text:
Thank you very much for taking the time to read this because I need you to give me constructive criticism on my still in-progress work. I know it is incomplete, but I need advice about my writing style, appeal, etc. so I can better myself. If you like it, great! If you do not like it, tell me why you do not like it in a constructive manner. I hope my paper is free of grammatical errors and I hope you enjoy the first chapter of "The Lone Wolf"!

I pressed the ashes and the dirt together into a neat mound and I stood up to look at it. Tears welled up in my eyes and I wiped them with my sleeve. After only a week’s struggle, both of my parents were dead and I was alone. I looked around at the destruction around me, seeing fires blacken rubble and electric wires sparkling. I looked back down at the grave and my makeshift cross, hoping it would suffice for the sacrifice my parents made to me by protecting me in the last raid. Now, I needed to survive by myself and for myself. I said a few quiet words for my parents and I prepared myself for the road ahead of me.

            My name is Michael Greaves, a seventeen year-old survivor on the road trying to scavenge for food and water. I was a military brat before this cataclysmic event and my parents were military veterans from the Marine Corps. I barely outlasted a bandit raid with my MP5 submachine gun and my P99 pistol, but my parents saved me in the flash of the last moments of their lives. When the marauders stormed the remains of our house and ran down to the cellar, my parents brandished combat knives and they ambushed them. I was told to sit in the corner with my MP5 on my lap and a blanket over my body so the bandits wouldn’t see me, but I watched my parents wrestle them to the ground. I heard a shot ring out in the cellar and my mother screamed. The second shot sounded soon after the first. All was silent and I was trying my hardest not to cry out and tears were falling out of my eyes. I quickly wiped my face and I tore off the blanket, revealing my gun. I shouted my loudest and longest shout as I was unloading all of my bullets uncontrollably on these helpless thieves. I wasted all of my MP5 ammunition on their dead bodies. Once my voice cracked, I stopped screaming and I returned to the cruel reality of my parents’ deaths. I fell to my knees and I slumped over their bodies and I must have cried all night.

            When dawn’s light reached through the cracks of the cellar’s ceiling, I knew what I had to do. When I picked up my mother, I wept hard once again. I tried carrying my mother up the broken stairs and it felt as if all of the world’s weight was put on my arms. When I got outside, my knees broke down in an empty space apart from all of the rubble around me and I set my mother down. This was hard on me both mentally and emotionally and I couldn’t think of an even worse way of their deaths.

I dragged my feet down the stairs and I saw my father lying on his side with his back turned to me. I tried picking up my father, but I was too weak and I cried again. I didn’t even want to drag him up the stairs, pulling his dead arms, but it was the only way. His head was knocked around on the broken stairs and it only made me feel worse about myself. I pulled his body next to my mother and I went back downstairs to get a shovel.

With every scoop of dirt, ash, and rubble, I grunted pathetically every single time. The grunting only got progressively worse when I kept looking at my parents’ peaceful faces. Tears flew out of my eyes with every deliberate scoop. I took a long break to avoid thinking about my parents, but it was the only thing I could think about and I cried silently when I returned to work. I finished digging and I looked at the close sunset on the horizon. I didn’t want to leave my parents out here in the cold, but it was too dangerous to linger out here with raiders lurking about. I placed my parents in one grave together and they looked peaceful together. I put my mother’s right hand in my father’s left hand and it somehow made me feel better, but I ignored the feeling quickly and I garrisoned myself in the cellar.

After dawn made its appearance again the next day, I emerged from the cellar and I found my parents unchanged. I started to drop the dirt on my parents from their feet to their heads. I didn’t cry this time because I knew I needed to become strong from this experience and keep moving forward with my life. The mound was irregularly arranged, but I changed my focus to the headstone for them. I didn’t know how to honor their sacrifice so greatly with only a few words carved in stone, and instead, I took two broken planks and twine and I crafted a makeshift cross. I stuck the cross at the head of their grave and I pressed the dirt and ashes together into a neat mound.

No matter how hungry or thirsty I was, I still took a knee and said a few words for the funeral service:

“Mother and Father, I’m terribly sorry I couldn’t protect you. Your deaths were your ultimate sacrifice to me and I am humbly grateful for all you have done to nurture and protect me. I know you wouldn’t want me to result to vengeance because that is not what God wants. Your sacrifices were intended to keep me alive and I will survive by any means necessary.”

My voice became very dry and I could talk no more. I went inside the cellar to prepare myself for the road ahead of me. I took the marauder’s pistols, the remainder of canned food, the last two bottles of water, my parents’ bloody combat knives and their assault rifles, a bottle of painkillers, and I put them all in my backpack. It was a heavy load, but I knew it would get lighter over time. I emerged from the cellar at around noon and the sun shown brightly on my face. I pulled my ripped handkerchief up to my eyes and I put my sunglasses on. I tightened my backpack’s straps and I started on the road.

title: The Lone Wolf (still in working progress; read description before reading short story)

question: Why are the parents dead?

answer: The parents are dead because they sacrificed themselves to protect their son from a bandit raid.

answer: The parents are dead because they were killed by bandits.

text: could be more specific

refinement: The parents are dead because they were killed by bandits while protecting their son.

answer: They were killed by bandits.

text: could be more specific

refinement: They were killed by bandits while protecting their son.

answer: They were killed by bandits.

text: could be more specific

refinement: They were killed by bandits while protecting their son.

question: Where will the narrator go?

answer: This information is not given in the text.

answer: The narrator will go to the nearest town.

text: The information is not given in the text.

refinement: The information is not given in the text.

answer: The narrator will go on the road.

text: The information is not given in the text.

refinement: The information is not given in the text.

answer: The narrator will likely go in search of other survivors in order to find safety and companionship.

text: The information is not given in the text.

refinement: The information is not given in the text.

question: What happened to make the world like this?

answer: The world became like this after a cataclysmic event. The protagonist's parents were military veterans and they sacrificed their lives to protect their son from a bandit raid. The protagonist is now on his own and must scavenge for food and water.

text: includes unnecessary information; the question is about the state of the world, not the life of the boy

refinement: The world became like this after a cataclysmic event.

answer: The world became like this because of a cataclysmic event.

text: answer field is empty

refinement: The world became like this because of a cataclysmic event.

answer: It is not stated.

text: While it's not stated in detail, there is reference to a 'cataclysmic event'

refinement: The world became like this because of a cataclysmic event.

question: Did the narrator bury the bandits?

answer: No, he left them to rot.

text: Left them to rot is a very loaded phrase that is not deployed within the text. While factually accurate, this is a pretty big stylistic error.

text: Because the text details the burial of his parents, we can assume he did not bury the bandits, even though it is not expressed directly.

answer: No, the narrator only buried his parents.

text: Because the text details the burial of his parents, we can assume he did not bury the bandits, even though it is not expressed directly.

answer: This information is not given in the text.

text: Because the text details the burial of his parents, we can assume he did not bury the bandits, even though it is not expressed directly.

refinement: No, the narrator did not bury the bandits.

answer: No, the narrator did not bury the bandits.

text: Because the text details the burial of his parents, we can assume he did not bury the bandits, even though it is not expressed directly.

question: What does the narrator say at the funeral?

answer: He apologizes for not protecting them and promises to survive by any means necessary.

text: Because the passage is short, there's no reason not to quote the text directly.

refinement: The narrator says: “Mother and Father, I’m terribly sorry I couldn’t protect you. Your deaths were your ultimate sacrifice to me and I am humbly grateful for all you have done to nurture and protect me. I know you wouldn’t want me to result to vengeance because that is not what God wants. Your sacrifices were intended to keep me alive and I will survive by any means necessary.”

answer: The narrator says that he is grateful for his parents' sacrifices and that he will survive by any means necessary.

text: Because the passage is short there is no reason not to quote the text directly.

refinement: The narrator says: “Mother and Father, I’m terribly sorry I couldn’t protect you. Your deaths were your ultimate sacrifice to me and I am humbly grateful for all you have done to nurture and protect me. I know you wouldn’t want me to result to vengeance because that is not what God wants. Your sacrifices were intended to keep me alive and I will survive by any means necessary.”

answer: He says that he is grateful for his parents' sacrifices and that he will survive by any means necessary.

text: Because the passage is short there is no reason not to quote the text directly.

refinement: The narrator says: “Mother and Father, I’m terribly sorry I couldn’t protect you. Your deaths were your ultimate sacrifice to me and I am humbly grateful for all you have done to nurture and protect me. I know you wouldn’t want me to result to vengeance because that is not what God wants. Your sacrifices were intended to keep me alive and I will survive by any means necessary.”

answer: The narrator says that he is grateful for his parents' sacrifices and that he will survive by any means necessary. He also says that he does not want to seek vengeance because that is not what God wants.

text: Because the passage is short there is no reason not to quote the text directly.

refinement: The narrator says: “Mother and Father, I’m terribly sorry I couldn’t protect you. Your deaths were your ultimate sacrifice to me and I am humbly grateful for all you have done to nurture and protect me. I know you wouldn’t want me to result to vengeance because that is not what God wants. Your sacrifices were intended to keep me alive and I will survive by any means necessary.”

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The protagonist, Michael Greaves, is a seventeen-year-old boy who is struggling to survive after his parents were killed in a raid. He buries them and leaves them with a makeshift cross, before setting out on his own. He takes their guns and other belongings, and vows to survive by any means necessary.

answer: Michael Greaves is a seventeen year-old survivor on the road trying to scavenge for food and water. He was a military brat before this cataclysmic event and his parents were military veterans from the Marine Corps. He barely survived a bandit raid with his MP5 submachine gun and his P99 pistol, but his parents saved him in the flash of the last moments of their lives.

text: favoring less important details over (like the type of gun Michael uses) over more important details (his parents' burial)

refinement: Michael Greaves is a seventeen year-old survivor on the road trying to scavenge for food and water. He was a military brat before this cataclysmic event and his parents were military veterans from the Marine Corps. He barely survived a bandit raid that killed his parents, and buries them in the aftermath, vowing to survive by any means necessary.

answer: Michael Greaves is a seventeen year-old survivor on the road trying to scavenge for food and water. He was a military brat before this cataclysmic event and his parents were military veterans from the Marine Corps. He barely outlasted a bandit raid with his MP5 submachine gun and his P99 pistol, but his parents saved him in the flash of the last moments of their lives. When the marauders stormed the remains of their house and ran down to the cellar, his parents brandished combat knives and they ambushed them. I was told to sit in the corner with my MP5 on my lap and a blanket over my body so the bandits wouldn’t see me, but I watched my parents wrestle them to the ground. I heard a shot ring out in the cellar and my mother screamed. The second shot sounded soon after the first. All was silent and I was trying my hardest not to cry out and tears were falling out of my eyes. I quickly wiped my face and I tore off the blanket, revealing my gun. I shouted my loudest and longest shout as I was unloading all of my bullets uncontrollably on these helpless thieves. I wasted all of my MP5 ammunition on their dead bodies. Once my voice cracked, I stopped screaming and I returned to the cruel reality of my parents’ deaths. I fell to my knees and I slumped over their bodies and I must have cried all night. When dawn’s light reached through the cracks of the cellar’s ceiling, I knew what I had to do. When I picked up my mother, I wept hard once again. I tried carrying my mother up the broken stairs and it felt as if all of the world’s weight was put on my arms. When I got outside, my knees broke down in an empty space apart from all of the rubble around me and I set my mother down. This was hard on me both mentally and emotionally and I couldn’t think of an even worse way of their deaths. I dragged my feet down the stairs and I saw my father lying on his side with his back turned to me. I tried picking up my father, but I was too weak and I cried again. I didn’t even want to drag him up the stairs, pulling his dead arms, but it was the only way. His head was knocked around on the broken stairs and it only made me feel worse about myself. I pulled his body next to my mother and I went back downstairs to get a shovel. With every scoop of dirt, ash, and rubble, I grunted pathetically every single time. The grunting only got progressively worse when I kept looking at my parents’ peaceful faces. Tears flew out of my eyes with every deliberate scoop. I took a long break to avoid thinking about my parents, but it was the only thing I could think about and I cried silently when I returned to work. I finished digging and I looked at the close sunset on the horizon. I didn’t want to leave my

text: significantly over the length requirement

refinement: The protagonist, Michael Greaves, is a seventeen-year-old boy who is struggling to survive after his parents were killed in a raid. He buries them and leaves them with a makeshift cross, before setting out on his own. He takes their guns and other belongings, and vows to survive by any means necessary.

answer: In a dystopian setting, the narrator survives a bandit raid in which his parents are killed. He mourns their loss and buries them. He conducts a short funeral service and then gathers up his survival gear and gets started on a new journey by himself.


split: train

text:
	Mason walked into the classroom, it was the first day of eighth grade, and he was nervous about getting bullied like all the years before. Summer was a blessing to him, a priceless gift that he would never sell. It was his safe haven away from all the bullying and name calling. He may have already ended his life if it wasn't for summer.

	While Mason was calming himself down, Jacob carelessly strolled into the room. Mason tried his best to look away and avoid eye contact with him, but Jacob already spotted him. Jacob walked over to him with a smirk on his face, calling him names like pepperoni face and grease ball, making fun of his acne and exploiting how overweight Mason was. The whole class giggled.

	Jacob continued to annoy Mason. He started pulling at his greasy black hair, and then shoved Mason out of his seat. The teacher walked in right at that moment, but ignored Jacob's constant bullying. Jacob decided to take a seat right behind Mason, and bother him the whole class period.

	Mason couldn't believe what was occurring, Jacob was stabbing him with freshly sharpened pencils, while stealing his school supplies, and the teacher was doing nothing about it. Then the bell rung, his salvation from bullying. When Mason settled down at his next class, Jacob walked right in, and began bullying him again. Mason couldn't believe he had another class with Jacob.

	Mason had no other classes with Jacob, but the bullying did not stop. At lunch Jacob would steal Mason's food, pour milk all over it, or push it onto the floor. It was shocking how no one stopped Jacob, not even a school administrator stopped him. It was like a huge conspiracy against Mason.

	Jacob continuously bullied Mason for the rest of the semester. Other kids started bullying Mason too, and even the teachers were treating him like garbage. During one test, Mason couldn't concentrate with Jacob poking him constantly, so he ended up failing the test. Not only was Mason being bullied by kids at school, his dad started beating him for his bad grades. Coming home in a drunk stupor whipping Mason with his belt.

	Mason started showing up at school with black eyes, scars, and scabs all over him. Still, no one helped him. Mason was at his breaking point, then a rumor started spreading around the school like a plague. People really started to believe the rumors were true, that Mason was gay. This brought even more hate to him.

	A few weeks later, suicide started becoming a more viable option to Mason. Since there was nothing left to lose, Mason decided to tell Hannah he had a crush on her. He walked down the hallway, ignoring all the stares and whispers, seeing Hannah's back to him made him walk a little faster. As he was walking, Mason started to admire Hannah's golden blonde hair, and sapphire blue eyes, playing out a little love story in his head.

	He finally was within arms reach of Hannah, and as Mason reached out his arm to tap Hannah's shoulder, Jacob pulled him away. Jacob pulled Mason to the side, attracting all the attention in the hall making everyone go quiet. Seconds felt like hours, then Jacob spoke, "What are you doing to my girlfriend, faggot?" Mason started sweating, "Girlfriend?" he asked. Jacob replied saying, "Yeah, my girlfriend not yours homo." Mason glanced to his left, looking at Hannah.

	Mason could feel all the blood rush to his face, and started licking the sweat around his lips. Then he looked back at Jacob, right as Jacob brought a fist to his face. Dropping to the floor cringing, Mason looked up just to see a foot come flying at him, hitting him in the neck. Mason started laying in a fetal position, trying to protect himself from Jacob's stomping. Then Mason could feel more feet stomping on him. Other kids were participating in hurting him.

	Mason started crying. He felt the tears go down his face, all dripping onto the floor. As he felt more feet hitting him, he started wailing in agony. Kids with all different kinds of shoes like sneakers, tennis shoes, converse, and even cleats. Every part of his body was being bruised simultaneously, taking a kick to the crotch every once and awhile.

	Eventually he could feel less feet stomping and kicking him, until there were only two feet kicking him. He rolled over to see who the assailants were. It was Jacob, unsurprisingly, and Hannah. Seeing Hannah kicking him broke Mason, she wasn't the angel Mason thought she was.

	A few minutes later and the evil lovebirds were gone, leaving Mason to sulk in a puddle of his own blood and tears. Closing his eyes, Mason remembered his mom, how good things were before she died. Expecting not to open his eyes again, Mason took one last breath and screamed. The loud scream had converted into silence as soon as it was made. Laying in the hallways peacefully, Mason's corpse was stepped on one last time by his father, calling Mason a no good brat.

title: The Bullying (Just a junior high student looking for feedback)

question: Who is the main character?

answer: The main character of this story is Mason, who is being bullied by Jacob and Hannah.

answer: Mason

answer: Mason

answer: Mason

question: Why does no one help Mason?

answer: Mason is bullied because he is overweight, has acne, and is gay.

text: The passage states that Mason is not gay. Instead, someone started a rumor that he is.

refinement: Mason is bullied because he is overweight, has acne, and is generally an easy target.

answer: It is implied that the teachers are in on the bullying.

text: While the passage does imply that the teachers are in on the bullying, this fact alone does not answer the question.

refinement: It is implied that the teachers are in on the bullying, but also Mason is an easy target for bullying.

answer: Mason is being bullied because he is an easy target. No one steps in to help him because they either don't care or they are afraid of Jacob and Hannah. The teachers and other students see the bullying as normal behavior, and do not intervene.

answer: That information can't be found

text: The answer can be implied from context clues from the passage.

refinement: Mason is an easy target for bullying. No one steps in to help him because they either don't care or they are afraid of Jacob and Hannah.

question: Where is the story set?

answer: The story is set in a school.

answer: The story is set in a junior high school.

answer: The story is set in a junior high school.

answer: Mason's school

question: Who is Jacob's main bully?

answer: Jacob

text: Jacob is not the one being bullied, but he is in fact, the bully.

answer: Jacob's main bully is Mason. Jacob bullies Mason throughout the entire story, from the beginning to the end.

text: Jacob is not being bullied.

refinement: Jacob is not being bullied; he is the bully.

answer: Jacob's main bully is Mason.

text: Jacob is not being bullied.

refinement: Jacob is not being bullied; he is the bully.

answer: Jacob's main bully is Mason.

text: Jacob is not being bullied.

refinement: Jacob is not being bullied; he is the bully.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Mason is bullied relentlessly by his classmates, including his supposed friend Jacob, and even his girlfriend Hannah. He eventually decides to take his own life, but is brutally beaten to death before he can do so.

answer: Mason is a junior high student who is bullied by Jacob. He is called names, shoved, and has his school supplies stolen. The teacher does nothing about it. Mason is also bullied by his father, who beats him for his bad grades.

answer: Mason starts the eighth grade but is relentlessly bullied by a classmate named Jacob. Mason's dad starts beating him, and Mason decides to kill himself. He tells Hannah he has a crush on her, and Jacob, Hannah, and their other classmates kick Mason to death. After he dies, his dad kicks his body once more.

answer: Mason is a junior high student who is bullied by his peers and teachers. He is constantly harassed and tormented by his peers, and his father beats him for his bad grades. Mason is at his breaking point, and starts to consider suicide. He tells Hannah he has a crush on her, and she rejects him. Mason is then beaten to death by his father.


text:
Last Stop

Sweat begins to drip down Reznov’s face as the countryside of his homeland rushes by his window. He knows what’s coming up and it’s a necessity that he maintains his composure yet his heart starts to palpitate and palms become clammy as the border crossing gets closer and closer. He’s confused and taken back by his anxious state. He’s forgotten the first rule in his line of work; maintain a calm state of mind and under no circumstances …break… character. This directly leads into rule number two; don’t, get, caught. Then again this time it isn’t really work. He’s not pretending anymore, not adopting a new character when he arrives at his destination nor are there any contacts to help…this time it’s just him. This time it’s personal. No more fake IDs and passports and most importantly no more help from Shinra Headquarters.

Shinra Headquarters. He shudders at the thought of his old place of work. What he believed in, what he worked for, what he fought for, what he lived for, and yet, the whole reason why he’s fleeing. He thinks back on what caused him to turn his back on his homeland, never to return, to effectively run from his country and kin and seek refuge in ‘enemy’ territory. All of his life he thought he was fighting for the right reasons. He’s seen so much now that he doesn’t know what to think. Was everything he believed in and dedicated his life for a lie? All propaganda from a totalitarian and fascist government that he himself worked for and gathered intel for and worst still…believed in. It’s like his whole world has been tipped upside down since he broke free from that world of despair and oppressive tyranny. He still can’t believe that he couldn’t see what kind of world he was living in worse yet working for. Not until now.  Peace sells…but who’s buying? They tried to control everything, control people to the point of oppression, control food, control luxury items, control thought, control free speech. Control freedom. It’s like the harder you squeeze your fist the more easily people will see cracks between your fingers like he did. He finally realised that the people and government he was working for and had once believed in was incompatible with his morals.

As he thinks this he is disrupted by the chime of a the train announcement; “Last stop coming up; The International border crossing at Safia” .

His stomach drops and he feels as though he’s just gone over the crest of a steep rollercoaster experiencing negative gravity. He turns pale, shudders as if someone had poured ice cold water down his back. Then Reznov feels unbearably ill. He takes several deep breaths trying to keep calm and collected. He reflects on  past missions he has completed - hundreds of dangerous and risky operations, with many involving tricky border crossings, even been in life threatening situations several times and he’s done this all without batting an eyelid. Yet now that has been backed into fleeing and he is a mess. He’s meant to be a professional yet right now he’s acting like an amateur, with nerves worse than the first day on the job. Not calm or confident in his expert ability. He’s mouth feels full of cotton wool and his throat dry.

Suddenly he hears foot steps behind him. This is it he thinks. It’s over. Well I’m not going out without a fight he mutters as he mentally prepares himself. The footsteps get closer. His fight or flight response kicks in and there’s an adrenalin surge throughout his body. He has the look of a prepared killer in is mako green eyes and he is ready. He feels a hand on his shoulder.

“Excuse me, sir...”

He grabs the hand and pins the person against the wall of the train violently. To his horror he sees a petrified young female train attendant. What has he done how could he do this he thinks.

“S..sorry” Reznov stutters then he runs to the restroom.

He slams closed the door, puts his hands against the sink and looks at himself in the mirror dripping in sweat still feeling unbearably ill.

He was ready to kill that poor young train attendant without so much as a second thought, thank god he didn’t he thinks. He splashes water on his face as deeply exhales; he doesn’t know what to do now. He’s questioning his ability, wondering if it’s worth it, wondering if he’ll even make it. He’s lost.

“This is your driver speaking, we are 5 minutes away from the international border crossing have your RFID chips and registration ready, thank you for traveling skyline railway have a safe trip”

He can’t do this he thinks. He looks in his front pocket at his last resort. The last line of defence for any Shinra covert agent. Cyanide. He takes out his forged registration and looks at where the RFID chip he made and programed was in his arm. In his right hand is his registration. In his left hand is a cyanide pill. Possible freedom. Or instant escape. He hears the train screech on the breaks as they arrive at their last stop. It’s time to decide…

title: Last Stop (Short story I wrote for school feedback is appreciated)

question: - What is "Shinra"?

answer: - It seems to be a special agency headquarters the protagonist has to infiltrate.

text: The protagonist is not trying to infiltrate Shinra

text: Provide a response

refinement: Some sort of secret organization the protagonist used to work for

answer: Shinra is the name of the government Reznov used to work for, which he has since turned his back on.

text: It's probably not the government itself, but an organization within it

refinement: Shinra is the name of the government organization Reznov used to work for, which he has since turned his back on.

answer: Shinra is a government agency.

text: Note that the protagonist used to work for it

refinement: Shinra is a government agency which the protagonist used to work for.

answer: Shinra is a fictional company in the video game series "Final Fantasy VII"

text: The response is not related

text: Provide a response

refinement: Some sort of secret organization the protagonist used to work for

question: - Is this a choose-your-own-adventure?

answer: - It seems to end on a cliffhanger.

text: While true, the response does not answer the question

text: Provide a response

answer: No.

answer: No

answer: No, this is a short story with a single outcome.

question: - What is the spy protagonist doing, and what did he fail at?

answer: He is trying to flee his country, and he failed to maintain his composure.

answer: - He seems to be followed by someone, and if his cover is blown, he will have failed.

text: The protagonist is not being followed

text: Provide a response

refinement: He is fleeing his country, but he has failed to maintain his composure

answer: The protagonist is on a train, and he is about to cross the border into enemy territory. He is about to flee his homeland, and he is feeling sick and panicked. He is also considering suicide.

text: The primary thing the protagonist is doing is fleeing his homeland

text: The protagonist has failed to maintain his composure

refinement: He is about to flee his homeland, but he has failed to maintain his composure

answer: The protagonist is trying to cross the border into enemy territory, but he is overcome with fear and anxiety and is considering taking his own life rather than risk capture.

text: The thing that the protagonist has failed to do is maintain his composure

refinement: The protagonist is trying to cross the border into enemy territory, but he fails to maintain his composure

question: - Why are the border crossings so tense?

answer: - The country is totalitarian and fascist.

answer: The border crossings are tense because the protagonist is fleeing his homeland and is worried about being caught.

text: While true, this does not answer why the border crossings in general are tense

text: Provide a response

answer: The border crossings are tense because the protagonist is fleeing his homeland, knowing that he could be caught and punished for his betrayal. He is also anxious because he is unsure of what will happen when he arrives at the border crossing.

text: While true, this does not answer why the border crossings in general are tense

text: Provide a response

answer: - There seems to have been some manner of civil unrest.

text: Nothing in the input indicates civil unrest

text: Provide a response

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Reznov is a Shinra covert agent who is fleeing his homeland. He is on a train to the border crossing at Safia. He is considering taking a cyanide pill to escape.

text: Explain that he is thinking of taking the cyanide pill to avoid capture

refinement: Reznov is a Shinra covert agent who is fleeing his homeland. He is on a train to the border crossing at Safia. He is considering taking a cyanide pill to avoid being captured.

answer: Reznov is on the run from his homeland, having turned his back on his old life and former employer, Shinra. He is conflicted and unsure of what to do as he nears the border crossing, contemplating whether to take his cyanide pill or risk crossing the border.

answer: Reznov is a former Shinra agent who has been on the run for years. He is about to cross the border into enemy territory, and he is not sure if he can do it. He is conflicted about his decision to leave his homeland and his family, and he is not sure if he can do it.

text: Nothing indicates he's been on the run "for years"

refinement: Reznov is a former Shinra agent who is on the run. He is about to cross the border into enemy territory, and he is not sure if he can do it. He is conflicted about his decision to leave his homeland and his family, and he is not sure if he can do it.

text: He's not so much conflicted about leaving his family as he's unsure whether he can make it through the border without being captured

refinement: Reznov is a former Shinra agent who is on the run. He is about to cross the border into enemy territory, and he is not sure if he can do it. He is unsure if he can make it through without being captured, and he thinks about taking a cyanide pill.

answer: Reznov is on a train, traversing the border between his homeland and a place that houses the Shinra Headquarters- where he's headed. He's especially nervous, and nearly attacks a harmless train attendant who checks on him in the restroom. As he approaches the order, the tension mounts, and he considers that he has cyanide-the last defense for any Shinra agent, should one be tailing him.

text: Reznov is fleeing the country, not going to Shinra Headquarters

refinement: Reznov is on a train, heading to the border crossing at Safia. He's especially nervous, and nearly attacks a harmless train attendant who checks on him in the restroom. As he approaches the order, the tension mounts, and he considers that he has cyanide-the last defense for any Shinra agent, should one be tailing him.

text: The attendant checks on him before he goes into the restroom

refinement: Reznov is on a train, heading to the border crossing at Safia. He's especially nervous, and nearly attacks a harmless train attendant who checks on him, and he goes into the restroom. As he approaches the order, the tension mounts, and he considers that he has cyanide-the last defense for any Shinra agent, should one be tailing him.

text: He's approaching the border, not the "order"

refinement: Reznov is on a train, heading to the border crossing at Safia. He's especially nervous, and nearly attacks a harmless train attendant who checks on him, and he goes into the restroom. As he approaches the border, the tension mounts, and he considers that he has cyanide-the last defense for any Shinra agent, should one be tailing him.

text: He is not worried about an agent tailing him

refinement: Reznov is on a train, heading to the border crossing at Safia. He's especially nervous, and nearly attacks a harmless train attendant who checks on him, and he goes into the restroom. As he approaches the border, the tension mounts, and he considers that he has cyanide-the last defense for any Shinra agent.


text:
GEORGE FREDERICK CHARLES, MARGRAVE OF BRANDENBURG-BAYREUTH (19 June 1688 at Obersulzbürg Castle, near Mühlhausen – 17 May 1735 in Bayreuth), was a German prince, member of the House of Hohenzollern, nominal Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach (1708–35) and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1726–35).

Family

He was the eldest of the fourteen children born to Margrave Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach by his wife, Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein. Besides him, only six of his siblings survived childhood: Albrecht Wolfgang, killed in battle in 1734; Dorothea Charlotte, Countess of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, who died in 1712 after only seven months of marriage; Sophie Magdalene, Queen of Denmark; Frederick Ernst; Sophie Caroline, Princess of Ostfriesland; and Frederick Christian, who later inherited the margraviate of Bayreuth.

Life

During his early years, George Frederick Charles was instructed by his very religious mother, and later received a careful formal education in Bielefeld. From 1700 to 1704 he travelled to western Europe as part of a traditional educational journey (Grand Tour), and visited, among other countries, Denmark, France and the Dutch Republic. Later, he studied four years at the University of Utrecht. After the death of his father in 1708 he returned with his family, who had lived since 1704 in the Schloss Weferlingen near Magdeburg, and assumed the nominal title of _Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach_.

Schloss Weferlingen had been assigned to his family as an appanage by King Frederick I of Prussia, after George Frederick Charles's heavily indebted father had renounced his succession rights to the Franconian Hohenzollern estates of Bayreuth and Ansbach in favour of Prussia in the Contract of Schönberg. George Frederick Charles nonetheless tried to recover his rights after the death of his father and sought the abolition of this contract. He was able to secure the support of the Franconian states, who feared being merged into the Franconian Circle by Prussia. George Frederick Charles could also rely on the decisive assistance of the Archbishop of Mainz and Prince-Bishop of Bamberger Lothar Franz von Schönborn and his nephew, the Imperial Vice-Chancellor (German: _Reichsvizekanzler_) Frederick Karl von Schönborn, who supported the abolition of the Contract of Schönberg. His efforts finally succeeded only in 1722 after long and difficult discussions and the payment of a substantial indemnity to Prussia.

When the Margrave Georg Wilhelm died in 1726 without surviving male issue, George Frederick Charles assumed the principality of Bayreuth without further difficulties.

After his accession, George Frederick Charles put great value on the improvement of the ruined finances of his territories and made local government his highest priority. In contrast to many of his contemporary rulers, he had no political or military ambitions. Instead he was very pious and intensely supported August Hermann Francke in inculcating the importance of religious life for his subjects. He was remarkable for his support of orphanages.

He was uninterested in court life, and in his last years built up Schloss Himmelkron, a former monastery, probably with plans to retire there.

In the memoirs of his daughter-in-law Wilhelmine of Prussia, George Frederick Charles is described as a thin, bandy-legged, egotistical, wrong-headed, jealous person. The antipathy was mutual. The margrave harassed his daughter-in-law in much the same way that her parents had done. When Wilhelmine gave birth to a daughter, it destroyed George Frederick Karl's hopes to take charge of his grandchild's upbringing, since he was allowed to supervise the education of his son Frederick's child only if it were a boy, according to the marriage contract signed with Wilhelmine. Frederick supported his wife and the drunk margrave hit him with his stick without injuring him.

Marriage and issue

In Reinfeld on 17 April 1709 George Frederick Charles married Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. They had five children:

1.  Sophie Christiane Luise (b. Weferlingen, 4 January 1710 – d. Brussels, 13 June 1739), married on 11 April 1731 to Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis.
2.  Frederick (b. Weferlingen, 10 May 1711 – d. Bayreuth, 26 February 1763), successor of his father as Margrave of Bayreuth.
3.  Wilhelm Ernst (b. Weferlingen, 26 July 1712 – d. Mantua, 7 November 1733).
4.  Sophie Charlotte Albertine (b. Weferlingen, 27 July 1713 – d. Ilmenau, 2 March 1747), married on 7 April 1734 to Duke Ernst August I of Saxe-Weimar.
5.  Sophie Wilhelmine (b. Weferlingen, 8 July 1714 – d. Aurich, 7 September 1749), married on 25 May 1734 to Prince Charles Edzard of East Frisia.

After seven years of unhappy marriage, George Frederick Charles and Dorothea separated in 1716. Eight years later (1724), their marriage was formally dissolved. Dorothea later emigrated to Sweden, where she died in 1761, twenty years after her former husband. Neither of them remarried.

Ancestry

title: George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to the deaths of Charles's family members.

answer: George Frederick Charles's surviving siblings include only six of his fourteen children who died in childhood: Albrecht Wolfgang, killed in battle in 1734; Dorothea Charlotte, who died in 1712 after only seven months of marriage; Sophie Magdalene, Queen of Denmark; Frederick Ernst; Sophie Caroline, Princess of Ostfriesland; and Frederick Christian, who later inherited the margraviate of Bayreuth.

text: They are not his children

refinement: George Frederick Charles's surviving siblings include only six of fourteen children who died in childhood: Albrecht Wolfgang, killed in battle in 1734; Dorothea Charlotte, who died in 1712 after only seven months of marriage; Sophie Magdalene, Queen of Denmark; Frederick Ernst; Sophie Caroline, Princess of Ostfriesland; and Frederick Christian, who later inherited the margraviate of Bayreuth.

answer: His mother was a very religious woman. He had several siblings, six of which survived childhood (the eldest Albrecht Wolfgang was killed in battle in 1734). His mother died seven months after marriage. Frederick Ernst, his brother, died when he was twelve. Sophie Caroline, his sister, died when she was fourteen. He outlived all his sons.

answer: George Frederick Charles's father died in 1708, his sister Albrecht Wolfgang died in 1734, his sister Dorothea Charlotte died in 1712, his sister Sophie Caroline died in 1799, his sister Sophie Magdalene died in 1775, and his son Frederick died in 1763.

answer: Only six of his siblings survived childhood. Of those who survived, Albrecht was killed in battle in 1734 and Dorothea died in 1712. His father died in 1708. After the death of his heavily indebted father, Charles tried to recover his rights and sought the abolition of his contract. Dorothea, his ex-wife, died in 1761, twenty years after her former husband.

answer: George's mother was a very religious woman and taught him ethics. She was also the one who instructed him about new developments in their proximity and the rest of the outside world. George's father's death would complicate things a little. George was an entitlement and was gracious to his family. Despite that, he had no political or military ambitions, he made local government his priority. His last years were filled with building up Schloss Himmelkron, a former monastery. He married Dorothea in 1709 and they were separated in 7 years later. They were formally divorced 8 years after that. He was survived his former wife, who emigrated to Sweden.

text: This does not have to do with the death of his siblings

refinement: George Frederick Charles's father died in 1708, his sister Albrecht Wolfgang died in 1734, his sister Dorothea Charlotte died in 1712, his sister Sophie Caroline died in 1799, his sister Sophie Magdalene died in 1775, and his son Frederick died in 1763.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the type of person George Frederick Charles was?

answer: The article describes George Frederick Charles as an egotistical and wrong-headed person.

text: Should add textual qualification. The article does not state this. Charles' daughter-in-laws memoirs state this

refinement: In his daughter-in-law's memoirs, George Frederick Charles is described as an egotistical and wrong-headed person.

answer: In his daughter-in-law's memoirs, George Frederick Charles was described as a thin, bandy-legged, egotistical, wrong-headed, and jealous person. However, in other contemporaries' memoirs, George Frederick Charles was described as an honest, humble, modest man. Despite their divorce, George Frederick Charles bore no ill-will to his ex-wife.

answer: The article describes George Frederick Charles as egotistical and wrong-headed.

text: It was his daughter in law not the text itself

refinement: His daughter-in-law's memoirs describe George Frederick Charles as egotistical and wrong-headed.

answer: George Frederick Charles was a genuinely humble and pious person who worked towards improving his territories and did not have political or military ambitions. He wanted people to encourage religious practices. He was pry pious and supported orphanages. He lacked interest in courtly life and in his last years built up Schloss Himmelkron, a former monastery where he could retire.

answer: He had no political or military ambitions, and was instead very pious. He also supported orphanages. His daughter-in-law described him as a thin, bandy-legged, egotistical, wrong-headed, jealous person. He harrassed his daughter-in-law in the same way her parents had done. He had an unhappy marriage with his wife, Dorothea.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Charles's life during the first decade of the 1700s?

answer: Charles traveled to western Europe during the first decade of the 1700s along a traditional educational journey. He lived in Denmark, France, and the Dutch Republic. He also studied four years at the University of Utrecht.

answer: No answer

answer: From 1700 to 1704 he travelled to western Europe as part of a traditional educational journey. His father died in 1708 and he returned with his family, who had lived in the Schloss Weferlingen since 1704, and assumed the nominal title of Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach. He married Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck in 1709.

answer: During his early years, George Frederick Charles undertook a traditional educational journey to western Europe and studied at the University of Utrecht, after the death of his father in 1708. He was noted for his piety, his support of orphanages, and his strong opposition to the contract of Schönberg. He also unsuccessfully sought the abolition of this contract. He married Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck in 1709, but the marriage was finally dissolved eight years later.

answer: During his early years, George Frederick Charles was instructed by his mother and later received a careful, formal education in Bielefeld. From 1700 to 1704, he travelled to western Europe as part of a traditional educational journey (Grand Tour). Later, he studied four years at the University of Utrecht. After the death of his father in 1708, he assumed the nominal title of Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach and pursued improving the financial situation of his territories and supporting religious life. He was described as egotistical and wrong-headed. He had an unhappy marriage which was eventually dissolved.


text:
That isn’t quite how the New York Times puts it, of course. In fact, the words “socialist” and “socialism” never appear in its otherwise unsparing account. But Venezuela under Chavez and Maduro illustrates the inevitable arc of socialism, from parasitism to gangster rule.

  The uniformed men who shot Mr. Moreno were not government security forces, witnesses say. Rather, they were members of armed bands who have become key enforcers for President Nicolás Maduro as he attempts to crush a growing protest movement against his rule.

  The groups, called collectives or colectivos in Spanish, originated as pro-government community organizations….

Led by community organizers, presumably.

  … that have long been a part of the landscape of leftist Venezuelan politics. Civilians with police training, colectivo members are armed by the government, say experts who have studied them.

With Venezuelans starving and dying for lack of basic medicines, only armed gangs can keep the socialist government in power. Of course, the colectivos don’t subscribe to the supposedly high ideals of socialism:

  Colectivos control vast territory across Venezuela, financed in some cases by extortion, black-market food and parts of the drug trade as the government turns a blind eye in exchange for loyalty.

Of course, Chavez and Maduro were nothing but thieves, either.

  Now they appear to be playing a key role in repressing dissent.
  ***
  As rising foreign debt and falling world oil prices have depleted the Venezuelan government’s coffers, it has increasingly turned to colectivos as enforcers. From labor disputes with unions to student demonstrations on university campuses, colectivos are appearing almost anywhere the government sees citizens getting out of line, Venezuelans say.

  Eladio Mata, a hospital union leader, says he was shot last year by colectivo members when negotiations deadlocked with the University Hospital of Caracas.
  ***
  “In this country, it’s prohibited to dissent,” Mr. Mata said.

Of course it is! That is what happens when you elect socialists. Just ask the students at Middlebury, Berkeley, Claremont, etc. They can’t wait until they take power and steal enough money to hire colectivos of their own. That is what socialism–all power to government, none to the individual–comes down to.

  Mr. Rojas, who works with opposition politicians, said he had become used to the attacks, which have long been a fixture of his activism.

  “They attack your neighbors when they are in food lines and are identified as opposition members, they attack store owners by making them pay extortions, they attack bakers by taking away part of their production which they later sell on the black market,” he said. “They are not true collectives, or political actors — they are criminals.”

Just like Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro, and socialists the world over.

question: How does the author view socialism?

answer: They have a negative view of socialism.

text: 'socialism–all power to government, none to the individual' supports the answer.

answer: The author views socialism as a system that inevitably leads to gangster rule.

text: 'socialism–all power to government, none to the individual' supports the answer.

answer: The author views socialism as a system that inevitably leads to gangster rule and oppression of the individual.

text: 'socialism–all power to government, none to the individual' is evidence that the author views socialism as a system that inevitably leads to gangster rule.

text: 'socialism–all power to government, none to the individual' is evidence that the author views socialism as a system that inevitably leads to oppression of the individual.

answer: The author views socialism as a system that leads to gangster rule.

text: 'the inevitable arc of socialism, from parasitism to gangster rule' supports the answer.

question: What did colectivos originate as?

answer: According to the passage, colectivos originated as pro-government community organizations. However, they have since become enforcers for the socialist government, engaging in extortion, violence, and other criminal activities.

text: '“They attack your neighbors when they are in food lines and are identified as opposition members, they attack store owners by making them pay extortions, they attack bakers by taking away part of their production which they later sell on the black market,” he said. “They are not true collectives, or political actors — they are criminals.”' is evidence that they have since become enforcers for the socialist government, engaging in extortion, violence, and other criminal activities.

answer: They originated as pro-government community organizations.

answer: Colectivos originated as pro-government community organizations.

answer: Pro-government community organizations.

question: What country can colectivos be found in?

answer: Venezuela.

text: 'that have long been a part of the landscape of leftist Venezuelan politics.' supports the answer.

answer: Venezuela.

text: 'that have long been a part of the landscape of leftist Venezuelan politics.' supports the answer.

answer: Venezuela

text: 'that have long been a part of the landscape of leftist Venezuelan politics.' supports the answer.

answer: Venezuela.

text: 'that have long been a part of the landscape of leftist Venezuelan politics.' supports the answer.

question: Which schools does the author believe will hire colectivos?

answer: Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

text: It is implied, not stated.

refinement: Presumably Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

text: 'That is what happens when you elect socialists. Just ask the students at Middlebury, Berkeley, Claremont, etc.' implies the answer.

answer: The author does not mention any schools.

text: The answer is implied.

refinement: Presumably Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

answer: Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

text: It is implied, not stated.

refinement: Presumably Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

text: 'That is what happens when you elect socialists. Just ask the students at Middlebury, Berkeley, Claremont, etc.' implies the answer.

answer: The author believes that universities that lean towards socialism will hire colectivos in the future.

text: It could be more specific.

refinement: Presumably Middlebury, Berkeley, and Claremont.

question: How does the author feel about Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro?

answer: They think that they are criminals.

text: 'They are not true collectives, or political actors — they are criminals.” Just like Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro, and socialists the world over.' supports the answer.

answer: The author clearly views Chavez and Maduro as thieves and criminals, who have turned to violence and repression in order to stay in power.

text: 'They are not true collectives, or political actors — they are criminals.” Just like Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro, and socialists the world over.' is evidence that the author clearly views Chavez and Maduro as thieves and criminals.

text: 'Now they appear to be playing a key role in repressing dissent' is evidence that they have turned to violence and repression in order to stay in power.

text: 'Of course, Chavez and Maduro were nothing but thieves, either.' is evidence that the author clearly views Chavez and Maduro as thieves.

answer: The author does not feel positively about Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro.

text: 'They are not true collectives, or political actors — they are criminals.” Just like Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro, and socialists the world over.' supports the answer.

text: 'Chavez and Maduro were nothing but thieves' supports the answer.

answer: They feel that they are thieves.

text: 'Chavez and Maduro were nothing but thieves' supports the answer.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The author describes what they call "gangster rule" in the socialist nation of Venezuela. Groups known as colectivos, which originated as pro-government community organizations, have been inciting violence according to the author. These groups are funded by the government and play a role in repressing dissent. The author emphasizes that socialism is corrupt.

text: 'But Venezuela under Chavez and Maduro illustrates the inevitable arc of socialism, from parasitism to gangster rule.' is evidence that the author describes what they call "gangster rule" in the socialist nation of Venezuela.

text: 'Colectivos control vast territory across Venezuela, financed in some cases by extortion, black-market food and parts of the drug trade as the government turns a blind eye in exchange for loyalty.' is evidence that he author emphasizes that socialism is corrupt and that colectivos have been inciting violence.

text: 'Now they appear to be playing a key role in repressing dissent.' is evidence that play a role in repressing dissent.

answer: Venezuela under socialist leaders Hugo Chavez and Nicolás Maduro has descended into gangster rule, with armed gangs enforcing the government's will and attacking dissenters. The socialist system has failed, with the country now starving and lacking basic medicines, and the only ones benefiting are the gangs who enforce the government's will.

text: 'But Venezuela under Chavez and Maduro illustrates the inevitable arc of socialism, from parasitism to gangster rule.' is evidence that the author describes what they call "gangster rule" in the socialist nation of Venezuela.

text: 'Now they appear to be playing a key role in repressing dissent.' and 'colectivos are appearing almost anywhere the government sees citizens getting out of line' is evidence that armed gangs enforcing the government's will and attacking dissenters.

text: 'Venezuelans starving and dying for lack of basic medicines, only armed gangs can keep the socialist government in power.' is evdence that the socialist system has failed, with the country now starving and lacking basic medicines

answer: The article discusses the role of colectivos in Venezuela, which are armed gangs that have become key enforcers for President Nicolás Maduro as he attempts to crush a growing protest movement against his rule. The article also discusses how colectivos control vast territory across Venezuela, financed in some cases by extortion, black-market food and parts of the drug trade as the government turns a blind eye in exchange for loyalty.

answer: The article discusses the rise of socialism in Venezuela and the inevitable fall of the country. The author claims that the rise of socialism in Venezuela is due to the country's oil reserves. The author also claims that the rise of socialism in Venezuela is due to the country's debt. The author claims that the rise of socialism in Venezuela is due to the country's falling oil prices.

text: Completely incorrect.

refinement: The article discusses the role of colectivos in Venezuela, which are armed gangs that have become key enforcers for President Nicolás Maduro as he attempts to crush a growing protest movement against his rule. The article also discusses how colectivos control vast territory across Venezuela, financed in some cases by extortion, black-market food and parts of the drug trade as the government turns a blind eye in exchange for loyalty.


text:
[Depiction of ISS-RapidScat's location on ISS and its operation] [ISS-RapidScat data from October 2014] [ISS-RapidScat returned data on weather like Typhoon Vongfong, pictured here as seen from ISS in 2014]

ISS-RAPIDSCAT was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station{{'s}} _Columbus_ module that measured wind speeds.[1] It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.[2] ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.[3] It featured a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band).[4] It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude, with a swath .[5]

The ISS-RapidScat program was initiated in response to the failure of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism in November 2009. While the spacecraft continued to function, it could only gather data in one direction, significantly limiting its data collection ability. ISS-RapidScat was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from elements of QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model, originally used to validate that instrument's flight hardware prior to its launch in 1999.[6] It was constructed in 18 months; re-using the QuikScat hardware had the double benefit of reducing cost and using already flight-proven hardware that functioned well in orbit.[7]

ISS-RapidScat was very similar to QuikSCAT in functionality. However, the instrument suffered due to peculiarities of the International Space Station, such as the station's varying altitude due to increased drag, its variable orientation due to the demands of visiting spacecraft, and its lack of a Sun-synchronous orbit.[8] By the time of ISS-RapidScat's launch, the European Space Agency{{'s}} MetOp series were the only two satellites with fully functioning scatterometers in orbit.[9] Some of these peculiarities were also advantages. Its mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, whereas the Sun-synchronous orbits used by other scatterometer-equipped spacecraft would re-visit the same location on Earth at the same time daily. This allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day.[10] This orbit also gives better coverage of the tropics, and by crossing the orbit of other satellites, it was able to observe the same area at the same time as them, allowing for cross-calibration between the different data sets.[11]

Objectives of the ISS-RapidScat program were to mitigate the loss of and provide continuity of wind data products from the QuikSCAT SeaWinds instrument, to serve as a calibration standard for the international constellation of scatterometer-equipped satellites, and to sample the diurnal and semi-diurnal wind variations that occur between ISS flight latitudes at least every two months.[12][13]

The scatterometer was launched as external cargo aboard the SpaceX CRS-4 mission on 21 September 2014, attached to the unpressurized section of the Dragon capsule.[14] Dragon was berthed to the station on 23 September.[15] The instrument was removed from Dragon, robotically assembled and attached to _Columbus_ between 29 and 30 September. It was powered up on 1 October and immediately began gathering data, which was first processed into an uncalibrated product on 3 October.[16] ISS-RapidScat was declared fully operational and its data products properly calibrated on 10 November.[17]

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was of Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on 3 October 2014.[18] It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record, with maximum sustained winds of .[19][20] Data from ISS-RapidScat was disseminated worldwide for use in weather forecasting, and was used by the United States Navy, NOAA, and EUMETSAT, among others.[21]

On 19 August 2016, the _Columbus_ module, which ISS-RapidScat was attached to and reliant on for resources, suffered a power distribution unit failure, which resulted in ISS-RapidScat shutting down. This was followed by an electrical overload in the power distribution unit during recovery efforts. Attempts to restore the instrument were without success, and NASA formally terminated operations on 28 November 2016.[22][23] No replacement or successor device was planned.[24]

ISS-RapidScat was removed from the _Columbus_ module on 1 January 2018 and stowed inside the SpaceX CRS-13 Dragon trunk.[25] On 13 January 2018, the trunk section and ISS-RapidScat re-entered Earth's atmosphere and were destroyed as planned, while the Dragon capsule and its cargo landed in the Pacific Ocean and were recovered.[26]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first1=Alan |last1=Buis |first2=Whitney B. |last2=Clavin |first3=Stephen E. |last3=Cole |date=6 October 2014 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first=Alan |last=Buis |date=9 September 2016 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[23] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first=Carol |last=Rasmussen |date=28 November 2016 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[24]

[25]

[26]

title: ISS-RapidScat

question: What was the ISS-RapidScat?

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the _Columbus_ module of the ISS designed to measure wind speed.

text: A bit more information would be an improvement

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the International Space Station the _Columbus_ module of the ISS designed to measure wind speed.

answer: An instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer to measure wind speeds that operated from September 2014 to 2016.

text: Missing critical information

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer mounted on the International Space Station to measure wind speeds that operated from September 2014 to 2016.

question: How did it work?

answer: ISS-RapidScat was essentially a scatterometer that bounced microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speeds. It operated on the International Space Station and was used to help weather forecasting and cross-calibration of data from other scatterometer-equipped satellites. When it eventually stopped working, it was dismantled and stored inside the SpaceX CRS-13 Dragon trunk before entering Earth's atmosphere and destructively burning up on re-entry.

text: Contains unnecessary information unrelated to the question

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was essentially a scatterometer that bounced microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speeds. It operated on the International Space Station and was used to help weather forecasting and cross-calibration of data from other scatterometer-equipped satellites.

answer: By bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.

text: Does not adequately answer the question

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was essentially a scatterometer that bounced microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speeds. It operated on the International Space Station and was used to help weather forecasting and cross-calibration of data from other scatterometer-equipped satellites.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat operated by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface in order to measure the wind speed. It collected data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude using a rotating radar dish. The scatterometer was launched and operated until it stopped working in 2016, when the _Columbus_ module it was attached to had a power distribution unit failure and electrical overload.

text: Contains information unrelated to the question

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat operated by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface in order to measure the wind speed. It collected data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude using a rotating radar dish.

question: What was it's unique benefit?

answer: It allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day; it gave better coverage of the tropics; and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets.

text: Why did they need this information?

refinement: It allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day; it gave better coverage of the tropics; and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. It allowed for more accurate weather forecasting.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat's mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day. This allowed scientists to study how the wind changes over a day. This data was used in weather forecasting.

text: The answer doesn't cover all the benefits

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat's mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, it gave better coverage of the tropics; and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. This allowed scientists to study how the wind changes over a day. This data was used in weather forecasting.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat instrument had a useful mid-latitude orbit that allowed it to study diurnal and semi-diurnal changes in wind patterns in different locations.

text: The answer doesn't cover all the benefits.

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat instrument had a useful mid-latitude orbit that allowed it to study diurnal and semi-diurnal changes in wind patterns in different locations. It gave better coverage of the tropics; and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. This helped to improve weather forecasting.

question: How was it used?

answer: ISS RapidScat is an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measures wind speeds

text: It is no longer in operation

refinement: ISS RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measures wind speeds

text: Insufficient information

refinement: ISS RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the International Space Station that measures wind speeds. It was used to improve weather forecasts

answer: It observed Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of Baja California and Hurricane Patricia. Its data was used by the Navy, NOAA, and EMETSAT, among others.

text: This doesn't answer the question

refinement: ISS RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the International Space Station that measures wind speeds. It was used to improve weather forecasts

answer: ISS-RapidScat was located on the ISS and served to measure wind speed, aiding in weather forecasting.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer:
The ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the International Space Station [Columbus] module, and was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The Scatterometer was built from QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model. It had a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band) and could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude.

A rationale was that it was more efficient to support a replacement or successor of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism because its rotation system had failed.

The scatterometer replenished in-orbit wind data products and was also used as a calibration standard for the global constellation of scatterometer-equipped satellites. While the initiative fared well in the initial stages, it suffered due to the peculiarities of the International Space Station, such as varying its altitude due to increased drag, and variable orientation due to the demands of spacecraft.

The project came to an end in 2016, when the module that the scatterometer was mounted to failed, leaving it with no power source.

text: Too long

refinement:
The ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted on the International Space Station [Columbus] module, and was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The Scatterometer was built from QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model. It had a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band) and could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude.

The project came to an end in 2016, when the module that the scatterometer was mounted to failed.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speed. It did this by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface. It allowed scientists to study how the wind changed at one location over the course of day thanks to its unique orbital characteristics. It also gave better coverage of the tropics, and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. It was used to observe both Tropical Storm Simon and Hurricane Patricia. Its data was used by the Navy, NOAA, and EMETSAT.

text: Dates in operation?

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speed. It was installed in 2014 and worked until 2016 when the power circuit on the ISS failed. It did this by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface. It allowed scientists to study how the wind changed at one location over the course of day thanks to its unique orbital characteristics. It also gave better coverage of the tropics, and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. It was used to observe both Tropical Storm Simon and Hurricane Patricia. Its data was used by the Navy, NOAA, and EMETSAT.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds. It was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and took only 18 months to complete. It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude. It was launched just before the 2010 QikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism would fail. It provided data for weather forecasting, greatly improving the coverage of different data sets on weather systems. ISS-Rapid Scat was removed from the ISS in 2018.

text: Incorrect information - it was removed from operation in 2016 not 2018

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds. It was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and took only 18 months to complete. It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude. It was launched just before the 2010 QikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism would fail. It provided data for weather forecasting, greatly improving the coverage of different data sets on weather systems. ISS-Rapid Scat was removed from the ISS in 2016.

text: Why was it taken out of operation?

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds. It was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and took only 18 months to complete. It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude. It was launched just before the 2010 QikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism would fail. It provided data for weather forecasting, greatly improving the coverage of different data sets on weather systems. ISS-Rapid Scat was removed from the ISS in 2016 when the power circuits on the ISS failed.

answer:
ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station attached to Columbus module that measured wind speeds, it was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.

It was first observed on 3 October 2014 and played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record.

The instrument stopped powering after the Columbus module experienced a power distribution unit failure which led to an electrical overload. The ISS-RapidScat program was fully operational for practical purposes.

text: confusing phrasing

refinement:
ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station Columbus module. It measured wind speeds, and was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.

It was first observed on 3 October 2014 and played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record.

The instrument stopped powering after the Columbus module experienced a power distribution unit failure which led to an electrical overload. The ISS-RapidScat program was fully operational for practical purposes.

text: Mistaken wording. It wasn't first observed in October. It was powered in October

refinement:
ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station Columbus module. It measured wind speeds, and was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.

It was first powered on 3 October 2014 and played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record.

The instrument stopped powering after the Columbus module experienced a power distribution unit failure which led to an electrical overload. The ISS-RapidScat program was fully operational for practical purposes.

text: Irrelevant end comment

refinement:
ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station Columbus module. It measured wind speeds, and was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.

It was first powered on 3 October 2014 and played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record.

The instrument stopped powering after the Columbus module experienced a power distribution unit failure which led to an electrical overload.

answer:
ISS - RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. The purpose of ISS-RapidScat was to measure wind speeds. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016. It was similar to QuikSCAT in functionality.

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on October 3, 2014. It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015.

text: Why did it measure wind speeds?

refinement:
ISS - RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. The purpose of ISS-RapidScat was to measure wind speeds so that it could facilitate weather forecasting. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016. It was similar to QuikSCAT in functionality.

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on October 3, 2014. It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015.

text: Why did it go out of operation?

refinement:
ISS - RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. The purpose of ISS-RapidScat was to measure wind speeds so that it could facilitate weather forecasting. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016 when the power circuit on the ISS broke down. It was similar to QuikSCAT in functionality.

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on October 3, 2014. It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds. It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 along with payload co-ordinated. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The scatterometer utilised a rotating radar dish. The data from having a scatterometer in Art was used by the United States Navy, NOAA and EUMETSAT, among others.

text: Repetition

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 along with payload co-ordinated. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The scatterometer utilised a rotating radar dish. The data from having a scatterometer in Art was used by the United States Navy, NOAA and EUMETSAT, among others.

text: Unnecessary and uncorroborated evidence

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The scatterometer utilised a rotating radar dish. The data from having a scatterometer in Art was used by the United States Navy, NOAA and EUMETSAT, among others.

text: Add its lifespan

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station. It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014. ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. The scatterometer utilised a rotating radar dish. The data from having a scatterometer in Art was used by the United States Navy, NOAA and EUMETSAT, among others. It shut down in 2016 when the International Satellite Station suffered power distribution failure.


text:
Support

1.

    Pledge US$ 1 or more  About US$ 1

    Every dollar counts, receive project updates + a spot on our website with your name and location to forever be remembered. Thank you for backing Statc!

    Less

    Estimated delivery Jul 2012

2.

    Pledge US$ 25 or more  About US$ 25

    Get a very fashionable Statc logo t-shirt + project updates + a spot on our website as a backer. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Jul 2012

3.

    Pledge US$ 60 or more  About US$ 60

    Get the Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum tumble finish or anodized black. CNC'd from solid aluminium with a plastic foot to protect surfaces from being scratched. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

4.

    Pledge US$ 70 or more  About US$ 70

    Get the Kickstarter Special Edition Statc in anodized black with a bright green ball-head adjustment screw. These will only be available on Kickstarter! [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

5.

    Pledge US$ 115 or more  About US$ 115

    Deuces: Get two Statc's in natural aluminium or anodized black. Share with a friend, or keep one in your bag, purse, or car. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

6.

    Pledge US$ 175 or more  About US$ 175

    MultiPack: Get three Statc's in natural aluminium or anodized black. Share with a friend, or keep one in your bag, purse, or car. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

7.

    Pledge US$ 290 or more  About US$ 290

    FivePack: Get five Statc's in either natural aluminium finish, or anodized black. Great for multi-cam footage, or for sharing. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

8.  Reward no longer available

    Pledge US$ 50 or more  About US$ 50

    Early Bird: Get the Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum finish or anodized black. CNC'd from solid aluminium with a plastic foot to protect surfaces from being scratched. [US domestic shipping included. International add $15.

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

     Reward no longer available

9.  Reward no longer available

    Pledge US$ 450 or more  About US$ 450

    MVK: Get the original Statc prototype featured in the video + a Kickstarter special Edition Statc + an aluminium or anodized black Statc + a Statc t-shirt + a special blog post featuring you on thestatc.com. [All shipping included.]

    Less

    Estimated delivery Aug 2012

     Reward no longer available

Funding period

May 22, 2012 - Jun 21, 2012 (30 days)

question: What does US $25 get you?

answer: A Statc logo t-shirt, project updates, and a spot on their website as a backer.

text:
"Pledge US$ 25 or more About US$ 25

Get a very fashionable Statc logo t-shirt + project updates + a spot on our website as a backer."

answer: A t-shirt and the Kickstarter edition Statc micro pod in an anodized black with a green ball-head adjustment screw

text: The answer lists the $70 or more rewards, not $25.

refinement: A Statc logo t-shirt, project updates, and a spot on the website as a backer.

answer: US $25 gets you a t-shirt and a spot on their website.

text: The answer doesn't include project updates in the list.

refinement: US $25 gets you a t-shirt, project updates, and a spot on their website.

text: The answer should clarify that the t-shirt is a Statc logo t-shirt.

refinement: US $25 gets you a Statc logo t-shirt, project updates, and a spot on their website.

text:
"Pledge US$ 25 or more About US$ 25

Get a very fashionable Statc logo t-shirt + project updates + a spot on our website as a backer."

question: How much do two Statcs cost?

answer: US$115; Plus, US$15 for international shipping

text: The answer should clarify that international shipping means outside of the US.

refinement: US$115; Plus, US$15 for shipping outside the US.

answer: The two Statc bundle costs US $115.

text: The answer should include that shipping outside the US requires an extra $15.

refinement: The two Statc bundle costs $115 + $15 shipping outside the US.

answer: $100 without shipping

text: The cost of two Statcs is $115, plus $15 for shipping outside the US.

refinement: The cost of two Statcs is $115, plus $15 for shipping outside the US.

question: What does US $60 get you?

answer: The US $60 pledge level gets backers the Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum finish or anodized black.

text: The price level also includes shipping inside the US.

refinement: The US $60 pledge level gets backers the Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum finish or anodized black. The shipping fee inside the US is included in the cost.

answer: US $60 gets you a Statc micro pod.

text: The answer can clarify the details of the pod.

refinement: US $60 gets you a Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum tumble finish or anodized black.

text: The price includes the shipping cost inside the US.

refinement: US $60 gets you a Statc micro pod in a natural aluminum tumble finish or anodized black. Cost of shipping inside the US included.

answer: Those who pledge US$60 or more will receive a Statc micro pod in either an anodized black or natural aluminum finish. Shipping is included within the US.

question: Is the US $450 reward still available?

answer: No, the US $450 reward is not still available.

answer: No

answer: No, the $450 reward is no longer available.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Statc project offers backers a range of rewards starting from a dollar pledge, up to $450, in exchange for supporting the fundraising period. These rewards can include a Statc micro pod plus various packaging options, depending on the pledge amount. The fundraising period for Statc will last for 30 days.

text: The rewards are for a different number of units, not packaging options.

refinement: The Statc project offers backers a range of rewards starting from a dollar pledge, up to $450, in exchange for supporting the fundraising period. These rewards can include a number of Statc micro pods, depending on the pledge amount. The fundraising period for Statc will last for 30 days.

text: Comma misuse.

refinement: The Statc project offers backers a range of rewards starting from a dollar pledge up to $450 in exchange for supporting the fundraising period. These rewards can include a number of Statc micro pods, depending on the pledge amount. The fundraising period for Statc will last for 30 days.

text:
"Funding period

May 22, 2012 - Jun 21, 2012 (30 days)"

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 1" and "Pledge US$ 450"

answer: The Statc Kickstarter project runs for 30 days and offers various rewards ranging from one Statc pod in aluminum or anodized black for US$25 to 5 Statc pods in either finish for US$290.

text: The lowest pledge level is $1.

refinement: The Statc Kickstarter project runs for 30 days and offers various rewards ranging from one Statc pod in aluminum or anodized black for US$25 to 5 Statc pods in either finish for US$290. It's also possible to pledge a dollar for a spot on their website.

text:
"Funding period

May 22, 2012 - Jun 21, 2012 (30 days)"

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 450"

answer: Statc is currently crowd funding its project on Kickstarter; backers can pledge varying amounts to receive either a single Statc micro pod or multiple Statc units with different color/finish options. The project will run until June 21.

text: The lowest pledge level is $1.

refinement: Statc is currently crowd funding its project on Kickstarter; backers can pledge varying amounts to receive either a single Statc micro pod or multiple Statc units with different color/finish options. The project will run until June 21. It's also possible to pledge a dollar for a spot on their website.

text: The end date isn't useful for the summary. It should note the duration of crowdfunding instead.

refinement: Statc is currently crowd funding its project on Kickstarter; backers can pledge varying amounts to receive either a single Statc micro pod or multiple Statc units with different color/finish options. The crowdsourcing will run for 30 days. It's also possible to pledge a dollar for a spot on their website.

text: "Crowdfunding" is misspelled.

refinement: Statc is currently crowdfunding its project on Kickstarter; backers can pledge varying amounts to receive either a single Statc micro pod or multiple Statc units with different color/finish options. The crowdsourcing will run for 30 days. It's also possible to pledge a dollar for a spot on their website.

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 1" and "Pledge US$ 450"

answer: This project aims to raise money to continue developing and manufacturing a sleek and unique aluminum camera pod. Supporters can pledge different amounts depending on what options they would like, with delivery estimated to happen in August of this year.

text: The pledge amounts aren't for options. They are for different quantities of the Statc pod.

refinement: This project aims to raise money to continue developing and manufacturing a sleek and unique aluminum camera pod. Supporters can pledge different amounts depending on how many they would like, with delivery estimated to happen in August of this year.

text: The relative delivery date isn't useful in a summary. It should note the year.

refinement: This project aims to raise money to continue developing and manufacturing a sleek and unique aluminum camera pod. Supporters can pledge different amounts depending on how many they would like, with delivery estimated to happen in August of 2012.

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 1" and "Pledge US$ 450"

answer: The "Statc" campaign aims to raise funds to manufacture individually customizable spinning camera supports. Pledging anywhere from $1-$450 will earn backers rewards ranging from a single Statc micro pod to a five-pack. The funding period will last for 30 days.

text: The pods aren't mentioned to be individually customizable. They come in two different finishes.

refinement: The "Statc" campaign aims to raise funds to manufacture spinning camera supports with two different finishes. Pledging anywhere from $1-$450 will earn backers rewards ranging from a single Statc micro pod to a five-pack. The funding period will last for 30 days.

text: There's no information in the article that says the came is spinning.

refinement: The "Statc" campaign aims to raise funds to manufacture camera supports with two different finishes. Pledging anywhere from $1-$450 will earn backers rewards ranging from a single Statc micro pod to a five-pack. The funding period will last for 30 days.

text: The summary implies that you can get a pod for 1$, which is incorrect.

refinement: The "Statc" campaign aims to raise funds to manufacture camera supports with two different finishes. Pledging anywhere from $1-$450 will earn backers rewards ranging from a mention on their website to a Statc pod five-pack. The funding period will last for 30 days.

text:
"Funding period

May 22, 2012 - Jun 21, 2012 (30 days)"

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 1" and "Pledge US$ 450"

answer: Listed are the various rewards for the Statc Kickstarter. The rewards range from US $1 to US $450.

text: The answer can elucidate what the rewards are in the price range.

refinement: Listed are the various rewards for the Statc Kickstarter. The rewards range from US $1 for a mention on their website to US $450 for the Statc prototype and Kickstarter editions.

text: Monetary values aren't written grammatically correctly.

refinement: Listed are the various rewards for the Statc Kickstarter. The rewards range from USD 1 for a mention on their website to USD 450 for the Statc prototype and Kickstarter editions.

text: Pledge amounts: "Pledge US$ 1" and "Pledge US$ 450"