text:
LUCCRETH MOCCU CHÍARA[1] (_floruit_ c. 665 AD)[2] was a poet from County Kerry, Ireland who wrote in archaic Old Irish. _Moccu_ is an archaic form marking affiliation to an ancestral population group or _gens_,[3] in this case the Cíarraige. James Carney identifies the poet in genealogies of the Cíarraige as the last of six sons of a certain Áine, a descendant of Mug Airt, also known as Cíar, son of the legendary Ulaid hero Fergus mac Róich and supposed founder of the Cíarraige. The genealogies add that Luccreth had no children, and that “His dwelling-place faces the church of Cluain on the south”.[4]

Works

Three poems attributed to Luccreth are preserved, all on genealogical themes. Eoin MacNeill describes him as “an experimenter in the production of new metres”, blending older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms.[5]

_Conailla Medb míchuru_

The 73-line poem _Conailla Medb Míchuru_ (“Medb enjoined evil contracts”) is preserved, along with a later prose introduction, in a genealogical tract in the 15th-century manuscript Laud Misc 610 in the Bodleian Library,[6] and has been edited and translated by P. L. Henry.[7] It contains one of the earliest references in Irish literature to events and characters of the Ulster Cycle, telling of the Ulaid hero Fergus mac Róich's exile from his king, Conchobar, to queen Medb and king Ailill, and his involvement in their war over the Ulaid's cattle. However, his exile is not in Connacht, as in the extant versions of _Táin Bó Cúailnge_ and related stories, but in Tara. Cú Chulainn does not appear, his role taken by Fergus' son Fiacc, who defends the Ulaid against his father's battalions. The poem goes on to tell how the descendants of the Ulaid hero Cethern settled in the midlands, and later migrated to Munster in the time of Óengus mac Nad Froích (d. 490).[8] Luccreth refers to the material he presents as _sen-eolas_ (“old knowledge”), traditional material passed down from his ancestors.[9]

_Ba mol Mídend midlaige_

Another poem ascribed to Luccreth is _Ba mol Mídend midlaige_ (“It was the prophetic utterance of Midend, the fool”),[10] also found in the Laud genealogical tract.[11] It tells how the ancestors of the Corcu Óchae, a people of Munster who traced their ancestry to an Ulster Cycle character, Dubthach Dóeltenga,[12] migrated from Ulster to Munster following the eruption of Lough Neagh.[13]

_Cú-cen-máthair_

The third work attributed to Luccreth is _Cú-cen-máthair_ (“hound without a mother”), a poem on the genealogy of the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair (d. 665).[14] It includes an early account of the 72 peoples said to have been dispersed from the plain of Shinar, each with their own language, following the Tower of Babel. However, their names, arranged in Irish metre, have been shown to derive not from _Genesis_, but rather from the roster of nations, former Roman provinces and other places mentioned in St. Isidore's _Etymologiae_ (Books IX and XIV):

  "_Bithin, Scithin, Scuitt, Scill,_
  _Scarthaig, Greic, Guitt, Gaill._
  _Germain, Point, Pampil muaid,_
  _Moraind luind, Lugdoin uaig._
  _Oatri, Cipri, Ciclaid, Creit,_
  _Corsic, Sardain, Sicil, Reit._
  _Rigind, Rudi, Romain mair,_
  _Masail, Mussin, Macedoin nair._
  _Numin, Noric, Nombithi braiss,_
  _Bretain, Belgaich, Boet maiss._
  _Magoich, Armein, amais gairg,_
  _Galait, Achaid, Athain aird._
  _Alain, Albain, Hircain oig,_
  _Etail, Espain, Guith goich._
  _Grinne fairne Frainc, Frig,_
  _Fresin, Longbaird luind lir._
  _Lacdemoin, Tessail, Traic,_
  _Troian, Dardain, Dalmait, Daic._

This listing, in several variants, seems to have become well known in medieval Ireland, as forms of it appear in both _Auraicept na n-Éces_[15] and the later _Lebor Gabála Érenn_.

[1] alternative spellings: Luccrad, Luccraid, Lucrith; mocu; Cíara, Chérrai, Cheri, Cerai, Gerai

[2] Eoin MacNeill, “A Pioneer of Nations: part II”, _Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review_ vol 11, no 43, 1922, pp. 435-446

[3] T. M. Charles-Edwards, _Early Irish and Welsh Kinship_, Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 149

[4] James Carney, “Three Old Irish Accentual Poems”, _Ériu_ vol 22, 1971, pp. 23-80

[5]

[6] Kuno Meyer, “The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories”, _Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie_ 8, 1912, pp. 291-338

[7] P. L. Henry, “_Conailla Medb Míchuru_ and the Tradition of Fiacc Son of Fergus”, in Séamus Mac Mathúna and Ailbhe Ó Corráin (eds.), _Miscellanea Celtica in memoriam Heinrich Wagner_, Uppsala, 1997, pp. 53-70

[8]

[9] James Carney, “Language and literature in 1169”, in Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), _A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland_, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 451-510

[10]

[11]

[12] Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, “Prosopographical Analysis of _Táin Bó Cúailnge_ in a Historical Setting”, in Hildegard L. C. Tristram (ed.), _New Methods in the Research of Epic_, Gunter Narr Verlag, 1998, pp. 153-160

[13]

[14]

[15] George Calder, _Auraicept na n-éces : the scholars' primer_, 1917: Introduction, p. xxxii.

title: Luccreth moccu Chiara

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe everything about the poetic tradition Luccreth worked in.

answer: No answer

text: Doesn't describe anything about the poetic tradition Luccreth worked in.

refinement: MacNeill describes Luccreth's work as an experimentation in the production of new metres, a blend of older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer accentual and rhyming verse forms. The poetic tradition presents material passed down from the ancestors. The poems attributed to Luccreth depict the stories of how the descendants of Ulaid settled the midlands and later migrated to Munster, who the ancestors of Ochae traced their ancestry to Doeltenga, migrating from Ulster to Munster, and the genealogy of Eoganachta's king.

answer: Luccreth wrote in Old Irish and is associated with an archaic form of affiliation to the Cíarraige. His works are all genealogical in nature, primarily telling of early events of the Ulster Cycle, migrations to Munster, and the genealogy of the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair. He used traditional material passed down from his ancestors and combined older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms. His poetic tradition shows a blending of older forms with developments in verse forms.

answer: Luccreth lived during the late 7th century and authored poems in archaic Old Irish. The works attributed to Luccreth are found in 15th-century maseuscripts, and contain the earliest references of events and characters in the Ulster Cycle. Luccreth refers to his material as sen-eolas, old knowledge passed down from his ancestors.

text: Doesn't describe the contents of the poems or the techniques employed.

refinement: Luccreth lived during the late 7th century and authored poems in archaic Old Irish. The works attributed to Luccreth are found in 15th-century maseuscripts, and contain the earliest references of events and characters in the Ulster Cycle. Luccreth refers to his material as sen-eolas, old knowledge passed down from his ancestors. His works are all genealogical in nature, primarily telling of early events of the Ulster Cycle, migrations to Munster, and the genealogy of the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair. He used traditional material passed down from his ancestors and combined older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms. His poetic tradition shows a blending of older forms with developments in verse forms.

answer: Luccreth worked in a tradition of Old Irish poetry, consisting of alliterative verse forms blended with newer, accentual and rhyming forms. He wrote poems on genealogical themes; his writings are one of the earliest references in Irish literature to events and characters of the Ulster Cycle, as well as an account of the migration of the ancestors of the Corcu Óchae from Ulster to Munster following the eruption of Lough Neagh. He also wrote the poem _Cú-cen-máthair_ on the genealogy of the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair. It seems that Luccreth's material is comprised of traditional material passed down through oral tradition.

answer: Luccreth composed poetry in the Old Irish language, and lived around 665 Anno Domini. This means that he was one of the first poets to work in Christian Ireland. He appears to have recorded several poems which refer to events in the Ulster Cycle which are not found elsewhere. Luccreth refers to the material that he passes down as sen-eolas, or old knowledge from the ancestors. Thus we can see in Luccreth an incredibly rare and important Irish poet, one who is firmly part of the tradition, and composing verses at a transition point between the druids and Christianity.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What innovations did Luccreth add to the Irish poetic tradition?

answer: Luccreth added innovations in meter and in topics covered, incorporating material passed down to him as family lore by his ancestors. He wrote poems on genealogical themes and made references to the Ulster Cycle and events from early Celtic history.

text: Doesn't mention all his innovations.

refinement: Luccreth added innovations in meter and in topics covered, incorporating material passed down to him as family lore by his ancestors. He wrote poems on genealogical themes and made references to the Ulster Cycle and events from early Celtic history. He blended older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms.

answer: Luccreth added new alliterative and accentual verse forms to older syllabic forms. Additionally, his poems are one of the earliest depictions of the Ulster Cycle in Irish literature.

text: Doesn't describe all his innovations.

refinement: Luccreth added new alliterative and accentual verse forms to older syllabic forms. Additionally, his poems are one of the earliest depictions of the Ulster Cycle in Irish literature. He was an experimenter in the production of new metres.

answer: Eoin MacNeill describes Luccreth as "an experimenter in the production of new metres." He blended older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms. It is not clear when his poems were written down, probably after his life, but they are part of the transition from an oral to a literate culture. However, he says that his poetry comes from the ancients, "sen-eolas."

answer: Eoin MacNeill describes Luccreth as an "experimenter in the production of new metres-merging older syllabic forms of alliterative verse with newer accentual and rhyming forms." Thanks to Luccreth, the older and newer poetic forms, otherwise known as foundation habits, have all been optimized.

answer: Luccreth experimented in the production of new metre, blending the syllabic and alliterative verse forms with accentual and rhyming verse form.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the three poems attributed to Luccreth which have survived.

answer: The first, written in the 10th century BC, must have been Luccreth's first work, where he tells how the descendants of the Ulaid hero Cethern settled in the midlands, and later migrated to Munster in the time of Owen mac Nad Froích. Another poem, stated to have been written 5 generations after the first, tells of Luccreth's ancestors, who could trace their ancestry to an Ulster Cycle character, Dubthach Dóeltenga, migrated from Ulster to Munster following the eruption of Lough Neagh. The third work Luccreth wrote was the Cú-cen-máthair poem, on the genealogy of Cathal Cú-cen-máthair.

answer: The three poems are Conailla Medb michuru, "Medb enjoined evil contracts", referring to the character Queen Medb who enjoys a prominent part of the Tain Bo Cuailgne. This poem contains material relating to Fergus mac Roich's exile from Conchobar mac Nessa to queen Medb and king Ailill and the war of the Ulaid's cattle. This is a familiar episode from extant parts of the Tain, except his exile is in Tara instead of Connacht. THen there is the Ba mol Midend midlaige, a poem which tells of the ancestors of Corcu Ochae, a people of Munster. Finally there is the Cu-cen-mathair, or "hound without a mother" which tells of the genealogy of Cathal  Cu-cen-mathair. It discusses an account of 72 peoples dispersed from the plain of Shinar, each with their own language, following the Tower of Babel.

answer: The three poems attributed to Luccreth are all on genealogical themes. All three make references to characters and events from the Ulster Cycle. _Conailla Medb Míchuru_ contains an early account of the dispersal of 72 peoples from the Tower of Babel, while _Ba mol Mídend midlaige_ tells how the ancestors of the Corcu Óchae migrated from Ulster to Munster. _Cú-cen-máthair_ focuses on the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair and his lineage. All three poems demonstrate Luccreth's knowledge of the Ulster Cycle.

answer: The three poems attributed to Luccreth are all on the subjects of genealogy. The earliest of the poems, _Conailla Medb Míchuru_, tells the story of the exile of Ulaid hero Fergus mac Róich to queen Medb and king Ailill and his involvement in their war over the Ulaid's cattle. The second poem, _Ba mol Mídend midlaige_, tells how the ancestors of the Corcu Óchae migrated from Ulster to Munster following the eruption of Lough Neagh. Lastly, _Cú-cen-máthair_ tells the genealogy of the Eóganachta king Cathal Cú-cen-máthair. All three poems are of genealogical nature.

answer: Three poems are attributed to Luccreth: the 73-line Conailla Medb mi churu, the Ba Mol Midend Midlaige, and the Cú-cen-máthair. Conailla Medb mi churu is about how Fergusmac Rioch escaped from Conchobar, a character from the Ulster cycle, after being exiled for stealing cattle to queen Medb and king Ailill, and being implicated in the conflict of the Ulash regarding the cattle. However, the exile is not in Connacht, as in other versions, but in Tara. The second poem tells the story of how the ancestors of Corcu Ó Chae, who moved from Ulster to Munster following the eruption of Lough Neagh. The third poem about Cathal Cú-cén-mathair tells about the 72 peoples dispersed from the plain of Shinar according to the Book of Genesis. Luccreth refers to the material as sen-eolas, which appears to be tradition passed down from his ancestors.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the influence Luccreth had on Irish poetry.

answer: Luccreth is considered to be one of the most influential poets of Old Irish. He experimented with older syllabic and alliterative verse forms as well as newer accentual and rhyming forms. His works are cited by other writers as being a valuable source of Ulster Cycle tradition and early Irish narratives.

answer: Luccreth is seen as an important influence in poetry, as he was part of a revival of interest in traditional lore and alliterative verse forms. His three poems on genealogical themes shows this shift in interest and inspired later works of historical poetry. This marks an important and lasting contribution he made to Irish poetry.

text: Doesn't describe his influence experimenting with meter and new verse forms.

refinement: Luccreth is seen as an important influence in poetry, as he was part of a revival of interest in traditional lore and alliterative verse forms. He was an experimenter in the production of new metres, and blended older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms. His three poems on genealogical themes shows this shift in interest and inspired later works of historical poetry. This marks an important and lasting contribution he made to Irish poetry.

answer: Luccreth did not belong to a royal family but was more of an educator considering that he literally produced three poems on genealogical themes, which at the time were considered a part of an learned person's lore. More importantly, Luccreth endeavored to patent new verses and forms that were missing from the syllabic and alliterative verse forms, so he is considered a pioneer in those forms of verse.

text: Doesn't describe his innovations fully.

refinement: Luccreth did not belong to a royal family but was more of an educator considering that he literally produced three poems on genealogical themes, which at the time were considered a part of an learned person's lore. More importantly, Luccreth endeavored to patent new accentual and rhyming verses and forms that were missing from the syllabic and alliterative verse forms, so he is considered a pioneer in those forms of verse. He was also an experimenter in the production of new metres.

answer: No answer

text: Doesn't describe his impact.

refinement: Luccreth's poems all hinged on genealogical themes important to the Irish experience. He was an experimenter in the production of new metres, and blended older syllabic and alliterative verse forms with newer, accentual and rhyming verse forms.

answer: The list of peoples of the Tower of Babel Luccreth gives in Cu-cen-mathair appear also in the Lebor Gabala Erenn and the Auraicept na ne-Eces, two of the most important documents in Irish literature. In addition, Conailla Medb michuru appears to be a very ancient version of the Tain bo Cualigne. It can be said that Luccreth was both an innovator of new forms, and a preserver of the Irish poetic tradition, at a time when it was going through a great transition.


split: train

text:
OLD NINGO is a town in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

History

[Old Ningo, 1870s] Also known as Great Ningo, the inhabitants have always been a fishing and farming community. They form part of the Ga-Adangbe people. The name Ningo has a much more widely known and accepted history as derived from the Ga–Dangme words _nu_ meaning water and _ngoo_ meaning salt.[1] The “nu” and “ngoo” story rather interesting is not as compelling as evidence which points to a more interesting origin. A publication in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana published in 1817 has this entry.“Ningo, near which the second Danish castle, Friedensburg, is placed, is 43 miles from Akra. In Krob6, or Krepe, a large Negro State behind it, there is a very high mountain about 20 or 25 miles distant from the sea, and apparently capped with snow.”.[2] It gives evidence to a voyager's inspired name as the name Ningo happens to be Latin for snow[3](Ningo in Latin), and as it goes the mariners would have seen the mountain 1[4] in the backdrop of the native settlers and named the place Ningo.Many other early writings[5] and references[6] on Ningo also used the term Grande in the form Ningo Grande, (grande) translate in Latin as large or great. The Name Great Ningo naturally follows.The people of Ningo like to refer themselves as “Nugoli” meaning “People of Nugo” ( Nugo being a much more locally accepted pronunciation of the name Ningo) and are proud to associate themselves with the name Great Ningo.The history of the people of Ningo is closely linked to the history of the Ga-Dangme people

Fort Fredensborg

[Ruins of Fort Fredenborg Ningo, 1890s] The Danish were the first European settlers here, establishing the Fredensborg Fort in 1734. The town was developed as a slave trading station as part of Danish Guinea . However, with the abolition of the slave trade the town dwindled in size, with the fort staffed by a single person. The fort was already in ruins when the British took over on 8 March 1850 and incorporated the town into the Gold Coast.[7] Christian Glob Dorf was Commandant from 21 June 1740 to 25 May 1743.[8]

Education

The town is also known for the Ningo Secondary School regarded as having a pleasant environment.[9][10] The school is a second cycle institution.[11]

The founder of this prestigious school is Mr. Wilson Gbli Nartey. He was born at Lewem a suburb of the Great Ningo Traditional area. He was born to a fishing family. He lived and worked with his parents for most of his childhood days. Mr. Wilson was nicknamed WUDA as a short appellation for the name AMEWUDA which meant fear Your fellow human more than the snake. Mr. Wilson built the interest to study and become a Klake (Clerk) but was not allowed as he was supposed to work with the father in his business. But one day his life changed and he took an opportunity which came calling and his life changed. Pupils were organized to have a march Procession from Old Ningo through Lewem to wokumagbe and back to old ningo, the purpose was to create awareness of the IMPORTANCE OF BEING EDUCATED, he grew fond with this and run to his mum and begged her to allow him go with pupils. The mother hesitated for while with the fear that if His dad gets to know of this they won't be spared . But with so much enthusiasm he persuaded his mom and the mother packed a few clothes and sent him away with the students.

[1]

[2] Encyclopædia Metropolitana; Or, Universal Dictionary of ..., Volume 20 edited by Edward Smedley, Hugh James Rose, Henry John Rose pg 24

[3]

[4] http://travelingluck.com/Africa/Ghana/Ghana+(general)/_2297364_Ningo.html Retrieved 15/4/2016

[5] A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa, etc By James BOYLE (Surgeon.) Pg 332

[6] The Nautical Magazine a Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs in General Fisher, Son & Company pg 646

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Old Ningo

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the history of Old or Great Ningo?

answer: Old Ningo is a town that was founded as a slave trading post. It is known for its prestigious secondary school. The town has a mostly Ga-Adangbe population and its original name is derived from the Ga-Dangme word for salt, "nu" and "ngoo." The Danish built Fort Frederensborg in 1734 and the British took control of the town in 1850.

answer: The town is also known as "Old Ningo." The people of Ningo are a fishing and farming community who form part of the Ga-Adangbe people. The name Ningo has a much more widely-known and accepted history as derived from the Ga-Dangme word "ngoo" which means salt. However, the Danish were the first European settlers here, establishing the Fredensborg Fort in 1734. The fort served as a slave trading station, but with the abolition of the slave trade being outlawed, the town dwindled in size until, in 1850, it became part of the Gold Coast, a British colony.

answer: Ningo is a fishing and farming town in Ghana. The town was settled by Ga-Adangbe people, and its most likely origin is from a Latin-derived name meaning "snow." Fort Fredensborg, a Danish trading station, is also located in Old Ningo. The town is also home to the Ningo Secondary School, which is regarded as having a pleasant environment. The founder of the school, WUDA, was inspired to develop an interest in education after organizing a march promoting that concept.

answer: Old/Great Ningo was built 1734 by the Danish as a slave trade station. With the abolition of the slave trade, it was abandoned leaving a single person to manage the fort. The fort and the town were taken over around 1850 by the British who incorporated it into the Gold Coast.

answer: Forming part of the Ga-Adangbe people, it is a fishing and farming community. The name supposedly stems from the Ga-Dangme words "nu" and "ngoo" meaning water and salt. However there is more compelling evidence that Ningo, latin for snow, was used to name the place by Latin-speaking mariners upon seeing a very high mountain capped with snow in the area. Fort Fredenborg Ningo was the first European settlement, established in 1734 as a slave trading station for Danish Guinea. With the abolition of slavery, the town dwindled. The fort was in ruins when the British took over in 1850.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the etymology of the name "Old Ningo/Great Ningo?"

answer: The name Ningo has a widely known and accepted history as being derived from the Ga-Dangme words "nu" and    "ngoo" meaning water and salt. However, there is another origin story published in the Encyclopedia Metropolitana in 1817 which states that there is a Danish castle, Friedensburg, placed 43 miles from  Akra. There is a very high mountain about 20 or 25 miles from the sea capped with snow. Supposedly there was a voyager inspired by the Latin word Ningo who saw the mountain in the backdrop and named the place Ningo. Many other writings reference the term Grande in the form Ningo Grande. Grande translates to large or great from Latin. The name Great Ningo naturally follows. The people of Ningo refer to themselves as "Nugoli" meaning people of Nugo. Nugo is the locally accepted pronunciation of Ningo.

answer: According to the article, "Old Ningo" or "Great Ningo" was likely given its name as a result of a voyager's inspired name for the town, which is derived from the Latin word for snow, "Ningo."

answer: The name "Ningo" is likely derived from Latin meaning snow. The people of Old Ningo refer to themselves as "Nugoli," and the town is also known for the Ningo Secondary School. The Danish were the first European settlers in the town, establishing the Fredensborg Fort in 1734. The town existed for slave trading purposes, though this trade has been abolished. The school is a second cycle institution.

answer: A more widely accepted and known story claims that the name is derived from "nu" meaning salt and "ngoo" meaning water. A publication in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana from 1817 has a more interesting origin, claiming that "Ningo, near which the second Danish castle, Friedensburg, is placed, is 43 miles from Akra. In Krobor Krepe, a large Negro State behind it, there is a very high mountain about 20 or 25 miles distant from the sea, and apparently capped with snow.”. The name Ningo happens to be Latin for snow, and as it goes the mariners would have seen the mountain 1 in the backdrop of the native settlers and named the place Ningo.

answer: The name "Old Ningo" derives from the Ga-Dangme words nu and ngoo, which mean, respectively, "water" and "salt." The etymology in different writings tries to link the name to Latin or Norse (specifically relating to snow). The current pronunciation of the name is "Ningo". There is no convincing equivalent representation in European languages.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about education?

answer: The town is known for the Ningo Secondary Schoolm a second cycle institution regarded as having a pleasant environment. The founder of the prestigious school is Mr. Wilson Gbli Nartey. Mr. Nartey was born at Lewem, a suburb of the Great Ningo Traditional area. He was born to a fishing family and worked with his parents most of his childhood days. Mr. Nartey was interested in studying and becoming a clerk, but was not allowed because of the expectation that he'd work with his father. However, he exhibited such enthusiasm that he persuaded his mother to allow him to join a procession of students off to school.

answer: The Ningo Secondary School is a second cycle institution known to have a pleasant and natural environment. It was founded by Mr. Wilson Gbli Nartey. He founded the school to promote education and academia.

answer: The Ningo Secondary School is regarded as having a pleasant environment. The founder of the school, Wilson Gbli Nartey, has always been interested in education, and he began attending school by marching in a procession to demonstrate its importance.

answer: Ningo Secondary School is the only known school in the town. It is regarded as having a pleasant environment. The founder is Mr. Wilson Gbli Nartey.

answer: The Ningo Secondary School is regarded as having a pleasant environment, and Mr. Wilson Gbli Nartey is responsible for organizing a march Procession to raise awareness of the importance of being educated. The school is a second cycle institution.


text:
JESSE DREW is an American artist, author, media activist, and educator.

Biography

Jesse Drew was born at St. Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village, New York. He spent his early childhood in Queens, before the family moved to Hicksville, New York, home of Levittown. He became a teenage runaway at age 15, and lived on communes in Vermont and California. In 1974, he was a candidate for the State Legislature of Vermont on the Liberty Union Party ticket with Bernie Sanders. Because of his runaway status, he ran under the name of Jesse Clemens. In 1975, he was recruited by Fred Ross to work for the United Farmworkers Union in California. He was a boycott organizer in San Francisco before moving into industrial organizing in the San Francisco Bay Area[1]

In 1982, he moved to Paris, France with his wife and child and became involved in media production. Upon returning to the United States in 1984, he joined the nascent video collective Paper Tiger TV, and started a West Coast branch. At the same time, he began working as an electronics technician at several start-ups and then Dolby Laboratories. He worked with the 'zine collective Processed World as a writer, editor and collective member. In 1986, he helped to organize the first public access television network, Deep Dish TV and in 1989, formed Mission Creek Video with Carla Leshne in San Francisco's Mission District.

He is a professor in the Cinema and Technocultural Studies (CaTS) program at the University of California at Davis.

Media work

Drew has worked extensively on community media projects including the San Francisco Community Television and Paper Tiger Television. He has also been an advocate for Low-power broadcasting and helped found KDRT-LP radio, a low power FM station in Davis, California.[2][3] His work has shown at the 1993 Whitney Biennial, the Mill Valley Film Festival, Artists' Television Access, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, American Film Institute, and others.

_Manifestoon_ is one of Drew's best known works. The film is a collage of classic cartoons edited to illustrate the narration: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' Communist Manifesto. When the clips are re-contextualized, the subversive nature of “the trickster” character in classic cartoons is presented in a new perspective. The video has been shown at large institutions such as Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, and Barcelona Cultural Center and uploaded to web sites like the Internet Archive[4] and YouTube.[5] Nicole Brenez, the curator of Cinematheque in France listed Manifestoon as one of the top ten films of the 1990s.[6]

_Newe Segobia is Not for Sale_ was produced by Drew in 1993, documenting the land. struggle between Western Shoshone sisters Mary Dann and Carrie Dann and the BLM.

Writing

In 2013, Jesse Drew wrote the book “A Social History of Contemporary Democratic Media.” His work has been published in _Resisting the Virtual Life_ (City Lights Press) and _Reclaiming San Francisco: History, Politics, Culture_ (City Lights Press) as well as Processed World, and _Collectivism After Modernism: The Art of Social Imagination After 1945_ (University of Minnesota Press).

[1] “San Francisco Labor in the 1970s” in Carlsson, Chris, ed., _Ten Years That Shook the City_, City Lights Books, 2011

[2] Video Data Bank page on Jesse Drew

[3] Jesse Drew's bio

[4] Manifestoon at Internet Archive

[5] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbTIJ9_bLP4

[6] http://cineticle.com/lists/105-90s/1060-nicole-brenez.html

title: Jesse Drew

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Judging from the passage (his artistic and political contributions), what kind of political leanings does Jesse Drew have?

answer: Jesse Drew has leftist political leanings.

text: In order for this response to be stronger, including some evidence from the package to support the answer would be beneficial.

refinement: Jesse Drew has leftist political leanings. This can be assumed as in 1974, he was a candidate for the State Legislature of Vermont on the Liberty Union Party ticket with Bernie Sanders and he was also a boycott organizer in San Francisco.

answer: Jesse Drew is known to be an avid supporter of Bernie Sander's political ideology. In 1974, he ran for candidacy under Sander's Liberty Unio Party ticket, and he further dedicated himself to helping the two. Between 1975-1986, he lived in California, working with the United Farmworkers Unions and other such activists. He was also involved in helping with the unionization of low-wage workers in California.

text: This response does not fully answer what the question is asking and the correct response needs to be added to make this a strong response.

refinement: Jesse Drew is known to be an avid supporter of Bernie Sander's political ideology and can be considered having leftist leanings in the political world. In 1974, he ran for candidacy under Sander's Liberty Unio Party ticket, and he further dedicated himself to helping the two. Between 1975-1986, he lived in California, working with the United Farmworkers Unions and other such activists. He was also involved in helping with the unionization of low-wage workers in California.

answer:
Jesse Drew is an American artist. He ran away from home when he was 15, living in communes in Vermont. In 1974, he ran for the State Legislature of Vermont alongside Bernie Sanders and was a boycott organizer in San Francisco. Drew became involved in media production during his two-year stay in France and when he returned to America, started working as a writer and editor.

Drew wrote a book titled “A Social History of Contemporary Democratic Media” in 2013  and produced a cartoon titled "Manifestoon" which was a collage of classic cartoons edited to illustrate the narration:  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' Communist Manifesto. Drew's body of work shows him as a socialist or a democratic socialist favoring workers' rights.

text: This response does not actually respond to the question being asked. If an answer to the question is added in the beginning of this response, then the response would be complete.

refinement:
Jesse Drew is an American artist, who can be assumed to have leftist political leanings. In 1974, he ran for the State Legislature of Vermont alongside Bernie Sanders and was a boycott organizer in San Francisco. Drew became involved in media production during his two-year stay in France and when he returned to America, started working as a writer and editor.

Drew wrote a book titled “A Social History of Contemporary Democratic Media” in 2013  and produced a cartoon titled "Manifestoon" which was a collage of classic cartoons edited to illustrate the narration:  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' Communist Manifesto. Drew's body of work shows him as a socialist or a democratic socialist favoring workers' rights.

answer: Jesse Drew is a left-wing artist and activist.

text: This response is slightly incorrect because it doesn't point out a political standing and confuses terms.

refinement: Jesse Drew can be assumed to have leftist political leanings, considering his political career and his medial work.

answer: Jesse Drew has artistic and political leanings that reside on the left side of the political spectrum.


text:
LAUREN DUCA (born February 24, 1991)[1] is an American freelance journalist, feminist,[2] and political columnist.[3] Duca formerly worked at _Teen Vogue,_ where she had a column called “Thigh High Politics”. In September 2019, she released a book on young people and the future of American politics titled _How to Start a Revolution_.[4]

Early life and education

Duca was born in New York City and grew up in an affluent New Jersey suburb. Her parents live in New Jersey,[5] and she has a younger brother.[6]

In 2013, Duca graduated from Fordham University with a bachelor's degree in English and philosophy.[7] During this time, she was editor in chief of the alternative newspaper, _the paper._[8] In 2015, Duca received her master's degree in journalism and critical theory from New York University.[9]

Career

In 2013, Duca got her start working as an online editorial intern for _New York_. From 2013 to 2015, Duca worked as a reporter at _The Huffington Post_. In 2015, she began working as a freelance reporter, often writing for _Teen Vogue_.

In December 2016, Duca drew attention for an op-ed in _Teen Vogue_ titled “Donald Trump is Gaslighting America”,[10][11] which argued that then President-elect Donald Trump relied on deceit to undermine the truth so his critics would question their own judgment.[12] As of December 23, 2016, the essay had been viewed 1.2 million times, becoming the magazine's most-viewed post.[13] Katie Mettler of _The Washington Post_ said, “[T]he Internet lit up with praise for [Duca's] 'scorched-earth' op-ed.”[14] The essay was widely cited as a turning point in the fashion magazine's reputation, with a newly recognized political dimension.[15][16][17]

Duca appeared on _Tucker Carlson Tonight_ on December 23, 2016.[18] In the heated exchange over Duca's commentary on Ivanka Trump,[19] Duca criticized host Tucker Carlson for not allowing her to speak and called Carlson a “partisan hack”; in response, he told her that instead of political commentary, she “should stick to the thigh-high boots,” referring to her earlier articles on pop-star Ariana Grande.[20] Online harassment of Duca followed, including threats of sexual assault.[21]

In response, Duca named her new column at _Teen Vogue_, begun in February 2017,[22] “Thigh-High Politics.”[23] According to _Teen Vogue_, “Thigh High Politics” “breaks down the news, provides resources for the resistance, and just generally refuses to accept toxic nonsense.”[24] She also designed a tee-shirt in July 2017 with the phrase “I like my politics thigh-high,” and donated all of the proceeds from each $32 shirt to Planned Parenthood in Tucker Carlson's name.[25] As of December 2017, over $10,000 were raised.[26] In the face of backlash against _Teen Vogue_, Duca has defended the political commentary featured on the website, citing the disconnect between critics who find young women's interests as too silly for intellectual conversation and the reprimand young women face for not participating in political process.[27]

In 2017, former pharmaceutical executive Martin Shkreli attempted to contact Duca a number of times and referenced her routinely in social media. In early January 2017, Shkreli direct-messaged Duca, tweeted her directly, edited a collage of Duca for his Twitter banner, and superimposed his face on top of an image of Duca and her then-husband to use as his profile photo.[28] Duca made her discomfort in Shkreli's advances known on her Twitter, posting a screenshot of a direct message from Shkreli inviting Duca to Donald Trump's inauguration with the caption, “I would rather eat my own organs.”[29] Duca also posted screenshots of Shkreli's Twitter profile using her appearance, asking the platform's founder and CEO Jack Dorsey how Shkreli's actions were allowed.[30] Shkreli's Twitter account was then suspended for violating the website's rules prohibiting targeted harassment.[31] On July 28, 2017, Duca released a Twitter statement on her thoughts regarding Shkreli's securities-fraud trial and the sexual comments made by Shkreli on a Facebook live stream.[32] Duca tweeted, “I would (still) rather eat my own organs. So much as touch me, and I'll gladly chop off one of yours.”[33]

On 21 February 2018, Lauren responded to Billy Graham's death by tweeting: “The big news today is that Billy Graham was still alive this whole time. Anyway, have fun in hell, bitch.”[34] Her post drew some backlash on the internet.[35] In response to Fox News' coverage of her tweet, Duca noted: “The Fox article and segment on my stupid tweet are really miraculous in their bad-faith consternation. Billy Graham called being gay 'a sinister form of perversion,' and floated the idea that 'AIDS is a punishment from God.' If hell is real, that's exactly where he's headed.”[36]

In May 2018, it was announced that Duca would be a visiting scholar at New York University's journalism department.[37][38] In the summer of 2019, Duca taught a six-week course at New York University entitled “The Feminist Journalist.” The class was taught under the NYU Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute and focused on intersections of feminist ideology and the practice of journalism, and was made up of high-school and college students.[39] Four weeks after the course, students sent a collective formal complaint to New York University's journalism department regarding Duca's conduct during the class, writing, “We are disappointed at the department and NYU for hiring a professor with more interest in promoting her book than teaching a group of students eager to learn.”[40] Students allege that Duca targeted an exchange student, writing that she "consistently targeted this student on the basis of a communication difficulty the student cannot change.[41][42]

In September 2019, Duca released her first book, which was called _How to Start a Revolution: Young People and the Future of American Politics_.[43]

Personal life

Duca lives in Brooklyn[44] with her pet Shiba Inu, Demi.[45] Duca was married,[46] but announced on Twitter on January 13, 2019, that she was getting divorced from her husband. Since her divorce, she has identified as queer.[47]

Honors

-   2015: Los Angeles Press Club, National Arts and Entertainment Journalism Award, Online – Film/TV/Theater Feature for “The Rise of the Woman-Child”[48]
-   2017: Citizens' Committee for Children, Vanguard Award[49]
-   2017: Shorty Awards, Best in Journalism[50]

Selected works and publications

-   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

title: Lauren Duca

question: When was Duca born?

answer: February 24, 1991

answer: Duca was born on February 24, 1991.

answer: February 24, 1991

answer: February 24, 1991

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. She formerly worked at Teen Vogue, where she had a column called "Thigh High Politics." She released a book on young people and the future of American politics titled How to Start a Revolution in 2019.

text: Doesn't clarify where the title of her column comes from.

refinement: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. She formerly worked at Teen Vogue, where she had a column called "Thigh High Politics," named after an attack by Tucker Carlson. She released a book on young people and the future of American politics titled How to Start a Revolution in 2019.

answer: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. Duca formerly worked at Teen Vogue, where she had a column called “Thigh High Politics.” In September 2019, she released a book on young people and the future of American politics titled How to Start a Revolution.

text: Doesn't clarify where the column got its name.

refinement: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. Duca formerly worked at Teen Vogue, where she had a column called “Thigh High Politics,” named after an attack by Tucker Carlson. In September 2019, she released a book on young people and the future of American politics titled How to Start a Revolution.

answer: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. Since 2016, she has drawn attention for her op-eds and public comments. She published her first book in 2019, titled How to Start a Revolution: Young People and the Future of American Politics.

text: Doesn't mention "Thigh-High Politics."

refinement: Lauren Duca is an American freelance journalist, feminist, and political columnist. Since 2016, she has drawn attention for her op-eds and public comments including her "Teen Vogue" column "Thigh-High Politics," named after an attack by Tucker Carlson. She published her first book in 2019, titled How to Start a Revolution: Young People and the Future of American Politics.

answer: Lauren Duca is a freelance journalist and political columnist who has been recognized for her work on feminism and politics. She is also the author of the book "How to Start a Revolution: Young People and the Future of American Politics."

text: Doesn't mention “Thigh-High Politics.”

refinement: Lauren Duca is a freelance journalist and political columnist who has been recognized for her work on feminism and politics including her column in "Teen Vogue," "Thigh-High Politics" named after an attack by Tucker Carlson. She is also the author of the book "How to Start a Revolution: Young People and the Future of American Politics."


text:
APPLE FM (official call sign 3APL) is a community radio station licensed to Bacchus Marsh, Victoria.

History

The first test broadcast of this station in October 1986 coincided with the celebrations for the 150th year since the founding of Bacchus Marsh township. The original frequency offered was 94.7FM with call sign 3APL. One week only was granted for broadcasting. The ‘studio’ was in the garage of a real estate office in Underbank.

The station's establishment followed the dedicated and energetic efforts of founding member David Steele, a Bacchus Marsh resident and radio broadcasting enthusiast, who had invited expressions of interest in a local newspaper advertisement.

With the assistance of a team of 20 plus willing volunteers, donated equipment and funds, the station underwent many changes in venue:- the local grammar school, the community centre, the local post office, the public hall, a Main Street building above a chemist, an annex of the Montessori kindergarten in Darley to the current home, the Community Hub, thanks to the support of the Moorabool council.

After various test broadcasts of 2 weeks, 3 times per year, it was not until 2001 that a full license was granted to Apple 98.5FM with 200+ members. Even then, broadcasting times were limited.

All presenters being voluntary, shows have included breakfast programmes, news, sports, Community announcements a wide variety of music and even overnight broadcasts.

Though a turntable still exists, vinyl records, cassettes and cartridges have since given way to CDs and ultimately USB connections as the main music source. Outside broadcasts are an innovative feature of the station's progress. 24/7 broadcasting is well in place now.

Apple 98.5FM is also involved in various local community projects and festivals.

The incorporated committee, with President Karolyn Dangar meet monthly apart from the AGM and subcommittee meetings. Much structural and technical work is performed by members.

The station now has a professional development strategy for presenters and will also provide training in radio programming and presentation to prospective local students.

Membership fees and contributions, Sponsors’ donations are vital but insufficient to fully develop the station's future and reach the wider community.

title: Apple FM

question: In which country is Apple FM broadcast?

answer: Australia

text: The country where Apple FM broadcasts from was not mentioned in the article and "Australia" was likely pulled from an external source. Switch answer to "That information can't be found."

answer: Apple FM is licensed to Macchus Marsh, Victoria, probably Australia.

text: The country where Apple FM broadcasts from was not mentioned in the article and "Australia" was likely pulled from an external source. Switch answer to "That information can't be found."

answer: The station is broadcast in Australia.

text: The country where Apple FM broadcasts from was not mentioned in the article and "Australia" was likely pulled from an external source. Switch answer to "That information can't be found."

answer: Australia

text: The country where Apple FM broadcasts from was not mentioned in the article and "Australia" was likely pulled from an external source. Switch answer to "That information can't be found."

question: How did the operation Apple FM evolve from its inception?

answer: The operation Apple FM evolved from its inception by being granted a full license in 2001, having a team of volunteers, and broadcasting 24/7.

answer: The station's establishment followed the dedicated and energetic efforts of founding member David Steele, a Bacchus Marsh resident and radio broadcasting enthusiast, who had invited expressions of interest in a local newspaper advertisement.

text: "The station's establishment followed the dedicated and energetic efforts of founding member David Steele, a Bacchus Marsh resident and radio broadcasting enthusiast, who had invited expressions of interest in a local newspaper advertisement." - doesn't really answer the question of how the station evolved. Add revisions.

refinement: The station's establishment followed the dedicated and energetic efforts of founding member David Steele, a Bacchus Marsh resident and radio broadcasting enthusiast, who had invited expressions of interest in a local newspaper advertisement. With the assistance of a team of 20 plus willing volunteers, donated equipment, and funds, the station underwent many changes in venue. After various test broadcasts of 2 weeks, 3 times per year, it was not until 2001 that a full license was granted. Outside broadcasts are an innovative feature of the station's progress. 24/7 broadcasting is well in place now. The station now has a professional development strategy for presenters and will also provide training in radio programming and presentation to prospective local students.

answer:
1. Broadcasting times were limited, 24/7 broadcasting is currently well in place.
2. Originally vinyl records, cassettes and cartridges were used. This has since given way to CD's and USB connections as the main music source.
3. The venue of the radio station changed multiple times. It is currently housed in the Community Hub.
4. Presenters were voluntary, currently a professional development strategy for presenters are in place.

text: Odd format for an answer. Improve clarity by removing numbering and omitting irrelevant information.

refinement:
Broadcasting times were limited, now 24/7 broadcasting is currently well in place.
Originally vinyl records, cassettes, and cartridges were used. This has since given way to CDs and USB connections as the main music source.
The venue of the radio station changed multiple times. It is currently housed in the Community Hub.
Presenters were voluntary, currently, a professional development strategy for presenters is in place.

answer: From its inception, Apple FM has evolved from a small, volunteer-run operation to a more professional and community-oriented station. Membership fees and donations have been vital to its development, but it still needs more support in order to reach its full potential.

question: How old was Bacchus Marsh when Apple FM started to broadcast?

answer: The first test broadcast of Apple FM coincided with Bacchus Marsh's 150th year since its founding. This occurred in 1986.

answer: Bacchus Marsh was 150 years old when Apple FM started to broadcast.

answer: Bacchus Marsh was 150 years old when Apple FM started to broadcast.

answer: Bacchus Marsh was 150 years old when Apple FM started broadcasting.

question: What challenges does Apple FM currently face?

answer: The station is currently facing a lack of funds to fully develop the station's future and reach the wider community.

answer: One challenge that Apple FM currently faces is securing enough funding to continue to grow and reach a wider audience. Additionally, the station must also find ways to train new presenters and provide professional development opportunities.

text: "Additionally, the station must also find ways to train new presenters and provide professional development opportunities." - is inaccurate and must be deleted. They are already doing this: "The station now has a professional development strategy for presenters and will also provide training in radio programming and presentation to prospective local students."

refinement: One challenge that Apple FM currently faces is securing enough funding to continue to grow and reach a wider audience.

answer: They do not have enough finances to fully develop the station's future and reach the wider community. Currently, they rely on membership fees and contribution as well as sponsors' donations.

text: "contribution" - replace with "contributions"

refinement: They do not have enough finances to fully develop the station's future and reach the wider community. Currently, they rely on membership fees and contributions as well as sponsors' donations.

answer: Apple FM currently faces challenges in funding and training.

text: "training" - it wasn't implied if the station was having issues with training. They are already providing training for local students.

refinement: Apple FM currently faces challenges in funding.

question: What part does Apple FM play in the community?

answer: Apple FM is involved in various local community projects and festivals.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station that broadcasts to the community.

text: "Apple FM is a community radio station that broadcasts to the community." - a community radio station obviously broadcasts to the community. A complete revision is needed, complete with details.

refinement: Aside from broadcasting the news, sports, music, and local announcements to the community, Apple FM is involved in various local community projects and festivals.

answer: Apple FM was established following the effort of a Bacchus marsh resident. The resident invited expressions of interest in a local newspaper advertisement. Twenty volunteers ran the station with donated equipment and funds. All presenters were voluntary. Apple FM is involved in various local community projects and festivals. Structural and technical work for the station is performed by the members of the community association. The station relies of fees, contributions and sponsors.

text: This doesn't answer the question. A complete overhaul is needed.

refinement: Apple FM is involved in various local community projects and festivals.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station that aims to provide entertainment and information to the local community. It broadcasts a variety of shows and events, and is always looking for new members and sponsors to help it grow.

text: "and is always looking for new members and sponsors to help it grow." - is irrelevant information that should not be included. Replace with the station's involvement in festivals and projects.

refinement: Apple FM is a community radio station that aims to provide entertainment and information to the local community. It broadcasts a variety of shows and events and is involved in various local community projects and festivals.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, broadcasting on the frequency of 98.5FM. The station has been broadcasting since 1986, and is run by a dedicated team of volunteers. They hope to expand their reach and services in the future, but need financial support to do so.

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Delete the third sentence.

refinement: Apple FM is a community radio station in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, broadcasting on the frequency of 98.5FM. The station has been broadcasting since 1986, and is run by a dedicated team of volunteers.

text: "1986," - remove the comma

refinement: Apple FM is a community radio station in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, broadcasting on the frequency of 98.5FM. The station has been broadcasting since 1986 and is run by a dedicated team of volunteers.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria. The station was originally granted a one-week license to broadcast in 1986, but it wasn't until 2001 that they were granted a full license. The station has since grown and now broadcasts 24/7.

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Delete the third sentence.

refinement: Apple FM is a community radio station in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria. The station was originally granted a one-week license to broadcast in 1986, but it wasn't until 2001 that they were granted a full license.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station licensed in Bacchus March, Victoria. The station relies heavily on the community for its content and livelihood.

answer: Apple FM is a community radio station licensed to Bacchus Marsh, Victoria. It was established in 1986 and has undergone many changes in venue.


text:
The Pit of The Earth fell silent, those magnificent trees which remained, those whose boreal ancestors once sat and kept watch over the earth and its children, quivered in a strange wind.

And the last of the Gods, Tomon, mumbled a quatrain as he stood atop The Pit of The Earth and tears fell from his sole eye as he cast himself into the oblivion below. And man was alone.

Strange fluids, a torrent of some foul ichor, bled from the earth, and Carnek the Mighty Roc wavered as he clung to the mountain top,mortally wounded. Pride forbade him from showing pain, and yet the host below could see the thin flechettes that protruded from his breast, and the blood that stained the sandstone. And he too was cast into pit.

By this time the earth had been re-built many times over and resembled that of a cube rather than a spheroid , and the seas of lava and nickel and iron were no more, only vast caverns of glass and steel that housed the myriad of creatures that were once surface dwellers. For only the brave or foolish would set foot on the land or wade the now shallow seas, for there dwelt The White Buds and their thralls.

But whilst the Gods were no more mankind had one last hope.  A million years had been spent labouring deep within the earths mantle, and great engines aided by man and beast had built something truly awe inspiring,  a great weapon of clay and metal, stone and flesh, blood and iron, would be sent forth to the surface world.

And The White Buds, mankind did hope, would taste revenge at last. And the warcry of Earth kind, the bellow of the hippo creatures and elephant analogues merged with the roar of the lion and a trillion voices which burst forth from the caverns and crags and echoed in the mountains above. And yet The White Buds sat in cold silence, oblivious to the terror which would soon be unleashed upon them.

title: [MF] The White Buds - Part 18

question: When does the story take place?

answer: Millions of years in the future

text: This answer would be enhanced by putting it into a full sentence.

refinement: Millions of years in the future is when this story takes place.

text: In this passage, it states "a million years had been spent labouring deep within the earths mantle" indicating that this passage is taking place millions of years into the future.

answer: The story takes place in the future.

answer: The story takes place in the future.

answer: The story takes place sometime in the future, after the Gods have died and mankind is left to fend for itself against the White Buds.

question: Who is the last of the gods?

text: No response is provided so it is important to put an accurate response.

answer: Tomon.

answer: Tomon is the last of the gods.

answer: Tomon

text: Adding a period at the end of this response and turning it into a full sentence will enhance the response.

question: Who is Carnek the Mighty Roc?

answer: He is a God.

text: No response is given and a proper response needs to be written.

refinement: Carnek the Mighty Roc is one of the last remaining Gods, and he is mortally wounded when he is cast into the pit by the White Buds.

answer: Carnek the Mighty Roc is one of the last remaining Gods, and he is mortally wounded when he is cast into the pit by the White Buds.

answer: That information can't be found

text: This response isn't the best response given. A guess of who Carnek the Mighty Roc is can be made from the details given in the passage.

refinement: Carnek the Mighty Roc is one of the last remaining Gods, and he is mortally wounded when he is cast into the pit by the White Buds.

question: What are The White Buds?

answer: They are the last of the Gods.

text: This is an incorrect answer. The whole response needs to be changed.

refinement: The White Buds are creatures that live on the surface of the earth after the Gods have been killed off. Mankind hopes to use a weapon to destroy them in revenge.

text: No response is given. A proper response needs to be added.

refinement: The White Buds are creatures that live on the surface of the earth after the Gods have been killed off. Mankind hopes to use a weapon to destroy them in revenge.

answer: The White Buds are creatures that live on the surface of the earth after the Gods have been killed off. Mankind hopes to use a weapon to destroy them in revenge.

answer: Some race of beings which dwell on the Earth's surface, and which mankind sees as an enemy

text: A period needs to be added to the end of this statement.

refinement: Some race of beings which dwell on the Earth's surface, and which mankind sees as an enemy.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Pit of The Earth goes silent and the last of the gods, Tomon, falls into it. The Earth has been reshaped over time into a cube, and The White Buds dwell on the surface. Inside the Earth, mankind has built a great weapon which they want to use in revenge against The White Buds.

answer: The White Buds are a race of creatures that have taken over the Earth. Mankind has one last hope, a weapon of clay and metal, stone and flesh, blood and iron, that will be sent to the surface world.

answer: The White Buds are a race of creatures that have taken over the earth. They are the last of the Gods. Mankind has built a weapon to fight back.

answer: The last of the Gods have fallen, and mankind's last hope is a weapon that will be unleashed on the White Buds. However, the White Buds seem oblivious to the impending attack.


text:
In June 2011, the Election Commission of India (ECI), established the INDIA INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DEMOCRACY AND ELECTION MANAGEMENT (IIIDEM) to advance its professional competence in election management, promote peoples participation, contribute to developing stronger democratic institutions and support the efforts of ECI in carrying out its mandate and functions.[1]

History

Over the last six decades, the structure and functions of the Election Commission have undergone major changes and thus the management of elections has become increasingly complex.[2] A rapid transformation in social context and reality, rising number of political parties, changing dynamics and demands of coalitions and alliances, frequent elections and bye-elections, increase in number of eligible voters and continuous updating of electoral rolls have led to new challenges for election management bodies of today.[3]

The ‘Vision @ 60’ document of the Commission aims to conduct elections that are completely free of crime and abuse of money power, based on a seamless electoral roll with voters’ full participation.[4] To translate this to reality, close to 11 million personnel at various levels are engaged to carry out the constitutional mandate of the Commission.[5] They need to be equipped with competency and skills, in response to which the Commission has signed Memorandums of Understanding with a number of countries and inter-government agencies for sharing best practices and providing technical assistance.[6]

With regard to institutionalizing training for election management bodies to be fully equipped for undertaking such visionary action; the Election Commission of India had created a separate training division.[7] However, this division was not in a position to provide undivided attention to the changing needs of training, capacity development, research and documentation. Therefore, to provide coordination for all training activities across the country and assist young and emerging democracies abroad, IIIDEM was established to ensure that all election managers maintain high professional standards in imparting their election duties.[8]

Academics

IIIDEM has a team of senior experts and professionals to run its academic and research programmes. It holds domestic and international courses and training programmes that are residential and non-residential. Till date, 36% of the training programmes have been residential and 64% have been non-residential.[9] Since 2011, a total of 30 international programmes have been conducted, training 571 trainees from 72 countries. Hundreds of domestic training's are conducted annually across the country.[10]

Campus

The IIIDEM is presently housed in the premises of the Election Commission of India.[11] A sprawling 5 acre campus of the Institute is underway at Dwarka (Sector 13) in New Delhi, which is just 10 kilometers away from the Indira Gandhi International Airport.[12]

Structure

IIIDEM is headed by a Director General and has the following centers of excellence:

i. CENTRE FOR TRAINING AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT This Centre provides comprehensive training programmes along with refresher courses and theme-based programmes in election management. A team of National Level Master Trainers (NLMTs) is developed to deliver a cascaded training approach targeted at District Election Officers, Returning Officers and Electoral Officers.[13]

ii._' Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building:_' This Centre foresees international collaboration with focus on overseas training development, tie- ups with international electoral organizations and other international workshops in collaboration with international organizations.[14]

iii. CENTRE FOR IT AND E- LEARNING: The Centre is tasked with development of E-Learning LMS and improvement of available modules to achieve professional quality. The Centre also forms partnerships with E- Learning Organizations/ Institutions in India and across the globe.[15]

iv._' Centre for Voter Education:_' This Centre works on capacity development for voter education, documentation for international best practices in voter education and also formalizes international collaboration in this field.[16]

v._' Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation:_' This Centre does research on electoral data, promotes innovation and prepares documents on various electoral subjects. The Centre also interacts with academic institutions for development of collaborative projects and literature on elections.[17]

vi. CENTRE FOR ELECTORAL LAWS: This Centre is engaged in the study of Indian and international electoral laws.[18] Additionally, the Centre also provides necessary support to other wings in developing modules for training. The Centre is also involved in developing international standards and practices for improving electoral laws and election management processes.[19]

Publications

IIIDEM brings out several handbooks/ guidebooks for different types of election functionaries. Along with this, IIIDEM also develops materials like case studies, films, mock polling materials et al.[20] The Institute also undertakes applied research to connect the world of theory on democracy and election management to actual practice and hands on experience.

Alumni

International Alumni

International alumni includes senior functionaries such as Chairpersons, Director of Elections, Deputy Director General, Election Officers et al. from Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, Cambodia, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Cote D’Ivore, Democratic Republic of Congo, East Timor, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Samoa, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St. Lucia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.[21]

Domestic Alumni

Domestic alumni include Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers and other Election Functionaries.

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title: India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is the IIIDEM campus?

answer: The IIIDEM has a sprawling 5 acre campus located at Dwarka (Sector 13) in New Delhi.

text: The campus is presently located somewhere else.

refinement: IIIDEM campus is situated on the premises of the Election Commission of India.

answer: A sprawling 5 acre campus at Sector 13, in New Delhi.

text: The location isn't at Sector 13 in New Delhi.

answer: In the premises of the Election Commission of India, with a sprawling 5 acre campus under construction near the New Delhi airport at Dwarka Sector 13.

answer: The institute is currently at the premises of the Election Commission of India

answer: The IIIDEM campus is currently situated in the premises of the Election Commission of India. However, a sprawling 5 acre campus is underway in Dwarka, New Delhi, which is 10 kilometers away from the airport.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the 'Vision @ 60'?

answer: The 'Vision @ 60' of the Election Commission of India is to conduct elections that are completely free of crime and abuse of money power, based on a seamless electoral roll with voters' full participation.

answer: The "Vision @ 60" document of the Election Commission of India aims to conduct elections that are free of crime and abuse of money power. To translate this vision into reality, personnel at various levels are trained to handle election management competently. IIIDEM was created to advance its professional competence in election management.

answer: Document which calls for committing to election administration that is completely free of crime and abuse of money power.

answer: A document which seeks to conduct elections free of crime and money power.

text: The document was created to plan for elections that are free of crime and abuse of money based on a seamless electoral roll with voters' participation.

answer: The 'Vision @ 60' is a document of the Commission. It aims to conduct elections that are completely free of crime and abuse of money power.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What all centers does the institute have?

answer: Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, Centre for Voter Education, Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation, and Centre for Electoral Laws.

answer: Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, Centre for Voter Education, [and] Centre for Electoral Law.

text: One centre is missing.

refinement: Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, Centre for Voter Education, Centre for Electoral Law, and Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation.

answer: The IIIDEM has four centers of excellence: Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, and Centre for Voter Education. Additionally, the Centre for Electoral Laws is engaged in studying various electoral laws.

text: The IIIDEM has six, not four centres of excellence.

refinement: The IIIDEM has six centers of excellence: Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, Centre for Voter Education, Centre for Electoral Law, and Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation.

answer:
The institute has 6 centers:
- Centre for Training and Capacity Development
- Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building
- Centre for IT and E-Learning
- Centre for Voter Education
- Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation
- Centre for Electoral Law

answer: The IIIDEM has centers of excellence for capacity development, international cooperation and capacity building, IT and e-learning, and voter education.

text: The names of the centers of incorrectly written and the list of centers is incomplete.

refinement: The IIIDEM has Centre for Training and Capacity Development, Centre for International Cooperation and Capacity Building, Centre for IT and E-Learning, Centre for Voter Education, Centre for Electoral Law, and Centre for Innovation, Research and Documentation.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who are the domestic alumni?

answer: The domestic alumni of the IIIDEM includes Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers and other Election Functionaries.

answer: Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers, and other Election Functionaries

answer: The domestic alumni are the Chief electoral officers of states, additional chief electoral officers, returning officers, and other election functionaries.

answer: The domestic alumni include Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers and other Election Functionaries.

answer: Domestic alumni include Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers, and other Election Functionaries.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer:
The India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM) was created in 2011 to advance its professional competence in election management, promote people's participation, contribute to the development of stronger democratic institutions, and to support the efforts of ECI in carrying out its mandate and functions. This organization is partnered with international election management organizations in skilled and training-intensive environments around the world.

It is housed in the premises of the Election Commission of India. It has 36% of its programmes residential and also 64% non-residential (consecutively, it has 30 international training programmes with an average participation of 71 nations, and hundreds of domestic training programs every year). A total of 571 international trainees from 72 countries are trained to-date.

A number of handbooks and guidebooks are also published by the center.

answer: IIIDEM was founded in 2011 as a result of the changing complexities of election management. It aims to provide training for election management bodies and developing international standards for improving electoral laws. Its training programmes are residential and non-residential and cover topics from IT and e-learning to voter education and electoral laws. Among its alumni are Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, Returning Officers, and other Election Functionaries.

answer: The INDIA INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DEMOCRACY AND ELECTION MANAGEMENT (IIIDEM) was created by the Election Commission of India in June 2011. The Institute has centers of excellence for training and capacity building, international cooperation and capacity building, and voter education. International alumni includes senior functionaries in different countries around the world. Domestic alumni includes Chief Electoral Officers of Indian states, additional Chief Electoral Officers, and other election functionaries.

answer:
The Indian International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM) is an institute created by the Election Commission of India. The institute is established with the motive of bringing in professional competence and supporting the efforts of ECI in carrying out its functions.

The institute was established in 2011 and has a team of experts and professionals to run the academic and research programs. They hold international and domestic courses.

The IIIDEM is headed by a Director-General and has six centers of excellence.

answer:
The Election Commission of India established the India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM) to be fully enhance election management, to promote peoples participation, contribute to developing stronger democratic institutions, and support the effort of the Election Commission in carrying out its mandate and functions.

Since 2011, IIIDEM oversaw 30 international training programmes and trained 571 trainees from 72 countries. The institute is managed by a team of senior experts. As of 2013, the institute has a sprawling campus in Dwarka.

IIIDEM continues to run several programmes that train District Election Officers, Returning Officers and close to 11 million personnel engaged to carry out the constitutional mandate of the Commission. It also assists young democracies abroad.