her.
“Who is this?! This isn’t funny!” She screamed and cried into the phone.
“Ashley, the door is open for you. Come see me.” Her voice was heard through the phone as well as through Ashley’s door. She stared at her bedroom door unable to move or even breathe. The handle on her door started to turn and then it flew open, but, there was no one there. She looked at her phone but there was only her lock screen, as if there was never a call. Slowly, with her whole body shaking, she walked to her open door and peered out of it to the room down the hall. The bedroom door was open wider now and she could see an outline of something in the doorway with the faint light of the moon through the window in there. Ashley gripped her phone to her chest as she ventured down the hallway, scared completely out of her mind, yet un able to control her body. The outline got clearer the closer she got and she could tell it was the man her mother always talked about. He smiled a smile of pointed teeth  and glowing eyes before he lunged towards her, passing through her body. She felt her breath leaving her body and heard her mothers voice whispering to her.
“Now we will always be together.”
As everything faded into darkness she could here Tim yelling her name from the kitchen; but she would never see him again.

title: [MS] The man down the hall

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What made Ashley's house especially lonely?

answer: Her mother had died six months ago and her father was away at work a lot.

answer: Her mother died in the house and her father was away at work. Ashley was alone a lot.

answer: Her mother died in the house and her father was away at work.