text:
LYUDMYLA LEONTIIVNA DENISOVA[1] (; ) (born July 6, 1960 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labor and Social Policy who on 15 March 2018 was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[2][3]

Biography

Raised by her mother Nina Ivanovna Ankudinova (born 1934) in Arkhangelsk Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).[4]

Professional career

Denisova was a teacher at a preschool in the Russian city of Arkhangelsk (school №78, 1979–80).[5] For the next nine years Denisova held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court.[6] In 1989, she moved to Ukraine and became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine (1990–91).[7] From 1991 she worked in the Republic of Crimea's Administration of the pension fund until 1998.[8]

Political career

In 1998 Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.[9] In Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was named Politician of the Year in 2001. In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours and charged with power abuse.[10] Denisova has stated she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document.[11] This criminal case was soon closed.[12]

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) since 2005.[13] During the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament).

Minister

On December 18, 2007, Yulia Tymoshenko, with a margin of two votes, was elected Prime Minister.[14] and the second Tymoshenko Government was formed between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in which Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy.

In October 2009 Denisova was ranked 15th in a top 100 of “most influential women in Ukraine” compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus (six places lower than non-minister and fellow Batkivshchina member Natalia Korolevska).[15]

2010 Crimean parliamentary election

Denisova headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election.[16] Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[17]

2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Denisova was placed at number 38 on the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[18] She was re-elected into parliament.[19]

2nd minister post

On 27 February 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government.[20]

In September 2014 Denisova became a founding member of her new party People's Front.[21]

2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Denisova was re-elected into parliament placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front.[22][23][24]

On 15 March 2018 the Ukrainian parliament elected Denisova Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[25]

[1]  Short bio, LIGA

[2] https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/15/7174734/

[3] Maidan nominates Yatseniuk for prime minister, Interfax-Ukraine (26 February 2014)
Ukrainian parliament endorses new cabinet, Interfax-Ukraine (27 February 2014)

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Новый состав Кабмина принят единогласно , news.mediaport.ua

[10] Is She Next?, Kyiv Post (September 3, 2010)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]  Рейтинг Фокуса: 100 самых влиятельных женщин и 100 деталей о них , Focus

[16] Liudmyla Denisova heads electoral list of Crimean branch of Batkivschyna Party, Kyiv Post (September 30, 2010)

[17]  Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)

[18] They Call Themselves the Opposition, The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012)

[19]  Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)

[20]

[21] Yatseniuk elected head of political council of People's Front Party , Demotix (9 September 2014)

[22] Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament , Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)

[23]  Full electoral list of “Fatherland” , TVi (15 September 2014)

[24]  Electoral list of People's Front, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 September 2014)

[25]

title: Lyudmyla Denisova

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's education?

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: "Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995)." is evidence of the schools that Denisova attended.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, then the Leningrad State University in 1989, and finally the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: "Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995)." is evidence of the schools that Denisova attended.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She completed her state certification at the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: "Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995)." is evidence of the schools that Denisova attended.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School and the Leningrad State University.

text: Omitted the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law from the list of schools she attended.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: "Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989)..." is evidence of some of the schools that Denisova attended.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

text: "Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995)." is evidence of the schools that Denisova attended.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's political career?

answer: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as a teacher and moving on to various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Denisova's political career started in 1998 when she joined the Crimean government. She performed several roles for them, Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of the Treasury Department. Remove the information before this and add her first role in government.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, working as the Minister of Economy, the Minister of Finance and the Head of the Treasury Department for the Crimean government from 1998. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Denisova worked in Tymoshenko's government from 2007 onwards, and not from 2009. Change 2009 in the response to 2007.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, working as the Minister of Economy, the Minister of Finance and the Head of the Treasury Department for the Crimean government from 1998. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: "On 27 February 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government." is evidence of Denisova's port as Minister of Labor and Social Policy.

answer: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy when Yulia Tymoshenko became Prime Minister of Ukraine, she served in the Ukrainian government from that point onward. Change the text to reflect the move from Crimean to Ukrainian government.

refinement: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of Treasury Department. In 2007 she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Tymoshenko government in 2007, and joined the Yatsenyuk government in the same position in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: Denisova started her political career in 1998 serving in the Crimean government as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of Treasury Department. Include these positions in the response.

refinement: Denisova started her political career in 1998 serving in the Crimean government as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of Treasury Department. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: She was elected as a deputy to the Ukrainian parliament in 2006 and appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007 in the Ukrainian government under Tymoshenko. Include these positions in the response as well.

refinement: Denisova started her political career in 1998 serving in the Crimean government as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of Treasury Department. She was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007 under the Tymoshenko government in Ukraine. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: Denisova was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament in 2012. Include this election in the response.

refinement: Denisova started her political career in 1998 serving in the Crimean government as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of Treasury Department. She was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007 under the Tymoshenko government in Ukraine. Denisova was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: Missing word 'was' between 'she' and 'elected'. Include 'was' in the response.

refinement: Denisova started her political career in 1998 serving in the Crimean government as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and Head of Treasury Department. She was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007 under the Tymoshenko government in Ukraine. Denisova was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She was re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

answer:
As Minister of Finance she held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court between 1979 and 1990. Following that, Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Denisova entered politics in 1998 when she was appointed Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. The information contained in the answer before this time is not relevant to the question. Remove the first paragraph of the response.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Add her position in the Ukranian government when Tymoshenko was elected as Prime Minister in 2007. Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy. Include this information in the reponse.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007. In 2007 she was appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Ukranian government.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Denisova was re-elected to the Ukranian parliament in 2012 after she was placed at number 38 on the electoral list of Batkivshchina. Add this to the response.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007. In 2007 she was appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Ukranian government.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea. She was, however, re-elected in 2012 to the Ukranian parliament.

text: Denisova was appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk government in 2014. In this same year she founded the People's Front and was again re-elected for the Ukranian parliament. Add all of this information to the response.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007. In 2007 she was appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Ukranian government.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea. She was, however, re-elected in 2012 to the Ukranian parliament.

In 2014, she became the Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk government in Ukraine, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament and she became a founding member of her new party People's Front.

text: Denisova's latest appointment is as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine. She was elected to this position by the Ukrainian parliament in 2018. Add this information to the response.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007. In 2007 she was appointed as Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Ukranian government.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea. She was, however, re-elected in 2012 to the Ukranian parliament.

In 2014, she became the Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk government in Ukraine, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament and she became a founding member of her new party People's Front. She was elected as the Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine in 2018.

answer: In 1998, Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was named Politician of the Year in 2001. She has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005, and during the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada. In 2009, she was ranked the 15th most influential woman in Ukraine. She was re-elected to parliament in 2012. In 2014, she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In the same year, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.


split: train

text:
By Amelia Robinson

GINGER AND SPICE ASIAN BISTRO

Address: 1105 Brown St., Dayton

Hours: 11 a.m. and 9 p.m. Monday to Saturday

Online: Facebook

Call: (937) 716-1298

Local “Asian-style” restaurants had better watch their backs.

There is a new kid in town with a chef with tons of experiences and fresh ingredients in her kitchen.

The phrase “local farm-raised” is repeated over and over again on the menu at Ginger & Spice, the new Asian bistro at 1105 Brown St. Straight out of the gate, it is in the running for the _best Asian food in town award._

A lot of restaurants promise fresh ingredients. You can taste and see the freshness on Ginger & Spice’s plates… _seriously._

Ginger & Spice is owned by Grace Peng. who formerly operated Tsao’s Cuisine near Wright State University in Fairborn. Ginger & Spice’s lively dishes are created by Anne Tsao, the founding Tsao Cuisine.

According to Dayton Daily News writer Mark Fisher, Tsao’s career began at the age of 12 in Taiwan. She worked her way up to the kitchens of high-level hotels there before coming to the United States in 1989. Tsao cooked in Asian restaurants in Indianapolis before moving to the Dayton area to join Steve Kao’s. That now-defunct Miami Twp. Chinese restaurant was around in the 1990s.

Ginger & Spice is a stone’s throw from the University of Dayton.

Its clean décor, friendly staff (Peng worked the house on both of our recent trips there) and delicious food are already appealing to college students, the business lunch crowd and those looking for something different for dinner.

But enough of the small talk. Let’s get to the grub.

Shrimp hand rolls — two for $4

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 1]

Super fresh and plump shrimp in a yumtastic thin rice skin with lettuce, cucumber and rice noodles. It comes with a peanut sauce.

Pan-seared hand-wrapped pot stickers — six for $6

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 2]

These are a staff recommendation for a reason. The ground pork pot stickers can be either steamed or pan seared. They take up to 20 minutes to make, but are worth the wait.

Ginger & Spice Wontons — eight for $6

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 3]

These are far from the tasteless balls of nothing that typically come in wonton soup. The handmade wontons are stuffed with ground pork and served in a sweet and spicy sauce that will kill you cuz it is so good. Trust me, you’ll want to keep that sauce.

Pork Belly with King Oyster Mushroom — $8

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 4]

The mushrooms and crisp carrots nearly steal the show from the pork belly in this crazy satisfying dish in a spicy bean sauce.

Mala Beef — $9

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 5]

A healthy portion of beef and tons of garlic, mushrooms, scallions and jalapenos.

The special — $12

[New restaurant could be best Asian food in town , item 6]

It is easy to fall into the trap of ordering the same thing over and over again. Try the special at Ginger & Spice. This one was loaded with scrimp, tofu, broccoli and other veggies for $12.

Contact this blogger at amelia.robinson@coxinc.com or Twitter.com/DDNSmartMouth

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Grace Peng?

answer: Grace Peng is the owner of Ginger & Spice. She formerly operated Tsao's Cuisine near Wright State University in Fairborn. The author describes her as part of the restaurant's friendly staff and notes that she was working the house during both of their recent visits.

answer: The text indicates that Grace Peng owns the Ginger & Spice Asian Bistro and the chef of the restaurant is Anne Tsao. The text also notes that Tsao's career began in Taiwan and she later started working in restaurants in the United States. According to the text, Tsao's recipes at Ginger & Spice are appealing and the food is fresh.

text: Not relevant. Anne Tsao is not in the question

refinement: The text indicates that Grace Peng owns the Ginger & Spice Asian Bistro. She is described as a kind person who worked the house on both of the author's recent trips to the restaurant.

answer: Grace Peng is the owner of Ginger & Spice. Grace also worked at Tsao's Cuisine. Grace is described as a kind person who was working at the counter on the author's recent trips to the restaurant.

answer: Grace Peng is the owner of the Ginger & Spice Asian Bistro in Dayton, USA. She formerly operated Tsao's Cuisine near Wright State University in Fairborn. Grace Peng has worked as the house on both of the blogger's recent visits to the restaurant.

answer: The text mentions that Grace Peng is the owner of Ginger & Spice Bistro and that she formerly operated Tsao's Cuisine near Wright State University in Fairborn. The text also mentions that her chef, Anne Tsao, formerly worked in high-level hotels and restaurants in Taiwan and Indianapolis. According to the text, Tsao is responsible for Ginger & Spice's creative dishes.


text:
INDIAN LANGUAGES [*] INDIAN CULTURES [*] FACTS FOR KIDS

[]

It is often said that the name _turkey_ comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird; however, this is not true. The name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake (early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey.) However, the Spanish name for turkey, _guajolote_, does come from the Nahuatl (Aztec) name _huexolotl_.
SPONSORED LINKS

Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of different Native American tribes. In some legends, Turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character. In others, he is shy and elusive. In parts of Mexico and the American Southwest, turkeys were domesticated and kept as food animals by some tribes, and their role in stories from these tribes is similar to chicken stories from Europe, with the birds mimicking the concerns and activities of human farmers. The Akimel O'odham (Pima) people consider the turkey a rain spirit, and have folk beliefs about turkeys being able to predict the weather.

Turkeys are also used as clan animals in some Native American cultures. Tribes with Turkey Clans include the Creek tribe (whose Turkey Clan is named Pinwalgi or Penwvlke,) the Shawnee and Miami tribes, the Navajo, the Zuni (whose Turkey Clan name is Tona-kwe,) and other Pueblo tribes of New Mexico. The turkey was also the special tribal symbol of the Unalachtigo tribe (a division of the Delaware nation.) Turkey feathers have been used in the traditional regalia of many tribes, particularly the feathered cloaks of eastern Woodland Indians like the Wampanoag and the feather headdresses of southern tribes like the Tuscarora and Catawba. The Turkey Dance is one of the most important social dances of the Caddo tribe, associated with songs about war honors and tribal pride. Some other eastern tribes, such as the Lenape, Shawnee, and Seminoles, have turkey dances as well.

Native American Turkey Gods and Spirits

[]CHALCHIUHTOTOLIN (Aztec)
[]KOYONA KACHINA (Hopi)

Native American Legends About Turkeys

[]A TURKEY STORY:
    Cherokee turkey legend explaining the bird's unusual shape.
[]THE INDIAN TURKEY-GIRL:
    Zuni legend about a girl who neglects her promise to the turkeys.
[*]ACAWAI FLOOD MYTH:
    South American legend explaining why turkeys have red wattles.
[*]COYOTE THE HUNGRY:
    Caddo tales of the trickster Coyote and his humorous attempts to catch turkeys.
[*]RABBIT AND THE DANCING TURKEYS:
    Caddo legend about Rabbit helping Wildcat to catch some gullible turkeys.

Recommended Books of Turkey Stories from Native American Myth and Legend
Our organization earns a commission from any book bought through these links

[]TURKEY AND GRAY GIANT:
    Bilingual picture book for children illustrating a Navajo myth about a turkey's escape from a menacing giant.
[]THE TURKEY GIRL: A ZUNI CINDERELLA STORY:
    Zuni folktale about magical turkeys that teach a girl a hard lesson about keeping her word.
[]BIRDS OF ALGONQUIN LEGEND:
    Interesting collection of legends about turkeys and other birds in Algonquian tribes.
[]SPIRITS OF THE EARTH: A GUIDE TO NATIVE AMERICAN NATURE SYMBOLS, STORIES, AND CEREMONIES:
    Book by a Karuk elder about the meanings of Indian animal spirits, including a chapter on turkeys.
[]NATIVE AMERICAN ANIMAL STORIES:
    Great collection of American Indian tales about animals, told by Abenaki storyteller Joseph Bruchac.
[]FLIGHTS OF FANCY: BIRDS IN MYTH, LEGEND, AND SUPERSTITION:
    A good book on the meaning of birds in world mythology, including North and South America.
_NATIVE LANGUAGES OF THE AMERICAS WEBSITE © 1998-2020 [*] CONTACTS AND FAQ PAGE_

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where does the name 'turkey' come from?

answer: 'The name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake.'

text: "The name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake" is evidence that the name 'turkey' comes from the name of the country.

answer: The name 'turkey' for the bird supposedly originates from a mistaken colonial assumption that the species was a kind of guineafowl imported from Turkey.

text: "early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey" is evidence of the colonial mistake by which turkey gets its name from.

answer: The name 'turkey' comes from the name of the country Turkey because early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey.

text: "name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake (early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey)" is evidence that the name of the bird comes from the name of the country by way of a colonial mistake.

answer: The name of the bird comes from Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake.

text: "name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake (early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey)" is evidence that the name of the bird comes from the name of the country by way of a colonial mistake.

answer: It was named after the country it originated from, Turkey

text: It misses to mention that the bird originated in Turkey was a mistaken colonial assumption.

refinement: It was named after the country, Turkey. The assumption that the bird originated in Turkey was a colonial mistake.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is often mistakenly said about the name 'turkey'?

answer: That it comes from a corruption of the Native American name for the bird.

text: "from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird" is evidence that it is often mistaken the name derives from the Native American name for the bird.

answer: That the name of the bird comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird. However, the name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake.

text: "from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird" is evidence that it is often mistaken the name derives from the Native American name for the bird.

answer: They are said to have been named after a Native American word for the turkey.

text: "from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird" is evidence that it is often mistaken the name derives from the Native American name for the bird.

answer: It is often mistakenly said that the name 'turkey' comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird.

text: "from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird" is evidence that it is often mistaken the name derives from the Native American name for the bird.

answer: That the name of the bird comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird; however, this is not true. The name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake.

text: "from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird" is evidence that it is often mistaken the name derives from the Native American name for the bird.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What role do turkeys play in the folklore of different Native American tribes?

answer: In some legends, Turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character. In others, he is shy and elusive. In parts of Mexico and the American Southwest, turkeys were domesticated and kept as food animals by some tribes, and their role in stories from these tribes is similar to chicken stories from Europe, with the birds mimicking the concerns and activities of human farmers. The Akimel O'odham (Pima) people consider the turkey a rain spirit, and have folk beliefs about turkeys being able to predict the weather.

text: Extra details, long text from the article copy and pasted distracts from the question

refinement: In some legends, Turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character. In others, he is shy and elusive. In parts of Mexico and the American Southwest, turkeys were domesticated and kept as food animals by some tribes, and their role in stories from these tribes is similar to chicken stories from Europe, with the birds mimicking the concerns and activities of human farmers. The Akimel O'odham (Pima) people consider the turkey a rain spirit, and have folk beliefs about turkeys being able to predict the weather.

text: "Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of different Native American tribes. In some legends, Turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character. In others, he is shy and elusive. In parts of Mexico and the American Southwest, turkeys were domesticated and kept as food animals by some tribes, and their role in stories from these tribes is similar to chicken stories from Europe, with the birds mimicking the concerns and activities of human farmers. The Akimel O'odham (Pima) people consider the turkey a rain spirit, and have folk beliefs about turkeys being able to predict the weather" is evidence of the roles the turkey plays.

answer: Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of different Native American tribes, including roles as trickster character, shy character, possible rain spirit, clan symbol, and significant social dance.

answer: In some legends the turkeys play the wily trickster character. In other legends they're a shy and elusive character. In Navajo folklore, bunny helps Wildcat to catch some gullible turkeys.

answer: Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of different Native American tribes, including portraying a trickster characters and being symbols of rain and tribal pride.

answer: In some Native American tribes, turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character, in others, he is shy and elusive. Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of Native American tribes;

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What have Native Americans used turkey feathers for?

answer: Many tribes have used it in traditional regalia.

text: "Turkey feathers have been used in the traditional regalia of many tribes" is evidence that Native Americans used turkey feathers in traditional regalia.

answer: Cloaks and headdresses

text: "Turkey feathers have been used in the traditional regalia of many tribes, particularly the feathered cloaks of eastern Woodland Indians like the Wampanoag and the feather headdresses of southern tribes like the Tuscarora and Catawba" is evidence that Native Americans have used turkey feathers for cloaks and headdresses.

answer: Native Americans have used turkey feathers for regalia and in dances. Some tribes such as the Caddo consider the turkey a tribal symbol.

text: There's no evidence to suggest that the Caddo consider the turkey a tribal symbol. "The turkey was also the special tribal symbol of the Unalachtigo tribe" is evidence that the Unalachtigo tribe consider the turkey a tribal symbol, not the Caddo.

refinement: Native Americans have used turkey feathers for regalia and in dances.

text: "Turkey feathers have been used in the traditional regalia of many tribes" is evidence of what Native Americans used turkey feathers for.

answer: In tribal regalia and for the Turkey Dance.

answer: Native Americans have traditionally used turkey feathers as decorations in regalia, and in dance traditions. Some tribes have turkey clans, and turkey feathers are used for ceremonial purposes.

text: There's no evidence to suggest that turkey feathers are also used for ceremonial purposes.

refinement: Native Americans have traditionally used turkey feathers as decorations in regalia, and in dance traditions. Some tribes have turkey clans, and turkey feathers are used for ceremonial purposes.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The name of the turkey comes from the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake. However, in Native American folklore, the turkey has various roles. Some tribes consider it a rain spirit and others use it in their regalia and dances. Some Indian tribes have turkey clans, and others tell stories about the tricks of Coyote and Rabbit trying to catch Turkeys.

answer: Turkeys play a variety of roles in the folklore of different Native American tribes. In some legends, Turkey is portrayed as a wily, overly-proud trickster character. In others, he is shy and elusive. In parts of Mexico and the American Southwest, turkeys were domesticated and kept as food animals that often mimic the concerns and activities of the human farmers. Turkey feathers have been used in the tribal regalia of many groups.

answer: The author explains that the name 'turkey' does not come from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird, as it is often said. It comes from the name of the country Turkey. Early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of bird that English people used to import from Turkey. The author lists Native American legends about turkeys and recommends several books of turkey stories from Native Americans.

answer: Native American tribes used to have a good deal of stories about turkeys and held them to be sacred. Some tribes would eat turkeys whereas some kept them just for sacred purposes. The turkey plays a variety of roles in the folklore of different tribes. The most common view about the turkey is that its name comes from Turki, the country Turkey.

text: There's no evidence to suggest that turkeys were held to be sacred nor that some tribes would eat them.

refinement: The turkey plays a variety of roles in the folklore of different tribes. The most common view about the turkey is that its name comes from Turki, the country Turkey.

text: It misses to mention what the name turkey often comes from.

refinement: The turkey plays a variety of roles in the folklore of different tribes. It is often said that the name turkey comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird. However, the name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake.

text: It misses mentioning what the incorrect assumption early settlers made about the bird.

refinement: The turkey plays a variety of roles in the folklore of different tribes. It is often said that the name turkey comes from a corruption of a Native American name for the bird. However, the name of the bird comes from the name of the country Turkey, by way of a colonial mistake. Early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey.

answer: The name of the turkey comes from Turkey, but the role of the turkey in Native American mythology varies. Some tales portray the turkey as a wily or shy trickster, while others associate them with rain or war honors. The turkey is also used as a clan animal for some tribes.

text: It misses mentioning the colonial mistake about the bird.

refinement: The name of the turkey comes from Turkey by way of a colonial mistake (early English settlers mistakenly thought turkeys were a kind of guineafowl, an African bird that English people used to import from Turkey). The role of the turkey in Native American mythology varies. Some tales portray the turkey as a wily or shy trickster, while others associate them with rain or war honors. The turkey is also used as a clan animal for some tribes.


text:
RUBY – HISTORY, IDENTIFICATION AND CARE []

Rubies are the birthstone for July and they are also the gemstone to celebrate a 15th or a 40th anniversary. Rubies have historically been called “the stone of love,” due to their deep, rich red color that indicates passion. They are worn to protect a person from enemies by the Hindus.  (Reported in the American Gem Society Blog _https://americangemsocietyblog.org/tag/fun-facts-about-rubies/)__._ In the Wizard of OZ, Dorothy’s ruby red slippers were thought to protect her from evil. An additional, interesting fact is that rubies are mentioned four times in the Bible.

A ruby is one of the five types of PRECIOUS GEMSTONES. The other [] four are diamond, emerald, sapphire, and recently, tanzanite. Rubies come in all shades of red and are in the same gemological family (corundum) as sapphires. In the corundum gemstone family, if the gemstone is a shade of red, it is a ruby and if it is any other color (blue, green, etc.), it is a sapphire. The presence of chromium makes the corundum gemstone red, thus, a ruby.

[]The name, ruby, comes from Latin for red, _rubens_. They are a very hard gemstone rating a 9 on the MOHS scale. While they can be found all over the world, most rubies on the market are from the Myanmar and Thailand area. Burmese rubies (now Myanmar) are highly prized for their deep “pigeon blood” red color, but are currently banned in the US.

Almost all rubies have flaws, so they are not usually completely clear. It is standard practice, (accepted by the American Gem-Trade Association and Israel-Diamonds) to treat rubies, which improves the color and strengthens the gemstone. However, if the natural ruby has too many inclusions, the value of the stone drops dramatically.

Rubies can be confused with red garnet and with red spinel. Both of these gemstones are much less expensive and less rare. You can spot a natural ruby from a synthetic ruby by the inclusions in the stone. Synthetic stones are completely clear, whereas, rubies will have numerous inclusions, not flawless, as a synthetic stone is.

Many of the famous “rubies” in the past found in the Crown Jewels  []were later determined to be red spinel. Up and into the late 1800’s red spinal and rubies were not clearly determined. Even today, it can be difficult to identify one from the other.  Spinel and ruby have similar mineral composition and often grow in the same location with rubies. It takes an expert to diagnose between the two gemstones. A rule of thumb is that, if the price is low, and the gemstone is very clear, it is probably a spinel and not a ruby. This does not help if the seller is passing off a spinel as a high-quality ruby. Buyer beware and buy from reputable dealers with a gemological certification for any expensive piece of ruby jewelry.

Identifying a garnet from a ruby is a little easier. Hold the stone up to a bright light source until you see a rainbow coming from the gemstone. If the rainbow has yellow or green bands, then it is unlikely to be a ruby.

Cleaning and caring for a ruby

[] Rubies are very hard so they can accumulate dust and dirt and appear dull. At home, you can CLEAN them using warm soapy water and a soft toothbrush to gently scrub the stone. Rinse them thoroughly in warm, clear water and blot them dry with a lint-free cloth.

If using a solution to clean your jewelry, choose one that is made for rubies AND for the metal that your jewelry is set in. Some Sterling Silver jewelry cleaners can irreversibly damage gold and platinum mountings, so beware, and spend the time and money to find the right product.

You can also take your jewelry to a jeweler to use an Ultrasonic cleaner to clean your jewelry.

The hardness of a ruby means it will withstand a small knock but if it sustains a hard knock, take it to a jeweler to look at it under a microscope to see if the stone has come loose. A jeweler should tighten your loose stones (no DIY). Check your jewelry for loose settings over time. Neglecting to do this could result in your stone falling out and losing it. Replacing a lost gemstone could easily cost you much more than you originally paid for the entire piece of jewelry.

Because  rubies are hard, store them separate or flat from others stones, so they will not scratch or mar a jewelry piece with a less hard stone (diamonds can scratch all other stones, including a ruby).

MEANING OF A RUBY

Rubies are a symbol of deep, passionate love. They are believed to protect a person from harm or evil. Some people use a ruby to recall dreams and to have lucid dreams. In Kundalini, it is used to find and to follow one’s bliss. It is also used to get information from spirit guides. Ruby brings courage and inner strength, self-confidence and honesty. Ruby is associated with the Root Chakra and the Heart Chakra.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the most interesting facts about rubies from this article.

answer: Rubies are a type of PRECIOUS GEMSTONE, coming in various shades of red. They are a very hard gemstone, with a hardness rating of 9 on the MOHS scale. Rubies can be costly and confuse easily with red garnet, red spinel and synthetic rubies. Their meaning is associated with passion, courage and honesty. They require gentle cleaning and storing to avoid scratches and chips.

text: The answer can mention the spiritual meaning ascribed to rubies.

refinement: Rubies are a type of PRECIOUS GEMSTONE, coming in various shades of red. They are a very hard gemstone, with a hardness rating of 9 on the MOHS scale. Rubies can be costly and confuse easily with red garnet, red spinel and synthetic rubies. Their meaning is associated with passion, courage and honesty. They require gentle cleaning and storing to avoid scratches and chips. Spiritually, the ruby is associated with protection from harm or evil, and some cultures use it to recall dreams, have lucid dreams, or find and follow one's passions.

text: There are missing Oxford commas. The tense is wrong in "Rubies can be costly and confuse easily".

refinement: Rubies are a type of PRECIOUS GEMSTONE, coming in various shades of red. They are a very hard gemstone, with a hardness rating of 9 on the MOHS scale. Rubies can be costly and confused easily with red garnet, red spinel, and synthetic rubies. Their meaning is associated with passion, courage, and honesty. They require gentle cleaning and storing to avoid scratches and chips. Spiritually, the ruby is associated with protection from harm or evil, and some cultures use it to recall dreams, have lucid dreams, or find and follow one's passions.

answer: There are five types of precious gemstones, and ruby is one of them. Its name comes from Latin "rubens" meaning red. Rubies come in all shades of red. They are often confused with red garnet and red spinel, which are less expensive and less rare than the ruby.

text: The answer can mention the spiritual meaning ascribed to rubies.

refinement: There are five types of precious gemstones, and ruby is one of them. Its name comes from Latin "rubens" meaning red. Rubies come in all shades of red. They are often confused with red garnet and red spinel, which are less expensive and less rare than the ruby. Spiritually, the ruby is associated with protection from harm or evil, and some cultures use it to recall dreams, have lucid dreams, or find and follow one's passions.

answer: It's noted that rubies are expensive and rare jewels, like diamonds and emeralds. Rubies can be found all over the world but are most common in Myanmar and Thailand. Most rubies on the market are grown in the Myanmar area, valued for their deep-red color. The prices for rubies have fluctuated from $500-$1000 in the past to thousands of dollars in modern times. Rubies are thought to protect a person from harm and evil. It's implied that climbers even use rubies as good luck charms, noting that athletes often use all mannerisms possible to give them a competitive edge.

text: The article doesn't mention any specific pricing.

refinement: It's noted that rubies are expensive and rare jewels, like diamonds and emeralds. Rubies can be found all over the world but are most common in Myanmar and Thailand. Most rubies on the market are grown in the Myanmar area, valued for their deep-red color. Rubies are thought to protect a person from harm and evil. It's implied that climbers even use rubies as good luck charms, noting that athletes often use all mannerisms possible to give them a competitive edge.

text: There's nothing in the article about athletes or climbers using rubies as good luck charms.

refinement: It's noted that rubies are expensive and rare jewels, like diamonds and emeralds. Rubies can be found all over the world but are most common in Myanmar and Thailand. Most rubies on the market are grown in the Myanmar area, valued for their deep-red color. Rubies are thought to protect a person from harm and evil.

text: The answer can mention the spiritual meaning of rubies.

refinement: It's noted that rubies are expensive and rare jewels, like diamonds and emeralds. Rubies can be found all over the world but are most common in Myanmar and Thailand. Most rubies on the market are grown in the Myanmar area, valued for their deep-red color. Rubies are thought to protect a person from harm and evil. Spiritually, the ruby is associated with protection from harm or evil, and some cultures use it to recall dreams, have lucid dreams, or find and follow one's passions.

answer: The ruby is the gemstone to celebrate a 15th or a 40th anniversary. Rubies are the birthstone for July, and they represent passionate red. The ruby appears four times in the Bible. Its name comes from Latin, "rubens." The ruby is usually sold in Myanmar and Thailand.

text: The answer can mention the spiritual meaning of rubies.

refinement: The ruby is the gemstone to celebrate a 15th or a 40th anniversary. Rubies are the birthstone for July, and they represent passionate red. The ruby appears four times in the Bible. Its name comes from Latin, "rubens." The ruby is usually sold in Myanmar and Thailand. Spiritually, the ruby is associated with protection from harm or evil, and some cultures use it to recall dreams, have lucid dreams, or find and follow one's passions.

answer: Rubies are one of five types of precious gemstones. They are red in color, very hard and rated a 9 on the MOHS scale. Almost all rubies have flaws and must be treated to improve the color. Rubies can be confused with red spinel, but rubies are easier to spot due to its inclusions. It's important to clean rubies regularly and protect them so they do not chip or become lost. Rubies symbolize deep, passionate love and courage and inner strength. Rubies are associated with the Root Chakra and the Heart Chakra.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize how one should clean and care for a ruby.

answer: The most important thing to do when caring for a ruby is to clean it with warm soapy water. Rinse it thoroughly in warm, clear water and blot it dry with a lint-free cloth. Always be sure to clean ruby jewelry separately or flat from other gemstones to prevent scratches. If your ruby sustains a hard knock, bring it to a jeweler for inspection. Finally, remember that rubies are extremely hard gemstones, so they can withstand a small knock.

text: The article recommends storing rubies carefully to avoid scratching other stones, including rubies.

refinement: The most important thing to do when caring for a ruby is to clean it with warm soapy water. Rinse it thoroughly in warm, clear water and blot it dry with a lint-free cloth. Always be sure to store ruby jewelry separately or flat from other gemstones to prevent scratches. If your ruby sustains a hard knock, bring it to a jeweler for inspection. Finally, remember that rubies are extremely hard gemstones, so they can withstand a small knock.

answer: To clean a ruby, use warm, soapy water and a soft toothbrush. Rinse it thoroughly in clear water and blot it dry with a lint-free cloth. Rubies should be stored separate from other stones, so that the stone does not scratch or dent any jewelry pieces with less hard stones.

text: The answer should mention what to do in case of knocks or loose stones.

refinement: To clean a ruby, use warm, soapy water and a soft toothbrush. Rinse it thoroughly in clear water and blot it dry with a lint-free cloth. Rubies should be stored separate from other stones, so that the stone does not scratch or dent any jewelry pieces with less hard stones. Rubies usually withstand small knocks, but take it to a jeweler if the stone comes loose. Check the stone's looseness over time as well to avoid it falling.

answer: A ruby should be cleaned mainly using warm soapy water and gently using a soft toothbrush to brush gently on the stone. One should rinse them in warm, clear water. A lint-free cloth should be used to blot the water from the stones.

text: The answer should mention what to do in case of knocks or loose stones.

refinement: A ruby should be cleaned mainly using warm soapy water and gently using a soft toothbrush to brush gently on the stone. One should rinse them in warm, clear water. A lint-free cloth should be used to blot the water from the stones. Rubies usually withstand small knocks, but take it to a jeweler if the stone comes loose. Check the stone's looseness over time as well to avoid it falling.

text: The answer should include how to store rubies.

refinement: A ruby should be cleaned mainly using warm soapy water and gently using a soft toothbrush to brush gently on the stone. One should rinse them in warm, clear water. A lint-free cloth should be used to blot the water from the stones. Rubies usually withstand small knocks, but take it to a jeweler if the stone comes loose. Check the stone's looseness over time as well to avoid it falling. They should be stored separately from other gems since rubies are quite hard and can scratch other stones, including rubies.

answer: Take your jewelry to a jeweler to clean it. Cleaning tools should be used with care and one should clean only what needs cleaning. Think twice before cleaning it on your own because you don't want to damage the gemstone.

text: The answer is wrong almost completely.

text: The answer is empty.

refinement: A ruby should be cleaned mainly using warm soapy water and gently using a soft toothbrush to brush gently on the stone. One should rinse them in warm, clear water. A lint-free cloth should be used to blot the water from the stones. Rubies usually withstand small knocks, but take it to a jeweler if the stone comes loose. Check the stone's looseness over time as well to avoid it falling. They should be stored separately from other gems since rubies are quite hard and can scratch other stones, including rubies.

answer: Because rubies are very hard, small particles stick to them easily. Use warm soapy water to gently clean them with a soft toothbrush so not to scratch up the surface. Blot them dry with a lint cloth. A professional jeweler may use an Ultrasonic cleaner on your rubies. If your ruby requires repairs, you can take it to the jeweler, but to prevent this or lessen the incidences, have a jeweler tighten the stones in their settings to prevent them from getting jarred. Only use a cleaning solution intended for rubies as well as the metal in which the ruby is set.

text: The hardness of rubies means they can look dull with accumulating dust, not just that dust accumulates easier.

refinement: Because rubies are very hard, small particles stick to them easily, and the stone can look dull. Use warm soapy water to gently clean them with a soft toothbrush so not to scratch up the surface. Blot them dry with a lint cloth. A professional jeweler may use an Ultrasonic cleaner on your rubies. If your ruby requires repairs, you can take it to the jeweler, but to prevent this or lessen the incidences, have a jeweler tighten the stones in their settings to prevent them from getting jarred. Only use a cleaning solution intended for rubies as well as the metal in which the ruby is set.

text: Ultrasonic doesn't need to start with a capital letter. There's a missing "as" in "toothbrush so not to..."

refinement: Because rubies are very hard, small particles stick to them easily, and the stone can look dull. Use warm soapy water to gently clean them with a soft toothbrush so as not to scratch up the surface. Blot them dry with a lint cloth. A professional jeweler may use an ultrasonic cleaner on your rubies. If your ruby requires repairs, you can take it to the jeweler, but to prevent this or lessen the incidences, have a jeweler tighten the stones in their settings to prevent them from getting jarred. Only use a cleaning solution intended for rubies as well as the metal in which the ruby is set.

text: The article says to blot rubies with a lint-free cloth, not a lint cloth.

refinement: Because rubies are very hard, small particles stick to them easily, and the stone can look dull. Use warm soapy water to gently clean them with a soft toothbrush so as not to scratch up the surface. Blot them dry with a lint-free cloth. A professional jeweler may use an ultrasonic cleaner on your rubies. If your ruby requires repairs, you can take it to the jeweler, but to prevent this or lessen the incidences, have a jeweler tighten the stones in their settings to prevent them from getting jarred. Only use a cleaning solution intended for rubies as well as the metal in which the ruby is set.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the meaning of a ruby, or its symbolism and significance.

answer: Rubies are d because of their deep, rich red color. They are considered to protect a person from harm. The gemstone is used to protect from evil, as well as to find and follow one's bliss. They bring courage and inner strength. The root chakra and heart chakra are associated with Ruby.

text: The first sentence seems to have missing words. It's probably trying to express the relation between rubies and love.

refinement: Rubies are called the "stone of love" because of their deep, rich red color. They are considered to protect a person from harm. The gemstone is used to protect from evil, as well as to find and follow one's bliss. They bring courage and inner strength. The root chakra and heart chakra are associated with Ruby.

text: The answer can mention that rubies are used to recall dreams or to have lucid dreams as well as get information from spirit guides.

refinement: Rubies are called the "stone of love" because of their deep, rich red color. They are considered to protect a person from harm. The gemstone is used to protect from evil, as well as to find and follow one's bliss. They bring courage and inner strength. The root chakra and heart chakra are associated with Ruby. They are used to recall dreams or to have lucid dreams. Some use it to get information from spirit guides.

answer: A ruby is symbolic of deep, passionate love and protection from evil forces. It brings strength, courage, and self-confidence. It is associated with the Root and Heart chakras. Ruby energy can be used for dreaming, finding one's bliss, and communicating with spirit guides.

answer: The ruby is a symbol of a deep, passionate love between a couple. It is also a material that is used to learn the energy of other people in a metaphysical sense. People believe that it is used to protect a person from evil, and it can be used as an object of violence. Additionally, some cultures hold that it can be used to find one's dream and to create lucid dreams.

text: Nothing in the article mentions using rubies to learn the energy of others.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of a deep, passionate love between a couple. People believe that it is used to protect a person from evil, and it can be used as an object of violence. Additionally, some cultures hold that it can be used to find one's dream and to create lucid dreams.

text: The article makes no mention of rubies being used for violence.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of a deep, passionate love between a couple. People believe that it is used to protect a person from evil. Additionally, some cultures hold that it can be used to find one's dream and to create lucid dreams.

text: The ruby can bring strength, courage, honesty, and self-confidence. The answer omits this.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of a deep, passionate love between a couple. People believe that it is used to protect a person from evil. Additionally, some cultures hold that it can be used to find one's dream and to create lucid dreams. The ruby can bring strength, courage, honesty, and self-confidence.

answer: The ruby is a symbol of deep, passionate love and protection from harm and evil. It also brings courage and inner strength, self-confidence and honesty. The ruby is associated with the Root Chakra and Heart Chakra.

text: The answer omits the use of rubies in dreaming.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of deep, passionate love and protection from harm and evil. It also brings courage and inner strength, self-confidence and honesty. The ruby is associated with the Root Chakra and Heart Chakra. Rubies are used to recall or have lucid dreams in some cultures.

text: Missing Oxford comma.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of deep, passionate love and protection from harm and evil. It also brings courage and inner strength, self-confidence, and honesty. The ruby is associated with the Root Chakra and Heart Chakra. Rubies are used to recall or have lucid dreams in some cultures.

text: Rubies are used to find and follow one's bliss and get info from spirit guides.

refinement: The ruby is a symbol of deep, passionate love and protection from harm and evil. It also brings courage and inner strength, self-confidence, and honesty. The ruby is associated with the Root Chakra and Heart Chakra. Rubies are used to recall or have lucid dreams in some cultures. They are also used to find and follow one's bliss and get information from spirit guides.

answer: Rubies typically represent love, and are associated with the root chakra and the heart chakra. In some lore, they protect one from harm. Some people use rubies to remember dreams and to direct their dreams via lucid dreaming. In the Kundalini, a ruby can guide one to their bliss.

text: Rubies bring courage, inner strength, self-confidence, and honesty. The answer omits this.

refinement: Rubies typically represent love, and are associated with the root chakra and the heart chakra. In some lore, they protect one from harm. Some people use rubies to remember dreams and to direct their dreams via lucid dreaming. In the Kundalini, a ruby can guide one to their bliss. Rubies bring courage, inner strength, self-confidence, and honesty.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe how you can tell if a ruby is authentic or not.

answer: Identifying a ruby from a synthetic ruby is done by examining the inclusions in the stone. The presence of numerous inclusions indicates a natural ruby, whereas a synthetic ruby will be completely clear. A jeweler can also evaluate the stone under a microscope to make a more conclusive determination. Lastly, rubies are very hard so they are unlikely to scratch or damage other stones, whereas synthetic gems are prone to scratching.

text: Nothing in the article suggests that scratching is a feature to separate real rubies from other stones.

refinement: Identifying a ruby from a synthetic ruby is done by examining the inclusions in the stone. The presence of numerous inclusions indicates a natural ruby, whereas a synthetic ruby will be completely clear. A jeweler can also evaluate the stone under a microscope to make a more conclusive determination.

text: The answer omits how rubies can be distinguished from garnets.

refinement: Identifying a ruby from a synthetic ruby is done by examining the inclusions in the stone. The presence of numerous inclusions indicates a natural ruby, whereas a synthetic ruby will be completely clear. A jeweler can also evaluate the stone under a microscope to make a more conclusive determination. Rubies and garnets can be separated by holding a bright light to a stone and inspecting the rainbow coming out of the stone; if it has yellow or green bands, it's probably not a ruby.

answer: A real ruby will have inclusions in the stone-these are small flaws that occur naturally. Synthetic stones are generally bereft of these imperfections. The spinel and ruby are easily confused, but in general, if the price is surprisingly low, the gem is likelier to be a spinel. However, the contrast between the ruby and the garnet is stark-if you hold the stone to the light and it has yellow or green bands, it is likelier to be a garnet.

answer: Because of the variety in rubies and their relative low cost, due diligence must be taken to ensure that a ruby purchased has proper certifications. One way to do that is to look at the color of the rainbow that falls off of the ruby while it is being held near a light source. If green or yellow bands can be seen in the rainbow, then it is a likely sign that the material is not a ruby. Also, one could utilize other images such as Google Images.

text: The article recommends buying from certified sellers, not buying certified rubies. It also doesn't say rubies are cheap, red spinels are.

refinement: Because red spinels and rubies look similar, due diligence must be taken to ensure that a ruby purchased is legitimate; buying from a dealer with a gemological certification is a good start. One way to do that is to look at the color of the rainbow that falls off of the ruby while it is being held near a light source. If green or yellow bands can be seen in the rainbow, then it is a likely sign that the material is not a ruby. Also, one could utilize other images such as Google Images.

text: Nothing in the article suggests using Google Images.

refinement: Because red spinels and rubies look similar, due diligence must be taken to ensure that a ruby purchased is legitimate; buying from a dealer with a gemological certification is a good start. One way to do that is to look at the color of the rainbow that falls off of the ruby while it is being held near a light source. If green or yellow bands can be seen in the rainbow, then it is a likely sign that the material is not a ruby.

text: The answer should mention how to differentiate natural rubies from synthetic ones.

refinement: Because red spinels and rubies look similar, due diligence must be taken to ensure that a ruby purchased is legitimate; buying from a dealer with a gemological certification is a good start. One way to do that is to look at the color of the rainbow that falls off of the ruby while it is being held near a light source. If green or yellow bands can be seen in the rainbow, then it is a likely sign that the material is not a ruby. Synthetic rubies can be identified by the complete lack of inclusions in the stone, which occur naturally.

answer: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it. If the ruby has too many inclusions, its value drops. Second, check if the ruby reflects light. Quarz and iron rich materials can look like rubies but might be a different color. If a ruby reflects the light (such as a rainbow), it is likely to be a synthetic ruby.

text: The article doesn't mention anything about quartz or "quarz". No mention of iron either. There's no method of identifying ruby with a reflection.

refinement: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it. If the ruby has too many inclusions, its value drops.

text: The rubies with too many inclusions are still authentic, the drop of value has nothing to do with distinguishing real from fake.

refinement: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it.

text: The answer omits the details of what the inclusions mean.

refinement: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it. Synthetic ones are completely clear.

text: The answer has no mention of how to separate rubies from red spinel.

refinement: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it. Synthetic ones are completely clear. Distinguishing rubies from red spinels is quite difficult and requires an expert; a rule of thumb is that cheap stones are likely to be spinel.

text: The answer doesn't mention how to distinguish a ruby from a garnet.

refinement: First, check if a ruby is authentic by testing if it has numerous inclusions within it. Synthetic ones are completely clear. Distinguishing rubies from red spinels is quite difficult and requires an expert; a rule of thumb is that cheap stones are likely to be spinel. Identifying between garnet and ruby is easier: shine a bright light on the stone and inspect the rainbow coming out, if it has yellow or green bands, it's probably not ruby.

answer: To tell if a ruby is authentic, look for inclusions. If the inclusions are too numerous, or the gemstone is too clear, it will likely be a synthetic ruby. Synthetic rubies are completely clear, whereas natural rubies will have numerous inclusions.

text: The identification between real and synthetic rubies is repeated twice. The first instance has incorrect information in it so that one should be removed.

refinement: To tell if a ruby is authentic, look for inclusions. Synthetic rubies are completely clear, whereas natural rubies will have numerous inclusions.

text: The answer omits how to distinguish rubies from red spinels or garnets.

refinement: To tell if a ruby is authentic, look for inclusions. Synthetic rubies are completely clear, whereas natural rubies will have numerous inclusions. Distinguishing rubies from red spinels is quite difficult and requires an expert; a rule of thumb is that cheap stones are likely to be spinel. Identifying between garnet and ruby is easier: shine a bright light on the stone and inspect the rainbow coming out, if it has yellow or green bands, it's probably not ruby.


text:
[New Drone with 4 Varroa]

Infestation Alert – real and present Danger

Hi Everyone,

Well the title of this says it all. Part of our Summer program in the Apiary at kiwimana HQ is our continued efforts to ‘grow Bees’ we can’t grow Bees or have honey or enjoy our girls if our colonies die.

So with each season comes monitoring, inspections, record-keeping, apiary maintenance, gear checks, and so on….

Recent inspections have shown mixed results.

A: Our Apiary up at the organic farm has seen mite infestations – Gary has been treating these with the Kiwi Oxalic Acid Vaporizer.

B: Our Quarantine Apiary has seen thriving hives but varroa are starting to appear.

C: kiwimana HQ, as I progressed through the hive inspections 4 of the hives looking good but number 5 – not good~!

This hive is called, Swanson 10.

ABOUT SWANSON 10.

Swanson 10 is our main genetics from which we have ‘grown’ our apiary. The girls in these colonies are lovely to work, calm and productive Italians. Not huge honey production this year but we’ll talk about that shortly.

The queen of this hive is a new, 2013 season, queen. Which was ‘grown’ from a split we did earlier on in October (2013) and to help the split, we gave them a couple of 3/4 frames with Honey.

She is a great layer and the population is excellent for this time of year and they are working hard.

_However_ the 3/4 frames were not upgraded to full-depth so what this has led to is, comb being drawn-out on the bottom of the frame – so note – any space, the girls will fill it and fill-it they did, with Drone Comb.

Outside the hive were some tell-tale signs of ‘issues’. There were dead brood lying in the grass, on some frames I saw some Bees with _‘Deformed Wing Virus’_ – indicative of PMS (Parasitic Mite Syndrome) or Varroa mite infestation.

Risk

What this has done is caused us to create an opportunity for ‘varroa destructor’ to have a yummy and big drone store – easy access as it was in the lower level of the hive, also another pest has ‘wormed’ its way in to the hive, ‘wax moth’.

Result

This has resulted in an infestation, when I opened one cell – 4 varroa mites crawled out!

Look at this newly emerged Drone, initially you could see one mite on him but then, others emerged.

The wax moth has multiplied and started eating the wax-comb and creating a suffocating web.

FIX ?

So what I did was, cut-off the extended comb which was full of drone-comb – and not looking too healthy.
It looks like the girls had been checking cells and opening those with mites but there were too many for them to manage.

ACTION ?

Immediately went to the workshop and got some Api Life Var and took one wafer and cut it in 4, cleaned the top of the frames and placed the pieces in the center close to brood area. The treatment will stay in there for 7 days, then I will add another wafer. I’ll repeat this until the treatment has been present for 28 days.

The cut-off comb was placed in the freezer to kill off the pests, yes sadly we lost a few Bees as they were too infested to save.

The comb was then placed in our wax-melter. We’ll filter this and clean it for creating wax blocks.

What follow-up is required?

I will go back in and check mite levels using the sugar shake method, a bit more invasive than an inspection-board or ‘sticky-board’ check but I am going in to add the next wafer anyway and have to open the hive. Gary has made these handy ‘sugar shake jars’ which make it very easy.

I will re-check the frame, I aim to replace it with a full-depth if possible.

Could this have been Prevented?

Yes.

How?

By inspecting and knowing your hive and what they are up to.

There are always discussions about “how many times do you need to inspect your hive?” – ask one question and you’ll get lots of differing views.

A commercial beekeeper says hobbyists go in to the hive too much, “…_just leave them to it_…”

A hobbyist may not even know that inspections are important.

Some new Beeginners do go into their hives too much and have lost their girls because the colony has not felt safe.

Our View?

kiwimana’s view is that inspections are extremely important and must be conducted regularly, especially over the periods of increased or high population. You must know what state your hive is in. You must know if they have enough space, enough stores, are there drones? is you queen laying properly?

Our recommendation is that inspections should be carried-out at least once a month or maximum two-weekly over the high population periods. Population starts to increase in Spring and continues right through to Summer.

These are the times when Bees are out regularly and can pick-up mites, AFB, etc.

Note of Caution: Colonies are used to a dark, warm and dry hive – this means they feel safe. If you constantly open your hive, the colony feels threatened therefore, ‘unsafe’ – they may abscond to find a new location if you ‘over-work’ your hive. Not every inspection needs to be a ‘full’ inspection.

I have always recommended two-weekly inspections to our new Beekeepers – the aim is that they can learn about what is normal and get to know what is happening in their new hive. As they become more familiar they will learn what is normal and inspection schedules can be modified.

WARNING: to leave a hive unattended for long periods can mean DEATH.

Interesting….a new beginner called us in to look at their hive, they said “…there are lots of Bees coming and going…” so we started our inspection – turns-out the hive was being robbed-out, and inside AFB ~!

Don’t be _THAT_ beginner~!

Will this hive survive?

Due to this ‘infestation’ issue, it is very possible the hive may fail. I hope I have caught this in-time.

-   Have you checked your hives?
-   Do you have records of your mite-level trends?
-   Have you conducted a mite check?
-   Have you done a sugar-shake test?
-   When did you last treat?
-   What do your Bees look like?
-   What’s happening out front of your hive?
-   Do you have drone comb in your hive at the moment?

Call us if you want to chat about your hive (09) 810 9965 – or if you want a second opinion, we have ‘Beekeeper Services’ available (check-out our on-line shop) and we can come to your site and look with you.

Thanks for reading and supporting kiwimana.

Regards
Margaret

Products Mentioned in this post

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What animal is trying to be grown in this excerpt?

answer: Italian honeybees.

answer: Bees

text: Italian honeybees.

answer: Bees.

answer: The bees

answer: Bees

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the organic farm facing at Apiary?

answer: Mite infestations

text: Varroa mite infestations.

answer: Mite infestations.

answer: The organic farm is facing an infestation of the varroa mite.

answer: An infestation with Varroa mite.

answer: It has seen mite infestations caused by Gary, from the Kiwi Oxalic Acid Vaporizer.

text: There is no evidence Gray caused the infestation.

refinement: It has seen mite infestations and is being treated with Kiwi Oxalic Acid Vaporizer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the condition of the Quarantine Apiary?

answer: The Quarantine Apiary has seen thriving hives but varroa are starting to appear.

answer: It has bee thriving hives but varroa are starting to appear.

answer: The hives are thriving here but varroa are starting to appear.

answer: It has thriving hives but varroa are beginning to appear.

answer: The Quarantine Apiary is thriving and varroa are starting to appear.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the name of the hive being discussed?

answer: Swanson 10

answer: Swanson 10

answer: Swanson 10

answer: Swanson 10

answer: Swanson 10.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What were some tell-tale signs of issues with the hives?

answer: The tell-tale signs of issues with the hives were dead brood lying in the grass, as well as some bees with deformed wing virus indicative of PMS or Varroa mite infestation.

answer: Dead brood lying in the grass and frames of bees with deformed wings indicative of parasitic mite syndrome or varroa mite.

answer: Some bees were dead and lying in the grass, some bees had deformed wing virus, and some had varroa mite infestation

answer:
A: In the organic farm apiary, one hive had dead brood lying in the grass.
B: Another hive in the quarantine apiary had Bees with Deformed Wing Virus, indicative of PMS or Varroa mite infestation.
C: Kingenta HQ had some issues, as dead bees were sighted on some frames, and honeycomb being drawn out with varroa.

answer: The tell-tale signs of issues with the hives were the dead brood in the grass, as well as some Bees with deformed wings, indicative of PMS (Parasitic Mite Syndrome) or Varroa infestation, extended drone comb, and wax moth infestation.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The beekogin who is liaisons do inspections for the bees. One of the inspections there was a cut into a hive had all the varroa mites come out. The article has recommendations on forbees to prevent this.

text: The term meaning of the term, beekogin, cannot be found in the text.

refinement: The liaisons do inspections on the bees and their hives. One of the inspections there was a cut into a hive had all the varroa mites come out. The article has recommendations on forbees to prevent this.

text: The article had no recommendation for the bees as stated in the answer.

refinement: The liaisons do inspections on the bees and their hives. In one of the inspections, there was a full-blown varroa mite infestation in the beehives. The article has recommendations for beekeepers to prevent this.

answer: This article describes how bees are hard to grow due to an infestation alert. A specific hive, Swanson 10, is being experimented on as it is the main genetic component. The results of the experiment, along with the risks and future actions to avoid infestation are discussed.

text: The article never linked the difficulties of keeping bees to infestation alerts.

refinement: A specific hive, Swanson 10, is being experimented on as it is the main genetic component. The results of the experiment, along with the risks and future actions to avoid infestation are discussed.

answer: The article is a blog post titled "Infestation Alert."It's about mites and bees. A honey bee expert, Margaret, gives tips on healthy bees and dealing with varroa mites.

answer:
1. Recent inspections in our apiary have shown a hive with varroa and wax moth infestation.

2. The extended drone comb resulted in an accessible, large drone store and ideal living conditions for varroa and wax moth pests.

3. We took immediate action and cut-off extended drone comb and applied Api Life Var for 28 days. It remains uncertain whether the hive will survive.

answer: A newly emerged Drone was found to have Varroa mites crawling on their body. A subsequent inspection revealed a large amount of drone comb containing Varroa mites as well as wax moth damage. The infestation has led to dead brood and decreased population numbers. A treatment with Api Life Var has been applied and the hive will be checked further. The survival of the hive is questionable.


text:
Volunteers have now spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy’s fireworks shows during Super Bowl week.

By Lisa Fernandez •  Published February 16, 2016 • Updated on February 17, 2016 at 8:01 am

For the third time, coastal volunteers have gone to clean up San Francisco’s Aquatic Park after the Super Bowl fireworks show. And for the third time, they’ve come back with piles of plastic, junk and remnants of two pyrotechnics shows.

David McGuire, founder of the Ocean Health and Shark Conservation and the nonprofit Shark Stewards, said volunteers have now spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy’s fireworks shows on Jan. 30 on Feb. 6, and again on Feb. 13. And he is wishing aloud for some corporate responsibility.

[]

David McGuire/Shark Stewards
Garbage found on Aquatic Park Beach in San Francisco on Feb. 13, 2016 after third post-Super Bowl cleanup.

After thefirst show, the National Park Service along with Shark Stewards filled four 50-gallon trash cans. After the second show, the Shark Stewards and the San Francisco Dolphin Club picked up about 30 pounds of cardboard and more than 1,000 pieces of plastic and firecracker fuses at the same beach.

Local

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Faced with criticism with the fallout from the first pyrotechnics display, Macy's spokesman Orlando Veras said the company would work with Pryo Spectaculars to prevent any more messes marring the beach. And Macy’s did make some changes to the second show and even dispatched their own employees to help clean up afterwards, Veras said. It appears as though the junk from the second and third cleanups might in fact be fallout from the first show that may have taken some time to wash up on shore, both side agree.

Still, the garbage is not good for the marine life.

San Francisco Baykeeper Executive Director Sejal Choksi-Chugh said her nonprofit agency has the power under the Clean Water Act to enforce keeping the bay clean.  But as of Tuesday, no citations had been issued and no one has paid for the volunteer time to clean up the beach.

“Perhaps it’s time for a conversation with Macy’s,” McGuire said.

[]

[]

[]

question: Where did coastal volunteers go to clean?

answer: Volunteers went to Aquatic Park in San Francisco.

answer: San Francisco's Aquatic Park.

answer: San Francisco's Aquatic Park.

answer: The volunteers cleaned Aquatic Park in San Francisco.

question: After what event did volunteers clean it up?

answer: The Super Bowl fireworks show.

answer: Volunteers cleaned up after the Super Bowl fireworks show.

answer: The volunteers cleaned up after the Macy's fireworks show during Super Bowl week.

answer: The Super Bowl fireworks show.

question: How long did volunteers spend on cleanup?

answer: 23 hours.

answer: 23 hours.

answer: Volunteers have now spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy’s fireworks shows during Super Bowl week.

answer: According to the passage, volunteers have spent 23 hours on cleanup following the two Macy's fireworks shows during Super Bowl week.

question: Which company was responsible for the mess?

answer: Macy's.

answer: Macy's

answer: Macy's

answer: According to the passage, the mess was caused by the Macy's fireworks show.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Volunteers have spent 23 hours cleaning up after the two Macy's fireworks shows during Super Bowl week, but no one has been fined or held responsible for the mess.

text: The summary is less than two sentences.

refinement: Volunteers spent 23 hours cleaning up the San Fransisco aquatic park after the two Macy's fireworks shows during Super Bowl week. However, by Tuesday at the time of the article, no one had been fined or held responsible for the mess.

answer: The article discusses how the Macy's Super Bowl fireworks display leaves a great deal of beach trash at San Francisco's Aquatic Park, and that for the past three years volunteers have had to clean up the beach. A spokesperson for Macy's commented about it and said it would work to prevent any more messes, and others were critical of how the fireworks affected marine life.

answer: Volunteers have spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy's fireworks shows during Super Bowl week. The cleanup was due to the fireworks shows leaving behind piles of plastic, junk, and remnants.

answer: Volunteers have now spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy’s fireworks shows during Super Bowl week.

text: The summary is less than two sentences.

refinement: Volunteers spent 23 hours of cleanup following the two Macy’s fireworks shows during Super Bowl week. For the past three years, volunteers have had to clean up the beach, and according to a spokesperson for Macy's, he suggested that the solution would be to prevent any more messes and ensure it doesn't affect marine life.