text:
*This is my first piece of work. I got up this morning inspired to write something. I have no title for it. Without further ado:*

I didn’t have to see. I could feel his look of disgust.

*Click*

“C’mon, Jack.”

He stood there with the bullet just inches away from my face.

“You won’t do it.”

I knew he didn’t have the heart to.

“Ha, you don’t think I will?” In the next second there was a thunderous boom. Immediately I felt a sharp, hot pain in my arm.

I saw it coming. “MOTHERF...”

He barely flinched; he was still in the same pose, arm stretched out, pistol pointed at me. I looked up. The blood gathered at the lower part of his sleeve and seeped out one drop at a time, counting the silence between us.

Amazing how much pain one could withstand when expecting it.
Even more amazing is what one is capable of doing on an irrational impulse.

The blood dripped from his fingers like hot wax.

The smoke from the barrel had subsided and I stared harder into the mirror. He pointed the gun away from my face and towards his own head.

“You won’t do it.”

I smiled. I didn't have to see. He was smiling too.

*edit* I wanted to change the ending, I was thinking about it on the way home from my friend's house and decided to change it.

title: Glad I found this subreddit! First post, please feel free to critique/interpret.

question: Who is Jack?

answer: Not the narrator.

answer: The speaker

text: The protagonist apparently calls his opposite "Jack."

refinement: The guy with the gun threatening the protagonist.

text: No answer

refinement: Jack is the protagonist's opposite, the other guy in the story.

text: It's possible that "Jack" is used not literally.

question: Why did the narrator think Jack wouldn't shoot them?

answer: That information can't be found

text: The protagonist knew "he didn't have the heart to."

answer: The narrator says Jack didn't have the heart.

answer: They didn't believe he had it in him to kill anyone.

question: What will happen next?

answer: Either the protagonist's partner will kill himself or the protagonist will shoot him. In either scenario, the protagonist will likely be overcome with despair and guilt.

answer: It looks like the characters are both willing to kill themselves, but neither can be sure of the other's intentions. Even though they both smile at each other, it seems that both of them know their time is near.

answer: It seems Jack will shoot the narrator in the face.

question: What has the writer changed about the story?

answer: The writer changed the ending, so in the new version the character is still alive. The character smiles because they know the person holding the gun isn't going to shoot them.

answer: The writer has swapped the ending, and the antagonist now points the gun at himself instead of the protagonist. This suggests that the protagonist may now have won more of a psychological battle than a physical one.

answer: The ending.

text: Doesn't say what about the ending is different.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Jack and the other character point guns at one another, arguing. Jack shoots himself in the arm and continues to argue. Jack shoots himself in the forehead while pointing the gun at the narrator.

text: Jack doesn't actually shoot himself, he's just pointing the gun at himself.

refinement: Jack and the other character point guns at one another, arguing. Jack shoots himself in the arm and continues to argue. Jack threatens to shoot himself in the head.

answer: The narrator doesn't think Jack will shoot them, but he does. Then he insinuates he will shoot them in the face. The narrator knows without looking that Jack is smiling.

text: The narrator doesn't think jack will kill himself.

refinement: The narrator doesn't think Jack will shoot them, but he does. Then he insinuates he will shoot them in the face. The narrator knows without looking that Jack is smiling, but doesn't think he'll kill himself.

answer: The narrator rubs against an unnamed dark-skinned man, who lowers a gun to the narrator's head. Thinking the man hasn't the heart to execute him, he mocks the man for the gesture. It turns out that he has the heart - but not the guts (cowardliness, preservance) to pull the trigger.

text: The man's name is apparently 'Jack' and he does shoot the narrator, we're left with him threatening to shoot himself in the head.

refinement: Jack threatens to shoot the narrator in the arm, which the narrator doubts, but then he pulls the trigger and then there's a sharp pain in his arm. He threatens to shoot them in the head. The narrator again doesn't think he'll do it, but he knows Jack is smiling.

answer: The narrator suggests that the boy, Jack, will shoot them with his gun. The narrator knows this and says that Jack, like they, has no heart to shoot them. Jack agrees with the narrator, but still holds his gun to the narrator's face, threatening to shoot.

text: It doesn't say Jack is a boy.

refinement: The narrator suggests that Jack will shoot them with his gun. The narrator knows this and says that Jack, like they, has no heart to shoot them. Jack agrees with the narrator, but still holds his gun to the narrator's face, threatening to shoot.

text: The narrator says Jack won't shoot him, but he does

refinement: The narrator suggests that Jack will not shoot them with his gun, but then he does. Jack agrees with the narrator, but still holds his gun to the narrator's face, threatening to shoot.

text: The narrator again doesn't think he'll shoot, but Jack just smiles.

refinement: The narrator suggests that Jack will not shoot them with his gun, but then he does. Jack agrees with the narrator, but still holds his gun to the narrator's face, threatening to shoot. The narrator again doesn't think he'll shoot, but Jack just smiles.

answer: The narrator was looking at the blood gathered at the lower part of the shooter's sleeve after he fired at her. She grits her teeth and concentrate,  a few seconds later she forces him off her and ready to fire at her. The protagonist shoots him right away and ends the story.

text: He shot her in the arm.

refinement: The narrator was looking at the blood gathered at the lower part of her sleeve after he shot her in the arm. She grits her teeth and concentrate,  a few seconds later she forces him off her and ready to fire at her. The protagonist shoots him right away and ends the story.

text: She doesn't force him off her and he aims at their heads.

refinement: The narrator was looking at the blood gathered at the lower part of her sleeve after he shot her in the arm. She grits her teeth and concentrate, and he's ready to fire at their heads. The protagonist shoots him right away and ends the story.

text: The protagonist does not shoot Jack, in fact he's the one with the gun and is threatening to shoot them in the head.

refinement: The narrator was looking at the blood gathered at the lower part of her sleeve after he shot her in the arm. She grits her teeth and concentrate, and he's ready to fire at their heads. The protagonist again doesn't believe he has what it takes to pull the trigger, but Jack just smiles.

answer: Jack tells his friend that he is upset with his relationship. To try to prove something, his friend lunges and Jack shoots him in the arm as a warning, telling him to not do it again. Jack tries to turn the gun on himself, not trusting his fading instincts and senses, and his friend says that he will not do it again.

text: Jack never mentions anything about a relationship.

refinement: To try to prove something, his friend lunges and Jack shoots him in the arm as a warning, telling him to not do it again. Jack tries to turn the gun on himself, not trusting his fading instincts and senses, and his friend says that he will not do it again.

text: Jack isn't the protagonist, Jack shoots the protagonist because the protagonist says he won't do it.

refinement: Jack threatens to shoot the protagonist, but he doesn't believe he'll do it. He's wrong, Jack fires at his arm. Jack tries to turn the gun on himself, not trusting his fading instincts and senses, and his friend says that he will not do it again.

text: Jack turns the gun on himself and threatens to shoot himself in the head, smiling.

refinement: Jack threatens to shoot the protagonist, but he doesn't believe he'll do it. He's wrong, Jack fires at his arm. Jack turns the gun on himself and threatens to shoot himself in the head, smiling.


split: train

text:
[Portrait of Ferry with King Stanisław Leszczyński.]

NICOLAS FERRY (known as BÉBÉ) (1741–1764) was a French dwarf who became renowned throughout Europe as the court dwarf of King Stanisław Leszczyński.

Early life and discovery

Nicolas Ferry was born on 14 October 1741 in Plaine, Bas-Rhin, France, the son of a farmer and his wife. He was unusually small at birth and continued to grow slowly, although all contemporary sources and surviving portraits agree that his limbs and features were in proportion to his height (“proportionate dwarfism”). His fame spread, and in 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław, who was also the Duke of Lorraine and maintained a court at Lunéville, although he was no longer King of Poland. Stanisław sent his physician to examine the child, who was now five years old and approximately 24 inches (60 cm) tall, and subsequently sent for him. He offered Ferry's parents money in return for their son, who was to be maintained and educated in the Leszczyński household as the court dwarf.

Life at court

At court Ferry quickly acquired the nickname Bébé (“Baby”). He was given to the queen as a birthday present in 1747, and, after her death in 1748, he became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He had tutors, but proved to be of relatively low intelligence and is reported never to have learned to read or write. A small wooden house was built for him in one of the halls of the Chateau de Lunéville, and he was spoiled and indulged by his master and the entire court. He played practical jokes on visitors and often behaved very badly, but he was the king's favourite and a great attraction.[1] Those entertained by his antics included the Duc du Richelieu and Voltaire.

In 1759 the Polish dwarf Józef Boruwłaski visited the court. He was a witty, urbane young man of 20, shorter than Ferry and well versed in court manners. Unflattering comparisons were drawn, and Ferry became so angry that he attacked Boruwłaski and tried to throw him onto the fire. The indulgent Stanisław ordered Ferry beaten for this outrage, reportedly to his severe shock and mortification.

Ferry was also compared unfavourably with Boruwłaski by the aristocratic writer, scientist and physician Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, who visited the Lunéville court to receive an honour from Stanisław. De Tressan later delivered a paper to the French Academy of Sciences likening Ferry to an animal in comparison with the intelligent, well-educated Polish dwarf.

Ferry remained at Stanisław's court throughout his life, eventually growing to a height of 34 inches (86 cm).[2]

Decline and death

Ferry's health declined in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and had difficulty walking, and he suffered wasting of the soft tissues and signs of premature aging.[3] Eventually he became incontinent and a chronic invalid, and died on 8 June 1764 aged 22. His skeleton was prepared and mounted for study, and is currently kept at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris. The rest of his remains were buried in the church at Lunéville; when the church was destroyed during the French Revolution, Ferry's inscribed mausoleum was preserved and is now at the Chateau de Lunéville. Some of Ferry's outfits are preserved in the historical museum at Nancy and there are a number of wax statues of him still in existence. A unique Luneville Faience statue of Ferry, 22 inches (56 cm) tall, modelled from life, was kept at the Chateau de Lunéville, but was destroyed in a fire in 2003.[4]

In 2006 and 2008, French researchers published detailed studies of Ferry's skeletal remains, with particular attention to his jaws and facial bones. They concluded that Ferry suffered from a rare genetic form of primordial dwarfism characterised by small, abnormal teeth without roots, and dubbed the condition _NMOSR_.[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] Foster, Kate (Lady Davson) (2004). IN MEMORIAM BÉBÉ alias Nicolas Ferry . _The French Porcelain Society Spring 2004 newsletter_, pp 26-29.

[5]

title: Nicolas Ferry

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the decline of Ferry's health.

answer: In his late teens, Ferry developed a hunchback and had difficulty walking. He developed a wasting of soft tissues and signs of premature aging. He became incontinent and a chronic invalid, and was 22 when he died.

answer: During his late teens, Ferry developed a hunchback, and the soft tissue on his body wasted as a result of aging prematurely-a condition that was likely genetic, given his dwarfism. He could no longer control his urine and bowel movements by the age of 22. In the 21st century, scientists studying Ferry's remains concluded that all this was the result of a rare genetic mutation that resulted in primordial dwarfism.

text: "-a condition that was likely genetic, given his dwarfism" - extraneous content that should be deleted.

refinement: During his late teens, Ferry developed a hunchback, and the soft tissue on his body wasted as a result of aging prematurely. He could no longer control his urine and bowel movements by the age of 22. In the 21st century, scientists studying Ferry's remains concluded that all this was the result of a rare genetic mutation that resulted in primordial dwarfism.

text: "In the 21st century, scientists studying Ferry's remains concluded that all this was the result of a rare genetic mutation that resulted in primordial dwarfism." -  extraneous information that is irrelevant to Ferry's declining health.

refinement: During his late teens, Ferry developed a hunchback, and the soft tissue on his body wasted as a result of aging prematurely. He could no longer control his urine and bowel movements by the age of 22.

text: "He could no longer control his urine and bowel movements by the age of 22" - aside from becoming incontinent, he also died at the age of 22.

refinement: During his late teens, Ferry developed a hunchback, and the soft tissue on his body wasted as a result of aging prematurely. Ferry became incontinent and a chronic invalid, eventually dying on June 8, 1764, at the age of 22.

answer: Nicolas was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback. He would have difficulties walking, became incontinent, and had the visible signs of premature aging. It is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22.

text: "Nicolas was in decline" - include "health" to make the sentence less vague.

refinement: Nicolas' health was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback. He would have difficulties walking, became incontinent, and had the visible signs of premature aging. It is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22.

text: "He developed a hunchback. He would have difficulties walking" - these two sentences should be merged to improve the sentence structure.

refinement: Nicolas' health was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and would have difficulties walking. became incontinent, and had the visible signs of premature aging. It is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22.

text: Add "He"

refinement: Nicolas' health was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and would have difficulties walking. He became incontinent, and had the visible signs of premature aging. It is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22.

text: The response is missing the part where Ferry developed a wasting of soft tissues and became a chronic invalid.

refinement: Nicolas' health was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and would have difficulties walking. He became incontinent, developed a wasting of soft tissues, and had visible signs of premature aging. He became a chronic invalid, and it is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22.

text: "and it is said his body was finally done in around the age of 22." - the sentence is hard to read and needs to be revised to make it simpler.

refinement: Nicolas' health was in decline by the time he was in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and would have difficulties walking. He became incontinent, developed a wasting of soft tissues, and had visible signs of premature aging. He became a chronic invalid and died on June 8, 1764, at the age of 22.

answer: Nicolas Ferry was extremely small for his age, but suffered from health issues in his late teens. He developed a hunchback, had difficulty walking, and suffered from wasting of soft tissues and signs of premature aging. Ultimately, Ferry died at the age of 22.

text: "age, but" - remove the comma and change "but" to "and"

refinement: Nicolas Ferry was extremely small for his age and suffered from health issues in his late teens. He developed a hunchback, had difficulty walking, and suffered from wasting of soft tissues and signs of premature aging. Ultimately, Ferry died at the age of 22.

text: Missing the part where Ferry became incontinent and a chronic invalid.

refinement: Nicolas Ferry was extremely small for his age and suffered from health issues in his late teens. He developed a hunchback, had difficulty walking, and suffered from wasting of soft tissues and signs of premature aging. Ferry became incontinent and a chronic invalid, ultimately dying at the age of 22.

answer: Eventually, Ferry became an invalid and died from a rare genetic form of primordial dwarfism. His health declined in his late teens and he suffered from a hunchback, difficulties walking, and premature aging.

text: "died from a rare genetic form of primordial dwarfism" - it was never established if primordial dwarfism killed Ferry. He might have died of something else.

refinement: Eventually, Ferry became an invalid. His health declined in his late teens and he suffered from a hunchback, difficulties walking, and premature aging.

text: The response can be improved for structure and composition. It also lacks some of the details about the Ferry's declining health.

refinement: Ferry's health declined in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and had difficulty walking. Premature aging brought on soft tissue wasting. Ferry became an incontinent, chronic invalid and eventually died on June 8, 1764, at age 22.

category_text: A combination of coverage and coherence.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize how Ferry worked his way through the court.

answer: after the birth of Aubéry de Grandpre, the brother of King Stanisław and Duke of Lorraine, Ferry's fame spread, and in 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry's fame, and his offer to hire a carpenter to build a carriage for the child, drew the attention of the Duke. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court and proved Ferry's intelligence. Ferry's fame then spread, and he was visited by a Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski who was popularly known to be more likable than Ferry. The Duke ordered Ferry beaten for his treatment of Boruwłaski and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: "after the birth of Aubéry de Grandpre, the brother of King Stanisław and Duke of Lorraine, Ferry's fame spread, and" - this isn't found anywhere in the text and should be removed.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry's fame, and his offer to hire a carpenter to build a carriage for the child, drew the attention of the Duke. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court and proved Ferry's intelligence. Ferry's fame then spread, and he was visited by a Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski who was popularly known to be more likable than Ferry. The Duke ordered Ferry beaten for his treatment of Boruwłaski and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: "Ferry's fame, and his offer to hire a carpenter to build a carriage for the child, drew the attention of the Duke." - this never happened and should be removed.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court and proved Ferry's intelligence. Ferry's fame then spread, and he was visited by a Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski who was popularly known to be more likable than Ferry. The Duke ordered Ferry beaten for his treatment of Boruwłaski and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: "and proved Ferry's intelligence." - this is incorrect. By all accounts, Ferry proved to be of low intelligence and never learned to read or write.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court. Ferry's fame then spread, and he was visited by a Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski who was popularly known to be more likable than Ferry. The Duke ordered Ferry beaten for his treatment of Boruwłaski and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: "Ferry's fame then spread, and he was visited by a Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski who was popularly known to be more likable than Ferry." - Boruwłaski didn't visit Ferry, he visited the court. It was never implied if Ferry's fame prompted the other dwarf's visit.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court. When the Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski, visited the court, unflattering comparisons were made between the two dwarves because Boruwłaski was witty, urbane, and well-versed in court manners - all the qualities Ferry did not have. Ferry got so angry he attacked Boruwłaski and tried to throw him onto the fire. The Duke ordered Ferry beaten for his treatment of Boruwłaski and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: "and since then, Ferry was forbidden from ever coming near his quarry and was tasked to guard the castle from trespassers as punishment." - this never happened.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court. When the Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski, visited the court, unflattering comparisons were made between the two dwarves because Boruwłaski was witty, urbane, and well-versed in court manners - all the qualities Ferry did not have. Ferry got so angry he attacked Boruwłaski and tried to throw him into the fire. Mortified, the Duke ordered Ferry beaten for this outrage. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

text: The response is missing details about how Ferry's life at court.

refinement: In 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław who was also the Duke of Lorraine. Ferry was only 5 years old, but at 24 inches tall, he caught the curiosity of the Duke's court where he got the nickname Bébé (“Baby”). Ferry had tutors but proved to be of low intelligence and never learned to read or write. He was spoiled and indulged by his master Stanisław and the entire court. Ferry played practical jokes on visitors and behaved badly, but was the King's favorite and a great attraction. When the Polish dwarf, Józef Boruwłaski, visited the court, unflattering comparisons were made between the two dwarves because Boruwłaski was witty, urbane, and well-versed in court manners - all the qualities Ferry did not have. Ferry got so angry he attacked Boruwłaski and tried to throw him into the fire. Mortified, the Duke ordered Ferry beaten for this outrage. While in his court, Ferry fell ill and became a hunchbacked invalid.

answer: He was sent to court of King Stanislaus Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. He was given to the queen when she died and was passed down to the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 60 cm.

text: "court" - change to "the court"

refinement: He was sent to the court of King Stanislaus Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. He was given to the queen when she died and was passed down to the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 60 cm.

text: "He was given to the queen when she died and was passed down to the Princesse de Talmont." - this is inaccurate. Ferry was given as a birthday present to the queen a year before she died and became the property of her cousin.

refinement: He was sent to the court of King Stanislaus Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. Ferry was given as a birthday present to the queen a year before she died and became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 60 cm.

text: "He grew to a length of 60 cm." - this is incorrect. He grew to a length of 86 cm.

refinement: He was sent to the court of King Stanislaus Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. Ferry was given as a birthday present to the queen a year before she died and became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 86 cm (34 inches).

text: The response is missing details of Ferry's court life.

refinement: He was sent to the court of King Stanislaus Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. Ferry was given as a birthday present to the queen a year before she died and became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 86 cm (34 inches). Because he was the king's favorite, Ferry was spoiled, indulged, and got away with bad behavior, often playing practical jokes on visitors as part of the king's court. Ferry had tutors but was reported to have low intelligence, never learning court manners or how to read and write. When a well-educated, intelligent, witty, and urbane Polish dwarf visited the court, comparisons were made and Ferry was likened to an animal for his shortcomings. An angered Ferry attacked the Polish dwarf and King Stanislaus ordered him beaten for the outrage. Ferry remained at Stanislaus' court throughout his life, eventually becoming a hunchbacked, incontinent, chronic invalid who died at the age of 22.

text: Change spelling of "Stanislaus" to "Stanisław"

refinement: He was sent to the court of King Stanisław Lesczyzynski and was given the nickname Bébé. Ferry was given as a birthday present to the queen a year before she died and became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He grew to a length of 86 cm (34 inches). Because he was the king's favorite, Ferry was spoiled, indulged, and got away with bad behavior, often playing practical jokes on visitors as part of the king's court. Ferry had tutors but was reported to have low intelligence, never learning court manners or how to read and write. When a well-educated, intelligent, witty, and urbane Polish dwarf visited the court, comparisons were made and Ferry was likened to an animal for his shortcomings. An angered Ferry attacked the Polish dwarf and King Stanisław ordered him beaten for the outrage. Ferry remained at Stanisław's court throughout his life, eventually becoming a hunchbacked, incontinent, chronic invalid who died at the age of 22.

answer: Ferry was born a small, proportionate dwarf. He was enticed to the court of Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński. There, he quickly acquired the nickname "Bébé". Ferry remained spoiled and indulged throughout his life, despite becoming a chronic invalid and eventually dying at 22 years old. His remains were prepared and mounted for study after his death and are currently kept at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris.

text: "He was enticed to the court" - this is incorrect. He wasn't enticed because he was only five years old at the time. The King offered Ferry's parents money in return for their son, who was to be the Leszczyński household's court dwarf.

refinement: Ferry was born a small, proportionate dwarf. Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński offered Ferry's parents money in return for their son, who was to be the Leszczyński household's court dwarf. There, he quickly acquired the nickname "Bébé". Ferry remained spoiled and indulged throughout his life, despite becoming a chronic invalid and eventually dying at 22 years old. His remains were prepared and mounted for study after his death and are currently kept at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris.

text: "Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński" - he was no longer the Polish king at the time.

refinement: Ferry was born a small, proportionate dwarf. Former Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński offered Ferry's parents money in return for their son, who was to be the Leszczyński household's court dwarf. There, he quickly acquired the nickname "Bébé". Ferry remained spoiled and indulged throughout his life, despite becoming a chronic invalid and eventually dying at 22 years old. His remains were prepared and mounted for study after his death and are currently kept at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris.

answer: He was initially a birthday present to the Queen, then passed down to her cousin proceeding her death. The entirety of his life Ferry was property-he was given tutors, but never became literate. Ferry was a spoiled, kept pet of the court, and a favorite of the King, what with his practical jokes. He entertained the likes of Voltaire during his short life. A visiting, more worldly dwarf named Boruwlaski was better-liked than Ferry, whose anger sparked to the point of attacking the more seasoned Boruwlaski, who ordered Ferry beaten. Ferry remained in Stanislaw's court his whole life.

text: "The" - change to "For the"

refinement: He was initially a birthday present to the Queen, then passed down to her cousin proceeding her death. For the entirety of his life Ferry was property-he was given tutors, but never became literate. Ferry was a spoiled, kept pet of the court, and a favorite of the King, what with his practical jokes. He entertained the likes of Voltaire during his short life. A visiting, more worldly dwarf named Boruwlaski was better-liked than Ferry, whose anger sparked to the point of attacking the more seasoned Boruwlaski, who ordered Ferry beaten. Ferry remained in Stanislaw's court his whole life.

text: "who ordered Ferry beaten" - this is incorrect. It was the King who ordered Ferry beaten for attacking the other dwarf.

refinement: He was initially a birthday present to the Queen, then passed down to her cousin proceeding her death. For the entirety of his life Ferry was property-he was given tutors, but never became literate. Ferry was a spoiled, kept pet of the court, and a favorite of the King, what with his practical jokes. He entertained the likes of Voltaire during his short life. A visiting, more worldly dwarf named Boruwlaski was better-liked than Ferry, whose anger sparked to the point of attacking the more seasoned Boruwlaski. The king ordered Ferry beaten for this outrage. Ferry remained in Stanislaw's court his whole life.

answer: Nicolas Ferry was born a dwarf to a farmer and initially had a difficult time making his way through life. However, when the Duke of Lorraine took an interest in him, Ferry became a valued court attraction. He achieved fame at court, but soon began to feud with another dwarf from Poland. This feud resulted in Ferry being severely punished. Toward the end of his life, his health declined sharply, and he died of unknown disease at age 22. Ultimately, his status at court was his key asset to success.

text: "initially had a difficult time making his way through life" - this is unconfirmed because Ferry was only five years old when the king's court went to get him.

refinement: Nicolas Ferry was born a dwarf to a farmer and his wife. However, when the Duke of Lorraine took an interest in him, Ferry became a valued court attraction. He achieved fame at court, but soon began to feud with another dwarf from Poland. This feud resulted in Ferry being severely punished. Toward the end of his life, his health declined sharply, and he died of unknown disease at age 22. Ultimately, his status at court was his key asset to success.

text:
"court," - remove the comma
"unknown" - change to "an unknown"

refinement: Nicolas Ferry was born a dwarf to a farmer and his wife. However, when the Duke of Lorraine took an interest in him, Ferry became a valued court attraction. He achieved fame at court but soon began to feud with another dwarf from Poland. This feud resulted in Ferry being severely punished. Toward the end of his life, his health declined sharply, and he died of an unknown disease at age 22. Ultimately, his status at court was his key asset to success.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what this article says about how dwarves were regarded in 16th century Europe.

answer: In the 16th century, dwarves generally were thought to be entertaining but simple creatures whose curiosities were to be entertained. There were some comparisons made between dwarves, but ultimately most dwarves were treated like showpieces and spoilt by powerful courts. The one notable exception to this was the French dwarf, Bébé, at the court of Stanisław Leszczyński. Bébé was given to the court as a gift, and ultimately was neglected in health and intellect. Despite these shortcomings, Bébé was the favored member of the court and a great attraction.

text: "and ultimately was neglected in health and intellect" - this is inaccurate. He had tutors but was found to be of low intelligence. It was never established if the court neglected his health.

refinement: In the 16th century, dwarves generally were thought to be entertaining but simple creatures whose curiosities were to be entertained. There were some comparisons made between dwarves, but ultimately most dwarves were treated like showpieces and spoilt by powerful courts. The one notable exception to this was the French dwarf, Bébé, at the court of Stanisław Leszczyński. Bébé was given to the court as a gift, but had low intelligence and never became literate despite attempts to tutor him. Despite these shortcomings, Bébé was the favored member of the court and a great attraction.

text: "The one notable exception to this was the French dwarf, Bébé," - this doesn't make sense because Ferry was also spoiled and indulged by the king and his court, therefore he isn't an exception.

refinement: In the 16th century, dwarves generally were thought to be entertaining but simple creatures whose curiosities were to be entertained. There were some comparisons made between dwarves, but ultimately most dwarves were treated like showpieces and spoilt by powerful courts like the French dwarf, Bébé, who belonged to the court of Stanisław Leszczyński. Bébé was given to the court as a gift, but had low intelligence and never became literate despite attempts to tutor him. Despite these shortcomings, Bébé was the favored member of the court and a great attraction.

answer: No answer

answer: It would seem that dwarves were seen as a necessity in the luxury of the palace, and served their purpose in entertainment value. However, it does not seem they were treated as if they were of equal importance as people who did not appear to have dwarfism. The dwarves in this article-Ferry and Boruwlaski, had decent lodging and good company, as well as access to educational resources, but it seems their purpose and significance was very limited in scope and that they could never hope to be taken very seriously.

text: "was very" - replace with "were"

refinement: It would seem that dwarves were seen as a necessity in the luxury of the palace, and served their purpose in entertainment value. However, it does not seem they were treated as if they were of equal importance as people who did not appear to have dwarfism. The dwarves in this article-Ferry and Boruwlaski, had decent lodging and good company, as well as access to educational resources, but it seems their purpose and significance were limited in scope and that they could never hope to be taken very seriously.

answer: Dwarves were viewed generally with curiosity by the European court, but were often considered inferior to humans. The court dwarf at King Stanisław Leszczyński's court was a particular cause for wonder, but despite being indulged by the king himself, was considered intellectually inferior and prone to bad behavior. Even with this indulgence, the dwarf showed signs of physical decline and ultimately died at a young age.

answer: No answer


text:
_PARAPISTOCALAMUS_ is a genus of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

Species

The genus _Parapistocalamus_ contains the sole species _PARAPISTOCALAMUS HEDIGERI_, commonly known as HEDIGER'S CORAL SNAKE.[1]

Etymology

The specific name, _hedigeri_, is in honor of Swiss biologist Heini Hediger.[2]

Geographic range

_P. hedigeri_ is found in Papua New Guinea.[3]

Description

_P. hedigeri_ is a small slender snake. The average total length (including tail) is , and the maximum recorded total length is . The head is only slightly wider than the neck. The eye is small, and the pupil is round. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 15 rows at midbody. Dorsally, it is uniform brown, and ventrally it is yellowish. It may have a lighter collar.[4]

Habitat

The preferred habitat of _P. hedigeri_ is forest.[5]

Behavior

_P. hedigeri_ is crepuscular or nocturnal. It burrows in leaf litter and rotten logs.[6]

Reproduction

_P. hediger_ is probably oviparous.[7]

[1]

[2] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). _The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles_. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (_Parapistocalamus hedigeri_, p. 119).

[3]

[4] O'Shea, Mark (1996). _A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea_. Port Moresby: Independent Publishing. xii + 239 pp. . (_Parapistocalamus hedigeri_, pp. 146-147 + Map 22).

[5]

[6]

[7]

title: Parapistocalamus

question: What is Parapistocalamus?

answer: Parapistocalamus is a genus of venomous snake found in Papua New Guinea. The only species within the genus is Hediger's Coral Snake, _Parapistocalamus hedigeri_.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: Parapistocalamus is a genus of venomous snake found in Papua New Guinea. The only species within the genus is Hediger's Coral Snake, Parapistocalamus hedigeri.

answer: a genus of venomous snake in the family Elapidae

answer: It is a genus of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

answer: Parapistocalamus is a genus of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

question: How many species are in the genus Parapistocalamus?

answer: There is only one species in the genus Parapistocalamus, _Parapistocalamus hedigeri_.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: There is only one species in the genus Parapistocalamus, Parapistocalamus hedigeri.

answer: There is only one species in the genus Parapistocalamus.

answer: one

answer: There is only one species in the genus, Parapistocalamus hedigeri.

question: What is the name of the species in the genus Parapistocalamus?

answer: The species in the genus Parapistocalamus is called _Parapistocalamus hedigeri_.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: The species in the genus Parapistocalamus is called Parapistocalamus hedigeri.

answer: hedigeri

text: Use the full name of the species.

answer: The name of the species in the genus Parapistocalamus is _PARAPISTOCALAMUS HEDIGERI_.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: The name of the species in the genus Parapistocalamus is PARAPISTOCALAMUS HEDIGERI.

answer: The species in the genus Parapistocalamus is Parapistocalamus hedigeri.

question: What does P. hedigeri look like?

answer: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake. The average total length (including tail) is , and the maximum recorded total length is . The head is only slightly wider than the neck. The eye is small, and the pupil is round. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 15 rows at midbody. Dorsally, it is uniform brown, and ventrally it is yellowish. It may have a lighter collar.

text: No actual information is provided in the second sentence due to missing numbers. Remove this sentence.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake. The head is only slightly wider than the neck. The eye is small, and the pupil is round. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 15 rows at midbody. Dorsally, it is uniform brown, and ventrally it is yellowish. It may have a lighter collar.

answer: It is a small slender snake. The head is only slightly wider than the neck. The eye is small, and the pupil is round. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 15 rows at midbody. Dorsally, it is uniform brown, and ventrally it is yellowish. It may have a lighter collar.

answer: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with a head only slightly wider than its neck.

text: Mention that the dorsal scales are uniform brown and its ventral scales are yellowish.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with a head only slightly wider than its neck.  The dorsal scales are uniform brown and its ventral scales are yellowish.

text: Include that its eyes are small with round pupils.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with a head only slightly wider than its neck with small eyes and round pupils. The dorsal scales are uniform brown and its ventral scales are yellowish.

text: Mention that the snake can have a lighter collar.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with a head only slightly wider than its neck with small eyes and round pupils. The dorsal scales are uniform brown and its ventral scales are yellowish. It may have a lighter collar.

answer: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with smooth dorsal scales that are brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally. It is nocturnal and prefers forest habitats.

text: "It is nocturnal and prefers forest habitats" is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with smooth dorsal scales that are brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally.

text: Mention that the head is only slightly wider than the neck with small eyes and round pupils.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with smooth dorsal scales that are brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally. The head is only slightly wider than the neck with small eyes and round pupils.

text: Mention that the snake may have a lighter collar.

refinement: P. hedigeri is a small slender snake with smooth dorsal scales that are brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally. The head is only slightly wider than the neck with small eyes and round pupils. It may have a lighter collar.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the Parapistocalamus genus of venomous snakes, and the species Parapistocalamus hedigeri, commonly known as Hediger's Coral Snake.

text: It's omitted that Hediger's Coral Snake is the only species in the genus.

refinement: This article describes the Parapistocalamus genus of venomous snakes, and its only species Parapistocalamus hedigeri, commonly known as Hediger's Coral Snake.

answer: Parapistocalamus is a genus of venomous snake containing only one species: P. hedigeri.

answer: The genus _Parapistocalamus_ contains the sole species _PARAPISTOCALAMUS HEDIGERI_, commonly known as HEDIGER'S CORAL SNAKE.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: The genus Parapistocalamus contains the sole species PARAPISTOCALAMUS HEDIGERI, commonly known as HEDIGER'S CORAL SNAKE.

answer: The genus _Parapistocalamus_ contains the species _P. hedigeri_, commonly known as the Hediger's Coral Snake. This snake is found in Papua New Guinea, and is nocturnal or crepuscular. It prefers forest habitats.

text: This is three sentences instead of the requested one.

refinement: The genus _Parapistocalamus_ contains the species _P. hedigeri_, commonly known as the Hediger's Coral Snake.

text: It's omitted that the snake is the only species in the genus.

refinement: The genus _Parapistocalamus_ contains only one species _P. hedigeri_, commonly known as the Hediger's Coral Snake.

text: Remove underscores.

refinement: The genus Parapistocalamus contains only one species P. hedigeri, commonly known as the Hediger's Coral Snake.


text:
He slides around the corner, presses his back tightly against the wall, and they rush past him without noticing.  Resting hands on knees, panting and sweaty, he takes a moment to catch his breath. They are after him. He has been running through this building for hours.

Finding him has become a competition. We all want to be the one that traps the rabbit. He knows me from a time when I was on his side. I'm not sure if he will still trust me, but what's the worst that can happen?

I gesture towards my door offering sanctuary, mouthing, "Come on! They are right behind you!" He scurries over, and darts under my arm just as a team of officers turns the corner. I shut the door behind him, and brace myself as he tries to force it open.

"Hey, I found him! He's in here!"

He is trapped and knows it. His executioners walk in behind me. He sulks over to one of my desks. We shoot each other sideways glances as we take our positions. We nod silently saying, "Good game."

His case manager storms in followed by a suit. She immediately begins to deliver the lecture she has been waiting all day to give. I sit closest to him. He won't hit me... but her... none of us are too sure about her. The suit sits closest to the door, looking uncomfortable and annoyed.

He tries to explain why he ran, but she had hours of chasing to prepare this speech. There were no planned pauses for his input. He is fidgeting and looking around the room. He knows I won't hesitate to tackle him if he makes a play for the door. He and I have been down that road together at "the other place." He locks eyes with me and I see big tears welling up. I can hear him telepathically asking for help. I want to scream at her to,

 "SHUT THE FUCK UP!"

but he must have been reading my mind too because he bolts up and yells it. The suit says in his best authoritative voice, "Kevin, stop."

I think to myself, "What's that bitch gonna do."

He and I lock eyes again and I ask, "So, are you taking any art classes this year?" He looks stunned. He wants another reason to yell but there isn't one. It dawns on him that I am throwing him an out and he grabs it with both hands.

"Not yet, but I want to."

In the background the lecture from Mr. & Mrs. Bitch continues, but we have entered into our own conversation bubble. In our bubble it is calm and quiet and the topic is art.

"You know there are a lot of great courses offered here."

We maintain intense eye contact because this reprieve is fragile.

"Is there a sculpture class? Remember when I made you...

POP!

I had heard it in the background too. The Bitch crossed the line. She is already at the phone and looking up the number for his mom.

He begins to shake. "You gonna call her so you can tell her more lies? Just like with that email you sent her." He is getting angry again and his eyes are darting around the room. He is starting to panic. "You know FUCK YOU BITCH! I've put up with fifteen years of abuse and you know that."

"I didn't lie in that email. It's not my fault if your mom didn't undesta..."

"It is your fault! I am back in that house now and I hate it. What happened over that email is YOUR FAULT."

She moves uncomfortably in her chair and looks away. She does feel the guilt. She changes her tone and softly says, "I am so sorry if you got in trouble because your mom didn't understand my email."

He senses her weakness and lobs into his verbal assault. He goes on about how she lies and how much she hates him.  He begins to make fun of her for the tears in her eyes when I turn my gaze back towards him.

"I know you don't like her, but do you know your brother hates ME?"  This phrase strikes him speechless. I have known him for years. I protected him from the bigger kids when we were at "the other place." He has cried in my arms more than once.

"It's true. I am the one that has to boss him around and he hates me for it. I was just trying to figure out what to do with him before we found out you were missing. He is worried sick about you right now."

He studies my face to for a tell. I hold his gaze and continue. "Did you hear her? What she said? She said she's sorry and that you're right. Do you think you can forgive her?"

His face twists with rage and tears stream down his cheeks. He looks at her and begins screaming again. I reach out and hold his hand.

"You know, all of the problems with your mom were there before her. You can't blame her for what your mom did."

And just like when he was small he sobs in my arms. On cue, his brother walks in. Kevin runs up and hugs him.

I would like to say he hugged Mrs. Bitch as well, but truth be told, as soon as she got him into the hall he took off running.

title: The Runner

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did the narrator mean by "the other place?"

answer: Presumably a mental health facility of some sort.

text: More likely foster care

refinement: The "other place" is a facility or detention center where many youths go after running away from home. Some youths are sent there by their parents or case managers, while others end up there by running away and being caught by authorities.

answer: That information can't be found in the story.

text: Foster care

refinement: The "other place" is a facility or detention center where many youths go after running away from home. Some youths are sent there by their parents or case managers, while others end up there by running away and being caught by authorities.

answer: That information is not known.

text: More likely foster care

refinement: The "other place" is a facility or detention center where many youths go after running away from home. Some youths are sent there by their parents or case managers, while others end up there by running away and being caught by authorities.

answer: At "the other place" the protagonist and his brother were in foster care. The protagonist found the brother running from his caseworker and intervened to offer refuge. The brother blamed the caseworker for his problems, which led to the fight and tears. However, in the aftermath, the protagonist reminded the brother of their past together and calmed him down.

answer: The "other place" is a facility or detention center where many youths go after running away from home. Some youths are sent there by their parents or case managers, while others end up there by running away and being caught by authorities.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did Kevin have a case manager?

answer: Kevin is on probation for violating the terms of his release.

text: He is not in prison

refinement: Because he always ran away from the foster home

answer: His home life was so bad that he needed someone to follow up with and give him am uneasy environment.

text: 'Give him an uneasy environment' is absurd

refinement: Because he always ran away from the foster home

answer: It appears Kevin suffered from domestic violence.

text: Because he always ran away from the foster home

refinement: Because he always ran away from the foster home

answer: Because he always ran away from the foster home

answer: Kevin has had a case manager because he is a runaway.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was the relationship between the case manager and Kevin?

answer: The case manager tried to offer a solution to Kevin's domestic issues, but Kevin thought the worst of her and blamed her for getting him in trouble with his mother.

answer: That information can't be found.

text: It can be found

refinement: The case manager tried to offer a solution to Kevin's domestic issues, but Kevin thought the worst of her and blamed her for getting him in trouble with his mother.

answer: It is not stated in the story directly, but it seems that Kevin trusts her initially and she means well to him. The city officials like her and she also promises to fix issues with Kevin's mother to write him a letter. However, her methods are very authoritarian especially in their private lives and Kevin finally learns to distrust her and rebel against her.

answer: The case manager was someone that Kevin had known from before, when she was on his side. Now she is after him, trying to catch him so she can deliver a lecture. Their relationship thus far is contentious and volatile.

answer: The case manager was chasing Kevin because she was after him. They had previously been on the same side, but Kevin was now being pursued as a fugitive. The case manager and Kevin had a tense relationship, aggravated by the events of the chase.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did Kevin despise his case manager?

answer: They imply the case manager only put him in the house so Kevin would get in trouble with his mother and because she had never been a good mother to him

text: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

refinement: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

answer: She tried to mend things with Kevin's mother. It seems to be that it is her fault (partly) because she hasn't reported the abuse.

text: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

refinement: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

answer: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

answer: Kevin despised the case manager because she was always providing him with reasons to be angry and upset. She was critical and blaming and always had an agenda for making him change. She turned others against him which made him feel alone. Her lack of understanding and empathy for him only contributed to the frustrations he was feeling. Not only did she not support him or take his side, she was also the one who brought him into the situation in the first place. That is why Kevin despised her.

text: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

refinement: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

answer: Kevin despised his case manager because she publicly chastised him and because she was partly responsible for getting him into trouble in the first place. She had continuously put down Kevin and blamed him for the problems he faced with his mother. He saw her as being unreliable and untrustworthy because she deliberately lied to Kevin's mother about his whereabouts. Her criticisms of him only worsened the situation and so Kevin started to hate her.

text: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

refinement: She sent an email to his mother, which got him into trouble.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was Kevin running away from?

answer: It might be implied that he was running away from home.

text: No, more locally in the story. Also that answer is a tautology

refinement: He's running from his case manager who's giving him a lecture.

answer: That information can't be found.

text: Yes it can

refinement: He's running from his case manager who's giving him a lecture.

answer: Kevin was running away from authorities who wanted to apprehend him.

text: Technically she is an authority but that implies he committed a crime which he did not

refinement: He's running from his case manager who's giving him a lecture.

answer: He's running from his case manager who's giving him a lecture.

answer: Kevin was running away from the authorities who were chasing him. He had run through the building for hours before he found refuge under the arm of a friend who offered sanctuary before the authorities arrived.

text: He is not running from the law, he is running from his case manager.

refinement: He's running from his case manager who's giving him a lecture.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Did Kevin have anger management issues?

answer: Yes, Kevin had anger management issues. He had been running for hours, and when Mrs. Bitch started lecturing him he began shouting and even tried to force the door open. Kevin made fun of her for her tears and blamed her for any issues he had with his mother. This shows that Kevin has some serious issues with anger management.

text: Too subjective

answer: That information is not known.

answer: Yes, Kevin had anger management issues. He had been running through a building for hours, being pursued by law enforcement, and he had likely exhausted all other means of escape. He reacted strongly when Mrs. Bitch's lecture crossed the line from corrective to hurtful, and when she admitted her wrongdoing, Kevin's anger was assuaged. His outburst stemmed from a need to lash out due to fear and betrayal.

text: Too subjective

answer: Yes.

text: Too subjective

answer: It may just be a figure of speech.

text: Meaningless

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What's the relationship between the narrator and Kevin?

answer: The narrator is a friend of Kevin's. The narrator is offering refuge to Kevin from the people after him, trying to help him through what is likely to be a difficult and dangerous situation.

answer: The narrator is friends with Kevin. He previously aided in Kevin's escape from a difficult home situation. Now that Kevin has once again been caught and is facing punishment, the narrator is trying to convince him to be forgiving and forgive the person who called Kevin's mother and disclosed his whereabouts. The narrator fights against both the people hunting Kevin and Kevin's distress to help him find peace.

answer: It is not certain. He might be his therapist or counselor.

text: The narrator is friends with Kevin. He previously aided in Kevin's escape from a difficult home situation. Now that Kevin has once again been caught and is facing punishment, the narrator is trying to convince him to be forgiving and forgive the person who called Kevin's mother and disclosed his whereabouts. The narrator fights against both the people hunting Kevin and Kevin's distress to help him find peace.

refinement: The narrator is friends with Kevin. He previously aided in Kevin's escape from a difficult home situation. Now that Kevin has once again been caught and is facing punishment, the narrator is trying to convince him to be forgiving and forgive the person who called Kevin's mother and disclosed his whereabouts. The narrator fights against both the people hunting Kevin and Kevin's distress to help him find peace.

answer: They met and worked together in the other place

text: No evidence for that

refinement: The narrator is friends with Kevin. He previously aided in Kevin's escape from a difficult home situation. Now that Kevin has once again been caught and is facing punishment, the narrator is trying to convince him to be forgiving and forgive the person who called Kevin's mother and disclosed his whereabouts. The narrator fights against both the people hunting Kevin and Kevin's distress to help him find peace.

answer: The narrator knows Kevin from when he was on his side.

text: Not sufficient explanation

refinement: The narrator is friends with Kevin. He previously aided in Kevin's escape from a difficult home situation. Now that Kevin has once again been caught and is facing punishment, the narrator is trying to convince him to be forgiving and forgive the person who called Kevin's mother and disclosed his whereabouts. The narrator fights against both the people hunting Kevin and Kevin's distress to help him find peace.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Was Kevin's mother abusive, and how was their relationship like?

answer: Yes.

answer: It appears Kevin had a strained relationship with his mother, and she might be the one abusing him.

answer: Kevin's mother was abusive towards him. Their relationship was tumultuous and often tumultuous with the help of Mrs. Bitch. Mrs. Bitch would make negative comments about Kevin and goad him into running away.

answer: Not directly implied, but Kevin said that the email sent to him by his mom caused the fallout between her and "the Bitch".

answer: Yes, Kevin's mother was abusive. Their relationship was tainted with anger, mistrust, and guilt.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer:
The runner avoids his pursuers by finding sanctuary through the narrator's door when the latter gestures at him and offers to give him shelter. Since the narrator is on the other side and their team knows where the boy is, it's a deadly game the boy finds himself in. The boy's mother is there and now it's a case manager trying to fuss over him, seem like she's doing a good job, but the boy knows better.

The boy's brother enters, running inside to embrace his brother, and the narrator realizes their plan is working, the boy is letting out his anger so the severity of the abuse has struck a cord with the mother, the lawyer stops with the case manager and they are both sorry about it. The mother would like to be forgiven but the boy should know all of the problems went on before her.

text: The boy's mother is not there

refinement:
The runner avoids his pursuers by finding sanctuary through the narrator's door when the latter gestures at him and offers to give him shelter. Since the narrator is on the other side and their team knows where the boy is, it's a deadly game the boy finds himself in. The boy's mother is there and now it's a case manager trying to fuss over him, seem like she's doing a good job, but the boy knows better.

The narrator found Kevin, who presumably escaped from home, and took him to his case manager, a woman. While in a room with the caseworker, Kevin displayed multiple fits of rage and hurled abuses at his case manager. Because of this, the narrator tried to calm Kevin down by talking about art. The tranquility between them was short-lived when Kevin caught the woman trying to telephone his mother, which then threw him into another fit. He blamed her for putting him in trouble with his mother because of an email she sent her, which could be why he ran away in the first place. Eventually, the narrator succeeded in pacifying Kevin and reunited him with his brother.

answer: The narrator found Kevin, who presumably escaped from home, and took him to his case manager, a woman. While in a room with the caseworker, Kevin displayed multiple fits of rage and hurled abuses at his case manager. Because of this, the narrator tried to calm Kevin down by talking about art. The tranquility between them was short-lived when Kevin caught the woman trying to telephone his mother, which then threw him into another fit. He blamed her for putting him in trouble with his mother because of an email she sent her, which could be why he ran away in the first place. Eventually, the narrator succeeded in pacifying Kevin and reunited him with his brother.

answer:
It is apparent that the main character is in a facility with other people, and had been running from officers. He senses that the officers are after him, and that the officers know him. He runs to a desk, locks eyes on the main character, who says there is sanctuary at his door. A suit and a case manager comes on the scene and the case manager is disappointed in the main character because he's motivated.

The main character tells him about his brother, and Kevins tells him how his brother hates him after the case manager said she was sorry. The main character consoles and offers forgiveness and him as an out.

text: It is not officers he is after

refinement:
The narrator found Kevin, who presumably escaped from home, and took him to his case manager, a woman. While in a room with the caseworker, Kevin displayed multiple fits of rage and hurled abuses at his case manager. Because of this, the narrator tried to calm Kevin down by talking about art. The tranquility between them was short-lived when Kevin caught the woman trying to telephone his mother, which then threw him into another fit. He blamed her for putting him in trouble with his mother because of an email she sent her, which could be why he ran away in the first place. Eventually, the narrator succeeded in pacifying Kevin and reunited him with his brother.

The main character tells him about his brother, and Kevins tells him how his brother hates him after the case manager said she was sorry. The main character consoles and offers forgiveness and him as an out.

answer: The protagonist comes around a corner, gasping for breath, pursued by police. The protagonist finds the protagonist hiding behind their door, and shuts the door just as the police turn the corner. The protagonist urges the runner to forgive Mrs. Bitch, who is his case manager. The runner sobs in the protagonist's arms as his brother walks in, and soon takes off running again.

text: He is not pursued by police

refinement: The narrator found Kevin, who presumably escaped from home, and took him to his case manager, a woman. While in a room with the caseworker, Kevin displayed multiple fits of rage and hurled abuses at his case manager. Because of this, the narrator tried to calm Kevin down by talking about art. The tranquility between them was short-lived when Kevin caught the woman trying to telephone his mother, which then threw him into another fit. He blamed her for putting him in trouble with his mother because of an email she sent her, which could be why he ran away in the first place. Eventually, the narrator succeeded in pacifying Kevin and reunited him with his brother.

answer: The Runner is pursued by a group of officers, desperate to trap him. He finds a safe haven at the office of an old friend. The lecture from the case manager is interrupted by the sound of shouting and crying. The Runner lashes out at her, but is eventually calmed by his younger brother. In a rare moment of vulnerability, he sobs into the arms of his old friend. He tries to run off immediately afterwards, but is stopped by the brother.

text: He is not pursued by police

refinement: The narrator found Kevin, who presumably escaped from home, and took him to his case manager, a woman. While in a room with the caseworker, Kevin displayed multiple fits of rage and hurled abuses at his case manager. Because of this, the narrator tried to calm Kevin down by talking about art. The tranquility between them was short-lived when Kevin caught the woman trying to telephone his mother, which then threw him into another fit. He blamed her for putting him in trouble with his mother because of an email she sent her, which could be why he ran away in the first place. Eventually, the narrator succeeded in pacifying Kevin and reunited him with his brother.


text:
And there she was, a woman in black. Shedding tears of dark ink that sorrow the mind and confuse the memories and recaps of her past, just to slap her back to the future. In doubt of life and in a neverending loop of pain. What did the woman in black want? Love.
All she ever wanted was love and all she ever got was the illusions and dreams of what her life would be next to him; and now those dreams are shards of glass on the ground and the illusions have turned into nightmares. The poison that ran through her veins was going to be her dead as it was his, but that bloody fiend she loved was her curse and all that matters now is the grains of salt vanishing through a thin crystal. What have i done wrong to deserve this? She could ask herself; but there was no simple answer. It was love the syringe and passion the lure to her doom. The woman in black saw his face one last time in the coffin and all the good memories vanished. High school prom. The weekend at the river. Uncle Marcy's wedding. All gone. For the woman in black's life was perfect until she found out of the affairs of her husband. Fifteen years of a happy marriage now in doubt, sorrow and deception. What was true and what was false? She could not help to think of herself as a lie. "I am a lie. My life is a lie."
That was the important of honesty. That reminded her of her vows at their wedding. His smile. The happiest day of her life and the day the grim reaper set her up with a demon. "Can I just blame it on him? did i not try hard enough?" Who cares. she certainly didnt because she was a young woman poisoned by the allure of his life and death.
The woman in black was young, charming and inteligent at one point; But now all she was mad her sick. A walking infection, a timing bomb, a dirty whore. She did not belong in this world anymore and she knew it, people treated her different and she needed pills everyday. a pale white women in a black dress. Her tiny limbs and her thin hair depressed her and made her hate the mirrors. The Happy family pictures break her heart. "I could've had that. I did, even if it was false and sick." She was a joke and she knew it. Scum. She found out she was going to be a mother; and got maternity absence from the Law office she worked at. But it just took her a couple of weeks to start feeling more nauseous than usual. her husband have had high fevers so they went to the doctor, scared for the baby's health.
After losing her child, she was hospitalized for a couple of days, but her husband was as well. The doctor told them that they were HIV positive and that their immune systems are not functioning as well as a healthy person. " Healthy person". she kept saying to herself for months after given release from the medical center. She despised this healthy people she saw on the streets now, she alienated herself from them and was disgusted by how they live their healthy and plentiful lifes. "I was one of them, I was healthy. I had it all." She slid a black rose in between the man who cursed her's arms and kissed his forehead one last time. Honeymoon at Hawaii. The night at the roof with the wine. Playing Scrabble and making up silly words. The last of her memories vanished with the rose on his hands, and the woman in black shed one last tear for that 'what could've been' and the deceit she had for a life.

title: The Woman in Black

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the woman in black?

answer: The woman in black is a disillusioned young woman who is grieving the loss of her child and her marriage.

text: Add that she is also grieving the loss of her health.

refinement: The woman in black is a disillusioned young woman who is grieving the loss of her child, her marriage, and her health.

answer: The woman in black has had her heart broken by a cheating husband, and now, HIV. She feels that she has lost her life and her relationship with people as well.

text: Change 'and now' to 'who gave her' to add cause and effect.

refinement: The woman in black has had her heart broken by a cheating husband, who gave her HIV. She feels that she has lost her life and her relationship with people as well.

answer: Not answered explicitly

text: This is inaccurate - the whole passage describes the woman in black. Omit.

text: Empty response

refinement: The woman in black has had her heart broken by a cheating husband, who gave her HIV. She feels that she has lost her life and her relationship with people as well.

answer: Woman in black is a happily married woman to a man 15 years her senior. Other than that, it is not given.

text: This is not correct, omit.

text: Empty answer

refinement: The woman in black has had her heart broken by a cheating husband, who gave her HIV. She feels that she has lost her life and her relationship with people as well.

answer: The woman in black is a young woman dealing with the deceit and betrayal in her marriage.

text: Add the key detail of having HIV as a result.

refinement: The woman in black is a young woman dealing with the deceit and betrayal in her marriage and her resulting diagnosis with HIV.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why is the woman in black's life a lie?

answer: The woman in black's life is a lie because everything about her life was distorted through untrue representation and fraud. She had everything she wanted until she realized her husband had been cheating on her with multiple people. This realization shattered her perfect life and she saw her illusions and dreams replaced with nightmares. She ultimately came to see herself as a fraud and a lie due to her false perception of the perfect life she truly had.

answer: She found out about her husband's affair.

answer: The woman in black's life is a lie because she was once healthy and happy. But then she found out that her husband was HIV positive, and her world fell apart. After losing her child, she felt disgusted by living a healthy and plentiful life. She alienated herself from people who were healthy, and ceased to see her life as anything but a lie.

text: Clarify that she felt disgusted by people who were living a healthy and plentiful life, not the idea of living one herself.

refinement: The woman in black's life is a lie because she was once healthy and happy. But then she found out that her husband was HIV positive, and her world fell apart. After losing her child, she felt disgusted by people living a healthy and plentiful life. She alienated herself from people who were healthy, and ceased to see her life as anything but a lie.

answer:
The woman's husband gets another woman pregnant.

Why is the young woman crying?She is HIV positive.

text: Omit the irrelevant question.

refinement:
The woman's husband gets another woman pregnant.

She is HIV positive.

text: Omit the incorrect first sentence.

text: Add the detail of her husband's affair(s) being the cause.

refinement: She is HIV positive, which is how she finds out about her husband's affairs.

answer: She has discovered her husband has HIV and their immune systems are not functioning well.

text: This answer is incomplete; add that this is how she found out about her husband's affair(s).

refinement: She has discovered her husband has HIV and their immune systems are not functioning well. The diagnosis is also how she found out that her husband had cheated on her for years, so she feels deceived, and fraudulent now that she can't be healthy again.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why does the woman in black not belong on this world anymore?

answer: She is diagnosed with HIV and her health is failing significantly.

text: Add subjectivity, i.e. 'She feels this way because'

refinement: She feels this way because she is diagnosed with HIV and her health is failing significantly.

answer: She could no longer mask her bouts of illness to avoid the looks of other people.

text: Add clarification/connection to the question onto the end.

refinement: She could no longer mask her bouts of illness to avoid the looks of other people, which makes her feel alienated.

answer: The woman in black feels she does not belong in this world anymore because she was healthy and had everything before she became HIV positive and lost her baby. She now sees those of a healthy nature as better than her, and therefore feels like she does not belong in the world.

answer: The woman in black does not belong on this world anymore because she was once healthy herself before encountering sickness and deception. She now sees those who are healthy and bountiful and feels alienated by them, disgusted by their lifestyle. She is a walking infection and a timing bomb, with only fragments of memories left of what could have been.

text: Change 'timing' to 'time'

refinement: The woman in black does not belong on this world anymore because she was once healthy herself before encountering sickness and deception. She now sees those who are healthy and bountiful and feels alienated by them, disgusted by their lifestyle. She is a walking infection and a time

answer: People treat her different and she needs pills for every day.

text: Grammar: adverb

refinement: People treat her differently and she needs pills for every day.

text: Grammar: remove 'for'

refinement: People treat her differently and she needs pills every day.

text: Add the reason for this (HIV).

refinement: People treat her differently and she needs pills every day because she has HIV.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What happened to the woman's husband?

answer: He died of AIDS.

text: The passage doesn't mention if his HIV led to AIDS, so it's more accurate to phrase it, 'HIV-related illness' as that's the implication.

answer: It appears that he developed AIDS at some point after they were married.

text: Add that he died consequently.

refinement: It appears that he developed AIDS at some point after they were married, and consequently died.

text: The passage doesn't mention if his HIV led to AIDS, so replace 'AIDS' with 'HIV'.

refinement: It appears that he developed HIV at some point after they were married, and consequently died.

answer: The woman's husband is HIV positive.

text: Add that he dies from related illness.

refinement: The woman's husband is HIV positive and dies from related illness.

answer: Not answered specifically.

text: This is not correct, it is indicated in the text that he died from HIV-related illness: 'The woman in black saw his face one last time in the coffin'; 'The poison that ran through her veins was going to be her [death] as it was his'

answer: The woman's husband became HIV positive and their immune systems are not as healthy as a healthy person.

text: Add that he died because of this.

refinement: The woman's husband became HIV positive and their immune systems are not as healthy as a healthy person, and consequently he died.

text: Rephrase the 'immune system' clause for flow and comprehension, i.e. adding a clear chain of events.

refinement: The woman's husband became HIV positive, rendering both their immune systems weak, and consequently he died.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband may have been unfaithful to her. Afterwards, she realizes she had a miscarriage and is devastated.

text: Change 'may have been' to 'was' because that is a certainty.

refinement: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband was unfaithful to her. Afterwards, she realizes she had a miscarriage and is devastated.

text: Change 'Afterwards, she realizes she had a miscarriage' to 'After having a miscarraige,' so more info can follow it.

refinement: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband was unfaithful to her. After having a miscarriage, and is devastated.

text: Rephrase 'and is devastated' to 'she is devastated'

refinement: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband was unfaithful to her. After having a miscarriage, she is devastated.

text: Add to the first sentence that the husband has since died.

refinement: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband was unfaithful to her, and has since died. After having a miscarriage, she is devastated.

text: Add to the second sentence that she is devastated 'to learn she now has to live with HIV because of him' because that was given more significance than the miscarriage in the narrative.

refinement: A woman finds out that her HIV positive husband was unfaithful to her, and has since died. After having a miscarriage, she is devastated to learn she now has to live with HIV because of him.

text: Reword the first clause so that the death and learning of the HIV come with finding out he has been unfaithful.

refinement: A woman finds out that her husband was unfaithful to her when they are diagnosed with HIV, and he has died. After having a miscarriage, she is devastated to learn she now has to live with HIV because of him.

answer: A woman in black laments the loss of her husband to HIV. While secluded in her home, she is wondering how to repay her husband for the death of her unborn child.

text: The second sentence is not accurate; omit it.

refinement: A woman in black laments the loss of her husband to HIV.

text: Add that they both contracted HIV because he was unfaithful.

refinement: A woman in black laments the loss of her husband to HIV. They were both diagnosed with the virus, which is how she found out about his infidelity.

text: Add that they were diagnosed because they were in the hospital for her miscarriage.

refinement: A woman in black laments the loss of her husband to HIV. They were both diagnosed with the virus when she was hospitalized following a miscarriage, which is how she found out about his infidelity.

answer: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life. She lost everything she wanted to have after finding out her husband was cheating on her with HIV. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people. She puts a black rose on her husband's grave, sealing away her memories of what she used to have.

text: Rephrase for clarity: the husband contracted HIV from cheating on her.

refinement: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life. She lost everything she wanted to have after finding out her husband contracted HIV from cheating on her. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people. She puts a black rose on her husband's grave, sealing away her memories of what she used to have.

text: For flow, remove 'to have' so it is simply 'everything she wanted'

refinement: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life. She lost everything she wanted after finding out her husband contracted HIV from cheating on her. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people. She puts a black rose on her husband's grave, sealing away her memories of what she used to have.

text: Combine the first two sentences into one.

refinement: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life, having lost everything she wanted after finding out her husband contracted HIV from cheating on her. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people. She puts a black rose on her husband's grave, sealing away her memories of what she used to have.

text: Remove the last sentence as it is not necessary to the summary and makes the summary too long.

refinement: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life, having lost everything she wanted after finding out her husband contracted HIV from cheating on her. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people.

text: Add to the second sentence that she is bitter because she too has HIV.

refinement: The woman in black mourns her loss of love and life, having lost everything she wanted after finding out her husband contracted HIV from cheating on her. She is now bitter and feels disgust towards 'healthy' people because she has to live with HIV herself.

answer: The woman in black is grieving the end of her marriage and her unborn child. She finds out she's HIV-positive and remembers happier times with her husband. She now detests healthy people with their lives and wishes she had the opportunities they now possess.

text: Combine the first two sentences.

refinement: The woman in black is grieving the end of her marriage and her unborn child, having found out she's HIV-positive, and remembers happier times with her husband. She now detests healthy people with their lives and wishes she had the opportunities they now possess.

text: Add the husband's infidelity and death, to make it clear that the marriage didn't end because she alone had HIV.

refinement: The woman in black is grieving the end of her marriage and her unborn child, having found out she's HIV-positive from her late husband's infidelity, and remembers happier times with her husband. She now detests healthy people with their lives and wishes she had the opportunities they now possess.

text: For flow, replace the second use of 'her husband' with 'him'

refinement: The woman in black is grieving the end of her marriage and her unborn child, having found out she's HIV-positive from her late husband's infidelity, and remembers happier times with him. She now detests healthy people with their lives and wishes she had the opportunities they now possess.

text: For clarity, remove 'now' from the final sentence; she no longer has the opportunities, but other healthy people have still always had them.

refinement: The woman in black is grieving the end of her marriage and her unborn child, having found out she's HIV-positive from her late husband's infidelity, and remembers happier times with him. She now detests healthy people with their lives and wishes she had the opportunities they possess.

answer: The woman in black laments her lost life. She discovered her husband was having an affair, and was diagnosed with HIV.

text: Add that she discovered the affair when they were both diagnosed with HIV.

refinement: The woman in black laments her lost life. She discovered her husband was having an affair when they were both diagnosed with HIV.

text: Add that her husband died as a result of the HIV.

refinement: The woman in black laments her lost life. She discovered her husband was having an affair when they were both diagnosed with HIV, and he has died as a result.


text:
RHACHIBEROTHIDAE, sometimes called THORNY LACEWINGS, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. The family has only 14 extant species in 4 genera found in Sub-Saharan Africa, but has a diverse fossil record extending back to the Early Cretaceous in Lebanon (then part of North Gondwana), Eurasia and North America.[1]

Long included in the Berothidae (beaded lacewings), they are usually considered a separate family by current authors. Another closely related group are the mantidflies (Mantispidae), and at least some of the probably paraphyletic group of fossil forms collectively called “Mesithonidae” also seem to be quite close.

Taxonomy

-   Rhachiberothidae Tjeder, 1959
    -   †Paraberothinae Nel _et al_., 2005
        -   †_Acanthoberotha_ Nakamine et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Albertoberotha_ McKellar & Engel, 2009 Canadian amber, Campanian
        -   †_Alboberotha_ Nel _et al_., 2005 Charentese amber, France, Cenomanian
        -   †_Astioberotha_ Nakamine et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Chimerhachiberotha_ Nel _et al_., 2005 Lebanese amber, Barremian
        -   †_Creagroparaberotha_ Makarkin, 2015 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Eorhachiberotha_ Engel, 2004 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Kujiberotha_ Nakamine & Yamamoto, 2018 Kuji amber, Japan, Santonian
        -   †_Micromantispa_ Shi _et al_., 2015 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Paraberotha_ Whalley, 1980 Lebanese amber, Barremian
        -   †_Raptorapax_ Petrulevicius _et al_., 2010 Lebanese amber, Barremian
        -   †_Retinoberotha_ Schlüter, 1978 Bezonnais amber, France, Cenomanian
        -   †_Rhachibermissa_ Grimaldi, 2000 New Jersey amber, Turonian
        -   †_Scoloberotha_ Engel & Grimaldi, 2008 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Spinoberotha_ Nel _et al_., 2005 Lebanese amber, Barremian
        -   †_Stygioberotha_ Nakamine et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
        -   †_Uranoberotha_ Nakamine et al, 2020 Burmese amber, Cenomanian
    -   Rhachiberothinae Tjeder, 1959
        -   _Hoelzeliella_ Aspöck & Aspöck, 1997
        -   _Mucroberotha_ Tjeder, 1959
        -   _Rhachiberotha_ Tjeder, 1959
        -   _Rhachiella_ Aspöck, Aspöck, Johnson, Donga & Duelli, 2020
        -   †_Whalfera_ Engel, 2004 Baltic amber, Eocene
    -   _Incertae sedis_
        -   †_Oisea_ Nel _et al_., 2005 Oise amber, France, Ypresian

[1]

title: Rhachiberothidae

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about what constituted the Thorny Lacewings' diet?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The text doesn't say.

answer: The information isn't found in the text.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Rhachiberothidae?

answer: Rhachiberothidae are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa and has a diverse fossil record. Rhachiberothidae, sometimes called thorny lacewings, are also related to Mantispidae and Mesithonidae. The family can be found in four genera, the Anthoberotha, Arechihaiberotha, Cabroathugathugarum and Spigoberotha.

answer: Rhachiberothidae are sometimes called thorny lacewings. They are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. They have 14 species in 4 genera (found in Sub-Saharan Africa), but have a diverse fossil record that extends back to the Early Cretaceous in Lebanon.

answer: Rhachiberothidae are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa and has a diverse fossil record. Rhachiberothidae, sometimes called thorny lacewings, are also related to Mantispidae and Mesithonidae.

text: Grammatical error

refinement: Rhachiberothidae are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa and have a diverse fossil record. Rhachiberothidae, sometimes called thorny lacewings, are also related to Mantispidae and Mesithonidae.

text: Does not answer the question in full

refinement: Rhachiberothidae is a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. The family has 14 extant species in 4 genera found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The family has a diverse fossil record extending back to the Early Cretaceous in Lebanon, Eurasia, and North America.

answer: Rhachiberothidae is a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. The family has 14 extant species in 4 genera found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The family has a diverse fossil record extending back to the Early Cretaceous in Lebanon, Eurasia, and North America.

answer: Rhachiberothidae, sometimes called thorny lacewings, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. The family has only 14 extant species in 4 genera found in Sub-Saharan Africa, but has a diverse fossil record extending back to the Early Cretaceous in Lebanon (then part of North Gondwana), Eurasia and North America.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the relationship between Rhachiberothidae, Berothidae, and Mantispidae?

answer: Rhachiberothidae and Berothidae may be a separate family. Their fossil record is contemporary with Berothidae, however, meaning there is not enough evidence to state if Rhachiberothidae fully split from Berothidae, or if Rhachiberothidae is related to Berothidae instead.

answer: Berothidae is the family which contains both the rhachiberothidae and mantidflies. Mantispidae, also in Berothidae, is said to be very closely related to them. Despite this, it is normally described as a different family. According to current authors, the anatomical similarities between Berothidae and Rhachiberothidae is quite impressive, while in mentalities they seem quite different.

answer: Rhachiberothidae is considered a separate family by current authors. It is closely related to the Mantispidae. The relationship between Rhachiberothidae and Berothidae is not clear, but the two groups are thought to be closely related.

text: Though the Rhachiberothidae falls into the Berothidae the authors consider them a separate family

refinement: Though the Rhachiberothidae falls into the Berothidae family, Rhachiberothidae is considered a separate family by current authors. It is closely related to the Mantispidae.

answer: Berothidae is the family which contains both the rhachiberothidae and mantidflies. Mantispidae, also in Berothidae, is said to be very closely related to them despite its their taxonomy being described as separate from Berothidae.

answer: Rhachiberothidae may be a separate family from Berothidae (beaded lacewings). Their fossil record is contemporary with Berothidae, however, meaning there is not enough evidence to state if Rhachiberothidae fully split from Berothidae, or if Rhachiberothidae is related to Berothidae instead.

text: This fails to answer the question in full

refinement: Though the Rhachiberothidae falls into the Berothidae family, Rhachiberothidae is considered a separate family by current authors. It is closely related to the Mantispidae.

answer: Rhachiberothidae are considered a separate family from Berothidae by current authors. Berothidae are also called beaded lacewings. Mantispidae are another closely related group. At least some of the fossil forms collectively called "Mesithonidae" seem to be quite close to Rhachiberothidae.