text:
[Map of pubs in the City of London, 1968.]

Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

Though the 1986 _East London and City Pub Guide_ put together by the local branch of the Campaign for Real Ale is an entertaining read  (among other signs of its age, it notes which pubs are ‘popular with gays’), we found it _too _comprehensive for our purposes._
_

Instead, we turned, once again, to Tony White and Martin Green and their 1968 _Guide to London Pubs_. A compact paperback, for each region of central London (the authors weren’t much interested in anything beyond Zone 2) it offers a map and a short list of recommended pubs.

Those suggestions are based on the atmosphere and character of the pubs rather than the quality of the beer, which is just as well, as most of the brands listed are long gone.

There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

THE BLACK FRIAR, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET

This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

[The Black Friar, or Blackfriar, at, er, Blackfriars.]

THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

One pint down, we took a five minute walk along Queen Victoria Street and then turned left just before the College of Arms.

_The Horn, which dates back to the eighteenth century, is referred to by Dickens in _Pickwick Papers… _Later on, after the Great War, it employed ten barmaids; today, after a slight decline, it is rapidly gaining in popularity. Ladies are very welcome (not true of all City pubs), coffee is available at all times and there is a plentiful supply of food… One of the most unpleasant and unspoiled of City drinking haunts._ (G&W 1968)

Well, it’s bloody well been spoiled now. At some point, this back street pub near St Paul’s was renamed The Centre Page to fit in with a Fleet Street theme. It would be hard to imagine a pub with less soul, every vestige of character apparently having been thrown in a skip to make a large, wipe-clean space for the crowds which descend between 6 p.m. and 7:30 on most week-nights.

We drank Moorhouse’s Blond Witch which was very nearly off but not quite, and warm to boot, and left feeling deflated, wishing we’d ordered coffee.

THE OLDE DR BUTLER’S HEAD, MASON’S AVENUE

Green and White — journalists, not historians — tell this story about the ODBH:

_The original Dr Butler prescribed a cask of his medicinal ale for King James I’s sciatica, for which he was made a Court Physician and given an honorary degree in medicine… He founded the inn, which takes its name from him, some time before 1616… [and] it was here that he used to sell the medicinal ale which he brewed himself._

Like Ye Olde Mitre on Hatton Garden, it feels like an invention of Peter Ackroyd — a small piece of Old London lost up an easy-to-miss pedestrian alleyway between hulking, grey modern buildings. Inside, it was pleasingly dark and cosy, though less charmingly decrepit than similar Samuel Smith-owned pubs.

Leaning on a shelf, we tried to enjoy pints of Whitstable Bay Pale Ale, but it was barely drinkable — that ‘distinctive’ Shepherd Neame character made yet more ‘distinctive’ by being allowed to become stale and warm. Again, not actually _off_, but not at all good. Even if we’d wanted to take it back, we’d have had to fight through a crowd of well-oiled blokes in ‘insurance, banking, stock-broking’: this pub is certainly as popular with that crowd today as it was back in 1968.

NOT THE HAND & SHEARS

After two mediocre pubs in a row, we were beginning to run out of steam, and then got lost trying to find a pub near Smithfield which Green and White inform us was once known colloquially as the ‘Fist & Clippers’.  As we walked past a Fuller’s mega-pub — The Butcher’s Hook & Cleaver — and saw a full bank of cask ales and Bengal Lancer, London Porter and even Golden Pride on keg, we crumbled. The crawl ended there.

The Butcher’s Hook is in the West London brewery’s corporate style — shiny orange wood, lots of glossy promotional material — but the bar staff were the first all night who took the time to chat to us, and Golden Pride (at something like £4.50 a half…) came in suitably swanky brandy snifters. Pints of ESB were in tip-top condition, too, restoring our faith in City cellar-men.

So, a failure and victory all in one.

REFLECTIONS

It might not seem it from the above description, but this was a fun exercise. There was a little enjoyable detective work in locating the renamed Horn, and plenty of interest to see between pubs.

What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

Some pubs on the 1968 crawl, such as the Printers’ Devil on Fetter Lane, have disappeared altogether, becoming offices or shops, and perhaps that offers a clue to where the character of some of the surviving pubs has gone: the diverse trades pushed out of the City in the course of the last forty years have left behind them only a generic kind of ‘office worker’.

Who wants to drink at the Laptop & Blackberry or the Olde Risk Assessor?

_A final tip:_ if you’re tempted to tackle this or a similar crawl, try to reward yourself by finishing at a pub you know is half-decent. The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything related to The Black Friar.

answer: The Black Friar is a flat-iron corner pub in the City of London, which is now run by Nicholson's. It is loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor, though today most of its customers likely come for reasons of convenience. The pub offers a wide range of draught beers including Great Heck Citra. Though the pints were off on our visit, the pub has historically had a clientèle of business, journalists, and printers.

text: The last sentence is confusing to read. Omit it.

refinement: The Black Friar is a flat-iron corner pub in the City of London, which is now run by Nicholson's. It is loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor, though today most of its customers likely come for reasons of convenience. The pub offers a wide range of draught beers including Great Heck Citra.

text: This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

answer: The Black Friar is a flat-iron-shaped pub in central London near Blackfriars. According to the 1968 guide by Tony White and Martin Green, it is popular with businesspeople, journalists, and printers. There is a wide selection of draught beer available, and ladies are welcome. It has quirky art nouveau architecture and decoration, but Ian Nairn didn't like it. However, the pub is now run by chain Nicholson's, and has lost a lot of its character. On our visit, the beer was surprisingly bad.

text: The statement about losing character does not apply to the Black Friar, only to the three other pubs. The beer is not bad either, simply that they no longer served Younger's Scotch Ale.

refinement: The Black Friar is a flat-iron-shaped pub in central London near Blackfriars. According to the 1968 guide by Tony White and Martin Green, it is popular with businesspeople, journalists, and printers. There is a wide selection of draught beer available, and ladies are welcome. It has quirky art nouveau architecture and decoration, but Ian Nairn didn't like it. The pub is now run by chain Nicholson's, and no longer serves Younger's Scotch Ale.

text: This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

answer:
The Black Friar is a beloved the black-iron corner pub that is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s, as of the time of the article (2018). In 1968, it was a favorite of journalists, printers, and businessmen.
As of 2018, the owner of The Black Friar was Nicholson’s.

text:
No indication that the year is 2018.
Last sentence is redundant.

refinement: The Black Friar is a beloved the black-iron corner pub that is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s, as of the time of the article. In 1968, it was a favorite of journalists, printers, and businessmen.

text: This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

answer: It's described as quirky. Its current owners are Nicholson's, while in 1968 its patrons were business, journalists, and printers. It is recommended as there is a wide variety of draught beers, and you're welcome to bring your lady and have coffee anytime.

text: Omit statement regarding bringing "your lady" as this applies to The Horn and not the Black Friar.

refinement: It's described as quirky. Its current owners are Nicholson's, while in 1968 its patrons were business, journalists, and printers. It is recommended as there is a wide variety of draught beers, and you're welcome to bring your lady and have coffee anytime.

text: This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

answer: The Black Friar is a flat-iron corner pub and is much loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and decor. In 1968 it had a clientele of business, journalists, and printers, but in the present there are no printers or journalists. The author notes that it has a wide range of draught beers, and dubs it his favorite bar of the four he visited.

text: This flat-iron corner pub is now run by pub chain Nicholson’s. It is much-loved for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor (though Ian Nairn didn’t like it), though on our visit, most of the drinkers were there, we suspect, for reasons of convenience. Back in ’68, the clientèle was, according to Green and White, ‘business, journalists, printers’. The printers and journalists are gone, but, thanks to Nicholson’s commitment to cask-conditioned beer, there is still a ‘wide range of draught beers’. We enjoyed Great Heck Citra, but wished for the Younger’s Scotch Ale listed in the book.

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Does the author of this document have a favorite of the four pubs listed?

answer: The author does not have a favorite of the four pubs listed.

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: Yes, the Black Friar was the favorite of the author.

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: Based on the document, it's the Black Friar.

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: The Black Friar is rated the author's favorite.

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: Yes, The Black Friar

text: The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is The Horn located?

answer: The Horn is located near Queen Victoria Street.

text:
while the answer is correct, a more precise information is provided

THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

text: One pint down, we took a five minute walk along Queen Victoria Street and then turned left just before the College of Arms.

answer: The Horn is located on Knightrider street in London.

text: THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

answer: The Horn is located on Knightrider Street (aka the Centre Page).

text: The phrasing of the answer makes it seem like The Centre Page is an alternative name for the street and not the pub.

refinement: The Horn (aka the Centre Page) is located on Knightrider Street

text: THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

answer: The Horn is located on Knightrider Street in the City of London.

text: THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

answer: The Horn is located on Knightrider Street.

text: THE HORN, KNIGHTRIDER STREET (AKA THE CENTRE PAGE)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Which pub is the easiest to get to?

answer: The Black Friar at Blackfriars is the easiest to get to. It is located near the Blackfriar's Bridge on Queen Victoria Street just a few minutes walk away from the other pubs. The other three pubs in the passage are further away and can take up to fifteen minutes to walk to.

text: While the easiest location to reach is The Black Friar, the supporting information provided is wrong.

refinement: Black Friars is the easiest to get to. The Horn is a back street pub. Dr. Butler is in an easy-to-miss alleyway. The Hand and Shears were never found by the article writers.

text: Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

answer: The Black Friar and The Butcher's Hook & Cleaver.

text: Black Friar is correct, the Hook and Cleaver is not.

text: THE BLACK FRIAR, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET

answer: That information can't be found specifically, but each pub is between a five and fifteen minute walk from each other. It could be assumed that none of the pubs is hard to get to.

text: Black Friar is easiest to get to as the article provides reasons why the three other pubs are hard to find (Hand and Shears was not found at all)

text: Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next

answer: The Black Friar at Blackfriars. This is the only pub within walking distance of the starting point.

text: The Black Friar is correct. But having it designated as the starting point is not why it is the easiest to get to. The three other pubs mentioned are not as easy to reach.

answer: The Black Friar.

text: THE BLACK FRIAR, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Do any of the pubs offer something unique?

answer: They boast about unique history and atmosphere but the reality of the situation for each situation it lists is subjective based on the clientele at the time of visiting it.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

answer: No, but the Butcher's Hook in Lord's Bridge seems unique from a distance. However, the Cloth Hand and Shears are claimed to include a plate of food and a pint of beer for £4.

text: "What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place."

refinement: None of the pubs offered anything truly unique.

answer: According to the passage, all of the pubs visited had something unique in their histories, though all of them are now lacking that element in the present day. The Black Friar, once a favorite of printers and journalists, is now overrun by people congregating for convenience. The Horn is frequented by businessmen and stock brokers, while Dr. Butler's Head is an unspoiled example of Old London. Only the Black Friar is reasonably unique, though even it has been diminished somewhat by its takeover by a pub chain.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

answer: The author mentions that 3/4 of the pubs were too polished and lacked a sense of real place. It could be assumed that none of the pubs offered anything unique, but the author does mention that The Black Friar is known for its quirky architecture and decor.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

answer: Yes, a couple of the pubs offer something unique, mainly through their history. The Black Friar, or Blackfriar, at Blackfriars remains popular for its quirky art nouveau architecture and décor, even though the clientèle is now mostly there for reasons of convenience. The ODE Dr Butler's Head retains a sense of Old London in a hidden back street between hulking modern buildings.

text: The article clearly stated that none of the pubs stood out. 3/4 of the pubs was mentioned the fourth pub was never found, they settled for another pub.

refinement: None of the pubs offered something unique.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the main point of this document?

answer: The author presents a bespoke pub crawl through central London based on research and reviews of old pub guides. The main point of the document is to highlight the decline of some historic pubs in the City of London due to corporate standards and the disappearance of diverse trades.

text: The writers used a single guide as a basis for this crawl.

refinement: The author presents a bespoke pub crawl through central London based on a guide by Tony White and Martin Green. The main point of the document is to highlight the decline of some historic pubs in the City of London due to corporate standards and the disappearance of diverse trades.

text: we turned, once again, to Tony White and Martin Green and their 1968 _Guide to London Pubs_.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

answer: The author decides to do a pub crawl of four bars in London from a 1968 city pub guide and then reviews them.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week

answer: The document discusses a pub crawl in the City of London and the pubs visited during it. The main point of this document is to describe different pubs and the experiences at each one.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week

answer: It is an overview of a fictitious pub crawl through London, written in 2016.

text: The article does not present itself as a fictitious story. There is no indication of the year of writing.

refinement: It is an overview of a pub crawl through London.

answer: The main point is a restaurant or bar (pub) crawl in the London area conducted by tourist in the City of London.

text: The article clearly states it is a "pub crawl". The writers are not stated to be tourists.

refinement: The main point is a pub crawl in the central London area.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: At the time of this document, the author discusses when he decided to do a pub crawl of four bars in London based off a 1968 London pub guide. He chose and reviewed The Black Friar, The Horn, the Olde Dr Butler’s Head, and the Cloth, Hand, and Shears. The author thought that 3 of the 4 pubs he saw were too polished and lacked a sense of place. He decided the Black Friar was the best of the four.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

text: There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

text: _A final tip:_ if you’re tempted to tackle this or a similar crawl, try to reward yourself by finishing at a pub you know is half-decent. The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: The author includes a table of contents along with a couple pages of introduction. The author travelled to the city of London with a partner to go on a pub crawl. The author recommends a couple pubs and describes the accompanying atmosphere. A few pubs didn't come out to repeat the prior charm of a city's denizens, which bothered the author.

text: The summaries do not seem related to the article.

refinement: At the time of this document, the author discusses when he decided to do a pub crawl of four bars in London based off a 1968 London pub guide. He chose and reviewed The Black Friar, The Horn, the Olde Dr Butler’s Head, and the Cloth, Hand, and Shears. The author thought that 3 of the 4 pubs he saw were too polished and lacked a sense of place. He decided the Black Friar was the best of the four.

answer: This is a tour of four pubs in the City of London, seen through the lens of a 1968 pub guide. City pubs have been impacted by general trends in drinking habits, but visitations to The Black Friar, The Horn, the Olde Dr. Butler's Head, and The Centre Page all reveal lackluster experiences due to corporate takeover and generally poor quality.

text: Lacks 2 more sentences.

refinement: This is a tour of four pubs in the City of London, seen through the lens of a 1968 pub guide. City pubs have been impacted by general trends in drinking habits. The Black Friar, The Horn, the Olde Dr. Butler's Head, and The Centre Page all reveal lackluster experiences due to corporate takeover and generally poor quality. Anyone following this guide should save the Black Friar, which is the best, for last.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

text: There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

text: _A final tip:_ if you’re tempted to tackle this or a similar crawl, try to reward yourself by finishing at a pub you know is half-decent. The Black Friar, we decided, was the best pub of the night, and we should have crawled in reverse order.

answer: For a pub crawl through the City of London, we used a 1970s pub guide by Tony White and Martin Green. We walked from pub to pub, though most were not as charming and distinctive as we had hoped. The highlight was The Black Friar, but the Horn and The Olde Dr Butler's Head suffered from bland corporate makeovers. The crawl ended at Fuller's mega-pub The Butcher's Hook & Cleaver, which had decent cask ales.

text: Having accumulated a nice pile of old pub guides, we decided to use them as inspiration for a pub crawl in the City of London last week.

text: There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

text: As we walked past a Fuller’s mega-pub — The Butcher’s Hook & Cleaver — and saw a full bank of cask ales and Bengal Lancer, London Porter and even Golden Pride on keg, we crumbled. The crawl ended there

answer: The writer attempts a pub crawl recommended by the 1968 "Guide To London Pubs" by Tony White and Martin Green, but is disappointed. The overall quality of the food and drink in some of the pubs is too low. Of the pubs they did visit, they found the Centre Page to have the worst quality food and the Old Dr Butlers Head had the best. Despite the poor quality, the writer says they'd still recommend the city as they enjoyed the walk and did enjoy some of the places they went to.

text: What made us sad (apart from duff pints) was the sense that pub companies and breweries seem to have lost the knack of preserving, or even faking, character: three of the four pubs we visited seemed too polished, too thickly varnished, and lacking a real sense of place.

text: There are 12 pubs recommended under City, and we decided to tackle four: the Black Friar (or Blackfriar) at Blackfriars; the Horn on Knightrider Street; the Olde Dr Butler’s Head; and the Cloth Hand and Shears. Each pub is between five and fifteen minutes walk from the next.

text: Instead, we turned, once again, to Tony White and Martin Green and their 1968 _Guide to London Pubs_


split: train

text:
LIVERPOOL’S JOE ALLEN IS SET TO CAPTAIN WALES TONIGHT IN THEIR FRIENDLY AGAINST NETHERLANDS, JACK LUSBY WRITES HOW THIS IS A COMING OF AGE FOR THE MIDFIELDER.

  Joe Allen will captain @FAWales against Netherlands on Wednesday: http://t.co/lqWae65qKr pic.twitter.com/kmsCuQDzFA

  — BBC Sport Wales (@BBCSportWales) June 1, 2014

Wales manager Chris Coleman takes his charges to the Amsterdam ArenA tonight to take on Louis van Gaal’s Netherlands side as the latter continue to warm up for the World Cup; a mere friendly for most, but for Liverpool’s Joe Allen this will be the most significant of occasions.

With key players Gareth Bale, Aaron Ramsey and Ashley Williams all out of the squad for the fixture, Coleman has selected 24-year-old Allen to captain his side for the first time.

In what is a landmark game for the Liverpool man, Allen’s Wales captaincy marks a coming of age for a previously oft-maligned figure in Brendan Rodgers’ squad.

SEASON WITH LIVERPOOL

On Allen’s credentials with regards to captaining his side, Coleman said “[He’s] established himself at one of the biggest clubs in the Premier League,” as per BBC Sport.

“In the second half of the season he was really, really outstanding. It’s something [captaincy] that I never thought twice about.”

The former Fulham manager’s words underline the slow-burning, impressive season that Allen had under Brendan Rodgers in 2013/14, returning from long-term injury issues to become an important part of the Northern Irishman’s side.

The 24-year-old featured 24 times in the Premier League, scoring one goal—a well worked header against Crystal Palace in their unfortunate 3-3 draw.

Initially regarded as Rodgers’ pass master, Allen has tailored his game to the Reds’ new system of pressing and dominating teams on and off the ball.

Defensively, Allen has become particularly outstanding, with Squawka attributing the Welshman with a 56 percent tackle success rate.

Moreover, the former Swansea City man has developed the confident ability to glide past players with the ball in order to open up play; a 79 percent take on success rate proves this.

With the aforementioned fitness issues limiting Allen’s game time at points in 2013/14, the midfielder became Rodgers’ go-to-guy when looking to edge a close game out late on, and it is these qualities—paired with a defining bravery—that adhered Allen to this role.

[NORWICH, ENGLAND - Sunday, April 20, 2014: Liverpool's Joe Allen in action against Norwich City during the Premiership match at Carrow Road. (Pic by David Rawcliffe/Propaganda)]

BRAVERY

When outlining Allen’s importance to his Wales side, Coleman spoke of the 24-year-old’s bravery as integral to his game plan:

  “I think the way we play Joe is at the heart of that. He’s a very brave player, one of the bravest players I’ve experienced working with in terms of he always wants the ball. It doesn’t matter whether he’s having a good time or a bad time he just keeps going to get the ball and he leads within his play.”

In what has become a surprising facet of his game, Allen has displayed a consistent willingness to take up possession in areas in which some players would baulk at.

This is something that Rodgers echoed upon signing the then-22-year-old from Swansea in 2012, claiming “He wants the ball all the time – he has so much courage to get on the ball and play and I think he’ll fit in really, really well with all the other clever players we already have here.”

Taking the ball, Allen moves play on intelligently and ambitiously.

As per Squawka, 62 percent of the 24-year-old’s passes in the Premier League last season were forward passes; this is more than Jordan Henderson (58.8 percent) and comparable with Philippe Coutinho (63.3 percent).

This willingness to receive the ball, even in dangerous areas, and recycle possession forwards is exactly how Allen “leads within his play,” and how he will be so important to both Wales and Liverpool now and into the future.

[LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND - Sunday, April 27, 2014: Liverpool's Joe Allen in action against Chelsea during the Premiership match at Anfield. (Pic by David Rawcliffe/Propaganda)]

BIG GAME PLAYER

Clearly facing the prospect of a ‘lambs to the slaughter’ situation, with a diminished Wales squad up against a Netherlands squad in full flow, Coleman will need to draw upon Allen’s experience in Liverpool’s title race in order to formulate his game plan.

The 43-year-old said “International football, the way he plays, is for Joe. There’s no opposition that we could play that I think Joe would struggle to make an impact on the game.”

The notion of the midfielder’s ability to impact on any game, regardless of size, could be seen throughout Liverpool’s Premier League challenge as he became a genuine big-game player for Rodgers.

Returning to fitness, Allen was included in the starting XI for the 5-0 away victory over Spurs, the 2-1 losses away to Manchester City and Chelsea in December, March’s 3-0 victory over Manchester United, and the unfortunate 2-0 loss to Chelsea at the season’s end.

None of the respective losses could be blamed on the inclusion of Allen; on the contrary, the Welshman’s vitality in the midfield ensured each were a close encounter till the death.

Coleman will hope to utilise this experience with Allen as captain in order to gain an unlikely result from Van Gaal’s men.

[LONDON, ENGLAND - Monday, May 5, 2014: Liverpool's Joe Allen celebrates scoring the first goal against Crystal Palace during the Premiership match at Selhurst Park. (Pic by David Rawcliffe/Propaganda)]

AMSTERDAM AND BEYOND

In light of Liverpool’s eventual failure to win the Premier League title, Allen is looking to end his season on a positive note:

  “It does help take away some of the hurt of what happened at the end and you always want to end a season on a positive – and captaining your country is a massive moment for anybody.”

Pairing this with his marriage, set for this weekend, a win over the Netherlands tonight would cap an exceptional end to the season for the 24-year-old.

  Photo: Wales' Joe Allen is all smiles as the press ask him about his big week captaining Wales and getting married. pic.twitter.com/YS9Kx04LCZ

  — FA WALES (@FAWales) June 3, 2014

Crystal Palace and Wales midfielder Joe Ledley told BBC Sport “[Allen is] a fantastic player; on the pitch and off the pitch as well…we’re all happy for him to lead us out onto that pitch.”

The key word surrounding Allen’s coming of age captaining Wales is positivity.

It is the positivity, in Allen’s game and within the Wales squad, that will be integral for this game and beyond for both club and country.

HAS JOE ALLEN MATURED AS A PLAYER AT LIVERPOOL? Let us know in the comments below.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was Joe Allen chosen as the captain of his international team?

answer: Joe Allen was chosen as the captain of his international team because he impressed in his Premier League season with Liverpool, possesses consistency and bravery in his playing style, and has proven himself as a big-game player. These qualities make him a natural managerial choice for Wales manager Chris Coleman.

answer: Allen is a 24-year-old who earns his place in the Liverpool FC, a big club in the premier league.

answer: In the absence of the most experienced players, he's the first choice of the manager. This is because he's a leader on the pitch, with bravery in his play and positivity in his attitude.

answer: Joe Allen was chosen as captain of his international team because of the confidence manager Chris Coleman has in him. After an impressive season at Liverpool, Coleman believes that Allen is brave and intelligent on the field—essential qualities in a captain. Proving himself in big-game situations while at Liverpool, the 24-year-old was seen as a natural choice to lead Wales.

answer: Chris Coleman and Brendan Rodgers both recognized him as the right person to wear the captain's armband because they were confident of him when he's on the field confidently leading the game over enemies.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How likely is the Wales team to win against the Netherlands?

answer: Very low.

answer: The Welsh team is missing three key players while the Netherlands squad is in full force. This, combined with the higher amount of talent in the Netherlands squad, implies that Wales' chance of victory is low.

answer: It is unlikely that the Wales team will win against the Netherlands. The squad is depleted due to injury, and the Netherlands are considered to be the better side. Joe Allen is the captain of Wales and this is likely his greatest challenge to date.

answer: The Wales team does not have a great chance of winning against the Netherlands based on the fact that the opposition is in full practice while their forces are diminished. Allen does not have much experience leading a squad, but his brave play combined with his recent success with Liverpool suggest some potential in this match.

answer: There's an 80% chance the Wales team will lose.

text: It is important to take out the percentage in this response because that is an assumption and instead it should be replaced with the word "high".

refinement: There's a high chance the Wales team will lose.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the meaning of being selected as captain to Joe Allen?

answer: Being selected to captain Wales against Netherlands is being given a position of responsibility as a leader for the team. This is a significant honor for the 24-year-old as a culmination of his growing maturity as a player with Liverpool in recent months. With other key players missing for Wales, Coleman's trust in Allen is a validation of his strength and courage both on and off the ball.

answer: The meaning of being selected as captain to Joe Allen is an acknowledgement of Allen's maturity as a player, both within Liverpool and for Wales. The role of captain signifies Allen's status as a leader both on and off the field, as well as a proven and valuable member of both club and country. Allen's ability to maintain positivity and continue playing with vigour in the face of adversity are a testament to his character and leadership qualities which contributed to this selection.

answer: It is a coming of age for the midfielder. The 24-year-old has not only performed well in the field of play but also led in the friendly game that ensued amongst his teammates. He has also improved a great deal tackling and spreading of the balls. Keeping that in mind, the managers decided he is fit and deserving of being a good leader. The fans look up to him as a leader.

answer: Wales manager Chris Coleman selected Joe Allen as captain to lead his team to play Netherlands for the first time.

text: This response does not answer the question being asked and needs to be re-written completely.

refinement: The meaning of being selected as captain to Joe Allen is an acknowledgement of Allen's maturity as a player, both within Liverpool and for Wales. The role of captain signifies Allen's status as a leader both on and off the field, as well as a proven and valuable member of both club and country. Allen's ability to maintain positivity and continue playing with vigour in the face of adversity are a testament to his character and leadership qualities which contributed to this selection.

answer: In a season where his team couldn't win the league, captaining his team for the first time at 24-years-old is a positive mark to the end of the season.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the qualities of Joe Allen on the football pitch?

answer: Joe Allen is Brendan Rodgers' go-to-guy, when looking to edge a close game, and he grips the ball well, keeps possession, makes forward passes and contributes defensively. He's also got the ability to play against anyone.

answer: Joe Allen has developed into an outstanding midfielder thanks to his courage and willingness to take up possession in dangerous areas of the pitch. These qualities make Allen a big-game player and reliable squad member.

answer: Brave, and wanting the ball on every play.

text: More can be added to this response to make it reflect what has been stated in the passage.

refinement: Joe Allen has developed into an outstanding midfielder thanks to his courage and willingness to take up possession in dangerous areas of the pitch. He is brave and always wants the ball. These qualities make Allen a big-game player and reliable squad member.

answer: Joe Allen is confident, brave, and able to efficiently use possession to move play forwards both offensively and defensively. Allen's significant minutes for Liverpool in 2013/14 and his recent successful captaincy of Wales demonstrate not only these abilities but also his quality in performing in important games.

answer: He is a great midfielder who always wants the ball and leads the play toward scoring. Allen is also great at defending and going past his opponents.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer:
Joe Allen is appointed to captain Wales for their friendly against Netherlands.
Joe Allen was appointed specifically for his skills on an attacking midfielder who can create plays and has a high success rate tackling and taking possesion from the ball.

Goalie Adam Davies says they are all happy to have someone who can lead us into the pitch against Netherlands and that Joe's career and positivity is key to this friendly against Netherlands.

answer: Joe Allen will captain Wales against Netherlands on Wednesday, marking a coming of age for the Liverpool midfielder. With Gareth Bale, Aaron Ramsey, and Ashley Williams all absent, Allen has been selected as captain for the game. With his outstanding performance this season for Liverpool, Allen has proven himself to be an experienced and brave player, which are important qualities for leading a team to victory. The result of the friendly is up in the air, but Allen will be looking to end the season on a positive note.

answer: Liverpool's Joe Allen is selected to be the captain against the Netherlands. In the absence of three key players, the 24-year-old will captain his team against a Netherlands squad in full force. Allen's trademark is his bravery in always wanting the ball and playing positively. He's also a great defensive asset who can go past his opponents.

answer: Photo: Wales' Joe Allen is all smiles as the press ask him about his big week captaining Wales and getting married.The 24-year-old midfielder is the coming of age in many respects. This is the first time he will serve as captain for Wales. He has made a great comeback to the pitch despite having undergone major surgery. Joe Ledley says "He's a fantastic player; on the pitch and off as well...we're all happy for him to lead us onto the pitch."

text: This summary needs to be re-written as it does not reflect what the passage states.

refinement: Liverpool's Joe Allen is selected to be the captain against the Netherlands. In the absence of three key players, the 24-year-old will captain his team against a Netherlands squad in full force. Allen's trademark is his bravery in always wanting the ball and playing positively. He's also a great defensive asset who can go past his opponents.

answer: Joe Allen will captain Wales against Netherlands on Wednesday night. This marks the coming of age for the 24-year-old midfielder, who led Liverpool during the Premier League campaign. Allen has become a dependable figure through his bravery and game awareness, and will be important for both club and country moving forward.


text:
DOSUNMU (c.1823 – 1885), referred to in British documents as DOCEMO, reigned as Oba of Lagos from 1853, when he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye,[1] until his own death in 1885.[2] He was forced to cede Lagos to Britain under the threat of force in August 1861.

Accession

Dosunmu's accession to the throne broke with tradition in that he was appointed Oba by British Consul to Lagos Benjamin Campbell following Britain's intervention in Lagos affairs following the Reduction of Lagos in December 1851. Campbell had learned about Oba Akitoye's death on September 2, 1853 from CMS agent C.C. Gollmer but withheld this information from the paramount chiefs, instead inquiring from them who Akitoye's heir should be. In unison, the chiefs agreed that Dosunmu was the rightful heir and only then did Campbell relay the news of Akitoye's death to them. Campbell then informed Dosunmu about his accession to the Obaship followed by hasty accession ceremonies at the palace. The next day, Dosunmu was officially recognized as Oba of Lagos and received a 21-gun salute from the Royal Navy.[3]

Rivalry with Kosoko

Dosunmu inherited the “Kosoko” problem from his father (Akitoye) in that Kosoko had established an independent base in Epe with about 400 warriors (including Oshodi Tapa) and from where he destabilized Lagos with multiple attacks that came dangerously close to Akitoye. While Kosoko eventually signed The Treaty of Epe on September 28, 1854 with Consul Benjamin Campbell, agreeing not to make any claims to Lagos or to endanger commerce in Lagos. The treaty was a tactical success for Kosoko who got the British to recognize his state in Epe. In the big picture, however, the Lagos throne remained out of reach with Akitoye and Dosunmu's descendants firmly rooted.

The Kosoko-Akitoye/Dosunmu rivalry spilled over to the economic realm. Oba Dosunmu's supporters didn't fully appreciate the British presence in Lagos after annexation in 1861 while Kosoko's allies exploited the relationship. Furthermore, according to terms of an agreement reached with 1854, Dosunmu relinquished trading rights for custom duties, which he was later forced to relinquish according to terms of the 1861 Treaty for a pension of £1,000 annually.[4] Consequently, the Oba's wealth declined while Kosoko and his allies, under no such trading restrictions, flourished.

Kosoko's camp comprised men such as Oshodi Tapa and Taiwo Olowo who entered trade enthusiastically with European firms. At the head of the Dosunmu economic faction was Chief Apena Ajasa who repeatedly clashed with Taiwo Olowo. When Kosoko died the colonial government estimated that his economic faction was the more powerful one with at least 20,000 followers.[5]

Ceding Lagos to Britain in 1861 under threat of force

Following threats from Kosoko and the French who were positioned at Wydah, a decision was made by Lord Palmerston (British Prime Minister) who noted “the expediency of losing no time in assuming the formal Protectorate of Lagos”.[6] William McCoskry, the Acting Consul in Lagos with Commander Bedingfield convened a meeting with Oba Dosunmu on July 30, 1861 aboard _HMS Prometheus_ where Britain's intent was explained and a response to the terms were required by August 1861. Dosunmu resisted the terms of the treaty but under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession.[7]

Clash with Governor Glover

Some French firms who had lost their trade concessions made overtures to Dosunmu, sensing his disgruntlement with the British presence in Lagos, promising him assistance for revolting against Governor John Hawley Glover. Glover put down the attempt, fined Dosunmu £50, and suspended his stipend for 4 months.[8] Dosunmu was not pleased and felt Glover used Kosoko to spite him. Dosunmu's position was merited as Glover enjoyed a very close friendship with Kosoko allies such as Oshodi Tapa whom Glover consulted before pursuing public projects[9] and Taiwo Olowo whom Glover had encouraged to pursue trading with the firm of Messrs G.L. Gaiser.[10]

Death and legacy

Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I.[11]

A prominent descendant of his is Oloye Abiola Dosunmu, the Erelu Kuti of Lagos.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Dosunmu

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who did Dosunmu succeed?

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye.

text: "he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye" is evidence Dosunmu succeeded his father Oba Akitoye

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye.

text: "he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye" is evidence Dosunmu succeeded his father Oba Akitoye

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye.

text: "he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye" is evidence Dosunmu succeeded his father Oba Akitoye

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye, on the Lagos throne.

text: "he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye" is evidence Dosunmu succeeded his father Oba Akitoye

answer: Dosunmu succeeded his father, Oba Akitoye.

text: "he succeeded his father Oba Akitoye" is evidence Dosunmu succeeded his father Oba Akitoye

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Kosoko?

answer: unknown

text: It misses to mention that Kosoko was a rival to oba Dosunmu and Akitoye and leader of Epe.

refinement: Kosko was a rival to Oba Dosunmu and Akitoye of Lagos

answer: Kosoko was a rival to Oba Dosunmu of Lagos who sought trading rights and territory befitting a rival Oba. Kosoko was also friendly with Governor John Hawley Glover which angered Dosunmu who felt Glover used Kosoko to spite him. Kosoko attempted to aid a revolt against Glover but the attempt was put down. Dosunmu's death in 1885 left Kosoko's legacy intact.

text: Extra details distracts from the question.

refinement: Kosoko was a rival to Oba Dosunmu of Lagos who sought trading rights and territory befitting a rival Oba.

answer: Unsure. Kosoko seems to be the leader of the state of Epe, which is near Lagos. There seems to be some sort of military and economic conflict and rivalry between Kosoko and Donsunmu.

answer: Kosoko had established an independent state that destabilized Lagos with multiple attacks that came dangerously close to Akitoye.

answer: Kosoko was a rival of Oba Dosunmu. Kosoko died in 1885 and was succeeded by Oba Oyekan I.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did Dosunmu cede Lagos to the British?

answer: The British warned him their intervention would mean violence against the people of Lagos and he had no choice but to sign the treaty.

text: "under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession" is evidence that oba Dosunmu cedes Lagos to the British under the threat of violence.

answer: Because of the threats from Kosoko and the French, British leaders held a meeting with Dosunmu to assume control of Lagos. Donsunmu wanted to resist the terms of the treaty, but the British forces threatened to attack Lagos, causing Donsunmu to sign the treaty and cede Lagos.

text: "under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession" is evidence that oba Dosunmu cedes Lagos to the British under the threat of violence by British forces.

answer: Dosunmu ceded Lagos to the British out of fear of military retaliation after initially resisting their terms. Consul Benjamin Campbell told Dosunmu of his father's death and warned him that Commander Bedingfield had been instructed to use violence against Lagos if need be if Dosunmu did not agree to the terms of the Lagos Treaty of Cession.

text: "under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession" is evidence that oba Dosunmu cedes Lagos to the British under the threat of violence by British forces.

answer: Dosunmu ceded Lagos to the British under the threat of violence. Lord Palmerston was motivated to take control of Lagos because ally Kosoko had been destabilizing the area, while Dosunmu's faction was less powerful than that of Kosoko's. Under the threat of force, Dosunmu signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861.

text: "under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession" is evidence that oba Dosunmu cedes Lagos to the British under the threat of violence by British forces.

answer: He was forced to under the threat of force.

text: "under the threat to unleash violence on Lagos by Commander Bedingfield, Dosunmu relented and signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession" is evidence that oba Dosunmu cedes Lagos to the British under the threat of violence by British forces.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who succeeded Dosunmu?

answer: Oyekan I.

text: "Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I" is evidence that Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu

answer: Donsunmu's son, Oba Oyekan, succeeded him when he died in 1885.

text: "Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I" is evidence that Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu

answer: Oba Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu.

text: "Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I" is evidence that Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu

answer: Dosunmu was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I.

text: "Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I" is evidence that Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu

answer: His son Oba Oyekan I.

text: "Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I" is evidence that Oyekan I succeeded Dosunmu

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the reign of Oba Dosunmu, a Nigerian monarch who ruled from 1853 to 1885. King Dosunmu repressed political dissent under the threat of violence from British forces. Many of his economic choices were ill-advised and in large part, created the chaos that would continue to plague Nigeria until the republic was proclaimed in 1963.

text: Dosunmu is described as Oba of Lagos and there's no mention of Nigeria.

refinement: This article describes the reign of Oba Dosunmu, leader of Lagos who ruled from 1853 to 1885. King Dosunmu repressed political dissent under the threat of violence from British forces. Many of his economic choices were ill-advised and in large part, created the chaos that would continue to plague Nigeria until the republic was proclaimed in 1963.

text: There is no mention of Nigeria nor when it was proclaimed.

refinement: This article describes the reign of Oba Dosunmu, leader of Lagos who ruled from 1853 to 1885. King Dosunmu repressed political dissent under the threat of violence from British forces. Many of his economic choices were ill-advised and in large part, created the chaos that would continue to plague Lagos.

text: It misses to mention the rivalry with Kosoko who that spilled over to the economic realm.

refinement: This article describes the reign of Oba Dosunmu, leader of Lagos who ruled from 1853 to 1885. King Dosunmu repressed political dissent under the threat of violence from British forces. The Kosoko-Akitoye/Dosunmu rivalry spilled over to the economic realm.

answer: Dosunmu was chosen by British Consul Benjamin Campbell to succeed his father Oba Akitoye, following British intervention in Lagos affairs in 1853. Under threat of violence, Dosunmu eventually ceded Lagos to Britain in 1861. He died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son. His descendant, Oloye Abiola Dosunmu, is the Erelu Kuti of Lagos.

text: Extra detail in the summary exceed the targeted summary length.

refinement: Dosunmu was chosen by British Consul Benjamin Campbell to succeed his father Oba Akitoye, following British intervention in Lagos affairs in 1853. Under threat of violence, Dosunmu eventually ceded Lagos to Britain in 1861. He died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son.

answer: This article details the life of Dosunmu, Oba of Lagos from 1853 to his death in 1885. He was forced to cede Lagos to British forces in 1861. Donsunmu was succeeded by Oba Oyekan.

answer: Dosunmu was the Oba of Lagos from 1853 to 1885. He was forced to cede Lagos to Britain in 1860 and received a £1,000 yearly pension afterward. His son Oba Oyekan I succeeded him.

text: It inaccurately mentions that he ceded Lagos to Britain in 1860, however it was 1861.

refinement: Dosunmu was the Oba of Lagos from 1853 to 1885. He was forced to cede Lagos to Britain in 1861 and received a £1,000 yearly pension afterward. His son Oba Oyekan I succeeded him.

text: It misses to specify that the pension received was due to to the terms of a treaty where Dosunmu was forced to relinquish trading rights.

refinement: Dosunmu was the Oba of Lagos from 1853 to 1885. He was forced to cede Lagos to Britain in 1861 and received a £1,000 yearly pension afterward due to the terms of the treaty where he was forced to relinquish trading rights. His son Oba Oyekan I succeeded him.

answer: Dosunmu became Oba of Lagos in 1853 after being appointed by British Consul Benjamin Campbell. This break with tradition led to conflict in the economic and political realms as Kosoko proved to be a formidable rival. Under threat of British force, he signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861, ceding Lagos to Britain. Dosunmu died in 1885 and was succeeded by his son Oba Oyekan I. One of Dosunmu's descendants is current Erelu Kuti of Lagos.

text: Extra detail in the summary exceed the targeted summary length.

refinement: Dosunmu became Oba of Lagos in 1853 after being appointed by British Consul Benjamin Campbell. This break with tradition led to conflict in the economic and political realms as Kosoko proved to be a formidable rival. Under threat of British force, he signed the Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861, ceding Lagos to Britain.


text:
LUIS SARRIA was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman.[1][2][3][4] He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.[5]

Career

Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career. Prior to working with Ali, Sarria had worked with several prominent boxers including Luis Manuel Rodríguez, Florentino Fernández, Angel Robinson Garcia, and almost all boxers trained by Angelo Dundee up till then.[6][7]

Ferdie Pacheco called Sarria “the dean of masseurs”, and a “guru of fitness.”[8] According to Pacheco, Ali had handed over his body, and consequently his health and career, to Sarria.[9] In an interview with _Sports Illustrated_, Angelo Dundee expressed his appreciation for Sarria's professional competence which, according to Dundee, resulted in enhancing Ali's physical fitness and “added years to Ali's boxing life.”[10] According to Gary Smith, it was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.[11]

Commenting on the times when he was a part of Ali's entourage, Sarria had observed:

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

title: Luis Sarria

question: How was Luis Sarria related to Muhammad Ali?

answer: He was a member of Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career.

answer: Luis Sarria was Ali's trainer and cutman.

text: It is omitted that he was also Ali's massuer.

refinement: Luis Sarria was Ali's trainer, massuer, and cutman.

answer: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman.

text: The answer does not mention how he was related to Ali.

refinement: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. He was a member of Ali's entourage.

answer: Luis Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career. According to Pacheco, Ali had handed over his body, and consequently his health and career, to Sarria.

question: What was widely believed about Sarria according to Angelo Dundee?

answer: According to Angelo Dundee, it was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

text: It is incorrectly stated that Dundee believed Sarria's fingers could dissolve fat on Ali's body. It was Gary Smith who believed this.

refinement: According to Angelo Dundee, Sarria's professional competence enhanced Ali's physical fitness and added years to his boxing life.

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

text: It is incorrectly stated that Dundee believed Sarria's fingers could dissolve fat on Ali's body. It was Gary Smith who believed this.

refinement: It was widely believed that Sarria's professional competence added years to Ali's boxing career and enhanced his physical fitness.

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

text: It is incorrectly stated that Dundee believed Sarria's fingers could dissolve fat on Ali's body. It was Gary Smith who believed this.

refinement: It was widely believed that Sarria's professional competence enhanced Ali's physical fitness and added years to his boxing career.

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's professional competence added years to Ali's boxing life.

question: What was widely believed about Sarria according to Gary Smith?

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

answer: According to Gary Smith, it was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

answer: It was widely believed that Sarria's fingers were able to dissolve fat on Ali's body.

question: Where was Sarria from?

answer: According to the passage, Sarria was born in Cumanayagua, Cuba.

answer: He was born in Cuba and lived in the US.

answer: Cuba.

answer: Cumanayagua, Cuba

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer and trainer who was a part of Muhammad Ali's entourage for most of his career. Sarria was known as a "guru of fitness" and was credited with helping to keep Ali in top physical condition.

text: It is omitted that he was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

refinement: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer and trainer who was a part of Muhammad Ali's entourage for most of his career. Sarria was known as a "guru of fitness" and was credited with helping to keep Ali in top physical condition. Sarria was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

text: "Sarria's professional competence which, according to Dundee, resulted in enhancing Ali's physical fitness and added years to Ali's boxing life." This is evidence that Sarria was a part of Ali's entourage.

answer: Luis Sarria (1911-1991) was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. Sarria was a member of Muhammad Ali's entourage for almost the entire duration of Ali's career.  He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

answer: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

text: It is omitted that he was a member of Muhammed Ali's entourage for almost the whole of Ali's career.

refinement: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. Sarria was a member of Muhammed Ali's entourage for almost the whole of Ali's career. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

answer: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.

text: It is omitted that he was a member of Muhammed Ali's entourage for almost the whole of Ali's career.

refinement: Luis Sarria was a Cuban-American boxer who went on to become a trainer, masseur, and cutman. He was born on October 29, 1911 in Cumanayagua, Cuba, and died on November 19, 1991. Sarria was a member of Muhammed Ali's entourage for almost the whole of Ali's career. He was posthumously inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.


text:
JOAN OF ARMAGNAC (French: _Jeanne d'Armagnac_; 24 June 1346 – 1387) was a French noblewoman of the Armagnac family, being the eldest daughter of Count John I of Armagnac and his wife Beatrice of Clermont. She became Duchess of Berry by her marriage to John, Duke of Berry in 1360.

Marriage and issue

She married John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France and his first wife Bonne of Bohemia. Joanna and John had five children:

-   Charles of Berry, Count of Montpensier (1362–1382)
-   John de Valois, Count of Montpensier, (1363–1402), married Princess Catherine of France, daughter of Charles V, King of France
-   Louis of Berry (1364–1383)
-   Bonne of Berry (1365–1435), married Amadeus VII of Savoy and Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
-   Marie of Berry, Duchess of Auvergne (1367–1434), married: 1) Louis III of Châtillon, 2) Philip of Artois, Count of Eu; 3) John I, Duke of Bourbon

Her daughter, Marie was the mother of Bonne of Artois, second wife to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Joanna's daughter, also called Bonne, was the mother of Antipope Felix V.

title: Joan of Armagnac

question: Who were Joan's parents?

answer: Joan was the daughter of Count John I of Armagnac and his wife Beatrice of Clermont.

answer: Joan's parents were John I of Armagnac and Beatrice of Clermont.

answer: Joan's parents were Count John I of Armagnac and his wife Beatrice of Clermont.

answer: Joan's parents were John I of Armagnac and Beatrice of Clermont.

question: Who did Joan marry?

answer: Joan married John, Duke of Berry.

answer: Joan married John, Duke of Berry.

answer: Joan married John, the Duke of Berry.

answer: Joan married John, Duke of Berry.

question: How many children did she have with John?

answer: Joanna had five children with John, Duke of Berry. These children were Charles, John, Louis, Bonne, and Marie.

answer: She had five children with John.

answer: Joan and John had five children.

answer: Five.

question: When was Joan born?

answer: 24 June 1346.

answer: Joan was born on June 24th, 1346.

answer: Joan was born on June 24, 1346.

answer: Joan was born on June 24, 1346.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman. She was the eldest daughter of Count John I of Armagnac and his wife Beatrice of Clermont. She married John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France and his first wife Bonne of Bohemia. They had five children.

answer: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman who married John, Duke of Berry in 1360. They had five children, including Marie of Berry, who married into the royal family of Burgundy.

text: Marie did not marry into the family of Burgundy, her daughter did

refinement: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman who married John, Duke of Berry in 1360. They had five children, including Marie of Berry, whose daughter Bonne of Artois married into the royal family of Burgundy.

answer:
Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman. She became a Duchess of Berry after her marriage to John, the Duke of Berry. This was John's second marriage, he was already married to Bonne of Bohemia.

Joan and John had five children.

text: The article does not indicate John was married before; Bonne was the first wife of his father

refinement: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman. She became a Duchess of Berry after her marriage to John, the Duke of Berry. Joan and John had five children.

answer: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman who married John, Duke of Berry. They had five children together.

text: Could include a few more details

refinement: Joan of Armagnac was a French noblewoman who was born in 1346 to Count John I of Armagnac and Beatrice of Clermont and who married John, Duke of Berry. They had five children together.


text:
The 2016 BIG TEN CONFERENCE MEN'S SOCCER TOURNAMENT was the 26th edition of the tournament. It determined the Big Ten Conference's automatic berth into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Maryland entered the tournament as the defending champions.

The top-seeded Maryland Terrapins won the Big Ten title for a third consecutive year, defeating the third-seed, Wisconsin in the championship match, 2–1. Maryland's D. J. Reeves opened the scoring 90 seconds into the match, while Wisconsin's Tom Barlow tied the game in the 12th minute. Shortly before halftime, Maryland's Sebastian Elney headed in a Jorge Calix cross to give Maryland the 2–1 lead, which would prove to be the final scoreline. It was the first time since Indiana accomplished the feat in 1996, that a team won three consecutive Big Ten tournaments.

The tournament for the first time in its history was not hosted by a university in the conference. Instead, the quarterfinal matches were played at the campus sites of the higher seed, while the semifinal and championship fixtures were played at the Grand Park Sports Complex in Westfield, Indiana, about 10 miles north of downtown Indianapolis.

Seeds

The top four teams participate in the tournament. The seeding is based on the program's conference record during the 2016 Big Ten Conference season.[1]

  Seed   School           Conference   Tiebreaker
  ------ ---------------- ------------ ------------
  1      Maryland         7–0–1
  2      Indiana          3–0–5
  3      Wisconsin        4–2–2
  4      Michigan State   4–3–1
  5      Penn State       4–4
  6      Ohio State       3–4–1        OSU 1–0[2]
  7      Northwestern     3–4–1        NWU 0–1
  8      Michigan         1–6–1
  9      Rutgers          0–6–2

Bracket

Results

First round

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Final

[1]

[2]

title: 2016 Big Ten Men's Soccer Tournament

question: Who won the 2015 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament?

answer: The Maryland Terrapins won the 2015 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament.

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: The 2015 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament was won by Indiana.

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Maryland Terrapins

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Maryland Terrapins.

text: That information cannot be found.

question: Who won the 2014 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament?

answer: Maryland Terrapins

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Maryland Terrapins.

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Indiana

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: The Maryland Terrapins won the 2014 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament.

text: That information cannot be found.

question: Who won the 1994 and 1995 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournaments?

answer: Indiana won both the 1994 and 1995 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournaments.

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Indiana

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Indiana.

text: That information cannot be found.

answer: Indiana

text: That information cannot be found.

question: Who scored Maryland's goals?

answer: D. J. Reeves and Sebastian Elney

answer: Sebastian Elney scored both of Maryland's goals in the championship match.

text: Missing one name here.

refinement: D.J. Reeves, and Sebastian Elney scored both of Maryland's goals in the championship match.

answer: D. J. Reeves and Sebastian Elney

answer: D. J. Reeves and Sebastian Elney.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The 2016 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament was the 26th edition of the tournament. Maryland entered as defending champions and emerged victorious for the third year in a row, a feat previously accomplished by Indiana in 1996. The tournament wasn't hosted by a university in the conference for the first time. The quarter-final matches were played at the campus sites of the higher-seeded team while the semi-final and final matches were played at the Grand Park Sports Complex in Westfield, Indiana.

answer: The 2016 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament was the 26th edition of the tournament. It determined the Big Ten Conference's automatic berth into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Maryland entered the tournament as the defending champions. The top-seeded Maryland Terrapins won the Big Ten title for a third consecutive year, defeating the third-seed, Wisconsin in the championship match, 2-1. Maryland's D. J. Reeves opened the scoring 90 seconds into the match, while Wisconsin's Tom Barlow tied the game in the 12th minute. Shortly before halftime, Maryland's Sebastian Elney headed in a Jorge Calix cross to give Maryland the 2-1 lead, which would prove to be the final scoreline.

answer: The 2016 Big Ten Men's Soccer Tournament was the 26th edition of the tournament. It determined the Big Ten Conference's automatic berth into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Maryland entered the tournament as the defending champions. The top-seeded Maryland Terrapins won the Big Ten title for a third consecutive year, defeating the third-seed, Wisconsin in the championship match, 2–1. Maryland's D. J. Reeves opened the scoring 90 seconds into the match, while Wisconsin's Tom Barlow tied the game in the 12th minute. Shortly before halftime, Maryland's Sebastian Elney headed in a Jorge Calix cross to give Maryland the 2–1 lead, which would prove to be the final scoreline. It was the first time since Indiana accomplished the feat in 1996, that a team won three consecutive Big Ten tournaments.

answer: The 2016 Big Ten Men's Soccer Tournament was held in Westfield, Indiana, and saw Maryland emerge as the champions, defeating Wisconsin 2-1 in the final. This was the third consecutive year that the Terrapins won the tournament.


text:
[Father Augustine Francis Hewit, CSP]

AUGUSTINE FRANCIS HEWIT (Fairfield, Connecticut, U.S.A., 27 November 1820 – New York, 3 July 1897) was an American Redemptorist priest, and second Superior General of the Paulist Fathers.

Life

His father was Rev. Nathaniel Hewit, D.D., a prominent Congregationalist minister; and his mother, Rebecca Hillhouse Hewit, was a daughter of James Hillhouse, United States Senator from Connecticut. He was educated at the Fairfield public school, Phillips Andover Academy, and Amherst College, from which he was graduated in 1839.

Brought up a Protestant, he was a convinced Christian only after graduation. Shortly after his conversion he began the study of theology at the Congregationalist seminary at East Windsor, Connecticut. Scarcely had he finished its prescribed course and been licensed to preach, he entered the Episcopal Church. The Oxford Movement in that Church had already extended to America, and Hewit became one of its most ardent followers. He received the Anglican order of deacon in 1844, but with the expressed condition that he might interpret the Thirty-nine Articles in the sense of _Tract 90_. The conversion of John Henry Newman in 1845 gradually unsettled his belief in the validity of the claims of Anglicanism, and he was received into the Roman Catholic Church, 25 March 1846. He then studied Catholic theology privately under the direction of Patrick N. Lynch, afterwards Bishop of Charleston, and James A. Corcoran, subsequently professor at Overbrook Seminary, Philadelphia. He was ordained priest on the first anniversary of his profession of the faith by Ignatius A. Reynolds, Bishop of Charleston. He then became a teacher in a collegiate institute founded by Bishop England at Charleston, and assisted Bishop Reynolds in the compilation of Bishop England's works for publication. This occupation called him to Baltimore and Philadelphia, where he resided with Bishop Francis Kenrick and became acquainted with John Nepomucen Neumann. Here he was attracted to the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, which he entered in 1849. He made his religious profession 28 November 1850.

As a Redemptorist he laboured principally on missions with Fathers Isaac Hecker, Clarence A. Walworth, Francis A. Baker, and George Deshon, until with them he was dispensed from his religious vows by a decree of the Roman Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, 6 March 1858. Under the leadership of Father Hecker all of these priests immediately formed the Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle (Paulist Fathers) in New York, with a rule enjoining poverty and obedience with the obligations of the vows.

Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws of this new institute, which aimed to satisfy the aspirations of clerics who desire to lead an apostolic and religious life in community without assuming the canonical responsibilities of the religious state, strictly so called. As a Paulist, Father Hewit did parish and mission work, and established and managed _The Catholic World_ magazine.

On the death of Father Hecker (1888), Hewit was almost unanimously chosen superior general of the institute and held this office until his death. One of his first acts as superior was to pledge the Paulist community to support the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. St. Thomas College for the education of candidates of the institute was accordingly opened in one of the university buildings in 1889. Under his direction, Rev. Walter Elliott, C.S.P., gave the first regular missions to non-Catholics in the United States, and a new foundation of the institute was established in San Francisco.

Works

He was a prolific writer, for twenty years was one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the United States. In this field he was orthodox, noted for his loyalties to the _magisterium_ of the Church and his agreement with the opinions of the most approved theologians. He wrote nothing that could be styled original; he simply aimed to explain and popularize the teaching of the doctors and saints of the Church.

Most of his articles were published in “The Catholic World” and “The American Catholic Quarterly Review”; a few of them are in a volume entitled “Problems of the Age with Studies in St. Augustine on Kindred Topics”. His most popular book was “The Life of Rev. Francis A. Baker”, one of his companions, who died in 1865.

title: Augustine Francis Hewit

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Augustine Francis Hewit's life as a priest.

answer: Father Augustine Francis Hewit was an American Redemptorist priest and second Superior General of the Paulist Fathers. He was raised a Protestant, converted to Catholicism in 1846, and founded the Paulist Fathers with other priests in 1858. He wrote primarily on Catholicism and worked in parish and mission work. On the death of Father Hecker in 1888, Hewit was chosen as Superior General. Under his leadership, Walter Elliott gave missions to non-Catholics and a new foundation was established in San Francisco.

answer: Augustine Francis Hewit grew up Protestant and it wasn't until after graduation did he convert to Christianity. He was later received into the Roman Catholic Church and studied theology and ordained priest. Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws aimed at clerics who desired to lead an apostolic and religious life in community. He also led mission work and established The Catholic World magazine. For twenty years, he was a prolific writer and one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the US.

text: "ordained" - add "was an"

refinement: Augustine Francis Hewit grew up Protestant and it wasn't until after graduation did he convert to Christianity. He was later received into the Roman Catholic Church and studied theology and was an ordained priest. Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws aimed at clerics who desired to lead an apostolic and religious life in community. He also led mission work and established The Catholic World magazine. For twenty years, he was a prolific writer and one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the US.

text: "community" - add "the"

refinement: Augustine Francis Hewit grew up Protestant and it wasn't until after graduation did he convert to Christianity. He was later received into the Roman Catholic Church and studied theology and was an ordained priest. Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws aimed at clerics who desired to lead an apostolic and religious life in the community. He also led mission work and established The Catholic World magazine. For twenty years, he was a prolific writer and one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the US.

text: This part of the response needs to mention what group Hewit and the other priests founded.

refinement: Augustine Francis Hewit grew up Protestant and it wasn't until after graduation did he convert to Christianity. He was later received into the Roman Catholic Church and studied theology and was an ordained priest. After forming the Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle (Paulist Fathers) in New York with other priests, Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws aimed at clerics who desired to lead an apostolic and religious life in the community. He also led mission work and established The Catholic World magazine. For twenty years, he was a prolific writer and one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the US.

text: Add the part where he became the second Superior General of the Paulist Fathers.

refinement: Augustine Francis Hewit grew up Protestant and it wasn't until after graduation did he convert to Christianity. He was later received into the Roman Catholic Church and studied theology and was an ordained priest. After forming the Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle (Paulist Fathers) in New York with other priests, Hewit was chosen to draft the first constitution and laws aimed at clerics who desired to lead an apostolic and religious life in the community. When the first Superior General of the Paulist Fathers died in 1888, Hewit was almost unanimously chosen to take his place and held the office until his own death in 1897. He also led mission work and established The Catholic World magazine. For twenty years, he was a prolific writer and one of the foremost Catholic apologists in the US.

answer: Father Hewit was raised Protestant but became convinced of his Christian faith after attending the Episcopal school in East Windsor, Connecticut. He converted to Catholicism shortly thereafter and studied theology privately under the direction of bishops Patrick N. Lynch and James A. Corcoran. He was ordained a priest in 1846 and became a teacher in a college institute founded by Bishop England. He entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer in 1849, but was dispensed from his religious vows in 1858. He was chosen as Superior General of the Paulist Fathers in 1888, and during his tenure worked to establish a foundation in San Francisco as well as supporting the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

answer: They initially were Christians after their conversion, studied theology at East Windsor, Connecticut, entered the Episcopal Church, was received into the Roman Catholic Church, took on the job of teacher in a collegiate institute, entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, and continued on to be a journalist and writer.

text: "They" - "singular they" isn't necessary here because Father Hewit is clearly male. Replace with his complete name and correct everything else (were, their, etc)

refinement: Father Augustine Francis Hewit, CSP was initially a Christian after his conversion, studied theology at East Windsor, Connecticut, entered the Episcopal Church, was received into the Roman Catholic Church, took on the job of teacher in a collegiate institute, entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, and continued on to be a journalist and writer.

text: "teacher" - add "a"

refinement: Father Augustine Francis Hewit, CSP was initially a Christian after his conversion, studied theology at East Windsor, Connecticut, entered the Episcopal Church, was received into the Roman Catholic Church, took on the job of a teacher in a collegiate institute, entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, and continued on to be a journalist and writer.

answer: Hewit was ordained as a priest in 1846. After that, he worked on a community magazine, The Catholic World. He was part of the Paulist Fathers, a Catholic community for priests who wish to do charity and community work. After the death of Father Hecker, Hewit was chosen as the superior general of Paulist Fathers.


text:
The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE (_OLIGODON TRILINEATUS_) is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.

Geographic range

The snake is found in Indonesia. Specifically, it is widespread in the mainland and islands of Sumatra.[1]

[1]

title: Three-lined kukri snake

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the scientific name of the three-lined kukri snake?

answer: The scientific name of the three-lined kukri snake is Oligodon Trilineatus.

answer: The scientific name of the three-lined kukri snake is Oligodon Trilineatus.

answer: The scientific name of the three-lined kukri snake is Oligodon Trilineatus.

answer: The scientific name of the three-lined kukri snake is Oligodon trilineatus.

answer: The three-lined kukri snake is _Oligodon trilineatus_.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What family does this species of snake belong to?

answer: The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE belongs to the family Colubridae.

answer: The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE belongs to the family Colubridae.

answer: Colubridae.

answer: Colubridae

answer: It belongs to the family, Colubridae.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is this species of snake found?

answer: The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE is found in Indonesia.

answer: The three-lined kukri snake is found in Indonesia.

answer: It is found in Indonesia, specifically in the mainland and islands of Sumatra.

answer: It is widespread in the mainland and islands in Sumater.

text: There is a spelling error in the answer.

refinement: It is widespread in the mainland and islands in Sumatra.

answer: This species of snake is found in Indonesia.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the genetic name of the snake addressed in the article?

answer: The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE is the Oligodon trilineatus.

answer: The article does not make the genetic name of the snake address.

text: The answer can be found in the passage.

answer: Oligodon trilineatus

answer: The three-lined kukri snake (Oligodon trilineatus).

answer: The genetic name of the snake being addressed is the three-lined kukri snake.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The three-lined kukri snake is found in Indonesia. It is widespread in Sumatra.

answer: The THREE-LINED KUKRI SNAKE is a type of snake found primarily in Sumatra.

answer: This article identifies the three-lined kukri snake and where it is located.

text: The summary should be more specific about where the snake is found.

refinement: The three-lined kukri snake is a species of snake in the family Colubridae and is found in Indonesia.

answer: The Three-lined Kukri Snake, a species of snake, is found in Indonesia.

answer: This article about the Three-lined Kukri Snake tells where to find it and it's name.

text: The summary should be more specific about where the snake is found.

refinement: The three-lined kukri snake belongs to the Colubridae family and is found in Indonesia.


text:
Driving down the dirt road he could feel it. The anticipation had been building up steadily since the day he got his job. It was like anticipation had created hundreds of cocoons that all decided to spread there wings at the same time. That kind of thing happens when you get to see the girl of your dreams for the first time in four months.
Pulling into the drive way he decides to make sure he looked the part of "super excited boyfriend" and "super fine" at the same time. Maybe not so much the latter. He decides this is about as good as he's gonna get his hair, there's nothing in his teeth, he was finally going to get to see her. Stepping out of his car, he makes his way towards the front door and knocks. She throws the door open and they just hold each other for what seemed like forever, but in reality it was only 5 seconds. He pushes himself away and says, "I have to get this out of my system." He cups her chin in his right hand, tilting her head slightly upwards so that their lips met at the perfect angle. Love never seemed like such a tangible thing until that moment.

title: Reunited: Love

question: Why is he excited?

answer: Because he's going to see his girl

text: The sentence omits that the excitement is not just about seeing his girl, but seeing her after four months.

refinement: Because he's going to see his girl for the first time in four months.

answer: He has not seen his girlfriend for four months.

answer: He is excited to see his girlfriend for the first time in 4 months.

question: Where is he going in his car?

answer: As he's driving down the dirt road, he's feeling anticipation and excitement because he's going to meet his old girlfriend.

text: 'As he's driving down the dirt road, he's feeling anticipation and excitement...' is unnecessary in the response.

answer: Asking the girl of his dreams on their fourth anniversary if she wanted to go somewhere

text: No evidence in the story indicates that he asked the girl of his dreams if she wanted to go somewhere on their fourth anniversary. Also, no evidence in the story points out that it was their fourth anniversary.

refinement: He is on his way to meet the girl of his dreams.

answer: He is going to visit his girlfriend who he hasn't seen in 4 months.

question: Who are the main characters in the story?

text: No response.

answer: The man and his girlfriend are the only characters in the story.

answer: Aiea and an unknown person.

text: Who is Aiea? Who is the unknown person? There is no mention of any character called Aiea?

question: Where did his girlfriend go?

answer: She traveled to another city for work. They were finally able to reunite because he specifically moved back to the area for her.

text: There is no evidence of her traveling to another city for work. The response is inaccurate.

answer: This information is not given in the text.

answer: The girlfriend went to college or university sometime in the four months between when the narrator saw her and when he visited her on the day described in the passage.

text: There is no evidence in the story to collaborate the response, and it is not stated.

question: Why is she back?

answer: The woman is back because she and the man love each other very much and couldn't be happier to be reunited after spending a few months apart.

text: There is no mention of the woman going anywhere in the story; rather, it was the man who arrived at her place to see her after four months.

answer: This information is not given in the text.

answer: Considering that their reunion was emotional and they couldn't keep their hands off each other, the writer appears to be implying that they are happy to see each other because they missed each other and are now excited to finally be able to be back together.

text: The response does not answer the question and there's no evidence of her going anywhere in the first place.

question: What are the major events of the story?

answer:
-The main character of the story drives down a dirt road on his way to see his girlfriend.
-The girlfriend throws the door open once the main character gets to the front door.
-The main character pulls away from the girlfriend once they are done kissing and says that he has to get it off his system.
-The main character lists love like something tangible that you can hold in your hand.

text:
'The main character pulls away from the girlfriend once they are done kissing and says that he has to get it off his system...' According to the story, he tells her he needs to get "it" out of his system right before kissing her.
'The main character lists love like something tangible that you can hold in your hand.' The author describes the romantic expression between the man as his girlfriend as a seemingly tangible thing, not the character.

refinement: A man was on his way to see his girlfriend, whom he has been apart from for four months. When he arrives at her place, she receives him warmly, and they hug, and he kisses her after longing for that moment for a while.

answer: He is on his way to his girlfriend's house. He hasn't been this excited since he started his new job. He hasn't seen her in 4 months. They hug for the longest time and then kiss.

answer: Driving down the dirt road, getting a job, waiting for four months, being reunited, and families and then kissing.

text: 'Driving down the dirt road, getting a job, waiting for four months, being reunited, and families and then kissing.' who was driving down a dirt road, who got the job, who was reunited? what families were mentioned? the response is vague and confusing.

refinement: A man driving down a dirt road to meet his girlfriend, excited to see her after four months apart since getting his new job. They are finally reunited when he arrives at her house, and they kiss.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Blaire and her boyfriend Andrew have been the best of friends since they were 6. After visiting his family in New York for a while, they get to see each other again and the road trip is exciting so they can't wait to kiss and stuff.

text: There is no mention of characters called Blaire and Andrew in the story. Nothing in the summary relates to what the story talks about. The summary is talking about a different story entirely.

refinement: A man is excited to reunite with his girlfriend, whom he hasn't seen in four months since he got his job. On arriving at her place, he checks his hair and teeth and ensures they're in perfection. When she opens the door to see him, they hug for what seemed like an eternity. Ultimately, the man kisses her after longing for that moment.

answer: It is the first time the girl of his dreams has seen him after four months and they hold each other for a long time before they split apart.

text:
The sentence is vague and does not say how he came to see the girl of his dreams.
It's less than four sentences.
Saying they split apart indicates they broke up.

refinement: A man is excited to reunite with his girlfriend, whom he hasn't seen in four months since he got his job. On arriving at her place, he checks his hair and teeth and ensures they're in perfection. When she opens the door to see him, they hug for what seemed like an eternity. Ultimately, the man kisses her after longing for that moment.

answer: After not seeing his girlfriend Sammy in four months due to long distance, Seth finally gets to spend some time with her. They get c usually and are looking forward endlessly to their reunion in four months.

text:
There is no mention of a character called Sammy or Seth. This is inaccurate.
'They get c usually...' is confusing and inaccurate.
'...and are looking forward endlessly to their reunion in four months.' is not mentioned in the story.

refinement: A man is excited to reunite with his girlfriend, whom he hasn't seen in four months since he got his job. On arriving at her place, he checks his hair and teeth and ensures they're in perfection. When she opens the door to see him, they hug for what seemed like an eternity. Ultimately, the man kisses her after longing for that moment.

answer: Following their return to the residence after four months apart, Lucas decides he cannot help himself and kisses the girl of his dreams. After a few moments, Lucas pulls away to get his emotions in check, telling the girl that he needs to 'get it out of his system'.

text:
Who is Lucas? No character names were mentioned in the story.
After the man kissed the girl, we do not know what happens next. He tells the girl he "needs to get it out of his system" before kissing her.

refinement: A man is excited to reunite with his girlfriend, whom he hasn't seen in four months since he got his job. On arriving at her place, he checks his hair and teeth and ensures they're in perfection. When she opens the door to see him, they hug for what seemed like an eternity. Ultimately, the man kisses her after longing for that moment.

answer: A man is on his way to his girlfriend's house. He hasn't been this excited since he started his new job. He hasn't seen her in 4 months, so he makes sure that his appearance makes him look like the super excited boyfriend and super fine. They hug for the longest time and then kiss.

answer: A man sees his girlfriend for the first time after four months and feels something he hasn't before.

text: '...and feels something he hasn't before.' What did he feel that he hadn't before? The statement is misleading and inaccurate.

refinement: A man is excited to reunite with his girlfriend, whom he hasn't seen in four months since he got his job. On arriving at her place, he checks his hair and teeth and ensures they're in perfection. When she opens the door to see him, they hug for what seemed like an eternity. Ultimately, the man kisses her after longing for that moment.