text:
__March 8, 2013March 8, 2013__4__35

[LIBERTY]NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show Thursday to praise Senator RAND PAUL‘s 13 hour long filibuster during the nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA. Senator Paul took a principled stand during the nomination process as a way to protest President BARACK OBAMA‘s drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens. The President is responsible for the deaths of ANWAR AL-AWLAKI and his 16 year old son, both killed by drone strikes in separate incidents.NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show Thursday to discuss Senator RAND PAUL‘s filibuster during the nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA.

Former presidential candidate Gingrich hailed the leadership of Senator Rand Paul as the beginning of a restoration of a constitutional republic. Gingrich and Hannity celebrated the rise of Republicans such as Paul, TED CRUZ and MARCO RUBIO while castigating Senator JOHN MCCAIN. McCain had vocally opposed Paul’s filibuster against the president, snubbing him in public on the Senate floor on Thursday.

Hannity and Gingrich described what felt like a “seismic shift” towards the politics of people like Senator Paul and away from establishment ways of thinking. Is this the beginning of a new libertarian era in modern American politics?

Video below is 8:48

[]

Austin Petersen

Austin Petersen is a homegrown Missourian with a lifelong passion for liberty. He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri and went on to attend Missouri State University, graduating with a degree in the Fine Arts. After developing a career in media in both New York City and Washington, D.C., he returned to Kansas City, MO, the city he now calls home. In 2016, Petersen appeared on the national stage as a candidate for president of the United States. He took second place in the crowded Libertarian primary behind Governor Gary Johnson and ahead of cyber security maverick John McAfee. During his campaign, Petersen earned many high-profile conservative endorsements, including Mary Matalin, Erick Erickson and Leon Wolf of RedState.com. Petersen also brings decades of professional experience in a wide variety of fields, from content production and media to business and political activism. He is the owner and chief executive of Stonegait LLC, a consulting firm specializing in photo and video services. He was also the director of production at FreedomWorks and an associate producer for Judge Andrew Napolitano’s show “Freedom Watch” on the Fox Business Network. Additionally, Petersen has a national following as a commentator and professional pundit. He is the founder of The Libertarian Republic, a powerful online news source for the public that receives an average of 1 million unique visits monthly and whose podcast, The Freedom Report, receives an average of one million monthly downloads. He is also a frequent contributor on television, appearing on Fox News, Fox Business, CNN, MSNBC and on dozens of local radio shows.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who appeared on Sean Hannity's shwow?

answer: Newt Gingrich.

text: "NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show" is evidence that who appeared on the Sean Hannity show  was Newt Gingrich.

answer: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show.

text: "NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show" is evidence that who appeared on the Sean Hannity show  was Newt Gingrich.

answer: Newt Gingrich

text: "NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show" is evidence that who appeared on the Sean Hannity show  was Newt Gingrich.

answer: Newt Gingrich and Sean Hannity.

text: Although a valid statement, it is assumed Sean Hannity would appear on his own show.

answer: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show.

text: "NEWT GINGRICH appeared on SEAN HANNITY‘s show" is evidence that who appeared on the Sean Hannity show  was Newt Gingrich.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was he doing there?

answer: Celebrating Senator Rand Paul's 13-hour-long filibuster.

text: "praise Senator RAND PAUL‘s 13 hour long filibuster" is evidence that Newt Gingrich was on Sean Hannity's show celebrating Rand Paul's filibuster.

answer: Austin Petersen appeared on SEAN HANNITY's show Thursday to discuss Senator RAND PAUL's filibuster during the nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA. Petersen praised Senator Paul's leadership and encouraged others to come to libertarian ideas in modern American politics.

text: It incorrectly mentions Austin Petersen instead of Newt Gingrich.

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on SEAN HANNITY's show Thursday to discuss Senator RAND PAUL's filibuster during the nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA. Gingrich praised Senator Paul's leadership and encouraged others to come to libertarian ideas in modern American politics.

answer: Possibly campaigning for libertarian candidate Petersen

text: It incorrectly mentions the reasons for being on the show.

refinement: to praise Senator RAND PAUL and talk about a filibuster he did.

answer:
[Liberty] appeared on SEAN HANNITY’s show to praise Senator RAND PAUL and talk about a filibuster he did.
Mention is made of a standing O he received and a name that he is known as 'the pontiff of liberty' in DC.

text: Misses to specify Newt Gingrich as being the one appearing on Sean Hannity's show

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on SEAN HANNITY’s show to praise Senator RAND PAUL and talk about a filibuster he did. Mention is made of a standing O he received and a name that he is known as 'the pontiff of liberty' in DC.

text: There is no evidence to suggest he received a standing O or that he is known as the pontiff of liberty in DC

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on SEAN HANNITY’s show to praise Senator RAND PAUL and talk about a filibuster he did.

answer: Austin Petersen appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Senator Rand Paul's filibuster during the nomination of John Brennan to the position of head of the CIA. He praised Paul's leadership as the beginning of a restoration of a constitutional republic.

text: It incorrectly mentions Austin Petersen instead of Newt Gingrich.

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Senator Rand Paul's filibuster during the nomination of John Brennan to the position of head of the CIA. He praised Paul's leadership as the beginning of a restoration of a constitutional republic.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was Senator Rand protesting?

answer: Senator Rand was protesting President Barack Obama's drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens.

text: "protest President BARACK OBAMA‘s drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens" is evidence that Senator Rand was protesting Obama's drone program.

answer: President Barack Obama‘s drone program.

text: "protest President BARACK OBAMA‘s drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens" is evidence that Senator Rand was protesting Obama's drone program.

answer: Senator Rand was protesting the drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens implemented by President Barack Obama.

text: "protest President BARACK OBAMA‘s drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens" is evidence that Senator Rand was protesting Obama's drone program.

answer: The nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA.

text: It incorrectly mentions Rand protesting Brennans nomination, however he was protesting Obama's drone program during the nomination..

refinement: Senator Rand was protesting the drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens implemented by President Barack Obama.

answer: During John Brennan's nomination for head of the CIA, Rand wanted to protest President Barack Obama's drone program and the indiscriminate killing of many citizens of the US.

text: "protest President BARACK OBAMA‘s drone program and the indiscriminate extrajudicial killings of American citizens" is evidence that Senator Rand was protesting Obama's drone program.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where did Austin Petersen grow up?

answer: He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri.

text: "He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri" is evidence of Austin Petersen growing up in Peculiar, Missouri on a horse farm.

answer: Peculiar, Missouri.

text: "He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri" is evidence of Austin Petersen growing up in Peculiar, Missouri

answer: Peculiar, Missouri.

text: "He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri" is evidence of Austin Petersen growing up in Peculiar, Missouri

answer: Peculiar, Missouri

text: "He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri" is evidence of Austin Petersen growing up in Peculiar, Missouri

answer: Peculiar, Missouri.

text: "He grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri" is evidence of Austin Petersen growing up in Peculiar, Missouri

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer:
Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show to praise Senator Rand Paul's 13 hour long filibuster during the nomination of John Brennan to the position of head of the CIA. John McCain vocally opposed Rand's "filibuster" against the president.

Former presidential candidate Gingrich hailed the leadership of Senator Rand Paul as the beginning of the restoration of the constitution republican forms.

answer: Austin Petersen appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Senator Rand Paul's filibuster protesting President Barack Obama's drone program. Gingrich praised Paul for restoring a constitutional republic and criticized Senator John McCain. Petersen also brings decades of experience to the table, working in media production as well as political commentary.

text: It incorrectly mentions Austin Petersen appearing on Sean Hannity's show, however it was Newt Gingrich on the show.

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Senator Rand Paul's filibuster protesting President Barack Obama's drone program. Gingrich praised Paul for restoring a constitutional republic and criticized Senator John McCain. Petersen brings decades of experience to the table, working in media production as well as political commentary.

answer: Rand Paul was a Republican who had a 13 hour long filibuster. Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio were among the republicans rising up in politics at the time. Conversation was focused on their rising while majority of democrats remained silent.

text: It misses to include more important details instead of less relevant ones.

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show to praise Senator Rand Paul's 13 hour long filibuster during the nomination of John Brennan to the position of head of the CIA. Former presidential candidate Gingrich hailed the leadership of Senator Rand Paul as the beginning of the restoration of the constitution republican forms. During John Brennan's nomination for head of the CIA, Rand wanted to protest President Barack Obama's drone program and the indiscriminate killing of many citizens of the US.

answer:
Senator Rand Paul held a thirteen-hour-long filibuster to protest President Obama's drone program, which he contends has been responsible for the deaths of Americans.

Austin Petersen grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri. Following an extensive higher education, he became a politician and pundit.

text: It misses to mention an important detail of Newt Gingrich.

refinement:
Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show Thursday to praise Senator RAND PAUL‘s 13 hour long filibuster during the nomination of JOHN BRENNAN to the position of head of the CIA. Senator Rand Paul's thirteen-hour-long filibuster protested President Obama's drone program, which he contends has been responsible for the deaths of Americans.
Austin Petersen grew up on a horse farm in Peculiar, Missouri and following an extensive higher education, he became a politician and pundit.

answer: Austin Petersen appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Rand Paul's filibuster against the president's drone program. Petersen lauded Rand Paul for taking a principled stand and creating a possible restoration of a constitutional republic. McCain had come out against Rand Paul on the Senate floor, but Hannity and Petersen praised him for rallying conservatives and libertarians together. Petersen also has a following as a commentator and pundit and is the founder of The Libertarian Republic, a news outlet with 1 million unique monthly visitors.

text: It incorrectly mentions Austin Petersen as appearing on Sean Hannity's show, however it was Newt Gingrich.

refinement: Newt Gingrich appeared on Sean Hannity's show to discuss Rand Paul's filibuster against the president's drone program. Gingrich lauded Rand Paul for taking a principled stand and creating a possible restoration of a constitutional republic. McCain had come out against Rand Paul on the Senate floor, but Hannity and Gingrich praised him for rallying conservatives and libertarians together.


split: train

text:
WALTER PROCH (born 17 February 1984 in Rovereto) is an Italian former cyclist.[1]

Major results

2005
    3rd Giro del Canavese
    9th Gran Premio della Liberazione

2006
    4th Tour du Jura
    4th Coppa Città di Asti
    8th Trofeo Città di Brescia

2008
    1st Stage 3 Tour Ivoirien de la Paix
    9th Overall Regio-Tour

2009
    6th Memorial Marco Pantani

[1]

title: Walter Proch

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Walter Proch?

answer: Walter Proch is a former Italian cyclist.

answer: He is an Italian former cyclist.

answer: Walter Proch is an Italian former cyclist.

answer: An Italian former cyclist.

answer: Walter Proch is an Italian former cyclist.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Which tournaments has Walter Proch participated in?

answer: Walter Proch participated in the Giro del Canavese, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix, and the Memorial Marco Pantani.

text: Missed two tours

refinement: Walter Proch participated in the Giro del Canavese, Gran Premio della Liberazione, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix, Overall Regio-Tour, and the Memorial Marco Pantani.

answer: Walter Proch was part of Giro del Canavese, Gran Premio della Liberazione, and many others.

text: Missed many tours

refinement: Walter Proch was part of the Giro del Canavese, Gran Premio della Liberazione, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix, Overall Regio-Tour, and the Memorial Marco Pantani.

answer:
Walter Proch has participated in:
Giro del Canavese
Gran Premio della Liberazione
Tour du Jura
Coppa Città di Asti
Trofeo Città di Brescia
Tour Ivoirien de la Paix
Regio-Tour
Memorial Marco Pantani

answer: Giro del Canavese, Tour du Jura, Coppa Città di Asti, Trofeo Città di Brescia, Tour Ivoirien de la Paix,

text: Missed some

refinement: Giro del Canavese, Gran Premio della Liberazione, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix, Overall Regio-Tour, and the Memorial Marco Pantani.

answer: Walter Proch has participated in the Giro del Canavese, the Gran Premio della Liberazione, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, and the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix.

text: Missed two

refinement: Walter Proch has participated in the Giro del Canavese, Gran Premio della Liberazione, the Tour du Jura, the Coppa Città di Asti, the Trofeo Città di Brescia, the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix, Overall Regio-Tour, and the Memorial Marco Pantani.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Walter Proch is a former Italian cyclist who has participated in numerous tournaments in the past and won many, including Tour Ivorien de la Paix and Giro del Canavese.

answer: This is a wiki page about Walter Proch, an Italian former cyclist.

answer: This article is about Walter Proch, an Italian former cyclist.

answer: Walter Proch is an Italian cyclist who has achieved a few notable results including a 3rd place finish at the Giro del Canavese in 2005 and a 1st place win in the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix in 2008.

answer: Walter Proch is an Italian cyclist who has had several notable results in the past few years, including a stage victory at the Tour Ivoirien de la Paix in 2008.


text:
[Book II of _Saudades da Terra_ dedicated to Madeira (1968 edition)]

SAUDADES DA TERRA is a manuscript that was published by father Gaspar Frutuoso. It forms a reference work on the knowledge of Macaronesia in the late 16th century.

The manuscript was written between 1586 and 1590,[1] divided into two volumes, based on the author's observations which makes a detailed description of the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. It also has multiple references on Cape Verde and other Atlantc regions.

It finishes a most important repository on information about geography, history, life usage of clothes, genealogy, toponym, fauna and flora of the mid-Atlantic archipelago before the 17th century, in which closes by the author with a personality of a Renaissance typical humanist: encyclopedic, literary, artistic and music, observed natural phenomenon, pre-occupied with alchemic experimentations and speculating inside the dominions of geology, biology, mineralogy and petrography.

The book contains each of the island chain, the three features one or more islands of the Azores, one was a poem, including:

-   Book I - Cape Verde and the Canary Islands
-   Book II - Madeira
-   Book III - Azores: Santa Maria
-   Book IV - Azores: São Miguel;
-   Book V - Poem - with fictional characters “Verdade” and “Gama” - typically renaissance persons, in pastoral style - a story of two friends who was forced to live in a house for a long time.
-   Book VI - Azores: Terceira, Faial, Pico, Flores, Graciosa and S. Jorge.

The work was completed with a last volume, titled _Saudades do Céu_, a philosophical-theological dissertation during the Azorean crisis during the Portuguese Succession Crisis of 1580.

Gaspar Frutuoso apparently intended to publish his work, since it was clear that the plight of the manuscript with additional amendments made with his fist. For reasons which are unknown, it may be linked to the Spanish (or Castilian) occupation during the Philippine Dynasty, he did not, adding it to a library of Colégio dos Jesuítas de Ponta Delgada (Ponta Delgada Jesuit College), which remained until 1760 when the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal. The manuscript changed hands, in the 1920s, in a context of commemorations of the Tri-Centenary of the Birth of Gaspar Frutuoso in 1922, owned by the Praia e Monforte family, which had prevented access to the work, unfeasible for an chance for its publication. Later on, it was donated by the General Board of Ponta Delgada and was added to Ponta Delgada Public Library and Archives (also known as the Azorean Public Library and Archives) where it is founded today.

The first part of the book which came to light was Book III in 1873, with thirty notes by Álvaro Rodrigues de Azevedo, and a historic synthesis written by the Portuguese Illustrated Universal Dictionary by Fernandes Costa.. It was followed by a genealogical part of Book IV, published in 1876 by an initiative of Francisco Maria Supico and José Pedro de Jesus Cardoso. In the 1920s, it was inviable the integral publication of the work was published in two relative volumes on the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria, for which complete copies were available. The Book III edition about Santa Maria was in charge of Manuel Monteiro Velho Arruda. The same copy was taken and later published an edition the first book, based on a manuscript copy that was founded in the Ponta Delgada Public Library and Archives[2]

It has different parcel editions of _Saudades da Terra_ with added editions, added to the Ponta Delgada Cultural Institute in 1966.

An edition was made in 1968 in Ponta Delgada.

[1] Rodrigues, Rodrigo. “Notícia biográfica do Dr. Gaspar Frutuoso”. In _Saudades da Terra_, Livro I, p. XXXIX.

[2] Rodrigues, João Bernardo de Oliveira. “Notícia Biográfica do Dr. Manuel Monteiro Velho Arruda”. Ponta Delgada, Tipografia do Diário dos Açores, 1960 [separate from the _Azorean Archives_ Volume XV(15) (1959), Ponta Delgada].

title: Saudades da Terra

question: When was the Saudades da Terra written?

answer: The Saudades da Terra was written in the late 16th century.

answer: The manuscript was written between 1586 and 1590.

answer: The Saudades da Terra was written between 1586 and 1590.

question: What is the manuscript about?

answer: The book _Saudades da Terra_ is a manuscript detailing observations about the islands of Azores, Madeira and others in the mid-Atlantic from the late 16th century.

answer: The manuscript entitled "Saudades da Terra" is about the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands according to observations made by Gaspar Frutuoso in the late 16th century.

answer: The manuscript gives a detailed description of the the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands, including the geography, history, genealogy, toponym, and fauna and flora.

question: What is the last volume of the manuscript about?

answer: The last volume of the manuscript, Saudades do Céu, is a philosophical-theological dissertation.

answer: The last volume of the manuscript is about the Azores Islands, specifically on São Miguel, Santa Maria and the other various island of the Azores.

text: "Saudades do Céu_, a philosophical-theological dissertation during the Azorean crisis during the Portuguese Succession Crisis of 1580."

refinement: The last volume of the manuscript is a philosophical-theological dissertation during the Azorean crisis during the Portuguese Succession Crisis of 1580.

answer: The last volume, "Saudades do Céu", is a philosophical-theological dissertation  during the Azorean crisis during the Portuguese Succession Crisis of 1580.

question: Who published the manuscript?

answer: Father Gaspar Frutuoso.

answer: The manuscript was published by Gaspar Frutuoso.

answer: Father Gaspar Frutuoso.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Saudades da Terra is a manuscript published by father Gaspar Frutuoso. The manuscript was written between 1586 and 1590, and it's considered the most important repository on geographic and scientific knowledge in that period.

answer: This article is about works of Flutuoso, Gaspar, and Saudades da Terra, a two-volume manuscript published by the author based on his observations of the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. They formed a detailed description of the islands' geography, history, and lived lifestyles, among various others, about topics such as geography, fauna, flora, life usage of clothes, genealogy, toponymy, etc.

answer: This article is about the Saudades da Terra, a multi-volume manuscript published by Gaspar Frutuoso. It was written between 1586 and 1590, and gives a detailed description of the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands, including their geography, history, genealogy, and fauna and flora.

answer: The manuscript was written in 1972 by Gaspar Frutuoso and is considered a valuable historical work detailing the Azorean culture and its inner workings during the late 16th century. Originally written in Portuguese, some portions were translated to reflect the culture during the time.

answer: Saudades da Terra is a manuscript from late 16th century. The manuscript was found, and it's estimated to have been written between 1586 and 1590.

text: No reason to assume the manuscript was ever "lost"

refinement: Saudades da Terra is a manuscript from late 16th century. The manuscript is about the flora and fauna of Macaronesia, and it's estimated to have been written between 1586 and 1590.

answer: Saudades da Terra is a manuscript about the geography, history, life usage of clothes, genealogy, toponym, fauna and flora of the mid-Atlantic archipelago before the 17th century. It is written with extensive reference to other source materials, and is divided into 5 parts, each of which has a different kind of theme.


text:
[Depiction of ISS-RapidScat's location on ISS and its operation] [ISS-RapidScat data from October 2014] [ISS-RapidScat returned data on weather like Typhoon Vongfong, pictured here as seen from ISS in 2014]

ISS-RAPIDSCAT was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station{{'s}} _Columbus_ module that measured wind speeds.[1] It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016.[2] ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.[3] It featured a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band).[4] It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude, with a swath .[5]

The ISS-RapidScat program was initiated in response to the failure of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism in November 2009. While the spacecraft continued to function, it could only gather data in one direction, significantly limiting its data collection ability. ISS-RapidScat was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from elements of QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model, originally used to validate that instrument's flight hardware prior to its launch in 1999.[6] It was constructed in 18 months; re-using the QuikScat hardware had the double benefit of reducing cost and using already flight-proven hardware that functioned well in orbit.[7]

ISS-RapidScat was very similar to QuikSCAT in functionality. However, the instrument suffered due to peculiarities of the International Space Station, such as the station's varying altitude due to increased drag, its variable orientation due to the demands of visiting spacecraft, and its lack of a Sun-synchronous orbit.[8] By the time of ISS-RapidScat's launch, the European Space Agency{{'s}} MetOp series were the only two satellites with fully functioning scatterometers in orbit.[9] Some of these peculiarities were also advantages. Its mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, whereas the Sun-synchronous orbits used by other scatterometer-equipped spacecraft would re-visit the same location on Earth at the same time daily. This allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day.[10] This orbit also gives better coverage of the tropics, and by crossing the orbit of other satellites, it was able to observe the same area at the same time as them, allowing for cross-calibration between the different data sets.[11]

Objectives of the ISS-RapidScat program were to mitigate the loss of and provide continuity of wind data products from the QuikSCAT SeaWinds instrument, to serve as a calibration standard for the international constellation of scatterometer-equipped satellites, and to sample the diurnal and semi-diurnal wind variations that occur between ISS flight latitudes at least every two months.[12][13]

The scatterometer was launched as external cargo aboard the SpaceX CRS-4 mission on 21 September 2014, attached to the unpressurized section of the Dragon capsule.[14] Dragon was berthed to the station on 23 September.[15] The instrument was removed from Dragon, robotically assembled and attached to _Columbus_ between 29 and 30 September. It was powered up on 1 October and immediately began gathering data, which was first processed into an uncalibrated product on 3 October.[16] ISS-RapidScat was declared fully operational and its data products properly calibrated on 10 November.[17]

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was of Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on 3 October 2014.[18] It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record, with maximum sustained winds of .[19][20] Data from ISS-RapidScat was disseminated worldwide for use in weather forecasting, and was used by the United States Navy, NOAA, and EUMETSAT, among others.[21]

On 19 August 2016, the _Columbus_ module, which ISS-RapidScat was attached to and reliant on for resources, suffered a power distribution unit failure, which resulted in ISS-RapidScat shutting down. This was followed by an electrical overload in the power distribution unit during recovery efforts. Attempts to restore the instrument were without success, and NASA formally terminated operations on 28 November 2016.[22][23] No replacement or successor device was planned.[24]

ISS-RapidScat was removed from the _Columbus_ module on 1 January 2018 and stowed inside the SpaceX CRS-13 Dragon trunk.[25] On 13 January 2018, the trunk section and ISS-RapidScat re-entered Earth's atmosphere and were destroyed as planned, while the Dragon capsule and its cargo landed in the Pacific Ocean and were recovered.[26]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first1=Alan |last1=Buis |first2=Whitney B. |last2=Clavin |first3=Stephen E. |last3=Cole |date=6 October 2014 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first=Alan |last=Buis |date=9 September 2016 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[23] Jet Propulsion Laboratory |first=Carol |last=Rasmussen |date=28 November 2016 |accessdate=25 December 2016}}

[24]

[25]

[26]

title: ISS-RapidScat

question: What was the ISS-RapidScat?

answer: An instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds.

answer: It was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument that measured wind speeds and was attached to the International Space Station. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016, when it was shut down due to a power distribution unit failure.

question: How did it work?

answer: By bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer that collected data on wind speeds by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface. It was attached to the International Space Station and collected data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude. It was used to help weather forecasting and was eventually shut down due to a power distribution unit failure.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.

answer: It bounced microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.

question: What was it's unique benefit?

answer: It allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day; it gave better coverage of the tropics; and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat instrument was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, which allowed scientists to study how the wind changes over the course of a day.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat program was initiated in response to the failure of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism in November 2009. While the spacecraft continued to function, it could only gather data in one direction, significantly limiting its data collection ability. ISS-RapidScat was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from elements of QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model, originally used to validate that instrument's flight hardware prior to its launch in 1999.

text: Tells the history, not a unique benefit

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat instrument was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, which allowed scientists to study how the wind changes over the course of a day.

answer: It's mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, whereas the Sun-synchronous orbits used by other scatterometer-equipped spacecraft would re-visit the same location on Earth at the same time daily.

question: How was it used?

answer: It was used to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed.

text: Not how does it work, how was it used?

refinement: ISS-RapidScat was used to measure wind speeds, and was used in weather forecasting. It was also used to help scientists study how wind changes over the course of a day.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was used to measure wind speeds, and was used in weather forecasting. It was also used to help scientists study how wind changes over the course of a day.

answer: It observed Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of Baja California and Hurricane Patricia. Its data was used by the Navy, NOAA, and EMETSAT, among others.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was used to measure wind speeds.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speed. It did this by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface. It allowed scientists to study how the wind changed at one location over the course of day thanks to its unique orbital characteristics. It also gave better coverage of the tropics, and it allowed for cross-calibration between different data sets. It was used to observe both Tropical Storm Simon and Hurricane Patricia. Its data was used by the Navy, NOAA, and EMETSAT.

answer: The ISS-RapidScat instrument was a scatterometer that measured wind speeds and was attached to the International Space Station. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016, when it was shut down due to a power distribution unit failure. The instrument was removed from the International Space Station in January 2018 and destroyed upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.

answer: ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station that measured wind speeds. It was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. It featured a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band). It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude, with a swath. The ISS-RapidScat program was initiated in response to the failure of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism in November 2009. While the spacecraft continued to function, it could only gather data in one direction, significantly limiting its data collection ability. ISS-RapidScat was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from elements of QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model, originally used to validate that instrument's flight hardware prior to its launch in 1999. It was constructed in 18 months; re-using the QuikSCat hardware had the double benefit of reducing cost and using already flight-proven hardware that functioned well in orbit. ISS-RapidScat was very similar to QuikSCAT in functionality. However, the instrument suffered due to peculiarities of the International Space Station, such as the station's varying altitude due to increased drag, its variable orientation due to the demands of visiting spacecraft, and its lack of a Sun-synchronous orbit. By the time of ISS-RapidScat's launch, the European Space Agency's MetOp series were the only two satellites with fully functioning scatterometers in orbit. Some of these peculiarities were also advantages. Its mid-latitude orbit meant it was able to collect data about the same spot on Earth at different times of day, whereas the Sun-synchronous orbits used by other scatterometer-equipped spacecraft would re-visit the same location on Earth at the same time daily. This allowed scientists to study how the wind changes at one location over the course of a day. This orbit also gives better coverage of the tropics, and by crossing the orbit of other satellites, it was able to observe the same area at the same time as them, allowing for cross-calibration between the different data sets. Objectives of the ISS-RapidScat program were to mitigate the loss of and provide continuity of wind data products from the QuikSCAT SeaWinds instrument, to serve as a calibration standard for the international constellation of scatterometer-equipped satellites, and to sample the diurnal and semi-diurnal wind variations that occur between ISS flight latitudes at least every two months. The scatterometer was launched as external cargo aboard the SpaceX CRS-4 mission on 21 September 2014, attached to the unpressurized section of the Dragon capsule. Dragon was berthed to the station on 23 September. The instrument was removed from Dragon, robotically assembled and attached to _Columbus_ between 29 and 30 September. It was powered up on 1 October and immediately began gathering data, which was first processed into an uncalibrated product on 3 October. ISS-RapidScat was declared fully operational and its data products properly calibrated on 10 November. One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was of Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on 3 October 2014. It also

text: Too much information

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat instrument was a scatterometer that measured wind speeds and was attached to the International Space Station. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016, when it was shut down due to a power distribution unit failure. The instrument was removed from the International Space Station in January 2018 and destroyed upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.

answer:
ISS-RapidScat was an instrument mounted to the International Space Station's Columbus module that measured wind speeds. It was launched aboard SpaceX CRS-4 in September 2014 and operated until August 2016. It was a scatterometer designed to support weather forecasting by bouncing microwaves off the ocean's surface to measure wind speed. It featured a rotating radar dish that operated at 13.4 GHz (Ku band). It could collect data between 51.6 degrees north and south latitude, with a swath.

The ISS-RapidScat program was initiated in response to the failure of the QuikSCAT satellite's antenna rotation mechanism in November 2009. While the spacecraft continued to function, it could only gather data in one direction, significantly limiting its data collection ability. ISS-RapidScat was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from elements of QuikSCAT's SeaWinds instrument engineering model, originally used to validate that instrument's flight hardware prior to its launch in 1999. It was constructed in 18 months; re-using the QuikSCAT hardware had the double benefit of reducing cost and using already flight-proven hardware that functioned well in orbit.

The scatterometer was launched as external cargo aboard the SpaceX CRS-4 mission on 21 September 2014, attached to the unpressurized section of the Dragon capsule. Dragon was berthed to the station on 23 September. The instrument was removed from Dragon, robotically assembled and attached to Columbus between 29 and 30 September. It was powered up on 1 October and immediately began gathering data, which was first processed into an uncalibrated product on 3 October. ISS-RapidScat was declared fully operational and its data products properly calibrated on 10 November.

One of ISS-RapidScat's first observations was of Tropical Storm Simon off the coast of the Baja California Peninsula on 3 October 2014. It also played a role in observing the Category 5 Hurricane Patricia in October 2015, which was noted as one of the most powerful hurricanes on record, with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph. Data from ISS-RapidScat was disseminated worldwide for use in weather forecasting, and was used by the United States Navy, NOAA, and EUMETSAT, among others.

text: Too much information

refinement: The ISS-RapidScat instrument was a scatterometer that measured wind speeds and was attached to the International Space Station. It was launched in September 2014 and operated until August 2016, when it was shut down due to a power distribution unit failure. The instrument was removed from the International Space Station in January 2018 and destroyed upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.


text:
This story is from a recent car crash I was a part of and the events leading up to it.

**Car crash from last night, as I remember it.**

Two thirty-two ounce Jeremiah Reds and we still looked sharper than a butcher's knife. It takes a real man to order a bottle of red, and even more so to take them as effortlessly as we did. It was quite a sight for the regular crowd. Three manly men enjoying their drink and catching up on some sports down at the, always welcoming, BJ's brew house.

As it turns out, and although it may seem like it, not everything always goes our way. The home team lost a crucial playoff game, beers were running low, and I hadn't been offered sex all night. This combination of unfortunate mishaps started giving me an odd feeling. I needed to shake off this funk, but I was out of smokes. My good friend Mauri sensed my discomfort, that or my childish fidgeting from craving a smoke. Whatever the case, it worked. He spotted a friendly, slanted eyed, sports fan that headed out for an opium break. Lucky for us he happened to smoke regular stuff as well. Our type of stuff. Some quick witted banter later and we were three cigarettes richer. We took care of the first two immediately.

Mauri put away our third friend for a later puff. Normally he'll do it with such elegance, I swoon. This time though, it strangely grazed his slightly large, but still handsome, earlobe. What normally wouldn't affect a frail or even a wet cigarette, this time destroyed our last piece of lung candy. Things were happening. Bad vibes were definitely out tonight. I decided at this point, it was up to me to keep bad shit from happening. I didn't mention any of these strange occurrences to Mauri or Mikey, I had to keep my composure. Lead by example and example the lead. It works.

It was getting late and it began to feel as if we had overstayed our welcome, that or this one fat headed bartender felt threatened. He offered free beer in exchange for our absence. I'm no cheap man whore, but no man in their right mind would turn down free beer. As a matter of fact no man in any state of mind would. No man.

We left to resume our night. The feelings that manifested at the bar had followed to the parking lot. Maybe it just wasn't my night, maybe I was being a pussy, maybe fuck you reader, but I didn't even put up a fight for the front seat.

"Shotgun!" Mauri called enthusiastically.

I let out a quiet sigh, he rushed to the front. I'd usually sneak my way to passenger, tonight shotgun didn't appeal to me. I figured I should stop worrying and just enjoy my night. Mikey decided to play the classic sounds of our favorite trio, the Beastie Boys. With our last set of Reds in our hand and our heads boppin' he began to lay out the plan for the night.

"We're gonna head over to jack in the box to try that new jalapeno burger..." He said with such anticipation, and reassurance I had never heard from him. He was leading by example.

Just when I was starting to feel right for the night, my gut instinct struck again. I was nice and buzzed but these goddamn spidey senses were tingling. Before I knew it, everything slowed down. My senses were amplified. I had a moment of clarity in my drunken stupor. I looked around to see if the guys felt this moment of divine lucidity, but all I could make out was Mikey going on with the plans and Mauri trying to rap to the B-boys. I closed my eyes. This was it. Whatever bad energy that was following us, it was here and it was about to blow. It was up to me to try to decipher where it was going to come from. I presses my eyelids shut. And I knew.

"Holy shit!" Mauri yelled in the front.

I quickly fastened my seat belt and braced myself for impact. Some dumb bitch had made the roughest turn any of us had seen. Although alert Mikey reacted as fast as he cums, it wasn't fast enough for a clean escape. Mauri's glasses flew, Mikey's pride stung, and I had let them down. I should've said something. But men don't think in 'should'ves', we think for the moment and at that moment Mauri and I knew we had to dispose of any incriminating substance. We played the part.

"What the fuck?!" Mauri exclaimed as he stepped out.

"Ahh mah shoulder!" I played along.

"Are you guys ok?" A worried voice shouted from the other car. We had them.

I quickly grabbed my bottle of Red and made my way to some stairway away from the crash. Mauri followed, Mikey worked on damage control. Mauri and I did what we do best and chugged those big Reds until their last drop. No man wastes a free beer and we example by lead. I was clearly drunk after this. We found our way back to the mess. Scolded the girl on her driving skills, but there's only so much you can do for a woman driver, and I was glad the bad vibes ended with something so trivial as a car crash. We waited, smoked, took tourist pictures of the sight and decided it was as good moment as any to call it a night.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What were the narrator's expectations for the night?

answer: He is upset that his team in his favorite sports game lost; he is running out of cigarettes and has not yet been offered sex that night.

text: The response describes how the narrator is feeling but misses to mention what the narrator expected of the night.

refinement: The narrator expected for the home team to win the playoff game and to be offered sex. He is upset that the home team lost; he is running out of cigarettes and has not yet been offered sex that night.

answer: According to the passage, it seems the narrator was hoping that his term would win the playoffs. He was also hoping that he and his friends would have more than enough beer to drink as well as have sex with any willing women.

text: The response misspells team and mentions "term".

refinement: According to the passage, it seems the narrator was hoping that his team would win the playoffs. He was also hoping that he and his friends would have more than enough beer to drink as well as have sex with any willing women.

answer: It may be implied that the narrator was expecting to have an awesome evening with his friends Mauri and Mikey.

answer: The narrator expected to have a fun night with friends despite their setbacks, with the hope that they would not experience any more bad vibes.

answer: The narrator expected his night to go smoothly given his close friends and their shared interests. However, the night quickly took a turn for the worse with a car crash and increased sense of foreboding. The narrator had a moment of clarity that alerted him to pending bad results and he tried to protect his friends by disposing of incriminating evidence.

text: The response includes extraneous information that is not useful for the task.

refinement: The narrator expected his night to go smoothly given his close friends and their shared interests.

text: The response misses to specify what the narrator expected of the night. The passage implies the narrator expected the home team to win the playoff game, drink more beer and be offered sex.

refinement: The narrator expected his night to go smoothly given his close friends and their shared interests. He expected for the home team to win the playoff game, drink more beer and be offered sex.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What unique trait(s) stands out about the narrator?

answer:
1. They are observant.
2. Despite being on a fun bender, their instinctive always kicks in

answer: The narrator seems to be a superstitious person. He is also quite cautious for someone who lives to be drunk. Also, he seems to look out for his friends' well-being.

text: There's no direct evidence in the passage to suggest that the narrator is superstitious. However it is implied that he is instinctual.

refinement: The narrator seems to be an instinctual person. He is also quite cautious for someone who lives to be drunk. Also, he seems to look out for his friends' well-being.

answer: It may be that they have some degree of narcolepsy as at the end of the story his senses are enhanced and he stated he was having moments of clarity. This would go a long way towards explaining why he hit reflexively.

text: There is no evidence in the passage to suggest that the narrator is narcoleptic.

refinement: It may be that he is instinctual as at the end of the story his senses are enhanced and he stated he was having moments of clarity. This would go a long way towards explaining why he hit reflexively.

text: It is difficult to understand "hitting reflexively" in this context. It may be answered better by saying, it is why the narrator had all those feelings.

refinement: It may be that he is instinctual as at the end of the story his senses are enhanced and he stated he was having moments of clarity. This would go a long way towards explaining why he had all those feelings.

answer: The narrator displays strong perceptiveness and situational awareness, with the ability to pick up on changes in the environment. He also displays responsibility in making sure other people, namely Mauri and Mikey, stay safe.

answer: The narrator has unusually strong intuition, which helps him avoid harm. He is also no fool, and knows how to take care of himself, especially when the situation calls for discretion.


text:
The Turnbull Government has rejected a call from the Australian Medical Association to create a nation-wide Centre for Disease Control, to help prepare for and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases.

AMA President Dr Michael Gannon on Wednesday released a new position statement calling for such a centre to be established in Australia, similar to centres that exist in the United States and Europe.

[AMA president Michael Gannon's call for a new national Centre for Disease Control has been rejected by the Turnbull Government. Photo: Bohdan Warchomij]

__ AMA president Michael Gannon's call for a new national Centre for Disease Control has been rejected by the Turnbull Government. Photo: Bohdan Warchomij

Dr Gannon said Australia was the only nation in the OECD that did not have "an established national authority delivering scientific research and leadership in communicable disease control".

"There are emerging problems of controlling communicable diseases within Australia's borders, and a CDC would provide a national focus on current and emerging communicable disease threats.

Dr Gannon said the current system, relied on "disjointed state and Commonwealth structures, informal networks and collaborations, and the goodwill of public health and infectious disease physicians".

"If we are to be a serious force in combating disease in our region, we need a CDC," he said.

The nation's Chief Medical Officer, Professor Brendan Murphy said that the government was aware of the importance of having a robust public health system to prepare for and respond to such outbreaks.

But he said it was the department's view that the current arrangements were effective and "establishing a CDC would not add anything material to Australia's capacity to effectively respond to national communicable disease outbreaks".

"Public health stakeholders like the AMA are included in health emergency arrangements, a prime example was the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic where medical organisations, including the AMA, were vitally involved in the national health response," Prof Murphy said.

Prof Murphy said there were already "established and well-practiced" coordinating mechanisms, led by the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC), its five standing committees, as well as several Centres of Research Excellence focussed on infectious diseases.

He said responses to such outbreaks was run by the national Office of Health Protection, which in recent times had developed public health measures for Ebola, MERS-CoV and Zika virus.

The AMA's proposal has previously been backed by a number of different health organisations and infectious disease experts, and a 2013 Senate committee recommended the government explore the potential for creating a CDC in Australia.

After that inquiry, the COAG in 2014 instead opted for a National Framework Communicable Disease Control, backed by the AHPPC and the Communicable Diseases Network Australia.

Prof Murphy said that framework aimed to guide "whole of system actions" to ensure "stewardship of the communicable disease control system" and the department was working to "progress" an implementation plan for that framework.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who are the key individuals involved in the events described in the article?

answer: President Dr. Michael Gannon, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Professor Brendan Murphy

answer: The key individuals involved are AMA president Michael Gannon, Chief Medical Officer Professor Brendan Murphy, and the AHPPC, Communicable Diseases Network Australia, and COAG.

answer: President of the Australian Medical Association, Dr Michael Gannon, and Australian Chief Medical Officer, Professor Brendan Murphy.

answer: The AMA president, Dr Michael Gannon, is calling for a new Centre for Disease Control in Australia, while the nation's Chief Medical Officer, Professor Brendan Murphy, rejects the proposal.

answer: Michael Gannon (President, AMA), Brendan Murphy, (National Chief Medical Officer), Warchomij (taking a photograph of Gannon)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was this article published?

answer: The article was published on March 2nd, 2017.

text: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

refinement: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

answer: February 28, 2018

text: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

refinement: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

answer: That is not stated.

answer: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

answer: After January 1, 2020, but before January 1, 2021

text: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

refinement: Unclear but likely after 2014 (a National Framework for Communicable Diseases is mentioned as being established in 2014)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the intended audience?

answer: The intended audience of the passage is public health stakeholders in Australia and officials in the Turnbull Government.

text: People in Australia who are interested in or affected by communicable diseases.

refinement: People in Australia who are interested in or affected by communicable diseases.

answer: People in Australia who are interested in or affected by communicable diseases.

answer: That information can't be found

text: People in Australia who are interested in or affected by communicable diseases.

refinement: People in Australia who are interested in or affected by communicable diseases.

answer: Probably the general public; the language is not too jargon heavy.

answer: The audience is public health stakeholders like the AMA, government departments like the Chief Medical Officer, and infectious disease experts.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the stance taken by the author?

answer: The author takes a negative stance on the AMA's proposal to establish a nation-wide Centre for Disease Control. The government believes that the current arrangements are effective and that a CDC would not add anything material to Australia's capacity to effectively respond to national communicable diseases outbreaks.

text: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

refinement: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

answer: The author supports the stance of the government

text: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

refinement: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

answer: Doesn't go into details about the argument.

answer: The author rejects the proposal from the Australian Medical Association to create a nation-wide Centre for Disease Control. The current arrangements are adequate, and creating a CDC would not add anything material to Australia's capacity to effectively respond to national communicable disease outbreaks.

text: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

refinement: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

answer: Unclear - individuals on either side of the issue are quoted and the author does not explicitly express any opinions. However, the space given to quoting the government's representative is significantly greater.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is this article published?

answer: Somewhere in Australia.

answer: The article is published in the Sydney Morning Herald.

text: The article is published in Australian media outlets.

refinement: The article is published in Australian media outlets.

answer: The article is published in Australian media outlets.

answer: That information can't be found

text: The article is published in Australian media outlets.

refinement: The article is published in Australian media outlets.

answer: Probably a broadsheet news site and potentially one originating in Australia given the subject matter.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: In Australia, numerous government structures and committees are in place to prepare and respond to outbreaks. Despite this, the Australian Medical Association is looking to create a CDC Center for Disease Control similar the ones in the U.S. and Europe.

answer: This article gives a list of current Australia-specific communicable disease issues and why the new AIT government will not be putting a public health protective center in place. This article says that the 2020 plan is to run the CDC in a more refined manner.

text: no 2020 plan

refinement: This article gives a list of current Australia-specific communicable disease issues and why the new AIT government will not be putting a public health protective center in place.

answer: The Australian Government has rejected a call from the Australian Medical Association (AMA) to create a nation-wide Centre for Disease Control, to help prepare for and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases. The AMA believes that current health networks are inadequate, but the government believes that there are already coordinating mechanisms in place to respond to outbreaks.

answer: The Turnbull Government has rejected the Australian Medical Association's call for the creation of a Centre for Disease Control, to help prepare for and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases in Australia. The AMA claims the current arrangements are ineffective, but the government believes they are already effective and a CDC is unnecessary.

answer: The Australian Medical Association has called for the establishment of a national Centre for Disease Control in Australia but the Turnbull Government has rejected this proposal. The Department of Chief Medical Officer says that current arrangements are effective and argue that a CDC would not add anything material.


text:
[]

Budgeting is a catalyst for business success. Having a budget allows businesses to grow, enhance their operations, and minimise the effects of any unexpected costs. As a result, businesses can thrive and find new opportunities in their markets and industries.

_WHAT IS A BUDGET?_ A budget is a financial plan that gives guidelines for spending and sets financial targets for businesses to achieve. Budgeting identifies current available capital, provides an estimate of expenditure, and anticipates incoming revenue.

To optimise business success, Select Training and Management Consultancy L.L.C. will deliver suggestions for monitoring and controlling a business’ budget.

MONITORING THE BUDGET

After assessing all of the financial details needed to create a business’ budget, it is important to _monitor_ the budget for optimal effectiveness. Giving other individuals responsibility over certain areas of the budget, (by department, business unit, project, etc.), is a great way to make sure that it is closely considered in day-to-day operations. Scheduling regular meetings to discuss budget details will also ensure that the budget is not only being considered, but is being discussed.

To make sure your business’ budget is on track, Select recommends the following:

1.  Collect figures as they become available.
2.  Compare actual numbers with budgeted amounts.
3.  Cite reasons for positive and negative variances.
4.  Classify reasons as a trend or unique incident.

After using the previous tips to monitor your business’ budget, below are some signs that it is on track:

1.  Variances are minor.
2.  The reasons for any variances are already known and predicted.
3.  The reason for a negative variance is due to a unique incident and not a trend.

BUDGETARY CONTROL USING VARIANCES

A _VARIANCE_ is the difference between actual and planned results. Variances may be favourable or adverse, depending on whether a good or bad thing has happened. The calculation of variances allows managers to better monitor the performance of their business. It allows the variances to be analysed, the reasons to be examined, and the decisions to be made. By using the variances, managers can produce more accurate budgets in the future, which will help with planning and control.

The following list of formulae show how to calculate different variances:

1. MATERIAL VARIANCES:

Material price variances may occur if a discount is given, a business found a cheaper supplier, or there has been an unexpected rise in prices.

_Material price variance = (budgeted price – actual price) x actual usage_

Material usage variances may occur because of careless work creating waste, inefficiency, or a machine breakdown.

_Material usage variance = (budgeted usage – actual usage) x budgeted price_

2. LABOUR VARIANCES:

Wage rate variances can be caused by the activities of trade unions, the supply of labour. and government regulations.

_Wage rate variance = (budgeted wage rate – actual wage rate) x actual hours_

Labour efficiency variances are affected by the productivity of the workers, training, and the reliability of the machinery used.

_Labour efficiency variance = (budgeted hours – actual hours) x budgeted wage_

3. SALES MARGIN VARIANCES:

Sales margin price variances may arise due to changes in market conditions or unplanned changes in prices.

_Sales margin price variance = (actual price – budgeted price) x actual sales_

Sales volume variances can occur for many reasons. Changes in consumer tastes, the action of competitors, and changes in marketing techniques are a few causes.

_Sales volume variance = (actual sales – budgeted sales) x budgeted price_

Follow us on our social media accounts and visit our website at www.selecttraining.ae

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the main ideas allowing businesses to keep to their budgets?

answer: From the ideas listed above, it seems to come down to a few main ones: monitoring the budget and taking the time to look at it in regular meetings. Understanding that variances may need to be examined further is also crucial.

answer: The main idea behind keeping to a budget is monitoring the budget in order to make sure it is on track. By examining variances in expenditure and revenue, businesses can better assess their results and determine the causes of any issues or variances. This allows businesses to make better decisions in the future and plan more accurately moving forward.

answer: The setting up, monitoring, and constant discussion of the budget are critical. The responsibility should be given to many individuals to oversee and discuss. The discussions should follow the variances, the differences between the planned budget and actual spending.

answer: According to Select.co.ae, assuring that those in charge of certain areas of the budget have enough authority to achieve that goal is important. Frequent meetings to discuss budgetary details can help with getting more accurate budgets as well.

text: The response includes hard to understand information and is irrelevant to the passage.

refinement: Frequent meetings to discuss budgetary details can help with getting more accurate budgets as well.

text: The response misses to include monitoring the variances as one of the main ideas.

refinement: Frequent meetings to discuss budgetary details can help with getting more accurate budgets as well. Monitoring variances between planned and actual results help better monitor the performance of a business.

answer: The main ideas for effectively monitoring and keeping a budget are to collect figures as they become available, compare actual numbers with budgeted amounts, cite reasons for positive and negative variances, and classify reasons as a trend or unique incident. By standardising this process, managers can keep their budgets on track and improve their accuracy in the future.


text:
Suzy sat at her grandmother's lap, in the old house that her grandmother had lived in for many years now. She loved nights like these, where her grandmother would tell her stories. To her eight year old eyes, grandma was the wisest person in the whole city... no... the whole world. As her eyes scanned the room as her grandmother told her about how in her days they used to catch dragonflies and tie them on string, something glistened softly on the mantelpiece where the fireplace was. Upon closer inspection, she saw that it was a red stone set in what seemed to be a crude flower frame, no larger than her thumb. Curious about the object she turned and asked her grandmother, who had the answer to everything "Gramma, what's that?".

Anna was taken by surprise, because Suzy had been quiet all the while. She looked in the direction that her granddaughter was pointing, and saw the little brooch on the mantelpiece. "Why Suzy, you mean the little flower brooch over there? The red one?" said Anna. Suzy looked confused. "Gramma... what's a broooch?" she asked. Anna laughed and said as simply as she could "Well, it's a shiny thing just like that one, which we sometimes use to pin to clothes". "ohh..." said Suzy, and she got up to take a closer look. Her grandmother motioned to her to bring it closer, and Suzy sat in her lap once more, this time with brooch in hand.

"Where did you get it from gramma? Did grampa give it to you?" asked Suzy. Anna laughed again, then with a slightly more solemn expression said "No, not from grampa. It was a present from someone else, when I was very young. In fact, I think I was just about your age". "Wow... who was it?" asked Suzy, filled with curiousity. Anna smiled gently at her granddaughter, and told her story just as she remembered it...

Anna was playing in the snow then, something she had always loved. Her father had been gone for 2 years at that point, and her mother was busy at work as usual. Her brother was in the house, studying furiously as he had been for some time, and he was never any fun. So she had gone to her secret spot in the hilltop where she could see the whole town and where the air was fresher. There she observed the hustle and bustle as the people went about their day in the city below, and she drew circles in the snow. Ah... bliss.

Not long after she had begun to build a tiny snowman army, she heard footsteps coming up the pathway. Turning around, she saw a man dressed in a winter coat walking up the path. When he caught sight of her, he smiled and winked at her. "Ah, so my secret place isn't so secret after all, is it?" he said. Anna frowned and said "Nuh uh, this is my secret place! I came here first! It's mine, mister!". "Ah, you must be right! My mistake. Well, it's been a tough day, so would you mind sharing your special spot with me for awhile so I can catch my breath?" said the man playfully. Anna inspected him from head to toe before finally saying "Well... you look you're not a bad guy, so I guess I'll let you. But just this once!". The man smiled, and thanked her graciously.

He sat there in the snow watching the city, while she continued building the snowman army. Once that was complete, she started work on the bad guys, big monstrous creatures. Of course, they would still be no match for her army, because the bad guys always lose in the end. All of the stories her mother told her ended that way.

After he had sat there for a long time, he came over to her to see what she had made. "So... what do have here, little one?" he asked again. "These" she said, pointing to the snowman army "are the good guys and they will fight against" then she pointed to the monsters she had made out of snow "these baddies here. And they'll win of course!". The man smiled, a little sadly. "Do the good guys always win?" he asked weakly. "Yes! Of course they do!" said Anna confidently. The man fell silent for a short while. Then he said "I wish I had your conviction little one, but sometimes it feels as though no matter what I do, no matter how hard we fight, the bad guys won't give in". "Don't worry mister" said Anna, "as long as you're a good guy you have nothing to fear, right?". He smiled, and then nodded.

"You're right, little one." he said. "It's hard sometimes. I'm sure even for a little one like you this war has been hard. So many of our people are suffering because of it. Yet it is a necessary suffering, because we have to win against the bad guys. We have to do what is right." he said with a steely resolve in his voice. "I promise you little one, when this war is over, things will be good again. We will have won against the bad guys, and things will be good" he said. Anna jumped excitedly upon hearing this, and danced in the snow. "You better win against the baddies mister!" she said. the man simply nodded in response.

They heard footsteps walking up the hill, and a soldier dressed in full military regalia walked towards them. The man smiled and said "looks like I have to go little one. You have been good company, and I feel refreshed. Thank you for sharing your spot with me". He pulled out a brooch from his coat pocket, shaped like a flower and with a ruby in the middle and handed it to her. "This I bought for someone else, but I think it is better left with you". Anna stared at the shiny brooch, and beamed with excitement upon receiving something so beautiful. She hugged him in gratitude.

Then the soldier spoke "Fuhrer, it is time for us to go". The man smiled at Anna once more, and he left with the soldier.

That was the first and last time she ever saw the man in person.

"Why do you keep it gramma?" asked Suzy. "Well..." said Anna, "I used to believe, just like that man that evil and good were two easily distinguishable things. That there were the good guys and the bad guys, and the purpose of the good guys was to make sure the bad guys were defeated at all costs. People will tell you this Suzy, that this man is bad, or that man is good. In reality I think that it isn't anywhere near that simple." She held her granddaughter close.

" I guess the reason I keep it Suzy, is to remind myself to never lose sight of the humanity that is in us all".

title: Red

question: In what time period is the story set?

answer: The story is set in the past, likely during a time of war or conflict.

answer: The soldier refers to the older man as the Fuhrer, probably referring to Adolf Hitler. This story was set in Germany during the second world war. An ongoing war is referred to.

answer: That information can't be found

text: Can be found

answer: The story is set in the present day.

text: The frame narrative is set in the present day, but the story in the story is set in WWII.

refinement: The frame narrative is set in the present day, but the story in the story is set in WWII.

question: Who gave Anna the brooch?

answer: A man who she met in her secret spot in the hilltop.

text: No content

answer: The man did, when Anna was young.

answer: An older man approached her while she was playing and sat with her for a while. A soldier comes to fetch the man and refers to him as Fuhrer, referring to Adolf Hitler.

question: What does the brooch remind Anna of?

answer: The brooch reminds Anna of the humanity that is in us all.

answer: The brooch reminds Anna of the humanity that is in us all.

answer: The brooch reminds Anna of the humanity that exists in all people, no matter what their perceived 'good' or 'bad' qualities may be.

answer: Anna keeps the brooch because it reminds her that there is humanity in us all.

question: Explain why Anna kept the brooch.

text: No content

refinement: To remind herself of the humanity in us all.

answer: Anna kept the brooch as a reminder that not everything is black and white, and that even the "bad guys" have a humanity to them. She believes that it is important to remember that everyone is capable of good, even if they have done bad things in the past.

answer: Anna kept the brooch to remind herself to never lose sight of the humanity that is in us all.

answer: Anna kept the brooch because good and evil are not easily distinguishable things.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The story is about a girl who meets a man who tells her that good and evil are not easily distinguishable. The girl is given a brooch by the man and she keeps it to remind herself of the humanity in all people.

text: Not specific enough

refinement: The story is about a girl who meets a man who tells her that good and evil are not easily distinguishable. This man is Hitler. The girl is given a brooch by the man and she keeps it to remind herself of the humanity in all people.

answer: Suzy asks her grandmother about the brooch she has on the mantelpiece. Her grandmother tells her that it was a present from a man she met when she was eight years old. The man was a soldier who told her that the war they were fighting was necessary and that when it was over, things would be good again. He gave her the brooch and told her that it was for someone else, but he thought it was better left with her.

text: Not specific enough about Hitler

refinement: Suzy asks her grandmother about the brooch she has on the mantelpiece. Her grandmother tells her that it was a present from a man she met when she was eight years old. The man was Hitler, and he told her that the war they were fighting was necessary and that when it was over, things would be good again. He gave her the brooch and told her that it was for someone else, but he thought it was better left with her.

answer: An 8 year old girl, Suzy, asks her grandmother, Anna, about a brooch on the mantelpiece. Anna explains that when she was 8 years old she was building an army of snow men when a man approached and asked if he could enjoy the view. Later he asked what she was building and she told him about the good guys always beating the bad guys. When he is called away by a soldier he gives her a brooch. This brooch, given by the Fuhrer, reminds Anna that there is humanity in all of us.

answer: The story tells of a young girl who meets a man who tells her that good and evil are easily distinguishable. The girl keeps the man's gift, a red flower brooch, as a reminder that everyone has some good in them.

text: Needs information about the identity of the man

refinement: The story tells of a young girl who meets a man who tells her that good and evil are easily distinguishable. It turns out this man is Hitler. The girl keeps the man's gift, a red flower brooch, as a reminder that everyone has some good in them. Later she grows up and tells the story to her granddaughter, Suzy.


text:
VLADIMIR SLEPIAN, a.k.a. ERIC PID (; 1930 – 7 July 1998) is a French artist and writer of Russian-Jewish origin.

Biography

Son of a repressed and executed Soviet functionary, Vladimir Slepian was born in Prague and resided in Leningrad before moving to Moscow. He began his university studies in mathematics, continuing as a student of fine art. In 1956 Slepian moved to Moscow. He attended the Picasso exhibition at the Pushkin Museum and presented his paintings to David Burliuk, who was then staying at Hotel Moskva. Burliuk inspired Slepian to look towards the way Jackson Pollock deposited paint on canvas with broad, lunging, spontaneous gestures. Slepian’s style evolved towards happening and performance art. He devoted several years to action painting. On one occasion, Slepian conducted a séance of simultaneous painting in collaboration with Yuri Zlotnikov. They suspended a bedsheet in the middle of a room and each of them painted one side of it whilst following the actions of his partner on the other side through the translucent fabric. Slepian created abstract paintings using a gas torch and paint dispensed out of a pump. He is said to have worked on a canvas a few kilometers long, by pouring paint on it from a truck. Slepian also made a pilgrimage to Nazım Hikmet, who assured him and his friends that modern art will prevail over political oppression. In 1957 Paris' Right Bank Galerie Daniel Cordier mounted an anonymous exhibition of paintings by Vladimir Slepian, smuggled out of Moscow by its owner.

Vladimir Slepian emigrated to France in 1958, by way of Poland. In 1960 he conducted a performance of “transfinite painting” (“трансфинитная живопись”) in Paris. Slepian sprinted along a roll of paper a hundred meters long, depositing paint in a manner that recalled calligraphy. Slepian competed with Georges Mathieu, by creating a picture in ninety seconds. He is said to have turned a road into an action painting by throwing paint onto it whilst riding a motorcycle. In 1963, Slepian gave up painting, resolving to concentrate on writing. He founded a successful translation bureau, explaining his ambition as using his intelligence to put others to work for his benefit, whilst enjoying idleness. His business operated successfully until its manager quit in a protest against Slepian’s despotism.

In his only published French text, a short story _Fils de chien_, Vladimir Slepian writes of a man who decides to become a dog. He transforms himself one limb and one organ at a time, mapping the effects of the canine body across a human form in a kind of diagramming. Since dogs are quadrupeds, he ties shoes to his hands and feet. When his paws prevent him from lacing the fourth shoe, he uses his mouth, which becomes a dog's snout. This metamorphosis almost succeeds, until the hero comes to the dog’s tail, for which he can find no analogue among human limbs. For him to involve his sexual organ in this transmogrification would tear him away from the society that he has begun to flee. Who would he be, if his identity could not be inferred from his anatomy? The story ends with a descent into childhood memories of the protagonist's mother. It appeared in n° 7 of the _Revue Minuit_ alongside texts by Samuel Beckett, Robert Pinget, and Alain Robbe-Grillet. It served as inspiration for discussion by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in _A Thousand Plateaus_.

Several years later, Vladimir Slepian renamed himself Eric Pid. He explained his new French name as an anagram of the blind king Oedipus, alluding to blindness at the etymological origins of his Russian family name. In his later years, Slepian succeeded at having his dramatic text staged as an interpolation in _A quand Agamemnon ?_, an adaptation of Aeschylus’ _Agamemnon_ by Philippe Brunet and Demodocos, a band of young artists specialized in classical theatre, performed in French, Latin and/or ancient Greek. He went around Paris, distributing framed photographs of this performance for wall display at restaurants. On 7 July 1998, Slepian collapsed on a sidewalk at Saint-Germain des Prés. The cause of his death is variously reported as hunger and a cardiac crisis. He was buried as an indigent, at the state’s expense.

Vladimir Slepian’s life served as inspiration for Viktor Atemian, the protagonist of 2007 feature film _L’Homme qui marche_ by Aurélia Georges.

title: Vladimir Slepian

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What made Vladimir Slepian stand out as an artist?

answer: He began his university studies in mathematics, continuing as a student of fine art. In 1956 Slepian moved to Moscow. He attended the Picasso exhibition at the Pushkin Museum and presented his paintings to David Burliuk.

text: The response doesn't answer the question of how Slepian stood out as an artist.

refinement: Slepian stood out as an artist as his style evolved towards happening and performance art. He devoted several years to action painting, famously riding a motorcycle and throwing paint on the road, turning it into an action painting. He wasn't afraid to push the envelope when it came to experimenting with different methods of modern art. He was known to paint using various industrial and household items, such as trucks, bedsheets, and blowtorches.

answer: He appears to work with, or just very near, his contemporaries and his work progressed while they had progressed. This way, whatever was available was in keeping, within the same artistic style network, as it were. He is also quoted to have said, "Who would I be, if my identity could not be inferred from my anatomy?" This hints at an overarching question he seems to have asked himself and, in turn, applied to his artwork.

text: The response doesn't give anything concrete about what made Slepian stand out as an artist.

refinement: Slepian stood out as an artist as his style evolved towards happening and performance art. He devoted several years to action painting, famously riding a motorcycle and throwing paint on the road, turning it into an action painting. He wasn't afraid to push the envelope when it came to experimenting with different methods of modern art. He was known to paint using various industrial and household items, such as trucks, bedsheets, and blowtorches.

answer: Vladimir Slepian is known for his style of action painting and experimentation with form and function. He had a tumultuous relationship with the art world, abandoning painting in favor of writing before returning to painting. Slepian was also known to be eccentric, creating abstract paintings with gas torches and conducting extensive performance art.

answer: Slepian modeled his art after Jackson Pollock's paintbrush style. he later evolved into a performance artist, making his art in the presence of others, while bypassing canvas for everyday objects. Slepian once painted on a bedsheet alongside Yuri Zlotnikov and did an action painting by pouring paint on the road while riding a motorcycle. These sorts of performances made Slepian stand out as an artist.

answer: Vladimir Slepian was notable as an artist for his experimental use of unusual methods, such as his use of paint dispensed through a pump and action painting done with a motorcycle. This experimentation reflects his determination to adhere to artistic innovation and strive for creative possibilities above traditional methods.


text:
D'ALBERTIS' PYTHON (_Bothrochilus albertisii_), also known commonly as D'ALBERT'S WATER PYTHON or the NORTHERN WHITE-LIPPED PYTHON, is a species of python, a non-venomous snake in the family Pythonidae. The species is endemic to New Guinea.[1] There are no subspecies that are currently recognized as being valid.[2]

Geographic range and habitat

_B. albertisii_ is found in most of New Guinea below , including the islands of Salawati and Biak, Normanby, Mussau and Emirau,[3] as well as a few islands in the Torres Strait.

The type locality given is "_Kapaor in Nova Guinea boreali occidentali ... et prope Andai_ ". The authors also stated localities for two additional specimens: “_... un esemplare a Kapaor fra i Papua Onin..._” and “_... un secondo esemplare ad Andai presso Dorei..._” (= Kapoar, Onin Peninsula and Andai, near Dorei, Irian Jaya, Indonesia).[4]

Some doubt can be cast on its occurrence on Normanby, as McDowell (1975)[5] had erroneously assigned Bara Bara to this island, rather than to the mainland of Papua New Guinea[6] in Milne Bay Province as stated by Boulenger (1898)[7] and Koopman (1982).[8]

Etymology

The specific name, _albertisii_, is in honor of Italian explorer Luigi D'Albertis.[9][10]

Description

Female adults of _B. albertisii_ grow to an average of about 213 cm (6–7 ft) in total length (including tail). Both sexes are patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black markings on the anterior edge of the scales. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to gray.

Behavior

Although mostly terrestrial, _B. albertisii_ can and is known to occasionally climb.[11] White-lipped pythons are reportedly aggressive, though this is reduced in those born and raised in captivity.[12] _L. albertisii_ also has been observed to regularly regurgitate fur balls from its prey.[13]

Feeding

The diet of _B. albertisii_ includes a range of small-sized to medium-sized birds and mammals.[14] Neonates and juveniles often feed on lizards. Heat sensitive pits in the upper and lower jaws are used to help locate prey during nocturnal hunting.[15]

Reproduction

_B. albertisii_ is oviparous. A sexually mature female may lay a clutch of about a dozen eggs. The eggs stick together in a compact pile, and the female coils around them. The hatchlings emerge after about two months of incubation and are about in length.[16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). _Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1_. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. (series). (volume).

[5] McDowell SB (1975). “A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomon’s, with special Reference to Those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II”. (24.02.1975). _Journal of Herpetology_ 9 (1): 1-79.

[6]

[7] Boulenger GA (1898). “An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. L. Loria in British New Guinea”. _Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova_, Series 2, 18: 694-710.

[8] Koopman KF (1982). “Results of the Archibold Expedition No. 109. Bats from Eastern Papua and the East Papua Islands”. _American Museum Novitates_ (2747): 1-34.

[9] Peters W, Doria G (1878). "_Catalogo dei rettili e dei batraci raccolti da O. Beccari, L. M. D'Albertis e A. A. Bruijn nella sotto-regione austro-malese_ “. _Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova_, Series 1, 13: 323-450. (”_Liasis Albertisii_ ", new species, pp. 401-403 + Plate III, Figure 2). (in Italian and Latin).

[10] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). _The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles_. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (_Leiopython albertisii_, p. 64; _L. bennettorum_, p. 22).

[11]  Cold Blood Creations.

[12]

[13]

[14] Mehrtens JM (1987). _Living Snakes of the World in Color_. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. .

[15]

[16]

title: D'Albertis python

question: What is Bothrochilus albertisii?

answer: The D'Albertis Pyton is a species of python

text: This is not its commonly used name/ misspelt

refinement: The D'Albertis Pyton also known as D'ALBERT'S WATER PYTHON or the NORTHERN WHITE-LIPPED PYTHON is a species of python

answer: Commonly known as D'Albert's Water Python or Northern White-Lipped Python, it's a species of python, a non-venomous snake in the family Pythonidae.

answer: The D'Albertis's Water Python, also known as the Northern White-lipped Python, is a species of python. It is endemic to New Guinea.

text: The last sentence is not required

refinement: The D'Albertis's Water Python, also known as the Northern White-lipped Python, is a species of python. I

question: Where is it found?

answer: It's endemic to New Guinea including the islands of Salawati and Blak, Normanby, Mussau, and Emirau, as well as a few islands in the Torres Strait.

answer: It can be found in most of New Guinea, Salawati, Biak, Normanby, Mussau, and Emirau.

text: incomplete answer

refinement: It can be found in most of New Guinea, Salawati, Biak, Normanby, Mussau, and Emirau as well as a few islands in the Torres Straits

answer: New Guinea, Indonesia

text: Incomplete answer

refinement: It is found in most of New Guinea below , including the islands of Salawati and Biak, Normanby, Mussau and Emirau, and a few islands in the Torres Strait.

question: How long are hatchlings?

answer: According to the passage, hatchlings of D'Albertis Python are approximately 23 cm (9 inches) in length.

text: The passage doesn't say

answer: Based on the passage, hatchlings of _B. albertisii_ are about in length.

answer: Doesn't say

question: What characterizes the species?

answer: The D'Albertis' python (Bothrochilus albertisii) is a non-venomous Python species endemic to New Guinea. They are mainly terrestrial but can also occasionally climb. They mainly prey on small-sized to medium-sized birds and mammals, and grow to about 213 cm in length. They lay eggs which hatch after about two months of incubation.

text: The incubation period is less important than the defining features

refinement: The D'Albertis' python (Bothrochilus albertisii) is a non-venomous Python species endemic to New Guinea. They are mainly terrestrial but can also occasionally climb. They mainly prey on small-sized to medium-sized birds and mammals, and grow to about 213 cm in length. They are patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black markings on the anterior edge of the scales. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to gray.

answer: The D'Albertis's python is a New Guinea-endemic species that usually hunts for small-to-medium-sized birds and mammals. The species is oviparous and young usually feed on lizards.

text: If you were standing in front of this python, you couldn't identify it from this description.

refinement: The D'Albertis's python is a New Guinea-endemic species that usually hunts for small-to-medium-sized birds and mammals. They are patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black markings on the anterior edge of the scales. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to gray.

answer: They're patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black  markings. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to grey.

text: Could include the length

refinement: They're patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black  markings. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to grey. Female adults grow to between 6 and 7 foot.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: D'Albertis' python is a snake species, endemic to New Guinea. There is doubt cast onto its occurrence on Normanby, as McDowell inaccurately assigned to that island, rather than to the mainland of Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay Province. Sexually mature female pythons lay a clutch of 12 eggs, which stick together while she coils around them, and hatchlings emerge after two months.

text: The second sentence is confusing and out of context. It should be replaced

refinement: D'Albertis' python is a snake species, endemic to New Guinea. The snakes are non-venomous and are known to occasionally climb. They prey on mammals and birds. Sexually mature female pythons lay a clutch of 12 eggs, which stick together while she coils around them, and hatchlings emerge after two months.

answer: Bothrochilus albertisii, commonly known as D'Albert's Water Python or Northern White-Lipped Python is a species of python, a non-venomous snake in the family Pythonidae. It is found in New Guinea including the islands of Salawati and Blak, Normanby, Mussau, and Emirau, as well as a few islands in the Torres Strait.They're patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black  markings. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally or blackish-blue fading to grey.

text: This is less a summary than a cut and paste of two lengthy paragraphs

refinement: Bothrochilus albertisii, commonly known as D'Albert's Water Python or Northern White-Lipped Python is a species of non-venomous snake. It is found in New Guinea. The snakes are patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black  markings. The snakes feed on mammals and birds.

answer: The D'Albertis's water python is a species of python that is a non-venomous snake that can be found in places below New Guinea. They are patternless except for some light markings on the postoculars. Female adults of this species grow to an average of 213 cm. The diet includes attracting bird and mammal.

text: Small grammatical error in the last sentence.

refinement: The D'Albertis's water python is a species of python that is a non-venomous snake that can be found in places below New Guinea. They are patternless except for some light markings on the postoculars. Female adults of this species grow to an average of 213 cm. The diet includes birds and mammals.

answer: The D'Albertis python, also known as the northern white-lipped python, is an Australian python species found in New Guinea. The species is endangered and animal is not considered dangerous. This snake is largely terrestrial, but can and is known to occasionally climb. Females grow to 213 cm (6–7 ft) in length on average and lay a handful of eggs at a time.

text: It is not endangered. It is threatened.

refinement: The D'Albertis python, also known as the northern white-lipped python, is an Australian python species found in New Guinea. The species is threatened and animal is not considered dangerous. This snake is largely terrestrial, but can and is known to occasionally climb. Females grow to 213 cm (6–7 ft) in length on average and lay a handful of eggs at a time.

answer: The D'Albertis' Python, also known as the Northern White-lipped python or D'Albert's water python, is a species of python. The species is endemic to New Guinea. They are patternless with some light markings on the postocular scales. The female of the species grows to 213 centimeters in length.

answer: The species D'Albertis' python is a snake that is found in most of New Gibe. It is in the Pythonidae family, a non-venomous, non-climber. They are oviparous and lay a dozen eggs.

text: Incorrect location

refinement: The species D'Albertis' python is a snake that is found in most of New Guinea. It is in the Pythonidae family, a non-venomous, non-climber. They are oviparous and lay a dozen eggs.

text: The snake climbs occasionally

refinement: The species D'Albertis' python is a snake that is found in most of New Guinea. It is in the Pythonidae family, a non-venomous snake that occasionally climbs. They are oviparous and lay a dozen eggs.

text: A little more information would be good

refinement: The species D'Albertis' python is a snake that is found in most of New Guinea. It is in the Pythonidae family, a non-venomous, non-climber. They are patternless, except for some light markings on the postoculars. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, and the upper and lower labial scales are white with black markings on the anterior edge of the scales.