text:
_EL LEÓN_ (Spanish for _The Lion_) is the seventh studio album by the Argentine ska and reggae band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. Released in 1992, the album combines multiple genres and incorporates Caribbean rhythms as well as salsa, calypso and reggae influences. It is a notable album in the history of Argentine rock. In 2007, the Argentine edition of _Rolling Stone_ ranked it 21 on its list of “The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock”.[1]

“Carnaval Toda La Vida” and “Gitana” are carnival hymns, while “Manuel Santillán, El León” is discernibly a ska track, “Siguiendo La Luna” is a ballad, and “El Aguijón” and “Crucero del Amor” contain aspects of reggae and salsa. Many songs from the album were released as singles, enjoying moderate to great success, such as “Desapariciones”, a cover of a song by Panamanian songwriter Rubén Blades. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.[2]

Reception

The Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia awarded the album 2.5 stars, stating, “El León is a transitional album. Throughout the album, it's clear the Fabulosos Cadillacs are slowly developing their fusion of rock, reggae, and Latin music ... A cover of Ruben Blades' 'Desapariciones', a song about the victims of Argentina's military dictatorship, is the album's most powerful number. The title cut (done in two versions: reggae and salsa) depicts an urban hell in vivid terms.”[3]

Track listing

1.  “Carnaval Toda La Vida” (_Lifelong Carnival_) (Vicentico) – 6:03
2.  “Manuel Santillán, El León” (Reggae) (_Manuel Santillan, The Lion_) (Flavio Cianciarulo) – 3:57
3.  “Gitana” (_Gypsy_) (Cianciarulo) – 3:12
4.  “Siguiendo La Luna” (_Following the Moon_) (Sergio Rotman) – 4:57
5.  “Gallo Rojo” (_Red Rooster_) (Vicentico) – 4:27
6.  “El Crucero del Amor” (_The Cruiser of Love_) (Cianciarulo, Rotman) – 4:23
7.  “Destino de Paria” (_Destiny of Pariah_) (Vicentico) – 5:01
8.  “Arde Buenos Aires” (_Buenos Aires is Burning_) (Cianciarulo) – 3:14
9.  “Desapariciones” (_Disappearances_) (Rubén Blades) – 5:35
10. “Venganza” (_Revenge_) (Cianciarulo) – 5:10
11. “Cartas, Flores y un Puñal” (_Letters, Flowers and a Knife_) (Cianciarulo) – 2:16
12. “El Aguijón” (_The Sting_) (Vicentico) – 4:51
13. “Soledad” (_Loneliness_) (Cianciarulo) – 3:00
14. “Manuel Santillán, El León” (Salsa) (Cianciarulo) – 3:23
15. “Ríos de Lágrimas” (_River of Tears_) (Rotman) – 2:54

Contributing Artists

-   Vicentico – vocals
-   Flavio Cianciarulo – bass
-   Anibal Rigozzi – guitar
-   Mario Siperman – keyboard
-   Fernando Ricciardi – drums
-   Toto Roblat – percussion
-   Fernando Albareda – trombone
-   Sergio Rotman – alto saxophone
-   Daniel Lozano – trumpet & flugelhorn

[1]

[2] [http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Los+fabulosos+cadillacs&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP Certification]

[3] Valdivia, V. Allmusic Review accessed January 22, 2011

title: El León (album)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the artists involved with the production of the album El León.

answer: There were a variety of different artists involved in the production of El León, including: Vicentico, Flavio Cianciarulo, Anibal Rigozzi, Mario Siperman, Fernando Ricciardi, Toto Roblat, Fernando Albareda, Sergio Rotman, and Daniel Lozano. They contributed vocals, bass, guitar, keyboard, drums, percussion, and alto saxophone, respectively.

text: Answer omits the trumpet and flugelhorn, which was contributed by Daniel Lozano.

refinement: There were a variety of different artists involved in the production of El León, including: Vicentico, Flavio Cianciarulo, Anibal Rigozzi, Mario Siperman, Fernando Ricciardi, Toto Roblat, Fernando Albareda, Sergio Rotman, and Daniel Lozano. They contributed vocals, bass, guitar, keyboard, drums, percussion, alto saxophone, and trumpet & flugelhorn, respectively.

answer: The album El León is the seventh studio album of Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. Some of the artists involved include Vicentico as a vocalist, Flavio Cianciarulo on bass, Anibal Rigozzi on guitar, Mario Siperman on keyboard, and Fernando Ricciardi on drums. Other musicians include Toto Roblat on percussion, Fernando Albareda on trombone, Sergio Rotman on alto saxophone, and Daniel Lozano on trumpet and flugelhorn.

text: The first sentence, describing the album, is unnecessary and doesn't answer the question.

refinement: Some of the artists involved include Vicentico as a vocalist, Flavio Cianciarulo on bass, Anibal Rigozzi on guitar, Mario Siperman on keyboard, and Fernando Ricciardi on drums. Other musicians include Toto Roblat on percussion, Fernando Albareda on trombone, Sergio Rotman on alto saxophone, and Daniel Lozano on trumpet and flugelhorn.

category_text: Additional information included which is not relevant to the question

answer: The album El León was produced by the Argentine ska and reggae band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. The album was overseen by lead vocalist Vicentico, along with bassist Flavio Cianciarulo, guitarist Anibal Rigozzi, keyboardist Mario Siperman, drummer Fernando Ricciardi and percussionist Toto Roblat. Alto saxophonist Sergio Rotman, trumpet and flugelhorn player Daniel Lozano also contributed to the album.

answer: The Argentine ska band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs's most notable songs are 'Carnaval Toda La Vida' and  'Gitana'. The album was released in 1992 and is said to be good. Rubén Blades's song 'Desapariciones', a cover that Los Fabulosos cover from his Spanish-language song, also gains good recognition.

text: This answer is entirely irrelevant to the question and doesn't mention or summarize the artists involved in the album's production.

refinement: For Los Fabuloso Cadillac's album, El Leon, some of the artists involved include Vicentico as a vocalist, Flavio Cianciarulo on bass, Anibal Rigozzi on guitar, Mario Siperman on keyboard, and Fernando Ricciardi on drums. Other musicians include Toto Roblat on percussion, Fernando Albareda on trombone, Sergio Rotman on alto saxophone, and Daniel Lozano on trumpet and flugelhorn.

answer: Many artists are involved with the production of El León, such as Anibal Rigozzi, Englebert Gabu, and Sergio Rotman.

text: The answer, while accurate, is incomplete in including the range of artists involved in the album.

refinement: Many artists are involved with the production of El León, including Vicentico as a vocalist, Flavio Cianciarulo on bass, Anibal Rigozzi on guitar, Mario Siperman on keyboard, and Fernando Ricciardi on drums. Other musicians include Toto Roblat on percussion, Fernando Albareda on trombone, Sergio Rotman on alto saxophone, and Daniel Lozano on trumpet and flugelhorn.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the reception of the album El León.

answer: The album El León received mixed critical reviews. Some reviewers praised its multiple genres and unique fusion of genres while others criticized its lack of focus. Overall, the album is generally seen as an important album in Argentine rock.

text: It is not clear that the album received mixed reviews; only one review, which does offer mixed feedback, is cited in the 'Reception' section. It's not clear that the reviewer is praising the multiple genres, and the lack of focus is not mentioned at all in the passage.

refinement: The album El León received a mixed critical review from Allmusic, where the fusion of multiple genres was noted and their cover of 'Desapariciones' was praised. Overall, the album is generally seen as an important album in Argentine rock.

text: The answer omits some of the implied positive reception in terms of sales that the passage mentions.

refinement: The album El León received a mixed critical review from Allmusic, where the fusion of multiple genres was noted and their cover of 'Desapariciones' was praised. Overall, the album is generally seen as an important album in Argentine rock and sold well, being certified Platinum. Many songs also enjoyed moderate to great success as singles.

answer: Rolling Stone rated it 21 on "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock", and the Allmusic review gave it 2.5/5 stars

text: Could include additional detail on the popular reception of the album.

refinement: Rolling Stone rated it 21 on "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock", and the Allmusic review gave it 2.5/5 stars. The album sold well, being certified Platinum, and many songs also enjoyed moderate to great success as singles.

text: It is not obvious from the passage alone that the rating Allmusic rating was out of 5 stars.

refinement: Rolling Stone rated it 21 on "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock", and the Allmusic review gave it 2.5 stars. The album sold well, being certified Platinum, and many songs also enjoyed moderate to great success as singles.

answer: El León received mixed reviews. Some claim it is a transitional album, with plenty of experimentation in combining genres such as ska, reggae, and salsa. Others describe it as having weak production and unmemorable melodies. The album did achieve Platinum certification though, giving it some merit despite the mixed reviews.

text: Only one review is quoted in the passage, so it would be inaccurate to say it received mixed reviews or suggesting multiple points of view on the album. 'Weak production and unmemorable melodies' are not mentioned anywhere in the one review or in the rest of the passage.

refinement: El León received a mixed review from Allmusic, which described it as a transitional album, with plenty of experimentation in combining genres such as ska, reggae, and salsa. The album did achieve Platinum certification though.

text: Some of the album's reception, including being ranked by the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone, are not included in the answer.

refinement: El León received a mixed review from Allmusic, which described it as a transitional album, with plenty of experimentation in combining genres such as ska, reggae, and salsa. The album did achieve Platinum certification and many singles enjoyed moderate to great success. It was ranked 21 on the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone's list of 'The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock'.

answer:
The album was released in 1992 and was at the time, a notable one in the history of Argentine rock.
In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked it 21 on its list of “The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock.” It is said to be a transitional album throughout, slowly developing the fusion of rock, reggae, and Latin music. As shown in an Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia, “El León” is a transitional album from the band.

text: Elements of this response are not relevant to answering this question.

refinement: In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked it 21 on its list of “The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock.” It is said to be a transitional album throughout, slowly developing the fusion of rock, reggae, and Latin music. As shown in an Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia, “El León” is a transitional album from the band.

category_text: Some information is irrelevant to the answer, even if it is accurate.

text: The last two sentences are repetitive and could be condensed into one.

refinement: In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked it 21 on its list of “The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock.” In an Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia, “El León” is described as a transitional album throughout, slowly developing the fusion of rock, reggae, and Latin music.

text: Incomplete detail of the reception, including sales and the rating given by Allmusic.

refinement: In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked it 21 on its list of “The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock.” In an Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia, where he awarded the album 2.5 stars, “El León” is described as a transitional album throughout, slowly developing the fusion of rock, reggae, and Latin music. It was certified Platinum and the singles enjoyed moderate to great success.

answer: The album El León was released in 1992 by the band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. According to Victor W. Valdivia the album scored 2.5 stars out of 5. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is still developing. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.

text: The first line is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: According to Victor W. Valdivia the album scored 2.5 stars out of 5. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is still developing. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.

text: Victor W. Valdivia's critique is not so much that the band is 'still developing' but rather they are developing their new fusion sound in the album.

refinement: According to Victor W. Valdivia the album scored 2.5 stars out of 5. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is developing their fusion of rock, reggae and Latin music. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.

text: From the passage alone, it is not clear that the score Valdivia gave is out of 5.

refinement: According to Victor W. Valdivia the album scored 2.5 stars. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is developing their fusion of rock, reggae and Latin music. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.

text: It would be clearer to describe it as Valdivia giving a score of 2.5 stars, rather that the album 'scoring' 2.5 stars.

refinement: Victor W. Valdivia gave the album 2.5 stars. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is developing their fusion of rock, reggae and Latin music. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF.

text: Additional detail could have been included on the reception of the album.

refinement: Victor W. Valdivia gave the album 2.5 stars. He states that El León is a "transitional album" and that the band is developing their fusion of rock, reggae and Latin music. Despite this, El León was ranked 21st on Argentina's "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock" in 2007. The album was certified Platinum by CAPIF and the singles enjoyed moderated to great success.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the contents of the album El León.

answer: This album contains a total of 15 songs all with different genres. The songs that attracted a lot of attention from the crowd were "Desapariciones" and "El  León."

text: Not all the songs are of different genres; for instance, two songs, 'Carnaval Todo La Vida' and 'Gitana' are both carnival hymns.

refinement: This album contains a total of 15 songs of different genres. The songs that attracted a lot of attention from the crowd were "Desapariciones" and "El  León."

text: There is no song just called "El León" (albeit one called "Manuel Santillán, El León"), and the only song that is noted to have received particular attention is "Desapariciones"

refinement: This album contains a total of 15 songs of different genres. In particular, "Desapariciones" is noted to have received significant attention.

answer: The album El León was released by Argentine ska and reggae band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs in 1992. The album contains 15 songs, with lengths ranging from two minutes to six minutes. The album spans a wide range of genres, several of the songs are carnival hymns, one is a ballad, and several have influences of ska, reggae, and salsa.

text: The first sentence is not needed / not relevant to answering the question.

refinement: The album contains 15 songs, with lengths ranging from two minutes to six minutes. The album spans a wide range of genres, several of the songs are carnival hymns, one is a ballad, and several have influences of ska, reggae, and salsa.

answer: El León is the seventh studio album by Argentine ska and reggae band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. The album combines multiple genres and incorporates Caribbean rhythms as well as salsa, calypso and reggae influences. There are carnival hymns, ballads, ska, reggae, and salsa tracks on the album. Many songs were released as singles and were successful. The album earned a platinum certification. The contents of the album consist of a mixture of various genres and styles.

text: Some of the information is irrelevant to answering the question.

refinement: The album combines multiple genres and incorporates Caribbean rhythms as well as salsa, calypso and reggae influences. There are carnival hymns, ballads, ska, reggae, and salsa tracks on the album.  The contents of the album consist of a mixture of various genres and styles.

text: Repetition throughout much of the answer, which could be significantly condensed.

refinement: The album combines multiple genres and styles, and incorporates Caribbean rhythms as well as salsa, calypso and reggae influences. There are also carnival hymns, ballads and ska tracks on the album.

answer: El León is the seventh studio album by Argentine ska and reggae band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. The album blends multiple genres, incorporating Caribbean rhythms and influences such as salsa, calypso and reggae. The album features a diverse mix of songs including carnival hymns, a ballad, and ska, reggae and salsa tracks. Many tracks from the album were released as singles, including the powerful Rubén Blades song, "Desapariciones."

text: The first sentence is not needed / not relevant to the question.

refinement: The album blends multiple genres, incorporating Caribbean rhythms and influences such as salsa, calypso and reggae. The album features a diverse mix of songs including carnival hymns, a ballad, and ska, reggae and salsa tracks. Many tracks from the album were released as singles, including the powerful Rubén Blades song, "Desapariciones."

answer: It has 14 songs with an official running time of 54 minutes.

text: 15 tracks are listed.

refinement: It has 15 songs with an official running time of 54 minutes.

text: The details regarding the type of music in the album is non-existent.

refinement: It has 15 songs with an official running time of 54 minutes. The album blends multiple genres, incorporating Caribbean rhythms and influences such as salsa, calypso and reggae, and additionally includes carnival hymns, a ballad, and ska, reggae and salsa tracks.


split: train

text:
This story was based around the line 'Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer' taken from a poem called The Raven, by Edgar Allan Poe.

As I rode my grey stallion over the sweeping valleys surrounding my kingdom, I came across the morning sun. The penetrating rays shone over the misty lowlands, filling both the skies and the heavens with what seemed like everlasting light. This transcendent aurora beneath me had only just begun its solemn, yet necessary journey, as had I. The crisp chill gently scratched my cheeks, and my long, auburn hair billowed in the wind. In the distance, the outline of a bird could be seen, soaring high up against the clouds, looking for some unsuspecting prey to swoop down upon. I knew that there would be many victims today.

The reds and blues of the enemy were visible on the horizon; a thousand men were ready for battle. I looked back and saw my own army: a mismatch of the young and old, healthy and tired, scraped together in the vain hope of victory. Up until this point I was brave, I understood what I had to do as queen, and rose up to my position in this war. Yet now, I felt tired. The armour was heavy against my weary limbs, my sword too large to raise and my horse unable to carry me through the bloodshed. I collapsed against his tangled mane in anguish, feeling too weak and scared to continue.

I heard the faint sound of a horse's hooves approaching, before I realised that my chieftain was sitting next to me, with a look of worry upon his face. Without making a sound, he reached out, and gently rested his fingers upon my arm. I looked down in shock; it was most unusual, considered deranged even, for someone to talk to, let alone touch, royalty unannounced. Yet, just by looking at his expression, I understood what he was saying. As though I had been gifted by the gods above us, a feeling of strength surged through me. I felt fearless. My soul grew stronger, hesitating then no more. As he returned to his place in the battalion, not a single word having been said, I straightened my back, narrowed my eyes on the sea of arms in front of me, and lead my men into the dark abyss of the unknown.

The thunder of a thousand men running at each other, anticipating collision, rumbled in my ears as I flew down the hill. I watched as the enemy and I approached one another and each individual became clearer to see. One man, stout in shape but strongly built, lead his soldiers with a determined grin, from which a raging howl was emitted. I thought to myself, he probably lived quite a nice life. Maybe he had a family worriedly waiting for his return at home; small children who would never know their father. I did not falter once. The last I saw were the whites of his maddened eyes, before I placed my sword neatly in the centre of his chest.

For three hours we battled on, claiming back our land, inch by inch. Hundreds were dead, but all knew that the sacrifices made that day would be done for the rest of the people, and would not be in vain. The enemy slowly began to retreat, knowing that defeat would soon be upon them. Though we grew tired in our bodies, never did we become faint in our hearts. At last, victory was ours, and we rejoiced. Though looking around, I began to see the deformed and mutilated bodies, contorted into positions of agony before the life had fled from them. Fathers, brothers and uncles filled the grassland, their crimson blood saturating the moist ground. An eerie sadness gripped my stomach, and, fearing that I would become emotional, turned to go.

As I rode back in the direction I had come, I saw my chieftain once again, relieved that he had survived. A broad smile broke out across his face, before I felt something strike my back. Snap. My spine shattered, as the tip of an arrow pierced my skin and entered the flesh. Though it had flown through the air with great force, I just sat there, bewildered as to what had just happened. Surely someone had not dared kill me now? I turned to face my executioner, and saw, lying on the ground, a wounded soldier whom I had presumed dead. We locked eyes, before his became cloudy and his head limply dropped back to the ground. I sat in my saddle for a few seconds longer, before sliding from my seat and falling to the earth myself.

The hope of life quickly began to diminish, and I knew that I was to accept what was about to happen. I stared up into the dark, cloudy sky, and allowed my body to relax. My chieftain once again was at my side, filling my vision, clasping my hands in his. He was trying to say something to me, but I could not hear him. I concentrated on looking at the movements of his mute mouth, and smiled to myself. For the first time, I was not afraid. I embraced the numbness in my body, allowing the ground to hold me. As the light began to fade from my eyes, I thought of home, and knew that my people would be safe. The last thing I felt were the small droplets of rain hitting my face, before I slipped away from my world, and was gone forever.

title: [HF] My Soul Grew Stronger

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the narrator's death?

answer: As the narrator rode her horse back in the direction she had come, she felt a strike on her back, causing her to fall onto the ground. The executioner had evidently tried to kill her but all she could do was smile. For the first time ever, the narrator was not afraid and she let herself slip away from the world. She thought of her home and knew her people would be safe. This gave her comfort and allowed her to die in peace.

text: Smiling is a positive acceptance of her fate, not due to inability

refinement: As the narrator rode her horse back in the direction she had come, she felt a strike on her back, causing her to fall onto the ground. The executioner had evidently tried to kill her. Although she was about to die, she smiled to herself. For the first time ever, the narrator was not afraid and she let herself slip away from the world. She thought of her home and knew her people would be safe. This gave her comfort and allowed her to die in peace.

text: It was not an executioner but an enemy combatant who had not died

refinement: As the narrator rode her horse back in the direction she had come, she felt a strike on her back, causing her to fall onto the ground. A wounded soldier she had thought dead had shot her, fatally. Although she was about to die, she smiled to herself. For the first time ever, the narrator was not afraid and she let herself slip away from the world. She thought of her home and knew her people would be safe. This gave her comfort and allowed her to die in peace.

answer: The narrator's death is bittersweet. She is heroic in the way she walks fearlessly into battle, ready to do her duty as queen. Yet when she falls victim to an arrow wound, the outcome is inevitable. She embraces the moment of her death, refusing to succumb to feelings of fear, and moves past physical pain to an ethereal state.

text: This fact is not relevant to her death. Rather, it is that she had had victory which is relevant

refinement: The narrator's death is bittersweet. She has succeeded in routing the enemy, and has won the war. Yet when she falls victim to an arrow wound, the outcome is inevitable. She embraces the moment of her death, refusing to succumb to feelings of fear, and moves past physical pain to an ethereal state.

answer: At the front of the battle, the narrator sees a wounded soldier whom she initially assumed was dead, but they quickly buckle eyes before the soldier's eyes lose all focus and his head falls back to the ground. Relieved that she had survived, she rides back, but gets an arrow through her spine, and her spine shatters. She realizes someone dared kill her, and her body departs her world for good.

text: This sentence is not relevant to the subject and interpolates material from many places, such as when she is shot by the wounded soldier

refinement: Relieved that she had survived, she rides back, but gets an arrow through her spine, and her spine shatters. She realizes someone dared kill her, and her body departs her world for good.

text: This is not very good in terms of specificity. It was a wounded soldier whom she sees.

refinement: Relieved that she had survived, she rides back, but gets an arrow through her spine, and her spine shatters. She realizes a wounded soldier she thought dead has shot her fatally, and her body departs her world for good.

text: Something should be said about her emotions as this even occurs to be complete. Also her spirit, not her body, departs the world

refinement: Relieved that she had survived, she rides back, but gets an arrow through her spine, and her spine shatters. She realizes a wounded soldier she thought dead has shot her fatally, and her spirit departs her world for good. She feels at piece with her death, as her chieftain sits beside her. For once she is not afraid.

answer: The narrator feels sensations as her weapon pierces her enemy's chest, but she feels an unnatural weakness. The next thing she sees, she feels a pain in her back. She turns and sees that a soldier to which she assumed had perished, shot her, killing her. The moment her body went limp, the narrator accepted her death. Her second in command was by her side holding her hand as her sight faded.

text: Technically in the story he is called her "chieftain."

refinement: The narrator feels sensations as her weapon pierces her enemy's chest, but she feels an unnatural weakness. The next thing she sees, she feels a pain in her back. She turns and sees that a soldier to which she assumed had perished, shot her, killing her. The moment her body went limp, the narrator accepted her death. Her chieftain was by her side holding her hand as her sight faded.

text: whom she assumed has perished. Also a comma splice

refinement: The narrator feels sensations as her weapon pierces her enemy's chest, but she feels an unnatural weakness. The next thing she sees, she feels a pain in her back. She turns and sees that a soldier whom she assumed had perished shot her, killing her. The moment her body went limp, the narrator accepted her death. Her chieftain was by her side holding her hand as her sight faded.

text: It is more accurate to say she was riding back from battle triumphant

refinement: The narrator rides back from battle, after triumphantly defeating the enemies. The next thing she sees, she feels a pain in her back. She turns and sees that a soldier whom she assumed had perished shot her, killing her. The moment her body went limp, the narrator accepted her death. Her chieftain was by her side holding her hand as her sight faded.

answer: The story says that the narrator is killed by an arrow. Despite the overwhelming sadness and pain surrounding her death, she embraces it, having accepted her fate. She knows that her death will benefit her people and without a fight, she slips away from the world.

text: The summary should say she was killed after finishing the battle

refinement: The story says that the narrator is killed by an arrow, right after having been victorious in combat against her enemies. Despite the overwhelming sadness and pain surrounding her death, she embraces it, having accepted her fate. She knows that her death will benefit her people and without a fight, she slips away from the world.

text: It is not that her death will benefit her people. It is that they will be safe

refinement: The story says that the narrator is killed by an arrow, right after having been victorious in combat against her enemies. Despite the overwhelming sadness and pain surrounding her death, she embraces it, having accepted her fate. She knows that her people will be safe and without a fight, she slips away from the world.


text:
[screen-shot-2016-12-21-at-3-55-15-pm]E.J. DIONNE isn’t a lawyer, but he likes to play one at the Washington Post (see tweet below). Hillary’s lead campaign team — after losing the “un-loseable election” — also now declare themselves experts of the law in places like Twitter. They know better than both FBI Director Comey and the federal courts what defines probable cause and whether the affidavit (the need for which triggered Comey’s late October letter to Congress) met that legal standard for looking at the laptop seized in the Weiner investigation concerning Weiner allegedly sexting underage girls in other states. Some in the legal community — notably, many without high profile or known extensive 4th Amendment experience — are even opining on it. Did Comey’s agents have probable cause to look at the emails found on the laptop between Hillary and Huma Abedin?

  The FBI had nothing to justify its election-changing intervention against #Clinton. Zero. Zilch. It was all politicshttps://t.co/9xzY2GNbYt

  — EJ Dionne (@EJDionne) December 21, 2016

  Clinton Spox Brian Fallon Goes on Tweetstorm Blasting FBI After Warrant is Released https://t.co/8nMootLkGg pic.twitter.com/8Lk9y57rqT

  — LawNewz (@law_newz) December 21, 2016

Well, first, let’s break down what happened. Pursuant to a legal warrant, law enforcement agents seized a laptop computer belonging to Weiner in their investigation of him allegedly sexting an underage girl in North Carolina. In searching the laptop, the agents came across emails appearing to relate to the Hillary investigation, which was outside their initial scope of inquiry. The emails at issue were found on that already seized laptop. The emails appeared to be of the same kind of confidential, classified emails from the prior investigation into Hillary’s emails. Many agents would have just searched the emails anyway, using the first warrant as grounds. But, playing by the book, the agents requested a second warrant to search those specific emails, recognizing that is the safer path. The grounds were simple. Confidential, classified emails were located outside the classified servers. This triggered the first investigation. The only cited reason the first investigation did not trigger an indictment recommendation was lack of evidence of intent. The new laptop — also completely unsecured and known to be accessible to people without a right to that access (Weiner) — appeared to have such confidential, classified emails accessible on it.

So what is “probable cause”? All that is needed for probable cause is sufficient circumstances that an officer believe a crime has been committed. What would that be here? Evidence that classified emails were on the laptop. Why did the officers believe that? Because they saw emails of the same kind as had just been investigated between Hillary and Huma on the laptop. To be precise: the email information disclosed “correspondence between one or both of these accounts and State Department email accounts.” Federal law criminalizes anyone having “unauthorized possession of, or access to, or control over” a wide range of classified and national security information, which Weiner clearly appeared to have on his laptop. That is why a near-twenty year federal magistrate Judge in the defendant-friendly Southern District of New York approved the warrant so fast.  Guess whose administration first supported his appointment to be Magistrate Judge? BILL CLINTON.

As a lawyer who actually does 4th Amendment work everyday, the affidavit provided by Comey’s agents would be found to have probable cause by every Judge in the country. E.J. Dionne, and friends, can stay at Holiday Inn Express, but that doesn’t make them lawyers.

_Robert Barnes is a California -based attorney. He is also a contributor to LawNewz.com._

[image via screengrab ABC News]

_This is an opinion piece. The views expressed in this article are those of just the author._

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize why Weiner was being investigated by the FBI.

answer: He was sexting with an underage girl in North Carolina.

answer: It's not stated in the article, but it appears that Weiner was being investigated for sexting an underage girl.

text: It is stated in the article.

refinement: Weiner was being investigated for sexting an underage girl.

answer: In other words, the case against him was built from the start around his sexting someone he knew to be underage.

text: The phrasing could be more straightforward.

refinement: He was under investigation for sexting someone he knew to be underage.

text: The article doesn't actually claim he knew the girl was underage.

refinement: He was under inbestigation for sexting an underage girl.

answer: At this time, it is not made clear why Weiner was being investigated by the FBI, but it is suspected that he could have been sexting an underage girl.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize why Clinton was being investigated by the FBI.

answer: After the scandal of mishandling confidential documents on her private server became public, Hillary Clinton was investigated by the FBI to see if they had found malingering documents. The FBI used the warrant from the Justice Department as legal cover for their investigation, but it turns out she was cleared of charges after an investigation that lasted over a year, during which she became the de-facto Democratic nominee for President.

text: This information is unattested.

text: The article does mention a bit about the investigation.

refinement: Hillary was invested for sending confidential, classified emails outside of the classified servers. The emails were found on the seized laptop of Weiner.

answer: After the scandal of mishandling confidential documents on her private server became public, Hillary Clinton was investigated by the FBI to see if she had malingering documents on the server. The FBI used the warrant from the Justice Department as legal cover for their investigation, but it turns out she was cleared of charges after an investigation that lasted over a year, during which she became the de-facto Democratic nominee for President.

answer: Clinton was being investigated by the FBI because they were looking into her emails.

text: The answer could be more specific.

refinement: Clinton was being investigated by the FBI because they were looking into confidential, classified emails that she sent outside of the classified servers.

answer: Clinton was being investigated by the FBI because she allegedly sent confidential and classified emails from her private server.

answer: Clinton was being investigated after she used her private email server to handle classified emails during her term as secretary of state in the Obama administration. The federal law criminalizes anyone having "unauthorized possession of, or access to, or control over” a wide range of classified and national security information, which Weiner clearly appeared to have on his laptop. That is why a near-twenty year federal magistrate Judge in the defendant-friendly Southern District of New York approved the warrant so fast.

text: The subsequent sentences after the first are unnecessary.

refinement: Clinton was being investigated after she used her private email server to handle classified emails during her term as secretary of state in the Obama administration.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize James Comey's life before becoming the director of the FBI.

answer: James Comey was appointed by President Obama to be the director of the FBI.

text: The article doesn't describe Comey's early life.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: James Comey is a US lawyer and politician. He was not formerly the Director of the FBI but later became one. He has been a regular contributor for LawNewz.com when the article was published.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
BRYAN FOY (December 8, 1896 – April 20, 1977) was an American film producer and director. He produced 214 films between 1924 and 1963. He also directed 41 films between 1923 and 1934. He headed the B picture unit at Warner Bros. where he was known as “the keeper of the B's”.[1]

Biography

He was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 8, 1896. He was the eldest son of the vaudeville star Eddie Foy and appeared with his father in the vaudeville act “Eddie Foy and The Seven Little Foys.” The act broke up when Bryan Foy left to join the U.S. Army in World War I in 1918,[2] after which his remaining siblings continued performing with their father under the title, “Eddie Foy and the Younger Foys”, through 1923, when their father retired.[3]

He was also a songwriter, and by 1916 had several published songs, including “My Honolulu Girl”.[4]

Foy led Warners B picture unit until 1942 when the studio ended their second features. He was recruited 20th Century Fox where he produced the acclaimed war movie _Guadalcanal Diary_ in 1943. Following the war Foy entered motion picture production with a series of short subjects for Universal Pictures including a series of _The Shadow_ with Foy writing and directing several of the two reelers. He remained with Fox until 1947 where he produced for Eagle-Lion Films with one of his assistant producers being famed mobster Johnny Rosselli. He was rehired by Warner Bros in 1950. From 1954 Foy produced films for Columbia Pictures. He returned again to Warners in 1962 for his final two films.

He died in Los Angeles from a heart attack on April 20, 1977. He was buried in Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles.[5]

Selected filmography

-   _The Swell Head_ (1928)
-   _Lights of New York_ (1928)
-   _The Home Towners_ (1928)
-   _Queen of the Night Clubs_ (1929)
-   _The Royal Box_ (1929)
-   _Stout Hearts and Willing Hands_ (1931)
-   _The Unwelcome Stranger_ (1935)
-   _Road Gang_ (1936)
-   _Love Is on the Air_ (1937)
-   _Marry the Girl_ (1937)
-   _Smart Blonde_ (1937) (Torchy Blaine film series}
-   _West of Shanghai_ (1937)
-   _The Invisible Menace_ (1938)
-   _Girls on Probation_ (1938)
-   _Nancy Drew... Detective_ (1938) (Nancy Drew film series)
-   _Comet Over Broadway_ (1938)
-   _Devil's Island_ (1939)
-   _Hell's Kitchen_ (1939)
-   _On Dress Parade_ (1939)
-   _South of Suez_ (1940)
-   _Law of the Tropics_ (1941)
-   _Wild Bill Hickok Rides_ (1942)
-   _The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe_ (1942)
-   _Little Tokyo, U.S.A._ (1942)
-   _Berlin Correspondent_ (1942)
-   _The Undying Monster_ (1942)
-   _Chetniks! The Fighting Guerrillas_ (1943)
-   _Guadalcanal Diary_ (1943)
-   _Doll Face_ (1945)
-   _Adventures of Casanova_ (1948)
-   _Trapped_ (1949)
-   _The Great Jewel Robber_ (1950)
-   _Breakthrough_ (1950)
-   _I Was a Communist for the FBI_ (1951)
-   _The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima_ (1952)
-   _House of Wax_ (1953)
-   _The Mad Magician_ (1954)
-   _House of Women_ (1962)
-   _PT-109_ (1963)

[1] p. 430 Senn, Bryan _Golden Horrors_ 1996 McFarland

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Bryan Foy

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Bryan Foy's filmography?

answer: The text discusses Bryan Foy's extensive filmography, covering 214 films that he produced and directed between 1924 and 1963. He was known for producing many B-movies at Warner Bros.

text: The response misses to specify that he was known for leading the B picture unit.

refinement: The text discusses Bryan Foy's extensive filmography, covering 214 films that he produced and directed between 1924 and 1963. He was known for leading the B-picture unit at Warner Bros.

text: The response misses to specify that the 214 films produced between 1924 and 1963 were separate to the ones he directed between 1923 and and 1934.

refinement: The text discusses Bryan Foy's extensive filmography, covering 214 films that he produced between 1924 and 1963 and 41 films he directed between 1923 and 1934. He was known for leading the B-picture unit at Warner Bros.

answer: Bryan Foy produced 214 films between 1924 and 1963, and directed 41 films between 1923 and 1934. He headed the B picture unit at Warner Bros. and also produced for a variety of studios including 20th Century Fox, Eagle-Lion Films and Columbia Pictures.

answer: Bryan Foy's filmography consisted of 214 films between 1924 and 1963 including 41 films between 1923 and 1934. In 1923 his father, Eddie Foy, retired and his remaining siblings continued performing under the title, "Eddie Foy and the Younger Foys) until 1924. After the war, from 1943 Foe re-entered the film industry with a series of short subjects for Universal Pictures. During his stay at 20th Century Fox he produced the acclaimed war movie, Guadalcanal Diary, in 1943. Foy was also a songwriter and his songs included “My Honolulu Girl.”

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: Bryan Foy's filmography consisted of 214 films between 1924 and 1963 including 41 films between 1923 and 1934.

text: The response misses to specify that the 41 films were film he directed not inclusive of the ones he produced.

refinement: Bryan Foy's filmography consisted of 214 films produced between 1924 and 1963. He also directed 41 films between 1923 and 1934.

answer: Bryan Foy's filmography spans 214 films between 1924 and 1963. He has worked with several studios: Warners, 20th Century Fox, Universal Pictures, Eagle-Lion Films, Columbia Pictures, and Warner Bros. Foy has been credited for a number of films, directing 41, and producing 214.

text: Warner Bros. is mentioned twice in the response.

refinement: Bryan Foy's filmography spans 214 films between 1924 and 1963. He has worked with several studios: 20th Century Fox, Universal Pictures, Eagle-Lion Films, Columbia Pictures, and Warner Bros. Foy has been credited for a number of films, directing 41, and producing 214.

text: The response inaccurately mentions Foy's filmography as 214 films. That number of films is only for the ones he produced.

refinement: Bryan Foy's filmography spans 214 produced films between 1924 and 1963. He has worked with several studios: 20th Century Fox, Universal Pictures, Eagle-Lion Films, Columbia Pictures, and Warner Bros. Foy has also been credited for directing 41 films.

answer: Bryan Foy produced an astonishing 214 films between 1924 and 1963. He also directed 41 films between 1923 and 1934. After serving in World War I, Foy produced for 20th Century Fox until 1947. He was later rehired by Warner Bros in 1950 but in 1954 he went to produce films for Columbia Pictures and eventually returned to Warner Bros in 1962 for his final two films.


text:
_MALOIDES_ is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders containing the single species, _MALOIDES CAVERNICOLA_. It was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989,[1] and has only been found in New Zealand.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Maloides

question: What is Maloides?

answer: According to the passage, Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders containing the single species Maloides cavernicolus. It was first described in 1989.

text: The species is spelling incorrectly.

refinement: According to the passage, Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders containing the single species Maloides cavernicola. It was first described in 1989.

answer: Maloides is a genus of spider that is found in New Zealand.

answer: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders.

question: How many spacies does Maloides contain?

text: Response missing.

answer: Maloides contains a single spacies.

answer: There is only one species within the Maloides genus.

question: Who was Maloides first described?

answer: Maloides was first described in 1989.

answer: Maloides was first described by Norman I. Platnick

answer: It was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989.

question: Where has Maloides been found?

answer: Maloides has been found in New Zealand.

answer: Maloides has been found in New Zealand.

answer: Maloides has only been found in New Zealand.

question: What is Maloides Covernicola?

answer: Maloides Covernicola is a spacies of the genre Maloides.

text: Incorrectly spelled the word "species".

refinement: Maloides Covernicola is a species of the genre Maloides.

text: The word "genre" could be replaced with the more scientifically appropriate word "genus".

refinement: Maloides Covernicola is a species of the genus Maloides.

answer: This is a species of spider found only in New Zealand.

answer: According to the passage, Maloides Covernicola is a spider species that is found exclusively in New Zealand and was first scientifically described in 1989.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders containing the single species, Maloides cavernicolus. First discovered in 1989, Maloides was found only in New Zealand.

text: Incorrectly spelled the name of the species.

refinement: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders containing the single species, Maloides cavernicola. First discovered in 1989, Maloides was found only in New Zealand.

answer: The Maloides is a genus of South Pacific spiders. It contains a single species. Maloides Cavernicolate can only be found in New Zealand.

text: Incorrectly spelled the name of the species.

refinement: The Maloides is a genus of South Pacific spiders. It contains a single species. Maloides Cavernicola can only be found in New Zealand.

answer: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders. First described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989, it has only been found in New Zealand.

answer: The Maloides is a genus containing one species, Maloides Cavernicola. The spider is found only in New Zealand, and was first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989.

answer: The author of this text discusses Maloides, which is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders.

answer: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders. It contains a single species, Maloides Covernicola. It has only been found in New Zealand.

text: Incorrectly spelled the name of the species.

refinement: Maloides is a genus of South Pacific tangled nest spiders. It contains a single species, Maloides Cavernicola. It has only been found in New Zealand.


text:
Pastor Gene Lingerfelt of the Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas, reportedly unloaded on men who play video games on Xbox during a sermon a couple of months ago.

The video to the sermon has recently been password protected on Vimeo, but the Friendly Atheist provided a transcript of Lingerfelt's scolding:

  "And don’t even get me started on the Xbox. And all of that. If you have calluses on your thumbs, you’re a loser. If you’re more than 18 years old and you’re still jackin’ around with that stuff...

  "I curse that spirit in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth.

  "There are young gals in this church. Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful young gals, and you know why they can’t get a date? ‘Cause that retarded spirit got onto young men. Amen.

  "Some of you women, you have my permission -- blame me. He come home -- I’m talking about your husband come home, and that’s gone. And don’t just throw it in the trash -- he’ll go fish it out -- you gotta put in the bathtub full of water before you throw it in the trash. Now don’t do that while it’s plugged in…"

Lingerfelt supported a shutdown of the federal government in 2013 and made homophobic remarks about President Barack Obama in some tweets that were later deleted, noted the Dallas Observer:

  "The #shutdown is what America gets for TWICE electing a petulant child Marxist drama queen for Pres. (Yes, I used 'queen' on purpose.)"

  "With Federal Government shut down, does that mean that my tax dollars will stop being sent to the #Al-Qaeda #terrorists in #Syria?"

  "With Federal Government shut down, does that mean that my tax dollars will stop being sent to the #PlannedParenthood #terrorists?"

  "W/Fed Govt shut down, does that mean that #NASA will no longer be able to work at making Muslims feel better about their Stone Age culture?"

  "With Federal Government shut down, does that mean the Department of Education will have to STOP making homosexual porn flicks?"

  "Can we shut down the Federal Government until January 2017 when the petulant Marxist man-child has to stop taking Government-paid vacations?"

  "When you have a petulant teenage daughter--like Obozo--sometimes an adult just has to take away the car keys."

  "Democrats can't have rally. KKK rally at Gettysburg Military Park canceled due to gov't shutdown."

  "Liberals are SO stupid, they are now calling NOT spending money (via Govt shut down) 'terrorism.' But Muslim rape, murder & bombing isn't.."

  "Had some non-working Govt-dependent Millennial liberals drop me today & send nasty tweets. Oh well, when you make your own $ you don't care."

  "Pres O isn't a tough guy. He's the metrosexual who was harassed in school. Now he has power and wants payback."

The Faith Christian Center website sends a more contradictory message:

  "No matter what you are facing or going through, God has a wonderful plan for your life. We’ll help you discover that plan, and we’ll teach you how to apply God’s Word to your every day life. The Bible has THE ANSWER--Jesus Christ--to all of life’s challenges! We have unshakeable faith in an unchanging God, and we believe that with God all things are possible.

  "At Faith Christian Center, you will experience God's presence and you will hear life-changing messages. Click here to check out our services from last Sunday."

Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is this article published?

answer: The article was published by an online atheist blogging site, The Friendly Atheist.

text: Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

answer: Unclear - possibly the Dallas Observer but this isn't entirely clear (and the Observer is cited as a source)

text: I would add the Friendly Atheist.

refinement: Unclear - possibly the Dallas Observer and the Friendly Atheist but this isn't entirely clear (and the Observer is cited as a source)

text: Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

answer: The article was published on the Friendly Atheist blog.

text: Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

answer: Online in the Friendly Atheist blog.

text: Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

answer: The Friendly Atheist

text: Sources: Friendly Atheist, Faith Christian Center, Dallas Observer / Photo credit: Faith Christian Center/Vimeo via Friendly Atheist

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the intended audience?

answer: The intended audience is people that play video games.

text: That is the audience for the pastor's comments-or part of the audience he hopes hears his message-but this article seems to have been written for a more secular audience as it highlights some of the pastor's lifelong more controversial and dramatic opinions and criticisms.

refinement: The pastor's intended audience is people that play video games, but the article is meant for a wider audience, and possibly for a more liberal, secular one.

answer: The article focuses a lot on faith. This audience may include the people in the pew.

answer: The intended audience is primarily Christians likely facing life challenges.

text: That is the audience for the pastor's comments-or part of the audience he hopes hears his message-but this article seems to have been written for a more secular audience as it highlights some of the pastor's lifelong more controversial and dramatic opinions and criticisms.

refinement: The pastor's intended audience is primarily Christians likely facing life challenges, but the audience for this article is likely more secular and probably less conservative.

answer: The intended audience for Pastor Lingerfelt's scolding is adults and young men.

text: That is the audience for the pastor's comments-or part of the audience he hopes hears his message-but this article seems to have been written for a more secular audience as it highlights some of the pastor's lifelong more controversial and dramatic opinions and criticisms.

refinement: The intended audience for Pastor Lingerfelt's scolding is adults and young men. The audience intended for the article is probably wider, more secular, and less conservative.

answer: Likely individuals in Texas / in the area, and who have some interest in religious issues given the subject matter

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the stance taken by the author?

answer: The author takes a critical view of men who play video games and an overall negative view of video games in general.

answer: The author is neutral in his stance.

answer: An explicit stance is not taken, but the author appears to want to show the pastor as ridiculous and hypocritical, particularly by citing the Faith Christian Center's website in contrast to the pastor's messaging.

answer: The author of the passage berates men who play video games, calling them "losers." The author takes a negative stance against video game playing.

text: Pastor Lingerfelt is not the author of the article.

refinement: The author seems neutral but also might be critical of the pastor's faith-based myopia.

answer: It is not explicit.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where do the events take place?

answer: Arlington, Texas, in the United States of America.

answer: The sermon takes place at Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas.

answer: They take place during a sermon at the Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas, presumably.

answer: Likely between 2013-16 and no later - some of Gene Lingerfelt's tweets that are cited refer to the Federal government shutdown, but the article is written with the presumption that Obama was still president

text: You answered when, not where.

answer: The events take place at the Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

To what extent is politics relevant and how does it play out in the article?

answer: The article cites Gene Lingerfelt's tweets which show Lingerfelt's strongly right-wing views.

answer: Many of the pastor's views are framed as either complicit with the 'left' (Democrats) or for the 'right' (Republicans). The representative of this article is quoting his homophobic and anti-Muslim comments.

text: The pastor's views are mostly seen as aligning with the views of the conservative right and largely Republican groups in the States.

refinement: Many of the pastor's views are viewed as complicit with the 'right' (Republicans). The representative of this article is quoting his homophobic and anti-Muslim comments.

answer: Pastor Gene Lingerfelt plays on the fears his congregation of an "Al-Qaeda people" and implies that the federal government is allied with them, when the article makes clear that he was incorrect in this. It's not clear, but a rallying against Obama during the government shutdown suggests this is a political move. Planned Parenthood has historically been used as a tool in election cycles to stir up outrage for any candidate who is against it, so they were also targeted. Regardless of that, it's not that they're specifically coming to the church.

text: It's pretty clear that the pastor is conservative and anti-Democrat.

refinement: Pastor Gene Lingerfelt plays on the fears his congregation of an "Al-Qaeda people" and implies that the federal government is allied with them, when the article makes clear that he was incorrect in this. His views seem to align with the right, or conservative.

answer: The politics in this article primarily revolve around conservative views on video games and finger calluses. Pastor Gene Lingerfelt makes statements in the sermon related to politics in the form of his disagreement with the decisions of the Obama administration, however they serve to illustrate a point about the dangers of excessive play of video games. Politics is not the main focus of the article.

answer: The article contains harsh criticism of male gamers and the potential damage they are doing to their social relationships with young women. At the same time, Pastor Gene Lingerfelt more generally supports a crackdown on the federal government. Politics is relevant in this article because it is intertwined with Lingerfelt's rant about the value and moral standing of male gamers.

text: Politics are relevant in this article because the pastor literally calls Obama names and speaks condescendingly about groups with more secular and liberal agendas than his own conservative Christian views. Also the "although he supports a crackdown on the government..." statement stands out because actually in the US being anti-government in the private sector is a largely Republican-held view, which is to say it is more conservative than the most socialist-aligned views of the more liberal Democratic party.

refinement: The article contains harsh criticism of male gamers and the potential damage they are doing to their social relationships with young women. Pastor Gene Lingerfelt more generally supports a crackdown on the federal government. Politics is relevant in this article because it is intertwined with Lingerfelt's rant about the value and moral standing of male gamers. The pastor is known for being critical of Obama and a more liberal/Democratic government.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: During his sermon, Pastor Gene Lingerfelt of Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas, railed against Xbox and denounced men who play video games. Lingerfelt condemned them for developing calluses on their thumbs and called them "a loser." He also excoriated young women who can't find dates because of distracted men. Lingerfelt supports the shutdown of the federal government and has made homophobic remarks of President Barack Obama in the past.

answer: This article covers the Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas in which Pastor Gene Lingerfel performed a sermon during which he called men who play video games on XBox losers. It also lists his previous tweets that support the shutdown of the federal government in 2013 and some homophobic comments. It mentions he says the Xbox games dull men's sensitivity to women.

answer: Pastor Gene Lingerfelt is strongly against people who play Xbox, claiming that they are losers. Lingerfelt also supported a shutdown of the federal government in 2013, and has made other negative remarks against the president. The Faith Christian Center church website sends a more contradictory message.

answer: Pastor Gene Lingerfelt from Arlington, Texas, has criticised men who play video games during a sermon. He also supported a shutdown of the federal government in 2013 and made homophobic remarks about then-President Obama, expressing strongly bigoted views on Twitter. His message contradicts what his church's website appears to espouse.

answer: Pastor Gene Lingerfelt of the Faith Christian Center in Arlington, Texas, recently delivered a sermon where he chastised men who play Xbox games. He also harshly criticized the federal government shutdown. Additionally, he has made homophobic remarks about President Barack Obama in some tweets.


text:
MUSTAFA TAMER BAŞAR[1] (born January 19, 1946[2]) is a control and game theorist who is the _Swanlund Endowed Chair_[3] and Center for Advanced Study[4][5] Professor[6] of Electrical and Computer Engineering[7] at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. He is also the Director of the Center for Advanced Study (since 2014).

Education

Tamer Başar received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Boğaziçi Üniversitesi _(formerly known as Robert College[8])_ at Bebek, in İstanbul-Turkey, in 1969, and M.S., M.Phil., and Ph.D. in engineering and applied science from Yale University, in 1970, 1971 and 1972, respectively.

Academic life

He joined the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign - Electrical and Computer Engineering Department in 1981. He was the founding president of the International Society of Dynamic Games during 1990-1994, the president of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 2000, and the president of the American Automatic Control Council during 2010-2011. He received the Medal of Science of Turkey in 1993, H.W. Bode Lecture Prize of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 2004, Georgia Quazza Medal of the International Federation of Automatic Control in 2005, the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 2006[9], Isaacs Award of the International Society of Dynamic Games in 2010, and IEEE Control Systems Award in 2014.[10] _Tamer Başar_ was elected as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems Engineering for the development of dynamic game theory and application to robust control of systems with uncertainty in 2000.[11] He is a Fellow of IEEE, IFAC, and SIAM.

Honorary degrees and chairs

He has been awarded Honorary Doctor of Science degrees and Honorary Professorships from:

-   Honorary Professorship, Shandong University, Jinan, China, 2019
-   Honorary Chair Professorship from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China in 2014
-   Honorary Doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa) from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2012
-   Honorary Doctorate from the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan in 2011
-   Honorary Professorship from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China in 2008
-   Honorary Doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa) from Doğuş University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2007
-   _Swanlund Endowed Chair Professorship at UIUC_ in 2007

Research areas

His research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control; large-scale systems; dynamic games; stochastic control; estimation theory; stochastic processes; and mathematical economics.[12]

[1]

[2] Tamer Başar's biography

[3] Tamer Başar's homepage,

[4] Swanlund Chair

[5] Center for Advanced Study

[6] Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering

[7] Decision and Control Laboratory, The Communications Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

[8] Currently, Robert College is an independent private high school at Arnavutköy. The Bebek campus and academic staff were turned over to the Republic of Turkey for use as Boğaziçi University in 1971.

[9]

[10] For seminal contributions to dynamic games, stochastic and risk-sensitive control, control of networks, and hierarchical decision making

[11]

[12] [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?queryText=.QT.Basar,%20T..QT.&newsearch=true Some of the IEEE publications of Prof. Başar]

title: Tamer Başar

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the research interests that Tamer Basar has.

answer: The research interests of Tamar Basar include optimal, robust and nonlinear control, large-scale systems and dynamic games.

text: Partial answer

refinement: The research interests of Tamar Basar include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control; large-scale systems; dynamic games; stochastic control; estimation theory; stochastic processes; and mathematical economics.

answer: Tamer Basar's research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control, large-scale systems, and dynamic games. He focuses on developing dynamic game theory and application to robust control of systems with uncertainty.

text: Incomplete answer

refinement: Tamer Basar's research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control; large-scale systems; dynamic games; stochastic control; estimation theory; stochastic processes; and mathematical economics. He focuses on developing dynamic game theory and application to robust control of systems with uncertainty.

answer: Tamer Basar has many research interests. He has many degrees in engineering and applied science. His other research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control, large scale systems, dynamic games, stochastic control, estimation theory, stochastic processes, and mathematical economics. Basar has many research interests which he has explored in his academic life.

text: Unnecessary repetition

refinement: Tamer Basar has many research interests. He has many degrees in engineering and applied science. His other research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control, large scale systems, dynamic games, stochastic control, estimation theory, stochastic processes, and mathematical economics.

answer: His research interests include optimal, robust, and nonlinear control; large-scale systems; dynamic games; stochastic control; estimation theory; stochastic processes; and mathematical economics.

answer: Tamer Basar's research interests are in optimal, robust, and nonlinear control, large-scale systems, dynamic games, stochastic control, estimation theory, stochastic processes, and mathematical economics.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How successful was Tamer Basar in his academic life?

answer: Tamer Basar was very successful in his academic life. He was the founding president of the International Society of Dynmaic Games, the president of IEEE Control Systems Society in 2000, and the president of the American Automatic Control System at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Tamar was also elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication, and Information Systems Engineering and Industrial, Manufacturing, and Operational Systems Engineering. He has accomplished many honorary degrees and chairs as well.

answer: He was the founding president of the International Society of Dynamic Games, president of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 2000, and the president of the American Automatic Control Council during 2010-2011. He received the Medal of Science of Turkey in 1993, and 4 more distinguished awards: H.W. Bode Lecture Prize of the IEEE Control Systems Society,

answer: Successfully obtained three degrees in engineering and applied science, was an important founding president for the International Society of Dynamic Games, president of the IEEE Control Systems Society, and president of the American Automatic Control Council. He also received seven other awards and worked with the National Academy of Engineering.

answer: Tamer Başar has been awarded numerous honorary degrees and chairs and is the Swanlund Chair Professor and Director of the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Therefore, he has been very successful in his academic career.

text: Incomplete

refinement: Tamer Başar has been awarded numerous honorary degrees and chairs and is the Swanlund Chair Professor and Director of the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was the founding president of the International Society of Dynamic Games, president of the IEEE Control Systems Society in 2000, and the president of the American Automatic Control Council during 2010-2011. He received the Medal of Science of Turkey in 1993, and 4 more distinguished awards: H.W. Bode Lecture Prize of the IEEE Control Systems Society,

answer: Tamer Basar is successful in his academic life; he has received numerous awards for his contributions to dynamic games and control theory. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of both IEEE and IFAC. He was also awarded honorary degrees and chairs.


text:
_'Edmund (or EDMOND) Meyrick_' (or MEYRICKE) (1636 – 24 April 1713) was a Welsh cleric and benefactor of Jesus College, Oxford, where scholarships are still awarded in his name. He is a member of the Meyrick family.

Life

Meyrick was born at Garthlwyd, Llandderfel (near Bala, Merionethshire) and christened in Llandderfel on 11 June 1636. He attended four schools, including one year at Ruthin School, before matriculating at Jesus College, Oxford in 1656. He was elected to a scholarship in 1658 and obtained his BA degree in 1659.[1] He was ordained both deacon and priest by Robert Skinner, Bishop of Oxford, on 30 August 1660 in the chapel of New College, Oxford.[2] In 1662, he was elected to a probationary Fellowship of the college, but married in 1663 and became ineligible for a full fellowship. He became vicar of Eynsham on 10 August 1663.[3] He was chaplain to Richard, Earl of Carbery — the Meyricks and the Carberys being related – and this connection led to Meyrick's appointment to a number of lucrative positions in West Wales.[4] Meyrick became vicar of Llangathen in 1665, vicar of Llanegwad and a Canon of St David's Cathedral in 1667, rector of Burton, Pembrokeshire in 1670, treasurer of St David's in 1690 and rector of Penboyr in 1713. He was also a canon of Christ College, Brecon and vicar of Carmarthen; he held many of these positions at the same time. He died in Carmarthen, where he was then living, on 24 April 1713, and was buried in St Peter's Church; a memorial to him was placed on the north wall of the chancel.[5]

Bequests

Meyrick's wife and only child had predeceased him, enabling a more generous disposition of his assets.[6] He had extensive property interests, in both North and South Wales. The family seat was in Ucheldre, Gwyddelwern, Merionethshire and Meyrick also owned several houses in Carmarthen.[7] In 1708, he set up a charity school in Carmarthen but for some reason directed in his will that the school and master should be moved to Bala, where it became the Bala Grammar School.[8] The will provided for an annual payment of £15 to the schoolmaster together with the use of the schoolhouse, and £15 per year for clothing for the students.[9]

His will, dated 25 March 1712, said: He left family property in Denbighshire and Merionethshire, as well as his Carmarthen property after expiration of some life interests, to the college to provide six scholarships of £10 and six exhibitions of £8. The scholarships and exhibitions were to be awarded to Jesus College students from North Wales, until they obtained their Master of Arts degree or were receiving more than £40 per year from a parish appointment. Any surplus was to be used to buy advowsons so that the College might present one of the scholars (or in default of a suitable scholar, a Meyrick exhibitioner or a North Wales fellow of the College) to a parish position.[10] Whilst the estate produced a surplus, only one living was purchased by the trustees, that of the rectory of Llandow in 1735. Further increases in the surplus led to an increase in payments to Bala School and to the scholars and exhibitioners, and to the purchase of other property in Cheltenham and Carmarthen.[11][12] This proved to be a profitable investment since, by 1840, the college had received more than £10,000 through the sale of trust land near Cheltenham for railway purposes. Payments to Bala School ended in 1862, when the annual payments were commuted for a lump-sum payment of £5,333.[13]

Meyrick scholarships and exhibitions are still awarded to students at Jesus College, based on academic merit. Students performing consistently at a first-class standard during the year in the opinion of their tutors may be awarded a Meyrick scholarship, with consistent performance at upper second to first-class standard potentially leading to the award of a Meyrick exhibition.[14] The restriction in Meyrick's bequest that the scholarships were for students from North Wales only was relaxed in 1857 to cover students from all of Wales and Monmouthshire.[15][16] The restrictions have been further relaxed and students who were not born in Wales are also now eligible for a Meyrick scholarship or exhibition if they are the child of a native of Wales, are able to speak Welsh or they were educated for the last three years of secondary school in Wales.[17]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13] Baker, p. 62

[14]

[15]

[16] Hardy, p. 197

[17]

title: Edmund Meyrick

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Meyrick's relationship to Wales.

answer: Edmund Meyrick was an ordained Welsh cleric who left considerable financial assets to Jesus College, Oxford in order to create scholarships and exhibitions specifically for students from Wales. Meyrick was specifically interested in improving access to higher education in Wales and was committed to improving the education system in his homeland in his will.

text: Meyrick held various lucrative appointments in West Wales, and owned extensive property in North and South Wales. Change the response to reflect this.

refinement: Edmund Meyrick was an ordained Welsh cleric who held various lucrative appointments in West Wales and left extensive property in North and South Wales to Jesus College, Oxford in order to create scholarships and exhibitions specifically for students from Wales. Meyrick was specifically interested in improving access to higher education in Wales and was committed to improving the education system in his homeland in his will.

text: Meyrick also provided for the Bala grammar school in his will. The school was moved from Carmarthen to Bala according to his will. They commuted their annual payments to a lump sum in 1862. Include this school in the response as well.

refinement: Edmund Meyrick was an ordained Welsh cleric who held various lucrative appointments in West Wales and left extensive property in North and South Wales to Jesus College, Oxford in order to create scholarships and exhibitions specifically for students from Wales. He also provided for the Bala Grammar School in his will. Meyrick was specifically interested in improving access to higher education in Wales and was committed to improving the education system in his homeland in his will.

answer: Meyrick was born and christened in Llandderfel near Bala, Merionethshire in Wales. He was also rector and vicar of a variety of churches in Wales. His combined career in the Welsh church lasted 52 years. Meyrick left family property in Denbighshire and Merionethshire to his college so it could award scholarships and exhibitions to deserving students to finance their time at the College.

text: Meyrick also provided for the Bala grammar school in his will. The school was moved from Carmarthen to Bala according to his will. They commuted their annual payments to a lump sum in 1862. Include this school in the response as well.

refinement: Meyrick was born and christened in Llandderfel near Bala, Merionethshire in Wales. He was also rector and vicar of a variety of churches in Wales. His combined career in the Welsh church lasted 52 years. Meyrick left family property in Denbighshire and Merionethshire to his college so it could award scholarships and exhibitions to deserving students to finance their time at the College. He also provided for Bala Grammar School in his will.

text: Meyrick specifically stated in his will that their scholarships and exhibitions were to be awarded to Jesus College students from North Wales. It was relaxed later to include students with some Welsh ancestry. Change the response to reflect the way in which students must be deserving of the Meyrick scolarship.

refinement: Meyrick was born and christened in Llandderfel near Bala, Merionethshire in Wales. He was also rector and vicar of a variety of churches in Wales. His combined career in the Welsh church lasted 52 years. Meyrick left family property in Denbighshire and Merionethshire to his college so it could award scholarships and exhibitions to Welsh students to finance their time at the College. He also provided for Bala Grammar School in his will.

answer: Meyrick was Welsh. He was born at Garthlwyrd, Llandderfel. He was a vicar in a number of positions in West Wales. He had extensive property interests in North and South Wales. The family seat was in Ucheldre, Gwyddelwern. He left scholarships for Jesus College for students from the North of Wales, which have since been extended to include students who speak Welsh or have Welsh parentage.

text: Meyrick also provided for the Bala grammar school in his will. The school was moved from Carmarthen to Bala according to his will. They commuted their annual payments to a lump sum in 1862. Include this school in the response as well.

refinement: Meyrick was Welsh. He was born at Garthlwyrd, Llandderfel. He was a vicar in a number of positions in West Wales. He had extensive property interests in North and South Wales. The family seat was in Ucheldre, Gwyddelwern. He left scholarships for Jesus College for students from the North of Wales, which have since been extended to include students who speak Welsh or have Welsh parentage. He also provided for the Bala Grammar School in his will, its payments were commuted in 1862.

answer: Meyrick was born in Merionethshire and held positions at various churches and colleges in Wales throughout his life. In his will, he left funds to Jesus College in Oxford to create a scholarship and exhibition program for students from Northern Wales. Though the restrictions in his bequest have been relaxed in recent years, the scholarships and exhibitions are still awarded to students based on academic merit. This relationship of encouragement to Welsh students reflects Meyrick's longstanding affiliation with Wales.

text: Meyrick's provisions for specifically Welsh students reflects his heritage and strong national pride. Change the response to reflect this and remove the mention of affiliation.

refinement: Meyrick was born in Merionethshire and held positions at various churches and colleges in Wales throughout his life. In his will, he left funds to Jesus College in Oxford to create a scholarship and exhibition program for students from Northern Wales. Though the restrictions in his bequest have been relaxed in recent years, the scholarships and exhibitions are still awarded to students based on academic merit. This relationship of encouragement to Welsh students reflects Meyrick's Welsh heritage.

text: Meyrick had extensive property interests in North and South Wales that funded the scholarships and exhibition programs at Jesus College as well as Bala Grammar School. Change the response to reflect this.

refinement: Meyrick was born in Merionethshire and held positions at various churches and colleges in Wales throughout his life. In his will, he left extensive property interests in North and South Wales to Jesus College in Oxford to create a scholarship and exhibition program for students from Northern Wales and to Bala Grammar School in Wales. Though the restrictions in his bequest have been relaxed in recent years, the scholarships and exhibitions are still awarded to students based on academic merit. This relationship of encouragement to Welsh students reflects Meyrick's Welsh heritage.

answer: Meyrick had a fairly large amount of property here, and was connected to a few prestigious posts. While he did also own property in Cheltenham (England), there were enough Welsh links to warrant his Welsh links sustained following his death.

text: Meyrick held various lucrative appointments in West Wales, and owned extensive property in North and South Wales. Change the response to reflect this.

refinement: Meyrick had a fairly large amount of property in West Wales, and held a few lucrative appointments in West Wales. While he did also own property in Cheltenham (England), there were enough Welsh links to warrant his Welsh links sustained following his death.

text: Meyrick provided for the Bala grammar school in his will. The school was moved from Carmarthen to Bala according to his will. They commuted their annual payments to a lump sum in 1862. Include this school in the response as well.

refinement: Meyrick had a fairly large amount of property in West Wales, and held a few lucrative appointments in West Wales. He provided for Bala Grammar School in his will. While he did also own property in Cheltenham (England), there were enough Welsh links to warrant his Welsh links sustained following his death.

text: Meyrick also gave property to provide for scholarships for his alma mater Jesus College, Oxford. Though the restrictions he placed on the scholarships in his will have been relaxed, it is still given to this day. Include this information in the response.

refinement: Meyrick had a fairly large amount of property in West Wales, and held a few lucrative appointments in West Wales. He provided for Bala Grammar School, as well as scholarships for Jesus College, Oxford, in his will. While he did also own property in Cheltenham (England), there were enough Welsh links to warrant his Welsh links sustained following his death.

text: His Welsh heritage is the prime motivation behind his will and the extensive that still has value today means that he can still contribute to the education of Welsh clergymen 300 years after his death. Include this information in the response, it is critical to the relevance of the article.

refinement: Meyrick had a fairly large amount of property in West Wales, and held a few lucrative appointments in West Wales. He provided for Bala Grammar School, as well as scholarships for Jesus College, Oxford, in his will. His Welsh heritage and extensive property means that he can still contribute to education 300 years after his death.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When did Meyrick live?

answer: Meyrick lived from 1636 to 1713.

answer: C. 1636 to 1713

answer: Meyrick lived in the 17th and early 18th centuries. He had a long life. Born in 1636, he matriculated at Jesus College in 1656. He later married in 1663, the same year he began a long career in the priesthood. He was rector of Penboyr in 1713, when he died, fifty years later.

text: He died at the age of 77 years, his wife predeceased him. He died fifty years after his marriage. To clarify the response, rather state that he died at 77 years of age.

refinement: Meyrick lived in the 17th and early 18th centuries. He had a long life. Born in 1636, he matriculated at Jesus College in 1656. He later married in 1663, the same year he began a long career in the priesthood. He was rector of Penboyr in 1713 at the time of his death at 77 years of age.

answer: Edmund Meyrick lived from 1636 to 1713.

answer: 1636 - 1713