text:
CUPID'S INSPIRATION are a British pop group, active with various line up changes since 1968 when they had two hit singles. The band are currently on the road with original drummer Roger Gray re-joining the veteran line up of Paul Shanahan and Bob Poole with Paul Thomas on vocals.

Career

Originally from Stamford, Lincolnshire, the band were at first called The Ends[1] (no relation to The End).

The group scored two Top 40 hits on the UK Singles Chart in 1968. “Yesterday Has Gone”, originally a hit for Little Anthony and The Imperials,[2] reached No. 4 in July of that year, and “My World” went to No. 33 in October.[3] In 1970, lead singer Terry Rice-Milton the vocalist on the hit singles left, replaced by John Lynch and then Martin Cure, who added several musicians from Leamington to the line-up so none of the hit making band remained after these changes.

Rice-Milton had his third hit with “You're my World” in 1970 (a song that had previously been a hit for Cilla Black),[4] while bass player Gordon Haskell later joined King Crimson.[5]

By 1978, the band began writing and recording heavier rock songs. These were performed under a different name, initially '4 Wheel Drive', which they soon changed to 'Chevy', to avoid alienating Cupid's Inspiration fans. They recruited Steve Walwyn, later of Dr. Feelgood to give a “twin guitar” sound. As 'Chevy' they toured supporting bands such as Alvin Lee, Hawkwind and Gillan.<[6] Chevy recorded two BBC In Concert Programmes, issued three singles: “Too Much Loving” / “See the Light”, “The Taker” / “Life on the Run” and “Just Another Day” / “Rock On” and one album _The Taker_, released in September 1980.[7]

In the 1990s and early 2000s, some of the original group played reunion shows with other bands from the era.

In 2010, Bob Poole returned from 18 years in Germany and together with Paul Shanahan, ex Peppermint Circus vocalist Paul Thomas, and ex Ben E King and Barbara Dickinson drummer Rick Medlock reformed Cupid's Inspiration later replacing Rick Medlock with Roger Gray, the original band drummer who played on all the records who had left in 1972.

In September 2012, founder members Terry Rice-Milton and Laughton James, together with Bernie Lee, who was a member during 1968/69, and drummer Tony Peck from The Ends played a reunion concert in their home town of Stamford, which they are hoping to repeat in 2014.

The band's hit single, featuring Terry-Rice Milton, “Yesterday Has Gone” (written by Teddy Randazzo[8] and Victoria Pike) has featured on many compilation albums, including _Sixties Power Ballads - The Greatest Driving Anthems in the World... Ever!_ (2007) as well as their original album _Yesterday Has Gone_ (1969).

Members

-   Terry Rice-Milton (born Terence Bull, 5 June 1946, Stamford, Lincolnshire - lead vocals (to 1970)
-   Laughton James (born James Laughton, 21 December 1946, Stamford, Lincolnshire) - bass guitarist (to October 1968)
-   Garfield Tonkin (born John Sharpe, 28 September 1946, Stamford, Lincolnshire) - keyboards (to 1969)
-   Wyndham George (born Geoffrey Wyndham Hart, 20 February 1947, Stamford, Lincolnshire) - guitar (to October 1968)
-   Bernie Lee (born July 1943, North Wales) - lead guitar (October 1968 to 1970) (ex-Umbrella)
-   Gordon Haskell (born Gordon Hionides, 27 April 1946, Verwood, Dorset, England) - bass (October 1968 to 1969)
-   Roger Gray (born 29 April 1947, Stamford) - drums (to 1972 and 2014)
-   David Morris (London) - electronic organ (1969 onwards)
-   Derek Needham (born 10 October 1945, London) - bass (1969–71)
-   Martin Cure - lead vocals (1970 to 2008)
-   Paul Shanahan - lead guitar/vocals (1970 to 1985 and 2010 to 2014)
-   Jim Batty - guitar (1985 to 2008)
-   Bob Poole - bass guitar/vocals (1970 to 1985 and 2010 to 2014)
-   Andy Chaplin - drums (1970 to 1981)
-   Eamonn Carr - guitar/vocals (1972)
-   Paul Brooke - drums (1981 to 2008)
-   Keith Hancock - bass (1987 to 2008)
-   Ted Duggan - drums (1987 to 2008)
-   Paul Thomas - vocals (2010 to 2014)
-   Kevan Towning (2017 to present)
-   barry Scott (2017 to present)
-   Rick Medlock - drums (2010 to 2013)

[1] Larkin C 'Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music' (Muze UK Ltd, 1997) p137

[2]

[3] Search for “Cupid's Inspiration” performed at Everyhit.com database on 24 April 2008.

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] [ Discography - songs], AllMusic

title: Cupid's Inspiration

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe what makes Cupid's Inspiration's top hits significant.

answer: Their hits are significant because they were based on covers that Paul Thomas sings in 2017. Their hit "4 Wheel Drive," for example, was recorded in 1978 for a different band called Chevy and was based on a Buddy Holly song. However, because the band is still producing music, Paul Thomas and the rest of the band may be the reason behind Cupid's Inspiration getting significant attention in 2017.

answer: The group had two top 40 hits on the UK singles chart in 1968, 'Yesterday Has Gone' and 'My World'. In 1970 they had a further hit with 'You're My World'. The significant thing about these songs is that they were covers, previously hits for other artists.

answer: They penned a Top 40 hit in 1968 and again in the 1970s. They were also part of other bands that helped influence the UK rock scene, including King Crimson, Dr. Feelgood, and Humble Pie.

text: This doesn't answer the question fully

refinement: Cupid's Inspiration's hit singles are significant because they were originally performed by other artists, but the group recorded new versions that enjoyed success under their own name. Two of the group's hits, "Yesterday Has Gone" and "You're My World," were originally recorded by Little Anthony and The Imperials and Cilla Black, respectively. The group itself is also significant because of its various line-up changes since its formation in 1968.

answer: Cupid's Inspiration's hit singles are significant because they were originally performed by other artists, but the group recorded new versions that enjoyed success under their own name. Two of the group's hits, "Yesterday Has Gone" and "You're My World," were originally recorded by Little Anthony and The Imperials and Cilla Black, respectively. The group itself is also significant because of its various line-up changes since its formation in 1968.

answer: Cupid's Inspiration's top hits both reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart in 1968 and 1970 respectively, largely due to their popularity with music fans of the 1960s. Their single "Yesterday Has Gone," originally a hit for Little Anthony and The Imperials, demonstrated their impressive vocal harmonies and knack for transitioning between 1960s pop and rock music. The second hit, "You're My World," was written by Terry Rice-Milton, who left the group shortly after, making these feel especially significant as the work of a band in transition.

text: This doesn't fully answer the question

refinement: Cupid's Inspiration's top hits both reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart in 1968 and 1970 respectively, largely due to their popularity with music fans of the 1960s. Their single "Yesterday Has Gone," originally a hit for Little Anthony and The Imperials, demonstrated their impressive vocal harmonies and knack for transitioning between 1960s pop and rock music. The second hit, "You're My World," was written by Terry Rice-Milton, who left the group shortly after, making these feel especially significant as the work of a band in transition. The significance of their music lay in the fact that they made a success of Covers.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the various name changes of 'Cupid's Inspiration'?

answer: Cupid's Inspiration has changed names numerous times since their formation in 1968. Initially called The Ends, the group changed their name to Cupid's Inspiration shortly after releasing two hit singles. In 1978, the band began writing and recording heavier rock songs under a different name, '4 Wheel Drive', which they later renamed as 'Chevy'. Under this new name, they toured supporting bands including Alvin Lee and Gillan. As Chevy, they recorded one album and 3 singles. In the 1990s, they attended reunion shows with other bands from their era before finally reuniting in 2010 with original drummer Roger Gray back in the fold.

answer: Cupid's Inspiration had many name changes since it was originally called 'The Ends'. Here are the other name changes: In 1976 to '4 Wheel Drive' (to avoid alienating Cupid's Inspiration fans), 'Chevy' in 1978 (including a group name change to the 1970 line-up), 'Cupid's Inspiration' in 1978, 'Cupid's Inspiration II' in 1992, 'Cupid & Johnny' in 1996, 'The Original Inspiration' in 2000, 'Cupid's Inspiration '03' in 2003 to 2008, and 'Cupid's Inspiration' in 2010. The band added several musicians from Leamington to the line-up so none of the hit making band remained after the changes in 1970.

text: The information in this sentence is inaccurate

refinement: Cupid's Inspiration had many name changes since it was originally called 'The Ends'. Here are the other name changes: In 1976 to '4 Wheel Drive' (to avoid alienating Cupid's Inspiration fans), 'Chevy' in 1978 (including a group name change to the 1970 line-up), 'Cupid's Inspiration' in 1978. The band added several musicians from Leamington to the line-up so none of the hit making band remained after the changes in 1970.

answer: The band has undergone numerous name changes through its history. Initially, they were The Ends. The group scored two Top 40 hit singles in 1968 under the name Cupid's Inspiration. In the 1990s and early 2000s, some of the original group played reunion shows under other bands' names. In 2010, the band reform with Bob Poole returning from 18 years in Germany and, together with Paul Shanahan and Paul Thomas, re-create Cupid's Inspiration. The band's hit single, making use of Terry-Rice Milton, had been included on many compilation albums.

text: This fails to fully answer the question

refinement: The band has undergone numerous name changes through its history. Initially, they were The Ends. The group scored two Top 40 hit singles in 1968 under the name Cupid's Inspiration. In 1978 the band changed their name to 4 Wheel Drive and then later to Chevy. In 2010, the band reform with Bob Poole returning from 18 years in Germany and, together with Paul Shanahan and Paul Thomas, re-create Cupid's Inspiration. The band's hit single, making use of Terry-Rice Milton, had been included on many compilation albums.

answer: When the style of the bands music entered into a more heavy rock style they changed the name to '4 Wheel Drive', however in order not to alienate their 'Cupid's Inspiration' fans, they chose to change their name to 'Chevy'. In the 2010's te band reformed under its original name.

text: Spelling error

refinement: When the style of the bands music entered into a more heavy rock style they changed the name to '4 Wheel Drive', however in order not to alienate their 'Cupid's Inspiration' fans, they chose to change their name to 'Chevy'. In the 2010's the band reformed under its original name.

text: The first name of the band is omitted

refinement: The band was first called The Ends. When the style of the bands music entered into a more heavy rock style they changed the name to '4 Wheel Drive', however in order not to alienate their 'Cupid's Inspiration' fans, they chose to change their name to 'Chevy'. In the 2010's te band reformed under its original name.

text: Clumsy sentence structure

refinement: The band was first called The Ends. When their music style changed to heavy rock, they changed the name to '4 Wheel Drive', however in order not to alienate their 'Cupid's Inspiration' fans, they chose to change their name to 'Chevy'. In the 2010's te band reformed under its original name.

text: Clumsy sentence structure

refinement: The band was first called The Ends. When their music style changed to heavy rock, they changed the name to '4 Wheel Drive' So as not to alienate their 'Cupid's Inspiration' fans, the band chose to change their name to 'Chevy'. In the 2010's the band reformed under its original name.

answer:
Cupid's Inspiration is a British pop group active with various line up changes since 1968 when they had two hit singles. The band are currently on the road with original drummer Roger Gray re-joining the veteran line up of Paul Shanahan and Bob Poole with Paul Thomas on vocals.

CUPID'S INSPIRATION is presently Cannibal and the Headhunters without Terry-Rice Milton, who left in 1970.

PUPID'S DELIGHT are now driving rock band Day Swing when drummer Gordon Haskell left in 1969 and was replaced by Martin Cure.

In 1968, they were The Ends.

They called themselves 4 Wheel Drive when they were playing heavier rock songs, and they were Chevy.

In 2010, Bob Poole returned from Germany and joined the band along with Paul Shanahan, Paul Thomas, Rick Medlock, and Roger Gray.

text: This information fails to answer the question.

refinement:
In 1968, they were The Ends.

They called themselves 4 Wheel Drive when they were playing heavier rock songs, and they were Chevy.

In 2010, Bob Poole returned from Germany and joined the band along with Paul Shanahan, Paul Thomas, Rick Medlock, and Roger Gray.

text: Missing information

refinement:
In 1968, they were The Ends.

They called themselves 4 Wheel Drive when they were playing heavier rock songs, and they were Chevy.

In 2010, Bob Poole returned from Germany and joined the band along with Paul Shanahan, Paul Thomas, Rick Medlock, and Roger Gray. They reformed the group calling it Cupid's Inspiration.


split: train

text:
Though starting pitching was an area of strength for the San Diego Padres in 2014, newly hired general manager A.J. Preller is reportedly looking to bolster his rotation this winter.

The Padres have made an incentive-laden one-year offer to Brandon Morrow, the oft-injured 30-year-old who's logged just 87 2/3 innings over the last two seasons, according to Ken Rosenthal of FOX Sports.

Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 campaign with a strained tendon sheath in his right index finger, making just six starts before landing on the disabled list in May. Despite working exclusively as a starter throughout his five-year tenure with the Toronto Blue Jays, Morrow made eight relief appearances after returning from the disabled list in September and finished the season with a 5.67 ERA over 33 1/3 innings.

As such, Morrow has received offers from clubs interested in using him in a relief role, but the former first-round pick prefers to sign with a team that will give him an opportunity to start.

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question: Why did Morrow miss the majority of the 2014 campaign?

answer: Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 campaign because of a strained tendon sheath in his right index finger.

answer: Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 campaign due to a strained tendon sheath.

text: A little more detail is offered in the article and should be reflected in the answer.

refinement: Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 campaign due to a strained tendon sheath in his right index finger.

answer: Morrow injured his right index finger, which caused him to miss most of the 2014 season.

answer: He strained a tendon sheath in his right index finger.

question: How long was Morrow with the Blue Jays?

answer: Five years.

answer: Morrow was with the Blue Jays for five years.

answer: Five years.

answer: Morrow was with the Blue Jays for five years.

question: Who did the Padres hire as a general manager?

answer:
A. A.J. Preller
B. A.J. Preller
C. A.J. Preller
D. A.J. Preller

text: The answer need not be repeated four times.

answer: A.J. Preller

answer: The Padres hired AJ Preller as general manager.

answer: A. A.J. Preller

text: Unnecessary labeling of answer.

question: What role is Morrow wanting?

answer: Morrow wants to be a starter.

answer: Morrow wants a starting role, not a relief role, despite his injury.

text: Unnecessary detail: 'despite his injury.'

refinement: Morrow wants a starting role, not a relief role.

answer: Morrow is wanting to be a starter.

answer: Morrow is reportedly looking for a team that will give him an opportunity to start.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The San Diego Padres are reportedly interested in signing Brandon Morrow, a 30-year-old pitcher who has struggled with injuries in recent years. Morrow would prefer to be used as a starter, but the Padres are reportedly interested in him as a reliever.

answer: The San Diego Padres are looking to bolster their rotation. They have made an incentive-laden one-year offer to Brandon Morrow, who has logged just 87 2/3 innings over the last two seasons.

text: Answer should mention his injury and preferred role.

refinement: The San Diego Padres have made an incentive-laden one-year offer to Brandon Morrow, an oft-injured player who has logged just 87 2/3 innings over the last two seasons. Morrow would prefer to be offered a role as a starter, however he has been offered relief roles by various clubs.

answer: The San Diego Padres have made an incentive-laden one-year offer to Brandon Morrow, the oft-injured 30-year-old who's logged just 87 2/3 innings over the last two seasons. Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 campaign with a strained tendon sheath in his right index finger, making just six starts before landing on the disabled list in May. Despite working exclusively as a starter throughout his five-year tenure with the Toronto Blue Jays, Morrow made eight relief appearances after returning from the disabled list in September and finished the season with a 5.67 ERA over 33 1/3 innings. As such, Morrow has received offers from clubs interested in using him in a relief role, but the former first-round pick prefers to sign with a team that will give him an opportunity to start.

text: Too many sentences. (4 instead of 2)

refinement: The San Diego Padres have made an incentive-laden one-year offer to Brandon Morrow, the oft-injured 30-year-old who's logged just 87 2/3 innings over the last two seasons. Morrow has received offers from clubs interested in using him in a relief role, but the former first-round pick prefers to sign with a team that will give him an opportunity to start.

answer: The Padres have made Brandon Morrow an offer to join them, despite his injury. Morrow missed the majority of the 2014 season due to his injury, but wants to sign with a club offering him a starting role.


text:
Return to form: Daniel Sturridge.

Daniel Sturridge made a dream return to the visitors’ starting line-up after injury with a 16th-minute opener that set Liverpool on course for a crushing victory.

And Villa then wilted as they slumped to their heaviest home defeat of the post-1992 Premier League era to slide closer to relegation, ending the day eight points adrift of the safety line.

Jurgen Klopp’s Liverpool produced a slick display to claim a first win in six games in all competitions.

There were six different goalscorers as James Milner, Emre Can, Divock Origi, Nathaniel Clyne and Kolo Toure added to Sturridge’s effort.

However, the home side helped with a feeble display that saw thousands of fans head for the exits with less than an hour played as four goals in 14 second-half minutes set Liverpool on course for a huge win.

Those that remained turned on owner Randy Lerner with chants against the American, while Liverpool’s comprehensive win took them eighth in the table, just three points behind Manchester United in the Europa League place.

For Sturridge, who played for Villa as a schoolboy, it was the perfect way to mark his first league start since October following a series of injury setbacks.

Villa had enjoyed the better of the opening exchanges, passing the ball neatly and crisply.

But they failed to create even a half-chance to test Simon Mignolet in the Liverpool goal and paid the price when Sturridge opened the scoring.

The forward ghosted between Villa defenders Joleon Lescott and Aly Cissokho, who failed to track his run.

That left him with the simple task of heading home Philippe Coutinho’s delicious cross from around six yards out.

Villa’s approach play remained encouraging, but Mignolet made a simple catch from a Jores Okore header before Ashley Westwood tried his luck from distance with a shot that flew well wide.

Liverpool, however, continued to pose the greater threat in possession and a set-piece brought the second goal on 25 minutes.

Okore was guilty of conceding a needless free-kick on the Villa right and Milner’s delivery evaded everyone, including goalkeeper Mark Bunn, and nestled inside the far post.

It owed much to fortune, but from that moment Villa caved in.

The Merseysiders ought to have added to their lead on the half-hour when Villa’s shell-shocked defenders gifted them another chance.

Milner was given time and space for a cushioned header from a cross by Roberto Firmino, but Jordan Henderson saw his low drive deflected wide off Okore.

Liverpool began to take control with Bunn saving a shot by Firmino and then, a minute before half-time, diving to his right to pull off a better save from a curling effort by Sturridge.

Early in the second half Leandro Bacuna cut in from the flank for Villa, but his tame shot was held at the second attempt by Mignolet.

Villa imploded again in the 58th minute when Can started and finished the move for Liverpool’s third goal.

Bacuna’s awful first touch allowed Can to win possession and feed Firmino before continuing his run, receiving the Brazilian’s pull-back and hammering home a shot from the edge of the area.

It was 4-0 five minutes later when Coutinho’s fine pass exploited a Villa defence in disarray and Origi controlled the ball with his first touch of the game and finished with his second.

[]

Clyne added the fifth by forcing home the rebound after Bunn saved his initial shot in a goalmouth scramble.

And Villa’s embarrassment deepened when they gave Toure a free header on 71 minutes to nod home a Henderson cross for 6-0.

Thousands of seats had emptied by the 80th minute, but the Villa fans that remained mustered ironic cheers as substitute Scott Sinclair played a one-two with Lescott and curled a shot against the woodwork.

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Daniel Sturridge's career?

answer: Daniel Sturridge had an injury so did not play for a while. Now he returns and has a chance to mark his first league start after a series of injury setbacks. He played for Villa as a schoolboy.

text: Sturridge doesn't have a chance to mark his return. He already did.

refinement: Daniel Sturridge had an injury so did not play for a while. He returned to the field in the last match against Aston Villa and opened the scoresheet, marking his return superbly. He played for Villa as a schoolboy.

answer: The text indicates that Daniel Sturridge returned to the starting line-up for the visiting side after a series of injury setbacks and scored the first goal of the game to help lead Liverpool to a crushing victory against Aston Villa. Despite Villa's better start in the opening exchanges, Liverpool took control in the second half and scored five more goals. Sturridge played an important role in the victory and helped to lead Liverpool to eighth in the table.

text: The second and third sentences are irrelevant to the question.

refinement: The text indicates that Daniel Sturridge returned to the starting line-up for the visiting side after a series of injury setbacks and scored the first goal of the game to help lead Liverpool to a crushing victory against Aston Villa.

text: The answer should mention that Sturridge used to play for Aston Villa as a child.

refinement: The text indicates that Daniel Sturridge returned to the starting line-up for the visiting side after a series of injury setbacks and scored the first goal of the game to help lead Liverpool to a crushing victory against Aston Villa. Sturridge used to play for Villa as a schoolboy.

answer: The text says that Daniel Sturridge made a dream return to the visitors' starting line-up after injury with a 16th-minute opener that set Liverpool on course for a crushing victory. Sturridge provided Liverpool with the initial goal and added a second before the half-hour mark. He was productive throughout the rest of the game and eventually helped the team earn a 6-0 win. Such performance illustrates that Sturridge is back to form after being sidelined by injury.

answer: Sturridge started playing for Liverpool and then for Aston Villa as a schoolboy. This marked his first return to Anfield since he last played for the club against Tottenham Hotspur on October 4, 2014. He scored a goal and was considered a perfect way to mark his return to form.

text: The answer makes up facts about Sturridge playing against Tottenham in 2014. In fact, Sturridge is returning to play from injury.

refinement: Sturridge started playing for Liverpool and then for Aston Villa as a schoolboy. This marked his return to the field after an injury streak. He scored a goal and was considered a perfect way to mark his return to form.

text: The first sentence is constructed confusingly. It should simply state that Sturridge used to play for Aston Villa and now plays for Liverpool.

refinement: Sturridge was on the field against Aston Villa, whom he played for as a schoolboy. This marked his return to the field after an injury streak. He scored a goal and was considered a perfect way to mark his return to form.

text: The third sentence is constructed awkwardly. It should simply state that Sturridge's goal was a perfect way to mark his return.

refinement: Sturridge was on the field against Aston Villa, whom he played for as a schoolboy. This marked his return to the field after an injury streak. He scored a goal, a perfect way to mark his return.

answer: Sturridge is a Liverpool football club player who scored the first goal in the game against Aston Villa on his first league game after injury. This was the perfect chance for Sturridge to prove his ability as a striker again after his injury setback. He played for Aston Villa as a schoolboy and makes his starting lineup and score his first league goal ever since October by transferring from Aston Villa to Liverpool FC as a schoolboy.

text: The answer falsely claims that Sturridge transferred to Liverpool as a child, which isn't attested by the text. Additionally the answer claims Sturridge makes the first team for Villa, but he plays for Liverpool.

refinement: Sturridge is a Liverpool football club player who scored the first goal in the game against Aston Villa on his first league game after injury. This was the perfect chance for Sturridge to prove his ability as a striker again after his injury setback. He played for Aston Villa as a schoolboy.


text:
BRIDGER is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. It comprises the Bridger Bowl Ski Area and some nearby residences on the eastern side of the Bridger Range in southwestern Montana. As of the 2010 census the Bridger CDP had a population of 30.[1]

Montana Highway 86 forms the eastern edge of the CDP, leading north and east to Wilsall and south and west to Bozeman. Bridger Creek, a tributary of the Gallatin River, flows southwards through the eastern part of the CDP.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Bridger CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.16%, is water.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana

question: What is a census-designated place?

answer: A census-designated place (CDP) is a type of geographical unit defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each census tract, and are designed for the purpose of aggregating census data. They typically have a population of 30 or fewer.

answer: This information is not given in the text. It is possible that it is an unincorporated place that is statistically significant.

answer: A census-designated place (CDP) is a small geographical area defined and designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data.

question: Summarize the contents of Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana.

answer: Bridger is a census-designated place in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. It is made up of the Bridger Bowl Ski Area and some nearby residences on the eastern side of the Bridger Range in southwestern Montana. Bridger Creek is a tributary of the Gallatin River, which flows south.

answer: Bridger has a population of 30 people. It comprises the Bridger Bowl Ski Area and some nearby residences. Bridger Creek also runs through this area. Bridger Creek is a tributary to the Gallatin River.

answer: The Bridger Bowl Ski Area and nearby residences are in Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Bridger has an area of 0.1621 square kilometers.

text: The area is not stated in the article

refinement: The Bridger Bowl Ski Area and nearby residences are in Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 0.16% of Bridger's area is water.

question: What part of Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana is covered with water?

answer: 0.16% part of Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana is water.

answer: 0.16% of the Bridger CDP is covered with water.

answer: 0.16%

question: What significance does Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana have?

answer: Bridger, Gallatin County, Montana is located near the Bridger Range and the Bridger Creek

answer: The Bridger Bowl ski area should be a tourist attraction.

text: The model should not give an opinion

answer: Bridger is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. Bridger comprises a ski resort in southwestern Montana.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Bridger is a small census-designated place in southwestern Montana made up of the Bridger Bowl Ski Area and some nearby residences.

answer: Bridger is a small town in Gallatin County, Montana that is centered around the Bridger Bowl Ski Area.

answer: Bridger is a Census-Designated Place in southwest Montana, situated near the Bridger Range. The town includes the ski resort, Bridger Bowl, as well as a few nearby residences.

answer: Bridger, Gallatin county, Montana is a census-designated place with a population of 30 in rural Montana.

answer: Bridger is a low-population census-designated place in Gallatin County, Montana with access to skiing and hiking trails.

answer: Bridger is part of the Bridger Range in southwestern Montana and includes the local ski area.


text:
LYUDMYLA LEONTIIVNA DENISOVA[1] (; ) (born July 6, 1960 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labor and Social Policy who on 15 March 2018 was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[2][3]

Biography

Raised by her mother Nina Ivanovna Ankudinova (born 1934) in Arkhangelsk Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).[4]

Professional career

Denisova was a teacher at a preschool in the Russian city of Arkhangelsk (school №78, 1979–80).[5] For the next nine years Denisova held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court.[6] In 1989, she moved to Ukraine and became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine (1990–91).[7] From 1991 she worked in the Republic of Crimea's Administration of the pension fund until 1998.[8]

Political career

In 1998 Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.[9] In Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was named Politician of the Year in 2001. In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours and charged with power abuse.[10] Denisova has stated she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document.[11] This criminal case was soon closed.[12]

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) since 2005.[13] During the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament).

Minister

On December 18, 2007, Yulia Tymoshenko, with a margin of two votes, was elected Prime Minister.[14] and the second Tymoshenko Government was formed between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in which Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy.

In October 2009 Denisova was ranked 15th in a top 100 of “most influential women in Ukraine” compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus (six places lower than non-minister and fellow Batkivshchina member Natalia Korolevska).[15]

2010 Crimean parliamentary election

Denisova headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election.[16] Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[17]

2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Denisova was placed at number 38 on the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[18] She was re-elected into parliament.[19]

2nd minister post

On 27 February 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government.[20]

In September 2014 Denisova became a founding member of her new party People's Front.[21]

2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Denisova was re-elected into parliament placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front.[22][23][24]

On 15 March 2018 the Ukrainian parliament elected Denisova Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[25]

[1]  Short bio, LIGA

[2] https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/15/7174734/

[3] Maidan nominates Yatseniuk for prime minister, Interfax-Ukraine (26 February 2014)
Ukrainian parliament endorses new cabinet, Interfax-Ukraine (27 February 2014)

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Новый состав Кабмина принят единогласно , news.mediaport.ua

[10] Is She Next?, Kyiv Post (September 3, 2010)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]  Рейтинг Фокуса: 100 самых влиятельных женщин и 100 деталей о них , Focus

[16] Liudmyla Denisova heads electoral list of Crimean branch of Batkivschyna Party, Kyiv Post (September 30, 2010)

[17]  Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)

[18] They Call Themselves the Opposition, The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012)

[19]  Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)

[20]

[21] Yatseniuk elected head of political council of People's Front Party , Demotix (9 September 2014)

[22] Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament , Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)

[23]  Full electoral list of “Fatherland” , TVi (15 September 2014)

[24]  Electoral list of People's Front, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 September 2014)

[25]

title: Lyudmyla Denisova

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's education?

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: For clarity, the response should include the year Denisova graduated from each school.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, the Leningrad State University in 1989, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, then the Leningrad State University in 1989, and finally the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She completed her state certification at the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The passage does not state what Denisova completed at the Leningrad State University and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law. Hence, the response should not include information about completing her state certification and license.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, the Leningrad State University in 1989, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School and the Leningrad State University.

text: It is omitted that Denisova also graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: For clarity, the response should include the year Denisova graduated from each school.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, the Leningrad State University in 1989, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's political career?

answer: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as a teacher and moving on to various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Denisova's being a teacher is not part of her political career. It's under her professional career.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career. She had various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It should be included in the response that Denisova's political career began in 1998 when she became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998 and moving on she had various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: "Post" should be pluralized.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998 and moving on she had various posts within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: The sentence is missing commas.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998 and moving on she had various posts within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government, and in 2014, she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: The response should include that Denisova's political career started in 1998 when she became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.

refinement: Denisova's political career started in 1998 when she became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: For fluency, the phrase "as a member of" should be replaced with "in."

refinement: Denisova's political career started in 1998 when she became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It should be "she was re-elected."

refinement: Denisova's political career started in 1998 when she became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She was re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

answer:
As Minister of Finance she held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court between 1979 and 1990. Following that, Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: The first sentence is inaccurate information. The article does not say that Denisova was a Minister of Finance while holding posts in Arkhangelsk provincial law court. Also, the year range is inaccurate. It's not between 1979 and 1990. The sentence should be removed completely.

refinement:
Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Denisova's role as the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee is not part of her political career but her professional career.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Hours should be spelled out, and a space should be inserted between the number and word.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: "Supreme Council of Crimea" should have the article "the" before it.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: The appropriate verb tense to be used is "has been" not "is."

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.

answer: In 1998, Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was named Politician of the Year in 2001. She has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005, and during the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada. In 2009, she was ranked the 15th most influential woman in Ukraine. She was re-elected to parliament in 2012. In 2014, she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In the same year, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.


text:
The contract for Cyprus’ first integrated casino resort, the only one of its kind in Europe, was signed on Monday in Nicosia between the gaming authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium and is designed to provide for an investment of €500m, attract an extra 300,000 tourists a year, and to add 4,000 jobs.

The contract was signed at the Filoxenia Conference Centre between the president of the National Gaming Authority and Andy Choy, chief gaming officer, of the consortium of Melco International Development Ltd, Seminole HR Holdings LLC (Melco Hard Rock) and CNS Group (Cyprus Phassouri Zakaki Ltd).
Energy, Commerce and Tourism Minister Yiorkos Lakkotrypis, who addressed the event, touted the fact that the Limassol complex would be the only integrated casino resort in Europe, which will be based in Limassol, and will include four satellite casinos in Nicosia, Larnaca, Famagusta and Paphos.

The main resort will also be the largest casino in Europe, the minister said with 136 gaming tables, 1,200 gaming machines, a luxury hotel with 500 rooms with the capacity for expansion, a conference hall spanning 6,000 square metres that can accommodate audiences of 1,500, and a wellness centre covering 4,000 square metres.

“Total investment is expected to exceed half a billion euros and is estimated to create more than 4,000 jobs during the construction phase and the same number during operation,” Lakkotrypis said.
“This is undoubtedly, a project that will enrich our tourism product, attracting an additional 300,000 tourists annually and contributing significantly to combating seasonality,” he added.

The casino licence allows for the operation of an integrated casino resort in Cyprus for 30 years, as a monopoly for the first 15. Finance Minister Harris Georgiades said earlier this year that the casinos would bring in €100m a year in taxes.

The satellite casino in Nicosia is estimated to be up and running this year, and a temporary casino in Limassol – until the full-blown casino resort is ready. This will likely be located at the current premises of the Monte Caputo nightspot on Amathus Avenue. Construction on the resort – which will include a luxury hotel and theme parks – is expected to be completed by late 2019 or early 2020.

Lakkotrypis said that due to its size and importance, the casino was probably the most important project Cyprus has seen in decades.

He also said it was important that part of the government’s vision was that the casino would operate in a controlled manner so that vulnerable groups would be protected.

The previous government under Demetris Christofias had vowed to never allow a casino for social reasons but the financial crisis in 2013 prompted the current government to see it as a way to attract investment. Lakkotrypis said the age restriction has been set at 21.

“Our goal is the improvement of incoming tourism, increasing arrivals, and average spending per capita, and also to see this contribute to the ongoing efforts to address the problem of seasonality in the Cypriot tourism industry,” he said.

“Our other strategic objective was the creation of new jobs and additional tax revenue, supporting sectors that will be associated with the casino, and attracting further foreign investment.”

The casino operations will be overseen by the six-member National Gaming Authority, set up only five months ago, headed by Christos Mavrellis who said during the signing ceremony that its mission would be among other duties, to make sure the operation did not fall under criminal influence or exploitation.

The body will also make sure the games in the casino are conducted honestly, to make sure the operator complies with the terms of the licence and to monitor any negative social consequences.

“We shall exercise our authority and perform our duties and responsibilities in good faith always aiming at making this ambitious project a success,” he said.

question: Who is signing a contract for the first integrated casino resort?

answer: The gaming authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium.

answer: The National Gaming Authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium are signing a contract for the first integrated casino resort.

answer: The gaming authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium.

answer: The National Gaming Authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium

question: What is the size of the investment?

answer: The investment is €500 million.

text: It is incorrectly stated that the investment is 500 million euros.

refinement: The investment is expected to exceed half a billion euros.

answer: The investment for the integrated casino resort is estimated to be €500 million.

text: It is incorrectly stated that the investment is 500 million euros.

refinement: The investment for the integrated casino resort is estimated to exceed half a billion euros.

answer: The total investment is expected to exceed half a billion euros.

answer: over 500 million euros

text: It is incorrectly stated that the total investment is over 500 million euros.

refinement: The total investment is expected to exceed half a billion euros.

question: How big will the casino be?

answer: The casino will be the largest casino in Europe, with 136 gaming tables and 1,200 gaming machines.

answer: The largest casino in Europe with 136 gaming tables, 1,200 gaming machines, a luxury hotel with 500 rooms with the capacity for expansion, a conference hall spanning 6,000 square meters that can accommodate audiences of 1,500

answer: The casino will be the largest casino in Europe, with 136 gaming tables, 1,200 gaming machines, a luxury hotel with 500 rooms with the capacity for expansion, a conference hall spanning 6,000 square metres that can accommodate audiences of 1,500, and a wellness centre covering 4,000 square metres.

answer: The casino will be the largest in Europe.

text: The specifications of the casino are omitted.

refinement: The casino will be the largest in Europe. It is said to have 136 gaming tables, 1200 gaming machines, luxury hotel with 500 rooms, a conference hall spanning 6000 square metres, and a wellness centre covering 4000 square metres.

question: How will the project contribute to the economy in Cyprus?

answer: The project is expected to create 4,000 jobs during the construction phase and the same number during operation.

text: It is omitted that it will attract 300,000 tourists annually.

refinement: The project is expected to create 4,000 jobs during the construction phase and the same number during operation. It will also attract an additional 300,000 tourists annually.

answer: Beside creating 4,000 jobs, it will enrich tourism, attracting an additional 300,000 tourists annually

answer: The casino project is expected to bring in significant investment and create thousands of jobs, as well as generate tax revenue. This is seen as a way to help combat seasonality in the Cypriot tourism industry.

text: The numbers are omitted.

refinement: The casino project is expected to bring in significant investment and create more than 4000 jobs, as well as generate tax revenue. This is seen as a way to help combat seasonality in the Cypriot tourism industry by attracting 300,000 tourists annually.

answer: The project will bring in €100m a year in taxes.

text: It is omitted that the project will create 4,000 jobs and attract an additional 300,000 tourists annually.

refinement: The project will bring in €100m a year in taxes. It will also create 4,000 jobs and attract an additional 300,000 tourists annually.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer:
A new contract signed between the gaming authority and the Melco Hard Rock will pave the way for the first integrated casino resort in Cyprus.
The main resort will be the largest casino in Europe and its total investment will exceed half a billion euros.

answer: The contract for Cyprus’ first integrated casino resort, the only one of its kind in Europe, was signed on Monday in Nicosia between the gaming authority and the Melco Hard Rock consortium and is designed to provide for an investment of €500m, attract an extra 300,000 tourists a year, and to add 4,000 jobs.

answer: The National Gaming Authority signed a contract with the Melco Hard Rock consortium for the construction of Cyprus' first integrated casino resort, which is expected to create 4,000 jobs and attract an additional 300,000 tourists a year. The casino will be overseen by the National Gaming Authority to ensure compliance with the terms of the licence and to monitor any negative social consequences.

answer: The article is about the signing of a contract for Cyprus' first integrated casino resort. The casino will be the only one of its kind in Europe and will be located in Limassol.


text:
NUALA NÍ CHONCHÚIR (born 14 January 1970) is an Irish writer and poet.

Biography

Born in Dublin in 1970, Nuala Ní Chonchúir is a full-time fiction writer and poet, living in County Galway. She has published one novel, four collections of short fiction and three poetry collections - one in an anthology. She holds a BA in Irish from Trinity College Dublin and a Masters in Translation Studies (Irish/English) from Dublin City University. She has worked as an arts administrator in theatre and in a writers' centre; as a translator, as a bookseller and also in a university library. Nuala teaches creative writing on a part-time basis.[1]

Her short story “The Wind Across the Grass” (the title story from her 2004 collection) won the RTÉ Francis MacManus Award in 2002.

Ní Chonchúir was featured in _The Irish Times_ “People to watch in the year ahead” on Saturday 3 January 2009.[2]

She was writer in residence for the 2009 Cúirt International Festival of Literature.[3]

Her third short story collect, _Nude_, was published in Autumn 2009 by Salt Publishing.[4]

In November 2009 her poetry pamphlet _Portrait of the Artist With a Red Car_ was published by Templar Poetry.[5]

2010 saw the publication of her first novel - _You_ was published in April by New island books.[6]

Her poetry collection _The Juno Charm_ was published by Salmon Poetry in November 2011.[7]

Her fourth short story collection, _Mother America_, was published in June 2012 by New island books.[8] The story “Peach”, from the collection, was published in _Prairie Schooner_{{'}}s Winter 2011 issue and was nominated for the 2012 Pushcart Prize.[9]

She has also written an essay for the Wales Arts Review's Bloomsday edition.[10]

In September 2013 Tower Press (USA) published _Of Dublin and Other Fictions_, a chapbook collection of Nuala's flash fiction.[11]

Her second novel, _Closet of Savage Mementos_, published by New island books in April 2014, was shortlisted for The Kerry Group Irish Novel of the Year Award 2015.[12]

In October 2014 she was nominated for the Laureate for Irish Fiction.[13]

Nuala's third novel, _Miss Emily_, was published by Penguin USA and Penguin Canada in July 2015, and by Sandstone Press in August of the same year. This was her first novel as _Nuala O'Connor_.[14]

_Miss Emily_ was shortlisted for the Eason Book Club novel of the Year 2015[15] and was nominated for the 2017 Dublin International Literary Award.[16]

Review quotations

“...The novel flows beautifully and is understated in tone... This gem is sure to win her further acclaim. Nuala Ní Chonchúir is a writer to watch.”[17]

“… one of Ireland's most unusual and creative minds; [her fiction is] dressed in modernity, a ritual playing of the bones of Irish storytelling.” [18]

“Look for some big things to come from Galway's Ní Chonchúir. She has such a diversity of work and can say so much in just a few words that it's obvious she's also an award-winning poet. Her stories are filled with very astute observations, some humorous, some sad.”[19]

“..._Nude_, with its thematic discipline, is a memorable achievement. As with Brendan Kennelly’s ground-breaking collection of poetry, _Cromwell_, it is satisfying to sit down with a book that sets itself an explorative, self-questioning agenda, full of witty voices rendering adventures both savage and absurd.” _The Irish Times_[20]

“..._You_ deserves to find a place in our pantheon of much-admired, beautifully crafted variations on a theme” _The Irish Times_[21]

“...[You] flows beautifully and is understated in tone. The author, who lives in Co Galway, has already won prizes for her poetry and short stories. This gem is sure to win her further acclaim. Nuala Ní Chonchúir is a writer to watch.” _Irish Examiner_[22]

Bibliography

Novel

-   _You_ (2010 as Nuala Ní Chonchúir),
-   _The Closet of Savage Mementos_ (2014 as Nuala Ní Chonchúir),
-   _Miss Emily_ (2015 as Nuala O'Connor),
-   _Becoming Belle_ (2018 as Nuala O'Connor),

Short story collections

All as Nuala Ní Chonchúir

-   _The Wind Across the Grass_ (2004),
-   _To The World of Men, Welcome_ (2005),
-   _Nude_ (2009),
-   _Mother America_ (2012)
-   _Of Dublin and Other Fictions_ Chapbook (2013),

Poetry collections

All as Nuala Ní Chonchúir

-   _Molly's Daughter (From Divas:new Irish women's writing)_ (2003),
-   _Tattoo:Tatú_ (2007),
-   _Portrait of the Artist With a Red Car_ (2009),
-   _The Juno Charm_ (2011),

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] _Portrait of the Artist With a Red Car_ (Templarpoetry.co.uk)

[6]

[7] _The Juno Charm_ (salmonpoetry.com)

[8]

[9] _Prairie Schooner Winter 2011_

[10]

[11] _Of Dublin and Other Fictions_ (Tower Press)

[12] _The Kerry Group Irish Novel of the Year Award 2015_

[13] _The Arts Council list of nominees for the Laureate for Irish Fiction._

[14] Penguin Author Page

[15] _Eason Book Club Novel of the Year 2015_

[16] [_Dublin International Literary Award 2017_

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

title: Nuala Ní Chonchúir

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Nuala Ni Chonchuir's life.

answer: Nuala Ní Chonchúir is a full-time fiction writer and poet, born in Dublin in 1970. Her short story “The Wind Across the Grass” won the RTÉ Francis MacManus Award in 2002. She was featured in _The Irish Times_ "People to watch in the year ahead" article in 2009, and her first novel, _You_ was published in April 2010. Furthermore, her third short story collection, _Nude_, was published in 2009, and in 2013 an essay of hers was published in the Wales Arts Review and she was nominated for the Laureate for Irish Fiction in October 2014. Lastly, in July 2015 her second novel, _Miss Emily_, was published.

answer: Nuala Ni Chonchuir is an Irish writer and poet. She was born in Dublin in 1970 and raised there. She lived in County Galway in Ireland. Ni Chonchuir went to Trinity College Dublin, followed by Dublin City University to work on a Masters in Translation Studies (Irish/English). She published her first novel in 2010—it was titled 'You'. She was also a writer-in-residence for the 2009 'Cúirt International Festival of Literature'; and was later nominated for the Laureate for Irish Fiction.  She teaches part-time and writes several fiction books. She was featured in The Irish Times “People to watch in the year ahead” on Saturday, January 3rd 2009.

text: The input does not indicate that Chonchuir was raised in Dublin

refinement: Nuala Ni Chonchuir is an Irish writer and poet. She was born in Dublin in 1970. She lived in County Galway in Ireland. Ni Chonchuir went to Trinity College Dublin, followed by Dublin City University to work on a Masters in Translation Studies (Irish/English). She published her first novel in 2010—it was titled 'You'. She was also a writer-in-residence for the 2009 'Cúirt International Festival of Literature'; and was later nominated for the Laureate for Irish Fiction.  She teaches part-time and writes several fiction books. She was featured in The Irish Times “People to watch in the year ahead” on Saturday, January 3rd 2009.

answer: Born in Dublin in 1970, Nuala Ni Chonchuir is a full-time fiction writer and poet living in County Galway. She has published one novel, four collections of short fiction, and three poetry collections. Her work has been recognized with Francis MacManus Award and several nominations.

text: Correct the number of novels

refinement: Born in Dublin in 1970, Nuala Ni Chonchuir is a full-time fiction writer and poet living in County Galway. She has published three novels, four collections of short fiction, and three poetry collections. Her work has been recognized with Francis MacManus Award and several nominations.

answer: She was born in Dublin. She is a writer and poet. She hold a BA in Irish from Trinity College Dublin and a Masters In Translation Studies from Dublin City University. She has worked as a translator, bookseller and in a university library. She teaches creative writing on a part-time basis.

answer: She was born on January 4th, 1970. After graduating with a BA in Irish, she had worked a variety of jobs that ranged from translations, writing, academia, and arts administration. She takes part-time courses as an artist and writer, and teaches part-time.

text: Correct the date

refinement: She was born on January 14th, 1970. After graduating with a BA in Irish, she had worked a variety of jobs that ranged from translations, writing, academia, and arts administration. She takes part-time courses as an artist and writer, and teaches part-time.

text: The text does not say she is still taking courses

refinement: She was born on January 14th, 1970. After graduating with a BA in Irish, she had worked a variety of jobs that ranged from translations, writing, academia, and arts administration. She teaches part-time.

text: Change the tense of "had worked"

refinement: She was born on January 14th, 1970. After graduating with a BA in Irish, she worked a variety of jobs that ranged from translations, writing, academia, and arts administration. She teaches part-time.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What do reviewers praise about Ni Chonchuir's work?

answer: Many reviewers praise Ní Chonchúir's stories and poetry as diverse, intelligent and astute, with witty voices rendering both savage and absurd adventures. They also praise her prose as beautiful and understated.

answer: Most reviewers praise Ni Chonchuir's work for its beauty and experimentation. Her writing is lauded for its lyrical qualities and for its modern voice which also maintains roots in Irish storytelling. Her works also receive praise for their diversity and for their well-observed themes.

answer: They praise the beauty in her work and threads of Irish myth and legend that weave through it. Simple, yet beautiful, her work is a masterstroke.

text: No reviewer mentions Irish myth or legend or calls her work a "masterstroke"

text: Include more details

refinement: They praise the beauty in her work. In particular, they praise the diversity of her work and note that her stories are filled with very astute observations, some humorous, some sad.

answer: Reviewers praise her work's tone and flow. They all state she is a writer who is important to watch. They also praise the diversity of her work.

answer: Her comedic wit and perceptions.

text: Not a response

text: Provide a response

refinement: They say her work flows beautifully, and they praise the diversity of her work. They also note that her stories are filled with very astute observations, some humorous, some sad.


text:
(I never wrote anything before, just putting this out here)

With just two breathes of air, I was born. I swam up into the air flying upwards towards the crystal blue sky. I heard laughter as I soared upwards, followed by the smell of pollen in the air. I looked down to see a blond haired toddler giggling at me while she blew more of my brothers and sisters. The air outside felt cool, refreshing, while the air inside me was hot and expanding.
	What a dazzling view, I thought to myself. I see massive trees giving shade to those below. The bees running from vibrant flower towards their hives. Laugher, music, cars, and the wind. The wind is the most pleasant. I notice it takes me where it wishes me to go. The wind is my companion. I can go all over with the wind, the wind is my ride, the wind is my key to life, the wind is my road.
	"All roads come to an end", said a unsettling voice.
I was startled, who else was here with me? "Who's there?"
"Why, I am your companion. I am your road. I am the wind."
"The wind? What do you mean?"
"All roads come to an end, and so will I."
"But that means my life would be over. I would lose everything I have seen. I am free this way."
"You are free but everything comes to an end."
"Everything I would have seen would be worthless, making me worthless. Why?"
"Everything ends just like new things begin."
"I don't want to go, I haven't seen the world yet. Please. I am desperate"
"Don't you realize how great your life has been?"
"How so? Its going to end."
"Don't be mad at its ending. Smile because it happened."
And with that, I looked upon myself, everything I've seen. I've seen the laughter of children, the blinding yellow sun, the pristine blue sky. I've smelled the honey of bees and heard the beauty of music. It was a joyous time, although a short one. It was worth something and so was I.

title: The bubble and the wind.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How was the narrator able to speak as a newborn?

answer: The narrator was able to speak because they had already been alive for two breathes of air. They could experience and see the world through their eyes.

text: This still doesn't solve the mystery of why they can speak.

answer: That information is not known.

answer: The narrator was able to speak because they were born with fresh air in their lungs. This allowed them to inhale and exhale freely and voice their thoughts.

text: It's still a mystery.

answer: She is narrator-God.

text: This is possible but there is no proof. Also, their gender isn't mentioned.

refinement: They might be a narrator-God. It is not really explained.

answer: The other entity implied it had already existed for a while.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who was the narrator speaking with?

answer: The narrator was speaking with the wind.

answer: It is not stated.

answer: The narrator was speaking with the wind.

answer: The narrator was speaking with the wind but it was said by the wind personification that all roads end and everything that comes to an end also starts again.

answer: The narrator's companion.

text: The wind becomes the narrator's companion, but what they are truly is unknown, so acceptable answers are: unknown, the wind, or some form of a god.

refinement: The narrator's companion might be the wind, or some form of a god. We're not really told so this is sort of unknown.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What's the relationship between the narrator and the other person he/she was speaking with?

answer: That information is not known.

answer: The narrator was speaking to the wind. Their relationship is that the wind is the narrator's companion and also signals the end of the narrator's life. Though the ending is scary, the narrator eventually accepts it and is grateful for all the beauty in the world that they saw.

answer: We do not know. He pointed out that he only has two breaths of air at birth.

answer: The narrator and the other person appear to be friends. The other person appears to be advising the narrator not to be sad about the ending of his/her life because it has been joyful.

text: They are friendly, but I don't think the term friends covers it, and I don't think the entity is a person.

refinement: The narrator and this god-like entity are friendly. They appear to be advising the narrator not to be sad about the ending of his/her life because it has been joyful.

answer: The narrator doesn't want his/her life to end because he/she had so much fun and hasn't even seen everything.

text: That doesn't say anything about the narrator's relationship with the other entity.

refinement: The narrator seems to regard the entity as wise and perhaps they think of them as a mentor.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Within the few moments the narrator was born, he or she appreciated life. It is not certain how the narrator was born and why it seemed his/her life was about to end shortly after just seeing the world.

text: This should include something about the wind-like entity.

refinement: Within the few moments the narrator was born, he or she appreciated life. A wind-like entity shows them the beauty of life and of the world. It is not certain how the narrator was born and why it seemed his/her life was about to end shortly after just seeing the world.

answer: This post details the narrator's thoughts about their life and death. They are proud they lived a full life, but they regret that the wind, which has been their companion since birth, would mean the end of the life.

text: This needs to be untangled a bit. The syntax is clunky and it doesn't mention anything about the brevity of their existence.

refinement: This post details the narrator's thoughts about their short life and death. After they were born, their companion, or mentor, the wind, showed them all the beauty in the world, and instilled in them the fact that they should be joyful because their life happened, not because it ended.

answer: The narrator reflects on their breath of life and explains the beauty of what they've seen and how everything must come to an end. The narrator realizes that life is worth something, even though it is short.

text: The wind needs to be mentioned.

refinement: The narrator reflects on their breath of life and explains the beauty of what they've seen and how everything must come to an end. Their companion-and maybe mentor-the wind has shown them how much joy there is in life and made them realize that life is worth something, even though it is short.

answer: The narrator is born, before being blown away by the wind. This wind is his companion, explaining that everything ends just like new things begin.

text: This needs more exposition to fill in context.

refinement: The narrator is born, before being blown away by the wind. This wind is briefly their companion and mentor, showing the narrator how beautiful life is, and explaining that everything ends just like new things begin.

answer: In this piece, the speaker talks about a journey through life and the things they have seen. The wind is the narrator's companion. Near the end, the wind reminds the narrator that life is worth something no matter what comes to an end.

text: The brevity of this journey and the mentorship of the wind both need to be emphasized.

refinement: In this piece, the speaker talks about their very brief journey through life and the beautiful things they have seen. The wind is the narrator's companion and mentor, reminding the narrator that life is beautiful even though it ends-as the narrator's soon does.


text:
-    PMID: 12262584

 B T Urlanis. Popul Bull. 1980.

Abstract

PIP: The birth rates of the USSR within its present boundaries are reconstructed for the period 1918-1940 on the basis of incomplete data and taking into consideration several changes in frontiers. Estimates for the years 1941-1945 are derived from data on school attendance during the 1949-1954 period, as well as from data provided by the censuses of 1959 and 1970 concerning cohort survival. Deriving an "effective fertility rate," which adjusts for the mortality wastage of young children, discussion focus is on fertility trends until 1976 and the changes in age patterns of reproduction at the national level and in the various republics. During the 1918-1940 period, the birth rate in the USSR never fell below 30/1000 and never exceeded 45/1000. There was a significant drop in the birth rate in the 1931-1936 period, and this is attributable to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization. After the late 1940s, the overall birth rate in the USSR stabilized at a level of 25-27/1000, but from 1960 onwards, there was a steady decline in the rate. The level reached its lowest in 1969 and then rose somewhat. This increase reflects the transient influence of changes in the age-marriage structure of the population and in the "timetable" of births. A comparison of the present fertility level with the level in the 1920s indicates that the birth rate has declined by a factor of approximately 2.5, but in evaluating this decline the sharp decline in mortality, particularly infant mortality, must also be considered. The child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia was very high. The overall mortality rate for the 20 provinces of European Russia in 1920-1922 was 33.2/1000, namely, 1/4 higher than it was before the Revolution. In subsequent years infant mortality continued at a high level and was 18.2% in 1940. In the last 25 years mortality in children under age 5 has markedly declined. In 1976 the overall birth rate was 18.5/1000 and the "effective" birth rate was 18.0/1000. The practice of birth control in families is spreading in various ways. In some cases the proportion of married couples using family planning is increasing, while in other cases couples already using birth control are beginning to use it after the birth of a child lower in birth order. In most areas of the country birth control is being practiced predominantly in such a way as to keep families down to 1 or 2 children. For the whole of the USSR in 1973-1974, the gross reproduction rate was 1.178, while the net rate was 1.118. Although there is ample population replacement in the country as a whole, in a number of republics even mere replacement is threatened.

Similar articles

-   The Soviet Union: population trends and dilemmas.

    Feshbach M. Feshbach M. Popul Bull. 1982 Aug;37(3):3-44. Popul Bull. 1982. PMID: 12264357

-   Population change in the former Soviet Republics.

    Haub C. Haub C. Popul Bull. 1994 Dec;49(4):1-52. Popul Bull. 1994. PMID: 12346298

-   [Chilean history of infant and maternal mortality, 1940 -1985].

    Viel B, Campos W. Viel B, et al. Perspect Int Planif Fam. 1987;(Spec No):24-8. Perspect Int Planif Fam. 1987. PMID: 12269048 Spanish.

-   [How does infant mortality affect birth rates?].

    Raivio K. Raivio K. Duodecim. 1990;106(17):1187-9. Duodecim. 1990. PMID: 1670537 Review. Finnish.

-   Where, in which way and to what extent can Italian fertility grow in the next 15 years?

    Rosina A, Caltabiano M. Rosina A, et al. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25 Suppl 4:45-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.714983. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012. PMID: 22958013 Review.

question: Can it be said the birth rate in the USSR in the 1940s stayed between 30/1000 and 45/1000?

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it can be said that the birth rate in the USSR in the 1940s stayed between 30/1000 and 45/1000.

text: No answer.

answer: It might be implied.

answer: Yes.

question: What was the cause of the significant drop in birth rates between 1931-1936?

answer: Problems of the period of collectivization and the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

text: There was a significant drop in the birth rate in the 1931-1936 period, and this is attributable to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

answer: The drop in birth rates between 1931-1936 was due to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

text: There was a significant drop in the birth rate in the 1931-1936 period, and this is attributable to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

answer: The problems of the period of collectivization and the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

text: There was a significant drop in the birth rate in the 1931-1936 period, and this is attributable to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

answer: The significant drop in birth rates between 1931-1936 was due to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

text: There was a significant drop in the birth rate in the 1931-1936 period, and this is attributable to the problems of the period of collectivization and to the large-scale processes of migration involved in the country's industrialization.

question: How well informed are families about the use of birth control?

answer: According to the passage, most families in the USSR are using birth control in order to keep their families small, suggesting that they are well informed about the use of birth control.

text: The practice of birth control in families is spreading in various ways. In some cases the proportion of married couples using family planning is increasing, while in other cases couples already using birth control are beginning to use it after the birth of a child lower in birth order. In most areas of the country birth control is being practiced predominantly in such a way as to keep families down to 1 or 2 children.

answer: The practice of birth control in families is spreading in various ways. In some cases the proportion of married couples using family planning is increasing, while in other cases couples already using birth control are beginning to use it after the birth of a child lower in birth order. In most areas of the country birth control is being practiced predominantly in such a way as to keep families down to 1 or 2 children.

text: The practice of birth control in families is spreading in various ways. In some cases the proportion of married couples using family planning is increasing, while in other cases couples already using birth control are beginning to use it after the birth of a child lower in birth order. In most areas of the country birth control is being practiced predominantly in such a way as to keep families down to 1 or 2 children.

answer: It is not stated.

text: There are pieces of information from which one could glean some sort of a response.

refinement: Many families in the USSR are using birth control in order to keep their families small, suggesting that they are well informed about the use of birth control. There are correlations between the usage of birth control and family sizes.

answer: That information is not known.

text: You can deduce from the statistics and information given that because families are using birth control, they do know knowledge about it.

refinement: Many families in the USSR are using birth control in order to keep their families small, suggesting that they are well informed about the use of birth control. There are correlations between the usage of birth control and family sizes.

question: Why was the child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia very high?

answer: It is not stated.

text: It could be deduced from some of the information provided, but that conclusion wouldn't be fact.

refinement: It is not stated in this article, but it might be due to a lack of healthcare and a lack of birth control, so more babies were conceived that died later.

text: The child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia was very high. The overall mortality rate for the 20 provinces of European Russia in 1920-1922 was 33.2/1000, namely, 1/4 higher than it was before the Revolution.

answer: The child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia was very high because of the poor living conditions and lack of access to healthcare.

text: This isn't stated in the text or even hinted at, but it can be deduced if one knows a more comprehensive social history of Russia, which is not explained in this text.

refinement: It is not stated in this article, but it might be due to a lack of healthcare and a lack of birth control, so more babies were conceived that died later.

answer: The child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia was very high because the overall mortality rate for the 20 provinces of European Russia in 1920-1922 was 33.2/1000, and the overall mortality rate for children under age 5 was 18.2% in 1940.

text: That doesn't answer the question-the overall mortality rate of the provinces of European Russia don't seem to have had an influence on the mortality rate in Russia (?).

refinement: It is not stated in this article, but it might be due to a lack of healthcare and a lack of birth control, so more babies were conceived that died later.

text: The child mortality level in prerevolutionary Russia was very high. The overall mortality rate for the 20 provinces of European Russia in 1920-1922 was 33.2/1000, namely, 1/4 higher than it was before the Revolution.

answer: That information can't be found.

text: That information could be deduced but is not outright stated within the original text to the left.

refinement: It is not stated in this article, but it might be due to a lack of healthcare and a lack of birth control, so more babies were conceived that died later.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The birth rate in the former Soviet Union declined from 1918-1976, with a sharp drop in the 1931-1936 period. The birth rate stabilized at around 25-27/1000 after the late 1940s, but then declined further in the late 1960s.

text: This is more than a singular sentence.

refinement: The birth rates in the USSR declined, increased, and stabilized  in distinct patterns from 1918-1976.

answer: The birth rates of the USSR within its present boundaries are reconstructed for the period 1918-1940 on the basis of incomplete data and taking into consideration several changes in frontiers. Estimates for the years 1941-1945 are derived from data on school attendance during the 1949-1954 period, as well as from data provided by the censuses of 1959 and 1970 concerning cohort survival. Deriving an "effective fertility rate," which adjusts for the mortality wastage of young children, discussion focus is on fertility trends until 1976 and the changes in age patterns of reproduction at the national level and in the various republics.

text: This is way over one sentence.

refinement: The birth rates in the USSR declined, increased, and stabilized  in distinct patterns from 1918-1976.

answer: The article is about the birth rates of the USSR from 1918 to 1976.

answer: The article highlights the birth rates, child mortality rates, and usage of birth controls in families in Russia between 1918 and 1976.


text:
KPBS previously reported on lobbyist meetings with San Diego city officials that potentially violated state ban

[Radio news logo]

Aired 4/5/17 on KPBS News

California officials said an investigation is still ongoing into whether lobbyists for Sempra Energy's new marketing division, Sempra Services, violated state law by meeting with some San Diego elected officials.

State officials said an investigation is still ongoing into whether lobbyists for Sempra Energy's new marketing division, Sempra Services, violated state law by meeting with some San Diego elected officials.

KPBS previously reported Sempra Services lobbyists met with city of San Diego elected officials, including Mayor Kevin Faulconer and City Councilmembers David Alvarez, Chris Cate and Mark Kersey. At that time, KPBS asked for the calendars of San Diego County Supervisors, but only received the calendar for Supervisor Kristin Gaspar. A county spokesman said the rest would have to be approved as a Public Records Act request.

Now, that request has been filled, and calendars show all four supervisors besides Gaspar met with Sempra Services lobbyists, although some of the meetings were about issues not related to energy.

The reason for the state investigation into Sempra Services revolves around a question of whether it has received full approval from the agency that oversees utilities, the California Public Utilities Commission.

The California Public Utilities Commission has said Sempra and its utility, San Diego Gas & Electric, does not have the final OK to begin lobbying.

RELATED: STATE COMMISSION INVESTIGATING SDG&E FOR LOBBYING AGAINST COMMUNITY ENERGY PROGRAM

The dispute is over an alternative energy program called community choice, which would allow cities and counties to bypass SDG&E and decide on their own where to buy energy, which could allow them to choose more renewable energy sources.

What is community choice aggregation?

Right now, San Diego Gas & Electric provides power through its system of lines and wires to every city in San Diego County and southern Orange County. SDG&E buys the electricity from a variety of sources, including natural gas plants, hydroelectric dams and wind turbine farms.

If a city goes with community choice aggregation, power would still go through SDG&E’s grid, but the city would buy the energy, not the utility. That allows cities to have more control over how much of their energy comes from renewable sources and the cost for that electricity.

State law prevents utilities from marketing or lobbying on community choice aggregation unless they set up an independent organization that is not funded by ratepayers.

That is what Sempra Energy did by establishing Sempra Services. State officials said the organization does not yet have full approval.

However, people working for Sempra Services have been meeting with San Diego elected officials and their staff anyway. They also spoke about community choice at a recent San Diego County Board of Supervisors meeting, where only Supervisor Dianne Jacob spoke in support of studying the feasibility of community choice.

RELATED: SEMPRA MAY HAVE BROKEN STATE RULES BY LOBBYING ON ENERGY PROGRAM

Calendars show that from Jan. 1, 2016 to now, the following meetings with county supervisors took place:

–Supervisor Greg Cox met three times with either Frank Urtasun or Lani Lutar, both Sempra Services lobbyists. But Cox's spokesman said none of the meetings were about community choice or energy-related matters. Instead, they were about homeless issues, San Diego Coastkeeper and the Rancho Guejito development.

–Supervisor Bill Horn met once with Lutar. His spokeswoman did not respond to an email requesting comment, but his calendar notes show the meeting was about "Rancho Guejito update on current agricultural activities and related issues and challenges."

–Supervisor Dianne Jacob met once with Lutar. Her spokesman said the meeting "was not about Sempra or SDG&E," but instead was about "a land-use issue."

–Supervisor Ron Roberts met five times with either Urtasun or Lutar. His spokesman said the meetings were about affordable housing, homelessness, San Diego Coastkeeper, groundwater at Rancho Guejito and "SDG&E’s efforts to install 3,500 electric vehicle chargers at 350 sites."

Lutar is a lobbyist who works on several issues, not just for Sempra Services. Urtasun is the regional vice president for Sempra Services.

SDG&E is being investigated by the California Public Utilities Commission because people affiliated with Sempra Services, including Lutar and Urtasun, are meeting with elected officials and making public comments, according to a spokeswoman for the commission.

She said by email earlier this month that "SDG&E is not in compliance with the California Public Utilities Commission Resolution allowing them to form an Independent Marketing Division with conditions and consequently may not be participating in lobbying activities that could only be performed by the marketing division."

"SDG&E attorneys have argued that under their particular reading of the Resolution they are allowed to lobby," she said. "The California Public Utilities Commission is investigating the facts surrounding their community choice-related communications."

Amber Albrecht, a spokeswoman for SDG&E, said by email that the utility "is not lobbying" on community choice. Instead, she said, their understanding is that the California Public Utilities Commission has approved their independent organization to lobby on community choice.

In August, the California Public Utilities Commission gave initial approval to the organization but said it still needed more information from SDG&E.

Then in December, the commission said marketing and lobbying on community choice was suspended because SDG&E had not given enough information to show the organization is independent enough from the utility.

Albrecht said that proposed changes to SDG&E's independent organization are being reviewed by California Public Utilities Commission staff, but that does not block the organization from operating.

"Staff has no authority to override the California Public Utilities Commission’s resolution," she said. She added that the commission "has no authority" to stop the independent organization "from exercising its First Amendment right to speak, particularly here, where the ban would be applied to control the content of Sempra Services’ speech."

California Public Utilities Commission staff still have not said how long the investigation could last, or what the consequences of it could be.

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Claire Trageser
Investigative Reporter

[opening quote marks][closing quote marks]As a member of the KPBS investigative team, my job is to hold the powerful in San Diego County accountable. I've done in-depth investigations on political campaigns, police officer misconduct and neighborhood quality of life issues.

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the source of tension in this news article.

answer: There is speculation that there might have been a violation on the part of lobbyists for Sempra Energy's marketing division. The exact allegation is that they met with San Diego, California elected officials. The lobbyists allegedly sought to discuss the proposed community energy program which allows cities to buy the power source of their choice, which is more environmentally-friendly, without having to pay for the utility. This would allow for the usage of more renewable energy sources. San Diego Gas & Electric currently provides power through its own system, so SDG&E would like to derail this alleged plan of the lobbyists.

text: The response made little sense, considering it was Sempra Energy employing lobbyists to derail plans to allow the public choice of where they buy energy.

refinement: There is speculation that there might have been a violation on the part of lobbyists for Sempra Energy's marketing division. The exact allegation is that they met with San Diego, California elected officials. The lobbyists allegedly sought to discuss the proposed community energy program which allows cities to buy the power source of their choice, which is more environmentally friendly, without having to choose Sempra's products. This would allow for the usage of more renewable energy sources. San Diego Gas & Electric currently provides power through its own system, so SDG&E would like to derail this alleged plan of allowing the public better energy choices.

answer: The tension results from an investigation into protestors of energy lobbyists. Citizens fear for the future of local energy and communications services, as well as how tightly regulated lobbyists are at the city and state level. The energy company, Sempra Services, is investigated for lobbying against community energy.

answer: The source of tension in this article is that California Public Utilities Commission is investigating SDG&E for lobbying against community energy programs. SDG&E claims that they are not trying to upset the energy balance that would allow for community choice aggregation, but their independent organizations are still meeting with San Diego County elected officials. The Commission says that they did give unanimous approval to an entity to lobby on behalf of SDG&E but that they still have not given enough information to show that they are an independent organization. These organizations are currently still involved in meetings, and the San Diego County elected officials would most likely be under scrutiny due to it.

answer: The main point of tension in this news article is whether Sempra Services is in violation of state law by lobbying on community choice. The California Public Utilities Commission has said that Sempra Services is not allowed to lobby until they receive final approval, but Sempra Services has met with local elected officials and spoken publicly about community choice anyways. The state investigation is trying to determine whether it is in compliance with state law.

answer: The investigation explores whether lobbyists for Sempra Energy's new marketing division, Sempra Services, had broken California law by meeting with some San Diego elected officials about community choice despite not having final approval from the California Public Utilities Commission. The tension revolves around whether or not Sempra Services is allowed to lobby on community choice without final approval.