text:
NICOLAS CARONE (June 4, 1917 – July 15, 2010) belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists. Their artistic innovation by the 1950s had been recognized internationally, including in London and Paris. New York School Abstract Expressionism, represented by Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Conrad Marca-Relli and others, became a leading art movement of the postwar era.

Biography

Carone was born June 4, 1917 into an Italian-American family in New York City. They moved to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he grew up. He began formal art studies at the age of eleven at the Leonardo da Vinci School located at St. Mark's Church on E. 10th St. He studied at the National Academy of Design under Leon Kroll, Art Students League of New York, Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts.

In 1941 he won the Rome Prize and in 1949 a Fulbright Fellowship. Both gave him an opportunity to study art in Italy. During his time in Italy after World War II, he came into personal contact with important Italian painters, particularly Giorgio Morandi.

After returning to the US, Carone continued to paint and exhibited works in the 9th Street Art Exhibition in 1951. Along with other first generation abstract expressionists, he also showed his work at the Stable Gallery.[1] Carone was a part of the Abstract Expressionist movement, which relied heavily on Surrealism, poetry, and interpretations of Jungian psychology. He was a good friend of Jackson Pollock, a noted abstract painter. He was later interviewed by authors Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith for their biography, _Jackson Pollock: An American Saga_.

Nicolas Carone's work is in the collections of museums including the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Baltimore Museum of Art, and the Mobile Museum of Art. Recent exhibits of his work were held at the Washburn Gallery in New York City from February 2 to March 31, 2012,[2] and the Watson MacRae Gallery in South Florida from March 2 to April 3, 2010.[3] His work was exhibited by a number of galleries, including at the Anita Shapolsky Gallery, Frumkin Gallery, Stable Gallery, and Staempfli Gallery.[4]

Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Brandeis University, Cornell University, Cooper Union, School of Visual Arts, and Skowhegan School. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture, where he taught for 25 years. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art, located first in Todi, Italy and then in Nearby Montecastello. Carone was consulted by dealers, collectors and film makers regarding his expertise on Arshile Gorky and Pollock, including for the films _Pollock_, starring Ed Harris, and _Who the *$&% Is Jackson Pollock?_[5]

He died July 15, 2010 at the age of 93.[6][7][8]

[1] _New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,_ (New York School Press, 2000.) , pp.16, 19

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] “Nicolas Carone: Jazz, Poetry, and Jackson Pollock”, Fine Art Investigations blog, 2 May 2012

[6] Lindsay Pollock News, _Painter Nicholas Carone 1917–2010_ Retrieved July 21, 2010

[7]

[8] https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/29/arts/design/29carone.html

title: Nicolas Carone

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Carone's education?

answer: Carone received a formal education at the Leonardo da Vinci School, the National Academy of Design, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He also achieved success internationally as part of the New York School Abstract Expressionist movement.

text: Carone's success is irrelevant.

refinement: Carone received a formal education at the Leonardo da Vinci School, the National Academy of Design, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts.

text: The answer omits Carona's Fulbright Fellowship.

refinement: Carone received a formal education at the Leonardo da Vinci School, the National Academy of Design, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He received a Fulbright Fellowship in 1949.

answer: Carone studied at Leonardo da Vinci School in NYC for art education. He later got a Fulbright Fellowship. He attended the National Academy of Design, the Art Students League of NY, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts.

text: Carone's Fulbright fellowship should be mentioned later to preserve temporal order.

refinement: Carone studied at Leonardo da Vinci School in NYC for art education. He attended the National Academy of Design, the Art Students League of NY, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He later got a Fulbright Fellowship.

answer: Carone studied for school at the Leonardo da Vinci School and continued to study art at several other schools in New York City. He won the Rome Prize, which took him to study in Italy. After his scholarship dried up, he returned to the U.S. and resumed painting. Carone received Fulbright Fellowship that allowed him to study in Italy.

text: We don't know if Carone's Rome Prize scholarship was over or not.

refinement: Carone studied for school at the Leonardo da Vinci School and continued to study art at several other schools in New York City. He won the Rome Prize, which took him to study in Italy. Later in 1949, Carone received Fulbright Fellowship that allowed him to study in Italy.

answer: Carone began his formal art studies at the age of eleven at the Leonardo da Vinci School located at St. Mark's Church on E. 10th St. He studied at the National Academy of Design under Leon Kroll, Art Students League of New York, Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. In 1941, he won the Rome Prize and in 1949, he won a Fullbright Fellowship, which game him an opportunity to study art in Italy.

answer: Carone studied art at the Leonardo da Vinci School, the National Academy of Design, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He received a Fulbright Fellowship and a Rome Prize. Carone was also an important member of the New York School Abstract Expressionist movement.

text: Carona's role in the New York School Abstract Expressionist movement is irrelevant.

refinement: Carone studied art at the Leonardo da Vinci School, the National Academy of Design, the Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. He received a Fulbright Fellowship and a Rome Prize.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Carone's teaching?

answer: The text indicates that Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Brandeis University, Cornell University, and the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture.

text: The answer omits the schools Carone was involved in founding.

refinement: The text indicates that Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Brandeis University, Cornell University, and the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. He taught for 25 years at the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture, where he was a founding member. He founded the International School of Art in 1988.

answer: Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Brandeis University, Cornell University, Cooper Union, School of Visual Arts, and Skowhegan School. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture, where he taught for 25 years. And in 1988, he founded the International School of Art.

answer: Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Forme Debs University, Cornell University, Cooper Union, School of Visual Arts, and Skowhegan School. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture. In 1988, he founded the International School of Art in Todi, Italy, and then Montecastello.

answer: Carone taught at universities including Yale University, Columbia University, Brandeis University, Cornell University, Cooper Union, and the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. He founded the International School of Art.

answer: Nicolas Carone taught at universities, schools and art academies. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Abstract Expressionists. Nicolas Carone went to the Rome Academy of Art for another degree and was inspired by Giorgio Morandi's work. When he returned to New York in 1948 he became a foundational artist behind Abstract Expressionism. Carone was a master at teaching others and had decades-long positions with teaching. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art in Italy, teaching there until his death.

text: The events alleged to have happened in 1948 aren't mentioned in the article.

refinement: Nicolas Carone taught at universities, schools and art academies. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Abstract Expressionists. Nicolas Carone went to the Rome Academy of Art for another degree and was inspired by Giorgio Morandi's work. Carone was a master at teaching others and had decades-long positions with teaching. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art in Italy, teaching there until his death.

text: Stating Carone to be a master teacher is not attested to by the text.

refinement: Nicolas Carone taught at universities, schools and art academies. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Abstract Expressionists. Nicolas Carone went to the Rome Academy of Art for another degree and was inspired by Giorgio Morandi's work. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art in Italy, teaching there until his death.

text: The answer omits Carona's school in New York.

refinement: Nicolas Carone taught at universities, schools and art academies. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Abstract Expressionists. Nicolas Carone went to the Rome Academy of Art for another degree and was inspired by Giorgio Morandi's work. He was a founding member of the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture, where he taught for 25 years. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art in Italy, teaching there until his death.

text: The text doesn't mention how long Carona taught at the International School of Art.

refinement: Nicolas Carone taught at universities, schools and art academies. He was a founding faculty member of the New York Abstract Expressionists. Nicolas Carone went to the Rome Academy of Art for another degree and was inspired by Giorgio Morandi's work. He was a founding member of the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture, where he taught for 25 years. In 1988 he founded the International School of Art in Italy.


split: train

text:
A chill runs down my spine as I walk across the dew-covered lawn towards the place I hate most. Weaving through the gravestones, I reach my destination. I come here once a week; in all the years since Mother died, not a single Thursday has gone by in which I have not visited her grave. The thing is, I hate doing it. But now, I have more reason than ever to come here. It brings back painful memories; growing up during the Big War without a father was tough, but Mother and I always managed. We were happy, the two of us. The year Mother got sick was one of the worst of my life. I was only twelve. She spent most of her last days in the hospital; the times she was allowed to be at home, she spent in bed. While she was sick, I thought it must be impossible for me to feel more alone than I did. The day she died proved me wrong.
I slowly kneel down in front of Mother’s tombstone. Clouds shift in the sky and the sun is brought out from its confines, rays of its warm light shining through the fog that covers the cemetery. I bow my head in a silent prayer, thinking about this place that brings me so much pain. Behind me, I hear the soft crunch of leaves. I don’t turn around, or even open my eyes; I know who it is, the one who interrupts my time with Mother. “You shouldn’t keep coming here,” She says softly. “It hurts you so much. Why do you keep returning?” I don’t answer immediately. I don’t want to face her. I know that that time will come, but I don’t want it to be now. “I have to come here,” I murmur, barely able to get the words out. “I miss her so much. I feel like she’s here with me when I spend time here. Like she knows I’m visiting her.” Jane sighs. My lovely Jane; I can tell she’s frustrated. “Peter, come home with me. You can’t stay here. You’ll go mad with grief.” Jane’s voice is weak; she sounds close to tears. The emotion in her voice nearly breaks me. The love I feel for Jane is insurmountable; it far exceeds that which I had felt for my mother. To hear such pain in her voice kills me a little inside. But I don’t turn to face her. “Leave me alone, Jane.” I say tersely. I hate speaking harshly to her, but this is becoming unbearable. “You shouldn’t even be here. You can’t be here.” Complete silence suffocates the gravesite. I am certain that Jane is crying by now, even though I cannot hear it.
“Peter,” She whispers, her voice racked with sobs. “Please come home. I miss you so much.” Tears start to leak out of my eyes, despite me shutting them as tightly as I could. I try to control my heart rate, but it’s becoming more and more sporadic with every breath. “Jane,” I whisper. “I’m not going home. That house is empty. There’s no longer anything for me to live for.” “No,” She gasps, now sobbing more loudly. “Why on Earth would you say that, Peter?” “Mother is gone.” I say, finally turning to face my wife. “And now, my love… you are too.” Staring in the direction of Jane’s voice, I see only a withered gravestone. My wrinkled hands shake as they come up to pull at my shock of white hair; I fall to my knees and weep.

title: Gravely

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the main theme of this story.

answer: The theme is grief and death. The narrator, Peter, talks about feeling alone, and the effects something they call the Big War had on him and his family. Peter's psyche seems fractured; it's as if they are reeling in an interstitial place between life and death. They don't seem to know why they are still physically here on earth. Their mother has died, and it seems a lot of people he has known have also died. In the end, while visiting his mother's gravestone, it is made apparent to the reader that Peter's wife is also deceased, and that her headstone is in that very cemetery.

text: The response has inconsistent pronoun usage.

refinement: The theme is grief and death. The narrator, Peter, talks about feeling alone, and the effects something he calls the Big War had on him and his family. Peter's psyche seems fractured; it's as if he is reeling in an interstitial place between life and death. He doesn't seem to know why they are still physically here on earth. His mother has died, and it seems a lot of people he has known have also died. In the end, while visiting his mother's gravestone, it is made apparent to the reader that Peter's wife is also deceased, and that her headstone is in that very cemetery.

answer: Peter mourns for his mother and dead wife.

text: While technically correct, the response could clarify and expand upon the themes of the story.

refinement: The story is about grief. Peter mourns for his mother and dead wife, and feels like there is nothing left for him to live for.

answer: The main theme of this story is the importance and power of grief. Even though visiting the gravesite of one's loved one brings pain and anguish, Peter insists on returning each week. Without his mother's presence, the rest of his life feels meaningless. When Jane pleads with him to come home, he refuses; in his heart, he knows that there is nothing there for him anymore.

answer: This story deals with grief and temporary loss of perception. There is both the death of a mother and the specter of this mother visiting her son at her death bed and speak to him from her gravestone. While the mother is mentioned and present from the start of the story, the specter of Jane, the woman the narrator pines for, his wife, and she haunts him during his grief. The long-term grief and temporary disturbances of perception are both important themes in the story and are connected by showing differing passages where the same time interval, it seems to vary, between the narrator seeing Jane in the graveyard and also in his home, which is no longer his home.

text: The story does not really deal with the loss of perception, but it does deal with grief.

refinement: This story deals with grief. There is both the death of a mother and the specter of this mother visiting her son at her death bed and speak to him from her gravestone. While the mother is mentioned and present from the start of the story, the specter of Jane, the woman the narrator pines for, his wife, and she haunts him during his grief.

text: The response uses confusing sentence structure.

refinement: This story deals with grief. The narrator's mother died and he thinks of her at her deathbed. While the mother is mentioned and present from the start of the story, the specter of Jane, his wife, haunts him during his grief towards the end.

answer: The main theme of this story is the grief and emptiness that comes from losing a loved one. Despite being urged by his wife to come home, the protagonist chooses to stay at the cemetery, mourning the passing of both his mother and wife. He feels that there is nothing left for him but grief.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the plot twist in the story.

answer: The protagonist visits his mother's grave every Thursday, but after she passes away, while visiting she sees Jane has also passed away. This is a painful twist in his life and makes him realize there is nothing left for him.

text: The response does not make grammatical sense.

refinement: The protagonist visits his mother's grave every Thursday after she passes away, and while visiting he sees Jane has also passed away. This is a painful twist in his life and makes him realize there is nothing left for him.

text: The response does not adequately address the plot twist.

refinement: The protagonist visits his mother's grave every Thursday after she passes away, and while visiting he hears Jane, his wife, comforting him. At the end of the story, it is revealed to the reader that Jane has also passed away, and she was either in his head or a ghost.

answer: During his visit to his mother's headstone, Peter has been arguing-seemingly in his head-with his wife, Jane, who urges him to return to their house, which is feeling too empty. Peter is terse with her though he knows that she means well. In the end, however, when he looks in the direction of her voice, his sight rests on the gravestone of Jane. Jane is dead and has been dead this whole time, though the reader is not made privy to how long or to what extent Peter has suppressed this reality.

answer: Peter visits his mother's grave each Thursday even though he hates it. The day Jane arrives, however, she discovers that his mother has passed away and his love for her has since been replaced with immense grief. Jane asks Peter to come home with her, but he refuses, claiming there is nothing left for him to live for. Jane then fades away before his eyes and he realizes she is dead.

text: The response gets some details of the story wrong.

refinement: Peter visits his mother's grave each Thursday even though he hates it. His love for her has since been replaced with immense grief. Jane, Peter's wife, asks Peter to come home with her, but he refuses, claiming there is nothing left for him to live for. It is then revealed to the reader that Jane has been dead this whole time as well, she was either in his head or a ghost.

answer: The narrator thinks he is talking to his wife Jane, but he is only talking to a gravestone that reads "Jane". This means that his wife, who he loves so much, is really dead.

answer: Soon after Jane, who is alive, arrives to tell Peter to stop visiting his late mother's grave, he thinks she isn't there and realizes that Jane, who hasn't died, isn't there anymore.

text: The response contains inaccurate information.

refinement: Jane arrives to tell Peter to stop visiting his late mother's grave. Peter thinks she is there and realizes that Jane isn't there anymore.

text: The response does not address the plot twist.

refinement: Jane arrives to tell Peter to stop visiting his late mother's grave. Peter talks to her, but it is revealed later that she is dead, and she was either in his head or a ghost.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does this story have to say about grief?

answer: The story illustrates the profound, consuming nature of grief. In the face of such immense sorrow, it is understandable that some would struggle to hold themselves together. Even though love can provide some measure of hope and healing in the aftermath of loss, nothing can replace the emptiness felt in the absence of the person who was once beloved.

answer: This story mostly says that grief is largely immutable and unchangeable. It does not seem to matter that Peter knows his mother will never come back; nor does it seem to matter that he is self-aware regarding torturing himself by indulging his grief in these habitual ways. His grief even attempts to suppress of his wife, whose voice is urging him to return home. In the end, his grief even clouds-if not entirely veils-the fact that Jane, too, is deceased, and her grave is right there, within his line of sight.

text: The response contains inaccurate information. Peter knows his wife is dead.

refinement: This story mostly says that grief is largely immutable and unchangeable. It does not seem to matter that Peter knows his mother will never come back; nor does it seem to matter that he is self-aware regarding torturing himself by indulging his grief in these habitual ways.

answer: This story describes the experience of a man named Peter on the anniversary of his mother's death. Peter is mourning the death of his mother but also grieving the loss of his wife, Jane. This story dramatizes the experience of confronting reality. It also shows how one can still love a former partner who has passed away. There are many signs which point to the fact that Peter's grief and longing for Jane is becoming obsessional. Throughout the story, he doesn't want Jane to follow him to his mother's grave, because in his mind, the two women are inseparable. However, during the narrator's trip to the grave, Jane approaches him saying that he won't make it back. The author has set things up to make us conclude that Peter is deteriorating. Jane pleads with Peter to come to the house and talk with her, but Peter refuses, asking her to leave him alone, which he hates saying to his wife. Peter loses composure and believes Jane to be a gravestone at the cemetery. These unexpected reactions point to a failing mental state, causing readers to think that this man is beginning to lose his grip on reality. These include the fact that he says he'll never come home again to their house, because in his mind, he doesn't want to leave his mother, who is in death, along with Jane, who has unexpectedly passed away to an unknown disease, because he blamed Jane for her sickness. Throughout the story we come to learn that Peter has a love for his mother and Jane, but the two seem to be indistinguishable. We are left to draw the conclusion that this man is gravely distraught, and the visit to the grave was the tipping point for Peter. Hints throughout the story of how their home is empty and how both his mother and Jane were inseparable in his mind and heart, it is easy to see how he could lose track of reality over time when he is this distraught. Setting aside that time he thinks Jane is a gravestone at the cemetery, he says "now, my love...you are too." We can see this man is deteriorating because of much grief and loneliness in his life. Leaving Jane behind to question on her remains has worsened the course of events. Because of this, we've come to understand that Peter is suffering from grave-yard dementia.

text: The response contains wildly inaccurate information and repeats itself.

refinement: This story describes the experience of a man named Peter on the anniversary of his mother's death. Peter is mourning the death of his mother but also grieving the loss of his wife, Jane. This story dramatizes the experience of confronting reality. It also shows how one can still love a former partner who has passed away.

answer: This story shows how heart-rending and destructive grief can be. The grief the narrator has feels overwhelming, and they feel they are drifting away from everyone and everything they love apart from their mother's memory. Peter thought he and his mother understood each other, but now she is gone, he finds there is nothing else he wants to live for, as Jane, his lover, has also died and his home is deserted. They loved each other so much and no one is there for them and he has nothing left. it seems that language does not capture the depths of this pain, and only the greatest of losses could cause something like this.

text: The response contains baseless conjectures.

refinement: This story shows how heart-rending and destructive grief can be. The grief the narrator has feels overwhelming, and they feel they are drifting away from everyone and everything they love apart from their mother's memory. Peter thought he and his mother understood each other, but now she is gone, he finds there is nothing else he wants to live for, as Jane, his lover, has also died and his home is deserted. They loved each other so much and no one is there for them and he has nothing left.

answer: The story's assertion is that grief is a painful and inescapable part of life, something that cannot be reasoned with or avoided. Even though it pains him greatly, the protagonist must come to the place where his mother is buried to feel close to her. In the moments after Jane tells him to leave the cemetery, he realizes that even though his mother and wife are gone, he must continue to embrace and feel the pain of grief.


text:
LYUDMYLA LEONTIIVNA DENISOVA[1] (; ) (born July 6, 1960 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labor and Social Policy who on 15 March 2018 was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[2][3]

Biography

Raised by her mother Nina Ivanovna Ankudinova (born 1934) in Arkhangelsk Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).[4]

Professional career

Denisova was a teacher at a preschool in the Russian city of Arkhangelsk (school №78, 1979–80).[5] For the next nine years Denisova held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court.[6] In 1989, she moved to Ukraine and became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine (1990–91).[7] From 1991 she worked in the Republic of Crimea's Administration of the pension fund until 1998.[8]

Political career

In 1998 Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.[9] In Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was named Politician of the Year in 2001. In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours and charged with power abuse.[10] Denisova has stated she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document.[11] This criminal case was soon closed.[12]

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) since 2005.[13] During the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament).

Minister

On December 18, 2007, Yulia Tymoshenko, with a margin of two votes, was elected Prime Minister.[14] and the second Tymoshenko Government was formed between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in which Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy.

In October 2009 Denisova was ranked 15th in a top 100 of “most influential women in Ukraine” compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus (six places lower than non-minister and fellow Batkivshchina member Natalia Korolevska).[15]

2010 Crimean parliamentary election

Denisova headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election.[16] Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[17]

2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Denisova was placed at number 38 on the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[18] She was re-elected into parliament.[19]

2nd minister post

On 27 February 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government.[20]

In September 2014 Denisova became a founding member of her new party People's Front.[21]

2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Denisova was re-elected into parliament placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front.[22][23][24]

On 15 March 2018 the Ukrainian parliament elected Denisova Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[25]

[1]  Short bio, LIGA

[2] https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/15/7174734/

[3] Maidan nominates Yatseniuk for prime minister, Interfax-Ukraine (26 February 2014)
Ukrainian parliament endorses new cabinet, Interfax-Ukraine (27 February 2014)

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Новый состав Кабмина принят единогласно , news.mediaport.ua

[10] Is She Next?, Kyiv Post (September 3, 2010)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]  Рейтинг Фокуса: 100 самых влиятельных женщин и 100 деталей о них , Focus

[16] Liudmyla Denisova heads electoral list of Crimean branch of Batkivschyna Party, Kyiv Post (September 30, 2010)

[17]  Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)

[18] They Call Themselves the Opposition, The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012)

[19]  Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)

[20]

[21] Yatseniuk elected head of political council of People's Front Party , Demotix (9 September 2014)

[22] Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament , Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)

[23]  Full electoral list of “Fatherland” , TVi (15 September 2014)

[24]  Electoral list of People's Front, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 September 2014)

[25]

title: Lyudmyla Denisova

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's education?

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The answer does not mention when Denisova graduated.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989), and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, then the Leningrad State University in 1989, and finally the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She completed her state certification at the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: It might be true, but the article does not mention that she completed her state certification.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She graduated from the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: Might be true, but the article does not mention that she completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She graduated from the Leningrad State University. She graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The three short sentences should be combined into one sentence

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The answer does not mention when Denisova graduated.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School and the Leningrad State University.

text: It is omitted that she graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The answer does not say when Denisova graduated.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989), and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995)

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

text: a punctuation error: a missing comma before 'and'

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989), and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's political career?

answer: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as a teacher and moving on to various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It is not relevant for the question that Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as a teacher and moving on to various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. It should be omitted.

refinement: In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It is omitted that Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: The article does not say when Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. She was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It is omitted that Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: Should be 'She was re-elected' instead of 'She re-elected'.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She was re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

answer:
As Minister of Finance she held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court between 1979 and 1990. Following that, Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: It is not correct that she held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court as Minister of Finance. That was before she become Minister of Finance. It is also irrelevant to the question so it should be omitted.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: The article does not say that she served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea to 2007.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: It is omitted that she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time and that she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine in 2018.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

She was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: a missing comma after 'Minister of Finance' and it should be 'the Supreme' instead of  'Supreme'.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.

She was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: extra spaces should be removed

refinement: In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998. In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down. Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea. She was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

answer: In 1998, Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was named Politician of the Year in 2001. She has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005, and during the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada. In 2009, she was ranked the 15th most influential woman in Ukraine. She was re-elected to parliament in 2012. In 2014, she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In the same year, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.


text:
Thinking back to the eighteenth century in London, a fairly heartsick John Spilsbury had as of late taken his stock of wood painted sheets all covered with the then present day and as of late mapped cartographers notion of the known world. Spilsbury thought this logical achievement showing the Empire's scope and workmanship was sure to fly off the racks of the instructive merchandiser vendors. Bad idea! In an attack of visually impaired fury he got near to a jigsaw and started to hack at the diabolical heaps of wood maps. In the event that I go, they go, was his temper. Wood everyplace, understanding the foolishness of this frenzy he started to get the residue of the splinters of wood strewn over his office floor fuming and hacking as he went. Interesting, he figured this could produce a fine inferno, anyway his sobriety had returned, sort of, and in a more rational phase, he sought after a more sound idea from his brain.

Fortunately he happened to get two pieces that used to be one and wasn't it entertaining how they fit together. Laugh on, enormous man, and out of the blue he understood that there was a huge amount of cash to be made by offering these scruffy odds and ends to the neighborhood work houses so the evil nuns could train their urchin charges the motivation behind why they were in gaol rather than their reprobate dads.

Jigsaw puzzles for adults

Today, grown-up jigsaw puzzles for adults are produced using completely interlocking puzzle pieces made of cardboard. This guarantees each astounding puzzle piece fits cozily into the correct area most assuredly. Gibsons utilize the capacities of craftsmen best-known for their point by point and sequentially exact vehicles and settings such as Terry Harrison. Terry not just paints interesting vehicles going back numerous decades, he also represents considerable authority in sensible delineations of sea side towns dotted all through the British Isles. Derek Roberts is another puzzle maker and has numerous such trifles in the Gibson's inventory. His hues are itemized and immersed and he reproduces excursions taken at British seaside towns as affectionately recalled vacationer scenes that are frequently interspersed up with nonexistent scenes. Derek's work is packed with vehicles like cable cars and transports just as autos and vans which are all very unmistakable to the vehicle lover. Kevin Walsh is another stickler for detail. Anybody intrigued by great British autos from their pinnacle will love Kevin's Jaguars, his MG's also his demandingly rendered icons of steam driven homestead vehicles and Cadbury vans made by the Morris Minor vehicle maker. A hilarious version of the occasionally humiliating conduct of people is spoken to in comical style by that ace of the animation perplex, Mike Jupp. Mike's work has been a pillar in the Gibsons list for over 10 years and he has twelve absurdly amusing riddles jam pressed with a wide range of gathering kookiness just as incalculable individual tricks. Not to be missed! Get your Gibsons jigsaw astounds in Canada at from our site at www.canadapuzzles.ca

All Gibsons jigsaw puzzles, paying much respect to the period recalled, show people (and family pets) having a most magical and astounding passage of  time and interfacing with each other inside or outside, especially at Christmas time. Every year Gibsons present numerous Christmas bewilderments generally painted by Marcello Corti who has turned into an ace of the Christmas Eve town scene.

1000 piece puzzles

Whatever your puzzle fancy is most assuredly akin to gentle puzzler aficianado, it is Gibsons intention whereby to make evident your enjoyment is not curtailed by poor puzzle pictures. Memories and fun will abound but make sure to localise your puzzle search no further afield than www.canadapuzzles.ca. For Christmas puzzles this year, here are some very attractive scenes: G2019 Secret Santa is one brilliant example of the Gibsons Christmas puzzle range and how about I Love Christmas by Mike Jupp another 1000 piece puzzles masterpiece. There are dozens of Gibsons Christmas puzzles to choose from. Jigsaw puzzles for adults really includes all the Gibsons puzzles although, perhaps, the larger piece puzzles might prove suitable for younger puzzlers. Many of the puzzles are also of the extra large piece variety as well as the multiple box set such as Village Celebrations which is a 2 x 500 box set. Lets not forget that there's even a 2000 piece puzzle for Christmas: Christmas Toy Shop (G8016).

All our orders are packed in the most sturdy and compliant boxes and are guarded jealously by their mode of transporter lest he come to part with his goodwill and his compensation.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to the 18th century in the piece.

answer: In the eighteenth century in London, an attack of visually impaired fury got John Spilsbury all near to a wood jigsaw and started to attack the diabolical heaps of wood maps. However this was a bad idea! In a more rational phase he had a sound idea from his brain. 'Fortunately, he happened to get two pieces that used to be one and wasn't it entertaining how they fit together.' He went ahead and understood a huge amount of cash to be made by offering these scruffy odds and ends to the neighborhood workhouses so that the evil nuns could train the urchins.

text: Wording should be changed for the sake of coherency as it does not read as grammatically correct.

refinement: In the eighteenth century in London, an attack of visually impaired fury cause John Spilsbury to attack his heaps of wood maps smashing them to pieces. Fortunately, he happened to get two pieces that used to be one and thought it entertaining how they fit together. He  understood a huge amount of cash was to be made by offering these scruffy odds and ends to the neighborhood workhouses.

answer: In the eighteenth century, John Spilsbury became angry and hacked at wood maps. After a different, more rational thought, he realized there was money to be made if these scraps of wood were given to work houses. All Gibsons jigsaw puzzles pay great respect to history and he created many Christmas-themed puzzles. All orders are mailed in sturdy and compliant boxes to ensure their safety while in transit.

text: Only the first half of the response is necessary.

refinement: In the eighteenth century, John Spilsbury became angry and hacked at wood maps. After a different, more rational thought, he realized there was money to be made if these scraps of wood were given to workhouses.

answer: The 18th century is discussed in the passage in terms of its cardboard puzzles for adults. The puzzles are made with interlocking pieces, which makes them particularly sturdy. Additionally, Gibsons takes measures to protect them from damage during transport, particularly during the Christmas season.

text: Too much superfluous detail, which is unnecessary for the question.

refinement: The 18th century is discussed in the passage in terms of John Spilsbury's invention of the cardboard puzzles. The puzzles are made with interlocking pieces, which makes them particularly sturdy.

answer: The story is told cartographer John Spilsbury in 18th century London, described as "fairly heartsick" who had just completed a series of maps of the world. Unfortunately he got too close to a jigsaw and ground them into bits! But then he worked to fit them back together again and discovered the pleasure of doing so. He realized there was an enormous business opportunity in selling such a thing.

text: Description of the initial destruction of his wooden maps is not correct.

refinement: The story is told cartographer John Spilsbury in 18th century London, described as "fairly heartsick" who had just completed a series of maps of the world. In a rage he destroyed his wooden maps But then he worked to fit them back together again and discovered the pleasure of doing so. He realized there was an enormous business opportunity in selling such a thing.

answer: John Spilsbury takes his stock of wood panels and starts to hack at maps of the known world.

text: The response does not complete the story told in the text.

refinement: In the 18th century, John Spilsbury takes his stock of wood panels and, in a rage, starts to hack at his maps of the known world. As he tried to pick up the pieces he found they slotted together, giving him the bright idea to sell the pieces to workhouses - creating the first jigsaw puzzles.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How are jigsaw puzzles produced today?

answer: Jigsaw puzzles today are made with interlocking pieces of cardboard which ensure their correct placement.

answer: All Gibsons jigsaw puzzles are produced using completely interlocking pieces made of cardboard. This ensures each challenging puzzle piece properly fits into the correct area.

answer: They are made of cardboard, so they are robust and easily transportable.

answer: Puzzles for adults are produced on interlocking pieces of cardboard. This guarantees each piece fits into the correct area. The company, Gibsons, utilize the capacities of the best craftsman, giving Terry Harrison as an exemplar.

text: Mention of Terry Harrison is unnecessary and effects the clarity of the answer.

refinement: Puzzles for adults are produced on interlocking pieces of cardboard. This guarantees each piece fits into the correct area.

answer: Gibsons uses the capacities of craftsmen best known for their point by point and sequentially exact vehicles and settings.

text: Does not answer the question.

refinement: Puzzles are produced using cardboard, which are cut to shape in order to slot together. The cardboard is robust which makes it easy to transport.


text:
Dozens of previously dismissed radio signals were actually credible transmissions from Amelia Earhart, according to a new study of the alleged post-loss signals from Earhart's plane. The transmissions started riding the air waves just hours after Earhart sent her last in-flight message.

The study, presented on Friday at a three day conference by researchers of The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR), sheds new light on what may have happened to the legendary aviator 75 years ago. The researchers plan to start a high-tech underwater search for pieces of her aircraft next July.

"Amelia Earhart did not simply vanish on July 2, 1937. Radio distress calls believed to have been sent from the missing plane dominated the headlines and drove much of the U.S. Coast Guard and Navy search," Ric Gillespie, executive director of TIGHAR, told Discovery News.

PHOTOS: JARS HINT AT AMELIA EARHART CASTAWAY PRESENCE

"When the search failed, all of the reported post-loss radio signals were categorically dismissed as bogus and have been largely ignored ever since," he added.

Using digitized information management systems, antenna modeling software, and radio wave propagation analysis programs, TIGHAR re-examined all the 120 known reports of radio signals suspected or alleged to have been sent from the Earhart aircraft after local noon on July 2, 1937 through July 18, 1937, when the official search ended.

They concluded that 57 out of the 120 reported signals are credible.

"The results of the study suggest that the aircraft was on land and on its wheels for several days following the disappearance," Gillespie said.

TRACKING EARHART'S TRANSMISSIONS
Earhart used radio transmissions on her last flight on July 2, 1937, during her record attempt to fly around the world at the equator.

At 07:42 local time, as she flew toward the target destination, Howland Island in the Pacific, with her navigator Fred Noonan, Earhart called the Coast Guard cutter Itasca, stationed at Howland Island to support her flight.

“We must be on you, but cannot see you — but gas is running low. Have been unable to reach you by radio. We are flying at 1,000 feet,” she said.

NEWS: EARHART'S ANTI-FRECKLE OINTMENT JAR POSSIBLY RECOVERED

Earhart's final in-flight radio message occurred a hour later, at 08:43.

“We are on the line 157 337. We will repeat this message. We will repeat this on 6210 kilocycles. Wait,” she said.

According to TIGHAR, the numbers 157 and 337 refer to compass headings — 157 degrees and 337 degrees — and describe a navigation line that passed not only Howland Island, the target destination, but also Gardner Island, now called Nikumaroro.

This uninhabited atoll in the southwestern Pacific republic of Kiribati is where TIGHAR believes Earhart and Noonan landed safely and ultimately died as castaways.

According to TIGHAR's hypothesis, Earhart would have used the aircraft's radio to make distress calls for several days until the plane was washed over the reef and disappeared before Navy searchers flew over the area.

DETAILED ANALYSIS DONE
TIGHAR built a detailed catalog and analysis of all the reported post-loss radio signals, and selected the credible ones based on their frequencies.

PHOTOS: AMELIA EARHART

Transmissions from Earhart's Electra (NR16020) were possible on three primary frequencies: 3105 kHz, 6210 kHz and 500 kHz. For the latter, however, there were no reported post loss signals.

On her world flight, Earhart transmitted on 3105 kHz at night, and 6210 kHz during daylight, using her 50-watt WE-13C transmitter.

The Itasca transmitted on 3105 kHz, but did not have voice capability on 6210 kHz.

Under favorable propagation conditions, it was possible for aircraft operating on the U.S. West Coast at night to be heard on 3105 kHz in the central Pacific. Indeed, the Itasca reported hearing such signals on one occasion.

There were three 50-watt Morse code radio stations in Nicaragua that could be heard on a receiver tuned to 3105 kHz, but the stations sent only code, not voice.

Moreover, all transport aircraft in the area used assigned route frequencies, instead of 3105 kHz.

"Therefore, other than Itasca, Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz," said Gillespie.

SPURIOUS CLAIMS IDENTIFIED
Although several of the analyzed post-loss signal reports were determined to be hoaxes, Gillespie ruled out the hypothesis of an illegal transmitter "given the numerous constraints militating against successfully perpetrating a signal transmission hoax."

"We do not really have hoax transmissions but rather reports from people who, for whatever reason, claimed to have heard something they did not hear," Gillespie said.

To make multiple transmissions, the Electra plane needed to run the right-hand, generator-equipped engine to recharge the batteries.

"The safest procedure is to transmit only when the engine is running, and battery power is required to start the engine," said Gillespie. "To run the engine, the propeller must be clear of obstructions, and water level must never reach the transmitter."

To verify the hypothesis that the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef, TIGHAR researchers analyzed tidal condition on the island from 2 to 9 July 1937, the week following Earhart disappearance. It emerged that transmission of credible signals occurred in periods during which the water level on the reef was low enough to permit engine operation.

FOUR MESSAGES OF PARTICULAR INTEREST
According to Gillespie, at least four radio signals are of particular interest, as they were simultaneously heard by more than one station.

The first signal, made when the pilot had been officially missing for just five hours, was received by the Itasca, and two other ships, the HMS Achilles and the SS New Zealand Star.

The Itasca logged, “We hear her on 3105 now — very weak and unreadable/ fone” and asked Earhart to send Morse code dashes.

The Achilles did not hear “very weak and unreadable” voice, but heard Itasca’s request and heard dashes in response. The SS New Zealand only heard the response dashes.

In other cases, credible sources in widely separated locations in the U.S., Canada and the central Pacific, reported hearing a woman requesting help. She spoke English, and in some cases said she was identified as Amelia Earhart.

In one case, on July 5, the U.S. Navy Radio at Wailupe, Honolulu heard a garbled Morse code: “281 north Howland - call KHAQQ - beyond north — won’t hold with us much longer — above water — shut off.”

At the same time, an amateur radio operator in Melbourne, Australia, reported having heard a "strange” code which included KHAQQ, Amelia's call sign.

According to Gillespie, the reanalysis of the credible post-loss signals supports the hypothesis that they were sent by Earhart’s Electra from a point on the reef at Nikumaroro, about a quarter-mile north of the shipwreck of the British freighter SS Norwich City.

"The results of the study show a body of evidence which might be the forgotten key to the mystery. It is the elephant in the room that has gone unacknowledged for nearly 75 years," said Gillespie.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did researchers find out about Amelia Earheart?

answer: Her plane had not simply vanished. They think it made a landing on water and that the two people on board were safe and alive for a few days or weeks.

text: This omits the radio signals as credible transmissions which led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days.

refinement: Through radio signals used as credible transmissions researchers were led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days. Her plane had not simply vanished. They think it made a landing on water and that the two people on board were safe and alive for a few days or weeks.

answer: She did not simply vanish. The radio distress calls driven the headlines and drove much of the U.S. Coast Guard and the Navy.

text: This omits the radio signals as credible transmissions which led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days.

refinement: Through radio signals used as credible transmissions researchers were led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days. She did not simply vanish. The radio distress calls driven the headlines and drove much of the U.S. Coast Guard and the Navy.

text: The last sentence doesn't make sense and doesn't help answer the question.

refinement: Through radio signals used as credible transmissions researchers were led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days. She did not simply vanish.

answer: The results of the study suggest that the aircraft was on land and on its wheels for several days following the disappearance.

text: This omits the radio signals as credible transmissions which led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days.

refinement: Through radio signals used as credible transmissions researchers were led to the discovery that Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days. The results of the study suggest that the aircraft was on land and on its wheels for several days following the disappearance.

answer: The researchers found that there were 57 credible signals from her plane following its disappearance. According to their hypothesis, Earhart likely landed on the reef at Nikumaroro and made distress calls for several days.

answer: From their analysis of post-loss radio signals, researchers concluded that Earhart's plane likely landed on Nikumaroro's reef. There are at least four radio signals of particular interest, where more than one station heard the transmissions. While there were hoax reports of transmissions, the researchers determined there was not enough evidence to suggest that an illegal transmitter was responsible.

text: The final sentence isn't necessary for the answer.

refinement: From their analysis of post-loss radio signals, researchers concluded that Earhart's plane likely landed on Nikumaroro's reef. There are at least four radio signals of particular interest, where more than one station heard the transmissions.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where do they believe the plane landed?

answer: According to Gillespie, the reanalysis of credible post-loss signals supports a hypothesis that they were sent by Earhart’s Electra from a point on the reef at Nikumaroro, about a quarter-mile north of the shipwreck of the British freighter SS Norwich City.

answer: TIGHAR believes that Earhart's aircraft landed on Nikumaroro Island's reef.

answer: Researchers believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and that they died as castaways.

text: "and that they died as castaways" isn't necessary for the answer.

refinement: Researchers believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef.

answer: The researchers believe that Earhart's Electra landed at Nikumaroro, an uninhabited atoll in the southwestern Pacific republic of Kiribati.

answer: They believe it landed on the reef at Nikumaroro in Kiribati, about a quarter mile north of the wreckage of the British freighter.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why were her distress calls left unanswered?

answer: The distress calls from Amelia Earhart's plane were not answered because they were believed to be false when they first came in and were therefore dismissed. TIGHAR re-examined the reports and found that 57 of them are credible. According to TIGHAR, this evidence supports the hypothesis that the signals were sent from the Electra on the reef at Nikumaroro.

answer: She was a land without sight for both her and the seaplane.

text: This answer doesn't make sense, so it also doesn't answer the question.

refinement: Earhart's distress calls were largely dismissed as bogus, and therefore ignored. However, it could also be due to the issue of her location.

answer: Information can't be found.

text: The information can be found. "all of the reported post-loss radio signals were categorically dismissed as bogus and have been largely ignored ever since."

refinement: Earhart's distress calls were largely dismissed as bogus, and therefore ignored. However, it could also be due to the issue of her location.

answer: The distress calls from Amelia Earhart's aircraft were categorically dismissed as fake, due to the lack of evidence that she actually sent them. However, a new examination by TIGHAR researchers has found that 57 out of the 120 post-loss signals are credible, suggesting that her Electra was on land and on its wheels for several days following her disappearance. According to Gillespie, the most likely explanation is that her plane had landed on the reef near the British shipwreck SS Norwich City. Therefore, the lack of response to her distress calls was likely due to the difficulties of getting help to the right location.

answer: Earhart had to be flying at an altitude of 1000 feet to transmit on her radio, and reached out to the coast guard at Howland Island on 3105kHz, the same frequency she used on her flight. While her distress calls were reported, due to technical issues, it did not switch to rescue mode in the ship.

text: This answer is incorrect. The reason given is that the "reported post-loss radio signals were categorically dismissed as bogus and have been largely ignored ever since."

refinement: The reported post-loss radio signals were categorically dismissed as bogus and have been largely ignored ever since. IT also could have been an issue with her location.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How do they know that the distress calls came from Amelia Earhart?

answer: She used a radio on her last flight to send out distress calls. She transmitted on 3105 kilocycles at night and 6210 kilocycles during daylight in order to contact the Itasca which was stationed on Howland Island to support her flight.

text: It's omitted that Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz,

refinement: She used a radio on her last flight to send out distress calls. She transmitted on 3105 kilocycles at night and 6210 kilocycles during daylight in order to contact the Itasca which was stationed on Howland Island to support her flight. Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

answer: They know this, because they claim that out of the hundreds of distress calls that were reported, the ones that came from the Electra are the only which indicate that they were in good working order.

text: There's no need for the comma before "because".

refinement: They know this because they claim that out of the hundreds of distress calls that were reported, the ones that came from the Electra are the only which indicate that they were in good working order.

text: It's not clear what is meant by "in good working order".  Replace that with the omitted information that Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz,

refinement: They know this because they claim that out of the hundreds of distress calls that were reported, the ones that came from the Electra are the only which indicate the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

answer: Using digitized information management systems, antenna modeling software, and radio wave propagation analysis programs, TIGHAR researchers re-examined all 120 known post-loss radio signals and concluded that 57 out of the 120 reported signals were credible. The hypothesis is that the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and made the radio distress calls.

text: It's omitted that Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

refinement: Using digitized information management systems, antenna modeling software, and radio wave propagation analysis programs, TIGHAR researchers re-examined all 120 known post-loss radio signals and concluded that 57 out of the 120 reported signals were credible. Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz. The hypothesis is that the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and made the radio distress calls.

answer: The researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of 120 reports of radio signals suspected or alleged to have come from Earhart's Electra plane. They determined that 57 out of the 120 reported signals were credible, and analyzed the conditions required for the plane to transmit such signals. They concluded that the signals were likely sent from Earhart's Electra while the aircraft was on the reef at Nikumaroro. To support this theory, they pointed to multiple instances of radio signals of particular interest, heard at widely separated locations and times. These signals were determined to have likely originated from the Electra.

text: It's omitted that Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

refinement: The researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of 120 reports of radio signals suspected or alleged to have come from Earhart's Electra plane. They determined that 57 out of the 120 reported signals were credible, and analyzed the conditions required for the plane to transmit such signals. They concluded that the signals were likely sent from Earhart's Electra while the aircraft was on the reef at Nikumaroro. To support this theory, they pointed to multiple instances of radio signals of particular interest, heard at widely separated locations and times. These signals were determined to have likely originated from the Electra. The Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

answer: In Australia, an amateur radio operator reported having heard a "strange” code which included KHAQQ, Amelia's call sign.

text: It's omitted that Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz,

refinement: In Australia, an amateur radio operator reported having heard a "strange” code which included KHAQQ, Amelia's call sign. Also, Earhart’s Electra was the only plausible central Pacific source of voice signals on 3105 kHz.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: TIGHAR, headed by Ric Gillespie, believes Amelia Earhart did not simply vanish on July 2, 1937, but sent radio messages after she failed to make contact with the Coast Guard cutter Itasca, and that the two eventually landed safely on Gardner Island. Earhart would have been stranded there for several months before she and flight navigator Fred Noonan both passed away as castaways.

text: Specify how Gillespie came to his hypothesis via data from dismissed radio signals from Amelia Earheart.

refinement: TIGHAR, headed by Ric Gillespie, formed a hypothesis based off of previously dismissed radio signals that Amelia Earhart did not simply vanish on July 2, 1937, but sent radio messages after she failed to make contact with the Coast Guard cutter Itasca, and that the two eventually landed safely on Gardner Island. Earhart would have been stranded there for several months before she and flight navigator Fred Noonan both passed away as castaways.

answer: Researchers of The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) have analyzed all 120 reported post-loss radio signals from Amelia Earhart and concluded that 57 of them are credible. They believe the plane landed on an uninhabited atoll and that Earhart made distress calls until the aircraft was washed over the reef and disappeared. The analysis supports the hypothesis that the Electra was at Nikumaroro and explains why only credible signals were reported.

text: This is three sentences instead of the requested two. The second sentence is less important than the first and third.

refinement: Researchers of The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) have analyzed all 120 reported post-loss radio signals from Amelia Earhart and concluded that 57 of them are credible. The analysis supports the hypothesis that the Electra was at Nikumaroro and explains why only credible signals were reported.

text: It's omitted that the analysis is a new finding.

refinement: Researchers of The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) have analyzed all 120 reported post-loss radio signals from Amelia Earhart and concluded that 57 of them are credible. The new analysis supports the hypothesis that the Electra was at Nikumaroro and explains why only credible signals were reported.

answer: A new analysis of 120 post-loss signals reported from Amelia Earhart's plane suggests that she survived her final flight and landed on a reef in a remote part of the Pacific. The study also concludes that 57 of the signals are credible. TIGHAR plans to start underwater searches next July in an effort to finally solve the mystery of what happened to the legendary aviator 75 years ago.

text: This is three sentences instead of the requested two. The first and second could have been combined.

refinement: A new analysis of 120 post-loss signals, with 57 of them being credible, reported from Amelia Earhart's plane suggests that she survived her final flight and landed on a reef in a remote part of the Pacific. TIGHAR plans to start underwater searches next July in an effort to finally solve the mystery of what happened to the legendary aviator 75 years ago.

text: This should be in past tense to show that this report came around the time of the article.

refinement: At the time of the article, a new analysis of 120 post-loss signals, with 57 of them being credible, reported from Amelia Earhart's plane suggested that she survived her final flight and landed on a reef in a remote part of the Pacific. TIGHAR planed to start underwater searches the next July in an effort to finally solve the mystery of what happened to the legendary aviator 75 years ago.

answer: For years there has been speculation about Amelia Earhart's disappearance, but no credible evidence. This article reports on some new research regarding her disappearance, speculating that she and her navigator landed on the atoll of Nikumaroro.

text: It's omitted that this new research is a credible report from TIGHAR.

refinement: For years there has been speculation about Amelia Earhart's disappearance, but no credible evidence until new evidence was reported by TIGHAR. This article reports on the new research regarding her disappearance, speculating that she and her navigator landed on the atoll of Nikumaroro.

text: It's omitted that the new hypothesis was formed from "dozens of previously dismissed radio signals".

refinement: For years there has been speculation about Amelia Earhart's disappearance, but no credible evidence until new evidence was reported by TIGHAR. This article reports on the new research regarding her disappearance, speculating that she and her navigator landed on the atoll of Nikumaroro after analyzing dozens of previously dismissed radio signals from Earhart.

answer: Researchers have found new evidence possibly answering Amelia Earhart's disappearance. Researchers believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and that they died as castaways.

text: It's omitted that this new research is a credible report from TIGHAR.

refinement: Researchers have found new evidence possibly answering Amelia Earhart's disappearance. Credible researchers from  TIGHAR believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and that they died as castaways.

text: It's omitted that the new hypothesis was formed from "dozens of previously dismissed radio signals".

refinement: Researchers have found new evidence possibly answering Amelia Earhart's disappearance. Credible researchers from  TIGHAR believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and that they died as castaways based off of dozens of previously dismissed radio signals.

text: This should be in past tense to indicate that the research was found around the time of the article.

refinement: Around the time of the article, researchers had found new evidence possibly answering Amelia Earhart's disappearance. Credible researchers from  TIGHAR believed the plane landed on Nikumaroro's reef and that they died as castaways based off of dozens of previously dismissed radio signals.


text:
_LYGOPHIS_ is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Panama and South America.

Species

The genus _Lygophis_ contains the following eight species which are recognized as being valid.[1]

-   _Lygophis anomalus_
-   _Lygophis dilepis_
-   _Lygophis elegantissimus_
-   _Lygophis flavifrenatus_
-   _Lygophis lineatus_
-   _Lygophis meridionalis_
-   _Lygophis paucidens_
-   _Lygophis vanzolinii_

_Nota bene_: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than _Lygophis_.

[1] . www.reptile-database.org.

title: Lygophis

question: What is Lygophis?

answer: Lygophis is a genus of snakes.

text: The inclusion of subfamily and family in the answer would make it better.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae.

text: Where the species lives is useful in defining what it is so it should be in the answer.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Panama and South America.

text: "_LYGOPHIS_ is a genus of snakes"

answer: Lygophis is a genus of snakes.

text: The inclusion of subfamily and family in the answer would make it better.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae.

text: Where the species lives is useful in defining what it is so it should be in the answer.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Panama and South America.

text: "_LYGOPHIS_ is a genus of snakes"

answer: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae.

text: Where the species lives is useful in defining what it is so it should be in the answer.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to Panama and South America.

text: "_LYGOPHIS_ is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae."

question: What subfamily does Lygophis belong to?

answer: LYGOPHIS is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae.

answer: It belongs to the subfamily, Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae.

text: There's a comma misuse.

refinement: It belongs to the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae.

answer: Dipsadinae

question: How many species does the genus Lygophis have?

answer: The genus Lygophis encompasses 8 different types of snake.

answer: Ten.

text: The article clearly notes that there are eight species in the genus.

answer: It has 8 species

question: Where is the genus Lygophis endemic to?

answer: The genus _Lygophis_ is endemic to Panama and South America.

text: The "_" isn't useful.

refinement: The genus Lygophis is endemic to Panama and South America.

answer: The genus Lygophis is endemic to Panama and South America.

answer: It is endemic to Panama and South America.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article talks about the genus Lygophis and describes more facts about it.

text: The answer should be a bit more detailed than just saying "describes more facts about it."

refinement: This article talks about the genus Lygophis, endemic to South America and Panama, belonging to the subfamily Dipsadinae of Colubridae family.

text: "_LYGOPHIS_ is a genus of snakes"

answer: The genus "Lygophis" consists of eight species of snakes that are found only in Panama and South America.

answer: The genus _Lygophis_ contains eight species of snakes endemic to Panama and South America.

text: The "_" isn't useful.

refinement: The genus Lygophis contains eight species of snakes endemic to Panama and South America.

answer: The _Lygophis_ genus contains eight different types of snakes, all found only in Panama and South America.

text: The "_" isn't useful.

refinement: The Lygophis genus contains eight different types of snakes, all found only in Panama and South America.

answer: _Lygophis_ is a genus of snakes found in Panama and South America, containing eight different species.

text: The "_" isn't useful.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes found in Panama and South America, containing eight different species.

answer: _Lygophis_ is a genus of snakes endemic to Panama and South America, comprising 8 recognized species.

text: The "_" isn't useful.

refinement: Lygophis is a genus of snakes endemic to Panama and South America, comprising 8 recognized species.


text:
Andy is a really smart heroin addict. Andy could tell you about all the constellations and all of the Caesars and when they ruled. Andy could explain complex issues and make them seem simple. Andy could pretty much do anything except stop using heroin.

Andy’s co-workers, of which I am one, all know that Andy does heroin. Some of them talk about it. To some its funny, and to others its sad; no one says anything to Andy directly about it though. So when Andy falls asleep at his desk we go along with his excuse that he stayed up late last night because there was a west coast game on that went into extra innings; and ,man, is he tired. Oh Andy, Andy has a million excuses but never a dollar the day after payday.

While his co-workers, of which I am one, are doing things like paying rent and mortgages and buying food, Andy is buying heroin and paying back anyone who lent him money the week before and is lucky enough to track him down. Oh Andy, is heroin really that good? Something about you rouses a demon that sleeps deep inside of me.

Oh Andy, so smart; he has everything in the world going for him. If it wasn't for that damn heroin he’d be an executive somewhere, or maybe a high-priced lawyer; he’d probably be a professor at some fancy east coast prep school where the girls wear knee-length skirts and everyone’s jacket has a crest on it. Oh Andy, I wonder if you ever regret trying heroin. I'm sure sometimes you do, but more often than not, you’re too busy trying to find heroin or trying to use it.

Andy is such a nice guy. Andy is killing himself. We’re watching, his family is watching, his dealer is watching; everybody's watching Andy kill himself. We watch without understanding. I wonder if Andy watches us and wonders why no one cares enough to help him. Not that he would accept the help, but it would be nice if someone offered it. But hey, there's only so much time in a day, and we've all got our own lives to manage. So Andy manages his heroin habit alone.

Andy lives with his mother. She looks at Andy but does not see him. Andy’s mother thinks that a daily heroin habit, one that's been going on for ten years, is something that Andy will just drop one day. She thinks that Andy will come to his senses and just quit.

They fight over the missing money sometimes. Andy doesn't want to, but sometimes he’ll have to steal twenty or a hundred dollars from his mom. Andy’s habit is a greedy monster. He always intends to pay back every dime but something always comes up; usually its the next opportunity to get high. Oh Andy, it seems like the world itself is sighing as you kill yourself. If only there was a way.

Sometimes Andy will miss a few weeks of work. These are the times when Andy goes to detox. In detox they give Andy things like Suboxone and Methadone to replace the heroin that his body is used to. But they aren't quite the same. Andy likes the ritual. The needle and the spoon; finding a vein. Andy likes the tightness of the cord when he ties himself off. Andy likes pulling the plunger back and watching the blood flow up into the needle. To be honest, Andy just plain likes getting high. Andy likes feeling alive for the first time for the thousandth time.

When Andy comes back to work from rehab, he’s usually full of energy. Andy runs through the halls as if making up for lost time. Andy, smart Andy, shows us why hes the best of us. He practically sings while solving problems and making money for the company. Because Andy is a great worker. He just happens to be addicted to heroin. Andy’s killing himself.

The worst days for Andy are the days right before payday. He’s borrowed money from everyone who’ll lend it to him. That set of people grows smaller by the week. His mother has hidden her cash, and it will be weeks before she forgets to hide it again. So on those days, Andy has a very short temper. He stomps around the office snarling at everyone.

Why are we letting you kill yourself Andy? Why don’t we stop you? We don’t hate you, (your mother loves you) but we keep watching you destroy yourself with heroin. Do you know the reason why? Does it come to you when you’re high? Is it something so awful that we wouldn't want to know?

Oh Andy, one day you walked in the door and saw your mother crying on the couch. You wanted to say something to her, you wanted to hug her, but it was payday and you had a bag of dope that you needed to shoot. So you walked right past her, up the stairs closed the door of your room and floated away. When you came back, your mother wasn't crying anymore. The moment had passed.

Remember the day they found you in the bathroom at work Andy? Passed out with a needle sticking out of your arm. You tied yourself off with a shoelace. We thought you were dead. But the EMT gave you a shot of something and you came right back to life again. You vomited, and then they took you away. Oh Andy, now there is no doubt in anyone’s mind. Now the whisper has become a roar.

But by tomorrow the roar has become a whisper. We make plans for the weekend. Plans for the summer. But we don’t make any plans to save you Andy. And soon we forget. And you’re back at work after a few weeks; smarter and funnier than ever. The old Andy is back. One day you asked to borrow twenty dollars; you said you lost your ATM card. Sure pal, anything for you buddy. Something gnawing at the back of my mind, like a memory trapped in a cage and fighting to escape.

You died that day Andy. Officially of an overdose. Oh Andy, what if I hadn't lent you that twenty? What if the dope hadn't been as strong? What if we had paid attention to you? What if, what if, what if? Oh, Andy.

title: Andy

question: What is Andy addicted to?

answer: Andy is addicted to heroin.

answer: Heroin.

answer: Andy is addicted to heroin.

answer: Heroin.

question: Why doesn't anyone try to intervene in Andy's decline?

answer: They don't know how to help him.

text: This answer is unattested.

refinement: According to the story, the author is unsure why no one cares enough to try and help Andy.

answer: Everyone knows that Andy is addicted to heroin, but no one wants to get involved in trying to help him. They all feel powerless to do anything, and they assume that Andy is beyond help. They also fear that if they try to intervene, Andy will lash out at them.

text: This answer is unattested.

refinement: According to the story, the author is unsure why no one cares enough to try and help Andy.

answer: They like him too much, and it's easier to ignore it.

text: This answer is unattested (also the implication is that they don't care enough, which seems to contradict the idea that they like him too much).

refinement: According to the story, the author is unsure why no one cares enough to try and help Andy.

answer: The author of the passage is not sure why no one intervenes in Andy's decline.

text: "According to the story, the author is unsure why no one cares enough to try and help Andy" is evidence that the author doesn't know what the reason is they don't intervene.

question: What is the theme of this story?

answer: Addiction.

text: While the story is primarily focused on addiction, the theme perhaps goes deeper, exploring how easy it is to be neglectful and ignore someone else's suffering.

refinement: Addiction and how easy it is to be neglectful and ignore someone else's suffering.

answer: The theme of this story is that heroin addiction is a disease that is difficult to overcome.

text: This is true, but the story also focuses on the lack of intervention from those around Andy.

refinement: The theme of this story is that heroin addiction is a disease that is difficult to overcome and that those surrounding someone suffering from addiction often do not care enough to provide help.

answer: The theme of this story is that addiction can destroy even the brightest and most promising of people.

text: Should also mention the failure of those around them to intervene.

refinement: The theme of this story is that addiction can destroy even the brightest and most promising of people and that those around an addict can often find it difficult to intervene.

answer: The theme of this story is that Andy is a heroin addict and everyone knows it, but no one does anything about it.

text: This is more the plot of the story--should be stated in more general terms to accurately reflect the theme.

refinement: The theme of this story is even if people are aware of someone's addiction, they often will not do anything about it.

question: Where does Andy get his money?

answer: He steals from his mother.

text: Stealing from his mother is not the only way Andy gets money.

refinement: He steals from his mother, collects his paychecks, and borrows money from friends.

text: "Andy doesn't want to, but sometimes he’ll have to steal twenty or a hundred dollars from his mom" is evidence that Andy steals from his mother.

answer: Andy gets his money from friends and family members who are willing to lend him money.

text: Does not list all of the ways he gets money.

refinement: Andy gets his money from friends and family members who are willing to lend him money. He also collects a paycheck from work and steals from his mother.

answer: He steals it from his mother.

text: Does not list all the ways Andy gets his money.

refinement: He steals it from his mother. He also collects a paycheck and borrows money from friends.

text: Andy doesn't want to, but sometimes he’ll have to steal twenty or a hundred dollars from his mom

answer: Andy gets his money from his mother, from his co-workers, and from his dealer.

text: It is inaccurate to say that Andy gets money from his dealer.

refinement: Andy gets his money from his mother and from his co-workers.

text: Does not list all the ways in which Andy gets his money.

refinement: Andy gets his money from his mother and from his co-workers. He also collects a paycheck.

text: Does not mention how he gets money from his mother and coworkers.

refinement: Andy steals money from his mother and borrows from his co-workers. He also collects a paycheck.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator reflects on their relationship with Andy, a heroin addict.

text: Could be more specific about the issue of Andy needing help.

refinement: The narrator reflects on their relationship with Andy, a heroin addict. Despite knowing about his addiction, no one around Andy helps him and he eventually dies.

answer: Andy is a heroin addict who is slowly killing himself, despite being a very intelligent and capable person. No one seems to be able to help him, and he eventually dies from an overdose.

answer: Andy is a heroin addict who is very smart and has a lot of potential. He is also very good at his job, but he is slowly killing himself.

text: Does not mention the lack of help.

refinement: Andy is a heroin addict who is very smart and has a lot of potential. He is also very good at his job, but he is slowly killing himself. Despite knowing of his addiction, no one around Andy helps him.

answer: This story is about Andy, a heroin addict and a junkie whose co-workers and friends ignore his slow decline.