text:
JAMAL UD-DIN YAQUT (also YAKUT) was an African Siddi slave-turned-nobleman who was a close confidant of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India. Yakub was the puppet of Razia Sultan's stepmother but after sometime he became a trustworthy soldier of Delhi Sultanate. Razia Sultana's patronage made him an influential member of the court, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both primarily Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.

Ethnic background

Jamal ud-Din Yaqut lived during the time of the Sultan Iltutmish and then Razia Sultana, sometime from 1200 to 1240 CE, when he was slain in a revolt against Razia Sultana.[1] Yaqut was a habshi - habshis were enslaved Africans of East African descent frequently employed by Muslim monarchs in India for their reputed physical prowess and loyalty and as such were an important part of the armies and administration of the Delhi Sultanate.[2]

Biography

Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, and found favour with the first female monarch of the Mamluk dynasty, Razia Sultana. Yaqut soon became a close advisor and was widely rumoured in the court and amongst the nobles to be the queen's lover. Contemporary historians were also conflicted in their assessment — many including Ibn Battuta record that their relationship was illicit and too intimate in public, but others assert that Yaqut was just a close advisor and friend.[3] A particular incident that provoked the rumors was when Yaqut was observed sliding his arms under the queen's armpits to hoist her onto a horse, which was seen as a flagrant act of intimacy.[4] This charge too was proven to be false[5] later as historians argued that Razia always rode an elephant in public and not a horse. His power and influence grew through his close relationship with Razia Sultana, who appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, giving a loyalist an important post and challenging the power of the Muslim nobles and orthodox leaders.[6] She awarded him the honorific title _Amir-al-Khayl_ (_Amir of Horses_) and later the much higher _Amir al-Umara_ (_Amir of Amirs_), much to the consternation and outrage of the Turkish nobility.[7] Already resented for being a woman ruler by the Muslim nobles and clerics, Razia's proximity to an Abyssinian slave (considered racially inferior to the Turkish nobles who ruled the Sultanate) alienated the nobility and clerics and soon provoked open rebellion and conspiracy.[8] It is argued that the rumors spread by the nobles about her affair with Yaqut were false and was done so to bring about her downfall .

A rebellion led by Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda (Punjab) broke out against Razia and Yaqut; fearing a siege, Razia and Yaqut chose to go out of Delhi to engage the rebels. Forces loyal to Razia and Yaqut were routed by Altunia; Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured and imprisoned at Batinda by Altunia and later married . However, Razia and Altunia was subsequently killed in battle against her step brother Muiz ud din Bahram, who had usurped the throne of Delhi in Razia's absence.

In popular culture

Dharmendra played the lead role of Yaqut and Hema Malini as Razia Sultan in a Hindi movie of the same name, written and directed by Kamal Amrohi, in 1983 with soulful music composed by Khayyam. Saurabh Pandey played the role of Yaqut in & TV show Razia Sultan

[1]

[2] Encyclopædia Britannica

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Yaqut's relationship with Razia Sultana?

answer: Yaqut was an Abyssinian slave who rose up in the ranks of Delhi court to become a close confidant and advisor to the Indian Queen, Razia Sultana. His proximity to an Abyssinian slave was racially aversive, and many of the nobility jealously accused him and the queen of being lovers. Yaqut silenced these rumors and was executed. In 1983, a Hindi film about Yaqut and Razia was released with Dharamendra in the starring role.

text: Incorrect pronoun use

refinement: Yaqut was an Abyssinian slave who rose up in the ranks of Delhi court to become a close confidant and advisor to the Indian Queen, Razia Sultana. Her proximity to an Abyssinian slave was racially aversive, and many of the nobility jealously accused him and the queen of being lovers. Yaqut silenced these rumors and was executed. In 1983, a Hindi film about Yaqut and Razia was released with Dharamendra in the starring role.

text: NOt possible

refinement: Yaqut was an Abyssinian slave who rose up in the ranks of the Delhi court to become a close confidant and advisor to the Indian Queen, Razia Sultana. Her proximity to an Abyssinian slave was racially aversive, and many of the nobility jealously accused him and the queen of being lovers. Yaqut was executed. In 1983, a Hindi film about Yaqut and Razia was released with Dharamendra in the starring role.

answer: Jamal ud-Din Yaqut was a close confidant of Razia Sultana and became a trusted soldier of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut earned the honorific of 'Amir al-Khayl' for his devotion to Razia and remained a close association to the king for quite some time.

text: Gender confusion

refinement: Jamal ud-Din Yaqut was a close confidant of Razia Sultana and became a trusted soldier of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut earned the honorific of 'Amir al-Khayl' for his devotion to Razia and remained a close associate of the Sultana for quite some time.

answer: Jamal ud-Din Yaqut was a close confidant of Razia Sultana and became a trusted soldier of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut earned the honorific of 'Amir al-Khayl' for his devotion to Razia and remained a close association to the king for quite some time. Yaqut's power and influence soared in the court until rumors spread of his adulterous relation with the queen. A rebellion broke out against Razia and Yaqut was killed along with Razia Sultanda during a battle. However, a year later they were both killed by the stepbrother of Razia.

text: Confusing gender reference

refinement: Jamal ud-Din Yaqut was a close confidant of Razia Sultana and became a trusted soldier of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut earned the honorific of 'Amir al-Khayl' for his devotion to Razia and remained a close associate of the sultana for quite some time. Yaqut's power and influence soared in the court until rumors spread of his adulterous relation with the queen. A rebellion broke out against Razia and Yaqut was killed along with Razia Sultanda during a battle. However, a year later they were both killed by the stepbrother of Razia.

text: This is inaccurate and impossible

refinement: Jamal ud-Din Yaqut was a close confidant of Razia Sultana and became a trusted soldier of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut earned the honorific of 'Amir al-Khayl' for his devotion to Razia and remained a close associate of the sultana for quite some time. Yaqut's power and influence soared in the court until rumors spread of his adulterous relationship with the queen. Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured and imprisoned at Bathinda by Altunia and later married. However, Razia and Altunia were subsequently killed in battle.

answer:
Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, and soon became a close advisor and close confidant of the Delhi Sultanate's first female monarch, Razia Sultana.
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and much higher Amir of Amirs. Yaqut soon getting help her to rule, provoke racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both respectively Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
However, some intended historians think that their relationship was illicit and too intimate in public.

text: Hard to understand

refinement:
Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, and soon became a close advisor and close confidant of the Delhi Sultanate's first female monarch, Razia Sultana.
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and later the much higher position of Amir of Amirs. Yaqut soon getting help her to rule, provoke racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both respectively Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
However, some intended historians think that their relationship was illicit and too intimate in public.

text: Incoherent sentences

refinement:
Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, and soon became a close advisor and close confidant of the Delhi Sultanate's first female monarch, Razia Sultana.
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and later the much higher position of Amir of Amirs.

text: Incomplete answer

refinement:
Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, and soon became a close advisor and close confidant of the Delhi Sultanate's first female monarch, Razia Sultana.
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and later the much higher position of Amir of Amirs.
Razia Sultana's patronage made him an influential member of the court, provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both primarily Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
Forces loyal to Razia and Yaqut were routed by Altunia; Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured.

answer: Yaqut was an Abyssinian slave who rose up in the ranks of Delhi court to become a close confidant and advisor to the Indian Queen, Razia Sultana. His proximity to an Abyssinian slave was racially aversive, and many of the nobility jealously accused him and the queen of being lovers. Yaqut and Razia Sultana became close, and Razia entrusted him with an important post. Yaqut's power and influence grew through his relationship with her. But after much antagonism, an open rebellion broke out against Razia, led by Yaqut's former governor, and Yaqut was executed. In 1983, a Hindi film about Yaqut and Razia was released with Dharamendra in the starring role.

text: Makes no sense

refinement: Yaqut was an Abyssinian slave who rose up in the ranks of the Delhi court to become a close confidant and advisor to the Indian Queen, Razia Sultana. The fact that he was an Abyssinian slave was racially aversive, and many of the nobility jealously accused him and the queen of being lovers. Yaqut and Razia Sultana became close, and Razia entrusted him with an important post. Yaqut's power and influence grew through his relationship with her. But after much antagonism, an open rebellion broke out against Razia, led by Yaqut's former governor, and Yaqut was executed. In 1983, a Hindi film about Yaqut and Razia was released with Dharamendra in the starring role.

answer:
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and much higher Amir al-Umara. Yaqut soon getting help her to rule, provoke racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both respectively Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
However, some intended historians think that their relationship was illicit and too intimate in public.

text: Hard to understand

refinement:
Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and a much higher position of Amir al-Umara. Yaqut soon getting help her to rule, provoke racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were both respectively Turkic and already resentful of the rule of a female monarchy.
However, some intended historians think that their relationship was illicit and too intimate in public.

text: Incoherent

refinement: Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and a much higher position of Amir al-Umara.

text: Doesn't fully answer the question

refinement: Razia Sultana appointed him to the important post of superintendent of the royal stables, and she awarded him the honorific title Amir al-Khayl and a much higher position of Amir al-Umara. A rebellion led by Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda (Punjab) broke out against Razia and Yaqut; fearing a siege, Razia and Yaqut chose to go out of Delhi to engage the rebels. Forces loyal to Razia and Yaqut were routed by Altunia; Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured and imprisoned.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Yaqut's early life?

answer: No answer

text: No answer

refinement: Yaqut was an African Siddi slave who rose to become the trusted confidant of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India.

answer: No answer

answer: Yaqut was an African Siddi slave who rose to become the trusted confidant of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India.

answer: Jalal uddin Yaqut was an African Siddi slave-turned-nobleman who was a close confidant of the female sovereign of the Delhi Sultanate Razia Sultan, who was born and raised in India as a habshi. He lived during the time of the Sultan Iltutmish and then Razia, who was a descendant of the Mamluk dynasty. Yaqut, born a slave of East African descent, was reputed to be physically athletic. Yaqut had originally been a close advisor and confidant of Queen Razia, but Jalal's influence and power grew after she gave him the title Amir-al-Khayl. They were rumored to be relations, but this was found to be false. Yaqut rose in the ranks to be the superintendent of the Majesty's royal stables. He rose in the ranks and found favor as a soldier under the Delhi Sultanate. He also eventually rose to the post of Amir al-Umara, an honorific title.

text: This seeks to answer the question by aspects of Yaqut's life

refinement: Yaqut was an African Siddi slave who rose to become the trusted confidant of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India.

answer: The article doesn't say.

text: The article doesn't say but it is possible to find information in the text

refinement: Yaqut was an African Siddi slave who rose to become the trusted confidant of Razia Sultana, the first and only female monarch of the Delhi Sultanate in India.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about bigotry?

answer: Yaqut is a former African slave assassinated as a result of bigotry. The noblemen of the time considered anyone of different race an inferior, unlike their Turkish counterparts. This led to the many conspiracies against Empress Razia, and perhaps laid the groundwork for the eventual overthrow of Muslim rule by the British.

answer: The article says that people were already racist in that society and the acceptance of a female ruler did little to resolve their racism towards those with different skin tones. Further, the article cites that a rumor spread suggesting the female ruler's relationship with her advisor was a sign of weakness. These two examples show how far-reaching racism was in that time and how it was used to weaken female servants and leaders in that time.

answer: The article suggests that Yaqut became a target for bigotry because of his close relationship with Razia Sultan. Razia Sultan's patronage provoked racial antagonism because Yaqut earned a post as a well-paid confidant to the queen. Yaqut's rumored affair with Razia Sultan earned him the title of a racist lover.

text: This is misleading

refinement: The article suggests that Yaqut became a target for bigotry because of his close relationship with Razia Sultan. Razia Sultan's patronage provoked racial antagonism because Yaqut earned a post as a well-paid confidant to the queen.

answer: The article suggests that Yaqut became a target for bigotry because of his close relationship with Razia Sultan. Yaqut was a habshi, and it was the racism between habshis and the Turkic nobles that provoked racial antagonism. The court grew to resent Yaqut's power and influence through his close relationship with Razia Sultana and reacted with open rebellion and conspiracy. Yaqut's rumored affair with Razia Sultan earned him the title of a racist lover. Yaqut was killed by a Turkic general.

text: There is no evidence of this in the text

refinement: The article suggests that Yaqut became a target for bigotry because of his close relationship with Razia Sultan. Yaqut was a habshi, and it was the racism between habshis and the Turkic nobles that provoked racial antagonism. The court grew to resent Yaqut's power and influence through his close relationship with Razia Sultana and reacted with open rebellion and conspiracy.  Yaqut was killed by a Turkic general.

answer: Yaqut is a former African slave who rose to prominence in the court of the Delhi Sultanate. The noblemen of the time considered anyone of different race an inferior, unlike their Turkish counterparts. This led to the many conspiracies against Empress Razia, and perhaps laid the groundwork for the eventual overthrow of Muslim rule by the British.

answer: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles towards Razia's reign was that she was the first woman monarch of Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, so racial jealousy and suspicion were common accusations towards him. Relating to this, the article says that Razia received hostility from nobility and clergy members who were Turkic. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that the rumors about Razia and Yaqut became false and were used to bring about her downfall.

text: Grammatical error

refinement: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles that Razia rencountered was that she was the first woman monarch of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, so racial jealousy and suspicion were common accusations towards him. Relating to this, the article says that Razia received hostility from nobility and clergy members who were Turkic. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that the rumors about Razia and Yaqut became false and were used to bring about her downfall.

text: Clumsy sentence with grammatical errors

refinement: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles that Razia rencountered was that she was the first woman monarch of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, and he was often accused of racial jealousy. Relating to this, the article says that Razia received hostility from nobility and clergy members who were Turkic. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that the rumors about Razia and Yaqut became false and were used to bring about her downfall.

text: Clumsy sentence structure

refinement: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles that Razia rencountered was that she was the first woman monarch of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, and he was often accused of racial jealousy. Turkic clergy and nobility often treated Razia with hostility. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that the rumors about Razia and Yaqut became false and were used to bring about her downfall.

text: Typo

refinement: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles that Razia encountered was that she was the first woman monarch of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, and he was often accused of racial jealousy. Turkic clergy and nobility often treated Razia with hostility. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that the rumors about Razia and Yaqut became false and were used to bring about her downfall.

text: Grammatical errors

refinement: The text says that Yaqut rose in the ranks of the Delhi court, becoming influential. One of the obstacles that Razia encountered was that she was the first woman monarch of the Delhi Sultanate. Yaqut was of African descent, a habshi. Yaqut was rumored to be Razia's lover, and he was often accused of racial jealousy. Turkic clergy and nobility often treated Razia with hostility. However, Razia and Yaqut made soldiers out of the Abyssinians, who were considered racially inferior to them. The article suggests that rumors that Razia and Yaqut became lovers were false and were used to bring about her downfall.


split: train

text:
So, you’ve expressed interest in taking up arms and exacting revenge upon all walrus-kind. Or perhaps you’re wondering what they taste like. Regardless, there are a number of danger that you may face along the way. With that said, I must first warn you of the insatiable hunger of the common walrus. To that end, each GWI (General Walrus Infantry) such as yourself will be issued an Over-overcoat (patent pending) which will be lined with raw fish. You will also be issued a net launcher and gun that fires tranquilizer darts- by the way, we very, very strictly monitor the tranquilizer supplies, so don’t be “darting out” on me, you got that pipsqueak?! Secondly, These walrus have been known to forcibly sex their enemies into a catatonic state, or death if you get lucky, so hold on to your butts.

Transportation’s already been lined up, and it’s nothing but the finest. An antique biplane will carry you from here to the sand-swept wasteland of Nova Scotia, a land of which little is known, because no man has ever returned to tell about it, and if one did, he had an accent so asinine that nobody could understand him, even if they were able to take him seriously. From there you will travel atop the Great Nameless Whale (he’s not mysterious or dangerous, he just changed his name needed to dodge some bill collecting dolphins) through the Arctic Septagon to the Sand Palace, home of all walrus royalty. Feel free to converse with the GNW as you travel, but be careful not to bring up the topic of supply-side economics, as there is absolutely no chance you’ll live to regret ignoring this warning.

Upon your arrival, you will be expected to perform the Dance of the Elders, which is eerily similar to the “Electric Slide,” but with more exaggerated upper-body movements. Tradition dictates that you’ll be invited into the palace to feast with the Royal Council of Walruses and enjoy the finest accommodations a structure build entirely from frozen sand could possibly hope to offer. It is recommended that you bring several blankets, as they provide both warmth- which is in short supply- and because they can act as vectors for “biological suckerpunches” when combined with the “Just-Add-Blanket SealPox” packets, should your mission go pear-shaped.

Assuming you’ve made it into the palace safely, having danced properly and avoided discussing supply-side economics with the GNW, You’ll need to eat whatever they serve, and do so with great gusto- 1:4 odds it turns out to be the GNW- or run the risk of giving them the impression that they cook poorly, which would cause their self-esteem to plummet (the only television they can get in the Arctic Septagon is the Food Network). According to our intelligence, they believe desserts to be the work of the One With Inverted Tusks, which is either a mythical beast akin to Christianity’s Satan, a severely disfigured walrus with a particularly strange case of Down Syndrome, or an elaborate, yet surprisingly transparent, hoax put on by the walrus media to beef up their ratings.

Once you have made it safely into the guest wing of the palace, remove the five water-proofed burlap sacks you’ll find in your gear. Then go from room to room, gathering all the towels, tiny soaps, and individually packaged nuts that you can carry. Finally, you must extricate yourself from the palace which should be simple since, y’know, it’s made of sand. Just meet back at the LZ whenever your mission is complete.

title: [HM] Getting Back at Those Walruses That Abused My Generous All You Can Eat Buffet Policy.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the mission plan.

answer: The mission plan is to go to Nova Scotia and then to the Arctic Septagon. The mission plan is to go to the walrus palace and then to the LZ when it's complete.

text: The two sentences can be merged.

refinement: The mission plan is to go to Nova Scotia and then to the Arctic Septagon, then to go to the walrus palace, and then to the LZ when it's complete.

answer: The mission plan is to fly to Nova Scotia and then travel on a whale to the Sand Palace, home of all walrus royalty. The mission is to perform the Dance of the Elders, which is eerily similar to the "Electric Slide" and feast with the Royal Council of Walruses. Then, the mission is to gather towels, tiny soaps, and individually packaged nuts. Finally, the mission is to extricate themselves from the palace.

text: "The mission" is mentioned too often.

refinement: The mission plan is to fly to Nova Scotia and then travel on a whale to the Sand Palace, home of all walrus royalty. The mission is to perform the Dance of the Elders, which is eerily similar to the "Electric Slide" and feast with the Royal Council of Walruses. Then, their assigned task is to gather towels, tiny soaps, and individually packaged nuts. Then finally, to extricate themselves from the palace.

answer: The plan is to launch a surprise attack on the Walruses' palace. The agents are awaiting orders.

answer: The plan is to obtain revenge on walruses that abuse the all-you-can-eat buffet policy. The plan is to parachute into Nova Scotia, transit the Arctic Septagon on the Great Nameless Whale, and enter the Sand Palace, home of all walrus royalty. Once there, perform the Dance of the Elders. Next, gather towels. The plan calls for the gathering of miniature soap bars and individually packaged nuts. In order to exit the palace, meet at the landing zone if successful.

text: "The plan" is mentioned too often.

refinement: The mission is to obtain revenge on walruses that abuse the all-you-can-eat buffet policy. The plan is to parachute into Nova Scotia, transit the Arctic Septagon on the Great Nameless Whale, and enter the Sand Palace, home of all walrus royalty. Once there, perform the Dance of the Elders. Next, gather towels. It calls for the gathering of miniature soap bars and individually packaged nuts. In order to exit the palace, meet at the landing zone if successful.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about how to prepare seafood?

answer: The story mentions how to prepare seafood for the mission, as the soldiers will be issued an overcoat lined with raw fish.

text: There is no mention of seafood preparation in the original text.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The narrator explains that G.W.I.s should be armed with Fish-lined Over-Overcoats for preparing seafood.

text: There is no mention of seafood preparation in the original text.

answer: The story recommends that the GWI (General Walrus Infantry) be issued an Over-overcoat (patent pending) which will be lined with raw fish.

text: There is no mention of seafood preparation in the original text.

answer: The General Wet Walrus Infantry is issued a fish lined Over-overcoat, and a net-launcher gun that fires tranquilizer darts. The walruses have the legendary appetite that causes them to devour their surroundings.

text: There is no mention of seafood preparation in the original text.

answer: No answer


text:
Published: Aug. 28, 2018 at 7:07 p.m. ET

Amazon.com Inc. AMZN, -0.85% is planning to launch an ad-supported free video app, a direct challenge to a similar service offered by Roku Inc. ROKU, +6.62%, according to a report in The Information late Tuesday. Roku stock is down 1.4% after hours and Amazon stock is up 0.2%. Built by the company's IMDB subsidiary, the new offering will be for the estimated 48 million people who use the company's Fire TV streaming devices, according to the report. Like the Roku Channel, Amazon's version will license older TV shows which have already aired. The Roku Channel was a major driver of the company's platform business, which includes ad sales, licensing and revenue sharing. Amazon stock closed up 0.3% to $1,932.82 during the regular session Tuesday, as the S&P 500 index SPX, -0.46% gained less than 0.1%.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What new service is Amazon planning?

answer: An ad-supported free video app

answer: Ad-supported free video app.

answer: An add-supported free video app.

answer: Amazon is planning a new ad-supported free video app to compete with the Roku Channel.

answer: An ad-supported free video app.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who will its direct competitor be?

answer: Roku

answer: The Roku Channel, licensing older TV shows that have already aired.

answer: Roku.

answer: Roku Inc.

answer: Roku

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the new offering for?

answer: The new offering is intended for people who use Amazon's Fire TV streaming devices.

answer: The new offering is for Amazon Fire TV users.

answer: The new offering is for the estimated 48 million people who use the company's Fire TV streaming devices.

answer: For the estimated 48 million people who use the company's Fire TV streaming devices.

answer: It is for the estimated 48 million people who use the company's Fire TV.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What role did Roku Channel play?

answer: The Roku Channel was a major driver of revenue for Roku through revenue sharing and licensing. Similar to the Roku Channel, Amazon's version of the ad-supported free video app is aimed at bringing in older TV shows.

answer: It was a major driver for the company's platform business.

answer: The Roku Channel is a service that is offered by Roku Inc.that provides an ad-supported free video app. The purpose of the service is to attract more users to its platform.

answer: The Roku Channel was a major driver of the company's platform business, which includes ad sales, licensing and revenue sharing.

answer: Roku included Roku Channel as a major driver for it's platform business (ad sales, licensing and revenue sharing).

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Amazon plans to launch an ad-supported video app. This directly challenges rival Roku's similar service. Shares of Roku stock dropped 1.4% in Tuesday's after-hours trading, while shares of Amazon stock remained flat.

answer: Amazon is planning to launch an ad-supported free video app. It will be targeting the estimated 48 million users of Fire TV streaming devices.

answer: Amazon is planning to launch a video app with ad support, challenging Roku's similar service. The new offering will aim at the 48 million users of Fire TV streaming devices.

answer: Amazon is planning on launching an ad-supported free video app by licensing older TV shows that have already aired. This will challenge the Roku channel that has been a major driver of the company's platform business.

answer: Amazon is going to launch an ad-supported free video app, which Roku already offers. Amazon's stock is up 0.2% as of this report, the Roku's stock is down 1.4%.


text:
(Image via Netflix)

Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he’s delivering quarterly earnings reports. But Netflix’s expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected, placing Hastings’ silly-sweater campaign under threat.

Originally Netflix planned to repeat the business model it used to set up shop across Southeast Asia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand in China, an obvious strategic move on par with trying to dump its DVD business or creating original content. But China has remained elusive, leading the media provider to revise plans and suggesting it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media. Or, put another way, China might prefer Netflix to fork over a sizable share of profits to a native company.

Netflix CFO David Wells acknowledges the challenges, saying, “We hope to be able to launch the service there next year, and we’ll continue to treat it sort of as its own territory.” And seeing as Netflix is eyeing a price hike for 2016, China may simply want to cultivate its own streaming services and maybe not even bother to mail back its copy of _Dunston Checks In_.

CEO/_Bojack Horseman_ superfan Hastings emphasizes the larger picture of total world domination. “We hope to open the entire rest of the world in 2016,” Hastings said. “I suppose [opening in China is] possible. But in the rest of the world, we’re pretty confident that we’ll open. And then we’ll have to see how successful we are in Poland.” So, as long as Netflix is busy invading Poland, it seems China is safe.

question: Who is Reed Hastings?

answer: He is the CEO of Netflix

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings..."

answer: Reed Hastings is the CEO of Netflix.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings..."

answer: Reed Hastings is the CEO of Netflix.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings..."

answer: Netflix's CEO

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings..."

question: Why is Netflix experiencing strong growth?

answer: Netflix's strong growth is likely due to its expansion into new markets, as well as its original content. This has made it a popular choice for consumers, and has allowed it to grow rapidly.

text: The article doesn't say original content was a significant factor in Netflix's growth. Only that it was a good strategic move. Consequently, the second sentence should be removed with the mention of original content.

refinement: Netflix's strong growth is likely due to its expansion into new markets.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets..."

answer: It is expanding into new markets.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets..."

answer: By expanding into new markets like Southeast Asia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets..."

answer: Netflix is experiencing strong growth because it is expanding into new markets.

text: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets..."

question: Which country is Netflix experiencing problems entering?

answer: China

text: "But China has remained elusive, leading the media provider to revise plans and suggesting it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media."

answer: China

text: "But China has remained elusive, leading the media provider to revise plans and suggesting it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media."

answer: China.

text: "But China has remained elusive, leading the media provider to revise plans and suggesting it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media."

answer: China

text: "But China has remained elusive, leading the media provider to revise plans and suggesting it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media."

question: How does Netflix plan to go around its expansion plans in China?

answer: The company may partner with a local entity like Wasu Media.

text: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

answer: Netflix plans to partner with a local entity like Wasu Media.

text: The article mentions partnering with Wasu Media as a potential action, not a definite plan.

refinement: Netflix might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media.

text: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

answer: Netflix plans to try to enter China again in 2016, but acknowledges that it may be more difficult than anticipated. The company is considering partnering with a local company, or simply launching its service on its own.

text: Netflix isn't trying to enter the Chinese market again. They are trying to enter it for the first time.

refinement: Netflix plans to try to enter China but acknowledges that it may be more difficult than anticipated. The company is considering partnering with a local company, or simply launching its service on its own.

text: The company that can decide to open its own movie streaming service is Wasu Media since Netflix is already a movie streaming service.

refinement: Netflix plans to try to enter China but acknowledges that it may be more difficult than anticipated. The company is considering partnering with a local company.

answer: Netflix plans to partner with a local entity like Wasu Media.

text: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, and its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he's delivering quarterly earnings reports. However, Netflix's expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. The company is trying to set up shop in China, but it's proving to be more difficult than expected. The company is trying to partner with a local entity, but China may prefer Netflix to fork over a sizable share of profits to a native company.

text: Netflix's problems entering into China are mentioned twice.

refinement: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, and its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he's delivering quarterly earnings reports. However, Netflix's expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. The company is trying to partner with a local entity, but China may prefer Netflix to fork over a sizable share of profits to a native company.

text: Netflix forking over a share of profits into a Chinese company is the same thing as them partnering with a Chinese company. The point of the partnership is profit sharing. Also, the company is thinking about a partnership, not planning it.

refinement: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, and its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he's delivering quarterly earnings reports. However, Netflix's expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. The company is considering partnering with a local entity since China may prefer Netflix to fork over a sizable share of profits to a native company.

text: The summary can utilize one more sentence. It can be used to mention that China might prefer to operate its own movie streaming service.

refinement: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, and its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he's delivering quarterly earnings reports. However, Netflix's expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. The company is considering partnering with a local entity since China may prefer Netflix to fork over a sizable share of profits to a native company. Meanwhile, China might decide to open its own streaming service.

text: Growth and clothes: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth—much of it through expanding into new markets—that its CEO Reed Hastings can wear whatever he wants when he’s delivering quarterly earnings reports."

text: China troubles: "Netflix’s expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected"

text: Potential partnership: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

answer: Media streaming giant Netflix has been experiencing strong growth as it continues to expand into new markets such as Southeast Asia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. The company has hit a roadblock in entering China and may have to partner with a local entity like Wasu Media to gain a foothold there. However, having a local partner may force Netflix to give up a sizable amount of revenue to the native company. Another wrinkle is that China may simply want to cultivate its own streaming services and not bother with Netflix at all.

text: Growth: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth..."

text: China troubles: "Netflix’s expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected"

text: Potential partnership: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

text: China can open its own service: "China may simply want to cultivate its own streaming services"

answer: Netflix's expansion into China is proving more difficult than originally anticipated, and the company is now considering partnering with a local entity in order to gain a foothold in the market. CEO Reed Hastings remains confident that the company will eventually be able to open in the rest of the world, but China may not be a priority for the time being.

text: The article never mentions the CEO saying China won't be a priority.

refinement: Netflix's expansion into China is proving more difficult than originally anticipated, and the company is now considering partnering with a local entity in order to gain a foothold in the market. CEO Reed Hastings remains confident that the company will eventually be able to open in the rest of the world.

text: The answer can utilize two more sentences. These may mention that China might open its own streaming service and Netflix's strong growth.

refinement: Netflix has seen strong growth due to its expansion into new markets. Netflix's expansion into China is proving more difficult than originally anticipated, and the company is now considering partnering with a local entity in order to gain a foothold in the market. CEO Reed Hastings remains confident that the company will eventually be able to open in the rest of the world. Meanwhile, China may opt to cultivate its own streaming platform.

text: China troubles: "Netflix’s expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected"

text: Potential partnership: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"

text: Worldwide: "But in the rest of the world, we’re pretty confident that we’ll open."

answer: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, but its expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. Netflix is considering partnering with a local entity, Wasu Media, to enter the Chinese market.

text: The answer can utilize two more sentences. These may mention that China might open its own streaming service and that Netflix aims to operate in all the countries.

refinement: Netflix is experiencing strong growth, but its expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected. Netflix is considering partnering with a local entity, Wasu Media, to enter the Chinese market. While Netflix aims to enter all the national markets in the world, the Chinese may opt out. The country may decide to cultivate its own streaming service.

text: China troubles: "Netflix’s expansion into China is proving more complicated than expected"

text: Growth: "Netflix has been experiencing such strong growth..."

text: Potential partnership: "it might partner with a local entity like Wasu Media"


text:
Just 5 months after our last major release, I’m happy to announce the release of WP Migrate DB Pro 1.7 and CLI addon 1.3. In the past, we’ve struggled with limiting the scope of each release and getting releases out more often (e.g. version 1.6 took 10 months and version 1.5 took 12 months!) but I believe we finally have a handle on it now. I’ll save the details of what we changed in our development processes to make that happen for another post. For now, let’s take a look at what’s new.

Run a Find & Replace on the Current Site

You may recall that Matt Shaw joined us as a full-time product developer in February this year. What you probably don’t know is that we also acquired Matt’s plugin when we hired him: Better Search Replace Pro. I was impressed with the work Matt did on that plugin and its rapid rise in popularity. It just made sense to reach out to him and see if he was interested in selling it and maybe working with us as well.

Matt has been working on incorporating one of Better Search Replace Pro’s features into this latest release of WP Migrate DB Pro. It’s a feature that we’ve had planned for ages: in-place search and replace. Here’s the original GitHub issue:

[in-place-find-replace-github-issue]

In the above feature request, Damon lays out a very common use-case for in-place search and replace: changing the domain on a staging site that’s becoming the live site. I ran into this plenty when I was a freelance developer and I’m sure many of you have as well.

When you update to 1.7, the first thing you should notice is the new “Find & Replace” option:

[mdb-find-replace-screenshot-1]

As you can see, you have all of the usual controls: which tables are operated on, which post types are excluded, whether a backup should be saved before running the find and replace, etc. You also get the same progress UI as with the other migration options:

[mdb-find-replace-screenshot-2]

As you can see, there’s even still a “Pause before finalizing the updates” option, which is a hint of how it works. We duplicate all the tables, run the find and replace on the duplicates, then drop the live tables and rename the duplicates. It’s the same way push and pull works. This makes for a much safer find and replace than operating on live tables.

CLI find-replace Subcommand

We’ve added a new WP-CLI find-replace subcommand to WP Migrate DB Pro (no need to install the CLI addon) that runs the same code as the UI:

    $ wp migratedb find-replace --find=http://dev.samueljacksonbeer.com,/Users/bradt/Sites/samueljacksonbeer.com/public --replace=https://samueljacksonbeer.com,/sites/samueljacksonbeer.com/public

See our documentation for more details.

You may be wondering why you would ever use this over WP-CLI’s search-replace command and there’s a few reasons:

1.  MULTIPLE VALUES: As you can see in the example above, you can provide a comma separated list of strings to find and a comma separated list of strings to replace.
2.  SAFETY: We run the find & replace on duplicate tables first, then replace the live tables with the duplicates.
3.  SAVED PROFILES: If you often run the same find & replace you can save it as a profile and just run the profile from the command line.

Auto HTTPS Handling

Most developers don’t bother configuring HTTPS on a dev site. Besides the best practice of having the dev site mirror the production site as closely as possible, there’s really no point. And with so many sites moving to HTTPS these days, it’s common to have a dev site on HTTP and a production site on HTTPS. Before WP Migrate DB Pro 1.7, you had to manually add an additional find and replace to run a migration with WP Migrate DB Pro:

[Screen Shot 2016-07-04 at 2.17.48 PM]

Not anymore. In 1.7, we detect the protocols of the origin and destination and handle this all in the background.

“Copy to Clipboard” Button

[copy-to-clipboard]

Prior to 1.7, it was pretty easy to select the contents of the Connection Info box and copy the connection info, but if you were copying it for use on the command line it was really annoying. You essentially had to do it twice, once for the URL and once for the key. Now you can can simply use the “Copy to Clipboard” button and it will copy both to the clipboard with a space between, ready for use on the command line. The UI also now supports pasting the connection info with a space instead of a newline character, so you can use the “Copy to Clipboard” button for both the UI and the command line.

[cli-addon-1-3]

We also made a couple of nice improvements to the CLI addon in this release. There’s now a setting subcommand modelled after WP-CLI’s option command:

    wp migratedb setting update license
    wp migratedb setting update push
    wp migratedb setting update pull

    wp migratedb setting get license
    wp migratedb setting get push
    wp migratedb setting get pull
    wp migratedb setting get connection-key

This will satisfy quite a few people who’ve requested a way of setting the license key from the command line and being able to automate the setup of new installs of WordPress. See our documentation for more details.

We’ve also added a profiles subcommand to list saved profiles so you don’t have to load the UI to view them:

[cli-profiles-subcommand]

See the documentation for more details.

And More

There are lots of other little bug fixes and improvements that were made to WP Migrate DB Pro and its addons for this release, so I highly recommend checking out the full changelogs.

What’s Next?

The main feature planned for WP Migrate DB Pro 1.8 is another Better Search Replace Pro feature: importing SQL files. Again we’ve had this in GitHub for a long time and I know it’s been discussed even further back.

[sql-import-github-issue]

The plan is for Matt to tackle that SQL import feature. Peter will be reworking some of the code, paving the way for later work on the highly requested Themes & Plugins addon. And in addition to helping Matt and Peter, Jeff will be working on setting up automated acceptance testing so that we can spend less time testing and more time developing.

If you’re as happy as I am with work done on this release, I invite you to thank Matt, Jeff, and Peter in the comments as well as the rest of the team for putting in hours of testing.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Matt Shaw?

answer: The article indicates that Matt Shaw joined WP Mhift DB Pro as a full-time developer earlier this year and he has been working on integrating one of his previous plugin's features into WP Migrate DB Pro. The feature enables users to run a find and replace on the current site. The new find and replace subcommand is part of the WP-CLI addon and it can be used to replace content on the site while mirroring the production site. Additionally, the article mentions that there are several bug fixes and improvements in the 1.7 release.

text: The response includes extraneous information that is not useful for the task.

refinement: The article indicates that Matt Shaw joined WP Mhift DB Pro as a full-time developer earlier this year and he has been working on integrating one of his previous plugin's features into WP Migrate DB Pro. The feature enables users to run a find and replace on the current site.

text: The response inaccurately mentions Matt Shaw joined "WP Mhift DB Pro" however it is WP Migrate DB Pro.

refinement: The article indicates that Matt Shaw joined WP Migrate DB Pro as a full-time developer earlier this year and he has been working on integrating one of his previous plugin's features into WP Migrate DB Pro. The feature enables users to run a find and replace on the current site.

answer: Matt Shaw joined the team as a full-time product developer in February this year. When the author reached out to Matt to ask if they could acquire his plugin, Matt agreed. Then it was established that a way to replicate Better Search Replace Pro's in-place search/replacement feature would be added in WP Migrate DB Pro.

answer: Matt Shaw is a freelance developer, and in February they had him come aboard their development team to help with WP Migrate DB Pro. The day they hired him, they also acquired his Better Search Replace Pro plugin, which he was working on. He's worked on incorporating one of Better Search Replace Pro's features into this latest release of WP Migrate DB Pro.

text: There is no direct evidence to suggest that Matt was a freelance developer. Matt is a product developer. The passage implies that the author was a freelance developer.

refinement: Matt Shaw is a product developer, and in February they had him come aboard their development team to help with WP Migrate DB Pro. The day they hired him, they also acquired his Better Search Replace Pro plugin, which he was working on. He's worked on incorporating one of Better Search Replace Pro's features into this latest release of WP Migrate DB Pro.

answer: Matt Shaw is a product developer at WP Migrate DB Pro. The article mentions that Matt Shaw joined the team in February and that they subsequently acquired Matt's plugin, Better Search Replace Pro. Matt has been working on incorporating one of Better Search Replace Pro's features into WP M710 DB Pro in the 1.7 release.

text: The response inaccurately names the product. It should be WP Migrate DB Pro

refinement: Matt Shaw is a product developer at WP Migrate DB Pro. The article mentions that Matt Shaw joined the team in February and that they subsequently acquired Matt's plugin, Better Search Replace Pro. Matt has been working on incorporating one of Better Search Replace Pro's features into WP Migrate DB Pro in the 1.7 release.

answer: Matt Shaw is a relatively new addition to the WP development team. His add-on, Better Search Replace Pro, is being integrated into WP. The first feature that will be released in the 1.7 update is in-place search and replace. Shaw is the one doing the work. His next item for the 1.8 update is another feature from his add-on, importing SQL files.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the newly implemented find and replace functionality?

answer: The newly implemented find and replace functionality enables users to change the domain on a staging site without having to manually change every occurrence of the old URL. The find and replace can be run on duplicate tables first so that it is safer than a manual find and replace. The connection information can now be copied to the clipboard for ease of use on the command line.

answer: WP Migrate DB Pro can now locate and replace text efficiently using a find and replace functionality for PHP. The tool can search for and replace a string in any database, including WordPress' dashboard, with numerous options. However, to avoid affecting live content, the developers have been running the functionality on duplicate database tables first. That way, when updating a database, the live tables remain untouched and only the duplicate are manipulated.

answer: The article discusses the addition of find and replace functionality to WP MespDB Pro. The find and replace allows the current site to be searched and modified without altering the live site  by duplicating the tables and running the find and replace on the duplicate tables. The button for copying data to the clipboard has also been added, making it more convenient to use data on the command line. Lastly, there are some improvements to the CLI addon as well.

text: The response inaccurately names the product. It should be WP Migrate DB Pro

refinement: The article discusses the addition of find and replace functionality to WP Migrate DB Pro. The find and replace allows the current site to be searched and modified without altering the live site  by duplicating the tables and running the find and replace on the duplicate tables. The button for copying data to the clipboard has also been added, making it more convenient to use data on the command line. Lastly, there are some improvements to the CLI addon as well.

answer: The feature is implemented by the new addition to the team, Matt Shaw. He sold his add-on to the WP team and joined them to work on it as well. The feature is long-awaited since a user requested it on GitHub, outlining a common use-case: changing domain on a staging site that's becoming a live site. The implementation works safely, doing its work on duplicate data before putting it in the right place. In addition to the functionality being available on the UI, there's also a CLI version.

answer: Right after the release, WP Migrate DB Pro would have an in-place search and replace feature that would let users find and replace table entries on live tables. The feature would duplicate tables and permit the files to run search and replace on the duplicates then rename the live tables and drop the duplicates. Hence, users will have a safer find and replace system.


text:
Sources within House Republican leadership told Breitbart News on Thursday that they believe former 2016 presidential candidate Evan McMullin may have spied on them last year, while he was policy director of the House Republican Conference.

Suspicions arose after the _Washington Post_‘s Adam Entous reported Wednesday that House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) “made a politically explosive assertion in a private conversation on Capitol Hill with his fellow GOP leaders: that Trump could be the beneficiary of payments from Russian President Vladimir Putin.”

The story was treated by other news outlets as a potential “smoking gun” implicating Trump. A closer look, however, raises serious questions about the story, as well as its sources.

The _Post_ based its reporting on an audio recording of a conversation between McCarthy and Reps. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA), Steve Scalise (R-LA), and Patrick McHenry (R-NC) on June 15, 2016.

It is not clear who recorded the conversation, or what kind of device was used. (Entous did not return a request for comment.)

The _Post_ did not post the actual audio recording for readers to listen to and judge for themselves. Instead, it posted a supposed transcript of the recording, riddled with typographical errors that would be atypical for the _Post_, at least in an important story.

(The _Post_ routinely accuses conservative journalists like James O’Keefe — falsely — of editing their videos in a misleading manner. In 2012, the _Post_‘s media critic, Erik Wemple, mocked O’Keefe: “A great deal of work is required to heavily edit surreptitious encounters with folks throughout the professional world.” Yet now the _Post_ has published a blockbuster story based on audio that may be edited deceptively — and there is no way to know.)

On Wednesday evening, Entous told Lawrence O’Donnell on MSNBC: “The source, which basically let us listen to the recording, has not provided us with the audio for us to release, otherwise I think we would. So I have listened to it, and some of my colleagues have listened to it several times … There’s about four of us that listened to it.”

He did not say how they had listened to it — whether over the telephone, or in a voice mail, or as an email attachment.

The _Post_ does not appear ever to have had the audio in its possession. Entous merely wrote that the audio “was listened to and verified by The Washington Post.”

The term “verified” could mean anything — it could simply mean the audio Entous heard matched the transcript. It does not mean that the _Post_ had confirmed that the audio was unedited, nor does it mean that the _Post_ confirmed the authenticity of the recording with the people present.

Curiously, the dateline on Entous’s story was Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. McCarthy and Ryan held talks earlier that day with Ukrainian Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman on Capitol Hill. None of the _Post_ reporters involved in the story — including “Andrew Roth in Moscow, Michael Birnbaum in Brussels and Robert Costa in Washington” — is based in Ukraine. It is not clear why overseas reporters were involved in the story.

Breitbart News’ sources, who agreed to speak about the _Post_ story without attribution, raised suspicions about Evan McMullin, a former CIA agent who ran a small third-party presidential campaign in 2016.

McMullin was the policy director of the House Republican Conference at the time of the conversation, and reportedly participated in the discussion.

In February, McMullin publicly encouraged U.S. intelligence officials to leak information about President Trump, taking to Twitter and appearing on CNN to claim that intelligence agents who were breaking the law were doing so in service of their oath to defend the Constitution against “domestic and foreign enemies.” He told CNN that “Donald Trump presents a threat to the country,” and referred to “a security threat coming from the White House.”

He also offered Entous a comment for his story in the _Post_: “It’s true that Majority Leader McCarthy said that he thought candidate Trump was on the Kremlin’s payroll. Speaker Ryan was concerned about that leaking,” he said.

The transcript itself suggests McCarthy was joking. The context of the private conversation was a discussion about how Russian propaganda has infiltrated Ukraine and beyond.

McCarthy told his colleagues that the Russians had hacked the Democratic National Committee to find opposition research on Trump, and then laughed. According to the transcript at the _Post_, the conversation then proceeded as follows — punctuated by repeated bouts of laughter:

  McCarthy: The Russians hacked the DNC and got the opp [sic] research that they had on Trump.

  McCarthy: laughs

  [Crosstalk]

  Ryan: The Russian’s [sic] hacked the DNC…

  McHenry: …to get oppo…

  Ryan: …on Trump and like delivered it to…to who?

  [Unintelligible]

  McCarthy: There’s…there’s two people, I think, Putin pays: Rohrabacher and Trump…[laughter]…swear to God.

  Ryan: This is an off the record…[laughter]…NO LEAKS…[laughter]…alright?! [Laughter]

  Ryan: This is how we know we’re a real family here.

Entous seemed determined to portray that exchange as a serious revelation of evidence against Trump. Several paragraphs into his article, he admitted: “It is difficult to tell from the recording the extent to which the remarks were meant to be taken literally.” Yet he has since been at pains to paint McCarthy’s statement as a serious one.

On MSNBC’s _Hardball_, Entous told Chris Matthews: “I listened to it very carefully, and he says it very seriously.” Later, he told O’Donnell, “I want to be really honest … Frankly, it’s kind of hard to tell. Certainly the conversation is very, very serious.” (O’Donnell chimed in to offer “Catholic boy guidance,” saying that “people with names like Kevin McCarthy and Paul Ryan,” the phrase “swear to God” means that a statement is to be taken literally.)

Entous went on to say that McCarthy had spoken “very matter-of-factually,” but admitted “some people in the room laugh[ed].”

_Joel B. Pollak is Senior Editor-at-Large at Breitbart News. He was named one of the “most influential” people in news media in 2016. He is the co-author of _How Trump Won: The Inside Story of a Revolution_, is available from Regnery. Follow him on Twitter at @joelpollak._

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was the audio transcript riddled with errors?

answer: It was not translated. The transcript inaccurately translates a conversation in which someone conveyed a verbatim account of what happened. The story had typographical errors rife through it, for example one of the politicians is named as incorrectly as "Scalise." Though the implication may just be that the typographical errors could be a slip up on behalf of the reporters.

text:
- Translation is not relevant in this case as the transcript is in English.
- No one was incorrectly named on the transcript.

refinement: The transcript in question seems to have been inaccurately transcribed. The transcript had typographical errors rife through it. Though the implication may just be that the typographical errors could be a slip up on behalf of the reporters.

answer: It is not clear.

answer: It is not clear.

answer: It was translated.

text: The word here ought to be "transcribed" not "translated". Having said that, the errors were not due to translation.

answer: Perhaps the recorder made transcription errors and didn't confirm the accuracy of the transcript until after the fact.

text: Recorders do not make mistakes nor can they verify the authenticity or accuracy of transcripts.


text:
The 156TH NEW YORK VOLUNTEER INFANTRY (aka, “Mountain Legion”) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Service

The 156th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862 under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke.

The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, January 1863. 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIX Corps, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIX Corps, to February 1864. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to July 1864, and Army of the Shenandoah, Middle Military Division, to January 1865. 3rd Brigade, Grover's Division, District of Savannah, Georgia, Department of the South, to March 1865. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, X Corps, Army of the Ohio, to May 1865. District of Savannah, Georgia, Department of Georgia, to July, 1865.

The 156th New York Infantry mustered out of service October 23, 1865 at Augusta, Georgia.

Detailed service

Left New York for New Orleans, La., December 4, 1862. Camp at Carrollton, La., until February 11, 1863. Expedition to Plaquemine February 11–19. At Carrollton until March 6. Moved to Baton Rouge, La., March 6. Operations against Port Hudson March 7–27. Moved to Algiers April 1, then to Berwick City April 9. Operations in western Louisiana April 9-May 14. Bayou Teche Campaign April 11–20. Fort Bisland near Centreville, April 12–13. Vermillion Bayou April 17. Opelousas April 20. Expedition from Opelousas to Alexandria and Simsport May 5–18. Moved to Port Hudson May 22–25. Siege of Port Hudson May 25-July 9. Assaults on Port Hudson May 27 and June 14. Expedition to Clinton June 3–8. Surrender of Port Hudson July 9. Moved to Baton Rouge, then to Donaldsonville, July 11–15, and duty there until August 15. At Baton Rouge until March 1864. Red River Campaign March 23-May 22. At Alexandria March 25-April 12. Cane River April 23–24. Construction of dam at Alexandria April 30-May 10. Actions at Alexandria May 2 and 9. Retreat to Morganza May 13–20. Mansura May 16. At Morganza until July. Expedition from Morganza to the Atchafalaya May 30-June 5. Atchafalaya River June 1. Moved to Fort Monroe, Va., then to Washington, D.C., July 5–29. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 5-November 28. Third Battle of Winchester September 19. Fisher's Hill September 22. Battle of Cedar Creek October 19. Duty at Kernstown and Winchester until January 1865. Moved to Savannah, Ga., January 5–22, and duty there until March 5. Moved to Wilmington, N.C., March 5, then to Morehead City March 10, and duty there until April 8. Moved to Goldsboro April 8, then to Savannah May 2. Duty at Savannah, Ga., and in the Department of Georgia until October.

Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 227 men during service; 4 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 164 enlisted men died of disease.

Commanders

-   Colonel Erastus Cooke
-   Colonel Jacob Sharpe
-   Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Neafie

title: 156th New York Volunteer Infantry

question: What is another name for the 156th New York Volunteer Infantry?

answer: The 156th New York Infantry is also known as the "Mountain Legion."

answer: The 156th New York Infantry was also known as the "Mountain Legion."

answer: Mountain Legion

answer: The Mountain Legion.

question: Where and when was the 156th New York Infantry organized?

answer: The 156th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862.

text: "and mustered in for three years service on November 17, 1862." - superfluous information that can be deleted.

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862.

answer: The 156th New York Infantry was organized in Kingston, New York in August of 1862, and served in the Gulf Department until October 1865.

text: "and served in the Gulf Department until October 1865." - superfluous information that can be deleted.

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was organized in Kingston, New York in August of 1862.

answer: Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862

answer: The 156th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862.

question: Who is  Colonel Erastus Cooke?

answer: Colonel Erastus Cooke was the commander of the 156th New York Infantry.

answer: He was the commander of the 156th New York Infantry

answer: He was the commander of the 156th New York Infantry.

answer: Colonel Erastus Cooke was the commander of the 156th New York Infantry during the American Civil War.

question: List the casualty figures for the 156th New York Infantry.

answer:
Total men lost during service: 227
Men killed or mortally wounded: 4 officers, 56 enlisted men
Men who died of disease: 3 officers, 164 enlisted men

answer: The regiment lost a total of 227 men during service; 4 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 164 enlisted men died of disease.

answer: The regiment lost a total of 227 men during service, with 4 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, and 3 officers and 164 enlisted men dying of disease.

answer: The regiment lost a total of 227 men during service; 4 officers and 56 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 164 enlisted men died of disease.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The 156th New York Infantry Regiment was formed in 1862 and saw action in the Red River Campaign and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign during the American Civil War. The regiment suffered a total of 227 casualties, including 56 killed or mortally wounded, before being mustered out in 1865.

text: Did not meet the 3-sentence summary requirement. Add one more sentence.

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry Regiment was formed in 1862 and saw action in the Red River Campaign and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign during the American Civil War. They mustered in for three years of service on November 17, 1862, under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment suffered a total of 227 casualties, including 56 killed or mortally wounded, before being mustered out in 1865.

answer: The 156th New York Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862 under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863.

text: "The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863." - this detail repeats itself and is redundant. Should be deleted.

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862 under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863.

text: "to January 1863." - makes little sense without the prior "from" date. Should be deleted. (the source material is the same)

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862 and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862 under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf.

text: Add a comma after "1862"

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862, and mustered in for three-years service on November 17, 1862, under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf.

text: "three-years service" - change to "three years of service"

refinement: The 156th New York Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was organized at Kingston, New York beginning August 23, 1862, and mustered in for three years of service on November 17, 1862, under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. The regiment was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf.

answer: The 156th New York Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was organized at Kingston, New York, and mustered in for three years of service on November 17, 1862. It was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863.

text: "to January 1863." - makes little sense without the prior "from" date. Should be deleted. (the source material is the same)

refinement: The 156th New York Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was organized at Kingston, New York, and mustered in for three years of service on November 17, 1862. It was attached to Sherman's Division, Department of the Gulf, to January 1863.

answer: The 156th New York Volunteer Infantry, also known as the 'Mountain Lions,' was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 156th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York on August 23, 1862, under the command of Colonel Erastus Cooke. They mustered in for three years of service (November 17, 1862 - October 23, 1865) and suffered a total of 227 casualties, most of whom died of disease.


text:
I will not recount here the details of the tragedy that took place in Charlottesville, Virginia on August 12, nor the responses that followed which mirrored the views of White supremacists, or the views of those of us who are firmly in opposition to such hatred and bigotry. We are all aware of the words of the President of the United States who said that both sides were to blame for the violence that tragically took the life of Heather Heyer. I join with all who insist that there is a complete lack of shared blame or moral equivalency between the group that blatantly displayed their symbols of hatred and bigotry and the group that opposed those vicious and inhumane views. It was also a day when two Virginia State Patrol policemen lost their lives, and 19 people were injured.

What I will recount here are instances in my own story that explain why I was so profoundly frightened and outraged by what took place in Charlottesville. I was frightened because I have personally witnessed such displays of White supremacy. In recalling my outrage I lift up the last words that our shero, Heather Heyer, wrote on her Facebook page: “If you are not outraged you are not paying attention.” I will also speak to what I strongly feel we can and must do in response to the brutal outpouring of hatred that took place in Charlottesville.

Many among the protesters in Charlottesville wore symbols and shouted out words associated with the Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups, including swastikas and the robes and hoods of the Klan. Seeing all of those objects of hatred, especially men in the garb of the Ku Klux Klan, took me back to that day when I, a 20-year-old graduate student, had come to my home town of Jacksonville, Florida, with another graduate student who was my fiancé…. a White American man. A telephone call was made to our home with this threat: “If that nigger-lover white man doesn’t get out of town there could be a cross burning or something worse at your house.”

The shouts, signs, and symbols of White supremacy in Charlottesville conjured up the terror about lynchings that I experienced as a youngster living in Jacksonville, Florida. Even though I had never had to witness one, I knew that lynchings took place; and I was taught the basic rules of what I must never do or say that could put me in the way of such brutal harm. A recent study by the Equal Justice Institute indicates that there were 3,959 racial terror lynching in America between 1877 and 1950. Charlottesville had 90 confirmed lynchings in that period; and Florida, the state that I was born in and where I was living in 1950, had lynched more Black people per capita than any other state.

I shuddered when I saw and heard men in Charlottesville shouting “Jews will not replace us,” for I know that such horrific sentiments, spoken in different words and in different languages, were spewed out during the Holocaust. It is such words that have an indelible association with the genocide in which 6 million European Jews were killed because of the ideology and actions of Adolf Hitler and those who followed him.

During the Jim Crow era in which I grew up, I saw signs that said, “No niggers, Jews or dogs allowed.” Over the years as my consciousness expanded, I became aware that there were signs in Texas that said, “No Mexicans or dogs allowed”; and in some parts of the U.S. there were signs that targeted Asians in what were known as Sundown Towns.

On that tragic day in Charlottesville, in addition to shouts of you will not replace us and Jews will not replace us, there were shouts of F — k you faggots; commie scum, and White lives matter. All of which reflect how White supremacists manage to spew out and act on their hatred for any and all people who are outside of their definition of “the superior White race.”

While I grew up in those wretched days of legal segregation and ubiquitous racism, I also grew up in a family and a community that taught me that no matter my fear of being harmed by racist acts, I had a responsibility to push through my fear and to do whatever I could to act against injustices. A sense of that responsibility has stuck with me, and leads me in the wake of Charlottesville to pose this question: What can and must we do? Doing nothing is not an option, for as Audre Lorde reminded us: “Your silence will not protect you.”

Here are five actions that we can and must take.

1) WE MUST ENGAGE IN RESISTANCE AGAINST INTOLERANCE, BIGOTRY, AND HATRED IN ALL FORMS. How critical such a posture is as we deal with the realities of these troubling times. Resistance can take multiple forms, from having courageous conversations with a colleague, family member, or stranger overheard using racist language, to participating in one of the many demonstrations and protests taking place all over our country against bigotry and hatred and in support of all instances of human rights. As I think about our responsibility to resist domination and oppression, I am reminded of the critical point that bell hooks made when she said:

It is important to remember as we think critically about domination, that we all have the capacity to act in ways that oppress, dominate, wound (whether or not that power is institutionalized). It is necessary to remember that it is first the potential oppressor within that we must resist — the potential victim within that we must rescue — otherwise we cannot hope for an end to domination, for liberation.

2) WE CAN AND MUST REMAIN CONNECTED TO OUR FUNDAMENTAL VALUES SUCH AS RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIVERSITY AND THE NEED TO CREATE AND SUSTAIN INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENTS. Those of us who are associated with or work for organizations that have made their diversity and inclusion values public and even published them have an additional responsibility — to call on the leaders of those organizations to reaffirm those values. As Mahatma Gandhi said:

Your beliefs become your thoughts

Your thoughts become your words

Your words become your actions

Your actions become your habits

Your habits become your values

Your values become your destiny.

3) WE CAN AND MUST TAKE CONCRETE ACTION. The most obvious one is to call on our elected officials to stand up and to speak out against hatred and bigotry in any and all forms. As difficult as it may be to reach out to and to lobby elected officials who we know do not share our values, we have a responsibility to do so. Let us follow the example of Bernice Jagger who has said, “ I don’t believe in lobbying only progressive and liberal members of congress. I don’t believe in doing interviews only with those who share my views. I want to reach a wider audience.”

4) WE CAN AND MUST READ! Reading is a powerful means to learn about the lives of people who are different from oneself. As the late senator S.I. Hayakawa said, “It is not true that we have only one life to live. If we can read, we can live as many more lives and as many kinds of lives as we wish.” When we read the stories of others, we can also discover the multiple ways in which, in addition to the lines that divide us, there are ties that bind us. As C.S. Lewis reminds us, “We read to know we are not alone.”

5) LASTLY, BUT EVER SO IMPORTANTLY, WE MUST NEVER SUCCUMB TO HOPELESSNESS. We dare not give into White supremacy, racism, Anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, classism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and ableism. As Helen Keller has said, “Optimism is the fate that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence.”

In these days, months, and years that follow what took place in Charlottesville, as we continue the many faceted struggles for social justice, let us remember these words of Caesar Chavez: “Perhaps we can bring the day when children will learn from their earliest days that being fully man and fully woman means to give one’s life to the liberation of the brother (and the sister) who suffers.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about how to oppose racism observed in Charlottesville?

answer: Throughout the passage, the author urges readers to take any actions they can in support of human rights even when it seems hopeless to them. The most important action everyone should take is to read. Reading books about the experiences of people who are different from the reader helps them understand and respect the humanity of other people.

text: In addition to taking action and reading, the author suggests actively engaging in resistance against all forms of intolerance, staying connected to fundamental values and never succumb to hopelessness.

refinement: Throughout the passage, the author urges readers to take concrete actions they can in support of human rights even when it seems hopeless to them. The most important action everyone should take is to read. Reading books about the experiences of people who are different from the reader helps them understand and respect the humanity of other people. The author also suggests actively engaging in resistance against all forms of intolerance, staying connected to fundamental values and never succumbing to hopelessness.

answer: The article makes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. It might be expressed in having courageous conversations and helping in protests and demonstrations. Individuals can also call on their elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient.

text: In addition in engaging in resistance, the article also recommends staying connected your fundamental values, taking concrete action, reading about the experiences of other people and never succumbing to hopelessness. Include these ways to oppose racism in the response as well.

refinement: The article makes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. They should stay connected to their fundamental values, take concrete action, read about the experiences of other people. It might be expressed in having courageous conversations and helping in protests and demonstrations. Individuals can also call on their elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient and never lose hope.

text: Remove the sentences expounding on the ways to give resistance to intolerance, it is only applicable at a high level to the question.

refinement: The article makes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. They should stay connected to their fundamental values, take concrete action, read about the experiences of other people. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient and never lose hope.

answer: Throughout the passage, the author urges readers to take any actions they can in support of human rights even when it seems hopeless to them. The most important action everyone should take is to read. Reading books about the experiences of people who are different from the reader helps them understand and respect the humanity of other people. Additionally, the author says that people should never allow themselves to succumb to hopelessness because accomplished things never happen without hope and without leveraging one's energy to fight for better.

text: In addition to the ways already mentioned in the response, the article also suggests putting up active resistance in any form against intolerance as well as remaining connected to fundamental values such as respect for human diversity and the need to create and sustain inclusive environments. Include these points in the response as well.

refinement: Throughout the passage, the author urges readers to take any actions they can in support of human rights even when it seems hopeless to them. The most important action everyone should take is to read. Reading books about the experiences of people who are different from the reader helps them understand and respect the humanity of other people. Additionally, the author says that people should never allow themselves to succumb to hopelessness because accomplished things never happen without hope and without leveraging one's energy to fight for better. Finally, the article suggests putting up active resistance in any form against intolerance as well as remaining connected to fundamental values such as respect for human diversity and the need to create and sustain inclusive environments.

answer: The author of the article says we must engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. We can do this by having courageous conversations with colleagues, family members, or strangers overheard using racist language. The author also suggests participating in one of the many demonstrations and protests taking place all over the country against bigotry and hatred. The author says we can also call on our elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred and bigotry in any and all forms. The author also says we can read to learn about the lives of people who are different from ourselves.

text: Remove the information elaborating on the ways in which resistance can be given. It is not necessary to go into such detail for this question.

refinement: The author of the article says we must engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. The author also says we can read to learn about the lives of people who are different from ourselves.

text: The author also recommends remaining connected to your fundamental values including respect for human diversity, taking concrete action against injustice and never succumbing to hopelessness. Include these ways to oppose racism in the response as well.

refinement: The author of the article says we must engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. The author also says we can read to learn about the lives of people who are different from ourselves as well as remaining connected to your fundamental values including respect for human diversity, taking concrete action against injustice and never succumbing to hopelessness.

answer: The author says that we must engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. The author also says that we must take concrete action, such as calling on elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred and bigotry. We can also remain connected to our fundamental values such as respect for human diversity and the need to create and sustain inclusive environments.

text: The author also suggests that we read about the lives of people who are different from ourselves and never to give up the fight against racism. Include these ways to oppose racism in the response.

refinement: The author says that we must engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. The author also says that we must take concrete action, such as calling on elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred and bigotry. We can also remain connected to our fundamental values such as respect for human diversity and the need to create and sustain inclusive environments. The author also suggests that we read about the lives of people who are different from ourselves and never to give up the fight against racism.

answer: The article describes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. It might be expressed in having courageous conversations and helping in protests and demonstrations. Individuals can also call on their elected officials to stand up and speak out against hatred. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient.

text: Remove the information that speaks about the different types of resistance that can be given. It is enough to note that resistance must be actively given.

refinement: The article describes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient.

text: The article also suggests that the readers should stay connected to their fundamental values, take concrete action and read widely about others' experiences. Include these ways in the response as well.

refinement: The article describes several suggestions for what readers should do. They should engage in resistance against intolerance, bigotry, and hatred in all forms. The article also suggests that the readers should stay connected to their fundamental values, take concrete action and read widely about others' experiences. Finally, the article posits that, while all these things are necessary and powerful in their own ways, it is critical to remain resilient.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the scary parts of what the author saw in Charlottesville?

answer: Watching the rally and seeing most of the people chanting as well as the parallels to Jews and Nazis. Also, the hate that their identity inspires.

text: The people in the rally were chanting horrific, anti-Semitic sentiments that were spoken in another language during the Holocaust. Change the wording in the response to reflect what was said that parallels the Nazis.

refinement: Watching the rally and seeing most of the people chanting horrific anti-Semitic sentiments that were spoken in another language during the Holocaust. Also, the hate that their identity inspires.

text: The brutal outpouring of hatred and displays of white supremacy also left the author feeling cold. Change the final sentence of the response to set forth the hate of the protesters.

refinement: Watching the rally and seeing most of the people chanting horrific anti-Semitic sentiments that were spoken in another language during the Holocaust. Also, the brutal outpouring of hatred and displays of white supremacy.

answer: White supremacists held up signs and shouted slogans that targeted Jews and Blacks.

text: The anti-Semitic slogans paralleled that spewed during the Holocaust. This brutal outpouring of hatred made the author shudder. Include this in the response as well.

refinement: White supremacists held up signs and shouted slogans that targeted Jews and Blacks. The anti-Semitic slogans paralleled those spewed during the Holocaust. This brutal outpouring of hatred made the author shudder.

answer: The Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups. The author was terrified of the KKK because they had threatened her family when she was a child.

text: The displays of White supremacy reminded the author of the terror of extrajudicial killings in Jacksonville during the days of her youth. as well as her white fiancè being threatened when he came to visit. Change the response to reflect this by combining the two sentences.

refinement: The Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups reminded the author of the terror of extrajudicial killings and threats against her fiancè when she was a child.

text: The author was scared because the same anti-Semitic chants used in the Charlottesville were used during the Holocaust. Include this information in the response as well.

refinement: The Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups reminded the author of the terror of extrajudicial killings and threats against her fiancè when she was a child.The author was scared because the same anti-Semitic chants used in the Charlottesville were used during the Holocaust.

answer: Yes

text: Remove the current response, it is not applicable to the question.

text: The author mentions the brutal outpouring of hatred from White supremacy groups in Charlottesville and mentions, rightly, that the anti-Semitic sentiments heard during the rally were heard during the Holocaust as well. Include these scary parts in the response.

refinement: The author speaks about the brutal outpouring of hatred from White supremacy groups in Charlottesville and mentions, rightly, that the anti-Semitic sentiments heard during the rally were heard during the Holocaust.

answer: The Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups.

text: The anti-Semitic sentiments and other displays of White supremacy frightened the author because of her personal exposure to it in her youth and its use during the Holocaust. Show in the response what the White supremacy groups did to frighten the author.

refinement: The Ku Klux Klan, Nazis, and other White supremacist groups used anti-Semitic chants and other displays. This frightened the author because of her personal exposure to it in her youth as well as its use during the Holocaust.

answer: The author saying such hateful people are there. It scares her because of her skin color and her heritage.

text: The outpouring of hate scared the author. Change the response to the quality of the people present at the rally.

refinement: The brutal outpouring of hate scared the author. It scares her because of her skin color and her heritage.

text: The author experienced threats against her fiancé and also sees the anti-Semitic threats used as reminiscent of the Holocaust. Change the final sentence of the response because the author is presumably Black, but not Jewish.

refinement: The brutal outpouring of hate scared the author. It scares her because her family received threats against her fiancé and the anti-Semitic chants were also used during the Holocaust.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about race baiters?

answer: No answer

answer: The text does not mention race baiters.

answer: The text does not explicitly speak to the idea of race baiters, but it does say that we must never succumb to hopelessness.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer