text:
THE JASMINE MINKS are a British indie pop band, whose early singles were amongst the first releases by Creation Records.

History

Formed in Aberdeen in 1983, the band were initially a quartet of Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). After sending a demo tape to _Melody Maker_, the band were recruited by Alan McGee to record for the fledgling Creation label. Their first single, “Think!” was recorded for £50 at Alaska Studios, Waterloo. The 4 piece line up was augmented by keyboards from Dave Musker, and the single produced by Joe Foster. The small brown plastic electronic organ was the same one that had previously been used on “Blue Boy” by Orange Juice. Prior to recording, Sanderson had been listening to the Buzzcocks' _Spiral Scratch_ EP, and repeated the two note refrain from “Boredom” at the end of “Think!”. Later, Edwyn Collins of Orange Juice was to reference “Boredom” and repeat the same two note refrain on Orange Juice's hit single “Rip It Up”. “Think!”/“Work For Nothing” was released in March 1984, and reached single of the week status, jointly with The Pastels single that Alan McGee released at the same time.

The band recorded and released their second single, “Where the Traffic Goes”/“Mr Magic”, once again at Alaska for a similar budget, with Foster producing again. McGee had the idea to promote “Where The Traffic Goes” by doing a one-day busking tour, an idea which he may have “borrowed” from the Violent Femmes, an American band the Jasmine Minks had supported. They played eight gigs in one day, all on acoustic instruments, were moved on by the police, were invited into pubs, and then went to McGees's club, the Living Room to perform that night’s gig. By then bored with the acoustics, the band played an all-electric set, amps cranked up to the max, with a 1-2-3-4 between each song, Ramones style. The press were there, and the energy surprised them. They received outstanding reviews, and were chosen by the _NME_ as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain and were invited to play at the _NME_ showcase along with Lloyd Cole, The Triffids, The Go-Betweens, The Pogues and others. Jasmine Minks records were played on national radio, and the band began to attract a good reputation as a live act. McGee gave them over £400 to record a six track mini-album, _One Two Three Four Five Six Seven, All Good Preachers Go To Heaven_ (1984, Creation) and some major labels showed an interest in the band, to the extent of booking them sessions in very expensive studios.

Unfortunately, the _NME_ showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists strike, the music press was heavily involved, and the _NME_ was not printed; In short, there was no publicity for the music event of the year, and the band played to a very sparse audience. The expected boost in the band's popularity didn't happen.

At the end of 1984 the band toured mainland Europe as part of a Creation package including McGee's band Biff Bang Pow! and new Creation signings The Jesus and Mary Chain.[1] The JAMC single “Upside Down” was released while the tour was in progress. When the tour was over, McGee found himself increasingly preoccupied with the rising success of the Jesus and Mary Chain. During this period, the Jasmine Minks recorded a four track EP, inspired by listening to the Buzzcocks “Time's Up” bootleg over and over. It sat on a shelf while McGee was forced to pursue other interests, eventually surfacing as a seven-inch single of “What’s Happening”/“Black & Blue”, which was largely ignored by the music press.

Their self-titled debut album was recorded in Ellon, Aberdeenshire, on a budget of £600 and released in 1986. The idea had been to record a low budget, high quality song based album, but McGee did not like the finished result and dropped some tracks. Some earlier recordings were used for the album, including the track “Cold Heart”, which had originally been recorded during the _One Two Three Four Five Six Seven, All Good Preachers Go To Heaven_ sessions.[2] In 1986 the band recorded their only Peel session.[3] Cold Heart was released as a single in 7" and 12" formats and was _NME_’s single of the week. It was the Jasmine Minks' biggest selling single. At this point Sanderson left the band.

Shepherd became the lead vocalist and was joined by keyboardist Paul Cooper. Dave Arnold from Kent band The Claim filled in the guitar spot for the _Another Age_ album (1988) and subsequent gigs, with Ed De Vlam performing guitar duties on _Scratch the Surface_ (1989). A permanent guitarist was later found in Walter Duncan from the band's hometown of Aberdeen.

Despite the albums _Another Age_ and _Scratch the Surface_ drawing critical acclaim the band ceased activity for a few years. They reunited in 2000, releasing the album _Veritas_, before the band signed to McGee's Poptones label for the release of _Popartglory_ (2001). The Popartglory album track Daddy Dog, featuring Scottish Socialist politician Tommy Sheridan as vocalist, was released as the only Jasmine Minks single on the Poptones label.

In 2010 a 4 track EP, “Poppy White”, was released on the Oatcake Records label.

The band played a show in London's Borderline venue on 23 July 2011 - their first live gig in London for ten years - and a second at the Lexington on 25 July 2011, both featuring the early lineup of Shepherd, Sanderson, Keena, Reid and Musker, together with David Arnold. They also appeared at the 2012 Indiefest in the original 1984 lineup.

Discography

Singles

-   “Think!” (1984), Creation
-   “Where The Traffic Goes” (1984), Creation
-   “What's Happening” (1985), Creation - UK Indie #27[4]
-   “Cold Heart” (1986), Creation - UK Indie #17[5]
-   _Pure_ EP (1987), Esurient Communications
-   “Daddy Dog” (2001), Poptones - Jasmine Minks featuring Tommy Sheridan
-   “I Heard 'I Wish It Would Rain'” (2003), Bus Stop Records
-   “Poppy White” EP (2010) Oatcake

Albums

-   _One Two Three Four Five Six Seven, All Good Preachers Go To Heaven_ (1984), Creation
-   _The Jasmine Minks_ (1986), Creation
-   _Another Age_ (1988), Creation
-   _Scratch the Surface_ (1989), Creation
-   _Veritas_ (2000), Genius Move
-   _Popartglory_ (2001), Poptones

Compilations:

-   _Sunset_ (1986), Creation
-   _Soul Station_ (1991), Creation
-   _The Revenge of Jasmine Minks: Best of the Creation Years_ (2004), Rev-Ola
-   _Cut Me Deep - The Anthology 1984 - 2014_ (2014), Cherry Red

[1] Kellman, Andy “[ The Jasmine Minks Biography]”, Allmusic, retrieved 2010-10-09

[2]

[3] BBC - Radio 1 - Keeping It Peel - Jasmine Minks

[4] Lazell, Barry (1998) _Indie Hits 1980-1989_, Cherry Red Books, , p. 122

[5]

title: The Jasmine Minks

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the history of the formation of the band, the Jasmine Minks.

answer: The band was formed in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1983. The band was initially a quartet, but they added keyboards and a fifth member, Tom Reid. The band sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, who recruited them to record for the fledgling Creation label. They recorded their first single for £50 at Alaska Studios. The band recorded and released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes"/"Mr. Magic." They were chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain and were invited to play at the NME showcase along with Lloyd Cole, The Triffids, The Go-Betweens, and The Pogues.

text: This is incorrect. Tom Reid was the band's drummer. Dave Musker was the fifth member on keyboards.

refinement: The band was formed in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1983. The band was initially a quartet, but they added keyboards and a fifth member, Dave Musker. The band sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, who recruited them to record for the fledgling Creation label. They recorded their first single for £50 at Alaska Studios. The band recorded and released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes"/"Mr. Magic." They were chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain and were invited to play at the NME showcase along with Lloyd Cole, The Triffids, The Go-Betweens, and The Pogues.

text: Since the question is about the band's formation, the names of the founding members should be mentioned.

refinement: The band was formed in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1983. The band was initially a quartet of Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals), but they added keyboards and a fifth member, Dave Musker. The band sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, who recruited them to record for the fledgling Creation label. They recorded their first single for £50 at Alaska Studios. The band recorded and released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes"/"Mr. Magic." They were chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain and were invited to play at the NME showcase along with Lloyd Cole, The Triffids, The Go-Betweens, and The Pogues.

text: The highlighted text is extraneous information and should be deleted.

refinement: The band was formed in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1983. The band was initially a quartet of Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals), but they added keyboards and a fifth member, Dave Musker. The band sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, who recruited them to record for the fledgling Creation label. They recorded their first single for £50 at Alaska Studios. The band recorded and released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes"/"Mr. Magic."

answer: The Jasmine Minks were founded in 1983 by a quartet of Jim Shepherd (vocals/guitar), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena (bass), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). The band were discovered by personnel from the music label, Creation Records. The band were then sent to the vacant commercial spot formerly known as Alaska Studios, where they were filmed playing a stadium gig between innings of a baseball game.

text: "were" - this is incorrect. Replace with "was".

refinement: The Jasmine Minks was founded in 1983 by a quartet of Jim Shepherd (vocals/guitar), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena (bass), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). The band was discovered by personnel from the music label, Creation Records. The band was then sent to the vacant commercial spot formerly known as Alaska Studios, where they were filmed playing a stadium gig between innings of a baseball game.

text: The highlighted text doesn't exist and should be removed.

refinement: The Jasmine Minks was founded in 1983 by a quartet of Jim Shepherd (vocals/guitar), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena (bass), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). The band was discovered by personnel from the music label, Creation Records.

answer: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen. They formed while being inspired by the likes of the punk band, the buzzcocks, and their leader, adam sanderson is quoted as saying he was inspired by the music of these bands, specifically by choosing the name Jasmine Minks. They became jaded with their sound and were inspired by themselves.

text: "buzzcocks" - replace with "Buzzcocks"

refinement: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen. They formed while being inspired by the likes of the punk band, the Buzzcocks, and their leader, adam sanderson is quoted as saying he was inspired by the music of these bands, specifically by choosing the name Jasmine Minks. They became jaded with their sound and were inspired by themselves.

text: Use capital letters.

refinement: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen. They formed while being inspired by the likes of the punk band, the Buzzcocks, and their leader, Adam Sanderson is quoted as saying he was inspired by the music of these bands, specifically by choosing the name Jasmine Minks. They became jaded with their sound and were inspired by themselves.

text: Since this is a summary of the creation of the band, the members must be mentioned by name.

refinement: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen by a quartet of Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). The band was augmented by keyboards from Dave Musker. They formed while being inspired by the likes of the punk band, the Buzzcocks, and their leader, Adam Sanderson is quoted as saying he was inspired by the music of these bands, specifically by choosing the name Jasmine Minks. They became jaded with their sound and were inspired by themselves.

text: The highlighted text is incorrect. The inspiration for choosing the name Jasmine Minks wasn't mentioned in the text. There was never any mention of the band becoming jaded with their sound. As for the Buzzcocks reference, there was no specific mention that the band was formed because of the Buzzcocks. They (Sanderson) merely listened to a Buzzcock track over and over before recording a song, so it's safe to say that their music may have been influenced by the Buzzcocks.

refinement: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen by a quartet of Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals). The band was augmented by keyboards from Dave Musker. Some of their early songs were influenced by another band, the Buzzcocks.

answer: The band was formed in 1983. They sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, and were recruited by Alan McGee to record for the fledgling Creation label. They released their first single, "Think!", in 1984. They released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes", in 1985.

text: Remove the comma.

refinement: The band was formed in 1983. They sent a demo tape to Melody Maker and were recruited by Alan McGee to record for the fledgling Creation label. They released their first single, "Think!", in 1984. They released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes", in 1985.

text: Add the names of the band members.

refinement: The band was formed in 1983, initially with Jim Shepherd (guitar/vocals), Adam Sanderson (vocals/guitar), Martin Keena(bass guitar), and Tom Reid (drums/vocals), but augmented with keyboards from Dave Musker. They sent a demo tape to Melody Maker and were recruited by Alan McGee to record for the fledgling Creation label. They released their first single, "Think!", in 1984. They released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes", in 1985.

answer: They were formed in 1983 in Aberdeen. They formed while being inspired by the likes of the punk band, the buzzcocks. They were recruited by McGee to record for Creation Records. They became jaded with their sound and were inspired by themselves.

answer: The band was formed in 1983. They sent a demo tape to Melody Maker, and were recruited by Alan McGee to record for the fledgling Creation label. They released their first single, "Think!", in 1984. They released their second single, "Where the Traffic Goes", in 1985. They played a show in London's Borderline in 2011, and also in 2012.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How successful was this band and what attributes to their success?

answer: The band was successful, but their success was not sustained. The band was able to attract a good reputation as a live act. They were able to play at the NME showcase. They were able to play at the Living Room club. They played at the Borderline club in London. They were able to play at the Lexington club in London. They were able to perform at the Indiefest in the original 1984 lineup. They were able to release an album in 1986, another album in 1988, and another album in 1989. They were able to release three singles in the 80s and one single in the 2000s. They were able to release three EPs in the 80s. They were able to release four albums in the 80s and one album in the 2000s.

text: The highlighted text merely lists all the band's releases but doesn't add anything to the response.

refinement: The band was successful, but their success was not sustained. The band was able to attract a good reputation as a live act. They were able to play at the NME showcase.

text: Must include the part about the journalist's strike that affected the NME event that was supposed to help the band's popularity.

refinement: The band was successful, but their success was not sustained. The band was able to attract a good reputation as a live act. They were able to play at the NME showcase. Unfortunately, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen.

answer: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels show interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs and had number of hits. They have their own albums and signed s ack singles. They also became part of compilation albums.

text: Add "a"

refinement: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels show interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs and had a number of hits. They have their own albums and signed s ack singles. They also became part of compilation albums.

text: Delete "s ack"

refinement: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels show interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs and had a number of hits. They have their own albums and signed singles. They also became part of compilation albums.

text: Missing some details about the band's success.

refinement: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels show interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs, had a number of hits, and the band began to attract a good reputation as a live act. The band received outstanding reviews and was chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain. They were invited to play at the NME showcase, however, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen. They have their own albums and signed singles. They also became part of compilation albums.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels show interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs, had a number of hits, and the band began to attract a good reputation as a live act. The band received outstanding reviews and was chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain. They were invited to play at the NME showcase, however, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen.

answer:
- They received outstanding reviews
- They received single of the week status, joined with The Pastels single that Alan McGee released- They were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain

text: The bullet format is odd and needs to be rewritten.

refinement: They received outstanding reviews. They received single of the week status, joined with The Pastels single that Alan McGee released. They were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain.

text: Add what happened to the NME showcase because it directly affected the band.

refinement: They received outstanding reviews. They received single of the week status, joined with The Pastels single that Alan McGee released. They were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain. Unfortunately, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen.

answer: They received outstanding reviews, were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain, and were given a huge budget for their albums, but Alan McGee failed to find a permanent fit for their permanent slots. This became problematic because of their lack of finding decent replacements within the band.

text: Alan McGee and replacement band members weren't the reason why the band wasn't as successful as other bands.

refinement: They received outstanding reviews, were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain, and were given a huge budget for their albums.

text: Add details about the band not being as successful due to circumstances out of their control.

refinement: They received outstanding reviews, were chosen by NME as one of the most promising bands in Britain, and were given a huge budget for their albums. Unfortunately, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen. After touring mainland Europe, McGee was preoccupied with another band, resulting in the shelving of the Jasmine Minks four-track EP. A single from the EP was eventually released but it was largely ignored by the music press.

answer: They were able to book sessions in very expensive studios because a few major labels showed interest in them. They also recorded as Creation signees, a well-known indie pop label. They played their own live gigs and had number of hits. They have their own albums and signed singles. They also became part of compilation albums.

answer: They were very successful. They were one of the first bands to be signed to Creation Records. They had a great reputation as a live act. They were chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain.

text: Add what happened to the NME event.

refinement: They were very successful. They were one of the first bands to be signed to Creation Records. They had a great reputation as a live act. They were chosen by the NME as one of the eighteen most hopeful bands in Britain. Unfortunately, the NME showcase happened during the National Union of Journalists' strike and there was no publicity for the music event of the year. The band played to a sparse audience and the expected boost in their popularity didn't happen.


split: train

text:
11th January 2016 is a day many will never forget for it saw the passing of a true music legend in David Bowie. Simon Pegg commented that: _“If you’re sad today, just remember the world is over 4 billion years old and you somehow managed to exist at the same time as David Bowie.”_ He was a man who reinvented himself countless times and remained relevant and inspirational as a musician and artist across decades.

Peter Gabriel said that: “_He was a one-off, a brilliant outlier, always exploring, challenging and inspiring anyone who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion and society. There are so few artists who can touch a generation as he did, we will miss him badly.”_

I quote Peter Gabriel, as his words about Bowie are words that can be readily applied to an astounding teacher. I have written before about the loss of maverick eccentric teachers, who inspired generations of students, and am reminded again their ilk by the fact that they were always _“EXPLORING, CHALLENGING AND INSPIRING.”_ We all had teachers who did the same. Perhaps it was not in the fields of music and the arts but in science, mathematics or geography. But when we look bask wispily at our school days, we rarely remember what we were taught, but we always remember those who taught us!

In an interview with Russell Harty in 1975, Bowie explained what characterised a great show. His words resonate with the educator in me and I began to think of how his description of the key ingredients of a concert is very similar to the characteristics of an astounding lesson! I deliberately use the word astounding, given the fact that it is the word Bowie used himself and especially to avoid using the word “outstanding” given its OFSTED connotations for UK teachers.

_“THE IMPACT TO THE SHOW HAS TO BE THE ASTOUNDING THING, NOT THE DRESSING OF IT. __THE D__RESSING UP THE SHOW IS JUST A DRESSING AS A PERFUNCTORY KIND OF THING._ _THE CONTENT HAS TO ASTOUND. Y__OU CAN DRESS A SHOW WITH A TRILLION DOLLARS, OR TRILLION POUNDS, WORTH OF GOODIES BUT IF SHOW IS NOT A SUBSTANTIAL THERE WILL BE NO IMPACT.”_

Just as Bowie was a “Starman” it takes a teacher of exceptional ability to engage and inspire students truly. If we are honest, the recipe for an astounding lesson is to a degree intangible. As much as OFSTED, HMI, District Inspectors and the alike want to try to describe, and even quantify “outstanding”, sometimes it is beyond explanation. Sometimes like a Bowie concert, or a Picasso masterpiece or Lionel Messi goal, it is beyond mere words. Sometimes you have to see it to believe it! Having said that the words of Bowie do paint a picture of the essential components of astounding pedagogy. Truly extraordinary educators appreciate that quality education is not about “smoke and mirrors” or the dressing up of a learning experience. These elements of a lesson are as Bowie, in the context of one of his shows, said “perfunctory.” The critical component is that the content has to astound!

In recent times it seems discussion around the importance of content in education has been missing with debate has primarily focused on pedagogy and practice. However, as much as a Bowie show was unforgettable, partially due to the peripheral aspects, his genius was underpinned by his music. He was a brilliant songwriter and musician. His content was the key to his success. Bowie planned his lessons – he wrote his own songs!

As we mourn the passing of a legend we should seek to learn from his genius. Bowie was a craftsman of screen, stage, art and fashion and we in education can be the craftsmen in our classrooms.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize how the text characterizes David Bowie and his influence on popular culture around the world.

answer: David Bowie was widely seen as an innovator in the fields of music, art, fashion and society. He was regarded as someone who constantly reinvented himself and was inspirational across decades. The impact of any Bowie show was defined by its ability to astound its audience as opposed to being reliant on purely superficial aspects. Bowie himself was a consummate craftsman of screen, stage, art and fashion, and educators can strive to emulate his creative genius in their classrooms. Through teaching, educators can make their students feel the same awe and wonder that Bowie elicited through his work.

text: The parts about educators are irrelevant to the question. They should be removed.

refinement: David Bowie was widely seen as an innovator in the fields of music, art, fashion and society. He was regarded as someone who constantly reinvented himself and was inspirational across decades. The impact of any Bowie show was defined by its ability to astound its audience as opposed to being reliant on purely superficial aspects. Bowie himself was a consummate craftsman of screen, stage, art and fashion.

answer: David Bowie was a massive influence on both music culture and popular fashion. He's been a trailblazer in both art and fashion and was the epitome of a living, breathing artist. Not only that, but the influence of Bowie extended to how people described the term "starman" (ref. the narrator's line about being a "starman") and how in that part of the Bowie track, the term was described as "astronaut placed on earth" (nonspecific). Therefore, David Bowie was not only an influence on how people spoke, but he also enjoyed an influence on comparative religion. His influence extended to how people were taught about science, art, and religion and his cultural impact was incredibly global.

text: The concluding remarks about David Bowie's influence are made up and nonsensical. They should be removed.

refinement: David Bowie was a massive influence on both music culture and popular fashion. He's been a trailblazer in both art and fashion and was the epitome of a living, breathing artist. Not only that, but the influence of Bowie extended to how people described the term "starman" (ref. the narrator's line about being a "starman") and how in that part of the Bowie track, the term was described as "astronaut placed on earth" (nonspecific).

text: The article's reference to Bowie being a "Starman" isn't used accurately in the answer. The answer's usage is made-up. Bowie didn't influence how the term "Starman" was used, he was a "Starman."

refinement: David Bowie was a massive influence on both music culture and popular fashion. He's been a trailblazer in both art and fashion and was the epitome of a living, breathing artist. Not only that, Bowie was a "Starman".

text: The answer doesn't give concrete information about Bowie's influence. It should mention that Bowie was an explorer who challenged and inspired anyone who wanted to push boundaries of music, art, and society.

refinement: David Bowie was a massive influence on both music culture and popular fashion. He's been a trailblazer in both art and fashion and was the epitome of a living, breathing artist. Not only that, Bowie was a "Starman". Bowie was an explorer who challenged and inspired anyone who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, and society.

answer: David Bowie has had such a mass influence that many noted and famous performers have commented on his almost sacred spot in the scope of global pop culture. Simon Pegg (actor), Peter Gabriel (musician), The author of this article uses the mantra "exploring, challenging, and inspiring" to describe Bowie's influence, which is also the rubric for defining vast-reaching talent for any other artist. Bowie's legend is in part due to his theatrics and how he knew how to put on one of the greatest shows.

text: Bowie's lynchpin of success is about having great content, not being a great showman.

refinement: David Bowie has had such a mass influence that many noted and famous performers have commented on his almost sacred spot in the scope of global pop culture. Simon Pegg (actor), Peter Gabriel (musician), The author of this article uses the mantra "exploring, challenging, and inspiring" to describe Bowie's influence, which is also the rubric for defining vast-reaching talent for any other artist. Bowie's legend is due to him prioritizing having "astounding" music to base his performances around.

text: The article doesn't say anything about Bowie's influence being a rubric for other artists. The answer should instead clarify the statement about "exploring, challenging, and inspiring."

refinement: David Bowie has had such a mass influence that many noted and famous performers have commented on his almost sacred spot in the scope of global pop culture. Simon Pegg (actor), Peter Gabriel (musician), The author quotes Peter Gabriel who said that Bowie always explored, challenged, and inspired anyone who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion, and society. Bowie's legend is due to him prioritizing having "astounding" music to base his performances around.

text: The part, "Simon Pegg (actor), Peter Gabriel (musician)," is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: David Bowie has had such a mass influence that many noted and famous performers have commented on his almost sacred spot in the scope of global pop culture. The author quotes Peter Gabriel who said that Bowie always explored, challenged, and inspired anyone who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion, and society. Bowie's legend is due to him prioritizing having "astounding" music to base his performances around.

answer: David Bowie was a true music legend with a tremendous impact on popular culture around the world. He understood that for a show to have an impact, the content must astound. A great teacher understands this too, that in order to have impact in the classroom, their content has to astound. Bowie was a masterful musician and songwriter and his genius was the key to his success.

text: The sentence about education is irrelevant. It should be removed.

refinement: David Bowie was a true music legend with a tremendous impact on popular culture around the world. He understood that for a show to have an impact, the content must astound. Bowie was a masterful musician and songwriter and his genius was the key to his success.

answer: Bowie was described as a music legend, who reinvented himself countless times. He remained relevant and inspirational over decades and touched a rule, genre, of which he was considered a pioneer. Bowie as described as an outsider whose art was always a bit different, an outlier.

text: The part "and touched a rule, genre, of which he was considered a pioneer" is made up. It should be removed.

refinement: Bowie was described as a music legend, who reinvented himself countless times. He remained relevant and inspirational over decades. Bowie as described as an outsider whose art was always a bit different, an outlier.

text: Bowie isn't described as an outsider. He's an outlier who always explored, challenged, and inspired people who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion, and society.

refinement: Bowie was described as a music legend, who reinvented himself countless times. He remained relevant and inspirational over decades. Bowie was described as an outlier who always explored, challenged, and inspired people who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion, and society.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the theme of this article.

answer: The theme of this article is about how Bowie's words resonate with educators, which prompts the author to recall David Bowie describing the key ingredients of a concert. This prompts him to compare Bowie's description of those ingredients to the characteristics of an astounding lesson, which includes prepnote of content. He underscores the necessity of content in a lesson and the likeness between in and Bowie's shows. Ultimately, he approaches Bowie as an example of genius and a craftsman and wishes to learn from that in his classroom.

text: Bowie's words resonate with the author, who is an educator. The author doesn't claim that Bowie's words resonate with all teachers but that his approach is comparable to teaching.

refinement: The theme of this article is about how Bowie's words resonate with the educator in the author, which prompts him to recall David Bowie describing the key ingredients of a concert. This prompts him to compare Bowie's description of those ingredients to the characteristics of an astounding lesson, which includes prepnote of content. He underscores the necessity of content in a lesson and the likeness between in and Bowie's shows. Ultimately, he approaches Bowie as an example of genius and a craftsman and wishes to learn from that in his classroom.

text: The phrasing of the second sentence is somewhat confusing. The answer would be clearer if it mentioned what Bowie's description of a good concert is.

refinement: The theme of this article is about how Bowie's words resonate with the educator in the author, which prompts him to recall David Bowie describing the key ingredients of a concert. The narrator recalls Bowie's insistence that the content of the show must be astounding, that no amount of fluff will leave a real impact without great content. He underscores the necessity of content in a lesson and the likeness between in and Bowie's shows. Ultimately, he approaches Bowie as an example of genius and a craftsman and wishes to learn from that in his classroom.

text: The sentence is constructed awkwardly. It can be phrased in a way that improves the overall answer. The author compares Bowie's approach with the tenets of good pedagogy.

refinement: The theme of this article is about how Bowie's words resonate with the educator in the author, which prompts him to recall David Bowie describing the key ingredients of a concert. The narrator recalls Bowie's insistence that the content of the show must be astounding, that no amount of fluff will leave a real impact without great content. The author says there's a similarity between good pedagogy and Bowie's approach to performance. Ultimately, he approaches Bowie as an example of genius and a craftsman and wishes to learn from that in his classroom.

answer: The theme of this article is that no matter what shape a brilliant and astounding musician like David Bowie took, the key component of his success was his imaginative, creative and engaging content. The same is true in education. Teachers who seek to follow in the footsteps of Bowie's brilliance must focus on their content and the impact it has on their students.

answer: The theme seems to be that the master must also be a teacher. In his performances and interviews, Bowie led by curated example in ascribing brilliance to the everyday. In this way, his sheer being was beyond imitation. However, he was masterful, the author contends, at engaging his audiences as part and parcel to his performance, lending a sense that the entirety of David Bowie would not be possible without their participation.

text: The theme of the article is that Bowie's approach to great performance compares favorably with good pedagogy. The author posits that teachers would do well learning from Bowie.

refinement: The theme seems to be that teachers would do well if they emulated Bowie's approach, putting great emphasis on astounding content. In his performances and interviews, Bowie led by curated example in ascribing brilliance to the everyday. In this way, his sheer being was beyond imitation. However, he was masterful, the author contends, at engaging his audiences as part and parcel to his performance, lending a sense that the entirety of David Bowie would not be possible without their participation.

text: The second sentence is made up. The author quotes a Bowie interview where Bowie says no amount of fluff can leave as great an impact as astounding content.

refinement: The theme seems to be that teachers would do well if they emulated Bowie's approach, putting great emphasis on astounding content. In his performances and interviews, Bowie says no amount of fluff can leave as great an impact as astounding content. In this way, his sheer being was beyond imitation. However, he was masterful, the author contends, at engaging his audiences as part and parcel to his performance, lending a sense that the entirety of David Bowie would not be possible without their participation.

text: The sentence about Bowie being beyond imitation is confusing and unnecessary. It should be removed.

refinement: The theme seems to be that teachers would do well if they emulated Bowie's approach, putting great emphasis on astounding content. In his performances and interviews, Bowie says no amount of fluff can leave as great an impact as astounding content. However, he was masterful, the author contends, at engaging his audiences as part and parcel to his performance, lending a sense that the entirety of David Bowie would not be possible without their participation.

text: "However, he was masterful, the author contends, at engaging his audiences as part and parcel to his performance, lending a sense that the entirety of David Bowie would not be possible without their participation." The conclusion of the sentence is made up. The concluding remarks should mention the author's commentary about great pedagogy being about great content.

refinement: The theme seems to be that teachers would do well if they emulated Bowie's approach, putting great emphasis on astounding content. In his performances and interviews, Bowie says no amount of fluff can leave as great an impact as astounding content. The author remarks that a great lesson is about having astounding content first and foremost.

answer: The theme seems to be about how to be a great teacher. The author believes that the concert aspect of great shows such as those that Bowie put on should apply to educators. They point out the lack of discussion about content and the importance of it in regards to education. Often when shows are criticized they focus on how they are executed and not how they were planned and executed. Students are often engaged by the excitement rather than by what the teachers are clothed in. They say as we mourn the loss of Bowie as a legend perhaps we should learn from his genius.

text: The author's point is about how Bowie prioritizes the importance of great content. It's not the "concert aspect".

refinement: The theme seems to be about how to be a great teacher. The author believes that Bowie's emphasis on having great content also applies to teaching. They point out the lack of discussion about content and the importance of it in regards to education. Often when shows are criticized they focus on how they are executed and not how they were planned and executed. Students are often engaged by the excitement rather than by what the teachers are clothed in. They say as we mourn the loss of Bowie as a legend perhaps we should learn from his genius.

text: "Often when shows are criticized they focus on how they are executed and not how they were planned and executed." This sentence is self-contradictory in addition to being about show critiques, which the author doesn't mention. The author's point is that discussions about content aren't as prevalent as they should be.

refinement: The theme seems to be about how to be a great teacher. The author believes that Bowie's emphasis on having great content also applies to teaching. They point out the lack of discussion about content and the importance of it in regards to education. The author remarks that discussions about content in education aren't as prevalent as they should be. Students are often engaged by the excitement rather than by what the teachers are clothed in. They say as we mourn the loss of Bowie as a legend perhaps we should learn from his genius.

text: "Students are often engaged by the excitement rather than by what the teachers are clothed in." This sentence is complete nonsense and should be removed.

refinement: The theme seems to be about how to be a great teacher. The author believes that Bowie's emphasis on having great content also applies to teaching. They point out the lack of discussion about content and the importance of it in regards to education. The author remarks that discussions about content in education aren't as prevalent as they should be. They say as we mourn the loss of Bowie as a legend perhaps we should learn from his genius.

text: "They say as we mourn the loss of Bowie as a legend perhaps we should learn from his genius." This sentence is phrased awkwardly. It should more clearly state that the author posits that teachers would do well learning from Bowie.

refinement: The theme seems to be about how to be a great teacher. The author believes that Bowie's emphasis on having great content also applies to teaching. They point out the lack of discussion about content and the importance of it in regards to education. The author remarks that discussions about content in education aren't as prevalent as they should be. The author says that as Bowie's loss is mourned, teachers would do well learning from his genius.

answer: This article discusses how the qualities of a great performer, described by David Bowie, overlap with those of an astonishing teacher. The essential components of a great performance, according to Bowie, are that the content must astound, and any embellishments are secondary. There is no substitute for great content, and thus likewise in education, it is essential for educators to devote focus to quality curriculum and content. The death of Bowie serves as a poignant reminder that our teachers can inspire future generations.

text: The author says that as Bowie's death is discussed, teachers would do well learning from him. The inspiration to future generations is mentioned in an unrelated context in the text.

refinement: This article discusses how the qualities of a great performer, described by David Bowie, overlap with those of an astonishing teacher. The essential components of a great performance, according to Bowie, are that the content must astound, and any embellishments are secondary. There is no substitute for great content, and thus likewise in education, it is essential for educators to devote focus to quality curriculum and content. The death of Bowie serves as a poignant reminder that our teachers can learn from his genius.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the author maintains is David Bowie's strongest point.

answer: David Bowie conveyed his artistic and intellectual message through his music. He was also smart in generating and developing his own unique ideas through his songs.

text: The question doesn't have an answer in the text.

answer: The author states that the importance of content on an outstanding show is something that should be acknowledged by people. A Bowie show was unforgettable, partially because of the peripheral aspects. However, the genius of his show was underpinned by his music. The author believes that this holds true for any successful show.

text: The question doesn't have an answer in the text.

answer: The author concludes that Bowie's strongest point was the quality of the content of his work. Whether in his concerts for music or his theatrical productions for stage, Bowie's genius was underpinned by his craftsmanship as a songwriter and a musician. As educators, we too need to focus on providing quality content in order to engage and inspire our students.

text: The question doesn't have an answer in the text.

answer: The author thinks that Bowie was a performance artist par none, but that the quality of his musicianship lies at the heart of his success, even posthumously. Content, the author maintains, is the crux of Bowie's package-the man was an incredibly talented singer and songwriter. Even if you took away any bits of pageantry, the man would still be able to rest on his own laurels.

text: The question doesn't have an answer in the text.

answer: The author argues that Bowie's strongest point is the content of his work, specifically the fact that it is always astonishing and pushes boundaries. This ability to astound is critical in order to capture and engage students' attention and inspire them to learn.

text: The question doesn't have an answer in the text.


text:
"Don't think about it too much. Don't think about anything too much."

He concentrated on the man that had two lines crossed over him. The useless chatter from his partner was beginning to make him lose concentration.

"If you think about things too much, you'll begin to realize that none of them really matter. Just shoot the fucker and be done with it."

He adjusted his scope to get a closer image of the target.

"Ya know what I'm sayin'? Things really don't have any inherent meaning do they? It all really comes down ta some value system or another."

He grunted an acknowledgement hoping that would shut his assistant up. It didn't.

"Like this lil fuck right here that you're about ta end, his life is ultimately meaningless. So is mine I spose. It isn't ta me though, because I value it, ya know?"

"All that matters to me at this point is that I get paid," he responded, again hoping this response would work out better than previous efforts.

"See right there, his life does have value ta ya, as long as it ends. You get paid. Is that really wrong? Ya only looking out for yaself."

"Right, don't think about the human life I'm about to end, its me or them, yadda yadda its my only choice and I have to look out for myself. Got it. Now shut up."

"Sorry boss, just doin some philosophizin before we end this poor fucks life. That makes me wonder, do ya think we only philosophize to justify our own actions?"

"I. Don't. Know. Just hand me my cell." His assistant began rummaging through the rucksack. It still didn't shut him up.

"Like this philosophy of just lookin out for myself, maybe thats not the best thing ta live by and its just me making sense of why I do the things I do."

"Sure." He had given up trying to get him to be quiet.

"Heres the celly, call it in I spose. But wait justa minute, maybe it is the right thing and I'm just goin bout it the wrong kinda way."

"What could you possibly mean by that?" He had his contacts number on speed dial but he held off to hear his assistants response.

"Like maybe it's in my best interest ta not be killin people. Even if I don't have any other decent livin, it'd be better than prison or worse. Maybe I am just committing myself ta an endless cycle of always lookin over my shoulder when I could escape it."

"But everything is meaningless so it doesn't matter." How, he thought, how was he able to suck me into this?

"Things are not and are meaningless at the same time, its all about the value system. Why not value meaning then? Ya know? Live and let live and not be caught up in an endless cycle and give meaning to things that are in my self interest."

He dialed. The voice on the other end was annoyed. "You're late," it said. "I know." "It doesn't matter you still have time, send me the picture." He pressed send.

"So that leads me to believe morals are just some kinda value system ya know?"

"Yeah, gotchya." His concentration moved back to the target. The voice buzzed through his cellphone, "Thats him, you're clear. Do it and get out."

He didn't hesitate, he squeezed the trigger without thinking. He might as well have shot a bag of lifeless money. Actually that would be worse, at least the cash could be spent.

His assistant jumped not ready for the sound. "Morals..." he repeated trailing off.

He got up from his crouched position, leaned over his assistant and pressed a handgun to his forehead.

"You shouldn't think about things too much," he said and he pulled the trigger.

title: [MF] First Short Story Feedback Would Be Nice

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the protagonist's relationship with his assistant?

answer: The protagonist seems annoyed and frustrated when his assistant speaks constantly and philosophizes about life. He is annoyed because he feels the assistant is distracting him from doing his job and annoying him because what he's saying doesn't have any meaning. The protagonist seems to have no regard for the human life he takes, only seeing it as meaningless and thinking about his own needs only. Overall, it seems the protagonist's relationship with the assistant is largely negative.

text: "He is annoyed because he feels the assistant is distracting him from doing his job and annoying him because what he's saying doesn't have any meaning. The protagonist seems to have no regard for the human life he takes, only seeing it as meaningless and thinking about his own needs only." - this is redundant and irrelevant.

refinement: The protagonist seems annoyed and frustrated when his assistant speaks constantly and philosophizes about life. Overall, it seems the protagonist's relationship with the assistant is largely negative.

text: The response is missing a few key details.

refinement: The protagonist seems annoyed and frustrated when his assistant speaks constantly and philosophizes about life. The constant chatter from his assistant makes the protagonist lose concentration over the target on his scope and this angers him. Overall, it seems the protagonist's relationship with the assistant is largely negative and meaningless because he has no qualms about shooting the latter in the head when the mission is over.

answer: Even though the protagonist has done many things with his assistant that could imply that they have a personal relationship, the two of them communicate like bosses and coworkers; to say that a mild personal relationship does exists would be an exaggeration. The two even go as far as to philosophize about their day's roles (a morally questionable transaction) in a way that does not suggest that there's a personal connection between them. The two seem reluctant to support this or oppose it.

text: "Even though the protagonist has done many things with his assistant that could imply that they have a personal relationship," - this is inaccurate and was never established or mentioned in the story. This part should be deleted and the remaining sentence revised.

refinement: The two of them communicate like bosses and coworkers, and to say that a mild personal relationship does exist would be an exaggeration. The two even go as far as to philosophize about their day's roles (a morally questionable transaction) in a way that does not suggest that there's a personal connection between them. The two seem reluctant to support this or oppose it.

text: "The two even go as far as to philosophize about their day's roles (a morally questionable transaction) in a way that does not suggest that there's a personal connection between them. The two seem reluctant to support this or oppose it." - this part is redundant as it has already been established that there is no personal relationship between them.

refinement: The two of them communicate like bosses and coworkers, and to say that a mild personal relationship does exist would be an exaggeration.

text: "bosses and coworkers" - the term is boss and subordinate.

refinement: The two of them communicate like boss and subordinate, and to say that a mild personal relationship does exist would be an exaggeration.

answer: The protagonist seems to have some kind of power over his assistant. He continuously deals with their philosophical discussions with annoyance and only wants his assistant to hand him his cell so he can call in the target. The protagonist shoots the character without pausing for thought, a clear indication of his superiority. The story portrays him as uncaring and dismissive of his assistant's point of view. The protagonist sees himself as correct while his assistant is foolish. The story seems to present the protagonist as authoritarian and dismissive of his assistant.

text: "The protagonist seems to have some kind of power over his assistant." - this line doesn't make sense. While it's true that the protagonist can order his assistant around, having power over the guy meant that he could've shut him up earlier. This part should be removed.

refinement: He continuously deals with their philosophical discussions with annoyance and only wants his assistant to hand him his cell so he can call in the target. The protagonist shoots the character without pausing for thought, a clear indication of his superiority. The story portrays him as uncaring and dismissive of his assistant's point of view. The protagonist sees himself as correct while his assistant is foolish. The story seems to present the protagonist as authoritarian and dismissive of his assistant.

text: "He continuously deals with their philosophical discussions with annoyance and only wants his assistant to hand him his cell so he can call in the target. The protagonist shoots the character without pausing for thought, a clear indication of his superiority." - this is irrelevant and should be deleted.

refinement: The story portrays him as uncaring and dismissive of his assistant's point of view. The protagonist sees himself as correct while his assistant is foolish. The story seems to present the protagonist as authoritarian and dismissive of his assistant.

text: "The story seems to present the protagonist as authoritarian and dismissive of his assistant." - this is redundant and should be deleted.

refinement: The story portrays him as uncaring and dismissive of his assistant's point of view. The protagonist sees himself as correct while his assistant is foolish.

answer: According to the narrator, his assistant was just some "lil fuck" to him. Although he worked as his assistant, he didn't respect his assistant. He never talked to him kindly. On the day of the shooting, he could barely hold his temper with his assistant. Towards the end of the story, he killed his assistant and apparently blamed him for the constant "philosophizing". It appears the narrator killed his assistant to shut him up.

text: "According to the narrator, his assistant was just some "lil fuck" to him." - this is incorrect. That line was said by the assistant.

refinement: Although he worked as his assistant, he didn't respect his assistant. He never talked to him kindly. On the day of the shooting, he could barely hold his temper with his assistant. Towards the end of the story, he killed his assistant and apparently blamed him for the constant "philosophizing". It appears the narrator killed his assistant to shut him up.

text: "Although he worked as his assistant, he didn't respect his assistant." - this makes doesn't make any sense whatsoever and should be deleted.

refinement: He never talked to him kindly. On the day of the shooting, he could barely hold his temper with his assistant. Towards the end of the story, he killed his assistant and apparently blamed him for the constant "philosophizing". It appears the narrator killed his assistant to shut him up.

text: "and apparently blamed him" - the protagonist didn't blame his assistant for anything. He was just pissed off that the guy wouldn't shut up.

refinement: He never talked to him kindly. On the day of the shooting, he could barely hold his temper with his assistant. Towards the end of the story, he killed his assistant for the constant "philosophizing". It appears the narrator killed his assistant to shut him up.

answer: The protagonist and his assistant are about to shoot someone, and the assistant is talking all the time, making the protagonist losing concentration. The protagonist is trying to quiet the assistant down, but he is keeping philosophizing about the meaning of life. Finally, the protagonist gives up trying to get his assistant to be quiet and kills him.

text: "losing" - change to "lose"

refinement: The protagonist and his assistant are about to shoot someone, and the assistant is talking all the time, making the protagonist lose concentration. The protagonist is trying to quiet the assistant down, but he is keeping philosophizing about the meaning of life. Finally, the protagonist gives up trying to get his assistant to be quiet and kills him.

text: "he is keeping" - change to "keeps"

refinement: The protagonist and his assistant are about to shoot someone, and the assistant is talking all the time, making the protagonist lose concentration. The protagonist is trying to quiet the assistant down, but he keeps philosophizing about the meaning of life. Finally, the protagonist gives up trying to get his assistant to be quiet and kills him.

text: "The protagonist and his assistant are about to shoot someone, and the assistant is talking all the time, making the protagonist lose concentration. The protagonist is trying to quiet the assistant down, but he keeps philosophizing about the meaning of life. Finally, the protagonist gives up trying to get his assistant to be quiet and kills him." - this still doesn't answer the question about their relationship or lack thereof.

refinement: The protagonist and his assistant are about to shoot someone, and the assistant is talking all the time, making the protagonist lose concentration. The protagonist is trying to quiet the assistant down, but he keeps philosophizing about the meaning of life. Finally, the protagonist gives up trying to get his assistant to be quiet and kills him. What all this means is that the protagonist doesn't care about his assistant at all and they have no relationship.


text:
Many of us grab our morning coffee without thinking about the effect our caffeine hit has on the environment. Yet when you hear the statistics, they’re hard to ignore. Every day in the UK we use around seven million disposable coffee cups, amounting to 2.5 billion a year. And according to the Environmental Audit Committee, only one in 400 cups can be recycled – less than 0.25 per cent. But there are some cafés trying to make a positive change. These London spots not only serve lovely coffee and food, they’re doing their bit to reduce waste, from changing to eco-friendly coffee roasting processes to using biodegradable cups.

Kiss The Hippo

[Kiss The Hippo]

Opened last year in the heart of sunny Richmond, Kiss The Hippo is a pioneer in the farm to table coffee movement. Not only can guests enjoy premium coffee brewed on site, they can take part in home brewing workshops to make freshly roasted coffee which they can then use at home. It’s also a lovely brunch spot, with dishes like scrambled tofu on sourdough and almond butter toast on offer alongside tasty treats – all made using ethically sourced seasonal ingredients. _kissthehippo.com_

Wild Food Café

[Wild Food Cafe]

Healthy eatery Wild Food Café is concerned not only with the health of its customers, but the health of the planet. Being a vegan, organic, raw-food pioneer, the ethos of being environmentally friendly is the heart and soul of the company. They serve organic products, use eco-friendly packaging and biodegradable cups, and with each bill 99p is added to enable the planting of a fruit tree in the developing world. _wildfoodcafe.com_

Ozone

Coffee roasting company Ozone was founded in New Zealand in 1998 with the aim of connecting coffee lovers to coffee farms. In 2012 they expanded overseas, launching a site in London’s Shoreditch, followed by a second branch just opened in Bethnal Green. Here beans are roasted in-house, and food menus are created using local produce. Honeycomb, for instance, comes from just six miles away in Crouch End, while quality cured meats are bought from Cobble Lane Cured in Islington just down the road. The restaurant has also been designed with the planet in mind, with chairs made from recycled plastic sourced from the fish farming industry in the north of Norway. _ozonecoffee.co.uk_

Caravan

_[Caravan Fitzrovia]_

Caravan is a market leader in sustainability. Not only are its coffee cups 100 per cent compostable, customers with a reusable cup get a 50p discount. Plastic straws are also banned, and customers are only given a biodegradable alternative when requested. They’ve also got a dedicated Green Coffee team, who travel round the world visiting farmers to create long-term sustainable and personal relationships. Produce is sourced sustainably, and in-house where possible – they make their own charcuterie, Kombucha, shrubs and soda._ caravancoffeeroasters.co.uk_

Origin Coffee

Eco-friendly coffee roasters Origin Coffee have a sustainability officer, responsible for ensuring all environmental policies are implemented. They recently switched to a natural carbonated water decaf process, which involves submerging the coffee in pressurised water and adding CO2 to draw the caffeine from the bean. The caffeine is then treated as a waste product, and resold for commercial use, which is much better for the environment than the alternative: a roasting process handled in Canada. Origin have cafes across London in Shoreditch, Hammersmith, Southwark and The British Library, so look out for one while you’re out and about in the city. _origincoffee.co.uk_

Bambusa (temporarily closed)

[Bambusa]

A Modern Asian café on Fitzrovia’s Charlotte Street, Bambusa is solely based on sustainable packaging. Breakfast and lunch are served in sugarcane packaging, while bespoke Malabar house blend coffee is served in biodegradable cups. _bambusalondon.com_

Farmstand (temporarily closed)

[Farmstand]

With branches in Covent Garden and Canary Wharf, Farmstand cooks up a healthy, seasonal menu using local produce from UK-based suppliers. Though the menu is 80 per cent plant based, they also serve a small amount of sustainable fish and ethical meat dishes. They also use only compostable packaging, don’t sell single-use plastic water bottles, and are committed to equal pay – all staff are owners of the business, and the highest paid person is only paid 2.5 times the lowest paid person. ‘You can’t offer healthy sustainable food if your founder or your senior team are being paid substantially more than others,’ says founder Steven Novick. _farmstand.co.uk_

Rail House Café

[Rail House Cafe]

Rail House café founder Adam White is in the process of finding a sustainable charity partner for the group – but in the mean time, they’re taking a number of steps in the right direction. At Victoria’s Rail House Café, takeaway cups and lids are 100 per cent compostable, no plastic straws are used, and any excess produce goes into preparing staff meals to minimise wastage. _railhouse.cafe_

Daylesford Brompton Cross

[Daylesford Pizza]

A leader in the eco-friendly food movement, Daylesford Brompton Cross celebrates a zero-waste policy, ensuring packaging is recyclable, reusable or compostable, and no food is thrown away. Any extra food is sent to The Felix Project, who go on to redistribute it to those in need around London, while straws are made from wheat stalks and customers are encouraged to bring their own reusable cups. Fitting, then, that the three-storey space is designed around a huge oak tree, which was saved by the Bamford family and transformed into a piece of natural art. _daylesford.com_

Farmacy

[Farmacy Interior]

Plant-based Notting Hill eatery Farmacy use recyclable or compostable packaging, adopt a ‘root to fruit’ philosophy, and ensure food waste is kept to an absolute minimum. All ingredients used are either grown on the farm or sourced from local suppliers, and the restaurant champions biodynamic sustainability, with a fully organic and biodynamic wine offering. _farmacylondon.com_

_READ MORE:_ _The Zero Waste Food Movement / Ethical Fashion Brands / Best Charity Shops in London_

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why is morning coffee having a bad effect on the environment?

answer: In the UK, there are 2.5 billion coffee cups used every year, and only 0.25% of them can be recycled pound.

text: Erroneous word

refinement: In the UK, there are 2.5 billion coffee cups used every year, and only 0.25% of them can be recycled.

answer: The issue the article brings up is the lack of proper handling of waste. Many of the coffee shops in London do not actually use biodegradable cups. They also may not use eco-friendly coffee roasting processes. Many of the shops listed in the article which do have a good effect on the environment also have vegan or raw foods.

answer: Because of the low rate at which coffee cups are reused and recycled.

text: Incomplete answer.

refinement: Every day in the UK we use around seven million disposable coffee cups, amounting to 2.5 billion a year. And according to the Environmental Audit Committee, only one in 400 cups can be recycled – less than 0.25 per cent.

answer: The disposable coffee cups used every day in the UK end up in landfills, contributing to the amount of waste created each year. The environment is also negatively impacted by the roasting process for coffee beans, which often uses high levels of energy, and the packaging used for takeaway cups and foods. The goal of many cafés is to reduce this waste, by implementing measures such as switching to eco-friendly coffee roasting processes, using biodegradable cups, and sourcing ingredients locally.

answer: The issue with morning coffee is that disposable cups are not recyclable. Each day the UK consumes seven million disposable coffee cups and only one in 400 can be recycled, which results in an excessive amount of waste product. This aspect is having a negative effect on the environment.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why is locally sourced food important to the author?

answer: The author believes that locally sourced food is important because it is more environmentally friendly. Locally sourced ingredients are grown close by, reducing the carbon footprint of getting the ingredients to the restaurant. Additionally, food waste is kept to a minimum when the ingredients are grown close to the eatery. This is better for the planet than transportation long distances for food which inevitably results in wasted resources.

answer: Locally sourced food means that the food has less of a carbon footprint. While this is not explicitly stated, the author clearly prefers shops which get their wares from local suppliers. They describe in detail how the food comes from local London sources.

answer: It might be implied locally sourced food has less waste. Local farms have fewer shipping containers than produce from supermarkets, botatnic shops, warehouse stores, and food distributors.

text: Clumsy sentence

refinement: Locally sourced food results in less waste. Local farms have fewer shipping containers than produce from supermarkets, botatnic shops, warehouse stores, and food distributors.

text: Clumsy sentence structure

refinement: Locally sourced food results in less waste. Local farms use fewer shipping containers than goods produced further afield.

answer: The reason the author feels this is important is because it reduces the burden caused by transporting goods by getting them from close sources all the way to the eatery. This has an adverse effect on the environment through emissions of greenhouse gases.

answer: The author feels that locally sourced and organic food is important for sustainability. By cutting down on transportation and packaging, locally sourced food decreases its carbon footprint, which is important for preserving the environment. Additionally, purchasing locally sourced food supports the local economy, community, and biodiversity.

text: There is nothing said about supporting biodiversity.

refinement: The author feels that locally sourced and organic food is important for sustainability. By cutting down on transportation and packaging, locally sourced food decreases its carbon footprint, which is important for preserving the environment. Additionally, purchasing locally sourced food supports the local economy.


text:
MANUEL THURNWALD (born 16 July 1998) is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach.[1]

Club career

Early career

Born in 1998, Thurnwald started his football career with Rapid Wien youth team.[2]

Rapid Wien

In 2016, Thurnwald was called up for Rapid Wien first team. On 6 November 2016, Thurnwald made his senior team debut in Austrian Football Bundesliga against Wolfsberger AC at Allianz Stadion, playing the game as a starter for full-time game by coach Mike Büskens.[3]

Rheindorf Altach

On 22 July 2019, Thurnwald joined Rheindorf Altach on a two-year deal with an option for one further year.[4]

Club career statistics

  Club performance   League         Cup                            continental   Total
  ------------------ -------------- ------------------------------ ------------- ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------ -------
  Season             Club           League                         Apps          Goals
  Austria            League         Austrian Cup                   Europe        Total
  2016–17            Rapid Wien     Austrian Football Bundesliga   11            0
  2017–18            10             1                              2             0
  2018–19            0              0                              0             0
  Total              Career total   21                             1             2

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] Manuel Thurnwald wechselt zum SCR Altach, abseits.at, 22 July 2019

title: Manuel Thurnwald

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Manuel Thurnwald?

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach. He was born in 1998.

answer: an Austrian footballer

text: A Capital letter; missing dot.

answer: He is an Austrian football player who plays as a full-back.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What team is Manuel Thurnwald on?

answer: SC Rheindorf Altach

text: Missing dot.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is a member of Rapid Wien.

text: Manuel Thurnwald is not a member of Rapid Wien.

refinement: Manuel Thurnwald is a member of SC Rheindorf Altach.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is on Rapid Wien.

text: Manuel Thurnwald is not on Rapid Wien.

refinement: Manuel Thurnwald is on SC Rheindorf Altach.

answer: He plays for SC Rheindorf Altach on the Austrian Football Bundesliga.

answer: He plays for SC Rheindorf Altach.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What position does Manuel Thurnwald play?

answer: Thurnwald plays as a full-back.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald plays as a full-back.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is a full-back.

answer: Thurnwald plays as a full-back.

answer: full-back

text: Capital letter; missing dot.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was Manuel Thurnwald born?

answer: 16 July 1998

text: Missing dot.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald was born on 16 July 1998.

answer: 16 July 1998.

answer: 16 July 1998.

answer: Thurnwald was born on 16 July 1998.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who currently plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach. Thurnwald made his senior team debut in the Austrian Football Bundesliga in 2016 with Rapid Wien. He joined Rheindorf Altach on July 22, 2019.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who currently plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach. In 2016, he made his senior team debut at Rapid Wien.

answer: This article is about Manuel Thurnwald, an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach.

answer: Manuel Timberwrod is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back.

answer: Manuel Thurnwald is an Austrian footballer who plays as a full-back for SC Rheindorf Altach.


text:
The FRANKLIN FAIRBANKS HOUSE is a historic house at 357 Western Avenue in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. It was built in 1860 for Franklin Fairbanks, a prominent local businessman and philanthropist. The house is an excellent example of Italianate architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[1] It now houses professional offices.

Description and history

The Franklin Fairbanks House stands west of downtown St. Johnsbury, on the south side of Western Avenue (United States Route 2), between the Fairbanks Inn and the St. Johnsbury School. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, clapboarded exterior, and brick foundation. It has a basic T-shaped layout, with gabled projections to both sides, with its main facade oriented facing east. It has high-style Italianate decorative features, including roof dormers with finials, a bracketed cornice, polygonal window bays, and a porch with chamfered posts. A carriage barn is attached at the southern end.[2]

The house was built in 1860 for Franklin Fairbanks, then a principal in the E. & T. Fairbanks Scale Company, whose factory complex was located roughly between the house and the Passumpsic River. The house is a close implementation of Plate 21 of _Villas and Cottages_, a design pattern book published by Calvert Vaux. Fairbanks is remembered locally for his philanthropy, which notably includes the founding of the Fairbanks Museum.[3] The factory complex was destroyed by fire in 1972; Fairbanks' house, which he occupied until 1872, has been converted for use as professional offices.

[1]

[2]  with

[3]

title: Franklin Fairbanks House

question: Where is Franklin Fairbanks House?

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is located in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

answer: 357 Western Avenue in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

question: When was Franklin Fairbanks House built?

answer: 1860.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House was built in 1860.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House was built in 1860.

question: Who was Franklin Fairbanks House built for?

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House was built for Franklin Fairbanks

text: A missing punctuation mark.

refinement: The Franklin Fairbanks House was built for Franklin Fairbanks.

answer: Franklin Fairbanks.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House was built for Franklin Fairbanks, a prominent local businessman and philanthropist.

question: What did Franklin Fairbanks fo?

answer: He was a businessman and philanthropist.

answer: He was a businessman and philanthropist.

answer: He founded the Fairbanks Museum.

text: It is omitted that Fairbanks was also a prominent local businessman.

refinement: He founded the Fairbanks Museum and was also a prominent local businessman.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house at 357 Western Avenue in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house in Vermont.

answer: A description of Franklin Fairbanks House, and it's purpose as a historic house.

answer: This article is about Franklin Fairbanks House, a prominent house in St. Johnsbury Vermont.

text: An omitted punctuation mark - St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

refinement: This article is about Franklin Fairbanks House, a prominent house in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

answer: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house built in 1860 by Franklin Fairbanks and converted for professional offices in 1980.

text: It is falsely stated that the house was built by Franklin Fairbanks.

refinement: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house built in 1860 for Franklin Fairbanks and converted for professional offices in 1980.

text: There is no evidence that the house was converted for professional offices in 1980.

refinement: The Franklin Fairbanks House is a historic house built in 1860 for Franklin Fairbanks and later converted for professional offices.


text:
A painter, that’s what they called him. An artist, a natural. Amazing, they called him. But now what will they call him, a tragedy? A mistake, a fatality, a casualty? Alone I stood, the room silent. The only noise I could hear coming from the breath I was taking, and my heart racing, at what seemed like thousands, millions of beats per minute. Memories flashed through my head, him and I, at five years old, running around and causing mischief. Ten years old, raising hell at school. Fifteen years old, ditching school. Twenty years old, going to a different place of the world. The painting was fresh and some of the colors were still drying. It was almost an exact replica of the scene that confronted me as I entered the room. Hanging, in the air, neck at an odd angle and body limp, a body hung by a rope with only a noose to support it. The wall behind it was stained, and the worst thing of it all was the colors used. The world around was a combination of dark blues, greens, and grays, while the corpse was painted vivid colors that caught the eye. The bright colors would’ve communicated happiness in any other painting, while the outside world was a dull and dark gray, a sadness, a pain to exist in. Paint was splattered everywhere, there was broken glass and assorted other small things strewn about. The rafters creaked occasionally, supporting the body swinging from a noose.
	Two months in the past, the painter stood. The woman he loved with all his heart, the child they had made, walked to a car waiting. He watched, heart breaking, as they got in the car and drove away, giving no second glance. The painter stayed there for a long time. He turned around, walked back inside the house, and then stood inside the door. The house was big and beautiful, but now it was empty. After two minutes, his heart sank. After one, a tear fell. Something rose inside him. He strode over to a table, with a pristine set of flowers inside a vase. He took the vase, rose it above his head, and smashed it on the ground. This did not help. He screamed, a violent, guttural war cry, and laid about him. Before he knew, everything in his house was smashed, and he still felt the rage, the burning hole where his heart and soul was. He fell to his knees, screaming. This scream was a more desperate, pained scream. The pain of someone being tortured.
	One month in the past, the painter stood. The judge left the courtroom, and he was officially unmarried. The painters’ love rose, and left with the painters’ offspring. The painter left, as the world seemed to become gray. The colors he loved and cherished, gone. The scenes he would be amazed with and try to recreate, a disgusting gray. The painter drove home, feeling nothing, seeing nothing, enjoying nothing. He arrived in his house, which he had still not cleaned up, and sat on his couch, careful not to sit on a torn place. He took out his cell phone, and dialed up someone.
	Two weeks in the past, the painter stood. He waited patiently, almost unable to contain his enthusiasm. A car, which appeared to just be multiple pieces of multiple cars, pulled into the driveway. Out of it stepped a man, with dirty, stained clothes. He carried a duffle bag, and walked as fast as he dared into the house. They sat on the couch, and out of the duffle bag came a leather belt. The painter fixed it to his arm, and tightened it. Then came a needle. Pull, push. The painter slumped over, almost unable to move. He drifted away, away from the life that he now despised.
	Fifteen minutes ago, the painter finished. He was out of money, out of hope, and out of will to live. He stepped back, comparing the two pictures. The noose hung in both, and the painter would’ve had a hard time knowing which one was real, if one already had his body hanging and the other did not. He placed his wooden stool, the stool he painted on for his entire life, coated in splotches of paint, and stood up. He put the noose around his neck, and leaned back so the stool fell. Within a minute, whatever life remained in his heartbroken body had fled, and all that was left was a body. He thought of himself as a husk of his former being, after the divorce, but now, he really was a husk, a piece of meat.
	Two minutes ago, I walked into this scene. I stood for a few minutes, staring. I couldn’t move, couldn’t think, all I could do is stand and look. Look, stand, and memorize. Suddenly, the front door of the house opened. Into the room ran a small child. He stole a single glance at me, but when he saw the hanging body, he stared for a moment.
	“Daddy!” The child screamed, and ran to the body. The click-clack of heels on hardwood approached the room from outside, while the child screamed and cried at the feet of his father’s corpse, hanging from the rafter. The woman entered the room, and recognized me, before looking to the corpse of her ex-husband, who was now ex-living. They called him a painter, I called him a friend. The child called him father, the woman used to call him husband. Society will call him a tragedy, but now he is just a corpse.

title: The Painter (Please give feedback)

question: Why did the painter commit suicide?

answer: He felt his life to be not worth living after his wife divorced him.

answer: The painter committed suicide out of utter despair, due to a recent romantic breakup, being divorced, and feeling nothing pleasurable in life anymore.

answer: The painter committed suicide because he was heartbroken after his wife left him and he could no longer find joy in life. In the end, the pain became too much for him to bear and he decided that he would be better off dead.

text: "The woman he loved with all his heart, the child they had made, walked to a car waiting. He watched, heart breaking, as they got in the car and drove away" is evidence that his wife left him.

question: What scene did the narrator witness about his friend?

answer: He saw a room with his friend's corpse hanging from a noose around his neck with a recent painting depicting the same image.

answer: The narrator saw a painting had portrayed his friend hanging.

text: It is omitted that the friend had committed suicide.

refinement: The narrator saw his friend hanging and also a painting that portrayed the same.

text: "It was almost an exact replica of the scene" is evidence that the painting was of him hanging.

answer: The narrator witnessed his friend committing suicide, by hanging himself.

text: The narrator did not witness him commit suicide, he only saw the corpse hanging.

refinement: The narrator witnessed his friend's corpse hanging, he had committed suicide.

question: Did the painter try to cope with the divorce?

answer: From the passage, it is clear that the painter did not cope well after his divorce. He became depressed and filled with rage, and eventually he committed suicide.

answer: It seems like he didn't try very hard. After sinking deep into depression, he tries a drug (probably heroin), but that doesn't solve his plight, either.

answer: From the passage it can be inferred that the painter decided to take his own life after his marriage ended. It can be inferred that the painter wasn't able to cope with the divorce and resorted to self-harm.

question: What is the color contrast with the mood at the scene of the suicide?

answer: The colors of the painting are vibrant and cheerful, but the colors of the wall in the outside world are dull and unwelcoming.

answer: The colors around are mostly bright as if a cheery scene is taking place. However, the scene is only tragic and sad.

answer: The painting's use of color says that sometimes real life can be full of happiness, while the outside world was a dull, dreary gray.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: This is a story about a painter who commits suicide by hanging himself, with devastating consequences for those closest to him. The painter leaves behind a young son and ex-wife, and his suicide sends waves of pain and sadness rippling though all those close to him.

text: There is no evidence of the devastating consequences for those closest to him.

refinement: This is a story about a painter who commits suicide by hanging himself. The painter leaves behind a young son and ex-wife, and his suicide sends waves of pain and sadness rippling though all those close to him.

text: Wrong spelling - through

refinement: This is a story about a painter who commits suicide by hanging himself. The painter leaves behind a young son and ex-wife, and his suicide sends waves of pain and sadness rippling through all those close to him.

answer: In it, the protagonist, a painter, kills himself by hanging, leaving behind an ex-wife and child who are then confronted with his body. The painting that the painter was working on before his death is a gruesome and dark depiction of the very scene that his family is now faced with. The painting drives home the tragedy that befell the painter, as he found himself alone in a life in which he only could see emptiness.

answer: This story describes a painter - once respected and loved - who takes his own life. The painter then creates an eerie painting in his memory depicting his body hanging from a noose. Soon after, his family discover the grisly scene - the child screaming and crying at his father's lifeless corpse. The painter's friends and family all mourn his tragic death.

answer: This story follows a talented painter, who loses everything following a divorce. He decides to take his own life to escape the pain, hanging himself in his own home in a tragic scene that his child and ex-wife are unfortunate enough to come across.

answer: The story takes place in a home where the main character—a painter—has killed himself. The man's body hangs from a noose, and the only witnesses to his death are his young son and ex-wife. His death is viewed as a tragedy, and his wife and son are deeply saddened by his passing.

text: It is wrongly stated that his ex-wife and son are the only ones who witnesses the scene.

refinement: The story takes place in a home where the main character—a painter—has killed himself. The man's body hangs from a noose, and the witnesses to his death are his young son, ex-wife, and the narrator. His death is viewed as a tragedy, and his wife and son are deeply saddened by his passing.

text: "Hanging, in the air, neck at an odd angle and body limp, a body hung by a rope with only a noose to support it." This makes it evident that the painter had killed himself.

answer: A painter, a father, the narrator's lifelong friend, and an ex-husband now hangs from a noose, with a painting depicting the same scene. The colors around are mostly bright as if a cheery scene is taking place. However, the scene is only tragic and sad. The narrator thinks about their past together, and how the divorce from his love broke his friend. The painter raged, injected heroin, but he couldn't find any reason to live anymore.

text: "The judge left the courtroom, and he was officially unmarried." This is evidence that the man was the woman's ex-husband.

text: "out of the duffle bag came a leather belt. The painter fixed it to his arm, and tightened it. Then came a needle. Pull, push. The painter slumped over, almost unable to move." is evidence that the painter did drugs (probably heroin).


text:
[Satellite view of the Mar Menor, Cartagena, and Cape Palos.] CAPE PALOS () is a cape in the Spanish municipality of Cartagena, in the region of Murcia. It is part of a small range of volcanic mounts that form a small peninsula. The Mediterranean islands of Grosa and the group known as the Hormigas Islands are part of this range, as well as the islands in the Mar Menor (“Little Sea”). The name “Palos” is derived from the Latin word _palus_, meaning lagoon, a reference to the Mar Menor.

According to Pliny the Elder and Rufus Festus Avienus, there was once a temple dedicated to Baal Hammon on the promontory of the cape, which later became associated with the cult of Saturn. During the reign of Philip II of Spain, a watchtower was built on the promontory as a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates. Some battles occurred in the place such as: Battle of Cape Palos (1591) during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), Battle of Cape Palos (1758) during the Spanish-Barbary conflict (1694–1792), Battle of Cape Palos (1815) during the Second Barbary War and Battle of Cape Palos (1938) during the Spanish Civil War.

Its lighthouse began operating on January 31, 1865. The cape is part of a marine reserve, the _Reserva Marina de Cabo de Palos e Islas Hormigas_.

Image:Faro Cabo de Palos.jpg|Lighthouse of Cabo de Palos File:Cabo de Palos 1.jpg|Lighthouse at night File:Islas Hormigas - Cabo de Palos.jpg|

title: Cape Palos

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is the cape?

answer: It is found in the Spanish municipality of Cartagena, a region of Murcia.

answer: The cape is located in Cartagena, in the region of Murcia.

answer: In Cartagena, Murcia, Spain

text: Spain is not referenced in the passage so that should be omitted from this response.

answer: The cape is in the Spanish municipality of Cartagena, in the region of Murcia.

answer: In the Spanish municipality of Cartagena.

text: Additional detail could be added to this response, such as the region of Murcia, to make this a better response.

refinement: In the Spanish municipality of Cartagena, in the region of Murcia.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who claims that there was once a temple dedicated to Ball Hammon on the cape's promontory?

answer: Rufus Festus Avienus claims that there was once a temple dedicated to Ball Hammon on the cape's promontory.

text: An additional person, Pliny the Elder, needs to be added to this response.

refinement: Rufus Festus Avienus and Pliny the Elder claim that there was once a temple dedicated to Ball Hammon on the cape's promontory.

answer: Pliny the Elder.

text: This response needs to include the name of Rufus Festus and be put into a full sentence.

refinement: Pliny the Elder and Rufus Festus Avienus claim that there was once a temple dedicated to Ball Hammon on the cape's promontory.

answer: Pliny the Elder and Rufus Festus Avienus

answer: Pliny the Elder and Rufus Festus Avienus claim there was once a temple dedicated to Ball Hammon on the cap's promontory.

answer: Pliny the Elder and Rufus Festus Avienus claim that there was a temple dedicated to Baal Hammon on the cape's promontory.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was a watchtower built on the promontory?

answer: A watchtower was built for defense from the Barbary pirates.

text: This answer is found in the passage where it is stated "During the reign of Philip II of Spain, a watchtower was built on the promontory as a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates."

answer: It is not stated.

text: This response is incorrect and a correct response needs to be written.

refinement: A watchtower was built  on the promontory for defense from the Barbary pirates.

answer: It was a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates

answer: The watchtower was built as a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates.

answer: The watchtower was built as a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When did the lighthouse begin operating?

answer: January 31, 1865

answer: The lighthouse began operating on January 31, 1865.

answer: The lighthouse began operating on January 31, 1865.

answer: January 31, 1865

answer: January 31, 1865

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Cape Palos is a cape in Cartegena, Murcia, Spain situated in a promontory. It is part of a small range of volcanic mounts, the Mediterranean islands of Grosa and the Hormiga Islands are part of this range. During the Second Barbary War and Spanish Civil War, some battles were fought in the area.

text: This summary should include the lighthouse.

refinement: Cape Palos is a cape in Cartegena, Murcia, Spain situated in a promontory and tt is part of a small range of volcanic mounts, the Mediterranean islands of Grosa and the Hormiga Islands are part of this range. During the Second Barbary War and Spanish Civil War, some battles were fought in the area. A lighthouse is one of the attractions at the cape and the cape is now part of a marine reserve.

answer: Cape Palos is a cape in Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. It is part of a small range of volcanic mounts, and it is also part of a marine reserve. The cape was once home to a watchtower to guard against the Barbary Pirates, and in 1865, a lighthouse began operating there.

answer: Cape Palos is a promontory in Cartagena that once was home to a temple of Baal Hammon. The lighthouse was built in 1865, and Cabo de Palos is now a marine reserve.

text: More description from the passage can be added into this summary to represent the important points described in the passage.

refinement: Cape Palos is a promontory in Cartagena that once was home to a temple of Baal Hammon. Several battles occurred on the cape during the Spanish Civil War. The lighthouse was built in 1865 and is an attraction of the cape. Cabo de Palos is now a marine reserve.

answer: Cape Palos is an area of geological prominence in Cartagena, Spain. It is home to a natural reserve and is historically known for hosting a temple of Baal Hammon in classical times. The cape's lighthouse began operating in 1865 and is part of a marine reserve today.

answer: Cape Palos, located in Cartagena, has a small range of volcanic mounts which also include Mediterranean islands, during the reign of Philip II of Spain a watchtower was built on the promontory of the cape as a defense measure against the Barbary Pirates. Today the area is home to the Islas Hormigas and the Cape Palos watchtower, and is part of a marine reserve.