text:
thumb|right|upright=1.35|The exclusive economic zone of Indonesia shown in capri

Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.[1] It has the 3rd largest coastline of 54,720 km (34,000 mi). It is located in Southeast Asia between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Geography

Indonesia is the largest island country in the world. The total land area is , Including of inland seas (straits, bays, and other bodies of water).[2] The total land and sea area (including the EEZ) of Indonesia is about 7.9 million km².[3][4]

The five main islands are: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Western New Guinea. There are two major island groups (Nusa Tenggara and the Maluku Islands) and sixty smaller island groups. Borneo is shared with Malaysia and Brunei; Sebatik (located northeast of Borneo) is shared with Malaysia; Timor is shared with East Timor; and New Guinea is shared with Papua New Guinea (east side).

  Territory            km²         sq mi       Notes
  -------------------- ----------- ----------- -------
  Sumatra
  Java
  Sulawesi
  Western New Guinea
  Nusa Tenggara
  Maluku Islands
  Total                6,159,032   3,827,045

  : EEZ Areas of Indonesia[5]

Disputes

thumb|upright=1.35|right|South China Sea claims and agreements. Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis. In November 2015, Indonesia's security chief Luhut Panjaitan said Indonesia could take China before an international court if Beijing's claim to the majority of the South China Sea and part of Indonesian territory is not resolved through dialogue.[6]

The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia have all officially protested over the use of such a line.[7]

On 26 May 2020, Indonesia sent a formal letter to the United Nations which said “Indonesia reiterates that the Nine-Dash line map implying historic rights claim clearly lacks international legal basis and is tantamount to upsetting UNCLOS 1982,” “As a State Party to UNCLOS 1982, Indonesia has consistently called for the full compliance toward international law, including UNCLOS 1982. Indonesia hereby declares that it is not bound by any claims made in contravention to international law, including UNCLOS 1982,"[8]

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title: Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Indonesia known for, that is highlighted in this article?

answer: Indonesia's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the sixth largest in the world. It is made up of 200 nautical miles from the country's shores and contains the 13,466 islands that make up Indonesia.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores.

answer: Islands.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores.

refinement: Indonesia's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the sixth largest in the world. It is made up of 200 nautical miles from the country's shores and contains the 13,466 islands that make up Indonesia.

answer: It is known for the island country and the sixth largest exclusive economic zone in the world.

text: The question is specific in the information it wants, so only the part about the EEZ is needed.

refinement: Indonesia is known for having the sixth largest exclusive economic zone in the world.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world

text: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world

answer: Indonesia is known for having the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. This is due to the number of islands in its archipelago.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago

answer: Indonesia is known for having the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many islands does Indonesia have and what are they called?

answer: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and they are called the Indonesian archipelago.

text: the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

answer: Thirteen-thousand four-hundred and sixty six (13,466) and islets, of which there are an 2,800 major islands and 6,000 smaller ones, for a total land area of over 5,200,000 square km (2 million square miles).

text: Omit data without supporting information (distribution of island types, and the total land area), and include the answer to the second part of the question ("what are they called?")

refinement: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and they are called the Indonesian archipelago.

text: the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

answer: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and their names are Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Western New Guinea.

text: According to the article, the 13,466 islands are collectively called the Indonesian Archipelago. The 5 names given in the answer are the names of the 5 main islands.

refinement: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and they are called the Indonesian archipelago

text: the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

answer: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and they are called the Indonesian archipelago.

text: the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago

answer: Indonesia has five main islands and they are called: Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Western New Guinea.

text: The question asks how many islands Indonesia has, not just the main islands. This also changes the context of "what are they called".

refinement: Indonesia has 13,466 islands and they are called the Indonesian archipelago.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What significant feature is known about Indonesia?

answer: Indonesia's exclusive economic zone is the sixth-largest in the world with .

text: Grammatical error. Omit "with"

refinement: Indonesia's exclusive economic zone is the sixth-largest in the world.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world

answer: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world

text: This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago.

answer: It is the largest island country in the world.

text: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world.

answer: It is the largest island country in the world. In the Indonesian archipelago, the islands span an area greater than West Germany, stretching from Asia to the Pacific.

text: "In the Indonesian archipelago, the islands span an area greater than West Germany, stretching from Asia to the Pacific." Insufficient data in the article to support this claim. It would be better to not mention this sentence.

refinement: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world.

text: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world.

answer: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world.

text: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the dispute about that is between China and Indonesia?

answer: It is about parts of South China Sea

text: Too vague, the article provides some details that would be more appropriate for answering the question.

refinement: Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis.

answer: The dispute is over China's Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea which overlaps Indonesia's EEZ near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes that China's claim is not legally valid and has threatened to take China to court if the dispute is not resolved through dialogue.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis.

answer: The dispute is about how parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlaps with Indonesia's exclusive economic zone and Indonesia believes that China's claims over these parts have no legal basis.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis

answer: China's claims in the South China Sea conflict with Indonesia's exclusive economic zone, near the Natuna. Indonesia believes China's claims lack legal basis.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis

answer: The dispute is over China's claim to part of Indonesian territory and the majority of the South China Sea. Indonesia believes China's claim has no legal basis.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world with 200 nautical miles from its shores. The country claims territory on 13,466 islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Disputes with China surround part of Indonesia's EEZ near the Natuna Islands, and Indonesia has said it could take China to court if disagreements are not resolved through dialogue.

text: Over 2 sentences

refinement: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world with 200 nautical miles from its shores; the country claims territory on 13,466 islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Disputes with China surround part of Indonesia's EEZ near the Natuna Islands, and Indonesia has said it could take China to court if disagreements are not resolved through dialogue.

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands. Indonesia believes China's claim over parts of the Natuna islands has no legal basis

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago

answer: This article gives various geographical details of the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia and touches on some of the diplomatic territorial disputes that have occurred between Indonesia and adjacent countries. There is also a map which plots Indonesia's exclusive economic zone.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world with . It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the Indonesian archipelago

text: The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia have all officially protested over the use of such a line.[7]

answer: This article discusses Indonesia and some of its significant highlights, including being the largest island country and having the sixth largest exclusive economic zone. The article continues to further discuss a matter of disputer between China and Indonesia.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone (, ZEE) in the world

text: Indonesia is the largest island country in the world

text: Parts of China's Nine-Dash Line overlap Indonesia's exclusive economic zone near the Natuna islands.

text: Indonesia sent a formal letter to the United Nations which said “Indonesia reiterates that the Nine-Dash line map implying historic rights claim clearly lacks international legal basis and is tantamount to upsetting UNCLOS 1982,”

answer: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world and the 3rd largest coastline. The nation makes claims to 200 nautical miles offshore of its shores due to the archipelago of islands it occupies. Indonesia has protested China's use of a Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea, deeming it a lack of international legal basis.

text: Over the two sentence limit.

refinement: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world and the 3rd largest coastline, it makes claims to 200 nautical miles offshore of its shores due to the archipelago of islands it occupies. Indonesia has protested China's use of a Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea, deeming it a lack of international legal basis.

text: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone

text: It has the 3rd largest coastline of 54,720 km (34,000 mi)

text: Indonesia sent a formal letter to the United Nations which said “Indonesia reiterates that the Nine-Dash line map implying historic rights claim clearly lacks international legal basis and is tantamount to upsetting UNCLOS 1982"

text: It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores.

answer: This Wikipedia entry describes Indonesia. It discusses geography, and describes islands, claims, and agreements partly in tension or conflict.

text: Include the actual details.

refinement: Indonesia has the sixth-largest exclusive economic zone in the world and the 3rd largest coastline, it makes claims to 200 nautical miles offshore of its shores due to the archipelago of islands it occupies. Indonesia has protested China's use of a Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea, deeming it a lack of international legal basis.


split: test

text:
Dawn of Darkness
Dark clouds blocked out the sun. Thunder rolled and boomed, as lightning lit up the skies. Below, the salty waves tossed and tumbled, growing larger as the wind whipped and raged from the north. The rain came down in torrents, pelting the deck of the wooden ship, and soaking the wood. The first mate barked out orders to the crew who busied themselves to carry those orders out. The sails were taken in, so as to not be blown off course. The idea was to wait out the storm, as the waves weren’t so bad that they needed to get out of danger. Near the bow, on top deck, a woman cloaked in a silver robe stood by a man who was robbed in royal purple. Both had crowns fastened to their heads. Soldiers stood by, on edge from the storm, but otherwise relaxed. The man smiled down at his wife and looked to the small bundle of joy she held in her arms. A small child, nearly a year old, rested against her mother’s breast. She had dark, nearly obsidian black hair. Her emerald green eyes were closed now, resting while the storm raged on around them. Her little fingers curled tightly around her mother’s necklace. Their calm was shattered by the sound of lightning as it hit the main mast. The following boom of thunder was loud enough to wake the dead. Deckhands scrambled as they tried to put out the fire that was quickly spreading, but another bolt of lighting struck the ship near the stern, and soon they understood their battle with the flames was a lost cause. The captain readied the life boats, and had the king and queen begin to board. A large wave crashed into the side of the ship and the queen and her child were sent flying over the side. The life boat was lowered down into the unforgiving seas. The queen tried to stay close to the boat, but between holding her child’s head above the waves and the weight of her attire, she was quickly losing strength. She felt something brush up against her. The queen was so tired at this point, her arm holding her child threatened to release her. She saw the life boat coming for her, she knew she would be safe soon. But her child.. Suddenly she felt her child being taken from her arms, as if the water itself was wishing her to drop the child. She screamed up at the skies to whatever god might be listening.

“Save my baby, please! Save my Allene!”

Something came up from the waves, a sleek head, covered in scales, long like a horse’s. two horns upon the top of it’s head that looked like blackened icicles, Nearly glowing blue orbs seemed to bring the queen into a state of shock. This was a water dragon. Feared for their ever-changing moods, and loved for their kindness. The desperate mother, without a thought, handed her child up to the dragon, who took it in it’s maw gently. But as the life boats came closer, the dragon’s eyes became a glare. There was a man raging in the small life boat, he was screaming out of fear, and waved a sword in the air. The dragon gave a deep growl and sunk below the waves.

The queen screamed in horror as she watched her baby disappear beneath the black waves, her strength gave out and she began to sink, hoping to join her child in a watery grave. Large hands pulled at her soaked body before she could embrace the darkness that surrounded her and she was pulled into the chaos of life. She sobbed openly as her king held her, the dread and hatred in his eyes was enough to keep the crew silent while they worked on getting everyone safely to shore. The closest line of safety being Conach Moore, an island that held many mountains. On the eastern side there was a small village that would be able to help them get home to Riochtdome.

Beneath the unforgiving waves, in the calm depths of the ocean, the water dragon still carried the young child in it’s maw, a protective barrier surrounded it so that water did not enter the child’s lungs. The dragon had sensed darkness in the King’s heart and sought to save both the mother and the child, but when she had looked for the mother, the king was already pulling her with him. With a heavy heart she took the child to her home, Farlig Dyre. It was a rather large island, filled with forests, mountains, rivers, and plains. It was a beautiful land where Humans dared not tread, and Dragons lived peacefully. She swam up to the edge of the massive cliff that served as a shoreline, digging her claws into the rough earth as she hauled her long, lithe body up the mountainous wall. Her deep blue scales dripped water and left a wet trail as she climbed over the wall and onto the soft lush grass of the northern forest. She placed the now awake, and yet peaceful child, onto the ground. She held her massive head to the sky and beckoned her elders with a roar. As she waited for the sounds of familiar wings beating against the wind, she gathered a few logs and used her claw to dig a small, shallow hole She placed the logs inside and lit a fire with her maw. Her fire was blue, but unlike most fires, it wasn’t as hot as it should be. It was warm, like a sunny day rather than a bursting inferno. She placed the child near the edge of it so as to keep it warm, spreading one of her small wings over her so as to keep her dry. She curled herself up around the child the mother had called Allene, and looked to the skies, awaiting the judgment of her elders.

title: [FN]Dawn of Darkness: The Beginning

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Explain the climax of the story.

answer: The dragon saves the baby and mother from drowning. The dragon takes the baby to its home, Farlig Dyre, where it will be safe.

answer: The climax is when the dragon saves the baby from the water and takes it to her home.

answer: The climax is when the dragon saves the baby from the water and takes it to her home.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the king and queen's relationship?

answer: The king and queen seem to have a good relationship as they are familiar with each other's feelings. The king is very concerned about their child and so is the queen. The king is also very protective of the queen. The queen is scared and upset when her child is taken away by the dragon.

text: It is not stated that they are familiar with each other's feelings.

refinement: The king and queen seem to have a good relationship. The king is very concerned about their child and so is the queen. The king is also very protective of the queen. The queen is scared and upset when her child is taken away by the dragon.

answer: No answer

answer: The king and queen seem to have a good relationship as they are familiar with each other's feelings. The king is very concerned about their child and so is the queen. The king is also very protective of the queen.


text:
June 30, 2019 / 3:24 PM / CBS News

Last decade, when American was embroiled in the Iraq War, a high-ranking U.S. Army Corps of Engineers put her career on the line to stand up to some of the most powerful men in America. She believed that a major corporation had been benefiting from a collection of well-connected contracts that were costing taxpayers tens of millions of dollars in waste, fraud and abuse.

Although she was warned against it by supervisors, she blew the whistle on national TV in front of a Senate committee. "My name is Bunnatine H. Greenhouse. I have agreed to voluntarily appear at this hearing," she addressed the committee.

Bunny Greenhouse was an unlikely whistleblower. In 2005, Greenhouse was the highest-ranked civilian at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

 "When I took my oath of office it said that you will conduct the business of contracting impartially … and with preferential treatment toward none. I saw preferential treatment toward KBR," she told "Whistleblower" host Alex Ferrer in "Bunny's War: The Case Against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers."

KBR was Kellogg Brown and Root — back then, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton.  In the weeks prior to the invasion, Greenhouse learned that KBR was being considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil, or RIO.

"What was the size of this contract?" Ferrer asked.

"Seven billion dollars," she replied.

What Greenhouse didn't know is that even more powerful forces may have been involved.

"A lot of attention fell on Dick Cheney, the vice president, and the fact was that he had been the head of Halliburton for … six years," Vanity Fair journalist Michael Shnayerson explained. "So, the suspicion began to grow that perhaps Cheney was steering government contracts to KBR."

A spokesperson for Dick Cheney told CBS News that the former vice president severed all ties with Halliburton and KBR in the summer of 2000 when he became candidate for vice president.

A representative for KBR said "it's unfortunate that misinformation and myths about KBR's role in supporting the military in Iraq continue to be circulated. These assertions have repeatedly been shown to be false."

For Greenhouse, biting her tongue was never an option. "I can unequivocally state that the abuse related to contracts awarded to KBR represents the most blatant and improper contract abuse I have witnessed during the course of my professional career," she told the Senate committee.

A 2004 government report decided the RIO contract was properly awarded. But the Army eventually split up the contract and, as Greenhouse had requested from the beginning, opened it up to competition.

"Eventually, your enemies at the Army Corps of Engineers caught up with you," Ferrer commented.

"I felt that I was physically being threatened," Greenhouse replied. "They set up a booby trap that caused me to fall," she added.

Born and raised in Rayville, Louisiana, Greenhouse and her six siblings grew up poor in the segregated south. Her parents instilled in her and her siblings a strong sense of morals, integrity and honor; no excuse for being less than the best. In the 1960s, she became the first African American teacher at the newly integrated Unity H.S.

In 1997, she accepted a job with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. She was hired by Lt. General Joe Ballard and was the first African American woman to become the head of contracting within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Greenhouse started to notice a "good ole boys club" forming again at USACE after her boss and mentor, Lt. General Ballard, retired in 2000. Then, in the weeks leading up to the Iraq War in 2003, she attended a top-secret meeting at the Pentagon to discuss details of the Restore Iraqi Oil contract. Present in the room were representatives of Kellogg Brown & Root, a subsidiary of Halliburton, Cheney's former employer.

Greenhouse was concerned about awarding KBR with the no-bid, 5-year contract and urged to accept other bids and limit the duration of the deal. But her objections were never addressed, and KBR received the contract. Later, it was revealed in a draft audit that the company had overcharged the government for fuel purchases by $61 million. She ultimately testified in front of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee.

Greenhouse was the highest-ranked civilian at the Army Corp and she was incredibly good at her job. Because the top brass at USACE couldn't actually fire her, which was a perk of having a high station in the government, they demoted her. When this happened, she was stripped of her security clearance and sent off to a remote cubicle somewhere; she was basically condemned to oblivion. After she filed her whistleblower lawsuit, someone placed a trip wire placed around her cubicle and she fell, permanently damaging her knee.

The Defense Authorization Act Of 2009 reformed some of the very contracting practices that Greenhouse had objected to five years earlier and it limited the duration of certain no-bid contracts.

Greenhouse filed a mixed case lawsuit against the Department of Defense and the Army Corps of Engineers. The whistleblower case claimed that Greenhouse had been retaliated against for speaking out and had faced discrimination based on race, age, and gender. In July 2011, she agreed to a settlement of $970,000.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_"Bunny's War: The Case Against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers"__ aired Friday, June 28 at 8/7c on CBS.  _

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about KBR?

answer: KBR was Kellogg Brown and Root, a subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton. In the weeks prior to the US invasion in Iraq, Greenhouse learned that KBR was being considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil. The contract was for $7 billion. Some sources claim that Dick Cheney, the former vice president, was steering government contracts to KBR.

text: The answer should mention Greenhouse's involvement.

refinement: KBR was Kellogg Brown and Root, a subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton. In the weeks prior to the US invasion in Iraq, Greenhouse learned that KBR was being considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil. The contract was for $7 billion. Some sources claim that Dick Cheney, the former vice president, was steering government contracts to KBR. Greenhouse was concerned about KBR being awarded the contract and urged to accept other bids and limit the duration of the deal, but her objections went unaddressed and KBR received the contract.

answer: KBR is a subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton. The company was considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil (RIO) in the weeks prior to the invasion. Greenhouse was concerned about awarding KBR with the no-bid, 5-year contract and urged them to accept other bids and limit the duration of the deal. She became concerned when it was revealed that KBR had overcharged the government for fuel purchases by $61 million.

answer: KBR was Kellogg Brown and Root, a subsidiary of the oil services firm Halliburton. In the weeks prior to the US invasion in Iraq, Greenhouse learned that KBR was being considered for a massive no-bid contract known as Restore Iraqi Oil. The contract was for $7 billion. Some sources claim that Dick Cheney, the former vice president, was steering government contracts to KBR. KBR was awarded the contract, but it was later revealed that they overcharged the government for fuel purchases.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Dick Cheney?

answer: Dick Cheney is the former vice president of the United States. He was the head of Halliburton for six years. He had ties to Halliburton and KBR, a subsidiary of Halliburton, and was suspected of steering government contracts to KBR. A spokesperson for Cheney said that Cheney severed all ties with Halliburton and KBR in the summer of 2000 when he became candidate for vice president.

answer: Dick Cheney was the vice president at the time and was the former head of Halliburton for six years.

answer: Dick Cheney was the vice president at the time and was the former head of Halliburton for six years. There was suspicion that Cheney was steering government contracts to KBR.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Halliburton's gross annual income?

answer: Kellogg Brown and Root, a subsidiary of Halliburton, had an annual gross income of $2.3 billion in 2005.

text: This answer is unattested.

answer: It is not mentioned in the article.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about retaliation against Greenhouse?

answer: The Army Corps of Engineers demoted Greenhouse, stripped her of her security clearance, and sent her to a remote cubicle after she spoke up about the KBR contract. When she filed a whistleblower lawsuit, someone placed a trip wire around her cubicle, permanently damaging her knee. Greenhouse's settlement from the lawsuit was $970,000.

text: The last sentence does not pertain to the retaliation against her.

refinement: The Army Corps of Engineers demoted Greenhouse, stripped her of her security clearance, and sent her to a remote cubicle after she spoke up about the KBR contract. When she filed a whistleblower lawsuit, someone placed a trip wire around her cubicle, permanently damaging her knee.

answer: Greenhouse was demoted and stripped of her security clearance. She was condemned to oblivion. Someone placed a trip wire around her cubicle and she fell, permanently damaging her knee. Greenhouse filed a lawsuit against the Department of Defense and the Army Corps of Engineers for retaliation and discrimination.

answer: Greenhouse was demoted and stripped of her security clearance. She was condemned to oblivion. Someone placed a trip wire around her cubicle and she fell, permanently damaging her knee.


text:
 the side of cyberbullies, right?

Except there’s one question that didn’t occur to a single senator. What’s cyberbullying?

This isn’t exactly a new problem following the Court of Appeals holding in People v. Marquan M. that Albany County’s cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. The issue isn’t whether bullying isn’t a problem or doesn’t do harm, but defining what it is and doing so in a way that doesn’t violate the First Amendment. As Eric Turkewitz explains, that’s hard to do.

  There is, of course, lots of conduct that we can all agree is bullying, right?  A kid gets taunted by classmates for his less-than-personal personality, and it’s a no-brainer, right?

  Well, almost right. I mean, friends do this kind of stuff to their good buddies after all.  It isn’t just for enemies.

  But still, let’s say it is an “enemy” of sorts — two kids that actually hate each other. How do they know where the line in the sand is located as to what is legitimate and what isn’t?

  So if Kid A wants to say that Kid B’s support of Trump is “idiotic” or “moronic,” or that Kid B seems to be a clueless asshat for believing what s/he believes, would that conduct, if done online, be cyber-bullying? How about if it didn’t involve politics at all, and was purely personal?

  Don’t we have a right to call each other schmucks?

This, of course, doesn’t begin to scratch the surface of the problem, neither from the perspective of what is bullying to what is free speech. It’s one of those words that people believe they know when they see, but when put to the test of defining, come up empty.

So the New York Senate came up with a solution in SB2318A:

  12-A. CYBERBULLYING.

  1. AS USED IN THIS SECTION, THE FOLLOWING TERMS SHALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS:

  A. MINOR SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN.

  B. PERSON SHALL MEAN ANY NATURAL PERSON OR INDIVIDUAL.

  2. ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY ENGAGES IN A REPEATED COURSE OF CYBERBULLYING OF A MINOR SHALL BE GUILTY OF AN UNCLASSIFIED MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY A FINE OF NOT MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS, OR BY A PERIOD OF IMPRISONMENT NOT TO EXCEED ONE YEAR, OR BY BOTH SUCH FINE AND IMPRISONMENT.
  3. This act shall take effect immediately.

Notice anything missing there? No definition of cyberbullying. Not a good one. Not a bad one. None at all. It’s a misdemeanor to engage in a “repeated course of cyberbullying,” but what that might be is anyone’s guess.

Is the Senate trying to leave a huge, gaping hole for prosecutors to fill? Or maybe they figure that if the courts are going to be such constitutional sticklers, let judges come up with the definition? Is there any judge so ignorant of law that he wouldn’t toss any prosecution based on this law? Is there any judge willing to create a definition to fill the Senate’s gaping hole? It’s one thing to try to rationalize a statutory definition with constitutional limitations, but this one doesn’t stand a chance.

Turk makes the obvious legal observation:

  There is no point passing version 2.0 of a law that will one day be ruled unconstitutional.

Of course it will, as there is no other conceivable option but to hold this ridiculous attempt to criminalize cyberbullying unconstitutional. But there is, of course, a “point” to passing this shockingly badly written law. It enables senators to tell their constituents how much they hate cyberbullying, how much they love children, how hard they worked to craft a law to criminalize one and protect the other. And when those mean ol’ judges trash the law because of that loophole called the Constitution, it will be on their robed shoulders.

Hard as it may be to accept, law is hard, and writing law is very hard. Sometimes, it’s impossible to draft a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong because it’s subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances, and any attempt to define it inherently implicates the right to call someone a schmuck. And like it or not, we have the right to say words about other people with whom we disagree in America.

But this law is just a cynical attempt to game the emotions of the electorate, as it has absolutely no chance of passing constitutional muster. The senators didn’t even give it a try, and as much as they may not be the sharpest knives in the legislature, even they know that you can’t criminalize cyberbullying by defining it as cyberbullying.

The one thing they do know is that the voters won’t think any harder than they worked on drafting a viable law, and will kvell over their concern for the children. And really, isn’t the what law is all about, getting re-elected?

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the main news event.

answer: The New York Senate wrote a law making cyberbullying a misdemeanor without clearly defining the concept of cyberbullying. The writer of this article sees no way that this law will not be deemed unconstitutional. His theory is that the senators wrote the law in this way for two reasons: Because the definition of cyberbullying constantly evolves and the senators want to create the impression that they're doing something about cyberbullying to get re-elected.

answer: A New York Senate bill to criminalize cyberbullying includes no definition of what constitutes cyberbullying, resulting in an unconstitutional law.

answer: The article discusses the difficulties in defining what constitutes cyberbullying.

text: The main event is the New York law

refinement: The New York State Senate has passed a law banning cyberbullying, however it lacks any definition of what constitutes cyberbullying. The author of the article feels that the law will inevitably be found unconstitutional due to its ambiguity. The article discusses the difficulties in defining what constitutes cyberbullying.

answer: The New York Senate has attempted to criminalize cyberbullying by defining it vaguely and omitting a definition altogether. Any attempt to enforce such a law as written would most likely be unconstitutional, resulting in its demise. The law is purely cynical and designed to game the emotions of the electorate.

text: "by defining it vaguely and omitting a definition altogether" is a contradiction

refinement: The New York Senate has attempted to criminalize cyberbullying but omitted a definition altogether. Any attempt to enforce such a law as written would most likely be unconstitutional, resulting in its demise. The law is purely cynical and designed to game the emotions of the electorate.

answer: The new law in New York is referenced as the Cyberbullying law, and the legislature tried to define what cyberbullying is but failed in this. They passed a version of the law, which was intended to be overruled on Constitutional grounds, as there was no way to define what cyberbullying is. The law was approved by the New York Senate.

text: First sentence is very poorly phrased; the main event was the passing of a new law

refinement: The New York Senate passed a new anti-cyberbullying law, but they failed to provide a definition of cyberbullying. They passed a version of the law, which was intended to be overruled on Constitutional grounds, as there was no way to define what cyberbullying is.

text: The author argues that the law is meant to be overturned on Constitutional grounds

refinement: The New York Senate passed a new anti-cyberbullying law, but they failed to provide a definition of cyberbullying. The author argues that the law was intended to be overruled on Constitutional grounds.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about cyberbullying?

answer: Bullying is a problem and causes harm, but defining what it is in a way that does not violate the First Amendment is nearly impossible. The writer defines it as enemies taunting one another and invalidating each other's opinions. The New York Senate did not attempt to define cyberbullying at all but wrote SB2318A in such a way that cyberbullying is defined as cyberbullying. It might have been their intention that a judge develop the definition because it is extremely difficult to write a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong and that is also subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances. Any attempt to define cyberbullying will infringe on the First Amendment.

text: The author doesn't define cyberbullying

refinement: Bullying is a problem and causes harm, but defining what it is in a way that does not violate the First Amendment is nearly impossible. The New York Senate did not attempt to define cyberbullying at all but wrote SB2318A in such a way that cyberbullying is defined as cyberbullying. It might have been their intention that a judge develop the definition because it is extremely difficult to write a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong and that is also subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances. Any attempt to define cyberbullying will infringe on the First Amendment.

text: The last sentence is redundant

refinement: Bullying is a problem and causes harm, but defining what it is in a way that does not violate the First Amendment is nearly impossible. The New York Senate did not attempt to define cyberbullying at all but wrote SB2318A in such a way that cyberbullying is defined as cyberbullying. It might have been their intention that a judge develop the definition because it is extremely difficult to write a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong and that is also subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances.

text: "cyberbullying is defined as cyberbullying" is accurate, but unnecessary

refinement: Bullying is a problem and causes harm, but defining what it is in a way that does not violate the First Amendment is nearly impossible. The New York Senate did not attempt to define cyberbullying at all but wrote SB2318A in such a way that the term is left ambiguous. It might have been their intention that a judge develop the definition because it is extremely difficult to write a law that criminalizes conduct that is harmful and wrong and that is also subject to constant variation based on unique circumstances.

answer: The text mentions that while the Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional, defining what it is and doing s, in a way that doesn't violate the First Amendment, is difficult.

text: Ungrammatical response

refinement: The text mentions that while the Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional, defining what it is and doing so in a way that doesn't violate the First Amendment is difficult.

text: Note the law passed by the New York Senate

refinement: The text mentions that while the Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional, defining what it is and doing so in a way that doesn't violate the First Amendment is difficult. The New York Senate recently passed an anti-cyberbullying law, but refrained from defining cyberbullying at all.

answer: It's unclear what cyberbullying is. The author adds that adopting a definition of cyberbullying also (controversially) implicates the right to call someone a schmuck.

text: While the author does talk about the right to call people a "schmuck," it would be more accurate to say that any definition of cyberbullying could conflict with the First Amendment

refinement: It's unclear what cyberbullying is. The author notes that any legal definition of cyberbullying would probably violate the First Amendment.

answer: The text does not define cyberbullying. Instead, it simply creates a misdemeanor for "any person" who knowingly engages in repeated cyberbullying of a minor. No specifics are provided.

text: This response seems to be interpreting the question with respect to the Senate bill, not the article

text: Note the discussion about the First Amendment

refinement: The text does not define cyberbullying. The author argues that any legal definition of cyberbullying would risk violating the First Amendment.

answer: The text does not define cyberbullying but rather defines "cyberbullying" as any repeated course of conduct cyberbullying of a minor. There is no meaningful definition of cyberbullying included in the text.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the historical context around the news event.

answer: No answer

text: Provide a response

refinement: The Court of Appeals held in People v. Marquan M. that Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional, which led to the new bill in the New York Senate.

answer: The Court of Appeals in Albany County held in People v. Marquan M. that the County's cyberbullying law is unconstitutional. The New York Senate attempted to write a law to criminalize cyberbullying but failed to define the concept at all. The reason for their attempt is because cyberbullying is becoming a hot button topic for re-election and a big problem socially.

answer: A New York Court of Appeals ruling declared Albany County's cyberbullying law unconstitutional, and following this ruling, New York state senators proposed a vaguely defined law criminalizing "cyberbullying" of minors. The law has no definitive definition of what constitutes "cyberbullying" and as such is likely to be unconstitutional if it is ever enforced. The law exists solely for the benefit of senators to signal their concern for children and garner electoral support.

answer: Numerous New York senators introduced a bill on March 30th of this year that would make it a misdemeanor to engage in cyberbullying, but failed to define what that means. This bill is patently unconstitutional, as it violates the First Amendment and doesn't provide any definition for what constitutes cyberbullying. The bill was introduced in response to a ruling in People v. Marquan M. that the state's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. This is an attempt by the Senators to give the illusion that they care about children and will work to criminalize harmful behavior toward them. This bill has no chance of passing as it doesn't meet the constitutional requirements.

text: The input does not say the bill was introduced by "numerous New York senators" or that it was passed "March 30th"

refinement: The New York Senate introduced a bill that would make it a misdemeanor to engage in cyberbullying, but failed to define what that means. This bill is patently unconstitutional, as it violates the First Amendment and doesn't provide any definition for what constitutes cyberbullying. The bill was introduced in response to a ruling in People v. Marquan M. that the state's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. This is an attempt by the Senators to give the illusion that they care about children and will work to criminalize harmful behavior toward them. This bill has no chance of passing as it doesn't meet the constitutional requirements.

text: The ruling in People v. Marquan M. was about a county law

refinement: The New York Senate introduced a bill that would make it a misdemeanor to engage in cyberbullying, but failed to define what that means. This bill is patently unconstitutional, as it violates the First Amendment and doesn't provide any definition for what constitutes cyberbullying. The bill was introduced in response to a ruling in People v. Marquan M. that Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. This is an attempt by the Senators to give the illusion that they care about children and will work to criminalize harmful behavior toward them. This bill has no chance of passing as it doesn't meet the constitutional requirements.

text: The bill might pass; it's just unlikely to hold up in court

refinement: The New York Senate introduced a bill that would make it a misdemeanor to engage in cyberbullying, but failed to define what that means. This bill is patently unconstitutional, as it violates the First Amendment and doesn't provide any definition for what constitutes cyberbullying. The bill was introduced in response to a ruling in People v. Marquan M. that Albany County's cyberbullying law was unconstitutional. This is an attempt by the Senators to give the illusion that they care about children and will work to criminalize harmful behavior toward them.

answer: No answer


text:
He had always wondered what it would feel like to die.

Going into the War, watching his friends and comrades fade from this world, watching them fall before bullet and disease, like wheat before a scythe, he had wondered how it would feel to leave this world: screaming or silent; in pain or at peace; begging for mercy, or cursing and hateful.

It was a curious thing, to think about one’s own demise; to be aware that one’s life will, inevitably, end. Yet still he pondered, even as he fought in the trenches, bullets and dirt flying past his face, how it would feel to simply... go.

But now he knew, as he gazed across the horizon watching the waves of heat rising across the baked sand, his feet as heavy as he trudged across the barren land, that this is Death.

Death is not pain, not agony, not fear and hurt followed by a gentle, caressing, descent into a blissful and endless sleep. Nor is Death sadness and regret, a time of rueful reflection as you say everything you wished you had said, to those you wished to have said it to. Nor, for that matter, is Death peaceful, a gentle, tranquil time where you can simply pass, at peace with the knowledge that you have accomplished that which you were able.

No, Death is none of these things. These feeling, these thoughts, were reserved for the time before Death. But in Death, in the final seconds before one’s life ends, there is but one thing you feel, and one thing only:

Weary.

Indeed, that is how he felt, as sand caked his face and wormed its way into his eyes and mouth, simply, weary.

He did not feel regret; though he knew he should’ve held his wife just that little bit tighter, given her just one more kiss, told her he loved her just one more time.

He did not feel anger; he did not beat against the ground and scream Why? Why me! The world would carry on without him, and there was naught that fear and hate would accomplish.

He did not feel sadness; but he might have had he known he was a father.

No, he felt none of these things. These were not the thoughts that occupied the mind of the man in the throes of death, for his weariness encompassed everything, enveloping him in a blanket of emptiness, smoothing over the highs and lows of his emotions, and leaving nothing but a blank, flat, smooth slate.

He would die out here, indeed, he was in the final minutes, the last seconds, of his life. He cared not what would come after; he had never been a religious man, but knew that he would deserve whatever came. Nor did he dwell on what had come before; he had done his duty to his country, served it to the best of his ability. He had loved his wife with all his heart, and cared for his mother and father, even when they no longer recognized his face.

No, he saw no reason to dwell on any of these things. All he felt was his skin burning, slowly, as the merciless sun beat down on him. And his weariness, so constant, so unwavering, that it had become like a weight upon his back.

One which, eventually, brought him to his hands and knees, panting, and sweating on the sand. Distantly, he felt a drop drip down his nose, tickling him . It reached the end and clung there, on the tip of his nose, before dripping off. He watched it, seeing it fall, before falling himself.

He had heard that in the final moments a person’s life, their entire life flashes before their eyes. He waited, expecting this slideshow of memories to appear at any moment, in the hope that he would be able to see his wife’s face just... one more time.

His eyes closed, he waited.

His body limp, he waited.

Weary to his bones, he waited.

title: [MF] Waiting

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the protagonist's sentiment about death?

answer: He does not feel any of the feelings that are usually associated with death. He only feels weary.

text: The answer could specify the feelings that are usually associated with death: that it is pain, agony, fear, and sadness.

refinement: He does not feel any of the feelings that are usually associated with death, such as pain, agony, fear, or sadness. He only feels weary.

answer: He feels that death is not pain, agony, fear, or sadness. He feels that death is simply weary.

answer: He feels that death is not pain, agony, fear, or sadness.


text:
There was once an old homeless man who lived on the corner of fifth and first, in a frigid alleyway that resembled underground Bangkok. Cluttered with heaps of trash and feces from the locals. It was nicknamed The Devil’s Taint by the crack-addicts that dwelled in its air of despair.
	 This old man was a heron addict has been for 12 years since he lost his job as a news anchor. Wife left him for the best man at their wedding, DeMarcus. She took the kids to Costa Rica so they would forget he ever existed. Yeah his life was in a real shitter. He would try to fix himself up and get his life straight. Every time he tried a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger. Happiness…

	Today’s the first of June, and the homeless man was ready for his Katabasis. He’s been preparing for weeks by now. The sun begins its descent down the horizon, and with its departure, arrived a familiar face. The black lab he adored. The dog approached him and laid its head on his lap, then fell asleep. With a smile on his face, he looked at the heavens and somehow felt at peace. Time passed, hours to days, days to weeks, and weeks to months. It was around December when the tailored man came.
	The tailored man was in his mid 30’s, a stunning doppelganger to the homeless man’s past. He was in a rush when he scurried past the old man and the dog. Stunned the tailored man turned around to observe the dog. A joyous smiled appeared on his face. He turned to the old man with delight and asked, “How much for this dog?”
	Startled the old man replied, “He’s not for sale.”
	“How about $1,000,” protested the tailored man?
	“No,” the old man yelled.
	“$10,000,” the tailored man rebuttal.
	“No,” the old man yelled infuriated.
	The tailored man got down on his knees and begged, “Please I’ll give you a millionaire dollars this dog.”
	“Why do you want this dog so bad,” the old man asked?
	‘You see when I was a boy I had a dog named Maverick, who was a black lab. He looked exactly like that dog over there. One day my mother got sick of him and decided to let him go in the woods. I cried for weeks because I lost the only person who understood me. And now here I am looking at a clone of him. So please Sir, I’m begging sell me your dog.”
	The Old man contemplated whether or not to give up the dog. It was a symbol for everything he once had, but with the money he could get it all back.  Thoroughly thought through he decided to sell the dog. The tailored man’s faced lighted up like a virgin who was about to lose his virginity to a cheerleader. He signed a check, handed it over to the old man and left feeling whole again. As for the old man he started over again.
	Cleaned up and fresh out of rehab he invested his money into nanotechnology, which turned him into a Billionaire. He lived in 10-acre mansion with a 3-acre yard, Olympic sized ground pool and Jacuzzi. He had a trophy wife with a bust of a goddess, and trophy cars to match. This old man had it all, except the dog. The only true serenity he had in his life. Now he’s the tailored man. The empty tailored man.

title: False Smile

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about life in rehab?

answer: The old man is in rehab and is clean and fresh when he invests his money into nanotechnology.

answer: No answer

text: The answer is in the passage, though it is not a comprehensive answer.

refinement: The old man is in rehab and is clean and fresh when he invests his money into nanotechnology.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the old homeless man?

answer: The old homeless man was once a news anchor who became an addict after his wife left him for his best friend, DeMarcus. His life was a mess and he thought about fixing things but the black lab that came to keep him company left him when he picked up a needle. He had been homeless for about 12 years and now he was ready to go through his katabasis. He's such a faithful owner to the dog that he wouldn't sell it even when a tailor tried to buy it. The old man was contented with his life until he sold the dog and replaced it with money, which only made his life less fulfilled in the end.

answer: The old homeless man was a heroin addict for 12 years. He lost his job as a news anchor and his wife left him for the best man at their wedding. His life was in a real shitter. He would try to fix himself up and get his life straight, but a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger. The old man sold the dog to a man who wanted it. He invested the money into nanotechnology, which turned him into a billionaire.

text: mention his feelings at the ending.

refinement: The old homeless man was a heroin addict for 12 years. He lost his job as a news anchor and his wife left him for the best man at their wedding. His life was in a real shitter. He would try to fix himself up and get his life straight, but a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger. The old man sold the dog to a man who wanted it. He invested the money into nanotechnology, which turned him into a billionaire. However, the dog was the only serenity he had in his life.

answer: The old homeless man was a heroin addict for 12 years. He lost his job as a news anchor and his wife left him for the best man at their wedding. His life was in a real shitter. He would try to fix himself up and get his life straight, but a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger.

text: The answer is half incomplete.

refinement: The old homeless man was a heroin addict for 12 years. He lost his job as a news anchor and his wife left him for the best man at their wedding. His life was in a real shitter. He would try to fix himself up and get his life straight, but a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger. The old man sold the dog to a man who wanted it. He invested the money into nanotechnology, which turned him into a billionaire. However, the dog was the only serenity he had in his life.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the connection between the young tailored man and the old homeless man?

answer: The young tailored man loves dogs and always loved the black Labrador that was our homeless man's companion. He wants to buy it.

text: The tailored man had a dog that looked the same.

refinement: The young tailored man loved a black Labrador that looked like the homeless man's dog. He wants to buy it.

answer: The young tailored man loves dogs and always loved the black Labrador that was our homeless man's companion. He wants to buy it. The old man sells the dog to the young man, and the young man becomes a billionaire.

answer: The homeless man sells the dog to the young man for $10,000. The young man uses the money to invest in nanotechnology, which turns him into a billionaire.

text: The young tailored man loved a black Labrador that looked like the homeless man's dog.

refinement: The young tailored man loved a black Labrador that looked like the homeless man's dog. The homeless man sells the dog to the young man for $10,000. The young man uses the money to invest in nanotechnology, which turns him into a billionaire.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the significance of the black labrador?

answer: The old heron addict, who is a homeless man, has been a heroin addict for 12 years since he lost his job as a news anchor. He would try to fix himself and get his life straight. Every time he tried, a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger.

answer: The old heron addict, who is a homeless man, has been a heroin addict for 12 years since he lost his job as a news anchor. He would try to fix himself and get his life straight. Every time he tried, a black lab would come to keep him company, but would leave if he picked up a needle. The dog reminded him of the fortune he once had and lost at a snap of a finger. The dog is also significant to the tailored man, who wants to buy the dog because it reminds him of his childhood dog.

answer: The black labrador is a dog that the homeless man acquired years ago. It has been with him for 12 years and is the only one that stayed with him. The black labrador is a symbol of the fortune the homeless man once had and lost. The dog reminds him of how happy he was before his wife left him. The dog is also a reminder of the only person who understood him when he was a child.


text:
She is scheduled to be deported to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, on Tuesday.

— -- An Ohio woman, a mother of four, was scheduled to be deported on Tuesday after authorities discovered her immigration status during a traffic stop last month.

Beatriz Morelos, who has lived in Painesville, Ohio, just east of Cleveland, for nearly two decades, was arrested for driving without a license last week, according to city records, which is when officials discovered that she has been living in the country illegally and turned her over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

She is scheduled to be deported on Tuesday to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, which is in an area that the U.S. Department of State warns travelers to avoid “due to violent crime, including homicide, armed robbery, carjacking, extortion and sexual assault,” according to its website.

Morelos’ husband, Jose DeJesus, said he feels his family’s worst nightmare has come true.

“For years, this has been her worst fear, and it’s coming true,” he told ABC’s Cleveland affiliate, WEWS on Monday. “She said that she’s very afraid, that she doesn’t want to go back to a country where she’s coming from, because her life is at risk over there.”

Morelos, 33, was awaiting deportation at an ICE detention center in Tiffin, Ohio, as of Monday evening, but her attorney, Elizabeth Ford, said she is working to get the U.S. to rethink its decision.

Ford said she is trying to get ICE to grant Morelos a stay, which she admits is difficult because of the way the country’s new immigration laws are written.

“It is absolutely impossible for people in her situation and in many other people’s situations to correct their status with how the laws are written now,” Ford told WEWS on Monday. “If she was able to correct her status, she absolutely would have, just like many of the other people would.”

Ford said that Morelos does not have a criminal history and that she would be separated from her four young children, who are U.S. citizens, and her husband, who’s in the U.S. on a visa.

“I can’t imagine putting a mother, who’s in her mid-30s with four U.S. citizen children, there alone,” Ford told WEWS. “She has no family in Mexico. Her entire family is in the United States. It’s absolutely horrific to think that this is where this young woman is going.”

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[ABC News]

------------------------------------------------------------------------

question: What would become of Morelos' family if she is deported?

answer: If Morelos is deported, her husband and four children will be left behind in the United States.

answer: Her family would be separated.

answer: Her husband and four children would be left behind.

answer: It is not stated.

text: It is stated that she would be in another country alone, and separated from her children and husband. It is stated.

refinement: She would be separated from her husband and four children.

question: Given Morelos's situation, can it be said the new immigration laws are flawed?

answer: Yes, it can be said that the new immigration laws are flawed.

text: The answer should clarify why the laws are flawed.

refinement: Yes, it can be said that the new immigration laws are flawed because they make it impossible for people to correct their status.

answer: Yes, it can be said that the new immigration laws are flawed because they make it impossible for people to correct their status.

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it can be said that the new immigration laws are flawed, as they make it difficult for people like Morelos to correct their immigration status. Additionally, the U.S. Department of State warns travelers to avoid the area where Morelos is being deported to due to violent crime, which could put her in danger.

text: The answer over-explains with irrelevant information.

refinement: Based on the information in the passage, it can be said that the new immigration laws are flawed, as they make it difficult for people like Morelos to correct their immigration status.

answer: It is uncertain.

text: The article presents evidence to indicate it 'can be said' the laws are flawed. This isn't stated in the answer.

refinement: Given Morelos' situation, it can be said the new immigratuon laws are flawed as they make it almost impossible for someone to change their status.

question: Why did Morelos dread going back to her country?

answer: According to the passage, Morelos dreads going back to her country because she believes her life is at risk there.

answer: She is afraid of her life being at risk.

answer: Because her life would be at risk over there.

answer: She is scheduled to be deported to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, on Tuesday.

text: The answer is for a different question.

refinement: Morelos dreads going back to Mexico because she feels her life would be at risk.

question: Why didn't Morelos try to correct her citizenship status before getting caught?

answer: It might be implied from the passage that it is difficult for illegal immigrants to correct their status.

text: 'It might be implied' should read 'It is implied'

refinement: It is implied from the passage that it is difficult for illegal immigrants to correct their status.

answer: She didn't have the money to do so.

text: The article doesn't say anything about money. The answer should reflect the article's content.

refinement: The article implies that new immigration laws make it too difficult to change one's status.

answer: According to the passage, Morelos did not try to correct her citizenship status because the current laws make it "absolutely impossible" to do so.

answer: She didn't have the money to do so.

text: The article doesn't say anything about money. The answer should reflect the article's content.

refinement: The article implies that new immigration laws make it too difficult to change one's status.

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: Beatriz Morelos, a Mexican citizen, was an illegal immigrant resident in Ohio, Cleveland, and was detained by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement. She had lived in the U.S. for nearly two decades with her family, a husband on a U.S. visa, and her four children, who are U.S. citizens. The law would have Morelos separated from her four young children and be deported to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. Morelos was afraid to return to her country because she believed her life would be at risk there. Also, all her family members were in the U.S. While detained by the I.C.E, her attorney, Elizabeth Ford, tried to plead her case for reconsideration, given Morelos had no criminal record. She furthermore found her being separated from her family an unfair condition.

answer: Beatriz Morelos, a mother of four, was scheduled to be deported on Tuesday after authorities discovered her immigration status during a traffic stop last month. She has lived in Painesville, Ohio, just east of Cleveland, for nearly two decades. She was arrested for driving without a license last week, and officials discovered that she has been living in the country illegally. She is scheduled to be deported to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, which is in an area that the U.S. Department of State warns travelers to avoid “due to violent crime, including homicide, armed robbery, carjacking, extortion and sexual assault.” Her husband, Jose DeJesus, said he feels his family’s worst nightmare has come true. Morelos is awaiting deportation at an ICE detention center in Tiffin, Ohio, as of Monday evening, but her attorney, Elizabeth Ford, said she is working to get the U.S. to rethink its decision. Ford said she is trying to get ICE to grant Morelos a stay, which she admits is difficult because of the way the country’s new immigration laws are written.

answer: Beatriz Morelos, a mother of four, was scheduled to be deported on Tuesday to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, which is in an area that the U.S. Department of State warns travelers to avoid “due to violent crime, including homicide, armed robbery, carjacking, extortion and sexual assault,” according to its website. Morelos’ husband, Jose DeJesus, said he feels his family’s worst nightmare has come true. Morelos, 33, was awaiting deportation at an ICE detention center in Tiffin, Ohio, as of Monday evening, but her attorney, Elizabeth Ford, said she is working to get the U.S. to rethink its decision. Ford said she is trying to get ICE to grant Morelos a stay, which she admits is difficult because of the way the country’s new immigration laws are written. “It is absolutely impossible for people in her situation and in many other people’s situations to correct their status with how the laws are written now,” Ford told WEWS on Monday. “If she was able to correct her status, she absolutely would have, just like many of the other people would.” Ford said that Morelos does not have a criminal history and that she would be separated from her four young children, who are U.S. citizens, and her husband, who’s in the U.S. on a visa. “I can’t imagine putting a mother, who’s in her mid-30s with four U.S. citizen children, there alone,” Ford told WEWS. “She has no family in Mexico. Her entire family is in the United States. It’s absolutely horrific to think that this is where this young woman is going.”

text: The summary feels more like a re-written report and could use some editing to reflect that it is a summary.

refinement: Beatriz Morelos, a mother of four, was scheduled to be deported on Tuesday to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, which is in an area that the U.S. Department of State warns travelers to avoid “due to violent crime, including homicide, armed robbery, carjacking, extortion and sexual assault.” Morelos, was awaiting deportation at an ICE detention center in Tiffin, Ohio,  but her attorney, Elizabeth Ford, said she is working to reverse the decision. Ford said she is trying to get ICE to grant Morelos a stay, which she admits is difficult because of the way the country’s new immigration laws are written. “It is absolutely impossible for people in her situation and in many other people’s situations to correct their status with how the laws are written now. Ford said that Morelos does not have a criminal history and that she would be separated from her four young children, who are U.S. citizens, and her husband, leadin to her being isolated in a dangerous place upon deportation.

answer: Beatriz Morelos, a mother of four, is scheduled to be deported to Nuevo Laredo, Mexico on Tuesday. Her attorney is working to get her stay, but because of the country's new immigration laws, it is difficult to change her status. If deported, she will be separated from her four U.S. citizen children and husband.


text:
POCKET PALMA (sometimes stylized in all lowercase or sentence case) is a Croatian synthwave duo formed in Zagreb in 2012 by Anja Papa and Luka Vidović.[1][2][3] Until 2019, they were known under the name SIDE PROJECT. As Side Project, they have released two albums, _Things Which No One Else Should Know About_ in 2015 and _Lonely Boys_ in 2017.[4][5]

In 2018, Papa and Vidović decided to rebrand, replacing dark pop sound with nostalgic synthwave sound of the '80s and starting to make music in their native Croatian.[6] Under the new name Pocket Palma, they released an EP _Godišnji_ in summer 2019.[7] During the same year, they signed a contract with Croatian label Aquarius Records and released their self-titled debut album in Croatian.[8][9]

Early beginnings

Papa and Vidović met in high school in 2012 and, started making covers of songs by Arctic Monkeys and Guns N' Roses “for fun”.[10][11] They both attended elementary music school, where Papa played the flute and Vidović played the piano. Following their graduation from high school, they enrolled in Faculty of Philosophy on University of Zagreb.[12]

In 2013, they released their debut single “Things Which No One Else Should Know About” under the name Side Project, after which they began working on their debut album. In March 2015, they released a music video for their new single “Glitter”, directed by Filip “Philatz” Filković.[13] On 4 September the same year, they released their debut studio album _Things Which No One Else Should Know About_.[14] They promoted the album by holding a concert in Tvornica Kulture, Zagreb on 5 December.[15]

In 2016, they released singles “Guns” and “Giving Souls Away”. In June 2017, they released their new single “Second Skin”, inspired by Zagreb Pride 2017. In September the same year, they released the lead single off their sophomore album of the same name, “Lonely Boys”.[16] During the same year, they recorded official soundtrack for Filip Filković's short dystopian film _The Last Well_, which was released in November.[17][18][19] In December, _Lonely Boys_ was released.[20][21]

In 2018, Papa revealed they had dropped out of university.[22][23]

Career

Papa and Vidović stated that they had spent most of 2018 separated, consequently not knowing how to make music for Side Project together as they both had headed in different directions. They simply “were not inspired to make new Side Project material”. During one of their sessions, they decided to translate one of the songs they had written to Croatian and thought it “sounded cool”.[24] In spring 2018, they composed new music and wrote lyrics about going to the seaside, going out of the city, and summer love in English to it. They said they had decided to try themselves out in synth pop “after Vidović had wandered to Yugoslav synth pop playlists on YouTube”.[25] In the beginning of 2019, they decided to write about the same topics, but in Croatian instead. They released their debut single in Croatian, titled “Godišnji”, under the new name Pocket Palma. In May 2019, they released a mini-album of the same name.[26] Until the autumn, they scored a radio hit “Ono što nam inače nedostaje”.[27]

After Pocket Palma's music had been taken down from online platforms, Papa and Vidović announced in October they had signed a contract with Croatian label Aquarius Records.[28][29] In December, they released their debut self-titled album in Croatian for Aquarius. It consisted of all songs from _Godišnji_, as well as four new songs. The album was met with universal acclaim by the critics, who compared it with Croatian bands Nipplepeople and Denis & Denis.[30][31][32]

On 31 January 2020, Aquarius Records rereleased the duo's Side Project works. On 29 February, they held a concert in Tvornica Kulture, Zagreb.[33][34][35] In March, they released two collaborations, “Voli me” with ManGroove and “Minuta (PP Version)” with Ida Prester.[36]

Discography

Albums

As Side Project

-   _Things Which No One Else Should Know About_ (2015)
-   _Lonely Boys_ (2017)

As Pocket Palma

-   _Pocket Palma_ (2019)

EPs

-   _Godišnji_ (2019)

[1]

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]  Posljednji bunar|website=thelastwellfilm.com|accessdate=7 April 2020}}

[19]  Side Project|website=Bandcamp|date=16 November 2017|accessdate=7 April 2020}}

[20]

[21]  Side Project|website=Bandcamp|date=1 December 2017|accessdate=7 April 2017}}

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

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[36]

title: Pocket Palma

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what happened from 2010 to 2015.

answer: Anja Papa and Luka Vidović met in high school in 2012 and started making covers of songs by Arctic Monkeys and Guns N' Roses "for fun". They released their debut single "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" under the name Side Project in 2013. They released their debut studio album "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" in 2015. The released singles in 2016 and 2017.

text: What happened in 2016 and 2017 isn't relevant to the question.

refinement: Anja Papa and Luka Vidović met in high school in 2012 and started making covers of songs by Arctic Monkeys and Guns N' Roses "for fun". They released their debut single "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" under the name Side Project in 2013. They released their debut studio album "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" in 2015.

answer: Anja Papa and Luka Vidović met in high school in 2012 and started making covers of songs by Arctic Monkeys and Guns N' Roses "for fun". They released their debut single "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" under the name Side Project in 2013. They released their debut studio album "Things Which No One Else Should Know About" in 2015.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the music industry in Croatia?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Pocket Palma's movement toward synth pop?

answer: In 2018, Papa and Vidović decided to try themselves out in synth pop after Vidović had wandered to Yugoslav synth pop playlists on YouTube. In the beginning of 2019, they decided to write about the same topics, but in Croatian instead. They released their debut single in Croatian, titled "Godišnji", under the new name Pocket Palma. They released a mini-album of the same name in May 2019. They released their debut self-titled album in Croatian for Aquarius. It consists of all songs from Godišnji, as well as four new songs.

text: The mini-album in 2019 and later events aren't relevant to the question.

refinement: In 2018, Papa and Vidović decided to try themselves out in synth pop after Vidović had wandered to Yugoslav synth pop playlists on YouTube. In the beginning of 2019, they decided to write about the same topics, but in Croatian instead. They released their debut single in Croatian, titled "Godišnji", under the new name Pocket Palma.

text: "In the beginning of 2019" should be "At the..."

refinement: In 2018, Papa and Vidović decided to try themselves out in synth pop after Vidović had wandered to Yugoslav synth pop playlists on YouTube. At the beginning of 2019, they decided to write about the same topics, but in Croatian instead. They released their debut single in Croatian, titled "Godišnji", under the new name Pocket Palma.

answer: In 2018, Papa and Vidović decided to try themselves out in synth pop after Vidović had wandered to Yugoslav synth pop playlists on YouTube. In the beginning of 2019, they decided to write about the same topics, but in Croatian instead. They released their debut single in Croatian, titled "Godišnji", under the new name Pocket Palma. They released a mini-album of the same name in May 2019.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Pocket Palma's relationship with Aquarius Records.

answer: In 2018, Pocket Palma signed a contract with Croatian label Aquarius Records. In 2019, they released their debut self-titled album in Croatian for Aquarius.

text: The answer should mention the release of "Side Project" works.

refinement: In 2018, Pocket Palma signed a contract with Croatian label Aquarius Records. In 2019, they released their debut self-titled album in Croatian for Aquarius. Aquarius released the duo's Side Project works on January 31, 2020.

answer: In 2018, Pocket Palma signed a contract with Croatian label Aquarius Records. In 2019, they released their debut self-titled album in Croatian for Aquarius. In 2020, Aquarius Records rereleased the duo's Side Project works.


text:
A short story by Corbin Willmorth

I am writing this down now.

 I know this might sound bad out of context, but I think I have found a new look on how I view life. I mean that I am happy. Like, truly happy. It is all because of this tea that I drank. It is made up Chacruna Leaves and Syrian Rue.

Anyway, I drank this tea, which honestly tasted like shit and made me wanna throw up for the first 30 minutes, and after about 45 or so minutes I started to laugh. I started laughing about fucking everything! I laughed about how huge my pupils were, I laughed at how small my hand looked, I laughed at the movie I was watching (it was the onion movie for those who were wondering), and I laughed at myself. I realized in that moment that I was happy. I was completely shocked at how happy I was. I looked at myself in the mirror and realized I was smiling. SMILING! This was the first time in literally a whole year that I had seen myself genuinely smile.

I’m gonna get real here for a moment. I’ve had an incredibly shitty year. Literally since day one of 2018. On January 1st, I lost a very dear loved one. My grandma, to get into the spacifics. I lost my mother at a very young age, and most my contact with her family, and my grandmother became my new mother figure. I was always honest, sharing my feelings with her and telling her everything. There are so many things I wish I should have told her. When she died I went into this very deep depression. I pushed away my friends and I just stayed in bed and cried. I just wanted to die and make my feelings go away. It was fucking miserable. I can’t even describe it completely. It was the suckiest of suck I have felt in my life.

And then, I moved. I moved 200 miles away from my hometown of Snoqualmie, Washington, a town just 40 miles west of Seattle, to Chewelah, Washington, a small town 80 miles north of Spokane. I moved away from all my friends and family, and it made me even sadder. Just when I thought it couldn’t get any suckier, it did.

However, drinking that tea made me realize how much I worried too much. I worried too much about what other people thought of me. I worried too much about what was in my future. I just fucking hated that I worried about pointless shit. Sure, my life was shitty, but I’ve come to realize that it’s all okay. It’s okay that I felt awful, I understand how hard my life was up until this point.

It’s December 1st, fifteen days away from my 18th birthday. I think that it is finally time that I moved forward. I need to stop worrying about the past and about the future. I just need to focus on what is happening now. Stop thinking. Just do. Do it. Do what makes you happy. If you love music, start a band, fuck it! If you like writing, write! My point is, just take life at your own pace. Stop stressing over what ever it is that has you so worried. Take time out of your day to think about yourself.

Sure, you might want to call me names because I found happiness in drugs, but the point of my, you could call it an essay, was to make a point about that. Yes, DMT made me super fucking happy for like six hours. What I want to do from now on is find things in the real world that makes me happy. I need to stop relying on drugs. I might not quit drugs completely, seeing as how I wanna be a legal marijuana grower (because in the state of Washington you can make over $100k a year by growing weed for a cannabis company). I’ve done drugs, I’ve been there, I’ve seen things. Of all the things I’ve seen, I now know that one thing is clear. I’m happy. I’m happy because I stopped worrying.

If you managed to read this whole thing, I would like to thank you. Yes, I am speaking directly to you, the person reading this. Thank you for taking time out of your day. Thank you for listening to what I had to say. I know you must be busy. You have a life, I get it. But you actually took five minutes out of your busy life to listen to some 18 year old hippy talk about his shitty life. Thank you for caring. It’s nice that people care about things. Anyway, it’s 1:29AM right now, I should get some sleep.

title: [NF] The Key to Happiness

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the issues that are making the narrator depressed.

answer: The narrator has had a very rough year. He lost his mother at a young age and his grandmother became his new mother figure. He was always honest and shared his feelings with her. He lost his grandmother at the beginning of 2018 and went into a deep depression. He pushed away his friends and stayed in bed crying. He just wanted to die and make his feelings go away. He moved to a small town and felt even sadder.

answer: The narrator has had a very rough year. He lost his mother at a young age and his grandmother became his new mother figure. He was always honest and shared his feelings with her. He lost his grandmother at the beginning of 2018 and went into a deep depression. He pushed away his friends and stayed in bed crying. He just wanted to die and make his feelings go away. He moved to a small town and felt even sadder. He feels he didn't tell his grandmother enough things before she died.

answer: The narrator has had a very difficult year. They lost their mother at a young age and their grandmother became their new mother figure. They were always honest with her and told her everything. When she died, the narrator went into a deep depression. They pushed away their friends and just stayed in bed and cried. They just wanted to die and make their feelings go away.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What kind of tea did the narrator drink? Why did it make him so happy?

answer: The tea was made of Chacruna leaves and Syrian Rue. It made him happy because it caused him to laugh at everything for 45 minutes.

text: Change "for" to "after"

refinement: The tea was made of Chacruna leaves and Syrian Rue. It made him happy because it caused him to laugh at everything after 45 minutes.

answer: The narrator drank tea made of Chacruna Leaves and Syrian Rue. The tea made him so happy because it made him laugh. The tea is psychoactive.

answer: The narrator drank tea made of Chacruna Leaves and Syrian Rue. The tea made him so happy because it made him laugh.


text:
_INTRODUCTION TO CIRCLE PACKING: THE THEORY OF DISCRETE ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS_ is a mathematical monograph concerning systems of tangent circles and the circle packing theorem. It was written by Kenneth Stephenson and published in 2005 by the Cambridge University Press.

Topics

Circle packings, as studied in this book, are systems of circles that touch at tangent points but do not overlap, according to a combinatorial pattern of adjacencies specifying which pairs of circles should touch. The circle packing theorem states that a circle packing exists if and only if the pattern of adjacencies forms a planar graph; it was originally proved by Paul Koebe in the 1930s, and popularized by William Thurston, who rediscovered it in the 1970s and connected it with the theory of conformal maps and conformal geometry. As a topic, this should be distinguished from sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

The book is divided into four parts, in progressive levels of difficulty. The first part introduces the subject visually, encouraging the reader to think about packings not just as static objects but as dynamic systems of circles that change in predictable ways when the conditions under which they are formed (their patterns of adjacency) change. The second part concerns the proof of the circle packing theorem itself, and of the associated rigidity theorem: every maximal planar graph can be associated with a circle packing that is unique up to Möbius transformations of the plane. More generally the same result holds for any triangulated manifold, with a circle packing on a topologically equivalent Riemann surface that is unique up to conformal equivalence.

The third part of the book concerns the degrees of freedom that arise when the pattern of adjacencies is not fully triangulated (it is a planar graph, but not a maximal planar graph). In this case, different extensions of this pattern to larger maximal planar graphs will lead to different packings, which can be mapped to each other by corresponding circles. The book explores the connection between these mappings, which it calls discrete analytic functions, and the analytic functions of classical mathematical analysis. The final part of the book concerns a conjecture of William Thurston, proved by Burton Rodin and Dennis Sullivan, that makes this analogy concrete: conformal mappings from any topological disk to a circle can be approximated by filling the disk by a hexagonal packing of unit circles, finding a circle packing that adds to that pattern of adjacencies a single outer circle, and constructing the resulting discrete analytic function. This part also includes applications to number theory and the visualization of brain structure.

Stephenson has implemented algorithms for circle packing and used them to construct the many illustrations of the book, giving to much of this work the flavor of experimental mathematics, although it is also mathematically rigorous. Unsolved problems are listed throughout the book, which also includes nine appendices on related topics such as the ring lemma and Doyle spirals.

Audience and reception

The book presents research-level mathematics, and is aimed at professional mathematicians interested in this and related topics. Reviewer Frédéric Mathéus describes the level of the material in the book as “both mathematically rigorous and accessible to the novice mathematician”, presented in an approachable style that conveys the author's love of the material. However, although the preface to the book states that no background knowledge is necessary, and that the book can be read by non-mathematicians or used as an undergraduate textbook, reviewer Michele Intermont disagrees, noting that it has no exercises for students and writing that “non-mathematicians will be nothing other than frustrated with this book”. Similarly, reviewer David Mumford finds the first seven chapters (part I and much of part II) to be at an undergraduate level, but writes that “as a whole, the book is suitable for graduate students in math”.

title: Introduction to Circle Packing

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about circular logic?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some related fields to circle packing?

answer: Sphere packing is a related field.

text: Sphere packing might be a related topic, but in this context, it is juxtaposed with circle packing and not necessarily a different field, while other more relevant fields are also mentioned in the passage.

refinement: Related fields include classical mathematical analysis.  Circle packing also has applications to number theory and visualization of brain structure.

answer: Some related fields are sphere packing, which considers higher dimensions (here, everything is two dimensional) and is more focused on packing density than on combinatorial patterns of tangency.

answer: Sphere packing is a related field. It is more concerned with packing density than with a combinatorial pattern of tangency.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What parts of the book does the reviewer David Mumford call out as exceeding the abilities of a novice?

answer: The first seven chapters of the book

text: David Mumford actually says the first seven chapters of the book are at an undergraduate level, which could be considered novice level.

refinement: It is implied that the first seven chapters of the book are accessible to novices (undergraduates), but the book overall is at a graduate level.

answer: The first seven chapters of the book (part I and much of part II).

answer: The first seven chapters.


text:
Despite the name, Scotch tape wasn't invented by the Scottish. It was invented by a college dropout named Richard Drew from Minnesota who worked for a small sandpaper company founded in 1902 called Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, later known as 3M. The name "Scotch" itself has an origin story almost as interesting as the invention of Scotch tape.

Born Richard Gurley Drew in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1899, Drew spent a year at the University of Minnesota in the Mechanical Engineering program before dropping out. He paid for that time at school and his correspondence school course in machine design by playing banjo, and he included all of that information in his application to the open position of lab technician with 3M. He got the job and was set on the path to make history.

In the 1920s, a two-tone paint job was popular for cars and a headache for automotive painters. The two-tone look was created by painting the car one color, applying a barrier of some sort to the painted portion, and then painting the next section. In order to get around the difficulties of this type of paint job, painters and mechanics tested out different ways to achieve the look. Unfortunately, their attempts tended to be less than successful. Some automotive shops would glue newspapers over the already painted sections while others used tape to prevent paint transfer. However those techniques often left a sticky residue on the paint that was difficult to remove. Sometimes, it would even mean the painters had to do the entire paint job over again.

One of Drew's responsibilities at 3M was to deliver samples of sandpaper to local automotive shops for testing, where he often overheard workers who were painting complain about the problems with tape used for these paint jobs. The twenty-three year old then lab assistant got the idea to create a new tape that would create a seal so that the paint wouldn't get through and yet also come off clean without leaving any sticky residue that ruined the paint finish. Drew used the adhesive that 3M utilized in the construction of its sandpaper as a starting point. From there, it took him two years of experimentation with different types of adhesives that he applied to a crepe paper backing to come up with the right combination. Thus, what would be called "Scotch" Masking Tape was born in 1925.

The success of the Scotch Brand Masking Tape allowed Drew to move up the ranks at 3M. In 1929, his position as technical director at the fabrication laboratory allowed him to pursue another idea. Cellophane had recently been invented by DuPont and was being used by grocers and bakers as a neat way to package their groceries. However, there wasn't a good way to seal the cellophane with tape because the colored backing ruined the clear look. So Drew and his team of inventors worked to create a tape that used this clear cellophane as a backing.

G/O Media may get a commission

Unfortunately, the machinery that 3M used in order to apply the adhesive to the cellophane backing tore the material, and the glue that worked for the masking tape appeared amber on the clear cellophane. The team ultimately invented new clear adhesive and modified machinery to handle the cellophane. The new tape was called Scotch Brand Cellulose Tape, but it appeared that it might have missed its opportunity with grocers and bakers despite ringing endorsements from several test clients. You see, DuPont had introduced into the market a cellophane that could be sealed with heat. Nonetheless, despite missing their original target market and being released during the Great Depression, the Scotch Brand Cellulose Tape thrived with various home uses.

So this all brings us back to how the term "Scotch" came to be associated with 3M's Masking and Cellulose tapes. When Drew and 3M began allowing car painters to test the new Scotch Brand Masking Tape, one painter supposedly complained about the lack of adhesive on the tape. One version of the story claims that the painter asked "Why so Scotch with the adhesive?" Another version states that the painter said "Take this back to your Scotch bosses and tell them to put more adhesive on it."

Whatever the case, in the 1920s, the term "Scotch" was a racial slang term that meant something or someone that was cheap or stingy. Based on the feedback, Drew applied more adhesive to the tape and ultimately branded the tape with the pejorative "stingy" name of "Scotch."

If you liked this article, you might also enjoy:

-   What the Company Name "3M" Stands For
-   The Invention Nobody Wanted That Became One of the Top Selling Office Products of All Time
-   A Brief History of the Ballpoint Pen and Whether NASA Really Spent Millions Developing a Pressurized Version Instead of Just Using Pencils
-   Super Glue was Invented by Accident, Twice
-   Who Invented Duct Tape

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_Sarah Stone writes for the mildly popular interesting fact website_ _TodayIFoundOut.com__. To subscribe to Today I Found Out's "Daily Knowledge" newsletter,_ _click here_ _or like them on Facebook_ _here__. You can also_ _check 'em out on YouTube here__._

_This post__has been republished with permission from_ _TodayIFoundOut.com__._ _Image by_ _Daniel_ _under Creative Commons license._

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did the writer compose the structure of this informative article's narrative?

answer: [rewrite]

text: "No answer" would be more appropriate

answer: It appears that the writer structured the narrative to flow in a chronological order, which made it easier for the reader to understand the content and the context of the article.

answer: The written style of the Internet format utilized here is quite compelling, the narrative can be easily followed, and the reader can easily picture what is being described.