text:
JOHN HAROLD PICKERING (February 27, 1916 – March 19, 2005) was a founding partner of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which became one of Washington, D.C.'s most prominent law firms. He was best known for his role as an appellate lawyer in cases with national significance. He also had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

John Harold Pickering was born in Harrisburg, Illinois. He graduated in 1938 from the University of Michigan and in 1940 from the University of Michigan Law School. He started his law career in New York with the firm now called Cravath, Swaine & Moore, where he met his future partner Lloyd N. Cutler. He then served for two years as a law clerk to Justice Frank Murphy of the United States Supreme Court, a former governor of Michigan known as a defender of civil liberties. Justice Murphy's belief in the importance of the law as a tool for the public good had a lasting influence on Pickering. In World War II, he served in the Navy, where he advanced to the rank of lieutenant commander.

After the war, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. One prominent Supreme Court case, in which he and Bruce Bromley were involved, was the steel seizure case in 1952, in which the Supreme Court set limits on presidential authority. In 1962, together with Lloyd N. Cutler and Richard Wilmer, he co-founded a firm called Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which initially had 19 lawyers. The firm's strengths included regulatory matters, securities law, communications law, and antitrust. Over time, the firm opened offices in London, Brussels, Berlin, and New York and grew to several hundred lawyers. John Pickering was remembered by his colleagues as an exceptional mentor who always took a personal interest in young lawyers and staff. He also promoted the highest standards of ethics and professionalism in the law and was a strong advocate of pro bono service. In 2004, the firm merged with a Boston firm, Hale & Dorr, to become Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr (often called WilmerHale), one of the largest law firms in the world.

Pickering's practice focused on appellate work, in which he represented a number of major corporate clients. His pro bono work involved civil rights in Mississippi, doctor-assisted suicide, affirmative action in admissions at the University of Michigan, the financing of legal services for the poor, the rights of the elderly, and the House's expulsion of Representative Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Democrat of New York. He was active in the D.C. Bar, serving on the Board of Governors from 1975-1978 and a term as president in 1979–1980, and in the American Bar Association. In 1999 he received the highest honor bestowed by the ABA, the ABA Medal, for “conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence.” He received other awards noting his work in the areas of civil rights, social justice, and the needs of the elderly.

His first wife was Elsa Mueller Pickering of Newark, New Jersey, to whom he was married for 47 years and who died in 1988. He married his second wife, Helen Patton Wright, widow of Judge J. Skelly Wright of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, in 1990. He was survived by his wife Helen, two daughters, Victoria Pickering of Bethesda, Maryland and Leslie Pickering Francis of Salt Lake City, Utah, a stepson, James S. Wright Jr. of Washington, D.C., and five grandchildren, and predeceased by one grandchild.

His one million dollar philanthropic gift to the University of Michigan was used to establish a Frank Murphy seminar room.[1]

Sources

-   New York Times, March 22, 2005, “John H. Pickering, 89, a Founder of a Leading U.S. Law Firm, Is Dead”
-   John H. Pickering Dies at 89; Attorney Co-Founded D.C. Firm
-   Firm Mourns Loss of John H. Pickering
-   Commemoration and Dedication, Lloyd N. Cutler and John H. Pickering, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Door LLP, Sept. 6, 2006
-   Washington Lawyer (magazine published by D.C. Bar), May 2005, “John Pickering Dies”

Notes

[1] University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy.

title: John H. Pickering

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe some interesting facts about John Harold Pickering.

answer: After being discharged early because of a medical condition, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. He received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School and graduated from the University of Michigan. He co-founded a firm called Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering with three other people, Richard Wilmer (who died in 1966), Lloyd N. Cutler and Bruce Bromley in 1962. He married his second wife, Helen Wright, a widow in 1990. Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer and pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

text:
-The text does not mention that Pickering was discharged from anywhere because of a medical condition. It appears the model either made it up or outsourced that information. This should be removed and replaced with a more accurate detail.
-Pickering co-founded the law firm with Cutler and Wilmer. Bromley was not mentioned as part of the founders of the firm. Clearly, he was not a co-founder since his name is not listed in the law firm's name. This should also be removed.
-The text does not mention when Richard Wilmer died. That aspect of the sentence should be removed.

refinement: After World War II, Pickering practiced law in Washington, D.C. He received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School and graduated from the University of Michigan. He co-founded a firm called Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering with Richard Wilmer and Lloyd N. Cutler in 1962. He married his second wife, Helen Wright, a widow in 1990. Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer and pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

text:
-The model omits that Pickering served in the navy in World War II before practicing law.
-The model omits that he began his law career in new york. This should be mentioned.
-Another interesting fact the answer omits is that Pickering received the highest honor of the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence. This should also be included.

refinement: John Pickering began his law career in New York in a firm now called Cravath, Swaine, and Moore. He then served in the Navy during World War II, where he advanced to lieutenant commander. After World War II, Pickering went on to practice law in Washington, D.C. He graduated from the University of Michigan and received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School. Pickering co-founded Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering with Richard Wilmer and Lloyd N. Cutler in 1962. In 1999, he received the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence. This is the highest honor by the ABA. He married his second wife, Helen Wright, a widow in 1990. Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer and pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

text: The points are not arranged chronologically as it appears in the text. This should be rewritten.

refinement: John Pickering graduated from the University of Michigan and received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School. He began his law career in New York in a firm now called Cravath, Swaine, and Moore. He then served in the Navy during World War II, where he advanced to lieutenant commander. After World War II, Pickering practiced law in Washington, D.C. Pickering co-founded Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering with Richard Wilmer and Lloyd N. Cutler in 1962. In 1999, he received the ABA medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence, which is the highest honor by the ABA. He married his second wife, Helen Wright, a widow in 1990. Overall, Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer, and pro bono works for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

text: Pickering's marriage to Helen Wright should be removed because it's not an interesting fact. The interesting fact should be his achievements as a lawyer and not his personal life. That sentence is the only one out of place in the entire summary. The model should consider removing that line.

refinement: John Pickering graduated from the University of Michigan and received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School. He began his law career in New York in a firm now called Cravath, Swaine, and Moore, where he met his future partner Lloyd N. Cutler. He then served in the Navy during World War II, where he advanced to lieutenant commander. After World War II, Pickering practiced law in Washington, D.C. Pickering co-founded Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering with Richard Wilmer and Lloyd N. Cutler in 1962. In 1999, he received the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence, which is the highest honor by the ABA. Overall, Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer, and pro bono works for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

answer: John Harold Pickering was best known for his role as an appellate lawyer in cases that had national significance. He started his law career in New York with the firm called Cravath, Swaine, and Moore. Pickering served in the Navy during World War II and became a lieutenant commander. The most important thing to note about Pickering was that he had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly and advocated for the cause of civil rights.

text: The answer omitted an essential fact about John being the highest honor he received from the ABA. This should be included as an interesting fact.

refinement: John Harold Pickering was best known for his role as an appellate lawyer in national significance cases. He started his law career in New York with the firm Cravath, Swaine, and Moore. Pickering also served in the Navy during World War II and became a lieutenant commander. Additionally, in 1999, he received the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence, which is the highest honor by the ABA. The most important thing to note about Pickering was that he had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly and advocated for the cause of civil rights.

answer: John Harold Pickering was born in Harrisburg, Illinois and graduated from both the undergraduate and law schools at University of Michigan. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy and later co-founded the law firm Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, in 1962. Pickering specialized in appellate work, representing major corporate clients, and worked extensively in civil rights, social justice, and elder care. Pickering was awarded the ABA Medal and passed away in 2005.

text:
-The model need not mention when he died since it didn't say when he was born either. That fact is not interesting and should be removed.
-The model omitted 'the' before university.
-The model misspelled eldercare, which should be corrected.
-It also doesn't explain what the ABA Medal is for. This should be mentioned.

refinement: John Harold Pickering was born in Harrisburg, Illinois, and graduated from both the undergraduate and law schools at the University of Michigan. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy and later co-founded the law firm Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in 1962. Pickering specialized in appellate work, representing major corporate clients, and worked extensively in civil rights, social justice, and eldercare. In 1999, Pickering was also awarded the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence, which is the highest honor by the ABA.

answer: He was a founding partner of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which became one of Washington, D.C.'s most prominent law firms.

text: The answer is insufficient and does not provide more interesting facts about Pickering, as mentioned in the article. The model should consider including the necessary details.

refinement: John Pickering graduated from the University of Michigan and received a Law degree from the University of Michigan Law School. He began his law career in New York in a firm now called Cravath, Swaine, and Moore, where he met his future partner Lloyd N. Cutler. He then served in the Navy during World War II, where he advanced to lieutenant commander. After World War II, Pickering practiced law in Washington, D.C. Pickering co-founded Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, a prominent law firm in Washington, D.C, with Richard Wilmer and Lloyd N. Cutler in 1962. In 1999, he received the ABA Medal for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence, which is the highest honor by the ABA. Overall, Pickering was best known for his work as an appellate lawyer, and pro bono works for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

answer: John Harold Pickering was an American lawyer who specialized in appellate work. He served as a law clerk to Justice Frank Murphy and participated in landmark cases on issues like presidential authority and civil rights. He also actively supported pro bono causes and was president of the ABA. Pickering was survived by his wife Helen and daughters Victoria and Leslie.

text: The last sentence is irrelevant because it's not an interesting fact. It should be replaced with an interesting fact about his career.

refinement: John Harold Pickering was an American lawyer who specialized in appellate work. He served as a law clerk to Justice Frank Murphy and participated in landmark cases on presidential authority and civil rights issues. He also actively supported pro bono causes and was president of the ABA. Pickering was awarded the ABA Medal, the highest honor by the ABA in 1999, for conspicuous service in the cause of American jurisprudence.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the work Pickering did.

answer: He had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

text: This answer is insufficient. There are other things Pickering achieved that wasn't mentioned. They should be included in the answer.

refinement: Pickering was a lawyer who co-founded Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, and his practice focused on appellate work. He represented several major corporate clients. Pickering also did a lot of pro bono work that involved civil rights in Mississippi. He also had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly. Pickering was also active in the D.C. Bar and served on the Board of Governors from 1975-1978 and in the American Bar Association.

answer: John Pickering was a noted appellate lawyer and pro bono advocate. His work focussed on representing corporate clients in appellate cases as well as advocating civil rights and providing support for the needs of the elderly.

text: The answer omits that his pro bono work was also for the poor. It should add this.

refinement: John Pickering was a noted appellate lawyer and pro bono advocate. His work focussed on representing corporate clients in appellate cases as well as advocating civil rights and providing support for the needs of the poor and elderly.

answer: Pickering was a founding partner of  Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which became one of Washington, D.C.'s most prominent law firms. He was best known for his role as an appellate lawyer in cases with national significance. He also had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly, and for the cause of civil rights. His philanthropic work included providing scholarships.

text: The last sentence is not true to the text or was likely outsourced. The model should consider removing this.

refinement: Pickering was a founding partner of  Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which became one of Washington, D.C.'s most prominent law firms. He was best known for his role as an appellate lawyer in cases with national significance. He also had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly and for the cause of civil rights.

answer: Pickering was a lawyer and his practice focused on appellate work. He represented a number of major corporate clients. Pickering also did a lot of pro bono work that involved civil rights in Mississippi. Pickering was also active in the D.C. Bar and served on the Board of Governors from 1975-1978 and in the American Bar Association.

text: The answer omits that he had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly. It should include this.

refinement: Pickering was a lawyer, and his practice focused on appellate work. He represented several major corporate clients. Pickering also did a lot of pro bono work that involved civil rights in Mississippi. He also had a long record of pro bono work for the poor and elderly. Pickering was also active in the D.C. Bar and served on the Board of Governors from 1975-1978 and in the American Bar Association.

answer: Pickering worked primarily as an appellate lawyer, representing major corporate clients. He also had a long record of pro bono work, focusing on civil rights, social justice, and the needs of the elderly.


split: train

text:
_By Annie Aggarwal_

_Photography: Courtesy World Wide Web_

_READ TIME: 1 MIN 30 SECS_

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| ["living room hyderabad residence moriq architects indiaartndesign"]  |
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| _©Moriq Architects_                                                   |
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Have your needs outdone your space? Or are you just plain bored with the way your spaces look and feel? Basically, do you feel the strong urge to redecorate but don’t know how? Check out what we have in store for you…

‘Uplift the humdrum areas of your home into enriching everyday spaces’ is no longer easier said than done. Whilst choices are aplenty, especially with internet baffling you with supposedly ‘new’ designs, a little pragmatic assistance can go a long way in picking furniture, floors and walls to create spaces that reflect individual aesthetic sensibilities.

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| ["living room paris apt diff studio indiaartndesign"]                 |
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| _©Diff Studio_                                                        |
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| ["Felix Leicher beach house natural light indiaartndesign"]           |
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| _©Felix Leicher_                                                      |
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We are surrounded by countless choices - some chic, some rustic, some pop and yet others subtle and elegant! Here’s how we can narrow them down:

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  ["office design the orange lane indiaartndesign"]
  _©The Orange Lane_
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| ["redecorate dipen gada indiaartndesign"]                             |
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| _©Dipen Gada & Associates_                                            |
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COLOUR: Throw a splash of colour using accent pieces, pillows, or paint on a wall, amidst subtle investment furniture. And you have a room fresh as new. __

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| ["atrium hpa indiaartndesign"]                                        |
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| _©HPA_                                                                |
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  -----------------------------------------------------------
  ["redecorate texture play shabnam gupta indiaartndesign"]
  _©The Orange Lane_
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TEXTURE adds to the feel of a space. An exterior surface finish can give an organic feel to your interiors, while adding sleek, smooth-finish metallic furniture can lend that touch of sophistication. Mixing a variety of materials – glass and acrylic with exotic woods, can give the space a dimension of eclectic.

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  []
  _©The Orange Lane_
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| []                                                                    |
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| _©The Orange Lane_                                                    |
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You can always count on FABRICS to add the warmth and comfort you crave in your rooms.  A plush oversized chair or a restful couch can account for a functional makeover of a space. Play with rich drapes and luxurious upholstery to create a more formal setting.

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  ["living dining ansa interiors indiaartndesign"]
  _©Ansa Interiors_
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| ["art in interiors goregaokar indiaartndesign"]                       |
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| _© Goregaokar Architects_                                             |
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LIGHTING can effectively highlight or understate. With the variety of lighting options available, the fixtures themselves may act as central focal pieces or they may be subtle, drawing attention to a particularly interesting corner.

The smallest details have the potential to add significant character. A traveller’s home can be an ode to his adventures, a collector’s passion may reflect on his walls, adorned with rare pieces, and a nature enthusiast’s living space can sport a fresh green tinge and flowers changing with the seasons.

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| ["art in interiors hpa indiaartndesign"]                              |
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| _©HPA_                                                                |
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| ["art in interiors seza indiaartndesign"]                             |
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| _©SEZA Architects_                                                    |
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A piece of ART here, a bit of ACCESSORY there, can add intrigue and interest to an otherwise mundane space.

All these elements in harmony with each other can create inspired areas. Possibilities are endless. The best path to choose is the one that leads you to a space you would be delighted to call your own.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize how you can narrow down a style.

answer: At first, there are limitless choices. In simplifying your choices, trim down your options to organic and geometric styles, and then something in for colour.

text: The sample cites 6 choices used to narrow down a style.

refinement: At first, there seems to be limitless choices. But after selecting color, texture, fabrics, lighting, art, and accessories, a style can be narrowed down.

answer: According to the narrator, you can add colour via accent pieces, pillows or paint on a wall. A twist on the look can be added by blending textures, while fabric at home can add the warmth and comfort you crave. A traveller's home can be an ode to his adventures, while a collector's passion can be revealed on his walls. There is plenty one can choose from to set a space to suit their personality.

text: Lighting, art, and accessories are missing. The last two sentences are not needed.

refinement: According to the narrator, you can add colour via accent pieces, pillows or paint on a wall. A twist on the look can be added by blending textures, while fabric at home can add the warmth and comfort you crave. Lighting can help highlight or understate features. And lastly, art and accessories can turn a mundane space into something interesting.

answer: You should aim to feel like you can do something great in the room. You can start with the amount of light, accent pieces, coloring, textures, styles, and fabrics. There is no wrong or right way when it comes to the style of the home. You can choose from a variety of great options. Pick what will bring you the most joy in your home.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to furniture.

answer:
Practical assistance in picking furniture, floors, and walls is recommended. Colours and textures add to the richness of a space. Throw a splash of color using accent pieces, pillows, or painted walls, alongside investment furniture. Materials like glass and acrylic with exotic woods, combined with textures like glass, fabric, metal, and other natural elements like wood can be mixed to give a space a particular dimension.
Fixtures themselves can either be central focal pieces or subtle, drawing attention to a particularly interesting corner.
Bright light can enhance or de-emphasize elements of a space. A traveller's home could be an ode to their adventures and a collector's passion could reflect on the walls. Environmental green-tinting and flowers could be used to reflect a nature person's likings. A bit of art here, a piece of accessory there, can also add a unique character. Pick and choose what fits you best and reflects your taste.
A template for a house can be found in any area with some effort and ingenuity.

answer: The text implies that furniture is the final stage after you make all of your other decisions. It references the importance of accent pieces like pillows, decorative items and furniture in a nice location in your room. "Acutely practical" describes how you should match up the furniture. Other materials are mentioned like polished metallic furniture, glass and acrylic and exotic woods.

text: The furniture's traits (color, texture, fabrics, lighting, art, and accessories) have different effects that need to be mentioned

refinement: Furniture helps create spaces that reflect an individual's aesthetic sensibilities and there are countless choices available. Pieces with a splash of color works well with subtle investment furniture. The texture of furniture affects the feel of a space, while fabric pieces add warmth and comfort. Pieces with lighting effectively highlight or understate elements of the room. Lastly, using art and accessories will bring intrigue and interest to an otherwise mundane space.

answer: The text implies that furniture is the final stage after you make all of your other decisions. It references the importance of accent pieces like pillows, decorative items, and furniture in a nice location in your room. "Acutely practical" describes how you should match up the furniture. Other materials are mentioned like polished metallic furniture, glass and acrylic, and exotic woods.

text: Needs more details

refinement: Furniture helps create spaces that reflect an individual's aesthetic sensibilities and there are countless choices available. Pieces with a splash of color works well with subtle investment furniture. The texture of furniture affects the feel of a space, while fabric pieces add warmth and comfort. Pieces with lighting effectively highlight or understate elements of the room. Lastly, using art and accessories will bring intrigue and interest to an otherwise mundane space.

answer: The article details several design styles for furniture, noting that the color, fabric and how furniture appears are three key elements to consider when furnishing a space. Throw a splash of color through accent pieces and pillows, while adding exotic woods, exotic metals, and glass and acrylic with finishes ranging from sleek, smooth finishes to more organic textures like fabric.

text: needs more details

refinement: Furniture helps create spaces that reflect an individual's aesthetic sensibilities and there are countless choices available. Pieces with a splash of color works well with subtle investment furniture. The texture of furniture affects the feel of a space, while fabric pieces add warmth and comfort. Pieces with lighting effectively highlight or understate elements of the room. Lastly, using art and accessories will bring intrigue and interest to an otherwise mundane space.

answer: The article details several design styles for furniture, noting that the color, fabric and the materials furniture is made of are three key elements to consider when furnishing a space. Throw a splash of color through accent pieces and pillows, while adding exotic woods, exotic metals, and glass and acrylic with finishes ranging from sleek, smooth finishes to more organic textures like fabric.

text: needs more details

refinement: Furniture helps create spaces that reflect an individual's aesthetic sensibilities and there are countless choices available. Pieces with a splash of color works well with subtle investment furniture. The texture of furniture affects the feel of a space, while fabric pieces add warmth and comfort. Pieces with lighting effectively highlight or understate elements of the room. Lastly, using art and accessories will bring intrigue and interest to an otherwise mundane space.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to color.

answer: Choose a color that contrasts with the accent walls, if you are trying to make an impact. Choose a color for your accessories such as pillows, that compliments the main color scheme of your room. Bring in a splash of color using accent pieces or painting accessories. You can also invest in metallic furniture to give a room a sophisticated feel.

text: There are no mentions of accent walls or complimenting main color schemes in the article.

refinement: Bring in a splash of color using accent pieces or painting accessories. You can also invest in metallic furniture to give a room a sophisticated feel.

text: Metallic furniture is a matter of texture, not color.

refinement: Bring in a splash of color using accent pieces or painting accessories.

answer:
Below is a list of things that should be avoided color-wise:
- Black on blue spaces if your furniture or accent color
- Colors in the pastel and floral categories if the main color of the room is blue, - Red rooms don't go well with prints, rugs, and black
- Fluorescent-bright shade in rooms with natural light
- Change your flooring fuchsia to white/gold.
- Choose a sunny yellow shade vs. coral if the main color of the room is blue

text: The entire response is not based on the article.

refinement: Throw a splash of colour using accent pieces, pillows, or paint on a wall, amidst subtle investment furniture to have a room fresh as new.

answer: Color can set a particular mood. Throw a splash of color using accent pieces or pillows.

answer: Lighting can bring attention to a particularly interesting corner. A traveler's home can be an ode to his adventures, a collector's passion may reflect on his walls, adorned with rare pieces, and a nature enthusiast's living space can sport a fresh green tinge. Color can set a particular mood. You can throw a splash color. Throw a splash of color using accent pieces or pillows.

text: The first part of the response is not about color.

refinement: Color can set a particular mood. You can throw a splash color. Throw a splash of color using accent pieces or pillows.

answer:
Below is a list of things that should be avoided colorwise:
- Black on blue spaces if your furniture or accent color

text: The response is not in the article.

refinement: Throw a splash of colour using accent pieces, pillows, or paint on a wall, amidst subtle investment furniture. And you have a room fresh as new.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about rugs?

answer: No answer

answer: Nothing in the article explicitly mentions the use of a rug, but it may be implied to be a backdrop tool used to add effect to a room and can play with light and color.

answer: Rugs can help with texture, but in an abstract way.

text: the article does not mention rugs. it mentions fabrics, but nothing about rugs specifically.

answer: No answer


text:
The Lizard by skin-suit

A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny.

He must go into the cave and retrieve the diamond of youth. If he wins, she will give him eternal youth. However, at some point he will encounter the horrible cave wizard, and he must slay it or it will kill him.

So the Tiny agrees to the bet.

He wonders into the cave, leaving breadcrumbs as his trail. He finds it is a long and windy cave.

When he gets to the end of the cave, his torchlight reveals the diamond of youth... grasped in the arms of a skeleton. He looks high and low for the cave lizard and sees none, so he grabs the diamond from its arms.

The witch says, "You failed to slay the lizard!"

"What?" says the Tiny. "But I didn't even see the lizard!"

The witch says, "The lizard doesn't eat Tinies. He eats bread."

title: The Lizard

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does Tiny agree to do?

answer: Take on the cave wizard at the end of the cave.

text: "Take on the cave wizard at the end of the cave." - is only partially correct. He must go into the cave and retrieve the diamond of youth and then take on the cave lizard if he encounters it. Rewrite the sentence. (note: the source uses "cave wizard" and "lizard" which are presumably the same, possibly an error).

refinement: He must go into the cave and retrieve the diamond of youth and then take on the cave lizard if he encounters it.

answer: He agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth from the cave wizard and slay it if he encounters it.

answer: He agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth for the witch.

text: Add that he must also slay the cave lizard when he sees it.

refinement: He agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth for the witch and slay the cave lizard when he sees it.

answer: Tiny agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth from the cave wizard. If he succeeds, he will be granted eternal youth by the witch. If he fails, the cave wizard will kill him.

text: "Tiny agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth from the cave wizard." - fails to mention that he needs to kill the cave lizard.

refinement: Tiny agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth from the cave wizard and kill it if he encounters it. If he succeeds, he will be granted eternal youth by the witch. If he fails, the cave wizard will kill him.

text: "If he succeeds, he will be granted eternal youth by the witch. If he fails, the cave wizard will kill him." - unnecessary details that should be deleted.

refinement: Tiny agrees to retrieve the diamond of youth from the cave wizard and kill it if he encounters it.

answer: Tiny agree to take the diamond from its arm and leave it there for the treasure seeker.

text: "Tiny agree to take the diamond from its arm and leave it there for the treasure seeker." - is incorrect. This part is further in the story after Tiny agrees and gets the diamond from the arms of a skeleton. There is also no evidence to suggest there is a treasure seeker in the story. Rewrite the entire sentence.

refinement: Tiny agrees to go into the cave and retrieve the diamond of youth. He also agrees to slay the cave lizard when he encounters it.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where does Tiny go to retrieve the diamond?

answer: He does it in the cave.

text: "does it in the" -doesn't seem the right combination of words. Rewrite the sentence.

refinement: He goes into a cave to retrieve the diamond.

answer: Or the cave from witch

text: "Or the cave from witch" - this sentence doesn't make any sense. Remove "or" and "from witch"

answer: The Tiny goes into the cave to retrieve the diamond of youth at the end of the cave. He encounters the cave wizard, and eventually discovers the diamond is held in the arms of a skeleton. The lizard remains unseen.

text: "at the end of the cave." - is redundant and should be deleted.

refinement: The Tiny goes into the cave to retrieve the diamond of youth. He encounters the cave wizard, and eventually discovers the diamond is held in the arms of a skeleton. The lizard remains unseen.

text: "He encounters the cave wizard, and eventually discovers the diamond is held in the arms of a skeleton. The lizard remains unseen." - unnecessary information that should be deleted.

refinement: The Tiny goes into the cave to retrieve the diamond of youth.

answer: Tiny wanders into a cave for the diamond.

answer: Tiny travels into a cave in order to retrieve the diamond of youth. He finds the diamond of youth held in the bony arms of a skeleton, but does not see the lizard holding the diamond. The witch tells Tiny that the lizard is hiding, and it eats bread instead of Tinies.

text: "He finds the diamond of youth held in the bony arms of a skeleton, but does not see the lizard holding the diamond. The witch tells Tiny that the lizard is hiding, and it eats bread instead of Tinies." - unnecessary information that should be deleted.

refinement: Tiny travels into a cave in order to retrieve the diamond of youth.

text: "travels" - the verb doesn't fit the current sentence structure. Replace with "goes"

refinement: Tiny goes into a cave in order to retrieve the diamond of youth.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the witch promise to Tiny in exchange for the diamond?

answer: The witch promises the Tiny eternal youth if he can retrieve the diamond from the cave wizard and slay it.

answer: The witch promises the Tiny eternal youth.

answer: Eternal youth

answer: She promises to give Tiny eternal youth.

answer: Eternal youth.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who will Tiny encounter in the cave?

answer: The boy will encounter the cave lizard.

answer: Tiny will encounter the cave lizard, which presumably he will need to kill or very possibly die.

answer: The Tiny will encounter the cave wizard, who is the lizard.

answer: The cave lizard.

answer: Tiny is told he'd encounter a cave lizard that he shall slay.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth. Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skull. However, when he looks for the lizard, he does not see one. The witch tells him that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, but instead eats bread. The Tiny failed to slay the lizard and ultimately lost the bet.

text: "skull" - is inaccurate. Replace with "skeleton"

refinement:
The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth.
Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skeleton.
However, when he looks for the lizard, he does not see one.
The witch tells him that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, but instead eats bread.
The Tiny failed to slay the lizard and ultimately lost the bet.

text: "The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth." - must add that he left breadcrumbs as his trail to make this sentence work with the ending.

refinement:
The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth, leaving breadcrumbs to find his way back.
Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skeleton.
However, when he looks for the lizard, he does not see one.
The witch tells him that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, but instead eats bread.
The Tiny failed to slay the lizard and ultimately lost the bet.

text: "Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skeleton." - mention that the Tiny grabbed the diamond.

refinement:
The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth, leaving breadcrumbs to find his way back.
Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skeleton and grabs it.
However, when he looks for the lizard, he does not see one.
The witch tells him that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, but instead eats bread.
The Tiny failed to slay the lizard and ultimately lost the bet.

text: "The Tiny failed to slay the lizard and ultimately lost the bet." - losing the bet was not mentioned as the story ended abruptly with the witch saying the lizard ate bread, not Tinies. Delete this line to meet the 4-sentence summary requirement.

refinement:
The Tiny enters a windy cave in order to get the diamond of youth, leaving breadcrumbs to find his way back.
Once at the end of the cave, he finds the diamond held in the arms of a skeleton and grabs it.
However, when he looks for the lizard, he does not see one.
The witch tells him that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, but instead eats bread.

answer: A witch ages a Tiny, and offers him eternal youth in exchange for the diamond of youth. To claim it, he must slay the cave worm. However, the witch was lying: the tunnel's resident eats bread and thought tinies aren't delicious.

text: "A witch ages a Tiny," - this never happened and the sentence must be rewritten. Replace with "The witch made a bet with a young Tiny"

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny, offering him eternal youth in exchange for the diamond of youth.
To claim it, he must slay the cave worm.
However, the witch was lying: the tunnel's resident eats bread and thought tinies aren't delicious.

text: "slay the cave worm" -  this is incorrect. The Tiny must slay the cave lizard when he encounters it.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny, offering him eternal youth in exchange for the diamond of youth.
To claim it, he must slay the cave lizard when he encounters it.
However, the witch was lying: the tunnel's resident eats bread and thought tinies aren't delicious.

text: "the witch was lying: the tunnel's resident eats bread and thought tinies aren't delicious." - this is incorrect. The witch wasn't lying and a tunnel is not a cave. There is also no mention of whether Tinies are delicious or not. A complete overhaul is needed for this section.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny, offering him eternal youth in exchange for the diamond of youth.
To claim it, he must slay the cave lizard when he encounters it.
The Tiny goes into the cave, leaving breadcrumbs as his trail, and gets to the end where he grabs the diamond from the arms of a skeleton.

text: Lacking one sentence to meet the 4-sentence summary requirement. Add one more.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny, offering him eternal youth in exchange for the diamond of youth.
To claim it, he must slay the cave lizard when he encounters it.
The Tiny goes into the cave, leaving breadcrumbs as his trail, and gets to the end where he grabs the diamond from the arms of a skeleton.
He doesn't see the lizard, however, and the witch explains that the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread.

answer:
The young Tiny enlists the aid of a witch who promises to grant his wish for eternal youth in exchange for finding the diamond of youth. In exchange, he must return with it before the witch can consume it.

He travels a long time and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.

He returns to the witch's house and the witch tells him, "If the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread."

She turns out to be a lizard in disguise.

text: "The young Tiny enlists the aid of a witch who promises to grant his wish for eternal youth in exchange for finding the diamond of youth. " - is incorrect. The witch made a bet with the Tiny, he never enlisted her help. There is also no evidence to suggest that the Tiny wished for eternal youth - this was the prize if he wins their bet, which is the retrieval of the diamond of youth. Rewrite the sentence.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny that if he can go into the cave with the horrible lizard, slay it, and retrieve the diamond of youth, she will give him eternal youth.
In exchange, he must return with it before the witch can consume it.
He travels a long time and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.
He returns to the witch's house and the witch tells him, "If the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread."
She turns out to be a lizard in disguise.

text: "In exchange, he must return with it before the witch can consume it." - there is no evidence to suggest that this happened in the story. It must be deleted because it is inaccurate and to also meet the 4-sentence summary requirement.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny that if he can go into the cave with the horrible lizard, slay it, and retrieve the diamond of youth, she will give him eternal youth.
He travels a long time and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.
He returns to the witch's house and the witch tells him, "If the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread."
She turns out to be a lizard in disguise.

text: "He travels a long time and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it." - must include a reference to the Tiny leaving breadcrumbs in his wake to tie in with the ending.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny that if he can go into the cave with the horrible lizard, slay it, and retrieve the diamond of youth, she will give him eternal youth.
He travels a long time, leaving breadcrumbs in his wake as a trail, and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.
He returns to the witch's house and the witch tells him, "If the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread."
She turns out to be a lizard in disguise.

text: "He returns to the witch's house and the witch tells him, "If the lizard doesn't eat Tinies, it eats bread." - this is incorrect. It was never implied if the Tiny went to the witch's house at all. Rewrite this sentence to show what happened in the cave.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny that if he can go into the cave with the horrible lizard, slay it, and retrieve the diamond of youth, she will give him eternal youth.
He travels a long time, leaving breadcrumbs in his wake as a trail, and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.
The witch yells that he failed to kill the lizard, but the Tiny said he never saw any lizard.
She turns out to be a lizard in disguise.

text: "She turns out to be a lizard in disguise." - this is not in the story and should be re-written.

refinement:
A witch makes a bet with a young Tiny that if he can go into the cave with the horrible lizard, slay it, and retrieve the diamond of youth, she will give him eternal youth.
He travels a long time, leaving breadcrumbs in his wake as a trail, and finds the diamond in the hands of a skeleton after which, he grabs it.
The witch yells that he failed to kill the lizard, but the Tiny said he never saw any lizard.
The witch tells the Tiny that the lizard eats bread, not tinies.

answer: The young Tiny enters a cave looking for the diamond of youth. He reaches the end of the cave where he finds the skeleton holding the diamond and no sign of any lizard. The witch tells him the lizard doesn't eat tiny humans, but instead eats the bread crumbs he had been leaving as a trail. The young Tiny failed to slay the lizard and lost the bet.

text: "The young Tiny enters a cave looking for the diamond of youth." - must mention that he had a bet with a witch.

refinement:
On a bet with a witch, the young Tiny enters a cave looking for the diamond of youth.
He reaches the end of the cave where he finds the skeleton holding the diamond and no sign of any lizard.
The witch tells him the lizard doesn't eat tiny humans, but instead eats the bread crumbs he had been leaving as a trail.
The young Tiny failed to slay the lizard and lost the bet.

text: "no sign of any lizard." - add that he also has to kill the cave lizard.

refinement:
On a bet with a witch, the young Tiny enters a cave looking for the diamond of youth.
He reaches the end of the cave where he finds the skeleton holding the diamond and no sign of the cave lizard, which he has to kill.
The witch tells him the lizard doesn't eat tiny humans, but instead eats the bread crumbs he had been leaving as a trail.
The young Tiny failed to slay the lizard and lost the bet.

text: "tiny humans" - is incorrect. The proper term is "Tinies". Also, remove the comma

refinement:
On a bet with a witch, the young Tiny enters a cave looking for the diamond of youth.
He reaches the end of the cave where he finds the skeleton holding the diamond and no sign of the cave lizard, which he has to kill.
The witch tells him the lizard doesn't eat Tinies but instead eats the bread crumbs he had been leaving as a trail.
The young Tiny failed to slay the lizard and lost the bet.

answer: Young Tiny agrees to a bet with a witch. He sets off into a cave to retrieve a youth diamond for the witch. In exchange the witch would grant him eternal youth. He shall kill the cave lizard he'd encounter in the cave.

text: "a youth diamond" - replace with "the diamond of youth"

refinement:
Young Tiny agrees to a bet with a witch.
He sets off into a cave to retrieve the diamond of youth for the witch.
In exchange the witch would grant him eternal youth.
He shall kill the cave lizard he'd encounter in the cave.

text: "exchange" - add a comma

refinement:
Young Tiny agrees to a bet with a witch.
He sets off into a cave to retrieve the diamond of youth for the witch.
In exchange, the witch would grant him eternal youth.
He shall kill the cave lizard he'd encounter in the cave.

text: "He shall kill the cave lizard he'd encounter in the cave." - add that he fails to kill the lizard.

refinement:
Young Tiny agrees to a bet with a witch.
He sets off into a cave to retrieve the diamond of youth for the witch.
In exchange, the witch would grant him eternal youth.
He shall kill the cave lizard he'd encounter in the cave but fails to do so.


text:
TIM LEBERECHT is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He is the former chief marketing officer of the creative firms Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) and NBBJ. He now runs his own consulting firm, Leberecht and Partners, and writes and speaks about leadership, technology, and culture. He served on the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Values from 2012 to 2016, and he is a member of the NationSwell Council as well as an advisory board member for the strategy and innovation consulting firm Jump Associates.

Early life and education

Leberecht was born and raised in Germany.[1] He earned his Master of Arts in applied cultural studies at Lüneburg University, and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California.[2]

Career

Leberecht was chief marketing officer at the architecture and design firm Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) from 2006 to 2013, where he also served as chief marketing officer of its parent company Aricent from 2010 to 2012. He was chief marketing officer at the architecture and urban planning firm NBBJ from 2013 to 2015.[3][4][5][6] Prior to joining Frog, Leberecht held marketing positions at the mind mapping and innovation management software company Mindjet, the 2004 Summer Olympics, and Deutsche Telekom.[7][8] He now runs his own firm, Leberecht and Partners, which he founded in 2015.[9]

Leberecht has hosted innovation workshops for Fortune 500 companies and written about design, leadership, and marketing for _Fast Company_, _Forbes_, _Fortune_, and _Wired_, among other publications.[10][11] In 2015, Leberecht published _The Business Romantic: Give Everything, Quantify Nothing, and Create Something Greater Than Yourself_, which proposes ten principles for finding more enchantment and meaning at work.[12][13][14] _Forbes_ included the book in their lists, “15 Books for Creative Leaders to Read in Spring 2015” and “Top 10 Creative Leadership Books of 2015”.[15][16][17] In addition, _Inc._ included _The Business Romantic_ in their list of “Top 10 Motivational Books of 2015”.[18] Related to the book, Leberecht founded the Business Romantic Society, which has been described as “a global collective of artists, developers, designers and researchers who share the mission of bringing beauty to business”.[19][20]

Leberecht has presented at multiple TED conferences. In 2012, he presented “3 ways to (usefully) lose control of your brand” at “TedGlobal”,[21] which _Fortune_ included in their 2016 list of “5 TED Talks Every Business Owner Needs to Watch”.[22] He opined about the need to bring romance back to business and engineering in his talk “Let's bring romance back to business” at “TED University 2015”.[23] In 2016, he presented “4 ways to build a human company in the age of machines” at “TEDSummit”, in which he describes four ways to “create beauty” in business.[24]

Leberecht founded _Design Mind_ magazine and co-founded the dinner series “15 Toasts”,[25] which provides “safe spaces for people to have conversations on difficult topics”,[26] and is a “connector” for the Experience Institute.[27][28][29] He also served on the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Values from 2012 to 2016. He is a member of the NationSwell Council and an advisory board member for the strategy and innovation consulting firm Jump Associates.[30][31]

Migraine

Leberecht was a vocalist and guitarist for Migraine, a band formed in Stuttgart, Germany, along with saxophonist Jakob Hesler and bassist Lars Precht.[32] The jazz and pop band released multiple recordings: _Little Luxury_ (1994)[33] on Miramar Records, and _Anticipation on Me_ (1994) and _David Shrinks_ (1997) on Blue Flame Records.[34][35][36][37]

Bibliography

Books

-   [38][39]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

title: Tim Leberecht

question: Who is Tim Leberecht?

answer: Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker, and marketing consultant who previously worked for leading architecture and design firms Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) and NBBJ. He is currently the founder of his own consultancy, Leberecht and Partners, and writes articles on leadership, technology, and culture.

text: There is no evidence to suggest that his consulting is marketing consulting. Though it is implied.

refinement: Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant who previously worked for leading architecture and design firms Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) and NBBJ. He is currently the founder of his own consultancy, Leberecht and Partners, and writes articles on leadership, technology, and culture.

answer: He is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant.

text: "TIM LEBERECHT is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant" is evidence that Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker and consultant.

answer: Tim Leberecht is an author and consultant who specializes in leadership and culture. He previously worked professionally in marketing for the architecture firm Frog Design and the architecture and urban planning firm NBBJ.

text: It omits mentioning that he is the former Chief Marketing Officer for Frog Design.

refinement: Tim Leberecht is an author and consultant who specializes in leadership and culture. He previously worked professionally in marketing for the architecture firm Frog Design and the architecture and urban planning firm NBBJ.

text: "writes and speaks about leadership, technology, and culture" is evidence that he specializes in leadership and culture.

question: What degrees did Leberecht earn?

answer: Leberecht earned a Master of Arts in applied cultural studies and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California.

text: It fails to include Lüneburg University for his Master of Arts in applied cultural studies.

refinement: Leberecht earned a Master of Arts in applied cultural studies at Lüneburg University and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California.

text: "Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California" is evidence of his USC degree.

answer: He earned his Master of Arts in applied cultural studies at Luneburg University and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California.

text: "He earned his Master of Arts in applied cultural studies at Lüneburg University, and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California" is evidence of his two degrees.

answer:
Master of Arts in applied cultural studies

Master of Arts in communications management

text: "Master of Arts in applied cultural studies at Lüneburg University, and a Master of Arts in communications management at the University of Southern California" is evidence of his two degrees.

question: What was Leberecht's role at the design firm Frog Design?

answer: He was the chief marketing officer at Frog Design.

text: "former chief marketing officer of the creative firm Frog Design" is evidence of his role at Frog Design.

answer: Leberecht was chief marketing officer at Frog Design.

text: "former chief marketing officer of the creative firm Frog Design" is evidence of his role at Frog Design.

answer: Throughout his tenure with the design firm Frog Design, Leberecht was the chief marketing officer.

text: "former chief marketing officer of the creative firm Frog Design" is evidence of his role at Frog Design.

question: What band was Leberecht a vocalist and guitarist for?

answer: Migraine

text: "Leberecht was a vocalist and guitarist for Migraine, a band" is evidence that Leberecht was a vocalist and guitarist for the band.

answer: Modern Drunkard Magazine included "The Business Romantic" in their list of "Top 10 Motivational Books of 2015."

text: The answer omits mentioning any detail of Leberecht's musical career

refinement: Leberecht was a vocalist and guitarist for the band, Migraine

answer: He was a vocalist and guitarist for the band Migraine, that was formed in Stuttgart, Germany.

text: "Leberecht was a vocalist and guitarist for Migraine, a band formed in Stuttgart, Germany" is evidence of Leberecht being a vocalist and guitarist for the band Migraine that was formed in Stuttgart.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This is an article about Tim Leberecht, a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. The article describes various business ventures, volunteer efforts, previous jobs, conferences, interviews, and books Leberecht has participated in.

text: There is no evidence to suggest that Leberecht was involved in volunteer efforts or interviews.

refinement: This is an article about Tim Leberecht, a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. The article describes various business ventures, previous jobs, conferences, and books Leberecht has participated in.

answer: Tim Leberrecch is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant considered by many as the founder of Business Romanticism. He has been active in the publishing and business world for 15 years, writing books and giving workshops and presentations on marketing, design, and leadership.

text: Although Leberecht founded the Business Romantic Society, there is no evidence to suggest that he was considered the founder of Business Romanticism.

refinement: Tim Leberrecch is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He founded the Business Romantic Society, which has been described as “a global collective of artists, developers, designers and researchers who share the mission of bringing beauty to business". He has been active in the publishing and business world for 15 years, writing books and giving workshops and presentations on marketing, design, and leadership.

text: There is no evidence to suggest that Leberecht has been active in the publishing and business world for 15 years. However he has been active in both.

refinement: Tim Leberrecch is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He founded the Business Romantic Society, which has been described as “a global collective of artists, developers, designers and researchers who share the mission of bringing beauty to business". He has been active in the publishing and business world for many years, writing books and giving workshops and presentations on marketing, design, and leadership.

text: Tim Leberrecch should be Tim Leberecht.

refinement: Tim Leberect is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He founded the Business Romantic Society, which has been described as “a global collective of artists, developers, designers and researchers who share the mission of bringing beauty to business". He has been active in the publishing and business world for many years, writing books and giving workshops and presentations on marketing, design, and leadership.

answer: This article describes Tim Leberecht's career as an author and entrepreneur. He is the former chief marketing officer of Frog Design Inc. and NBBJ.

text: "TIM LEBERECHT is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He is the former chief marketing officer of the creative firms Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) and NBBJ" is evidence that Leberecht is an author, entrepreneur and former CMO of Frog Design and NBBJ.

answer: Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. His expertise is in design, leadership, and marketing.

text: "Leberecht has hosted innovation workshops for Fortune 500 companies and written about design, leadership, and marketing" is evidence that Leberecht's expertise includes design, leadership and marketing.

answer: This article describes Tim Leberecht, a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. The article describes Leberecht's career in detail.

text: The summary misses to include further details of the article.

refinement: This article describes Tim Leberecht, a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. The article describes various business ventures, previous titles, conferences, and books Leberecht has participated in.

text: "TIM LEBERECHT is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant" is evidence that Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker and consultant.

answer: Tim Leberecht is a German-American consultant and author currently living in the United States. On his website, he lists his career as "author, consultant, storyteller, designer."

text: There is no evidence to suggest that Leberecht is currently living in the US.

refinement: Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker and consultant. On his website, he lists his career as "author, consultant, storyteller, designer."

text: There is no evidence to suggest that Leberecht has a website or that he lists himself as a storyteller.

refinement: Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker and consultant. His career highlights various business ventures, jobs, conferences, and books Leberecht has participated in.


text:
[Raoul Hafner, 1954] RAOUL HAFNER, (1905–1980) FEng, FRAes, was an Austrian-born British helicopter pioneer and engineer. He was a pioneer of rotating wing aircraft design, and died as a result of a yachting accident. He made a distinctive contribution to the British aerospace industry, particularly in the development of helicopters.

Life

Born in 1905, he was educated in Vienna, first at the university and then at technical college where he became interested in rotary-wing concept as a means of making aircraft land more slowly and safely. He obtained a post with the Austrian Air Traffic Company, but his heart was in helicopter design. He gave up his job to concentrate on helicopters, designing and building the Hafner Nagler R.I Revoplane in 1929 in collaboration with Bruno Nagler, then the similar Hafner Nagler R.II Revoplane in 1931.[1][2]

[Hafner Nagler R.I Revoplane] The Scottish cotton millionaire Major Jack Coates, who had financed Hafner’s work in Vienna, had the R.II Revoplane shipped to Heston Aerodrome in 1933, and it made some tethered flights there.[3] After hearing of the work of the Spanish aviation pioneer Juan de la Cierva in England, Hafner himself made contact with the Cierva Company and learned to fly its C.19 and C.30 autogyros. He parted company with Nagler, who had come from Austria with him, and then concentrated more on design of gyroplanes than helicopters. In 1934, his own company, the AR.III Construction (Hafner Gyroplane) Co, began to design the Hafner AR.III Gyroplane, first flown at Heston in 1935, and widely demonstrated afterward. It incorporated cyclic and collective pitch rotor controls actuated by independently varying the pitch of each blade rather than tilting the hub as in the Cierva system.[4][5][6]

[Hafner AR.III rotor head detail] In an ensuing controversy between proponents of the autogyro and the helicopter, Hafner made his views clear in a Royal Aeronautical Society lecture on 14 October 1937, when he advocated the rotating wing concept.[7]

Second World War

From 1938 he was with Pobjoy-Short at Rochester, but in 1940 was interned as an enemy alien, being released when his naturalization came through. He then developed the Hafner Rotachute, a rotary parachute to be towed behind an aircraft, for landing agents in enemy territory; this was made and tested at the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment development section at RAF Sherburn-in-Elmet. This was followed by the Rotabuggy, a rotor-equipped jeep.[8][9] Neither project progressed past testing.

Post War

After the war Hafner and some of his technical team joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). The four/five seater Type 171 went into Royal Air Force service as the Sycamore and won several export orders.[10] Subsequently a much larger tandem-rotor helicopter, the Type 173, was developed and from it the Type 192 which as the “Belvedere” (named after the Belvedere Palace in Vienna next to Hafner’s childhood home, which inspired the tandem concept) saw service in RAF squadrons in Britain and overseas. [Bristol Sycamore (OE-XSY) of the Flying Bulls departs the 2018 RIAT, England. Designed by Raoul Hafner and built in 1957.] Hafner, however, was more interested in the civil than the military applications of the helicopter, and this long-term ambition was to see the convertible rotor concept – on which he had begun work in 1950 – accepted. One of the helicopters being developed at Bristol was the tandem-rotor Type 194, designed to carry 52 passengers, but work on this ended when all British helicopter activities were brought together under Westland Aircraft in 1960.

Hafner was appointed technical director, holding this position until his retirement in 1970, and thereafter continuing in a consultative capacity. During his decade with Westland he further propounded his convertible rotor ideas, as a means of increasing the helicopters range and speed by tilting its rotors for forward flight.

He presented several papers to the Royal Aeronautical Society, and when in 1977 he was interviewed by its journal ‘Aerospace’ and asked about his interests outside aviation he remarked – with what was sad irony – that he had “taken a great interest in sailing”. He applied his knowledge of aerodynamics to sailing ship design.

Personal

He married, in 1936, Eileen McAdam of the macadam road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam, and they had one daughter, the actress Ingrid Hafner.

Notes

[1] _Rotary Wing Aircraft_ Flight, 8 April 1943, p. 362

[2] _Bristol Sycamore_ Heli Archive,

[3]

[4]

[5] _Background to the Helicopter_ Flight, 23 January 1953, pp. 92–93

[6] _The Rise of the Helicopter_ Flight, 23 January 1953, pp. 94–97

[7] _Gyromancy_ Flight, 21 October 1937, p. 407

[8]

[9] Gunston, p. 203

[10]

title: Raoul Hafner

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything related to Hafner's education.

answer: Hafner was educated in Vienna, where he attended a university and a technical college.

text: The answer would be more complete if it mentioned that Hafner's interest in rotary wings started at the technical school.

refinement: Hafner was educated in Vienna, where he attended a university and a technical college. His interest in rotary wings began at the technical college.

answer: Raoul Hafner was educated in Vienna at the university and technical college. Upon discovering his interest in rotary-wing concept, he gave up his job to concentrate on helicopter design, designing and building the Hafner Nagler R.I Revoplane in 1929 and the similar Hafner Nagler R.II Revoplane in 1931. During World War II, Hafner was interned as an enemy alien, but upon naturalization, he went on to design the Rotachute, a rotary parachute to be towed behind an aircraft, and the Rotabuggy, a rotor-equipped jeep. After the war, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became their Chief Designer (Helicopters), designing such helicopters as the Type 171, Type 173, and Type 192. Additionally, Hafner was interested in sailing and presented several papers to the Royal Aeronautical Society.

text: The answer is irrelevant except for the first sentence.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was educated in Vienna at the university and technical college.

text: The answer would be more complete if it mentioned that Hafner's interest in rotary wings started at the technical school.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was educated in Vienna at the university and technical college. His interest in rotary wings began at the technical college.

answer: Raoul Hafner was educated at the university and at technical college in Vienna. He became interested in rotary-wing concepts through his work with the Austrian Air Traffic Company, and focused his research on developing helicopters in collaboration with Bruno Nagler. In 1933, after hearing of Juan de la Cierva's work in England, Hafner separated from Nagler and focused more on the design of gyroplanes. From 1934 onward, Hafner developed the AR.III Gyroplane, which incorporated cyclic and collective pitch rotor controls. During World War II, Hafner was interned as an enemy alien but later resumed his work in collaboration with Pobjoy-Short. After the war, Hafner joined Bristol Aeroplane Company where he ultimately became their Chief Designer. Notably, Hafner was interested in the design of sailing ships, a field informed by his knowledge of aerodynamics.

answer: Hafner was educated in Vienna both at a university and a technical college. At the latter, he became interested in rotary-wing design.

answer: Hafner was educated at the University of Vienna and at a technical college in Vienna. He obtained a post with the Austrian Air Traffic Company after obtaining his degree.

text: Hafner's post at the Austrian Air Traffic Company is irrelevant to this question.

refinement: Hafner was educated at the University of Vienna and at a technical college in Vienna.

text: The answer would be more complete if it mentioned Hafner's interest in rotary wings began at technical school.

refinement: Hafner was educated at the University of Vienna and at a technical college in Vienna. He got interested in rotary wings at the technical college.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Hafner's post-war career.

answer: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company where he became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the development and refinement of tandem-rotor helicopters, most notably the Type 171 and the Type 192, which saw service in RAF squadrons overseas. Hafner was more interested in the civil than the military applications of the helicopter, and his long-term ambition was to see the convertible rotor concept accepted. He retired in 1970, and continued to consult with Westland Aircraft until his death due to a yachting accident.

text: Using the non-abbreviated name of the Royal Air Force would make the answer easier to understand.

refinement: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company where he became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the development and refinement of tandem-rotor helicopters, most notably the Type 171 and the Type 192, which saw service in Royal Air Force squadrons overseas. Hafner was more interested in the civil than the military applications of the helicopter, and his long-term ambition was to see the convertible rotor concept accepted. He retired in 1970, and continued to consult with Westland Aircraft until his death due to a yachting accident.

answer: After the war he joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company as their chief designer (helicopters), designing the four/five seater Type 171 which went into RAF service as the Sycamore. He also developed the much larger Type 173, the Type 192 (known as the Belvedere), and the Type 194. He further developed the idea of convertible rotors during this time.

text: Using the non-abbreviated name of the Royal Air Force would make the answer easier to understand.

refinement: After the war he joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company as their chief designer (helicopters), designing the four/five seater Type 171 which went into Royal Air Force service as the Sycamore. He also developed the much larger Type 173, the Type 192 (known as the Belvedere), and the Type 194. He further developed the idea of convertible rotors during this time.

text: The development of Type 194 was canceled after Westland Aircraft took over all helicopter development in Britain in 1960. The answer implies the design was finished.

refinement: After the war he joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company as their chief designer (helicopters), designing the four/five seater Type 171 which went into Royal Air Force service as the Sycamore. He also developed the much larger Type 173, the Type 192 (known as the Belvedere), and the Type 194, which was canceled in 1960 after Westland Aircraft took over all helicopter development in Britain. He further developed the idea of convertible rotors during this time.

text: The answer should mention Hafner's retirement and consultancy thereafter.

refinement: After the war he joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company as their chief designer (helicopters), designing the four/five seater Type 171 which went into Royal Air Force service as the Sycamore. He also developed the much larger Type 173, the Type 192 (known as the Belvedere), and the Type 194, which was canceled in 1960 after Westland Aircraft took over all helicopter development in Britain. He further developed the idea of convertible rotors during this time. He retired in 1970 but continued to serve as a consultant after that.

answer: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the popular and successful Type 171 Sycamore and Type 173 Belvedere helicopter models. In 1960, all British helicopter activities were consolidated under Westland Aircraft, and Hafner was appointed technical director. Throughout his career, he championed the convertible rotor concept as a means of increasing helicopter range and speed. Tragically, he died in a yachting accident later in his career.

text: The Belvedere aircraft was the type 192, developed from type 173. The answer misstates type 173 as the Belvedere.

refinement: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the popular and successful Type 171 Sycamore and Type 192 Belvedere helicopter models. In 1960, all British helicopter activities were consolidated under Westland Aircraft, and Hafner was appointed technical director. Throughout his career, he championed the convertible rotor concept as a means of increasing helicopter range and speed. Tragically, he died in a yachting accident later in his career.

text: Hafner's death came after his career ended for the most part. It wasn't "later in his career."

refinement: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the popular and successful Type 171 Sycamore and Type 192 Belvedere helicopter models. In 1960, all British helicopter activities were consolidated under Westland Aircraft, and Hafner was appointed technical director. Throughout his career, he championed the convertible rotor concept as a means of increasing helicopter range and speed. Tragically, he died in a yachting accident in 1980.

text: The answer should mention that Hafner retired in 1970, continuing as a consulting thereafter.

refinement: After the Second World War, Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company and became their Chief Designer (Helicopters). He worked on the popular and successful Type 171 Sycamore and Type 192 Belvedere helicopter models. In 1960, all British helicopter activities were consolidated under Westland Aircraft, and Hafner was appointed technical director. Throughout his career, he championed the convertible rotor concept as a means of increasing helicopter range and speed. Hafner retired in 1970, serving as a consultant thereafter. Tragically, he died in a yachting accident in 1980.

answer: After the war, Hafner and some members of his team joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became their Chief Designer of Helicopters. He created many models that were used by the Royal Air Force. However, he was more interested in the civil applications of his work. He wanted to see his convertible rotor concept accepted. Hafner was appointed technical director and held the position until his retirement in 1970. After retiring, he presented several papers to the Royal Aeronautical Society.

answer: After the war Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became the chief designer. There he used his knowledge of aerodynamics to improve the design of sailing ships.

text: Hafner was the Chief Engineer of Helicopters. He didn't develop sea vessels. At the Bristol Aeroplane Company, he worked on a few designs that the Royal Air Force used, but Hafner was more interested in civil applications.

refinement: After the war Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became the chief designer of helicopters. He worked on a few designs that the Royal Air Force used, but Hafner was more interested in civil applications.

text: The answer should mention Hafner's ambition to see the convertible rotor get accepted.

refinement: After the war Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became the chief designer of helicopters. He worked on a few designs that the Royal Air Force used, but Hafner was more interested in civil applications. He wanted to make the convertible rotor concept accepted.

text: The answer should mention Hafner's role as technical director at Westland Aircraft after 1960.

refinement: After the war Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became the chief designer of helicopters. He worked on a few designs that the Royal Air Force used, but Hafner was more interested in civil applications. He wanted to make the convertible rotor concept accepted. Westland Aircraft took over all helicopter development in Britain in 1960, and Hafner was appointed as Technical Director, serving until his retirement in 1970.

text: The answer should mention that Hafner continued as a consultant for Westland Aircraft after his retirement.

refinement: After the war Hafner joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company, where he became the chief designer of helicopters. He worked on a few designs that the Royal Air Force used, but Hafner was more interested in civil applications. He wanted to make the convertible rotor concept accepted. Westland Aircraft took over all helicopter development in Britain in 1960, and Hafner was appointed as Technical Director, serving until his retirement in 1970. He continued to serve as a consultant thereafter.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything related to Hafner's family.

answer: Hafner married in 1936 to Eileen McAdam and they had a daughter named Ingrid Hafner. There's a macadan road building family named McAdam descended from John Loudon McAdam.

text: Hafner's wife was a descendant of the McAdam family. The following sentence seemingly tries to convey this, but fails: There's a macadan road building family named McAdam descended from John Loudon McAdam."

refinement: Hafner married in 1936 to Eileen McAdam and they had a daughter named Ingrid Hafner. Eileen was descended from John Loudon McAdam. The McAdam family was a road-building family.

answer: Raoul Hafner was born in 1905 in Austria. He married Eileen McAdam in 1936. They had one daughter, Ingrid Hafner. Hafner was an Austrian-born British helicopter pioneer and a technical director at Westland Aircraft from 1960 until his retirement in 1970.

text: Hafner's career is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was born in 1905 in Austria. He married Eileen McAdam in 1936. They had one daughter, Ingrid Hafner.

text: The answer should mention that Eileen was from the road-building McAdam family.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was born in 1905 in Austria. He married Eileen McAdam in 1936, a descendant of the road-building family of John Loudon McAdam. They had one daughter, Ingrid Hafner.

answer: Raoul Hafner was married to Eileen McAdam and had one daughter. He was originally from Austria and immigrated to Britain in 1933. Hafner was interned as an enemy alien during World War II, but he became head designer for Bristol Aeroplane in the post-war era, specializing in helicopters. Following his retirement in 1970, he took an interest in sailing.

text: Except for the first sentence, the answer is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was married to Eileen McAdam and had one daughter.

text: The answer should mention the pedigree of Eileen McAdam.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was married to Eileen McAdam of the McAdam road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam and had one daughter.

text: The answer should mention Hafner's daughter's name and occupation.

refinement: Raoul Hafner was married to Eileen McAdam of the McAdam road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam and had one daughter, the actress Ingrid Hafner.

answer: In 1936, Hafner married Eileen McAdam. They had one daughter, actress Ingrid Hafner.

text: The answer should mention the pedigree of Eileen McAdam.

refinement: In 1936, Hafner married Eileen McAdam of the McAdam road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam. They had one daughter, actress Ingrid Hafner.

answer: No answer

text: The question can be answered.

refinement: Hafner married Eileen McAdam of the road-building family descended from John Loudon McAdam. They had one daughter, actress Ingrid Hafner.