text:
GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys. The public allegations against Little, and his subsequent suicide, followed a decade of rumors that had circulated about him, including several media exposes that had been quashed before publication, and a state investigation of Little which had been sealed.

Early life and education

Little was born in Seattle, the son of truck driver Sterling Little, who died in August 1947 after hanging himself in a jail cell in the King County Courthouse where he was being held on a burglary charge. Gary Little's widowed mother worked as a stenographer while he and his sister were raised by their grandmother. Little, described as a “driven and able” student, graduated from Lincoln High School and earned a scholarship to Harvard University.[1][2][3]

Little graduated from Harvard and went on to earn a juris doctor from the University of Washington School of Law. While a student at the University of Washington, he “immersed himself in Democratic politics” and began to develop a circle of influential friends.[4][5]

Career

Beginning in the 1960s, Little worked as an Assistant Attorney General assigned to the University of Washington. During this time, he also served as a volunteer counselor in the Seattle juvenile court and as a part-time teacher at the prestigious Lakeside School from 1968 to 1972. He subsequently was retained as general counsel for the Seattle School District, and was later credited with engineering the district's “sweeping desegregation program”.[6][7][8]

Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.[9]

Allegations of sexual abuse

In 1981, King County Prosecutor Norm Maleng quietly opened an investigation into rumors that had been circulating about Little having inappropriate contact with juvenile defendants outside the courtroom. A subsequent inquiry by the state's Commission on Judicial Conduct found that Little had non-criminal, but inappropriate, encounters with boys who appeared in his court and admonished him for it, however, the report of the inquiry was sealed.[10][11]

At about the same time, three of Little's former students at the Lakeside School contacted the _Seattle Post-Intelligencer_ to allege instances of sexual abuse by the judge when he was working at the school in the 1960s. The newspaper began an investigation of the claims, in the process of which it discovered a previously unknown arrest of Little from 1964 on charges of assault against a 16-year-old in Little's Seattle apartment; the charges in that case had been dismissed. The _Seattle Post-Intelligencer_'s inquiry stalled after the former Lakeside students refused to swear affidavits as to the veracity of their accusations. Publishers had demanded the affidavits to protect the newspaper against the possibility of a future libel lawsuit.[12][13]

By the mid 1980s, Little had become a divisive figure among judges on the Superior Court; some felt he actively sought to try juvenile cases as a way of coming into contact with boys for sexual purposes, while other judges felt such insinuations amounted to gay bashing. In 1985 Superior Court presiding judge Norman Quinn directed that Little not hear criminal cases involving juveniles after he discovered Little had taken a 14-year-old defendant from Bellevue, Washington, Christmas shopping for the boy's father. Little defended his involvement with the boy, stating that it was important for those in the criminal justice system to “intervene in a dramatic and decisive way in the lives” of young people to deter them from a future life of crime.[14][15]

The same year, when Little was restricted from trying juvenile cases, KING-TV prepared to air a story on Little based on the accounts of four confidential sources who alleged they had been abused by him at the Lakeside School in the 1960s. Ancil Payne, the president of King Broadcasting Company, ordered that the story be shelved. A simultaneous inquiry by _The Seattle Times_ was never published, though reporter Don McGaffin later recalled that he had personally witnessed Little kissing “a blond, blue-eyed male student” on one occasion in 1968 when he had walked into Little's office at the University of Washington.[16]

In July 1988, KING-TV aired a story about Little's earlier involvement with the Bellevue 14-year-old, after which Little announced he would not seek renewal of his term on the Superior Court, which was expiring that year, and instead depart Washington for California. Following the KING-TV story, the _Seattle Post-Intelligencer_ reopened its earlier investigation of the Lakeside allegations and decided to move forward with publication, the new article being penned by reporter Duff Wilson.[17][18]

Death

On August 18, 1988, Little shot and killed himself in his chambers in the King County Courthouse, the same building his father had killed himself in more than 40 years before.[19] Little had earlier been contacted by Duff Wilson who informed him about his soon to-be published story. A suicide note found at the scene read, in part:[20]

More than 600 people attended Little's funeral.[21]

Aftermath

Initial public reaction to news of Little's death largely focused on the _Seattle Post-Intelligencer_ and the belief it had hounded the judge, though the confidential operation of the state's Commission on Judicial Conduct and the suppression of its 1981 report also quickly came under scrutiny. Later, concern was expressed that indicators of possible wrongdoing by Little had been covered up by Seattle's historically cloistered social and political elite. In a story published two months after Little's death, _The Washington Post_ noted that “the explanations have centered on the traditional decorum and protectiveness of Seattle politics, libel laws, the gay-rights movement, the reluctance to besmirch a judge and, particularly, Little's solid public reputation and widespread friendships”.[22][23]

Personal life

Little was viewed by colleagues and community members as “funny, articulate, [and] brilliant” and seamlessly embedded himself as a fixture within Seattle society despite his modest origins. He was known to be a “dapper” dresser who frequented the city's finest clubs and restaurants. Some jurors who served in his court recalled that he had a penchant for making the law accessible and adeptly handling the mechanics of complex cases.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

title: Gary Little

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was Gary Little born?

answer: Circa 1939.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: That information can't be found.

text: Yes, it can-it's in the first sentence of the article.

answer: c. 1939

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: Little was born in 1939.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: 1939

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where did Gary Little live?

answer: That information can't be found in the text.

text: This is absolutely found in the text.

answer: He lived for most of his life in Seattle, Washington.

answer: Little lived in Seattle, Washington.

answer: Little was born in Seattle and later lived there.

answer: Seattle Washington.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was Little elected to the King County Superior Court?

answer: 1980.

text: Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.

answer: In 1978.

text: He was elected to the Kings County Superior Court in 1980.

refinement: He was elected to the Kings County Superior Court in 1980.

answer: 1980.

text: Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.

answer: 1980.

text: Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.

answer: Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.

text: Little was elected to the King County Superior Court in 1980.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When did Little die?

answer: 1988.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: August 18, 1988.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: August 18, 1988.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: August 18, 1988.

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: 18 August, 1988

text: GARY LITTLE (c. 1939 – August 18, 1988) was an American judge from Seattle, Washington who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about Gary Little, a judge who committed suicide in 1988.

text: I added why he committed suicide.

refinement: The article is about Gary Little, a judge who committed suicide in 1988 after being suspected of having sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: Gary Little, an American judge from Seattle, committed suicide in 1988 amid allegations of sexual contact with underage boys. The aftermath of his death revealed possible cover-ups and unanswered questions about his possible wrongdoing.

answer: This article is about Gary Little, an American judge from Seattle, Washington, who committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: The article is about Gary Little, an American judge who lived in Seattle, Washington.

text: This is missing the whole point of the article.

refinement: The article is about Gary Little, an American judge who lived in Seattle, Washington and committed suicide in 1988 after allegations that he had sexual contact with underage boys.

answer: Judge Gary Little committed suicide in 1988 after being publicly accused of sexual abuse of underage boys. He had been under investigation for this behavior before his death, and had been restricted from hearing juvenile cases as a result.


split: train

text: Let me tell you a story about my perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. So it begins with me setting off from my sleepy little town of -redacted- on a mission; a mission of dire importance to me. It begins on the wild roads of Suburbia that slowly melt from the lull of bustle and humanity to a hush that only comes with rural areas, a hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep. But I was determined, I was eager to go to this glorious Fabled city of Old so I did not nod off. To keep complete composure, like anyone would, I needed sustenance, preferably in the form of my favorite country buffet. After a raucous feast and courtesies to the wait staff as is the custom, I was off again. The horizon was comprised of the mighty Catoctin mountain at a staggering 1900 feet and the scraggly beard of trees atop it; this mountain man shifting and moving with the ridges as if actual flesh and blood. The contrast of the soaring peaks and the farmland like slabs of concrete laid down flat made for quite a sight and I was struck with the urge to paint, but I was morally contracted to visit the light at the end of my tunnel vision, so I kept trekking. I was close and I could feel it. There is this buzz of excitement, like a small static shock, that flows like the electrons that make up a current through your body. This excitement tingles and slowly resonates stronger and stronger until you reach the generator of the buzz and then it's gone. I could see the gleaming gold buildings, of my destination but I kept my cool and held in the current until I was face to face with the crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history. The shadow of the Round Top hills overlooking the site led me right to the spot where my interest in history would grow exponentially to  point of no return. I departed my rusty steed and I was there, finally

title: Gettysburg (taken from my College entrance essay, please critique)

question: Where does the setting of the story take place?

answer: The setting of the story takes place at Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania.

answer: Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania

answer: The story takes place in a small town in Pennsylvania.

text: "The story takes place in a small town in Pennsylvania." - missing "Gettysburg Battlefield".

refinement: The story takes place in Gettysburg Battlefield, Pennsylvania.

answer: Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania

question: What does the narrator feast on before continuing their trek?

answer: The narrator feasts on a country buffet before continuing their trek.

text: "The narrator feasts on a country buffet before continuing their trek." - the narrator is alone and there are no other characters in the story. Replace "their" with "his"

refinement: The narrator feasts on a country buffet before continuing his trek.

answer: The narrator feasts on a country buffet.

answer: The narrator feasts on a country buffet before continuing their trek to Gettysburg Battlefield.

text: "before continuing their trek to Gettysburg Battlefield." - can be deleted or change the pronoun "their" to "his"

refinement: The narrator feasts on a country buffet before continuing his trek to Gettysburg Battlefield.

answer: Their favorite country buffet.

text: "His favorite country buffet." - replace "their" with "his"

question: What does the narrator compare the historical site to?

answer: The narrator compares the historical site to a generator of a buzz.

text: The narrator compares the historical site to a generator of a buzz. - He doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything.

answer: The narrator compares Gettysburg Battlefield to a "crown jewel" of Civil War history.

text: "The narrator compares Gettysburg Battlefield to a "crown jewel" of Civil War history." - The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything, but thinks it is the crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history.

refinement: The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything but calls it "the crown jewel" of the empire of Civil War history.

answer: The narrator compares the historical site to a crown jewel.

text: "The narrator compares the historical site to a crown jewel." - The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything but thinks it is the crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history.

refinement: The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything but calls it "the crown jewel" of the empire of Civil War history.

answer: The crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history.

text: "The crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history." - The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything but thinks it is the crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history.

refinement: The narrator doesn't compare Gettysburg to anything but calls it "the crown jewel" of the empire of Civil War history.

question: How much would the narrator's interest in history grow?

answer: The narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially to the point of no return.

answer: Exponentially to point of no return.

answer: The narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially after visiting Gettysburg Battlefield. They describe the experience as being "like a small static shock" that "slowly resonates stronger and stronger" until they reach the "generator" of the buzz.

text: "The narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially after visiting Gettysburg Battlefield." - add "to the point of no return" after "exponentially"

refinement: The narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially to the point of no return after visiting Gettysburg Battlefield. They describe the experience as being "like a small static shock" that "slowly resonates stronger and stronger" until they reach the "generator" of the buzz.

text: "They describe the experience as being "like a small static shock" that "slowly resonates stronger and stronger" until they reach the "generator" of the buzz." - this part is irrelevant and should be deleted.

refinement: The narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially to the point of no return after visiting Gettysburg Battlefield.

answer: It would grow exponentially.

text: "It would grow exponentially." - add "to the point of no return"

refinement: It would grow exponentially to the return of return.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The author is describing their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. They describe the journey as a "perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing" one. They describe the journey as a "wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep

text: Model error.

refinement: The author is describing their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. They describe the journey as a "perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing" one. They describe the journey as a "wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep." They describe the journey as a "journey of dire importance to me." They describe the journey as a "journey of wild roads of Suburbia" that slowly melt from the bustle and humanity to a "hush that only comes with rural areas." They describe the journey as a "hush that creeps up on you slowly and before you know it, the somnolent hush almost puts you to sleep

answer:
The narrator tells their amazing journey to the Gettysburg Battlefield.
Narrator begins their trekking along the mighty Catoctin mountain until finally arriving at the crown jewel site of Civil War history. This is the place where the narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially.

text: "The narrator tells their amazing journey to the Gettysburg Battlefield." - the narrator is alone. Replace "their" with " of his"

refinement:
The narrator tells of his amazing journey to the Gettysburg Battlefield.
Narrator begins their trekking along the mighty Catoctin mountain until finally arriving at the crown jewel site of Civil War history. This is the place where the narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially.

text: "Narrator begins their trekking along" - Start the sentence with "The"

refinement:
The narrator tells of his amazing journey to the Gettysburg Battlefield.
The narrator begins their trekking along the mighty Catoctin mountain until finally arriving at the crown jewel site of Civil War history. This is the place where the narrator's interest in history would grow exponentially.

answer: The author describes their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield, where they were awed by the history and scenery. They describe the experience as being both exciting and enlightening.

text: "The author describes their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield, where they were awed by the history and scenery. They describe the experience as being both exciting and enlightening." - The narrator is trekking alone. Replace all plural pronouns with singular pronouns.

refinement: The author describes his journey to Gettysburg Battlefield, where he was awed by the history and scenery. He describes the experience as being both exciting and enlightening.

text: Did not meet the 3-sentence summary requirement. Add one more.

refinement: The author describes his journey to Gettysburg Battlefield, where he was awed by the history and scenery. He describes the experience as being both exciting and enlightening. The narrator calls Gettysburg "the crown jewel of the empire of Civil War history."

answer: The narrator describes their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. They describe the journey as perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing. They describe the journey as a mission of dire importance to them.

text: "The narrator describes their journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. They describe the journey as perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing. They describe the journey as a mission of dire importance to them."- The narrator is trekking alone. Replace all plural pronouns with singular pronouns.

refinement: The narrator describes his journey to Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania. He describes the journey as perilous and sometimes absurdly amazing. He describes the journey as a mission of dire importance to him.


text:
I told her it was amazing and that she has a talent, but she sometimes doubts herself, and considers me biased because we're dating, but I truly think it's a gripping start. It may have some grammatical and spelling errors, but please, I'd love to hear your opinion.

“What are you drawing again?” I asked five-year-old Madeline. Madeline looked down at her paper with the big jumble of colors and giggled. “I think it’s a dinosaur now. It used to be a bird.” I nodded and watched her carefully select another crayon out of the big box on the floor. We were sitting on our back porch in the middle of September. September, 2186. I lied on my back to look up through the trees at the sky and Madeline started singing to herself. Grandma would want us to come in for lunch soon and Madeline would want to feed hers to the dog. I closed my eyes and held my breath. The wind blew my hair around my forehead. Suddenly everything was shaking. I sat up in alarm and Madeline stopped singing. We both looked up at the trees, which were being abandoned by all of the animals that lived in them. “Bristol…?” Madeline whispered in a shaky voice. “We have to get inside,” I replied, standing up. We waited there a few moments more, mesmerized by the haunting scene of the quaking earth and the leaves that were being shaken from the trees. I snapped out of it and turned to Madeline, pulling her to her feet. “NOW!” I yelled over the sound of the rumbling. She pulled away from me, grabbing her drawings and throwing the crayons, which had been scattered all over the floor, back into the box. “Madeline! We don’t have time!” I tried to grab her, but she yanked herself free and continued gathering her things as quickly as she could. I looked at her helplessly before dropping to my knees and hastily helping her collect her crayons. It was getting closer. “Madeline…” I whispered, defeated. A feeling of déjà vu washed over me. I knew this feeling too well. I couldn’t place it, but this all felt very familiar and I was getting more uneasy every second. “We have to leave the rest. Madeline, please! We must go inside now!” Madeline cradled her box of crayons and drawings and rose to her feet. Just as she was standing, something long and black wrapped around her waist. Madeline looked down in confusion and then back up at me. I frantically reached for her, trying to pull the mysterious thing from her waist. She dropped her box and tried to grab me; tried to keep herself on the ground, but it was too late. The long black arm was lifting her off the porch. “Bris!” Madeline screamed in terror. She was held horizontally above me, looking down in fear. I was yelling her name and jumping, trying to reach one of her ankles or hands, trying to bring her down. My hand got a hold of something, but she was pulled into the sky, screaming. I started crying. I yelled up into the empty trees, now free of life and nearly leafless. “WHAT ARE YOU DOING WITH HER?” I kept yelling and sobbing until my voice was weak. I looked around at the piles of leaves on the ground that had not been there just minutes ago. Then I remembered. There was something in my hand – something I had grabbed when trying to reach for her. I tried to steady my breathing as I looked down. The picture she had been working on, the bird/dinosaur, was slightly crumpled in my hand.

Bristol opened his eyes to find his pillow soaked with tears. He flipped it over and wiped is face dry. This time the memory was from eight years ago, when he and Madeline had been visiting their grandmother. Madeline was only five and Bristol was seven at the time. He looked over at his clock. It was 4:27 in the morning. For eleven nights in a row, now he had the nightmare. It was always a different, random memory and the way she was kidnapped always changed, but no matter where, when or how, each nightmare had two things in common: Madeline was always there, and she was always taken. The night before, they had been at the fair with their father – a memory from five years ago – and she had been whisked away by big men in black suits. In reality, Madeline had disappeared almost two years ago, when she was eleven, but Bristol’s mind was distorting memories from years before that and coming up with the strangest ways for her to have been kidnapped. He sat up and looked out the window, down at the cars passing by. He wondered what people could be doing and why they were out and about at such an early hour. Bristol lived on a busy street and no matter what time it was, there were always people, all rushing to get somewhere. He pressed his forehead to the window and watched the condensation appear and fade away as he breathed. For the past 20 months, no matter where he was or what he was doing, there was always one question pushing its way to the front of his mind – always wanting an answer. Would he ever see her again? A faint sound snapped Bristol’s attention away from the street below. His mother was crying in the next room and his father was whispering words of consolation that he couldn’t make out. Bristol sighed and lied back in bed, staring at the ceiling until it was time to start the day.

title: My doubtful girlfriend started writing a story. What does Reddit think?

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the theme of the story?

answer: The theme of the story is loss and searching for a missing loved one. The protagonist, Bristol, has lost his younger sister Madeline and is constantly on the lookout for clues that could lead to her whereabouts. The story builds to the nightmare scenes where Madeline is taken away in various ways, and lets the reader see the immense pain and worry felt by Bristol. The enduring question at the heart of the story is whether or not Bristol will ever find his sister again.

text: The highlighted text is incorrect. It reads as if Madeline is dead (she may or may not be) and must be corrected to show that she disappeared. Also, Bristol isn't constantly on the lookout for clues that could lead to Madeline's whereabouts.

refinement: The theme of the story is loss and searching for a missing loved one. Bristol's (the protagonist) younger sister Madeline disappeared two years ago. The story builds to the nightmare scenes where Madeline is taken away in various ways, and lets the reader see the immense pain and worry felt by Bristol. The enduring question at the heart of the story is whether or not Bristol will ever find his sister again.

text: The highlighted text especially "nightmare scenes" doesn't make sense and is hard to understand without the proper context. The entire sentence should be revised.

refinement: The theme of the story is loss and searching for a missing loved one. Bristol's (the protagonist) younger sister Madeline disappeared two years ago. He has been having nightmares for 11 nights in a row now, but it was always about random memories distorted with different scenarios where Madeline was kidnapped. The enduring question at the heart of the story is whether or not Bristol will ever find his sister again.

answer: The theme of this story is the pain of losing a loved one and how it affects the family members left behind. Madeline disappeared two years ago, and for the past 20 months, her big brother, Bristol, has been thinking if he will ever see her again. Bristol also has been plagued by nightmares of Madeline getting taken. However, his subconscious mind uses different scenarios (monsters, men in black, etc.) mixed with actual childhood memories with Madeline, making the dreams weird. Their mom seems to always be crying as well.

answer: The theme of the story appears to be the loss of innocence and the struggle to find hope in the face of tragedy. From the description of the dream, it appears that Madeline has been kidnapped and there has been no trace as to what happened to her. Bristol is left devastated with unanswered questions, which are compounded by his parents' grief. The story is reinforcing the idea that evil exists in the world and quality of life can quickly change. Despite the loss and heartbreak, however, it is important to remember hope and resilience in order to keep moving forward.

text: The theme of the story is how the pain of losing a loved one can affect family members. The loss of innocence and the struggle to find hope in the face of tragedy have nothing to do with the theme.

refinement: The theme of the story is how the pain of losing a loved one can affect family members. From the description of the dream, it appears that Madeline has been kidnapped and there has been no trace as to what happened to her. Bristol is left devastated with unanswered questions, which are compounded by his parents' grief. The story is reinforcing the idea that evil exists in the world and quality of life can quickly change. Despite the loss and heartbreak, however, it is important to remember hope and resilience in order to keep moving forward.

text: The story never reinforced anything about evil or quality of life. The part about resilience and moving forward was never mentioned anywhere in the text.

refinement: The theme of the story is how the pain of losing a loved one can affect family members. From the description of the dream, it appears that Madeline has been kidnapped and there has been no trace as to what happened to her. Bristol is left devastated with unanswered questions, which are compounded by his parents' grief.

text: This part of the response should explain what's going on with Bristol and how Madeline's disappearance affected him.

refinement: The theme of the story is how the pain of losing a loved one can affect family members. For 11 nights in a row, Bristol has been waking up crying because of the different dreams he keeps having about his younger sister Madeline and how she was taken. His nightmares are composed of random memories of Madeline but distorted in a way that includes the strangest ways of kidnapping her. Bristol is left devastated with unanswered questions, which are compounded by his parents' grief.

answer: Searching and loss.

answer: Kidnapped or missing children.

text: "Kidnapped or missing children" is not a theme. It is about pain and loss and how losing a loved one can affect a person.

refinement: The story's theme is the pain that comes after losing a loved one.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Madeline?

answer: This text paints Madeline as a lively young girl with an artistic talent. Despite being frightened in this scene, Madeline is depicted as brave and determined. She weathers tragedy and does not give up hope that she will see Bristol again.

text: Remove "an" in "artistic"

refinement: This text paints Madeline as a lively young girl with artistic talent. Despite being frightened in this scene, Madeline is depicted as brave and determined. She weathers tragedy and does not give up hope that she will see Bristol again.

text: "She weathers tragedy and does not give up hope that she will see Bristol again." - this was never mentioned anywhere in the story and should be removed.

refinement: This text paints Madeline as a lively young girl with artistic talent. Despite being frightened in this scene, Madeline is depicted as brave and determined.

answer: The text indicates that Madeline was five years old when the events of the story took place. She was unexpectedly taken by an unknown entity while she and Bristol were outdoors, and has since gone missing. Bristol is deeply traumatized by Madeline's disappearance, and spends his nights waking up from flashbacks of the event. The text also suggests that Madeline is close to and beloved by both Bristol and his mother.

text: "The text indicates that Madeline was five years old when the events of the story took place." - is incorrect because it was just Bristol's dream from eight years ago. The events took place two years ago when Madeline disappeared. She was 11 years old.

refinement: The text indicates that Madeline was 11 years old when the events of the story took place. She was unexpectedly taken by an unknown entity while she and Bristol were outdoors, and has since gone missing. Bristol is deeply traumatized by Madeline's disappearance, and spends his nights waking up from flashbacks of the event. The text also suggests that Madeline is close to and beloved by both Bristol and his mother.

text: "She was unexpectedly taken by an unknown entity while she and Bristol were outdoors, and has since gone missing." - this is incorrect because Madeline just disappeared. It was never established who or what took her. The black tentacle-like arm and the men in black suits were just parts of Bristol's imagination.

refinement: The text indicates that Madeline was 11 years old when the events of the story took place. She disappeared two years ago and has since gone missing. Bristol is deeply traumatized by Madeline's disappearance, and spends his nights waking up from flashbacks of the event. The text also suggests that Madeline is close to and beloved by both Bristol and his mother.

text: "waking up from flashbacks of the event" - is incorrect. Bristol doesn't wake up from flashbacks of the event, but from different nightmares about her disappearance.

refinement: The text indicates that Madeline was 11 years old when the events of the story took place. She disappeared two years ago and has since gone missing. Bristol is deeply traumatized by Madeline's disappearance and has been having nightmares about Madeline's disappearance for 11 nights in a row. The text also suggests that Madeline is close to and beloved by both Bristol and his mother.

answer: Madeline is Bristol's little sister who disappeared in September 2185 when she was eleven years old. She lives with their grandmother.

text: "who disappeared in September 2185" - is incorrect. There are no details about Madeline's disappearance other than she disappeared two years ago when she was 11 years old.

refinement: Madeline is Bristol's little sister who disappeared when she was eleven years old. She lives with their grandmother.

text: "She lives with their grandmother." - is inaccurate. Madeline doesn't live with their grandmother. That was just part of Bristol's memory from eight years ago when they visited her.

refinement: Madeline is Bristol's little sister who disappeared when she was eleven years old.

answer: Madeline is Bristol's younger sister. She disappeared two years ago when she was eleven. It has been 20 months and there is still no sign of Madeline. Bristol wonders if he'll ever see her again. Madeline's kidnapping has been the object of her brother's nightmares lately.

answer: Madeline was the one taken by something while they were on their back porch in the middle of September, 2186. Eight years later, Bristol had a bad dream that gave him the same feeling. Again, in his dream Madeline was taken. Bristol wondered if he would ever see her again.

text: The highlighted text is inaccurate. That was just a nightmare Bristol had from an old memory of when they visited their grandmother eight years ago.

refinement: Madeline disappeared two years ago when she was eleven years old. Bristol wondered if he would ever see her again.

text: The response is missing the part where Bristol keeps having nightmares about Madeline's disappearance.

refinement: Madeline disappeared two years ago when she was eleven years old. Bristol has been having nightmares lately. It was always a different distorted memory from years before, and the way she was kidnapped always changed. Bristol wondered if he would ever see her again.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why can't Bristol save Madeline in any of his nightmares?

answer: Probably because Madeline has already been missing for 20 months now. Bristol's subconscious knows that the chances of finding his sister go down after each day that goes by. It's also possible that the family hasn't heard anything new from the police about Madeline's disappearance.

answer: Bristol is afraid and helpless as Madeline is taken away by some unknown force in each nightmare. He is not able to save her because the nightmare twists their memories in unpredictable ways, making it impossible to get to her in time. He fears she will be lost forever and this helplessness haunts him.

text: Change "their" to "his"

refinement: Bristol is afraid and helpless as Madeline is taken away by some unknown force in each nightmare. He is not able to save her because the nightmare twists his memories in unpredictable ways, making it impossible to get to her in time. He fears she will be lost forever and this helplessness haunts him.

answer: In each of the nightmares, Madeline is grabbed or taken by some mysterious and powerful force before Bristol can reach her. Madeline is always in danger, no matter the context of the dream or memory that is being replayed. This suggests that there is probably some event or unstoppable force preventing Bristol from saving Madeline. The reasons for this vary- perhaps there is some unknown force more powerful than him, or maybe there is something he could have done but didn't which caused Madeline's disappearance to be inevitable. Regardless of the reason, Madeline is out of Bristol's control and he can't save her.

text: Change "Madeline" to "Madeline's disappearance"

refinement: In each of the nightmares, Madeline is grabbed or taken by some mysterious and powerful force before Bristol can reach her. Madeline is always in danger, no matter the context of the dream or memory that is being replayed. This suggests that there is probably some event or unstoppable force preventing Bristol from saving Madeline. The reasons for this vary- perhaps there is some unknown force more powerful than him, or maybe there is something he could have done but didn't which caused Madeline's disappearance to be inevitable. Regardless of the reason, Madeline's disappearance is out of Bristol's control and he can't save her.

answer: He kicks and screams, but his nightmare never has a happy ending.

text: The response doesn't really answer the question.

refinement: Bristol can't save Madeline in his nightmares because he knows her disappearance is out of his control and deep down, he knows there was nothing he could have done.

answer: She's hundreds of feet in the air and seems to be pulled out into the sky by something.

text: While the response doesn't answer the question, this can be a metaphor for Madeline's disappearance. Madeline dangling up in the air and Bristol can't reach her can signify that her disappearance was out of his control and there was nothing he could have done to save her.

refinement: Her disappearance was out of his control and there was nothing he could have done to save her.


text:
DIVERS GUIDE TO CHILE

AVERAGE WATER TEMP 55°F; Easter Island: low 70s >> WHAT TO WEAR Semidry or drysuit >> AVERAGE VIZ 50-80 feet; Easter Island: 80-plus feet >> WHEN TO GO December to February

Under the shadow of a seaweed forest off Chile’s southern town of Puerto Montt, a rock moves. The master of disguise — a mimic octopus — leaves the safety of its camouflage. Finding its next hideout over a garden of sea anemones, the octopus disappears into the coral. As it chooses its hiding spot, two Risso’s dolphins patrol the marine bottom.

With an area covering almost 3,000 miles from north to south (this also includes the many islands of the Patagonian Archipelago), the wide Chilean Sea is a blue frontier open to exploration. The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, flows north from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru. Considered a major upwelling system, it attracts an abundance of marine life to its waters.

During summer, sites like the Cathedral are home to sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel that come here for the shelter of the forests of algae before their journey to New Zealand.

Chile’s Easter Island, located in the southeastern waters of the Pacific Ocean, is also full of life. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Easter Island’s transparent waters offer views of a brilliant seascape, with vertical walls starting at shallow depths and a plethora of precious cold-water jewels like colorful corals, yellow butterflyfish and green sea turtles.

From playful sea lions to hard-to-spot octopuses, the waters off the Chilean coast are a diver’s dream.

DON'T-MISS DIVES
THE MOTUS, EASTER ISLAND (RAPA NUI) This volcanic island is full of lava-shaped passes and corals. A 10-minute boat ride to the three lava islets that surface from the sea, also known as the Motus, delivers divers to lobsters, rockfish, tuna, barracuda and even the occassional Galapagos shark.

MÁS AFUERA
Known as a local favorite just off the coast of La Serena, divers can glide along a large rock formation painted with red anemones and fish that feed on the nutrient-rich current. Other critters include yellow and pink sponges, housing tiny govies and nudibranchs.

TIC-TOC BAY
Located at the south of Chiloé, this bay was recently declared a marine protected area for its abundance of red sea urchins, crabs, kelp forests and sea lions. In summer, the area is of particular interest to scientists searching for blue whales.

DIVERS DAY OFF:
THERMAL BATHS
While on land, get pampered at places like Puyuhuapi and Chillán — some of the most well-known hot springs surrounded by native wildlife.

ON THE TABLE
When it comes to Chilean cuisine, tuna is the way to go. From fried empanadas to just-out-of-the-ocean ceviche, meals here center on this fresh fish.

EASTER ISLAND
The area may be known for its iconic Ahu and Moai statues, but respect is key. Visitors are allowed to look but not touch.

AT THE BEACH
Head to Easter Island's Anakena beach for a swim, then dive or walk (2.2 miles) to the pink sands of Ovahe Beach. Clear, unlit skis make it a perfect spot for star-gazing.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the octopus as a master of disguise?

answer: A particular type of octopus, the mimic octopus, uses the power of camouflage to disguise itself amongst the sea anemones. It lives off the coast of a small Chilean town called Puerto Montt. It does this not only to make itself less seen to predators, but also, less seen to potential prey.

text: The answer can mention that the mimic octopus can look like a rock or sea anemones.

refinement: A particular type of octopus, the mimic octopus, uses the power of camouflage to disguise itself amongst the sea anemones. It lives off the coast of a small Chilean town called Puerto Montt. It does this not only to make itself less seen to predators, but also, less seen to potential prey. The text mentions that it can look like sea anemones or rocks.

text: The commas before and after "but also" are unnecessary. The third sentence can be phrased better by removing "less seen" in addition to the commas.

refinement: A particular type of octopus, the mimic octopus, uses the power of camouflage to disguise itself amongst the sea anemones. It lives off the coast of a small Chilean town called Puerto Montt. It does this not only to make itself less seen to predators but also to potential prey. The text mentions that it can look like sea anemones or rocks.

answer: The text describes the octopus as a creature skilled at camouflage.

text: The answer can mention that the mimic octopus can look like a rock or sea anemones.

refinement: The text describes the octopus as a creature skilled at camouflage. The text mentions that it can look like sea anemones or rocks.

text: The answer omits where mimic octopi live.

refinement: The text describes the octopus as a creature skilled at camouflage. The text mentions that it can look like sea anemones or rocks. One place they live is off the coast of Puerto Montt, a southern Chilean town.

answer: An octopus is described to be a master of disguise, that it relies on for protection. It often has a hard time spotting one. Although, it intends to escape detection, the octopus is naturally shaped, colored, and detailed enough that it blends in beautifully to its surroundings, offering an easiness to find and spot without a very keen eye. In fact, it has a lot of trouble breaking its disguise to swim away quickly.

text: The text refers to mimic octopuses specifically, not octopuses in general.

refinement: A mimic octopus is described to be a master of disguise, that it relies on for protection. It often has a hard time spotting one. Although, it intends to escape detection, the octopus is naturally shaped, colored, and detailed enough that it blends in beautifully to its surroundings, offering an easiness to find and spot without a very keen eye. In fact, it has a lot of trouble breaking its disguise to swim away quickly.

text: "It often has a hard time spotting one." This sentence is confusing and unwarranted. It should be removed.

refinement: A mimic octopus is described to be a master of disguise, that it relies on for protection. Although, it intends to escape detection, the octopus is naturally shaped, colored, and detailed enough that it blends in beautifully to its surroundings, offering an easiness to find and spot without a very keen eye. In fact, it has a lot of trouble breaking its disguise to swim away quickly.

text: The following sentence contradicts itself: "Although, it intends to escape detection, the octopus is naturally shaped, colored, and detailed enough that it blends in beautifully to its surroundings, offering an easiness to find and spot without a very keen eye." It can be replaced with what mimic octopuses can look like.

refinement: A mimic octopus is described to be a master of disguise, that it relies on for protection. It's difficult to spot among sea anemones or rocks. In fact, it has a lot of trouble breaking its disguise to swim away quickly.

text: The following sentence doesn't come from the text, and it should be removed: "In fact, it has a lot of trouble breaking its disguise to swim away quickly."

refinement: A mimic octopus is described to be a master of disguise, that it relies on for protection. It's difficult to spot among sea anemones or rocks.

answer: The text states that the octopus is a master of disguise due to its ability to camouflage itself in its surroundings.

answer: The octopus hides by blending into its surroundings. It probably uses at least some form of camouflage to blend in markings. But it may not only rely on disguising itself, it may have a way of covering its scent or using sensory deprivation both to veil itself while hunting, and to hunt of its own volition. It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices.

text: The text doesn't mention octopuses in general. It only mentions mimic octopuses.

refinement: The mimic octopus hides by blending into its surroundings. It probably uses at least some form of camouflage to blend in markings. But it may not only rely on disguising itself, it may have a way of covering its scent or using sensory deprivation both to veil itself while hunting, and to hunt of its own volition. It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices.

text: The text directly says the mimic octopus is capable of camouflage. There's no need to say "probably" or "at least". The "markings" at the end of "...blend in markings" isn't necessary as well.

refinement: The mimic octopus hides by blending into its surroundings. It uses some form of camouflage to blend in. But it may not only rely on disguising itself, it may have a way of covering its scent or using sensory deprivation both to veil itself while hunting, and to hunt of its own volition. It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices.

text: The first two sentences say the same thing. Either one of them should be removed, or they should be combined.

refinement: The mimic octopus hides by blending into its surroundings with its camouflage. But it may not only rely on disguising itself, it may have a way of covering its scent or using sensory deprivation both to veil itself while hunting, and to hunt of its own volition. It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices.

text: Additional ways of hiding apart from camouflage aren't mentioned in the text. The answer makes up information. The following sentence is thus inaccurate and should be removed: "But it may not only rely on disguising itself, it may have a way of covering its scent or using sensory deprivation both to veil itself while hunting, and to hunt of its own volition."

refinement: The mimic octopus hides by blending into its surroundings with its camouflage. It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices.

text: "It will blend into the background, it may stick to a certain color pattern, and it hides in small crevices." This sentence is phrased awkwardly. It should be re-worded to state what kind of things the mimic octopus can look like.

refinement: The mimic octopus hides by blending into its surroundings with its camouflage. It will blend into the background, looking like sea anemones or rocks.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the role of marine life in Chile.

answer: The waters around Chile are a rich habitat for marine life because of the Humboldt Current, which brings nutrients and oxygen. A wide variety of marine creatures call these waters home, from playful sea lions to tricky octopuses. They play a significant role in Chilean marine life.

text: Instead of saying "they play a significant role in Chilean marine life." the answer should mention some of the sea creatures found in Chile. Summer-time paragraph offers good information on that.

refinement: The waters around Chile are a rich habitat for marine life because of the Humboldt Current, which brings nutrients and oxygen. A wide variety of marine creatures call these waters home, from playful sea lions to tricky octopuses. During the summer, congregations of jellyfish, schools of mackerel, and sea lions take shelter among the algae.

text: The answer can mention that Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

refinement: The waters around Chile are a rich habitat for marine life because of the Humboldt Current, which brings nutrients and oxygen. A wide variety of marine creatures call these waters home, from playful sea lions to tricky octopuses. During the summer, congregations of jellyfish, schools of mackerel, and sea lions take shelter among the algae. Easter Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is full of life.

text: The answer must mention the importance of marine life in the big picture. The text mentions the importance of diving and sea exploration in addition to tourist attractions.

refinement: The waters around Chile are a rich habitat for marine life because of the Humboldt Current, which brings nutrients and oxygen. A wide variety of marine creatures call these waters home, from playful sea lions to tricky octopuses. During the summer, congregations of jellyfish, schools of mackerel, and sea lions take shelter among the algae. Easter Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is full of life. The area is a diver's dream in addition to being a great tourist destination. It also offers scientists great sites to explore.

answer: The country, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the currents that flow off in a north-south direction. The currents leave a trail of sea life behind them wherever they go, especially during the summer. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel are among sea life near isolated shores. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral.

text: "The country, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the currents that flow off in a north-south direction." This sentence is confusing and inaccurate. It should be re-written to mention the Humboldt Current and its role in Chilean marine life.

refinement: The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the Chilean sea. The currents leave a trail of sea life behind them wherever they go, especially during the summer. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel are among sea life near isolated shores. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral.

text: "The currents leave a trail of sea life behind them wherever they go, especially during the summer." This sentence is made up. It should be removed.

refinement: The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the Chilean sea. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel are among sea life near isolated shores. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral.

text: The following sentence is phrased awkwardly: "Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel are among sea life near isolated shores." The sentence also contains a minor inaccuracy in calling the shores isolated. It should be re-worded for clarity.

refinement: The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the Chilean sea. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel among the forests of algae. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral.

text: The answer can mention that Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

refinement: The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the Chilean sea. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel among the forests of algae. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral. Easter Island of Chile is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: The answer must mention the importance of marine life in the big picture. The text mentions the importance of diving and sea exploration in addition to tourist attractions.

refinement: The Humboldt Current, rich in oxygen and nutrients, attracts marine life to the Chilean sea. Chilean waters house sea lions, congregations of jellyfish, and schools of mackerel among the forests of algae. The place is a haven for sea creatures, bringing forth critters like sea turtles and coral. Easter Island of Chile is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area is a diver's dream in addition to being a great tourist destination. It also offers scientists great sites to explore.

answer: The area off Chile's southern town of Puerto Montt is home to mimic octopuses and Risso dolphins. The Humbolt Current system is one of the major upwelling systems in the ocean, attracting I abundance of marine life to its waters. The areas that surround the current attract sea lions, schools of mackerel, and sea turtles. Chile's easter island, too, is full of life and a clear, dazzling seascape, with beautiful corals, yellow butterflyfish and green sea turtles.

text: "attracting I abundance" should be "attracting an abundance". Easter Island's initial letters should be capitalized.

refinement: The area off Chile's southern town of Puerto Montt is home to mimic octopuses and Risso dolphins. The Humbolt Current system is one of the major upwelling systems in the ocean, attracting an abundance of marine life to its waters. The areas that surround the current attract sea lions, schools of mackerel, and sea turtles. Chile's Easter Island, too, is full of life and a clear, dazzling seascape, with beautiful corals, yellow butterflyfish and green sea turtles.

text: The answer must mention the importance of marine life in the big picture. The text mentions the importance of diving and sea exploration in addition to tourist attractions.

refinement: The area off Chile's southern town of Puerto Montt is home to mimic octopuses and Risso dolphins. The Humbolt Current system is one of the major upwelling systems in the ocean, attracting an abundance of marine life to its waters. The areas that surround the current attract sea lions, schools of mackerel, and sea turtles. Chile's Easter Island, too, is full of life and a clear, dazzling seascape, with beautiful corals, yellow butterflyfish and green sea turtles. The area is a diver's dream in addition to being a great tourist destination. It also offers scientists great sites to explore.

answer: Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, in which they flourish and die in a cycle of life in which all components play a necessary role. There are octopuses, sea anemones, coral reefs, jellyfish, and schools of fish. There are also dolphins and sea turtles. Many different kinds of fish line the coast and extend farther out into the depths of the ocean.

text: The following sentence is much ado about nothing: "Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, in which they flourish and die in a cycle of life in which all components play a necessary role." It should instead describe the sea ecosystem, the Humboldt Current, etc.

refinement: Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, the Humboldt Current carrying oxygen and nutrients. There are octopuses, sea anemones, coral reefs, jellyfish, and schools of fish. There are also dolphins and sea turtles. Many different kinds of fish line the coast and extend farther out into the depths of the ocean.

text: "Many different kinds of fish line the coast and extend farther out into the depths of the ocean." This sentence should be removed because it's redundant.

refinement: Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, the Humboldt Current carrying oxygen and nutrients. There are octopuses, sea anemones, coral reefs, jellyfish, and schools of fish. There are also dolphins and sea turtles.

text: The answer can mention Easter Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

refinement: Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, the Humboldt Current carrying oxygen and nutrients. There are octopuses, sea anemones, coral reefs, jellyfish, and schools of fish. There are also dolphins and sea turtles. Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: The answer must mention the importance of marine life in the big picture. The text mentions the importance of diving and sea exploration in addition to tourist attractions.

refinement: Marine life creatures off the coast of Chile have their own ecosystem, the Humboldt Current carrying oxygen and nutrients. There are octopuses, sea anemones, coral reefs, jellyfish, and schools of fish. There are also dolphins and sea turtles. Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area is a diver's dream in addition to being a great tourist destination. It also offers scientists great sites to explore.

answer: The waters off the Chilean coast attract an abundance of marine life due to the rich Humboldt Current flowing into its waters. This marine life ranges from playful sea lions to difficult-to-spot octopuses and creates a divers' dream. The seas attract fish as well as other marine critters, making Chile an ideal destination for underwater exploration.


text:
_Big Data—the new thing that sees some companies leapfrog to success is a revolutionary technological trend that always manages to find its case.._

Until now, the massive torrent of data flooding the virtual space probably excited just a few data geeks. However, now we find ourselves at an inflection point. In the competitive scenario, the DELUGE OF BIG DATA that is stored and mined for insights is fast making a positive impact (and becoming economically relevant) on government operations, businesses and consumers alike.

_BIG DATA AND ITS ROLE IN TODAY’S ECONOMY_

In the ever-expanding global economy that we are a part of today, data is being woven into every function and sector. Like human capital, hard assets, and all other crucial factors of production, a greater percentage of modern economic activity fails to take place without the same.

When it comes to real time usage, BIG DATA—HUGE DATA POOLS that are capable of being brought together for analysis, discerning patterns, and making better decisions—is all set to become the basis of growth and competition for individual firms. It enhances productivity and creates significant value for the overall economy by INCREASING THE QUALITY OF SERVICES AND PRODUCTS, along with bringing about reductions in waste (also consider checking out this perfect parcel of information for data science degree).

The current trends of IT innovation and investment, along with their impact on profitability and competitiveness with regards to the adoption of Big Data technology, are leading to complementary management innovations and advanced analytic capabilities for large and small sized businesses. In the present scenario, all companies have to understand the worth of BIG DATA’S POTENTIAL and create serious value, especially if they wish to compete. For instance, certain retailers using Big Data are looking forward to increasing their operating margins by over 60 per cent!

_BIG DATA: CREATOR OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE_

Big Data is fast becoming a crucial means for all leading companies desirous of outperforming their peers. In most industry verticals, new entrants and established COMPETITORS ARE LEVERAGING DATA-DRIVEN STRATEGIES for innovating, competing and capturing value. While early adopters are using data for placing them ahead in the race, others are concentrating on the design of their future products and new service offerings.

Big Data is fueling better growth opportunities and aiding those companies that are aggregating and analyzing varied industry data. Many of these companies are now sitting on large information flows where datasets about suppliers, products, intent and consumer preferences are being easily captured and analyzed. This is the reason why forward-thinking leaders in all sectors should look towards building their BIG DATA CAPABILITIES, and in aggressive ways.

Along with leveraging the sheer volumes of Big Data, businesses need to consider its real-time, high-frequency nature too. Given below are some broadly applicable means of exploiting Big Data for gaining that much needed competitive advantage.

_BIG DATA UNLOCKS ESSENTIAL VALUE VIA TRANSPARENT INFORMATION_

In spite of the heavy influx of digitization, there remains a significant amount of reliable information that remains to be captured; for instance, data present on paper, in non-accessible physical places, and that which is incapable of being searched through networks. As per findings, knowledge workgroups involved in such data search and transfer are losing out on 25 percent of their efforts due to significant sources of inefficiency.

_ALLOWS FOR MORE DETAILED AND ACCURATE INFORMATION_

With organizations creating and storing their DATA IN RELIABLE DIGITIZED FORMS, more accurate and comprehensive performance information, on just about everything, is now exposing variability options and boosting overall performance levels. In fact, certain leading companies are collecting and analyzing Big Data for conducting controlled experiments and making better management decisions too.

_SOPHISTICATED ANALYTICS FOR IMPROVED DECISION MAKING_

Big Data allows valuable customers with direct access to more precisely tailored services or products. This in turn paves the ground for sophisticated analytics that substantially improves upon the process of decision-making, minimizes risks, and helps in unearthing valuable insights which would otherwise remain concealed.

_BIG DATA IS USEFUL FOR DEVELOPING NEXT-GENERATION PRODUCTS AND SERVICES_

All in all, the value generated by Big Data application cannot be debated (also consider checking out this career guide for data science jobs). For instance, manufacturers are adding value to the data obtained from the embedded sensors in products, especially for creating innovative after-sales services such as essential and proactive maintenance features for avoiding failures in their new products. Likewise, along with boosting the collection of their tax revenues, government authorities are relying on advanced analytic tools for reducing fraud and compliance errors.

_BIG DATA: SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE_

It’s not only companies and organizations that are LEVERAGING THE VALUE CREATED BY BIG DATA. Consumers are capable of reaping significantly high benefits too. For example, users of services provided by personal-location data are capturing over $600 Billion in the form of consumer surplus!

As long as governments and companies understand the potential of Big Data with regards to delivering higher productivity and better value for consumers, they can participate in this next growth wave linked to global economy. By taking some firmer steps towards successful Big Data implementation, they will be able to unleash higher efficiency levels for enabling better services, improvised management of constrained fiscal times, incorporation of  a higher productivity quotient, and of course, brand new levels of competitiveness.

Go for it!

Click Here for Big Data Course

question: What is the positive development in data flooding?

answer: It is making a positive impact and having economic relevance on government, business, and consumer operations.

text: "is fast making a positive impact on government operations, businesses and consumers alike" is evidence it is making positive developments.

answer:
The DIGITAL ECONOMY
In economy today, data is being woven into every function and sector and this will play an important role to unlocking global potential.

text: It is omitted the direct impact of data flooding.

refinement: Data flooding in the digital economy is fast making a positive impact (and becoming economically relevant) on government operations, businesses and consumers alike.

answer: Data is being woven into every function and sector.

text: The positive developments is omitted

refinement: Data is being woven into every function and sector and is fast making a positive impact (and becoming economically relevant) on government operations, businesses and consumers alike.

text: "In the ever-expanding global economy that we are a part of today, data is being woven into every function and sector" is evidence that data is woven into every function and sector.

question: How is big data becoming more relevant?

answer: It is becoming more relevant with the use of it by different companies.

text: It is omitted that it is being used also by government operations and consumers.

refinement: It is becoming more relevant with the use of it by different companies, government operations and consumers.

answer: It is being woven into every functioning sector of our economy.

text: "data is being woven into every function and sector" is evidence that big data is being woven into every sector.

answer: It is growing in both quantity and usefulness

text: It omits to mention that government operations, businesses and consumers alike are making use of it, adding to relevancy.

refinement: It is growing in both quantity and usefulness and being used by government operations, businesses and consumers alike.

question: What practical developments do IT innovation bring?

answer: The practical developments in IT innovation comes with its impact on both profitability and competitiveness of companies with regards to adoption of Big Data technology. It looks to increase productivity and create significant value for the overall economy. The only way companies can compete is by using a Big Data strategy for innovation.

text: "The current trends of IT innovation and investment, along with their impact on profitability and competitiveness with regards to the adoption of Big Data technology, are leading to complementary management innovations and advanced analytic capabilities for large and small sized businesses" is evidence of what IT innovations bring.

answer: They have an impact on profitability and competitiveness and lead to complementary management innovations and analytic capabilities for big and small companies.

text: "The current trends of IT innovation and investment, along with their impact on profitability and competitiveness with regards to the adoption of Big Data technology, are leading to complementary management innovations and advanced analytic capabilities for large and small sized businesses" is evidence that IT innovations brings profitability and competitiveness.

answer: Practical developments with IT innovation allow for better investigation, more accurate information, sophisticated analytics for improved decision-making, and Big Data being used for developing next-generation products and services.

text: There is no evidence that IT innovations allows for better investigation.

refinement: he current trends of IT innovation and investment, along with their impact on profitability and competitiveness with regards to the adoption of Big Data technology, are leading to complementary management innovations and advanced analytic capabilities for large and small sized businesses.

question: What is the competitive advantage for big data users?

answer: The competitive advantage for big data users is that they can beat their competitors in terms of operating margins and be the leading choice for innovations and better sales.

text: "For instance, certain retailers using Big Data are looking forward to increasing their operating margins by over 60 per cent" is evidence that operating margins can be a competitive advantage.

answer: Data-driven strategies are used as critical leverage for varying competitors.

text: Answer doesn't fully address the question, however it is a true statement.

refinement: The competitive advantages are Data-driven strategies, used as critical leverage for varying competitors.

text: "COMPETITORS ARE LEVERAGING DATA-DRIVEN STRATEGIES for innovating, competing and capturing value" is evidence that data-driven strategies is a competitive advantage

answer: In spite of the heavy influx of digitization, there remains a significant amount of reliable information that remains to be captured; for instance, data present on paper, in non-accessible physical places, and that which is incapable of being searched through networks. With organizations creating and storing their data in reliable digitized forms, more accurate and comprehensive performance information, on just about everything, is now exposing variability options and boosting overall performance levels. In addition, businesses need to consider the inherent unreliability of their data models. As we increasingly focus on the speed and quality of data, a surge in demand will take place and may eventually overtake the supply of existing data.

text: The answer describes the value of big data, not the competitive advantage.

refinement: Big Data is fueling better growth opportunities and aiding those companies that are aggregating and analyzing varied industry data. Many of these companies are now sitting on large information flows where datasets about suppliers, products, intent and consumer preferences are being easily captured and analyzed. This is the reason why forward-thinking leaders in all sectors should look towards building their BIG DATA CAPABILITIES, and in aggressive ways.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Big data, the new technological trend that sees some companies leapfrog to success is covered, along with the various indicators of early adoption and important readouts. While the article attends to various requests (e.g. cost), the point is that organizations of any size and kind should utilize big data to be better situated in the current economic paradigm.

text: The article doesn't really attend to costs or other requests.

refinement: Big data, the new technological trend that sees some companies leapfrog to success is covered, along with the various indicators of early adoption and important readouts. The point is that organizations of any size and kind should utilize big data to be better situated in the current economic paradigm.

text: "the new thing that sees some companies leapfrog to success is a revolutionary technological trend that always manages to find its case" is evidence of a good summary.

answer: Big data is an up and coming technology which is invaluable in numbers and could potentially make all positive difference in the years to come. This article lists a variety of ways in which big data can be used and suggests that companies should be invested in these technologies for the future.

text: The answer suggests that big data is "up and coming" and "could potentially make positive differences", however big data is already used and has proven to be positive.

refinement: Big data is a technology which is invaluable in numbers and is already making positive differences. This article lists a variety of ways in which big data can be used and suggests that companies should be invested in these technologies for the future.

answer: Big Data is a new and exciting way to use data that is quickly becoming an integral part of the global economy. While the new technology is not only beneficial to companies and governments, it is also advantageous to consumers.

text: "BIG DATA that is stored and mined for insights is fast making a positive impact (and becoming economically relevant) on government operations, businesses and consumers alike" is evidence of the advantages to companies, governments and consumers.

answer: There was a time that the influx of large amounts of data was only exciting to a few, but now it has practical and economic impact on almost every sector of modern life. The use of big data has allowed businesses big and small to work out varying leverages for themselves in a competitive marketplace, and IT developments are leading to management and analytic innovation which expands the capabilities of all companies large and small.

text: It omits to mention that besides big and small businesses, big data is also valuable to governments and consumers.

refinement: There was a time that the influx of large amounts of data was only exciting to a few, but now it has practical and economic impact on almost every sector of modern life. The use of big data has allowed businesses big and small to work out varying leverages for themselves in a competitive marketplace, and IT developments are leading to management and analytic innovation which expands the capabilities of not only companies, but also governments and consumers.

text: "Until now, the massive torrent of data flooding the virtual space probably excited just a few data geeks. However, now we find ourselves at an inflection point. In the competitive scenario, the DELUGE OF BIG DATA that is stored and mined for insights is fast making a positive impact (and becoming economically relevant) on government operations, businesses and consumers alike" is evidence that big data was at first, only exciting to a few.

answer: This article describes the impact of big data on an economy (creating economic value, forming the base for growth for individual firms) and describes the ways in which big data does this. The main take away is that big data always finds it's use.

text: It omits stating that the growth can be also for governments and consumers (besides individual firms).

refinement: This article describes the impact of big data on an economy (creating economic value, forming the base for growth for individual firms, governments and consumers) and describes the ways in which big data does this. The main take away is that big data always finds its use.

answer: Today's economy, the massive torrent of data flooding the virtual space is fast making a positive impact on government operations, businesses, and consumers alike. There are many useful ways to exploit this technology, and it also helps consumers.

text: Mentioning the advantages to consumers is redundant in the answer, however truthful.

refinement: Today's economy, the massive torrent of data flooding the virtual space is fast making a positive impact on government operations, businesses, and consumers alike. There are many useful ways to exploit this technology.