text:
This week, _Moyers & Company_ reports on the most influential corporate-funded political force most of America has never heard of — ALEC, the American Legislative Exchange Council. A national consortium of state politicians and powerful corporations, ALEC presents itself as a “nonpartisan public-private partnership”. But behind that mantra lies a vast network of corporate lobbying and political action aimed to increase corporate profits at public expense without public knowledge.

“All of us here are very familiar with ALEC and the influence that ALEC has with many of the [legislative] members,” says Arizona State Senator Steve Farley. “Corporations have the right to present their arguments, but they don’t have the right to do it secretly.”

[]

Click the map to let us know if your state legislator is an ALEC member.

In state houses around the country, hundreds of pieces of boilerplate ALEC legislation are proposed or enacted that would, among other things, dilute collective bargaining rights, make it harder for some Americans to vote, and limit corporate liability for harm caused to consumers — each accomplished without the public ever knowing who’s behind it. Using interviews, documents, and field reporting, the episode explores ALEC’s self-serving machine at work, acting in a way one Wisconsin politician describes as “a corporate dating service for lonely legislators and corporate special interests.”

Updated coverage includes new examples of corporate influence on state legislation and lawmakers, the growing public protest against ALEC’s big business-serving agenda, and internal tactics ALEC is instituting to further shroud its actions and intentions.

Executive Producer Tom Casciato says people who saw the first report “might be surprised to learn that, despite more than 40 companies having dropped out of ALEC, the organization is still going very strong… ALEC doesn’t publish a list of its members, so covering will always be hard.”

Casciato adds:

  “In a democracy it’s a good idea for people to know where their laws originate. If your local legislator introduces a bill as his or her own, and it turns out the bill actually came from a national organization in which corporations have already voted as to whether or not they approve of it, and it also turns out that those corporations stand to profit by its passage, you ought to know that. It’ll never stop being important for journalists to cover the lawmaking process as it’s practiced not only in broad daylight but also behind closed doors.”

Watch the full show.

  _“United States of ALEC” is a collaboration between Okapi Productions LLC (filmmakers Tom Casciato and Kathleen Hughes) and the Schumann Media Center, headed by Bill Moyers, which supports independent journalism and public watchdogs including the Center for Media and Democracy, and Common Cause, whose investigators are featured in the report._

question: What is the purpose of the article?

answer: To pique interest learning about ALEC, the American Legislative Exchange Council, to promote the film "United States of ALEC."

text: "United States of ALEC" is not a film.

refinement: To pique interest learning about ALEC, the American Legislative Exchange Council, to promote the show "United States of ALEC."

answer: The article is meant to uncover some of the ways in which billionaire corporations are influencing state legislatures, often without public knowledge, according to the report.

answer: The article aims to shed light on the questionable actions of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), which is a consortium of state politicians and powerful corporations. The article exposes why this organization is a concern as they are said to be enacting legislation without public knowledge.

question: Why is covering ALEC particularly difficult?

answer: Because they do not publish a list of their members.

answer: ALEC doesn't publish a list of its members.

answer: ALEC does not publish a list of its members. In a way that makes it is possible to hide their affiliations with ALEC corporations.

question: What is ALEC's most influential tool?

answer: One of ALEC's most influential tools is their ability to introduce boilerplate legislation in state houses throughout the U.S. without the public knowing who is behind it.

answer: ALEC's most influential tool is its legislative model bills, or legislation that is propagated across different states with little public knowledge of who is behind it. The content of these bills largely favors powerful corporate interests.

answer: Relationships with lawmakers such that they write legislation and the lawmakers present it as their own.

text: There is no evidence that lawmakers present it in their own way.

refinement: ALEC's most influential tool is their legislative model bills.

question: What effects do ALEC legislation have?

answer: Examples of measures include limiting union bargaining rights, voter rights, and corporate liability for harm caused.

text: ALEC's effects are the exact opposite of the answer.

refinement: Examples of measures among other things include diluting collective bargaining rights, making it harder for people to vote, and limit the corporate liability for harm caused to consumers.

answer: ALEC legislation would limit corporate liability for harm caused to consumers, dilute collective bargaining rights, make it harder for some Americans to vote, and make it more difficult to detect if companies are lobbying for their own interests.

answer: Among other things, dilution of collective bargaining rights, making it harder for Americans to vote, limit corporate liability, etc.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: This article breaks down the Koch Brothers funded organization, ALEC and explores the recent developments, such as the things that they do to further hide their actions, as well as the growing protests against them. Accompanying the article are interactive elements that make it easier for people to search what their legislatures have been involved with in the past. It presses for journalists to continue to investigate and put pressure on ALEC, because without pressure it will be easy for ALEC and their corporate members to participate heavily in elections.

text: There is no mention of the Koch Brothers in the passage.

refinement: This article is about ALEC and explores the recent developments, such as the things that they do to further hide their actions, as well as the growing protests against them. Accompanying the article are interactive elements that make it easier for people to search what their legislatures have been involved with in the past. It presses for journalists to continue to investigate and put pressure on ALEC, because without pressure it will be easy for ALEC and their corporate members to participate heavily in elections.

text: "Watch the full show." is evidence that there is an interactive element.

answer: Moyers and Company released a documentary about ALEC, which stands for American Legislative Exchange Council. This organization aims to increase corporate profit at public expense without public knowledge and more about it is being told. More than 40 companies said that they have dropped out of ALEC.

answer: A show is reporting on the American Legislative Exchange Council. They say the council has the ability to influence lawmakers and says it is nonpartisan, but has partnerships with power corporations and takes no accountability. Advocates believe corporations shouldn't have the right to ignore the public in order to profit and that people should know where their laws come from.

answer: ALEC, the American Legislative Exchange Council, is an organization of member companies that leverages influence on legislative members to increase corporate profits at public expense and without public knowledge. "United States of ALEC" is a film collaboration between Okapi Productions and the Schumann Media Center supporting independent journalism and public watchdogs. It delves into the issue more deeply.

answer: The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) has been profiling in the news recently because they are injecting corporate legislation into state houses all across the US. State politicians, corporations, and organizations are collaborating to vote on issues and watch out for their own best interests. At the time of the article's release, American corporations had dropped out of ALEC because of negative public outcry but are still holding strong.

answer:
It is not uncommon for big business interests to have a hand in shaping legislation in the US. Numerous legislators have hidden agendas that favor big business over the public, but it is uncommon that they do so without publicity.

The American Legislative Equality Council's primary mission is to coordinate efforts across 50 states to increase corporate profit while hiding from public scrutiny until recently when some watchdogs began exposing them.


split: train

text: The boy walked slowly,alone, one mile then two. After awhile he noticed someone was behind him, however they did not speak and continued together. Soon more and more began to follow the boy. They walked in unison a common path towards an unknown end. The boy led them through the treacherous path and through the easy. Some left him but most stayed on the common path to an unknown end. His path was wide that led through many routes with only one exit. Many passed on searching for the unknown end to the common path. However, the boy continued on. As time passed the followers began to forget why they followed and began to search for an exit from the common path to an unknown end. The followers were lost, now many exits existed that led back to the common path to an unknown end. The true exit was hidden masked by the boy. He loved his followers and he loved the path he had created. There is no exit from the common path to your unknown end. So lets take a trip just follow me.

title: Common path little story nbd

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is the boy walking to?

answer: Walking towards an unknown end.

answer: The boy is walking towards an unknown end.

answer: Information not found. He is walking along a path to an unknown end.

text: "Information not found." - delete this section because it contradicts the already correct second part.

refinement: He is walking along a path to an unknown end.

answer: The boy is walking on a common path to an unknown end.

answer: The boy is also unaware of the endpoint where he is walking to. He is walking down the path to an unknown end with the unknown being the destination.

text: "The boy is also unaware of the endpoint where he is walking to." - the boy knows: "The true exit was hidden masked by the boy."

refinement: He is walking down the path to an unknown end with the unknown being the destination.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How old is the boy?

answer: The boy is likely young, likely younger than 18 years old.

text: "The boy is likely young, likely younger than 18 years old." - the boy's age was never mentioned in the passage. Change answer to "That information can't be found."

answer: His age is unknown

answer: The boy is likely younger than 18.

text: "The boy is likely younger than 18." - the boy's age was never mentioned in the passage. Change answer to "That information can't be found."

answer: The boy is not explicitly ageated but it is implied he isn't a child and probably not a teenager.

text: "ageated" - is not a word. Rewrite the sentence "The boy is not explicitly ageated"

refinement: The boy's age is not explicitly mentioned, but it is implied he isn't a child and probably not a teenager.

text: "but it is implied he isn't a child and probably not a teenager." - this part was never implied anywhere in the passage and should be deleted.

refinement: The boy's age is not explicitly mentioned, but it is implied he isn't a child and probably not a teenager.

answer: That information cannot be found

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is following the boy?

answer:
Many people with the same path had chosen to follow the boy.

What is the path likePreceding through rivers and past dangers, many people left the path but most people never left it.

text: "What is the path likePreceding through rivers and past dangers, many people left the path but most people never left it." - makes little sense and is irrelevant to the question. Must be deleted.

refinement: Many people with the same path had chosen to follow the boy.

text: Add that the boy and the followers did not know each other.

refinement: Many people with the same path had chosen to follow the boy, but they do not know each other.

answer: People are following the boy. They walk together down a common path towards an unknown end.

text: "People are following the boy" - mention that the boy doesn't know who these people are.

refinement: People are following the boy, but he doesn't know who they are. They walk together down a common path towards an unknown end.

answer: The followers are those who are following the boy.

answer: Unknown followers followed the boy

answer: When the boy first notices someone following him, he wonders who is following him, and who is leading the group; but after some time, many follow him, and he comes to know that they are following him.

text: "When the boy first notices someone following him, he wonders who is following him, and who is leading the group; but after some time, many follow him, and he comes to know that they are following him." - doesn't really answer the question of who is following the boy.

refinement: Unknown followers are following the boy.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was the boy being followed?

answer: The followers began to forget why they followed.

text: "The followers began to forget why they followed." - while the followers did forget, they initially followed the boy because other people were already following him and a common path was created.

refinement: The boy was being followed because crowds of people were already following the boy along the common path and others assumed the group had a common goal and the knowledge to reach wherever the end was.

answer: The boy is being followed because he is leading a group of people on a common path to an unknown end.

answer: The boy was being followed because he created and led a common path to an unknown end. The followers searched for closure and answers, but were ultimately lost without the boy.

text: "The followers searched for closure and answers, but were ultimately lost without the boy." - this part is irrelevant and can be deleted.

refinement: The boy was being followed because he created and led a common path to an unknown end.

answer: It is not stated.

text: "It is not stated." - although not stated explicitly, the answer is in the passage. Rewrite the answer.

refinement: The boy was being followed because crowds of people were already following the boy along the common path and others assumed the group had a common goal and the knowledge to reach wherever the end was.

answer: We do not know.

text: "We do not know." - although not stated explicitly, the answer is in the passage. Rewrite the answer.

refinement: The boy was being followed because crowds of people were already following the boy along the common path and others assumed the group had a common goal and the knowledge to reach wherever the end was.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A boy builds a labyrinth for himself and the people who follow him.

text: "A boy builds a labyrinth" - there is no evidence that the boy built a labyrinth.

refinement: A boy creates a common path to an unknown end and people start following him, not knowing there is no exit.

answer: The boy led a group of followers on a path to an unknown end. The followers gradually lost their memory and became lost, but the boy stayed on the path and loved his followers. There is no exit from the common path.

text: Went over the 1-sentence summary requirement. Delete the last two sentences.

refinement: The boy led a group of followers on a path to an unknown end with no exit.

answer: The boy discovers a group following him on a lonely path. More and more follow him, but begin to forget why they are on the path. The boy loves his followers and the common path they are on to an unknown end. There is no exit.

text: Went over the 1-sentence summary requirement. Revise the entire summary.

refinement: The boy discovers a group following him on a common path with an unknown end, but there is no exit.

answer: The boy walks down a path for a couple miles towards an unknown end and is followed by unknown followers.

text: "couple miles" - add "of"

refinement: The boy walks down a path for a couple of miles towards an unknown end and is followed by unknown followers.

answer: The boy leads his followers into a trapped path.

text: "trapped path" - switch to "common path to an unknown end"

refinement: The boy leads his followers into a common path to an unknown end.


text:
[Sofia Magarill] SOFIYA Zinovevna MAGARILL (Russian - Со́фья Зино́вьевна Магари́лл; (5 April 1900 – 15 October 1943, Alma-Ata) was a Soviet film actress.

Life

In 1925 she graduated from the A. Morozov theatre studio, after studying in FEKS workshops led by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg - she had married Kozintsev in 1923 and remained his wife until her death. Her first film was in 1924 and she also trained under Boris Sohn at the Lenfilm acting school between 1933 and 1936. She worked at the Leningrad New Theatre and from 1941 in Alma-Ata. She died of typhoid fever during the evacuation of Alma-Ata, which she had caught whilst nursing Sergei Yermolinsky.

Filmography

-   The Club of the Big Deed (1927)
-   Kastus Kalinovskiy (1928)
-   The New Babylon (1929)
-   Cities and Years (1930)
-   Lieutenant Kijé (1934)
-   Masquerade (1941)
-   The Murderers are Coming (1942)

title: Sofiya Magarill

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was Sofiya Zinovevna born?

answer: Sofiya Magarill was born on April 5, 1900.

answer: She was born on April 5, 1900.

answer: April 5, 1900

answer: April 5, 1900.

answer: Sofiya Magarill was born on April 5, 1900.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did Zinovevna die of?

answer: Typhoid fever.

answer: Typhoid fever.

answer: Sofiya Magarill died of typhoid fever.

answer: Sofiya Magarill died of typhoid fever.

answer: She died of typhoid fever.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where did Zinovevna study?

answer: The A. Morozov theatre studio, the FEKS workshops led by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg, and the Leningrad New Theatre.

answer: She studied at the A. Morozov theatre studio, specifically doing the FEKS workshops led by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg.

answer: FEKS workshops led by Sergei Kobylinsky, Sergei Yermolinsky, and Boris Sohn

answer: She studied at the A. Morozov theatre studio at FEKS workshops led by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg.

answer: She studied at the A. Morozov theatre studio after studying in FEKS workshops led by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who did Zinovevna marry?

answer: Sofia Magarill married fellow actor Grigori Kozintsev.

answer: Kozintsev

text: This should have his full name.

answer: Sofiya Magarill married Grigori Kozinte in 1923.

answer: She married Grigori Kozintsev.

answer: She married Grigori Kozintsev.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Sofiya Magarill was a Russian film actress active in the 1920s and 1940s. She died of typhoid fever during the evacuation of Alma-Ata in 1943. She starred in several films, including Lieutenant Kijé and The Murderers are Coming.

text: This is two whole sentences too long.

refinement: Sofiya Magarill was a Russian film actress active in the 1920s and 1940s who starred in several films, including Lieutenant Kijé and The Murderers are Coming.

answer: This article is about the life and filmography of Sofia Zinovevna Magarill, who was an actress in the Soviet era.

answer: Sofia Magarill was a Soviet film actress whose notable works include Lieutenant Kijé and The Murderers are Coming. She died of typhoid fever during the evacuation of Alma-Ata.

answer: This article gives a brief description of the life of Sofiya Zinovevna, a Soviet film actress.

answer: This article is about Sofiya Mazarill, an actress from the Soviet Union who acted in eight films between 1926 and 1942.


text:
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[]
SPACE SCIENCE

Purdue Calumet Professor To Forge Sword From Meteorite
[]
This iron meteorite was found at Derrick Peak, Antarctica and displays the classic regmaglypts and fusion crust of iron meteorites.

by Wes Lukoshus
 Hammond - March 27, 2001
 Slaying dragons by sword may be the stuff of Dark Ages folklore. But in 21st century America, a Purdue University Calumet engineering professor is doing his part to take the art of "dragon slaying" to a new level.
Sometime this spring, Harvey Abramowitz of Chicago, a metallurgist and associate professor of mechanical engineering, intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer."

Working with colleagues from Northwestern University, Abramowitz' role is to refine iron from a meteorite in a Purdue Calumet metallurgy laboratory for "The Dragonslayer" blade.

"It will be made out of a new metal alloy that will be stronger than any other sword blade," Abramowitz, a New York City native, said about the one-of-a-kind sword. "The idea is to create "The Dragonslayer" in such a way that it is stronger than either a Samurai sword or a Damascus sword - and give it dragon-slaying mythical properties."

Extracting iron from a meteorite to create the blade is intended to enhance the mystical dimension of the sword - thereby increasing the sword's appeal among collectors, said Abramowitz. The plan is to create just one Dragonslayer and auction it off.

"Sword collectors would pay handsomely for such an artifact," said Abramowitz, a 14-year faculty member, who came to Purdue Calumet after having served as a research engineer at Inland Steel.

Beyond the sword's mythical nature, the project has scholarly significance.

"The team that I worked with was able to demonstrate, using a tensile testing machine, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword," Abramowitz said. "Finite element analysis computer modeling of the new alloy blade, done as a senior design project, had predicted this. So (our) team validated the model."

Abramowitz became involved in the project when he spent a sabbatical leave last spring working with Northwestern colleague Greg Olson, who also is chief science officer of QuesTek Innovations, a company actively involved in the computer design and marketing of new alloys.

Abramowitz, whose specialty research fields include materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy, said he became interested in working with Olson. "I read an article in a metallurgical journal about him and thought I would like to work with Greg on some of his projects," he said.

As part of a Steel Research Group headed by Olson, Abramowitz did just that. Among other projects in which he participated were:

-   production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires are imbedded in tin alloys. If the system is placed in tension, eventually the tin alloy will crack. By heating the material, the shape memory alloy filaments, which also had been stretched, return to their original positions, effectively closing the crack. To fully heal the material, it is heated enough so that liquid beads of tin form around the crack. Upon cooling, the tin structure is void of all previously formed cracks;
-   completion of a prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case; and<
-   design of collapsible roller blades.

Abramowitz teaches courses in materials engineering, engineering design and environmental engineering. He also is an industrial consultant.

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SPACE SCIENCE

Canadian Meteorites May Be Oldest Ever Found
 [] Calgary - Oct. 16, 2000
 Researchers at The University of Western Ontario (Western) and the University of Calgary (U of C) -- working with colleagues from Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom -- have found that a meteorite recovered in northern British Columbia may be one of the most primitive solar system materials ever examined.
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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Abramowitz's contribution to the creation of the strongest broadsword ever made?

answer: Abramowitz is one of the main collaborators in making a sword tougher than the typical samurai and Damascus swords. However, he is more qualified than his Northwestern collaborator, his research being focused on materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy.

text: The response mentions made up details not referenced in the text.

refinement: Abramowitz is one of the main collaborators in making a sword tougher than the typical samurai and Damascus swords. His research being focused on materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy.

answer: Abramowitz is quite ambitious. Together with his colleagues from Northwestern University, he works on refining an iron from a meteorite for the Dragonslayer blade of the sword, so that it would be stronger than any other sword blade. Abramowitz worked with Greg Olson, who, in turn, instructed the group to validate their modeling. He, along with his fellow scientists and engineers, was able to demonstrate, using a ten-sile testing machine, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword. With this still, Abramowitz has proved that the technology exists, and now, an auction will take place so that blade's ability can be fully appreciated.

text: The response includes extraneous information not evidence in the text.

refinement: Abramowitz is quite ambitious. Together with his colleagues from Northwestern University, he works on refining an iron from a meteorite for the Dragonslayer blade of the sword, so that it would be stronger than any other sword blade. He, along with his fellow scientists and engineers, was able to demonstrate, using a ten-sile testing machine, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword.

answer: Harvey Abramowitz's role with the Dragonslayer project is to provide the strongest alloy for the blade. His role is to refine iron extracted from a meteorite. He is working with a team of Northwestern University engineers. The team tested the new alloy and believe it will be the strongest of any sword.

answer: Abramowitz is working alongside professors from Northwestern University to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made. The new metal alloy that will be used to create the blade will be stronger than any other sword blade.

answer: Abramowitz is quite ambitious. Together with his colleagues from Northwestern University, he works on refining an iron from a meteorite for the Dragonslayer blade of the sword, so that it would be stronger than any other sword blade. Abramowitz worked with Greg Olson, who, in turn, instructed the group to validate their modeling. He, along with his fellow scientists and engineers, was able to demonstrate, using a tensile testing machine, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword. With this still, Abramowitz has proved that the technology exists, and now, an auction will take place so that blade's ability can be fully appreciated.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how Abramowitz brought the blade to life?

answer: Abramowitz brings the one-of-a-kind sword "The Dragonslayer" to life by extracting the iron from a meteorite.

answer: Abramowitz extracts the iron from a meteorite to bring "The Dragonslayer" one of a kind sword to life.

answer: No answer

text: The response misses to answer the instruction in the task.

refinement: Abramowitz, along with a team of colleagues from Northwestern University, is refining iron from a meteorite to bring the "Dragonslayer" blade to life.

answer: The text mentions how Abramowitz was interested in working with Greg Olson after reading an article about his work. It mentions that Abramowitz is an industrial consultant for a steel research group, helping to split thin memory shape alloy wires into thin wires to make an alloy composite that is self-healing. Most importantly, Abramowitz worked in a group that was able to demonstrate, through computer modeling and testing, that the new alloy could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword.

text: The response misses to mention that the new alloy is extracted from a meteorite.

refinement: The text mentions how Abramowitz was interested in working with Greg Olson after reading an article about his work. It mentions that Abramowitz is an industrial consultant for a steel research group, helping to split thin memory shape alloy wires into thin wires to make an alloy composite that is self-healing. Most importantly, Abramowitz worked in a group that was able to demonstrate, through computer modeling and testing, that the new alloy that is extracted from a meteorite could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword.

text: The response mention details of other projects that are not useful for the task.

refinement: The text mentions how Abramowitz was interested in working with Greg Olson after reading an article about his work. Most importantly, Abramowitz worked in a group that was able to demonstrate, through computer modeling and testing, that the new alloy that is extracted from a meteorite could cut through a hunting knife equivalent to a Samurai sword.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Abramowitz's other projects?

answer: He was involved in the production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were imbedded in tin alloys, designing collapsible roller blades, and spending a year in an alloy project. He was also an industrial and a doctoral consultant.

text: The response mentions details that are not evidenced in the text.

refinement: He was involved in the production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were imbedded in tin alloys, designing collapsible roller blades, and spending a sabbatical in an alloy project. He is also an industrial consultant.

answer: His other research fields are materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy. In 2000, Abramowitz studied a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were found in tin alloys. In 2008, he did a complete redesign for a rolling catalog case. He also designed collapsible roller blades.

text: The response inaccurately mentions the years Abramowitz was involved in the other projects. The text does not reference the years.

refinement: His other research fields are materials engineering and extractive/chemical metallurgy. Abramowitz studied a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were found in tin alloys. He did a complete redesign for a rolling catalog case. He also designed collapsible roller blades.

answer: One of his projects is about producing a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires are imbedded in tin alloys. If the system is placed in tension, eventually the tin alloy will crack. By heating the material, the shape memory alloy filaments, which also had been stretched, return to their original positions, effectively closing the crack. To fully heal the material, it is heated enough so that liquid beads of tin form. However, upon cooling, the tin structure is void of all previously formed cracks.

text: The response only mentions one of Abramowitz' other projects.

refinement:
One of his projects is about producing a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires are imbedded in tin alloys. If the system is placed in tension, eventually the tin alloy will crack. By heating the material, the shape memory alloy filaments, which also had been stretched, return to their original positions, effectively closing the crack. To fully heal the material, it is heated enough so that liquid beads of tin form. However, upon cooling, the tin structure is void of all previously formed cracks.
His other projects include the prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case and the design of collapsible roller blades.

answer: He was involved in the production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were imbedded in tin alloys. He also experimented with a prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case, as well as filling in as a doctoral consultant and an industrial consultant.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that Abramowitz also filled in as a doctoral consultant.

refinement: He was involved in the production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were imbedded in tin alloys. He also experimented with a prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case, as well as an industrial consultant.

text: The response mentions Abramowitz as an industrial consultant, however it was his profession and not one of the projects.

refinement: He was involved in the production of a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires were imbedded in tin alloys. He also experimented with a prototype for the redesign of a rolling catalog case.

answer: Among his other projects is one about producing a self-healing alloy composite in which thin memory shape alloy wires are imbedded in tin alloys. If the system is placed in tension, eventually the tin alloy will crack. By heating the material, shape memory alloy filaments, which also had been stretched, return to their original positions, effectively closing the crack. To fully heal the material, it is heated enough so that liquid beads of tin form. However, upon cooling, the tin structure is void of all previously formed cracks.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the dragonslayer sword?

answer: Harvey Abramowitz of Purdue University Calumet intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer."

text: The response misses to mention that the sword will be made of iron.

refinement: Harvey Abramowitz of Purdue University Calumet intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer." It will be made by extracting iron from a meteorite.

answer: Harvey Abramowitz of Chicago intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of a dragonslayer sword - "The Dragonslayer." The sword will be made from this new metal alloy, stronger than a sword made out of iron. It's stronger than a Samosa sword, a Damascus sword, and is intended to enhance the sword's mystique, hoping to increase its appeal to collectors.

answer: Harvey Abramowitz, the Purdue Calumet professor, says that the sword could be the strongest and toughest ever. He's creating it by extracting metals from meteorites. He says it's intended to boost the mystical dimension of the sword and increase its appeal as a collector's item. The sword's strength is also expected to turn heads. The final blade will be auctioned for astronomical prices.

text: The response includes details that are not evidenced in the text. Even though sword collectors would pay handsomely for such an artifact, it is not clear how much it will be auctioned for.

refinement: Harvey Abramowitz, the Purdue Calumet professor, says that the sword could be the strongest and toughest ever. He's creating it by extracting metals from meteorites. He says it's intended to boost the mystical dimension of the sword and increase its appeal as a collector's item. The final blade will be auctioned.

answer: Harvey Abramowitz of Purdue University Calumet intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer." Metals from a meteorite will be melted and combined to create this broadsword.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that metals from a meteorite will be melted, however the text mentions the iron will be extracted.

refinement: Harvey Abramowitz of Purdue University Calumet intends to draw from the world of outer space to contribute to the creation of the strongest, toughest broadsword ever made: "The Dragonslayer." Metals from a meteorite will be extracted to create this broadsword.


text:
_MAGYAR SZÓTÁR_ (A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language) is a Hungarian language reference work in two volumes, by Hungarian translator Tibor Bartos published in 2002 by Corvina kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. It is a cross of a dictionary of synonyms and a thesaurus. Rather than relying on methods of computational linguistics, the vocabulary has been compiled manually as a by-product of translation work done by the author over his lifelong career as a translator of literary works.

Volume One is the dictionary itself, while Volume Two is an alphabetical index of words contained therein.

The subtitle explains the nature of the work as: “A repertory of words and phrases explaining each other, Book 1 and 2.” Though he does not use the word _recursion_, the whole project is a study on recursion in the Hungarian language.

Bartos’ credo

“Words are not synonyms on their own. What happens is, that we, speaking the same language, “match make them” every day... You never look for a word by locating it as a vector diagram in a system theory... The latest edition of Encyclopædia Britannica does not even waste space for synonyms... The ambition to locate the appropriate word for the correct use of language is sought no more...”

Perhaps that was written in anticipation of the criticism published before his dictionary was actually published, on behalf of the professional lexicographers and taxonomists, such as Rudolf Ungvári, an authority in preparing thesauri in Hungarian, protesting the advent of "an outsider” in lexicography or taxonomy. But by the token of his original degree in ethnography or cultural anthropology Tibor Bartos, not to mention his tremendous amount of superb translation of literary works, is undoubtedly an authentic person to turn to when having problems with putting the right Hungarian words together in composition, translation or originating other ideas in writing to meet different stylistic criteria. It is another issue though that the representation of his knowledge is not in par with the output of NLP technology available today.

Biography

Tibor Bartos was born in Újpest, Hungary, on August 1, 1933. He graduated from Idegen Nyelvek Főiskolája and was working between 1954 and 1965 as an editor of Európa Könyvkiadó. He translated works by Albee, Arde, Barthelme, Becket, Behan, Bierce, Capote, Cary, Chesterton, Delillo, Dickens, Dos Passos, George Eliot, Ellison, Franklin, Fussel, Hagen, Hardy, John Irving, Kerouac, Kesey, D. Lessig, Oscar Lewis, London, Macdonald, MacLeish, Malz, Matthiessen, H. Miller, Moyes, O'Henry, Pinter, Pirsi, Poe, Roddenberry, Rosengarten, Stoker, Styron, Swinburne, Thackeray, Thurber, Updike, Vivian, Warren, Wesker, Tom Wolfe and Wongar. His awards include Wessely László díj (1981) and Év Könyve (1985). He died on 26 March 2010, after long illness.

Contents

Book One

1.  Szótár-magyarázó (Rationale)
2.  Fogalomkörei (The broad concepts or categories grouped under numbers)
3.  Hogyan forgassuk (Guide to browsing)
4.  Tár (List of words and phrases)

Book Two

1.  Betűrendes eligazítás (Alphabetic index)

title: Magyar szótár

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the reasons that this dictionary exists.

answer: This dictionary exists primarily to translate from the Hungarian language to other languages. It seems it is a large study on words, synonyms, and how Hungarian words match with other languages.

text: This answer is inaccurate: the text does not state that the purpose of the dictionary is to translate from Hungarian to other languages.

refinement: This dictionary exists primarily as a reference work for the Hungarian language. It seems it is a large study on words, synonyms, and how Hungarian words match with other languages.

text: The line about other languages is unattested. It is, rather, a study of recursion.

refinement: This dictionary exists primarily as a reference work for the Hungarian language. It seems it is a large study on words, synonyms, and on recursion in the Hungarian language.

answer: The information has been personally and manually compiled rather than relying on computational linguistics to inform the dictionary's development and expansion. The book is recursive, and its contents are informed by language as a breathing, living thing that does not exist in a vacuum. That is to say, language is wholly contingent upon its context in usage amongst humans (in this case), according to the dictionary's creator Tibor Bartos.

answer: The Magyar szótár exists to provide a reference work of synonyms and phrases in Hungarian, compiled manually by a translator with vast experience. It is a result of a dedication to exploring the relationship between words, and it strives to be as accurate and relevant as possible.

answer: The dictionary aims to provide a reference for choosing a word for a particular usage, and is composed of several categories grouped under numbers. It is a repertory of words that explain each other, and the author considers the ultimate goal to be finding the appropriate word for correct use of language.

answer: This dictionary is a cross of a dictionary of synonyms and a thesaurus. It has been compiled manually as a by-product of the author's translation work. The author believes that words are not synonyms on their own and wants to emphasize that there is more to the value of language than what can be found in a system theory.


text:
If there’s one thing you can count on Houston restaurateur LEE ELLIS for, it’s excellent comfort food. He’s already conquered fried chicken and donuts and Texas comfort food (among others), and now Ellis will bring a decidedly sweet new offering into the fold at his Cherry Pie Hospitality group.

Announced via release, LEE’S CREAMERY has officially debuted inside Lee’s Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights. The new offering will feature more than fifty flavors – eight at a time – of ice cream, including strawberry cheesecake, bourbon bacon marmalade, and Mexican chocolate.

"Ice cream is my all-time favorite, go-to dessert. I’ve always wanted to develop an ice cream line and found the perfect ingredients to help me make this super rich, velvety ice cream," said Ellis in a statement. Chief among those top-notch ingredients is milk sourced from grass-fed cows at Gramen Farms in Tomball.

Most excitingly, Lee’s will serve ice cream by the scoop in addition to the DONUT DOUBLE SCOOP ICE CREAM SANDWICH. This nap-inducing carbfest involves two hearty scoops of Lee’s homemade ice cream sandwiched in between two of those killer glazed donuts.

For now, you can score ice cream from Lee’s Creamery at Lee’s Fried Chicken & Donuts, but look for a small counter to debut at Petite Sweets in the coming weeks. You’ll also be able to reserve Lee’s Creamery’s very own ice cream cart for private events and parties.

question: What kind of food does Lee Ellis' eatery offer?

answer: Comfort food, such as fried chicken and donuts.

answer: Lee Ellis' eatery offers ice cream.

text: Ice cream is a new addition, but more generally they offer comfort foods, particularly fried chicken and donuts

refinement: Lee Ellis' eatery offers comfort food, particularly fried chicken and donuts.

answer: Comfort food.

answer: Lee Ellis' eatery offers fried chicken, donuts, and ice cream.

text: More generally, they offer comfort food

refinement: Lee Ellis' eatery offers comfort food, like fried chicken, donuts, and ice cream.

question: Which new food are they debuting?

answer: Ice cream

answer: Lee's Creamery will be serving ice cream.

answer: Ice cream.

answer: Ice cream.

question: What is a donut double scoop ice cream sandwich?

answer: It is a sandwich made of two hearty scoops of Lee's homemade ice cream sandwiched in between two of those killer glazed donuts.

answer: Two scoops of Lee's homemade ice cream sandwiched between two donuts.

answer: A donut double scoop ice cream sandwich is a sandwich made with two scoops of ice cream and two donuts.

answer: The donut double scoop ice cream sandwich is a dessert consisting of two scoops of ice cream sandwiched between two donuts.

question: Where does Lee get the milk for his ice cream?

answer: From Gramen Farms in Tomball.

answer: From Gramen Farms in Tomball, where the cows are grass-fed.

answer: The milk for Lee's ice cream comes from Gramen Farms in Tomball.

answer: Lee gets the milk for his ice cream from Gramen Farms in Tomball.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Lee's Creamery is a new ice cream shop that has opened in Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights. The shop will feature more than fifty flavors of ice cream, including strawberry cheesecake, bourbon bacon marmalade, and Mexican chocolate.

answer: The text presents a new dessert by Lee Ellis. They have started offering ice cream along with their already popular fried chicken and donuts.

text: Clarify "they" to "Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights"

refinement: The text presents a new dessert by Lee Ellis. Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights has started offering ice cream along with their already popular fried chicken and donuts.

answer: Lee's Creamery, featuring over fifty flavors of ice cream, has just opened inside Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights. The new ice cream shop also offers donut double scoop ice cream sandwiches.

answer: Lee Ellis, a Houston restaurateur, is bringing a new offering to his Cherry Pie Hospitality group. The new offering is ice cream, and it will feature more than fifty flavors.

text: Note that it is debuting inside Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights

refinement: Lee Ellis, a Houston restaurateur, is bringing a new offering to his Cherry Pie Hospitality group. The new offering is ice cream, and it will feature more than fifty flavors. It has debuted inside Lee's Fried Chicken & Donuts in the Heights


text:
First things first- I've never seen The Birds. This story is influenced solely by the final scenes within Stephen King's *The Dark Half*. If you have read it, I hope you appreciate my take/twist on it. If you haven't, enjoy anyway.

...

The crows outside his window grew in number every night. He first noticed them with the arrival of what they called the “storm of the century.” Exaggeration or not, it certainly was a powerful storm by anyone’s standards. He, as he always was during these kinds of events, was sitting by his window watching the lightning dance and leap across the glowing sky. Storms had caught his love early in life. He had regularly stood by his front door with his father searching for signs of trouble in the sky while the rest of his family sought shelter in the closet. That’s what confused him most: The skies themselves took the opportunity to communicate with the ground below; why ignore them? They were destructive, yes, but they were beautiful.

This destructive beauty was all around him: The winds swept up a miniature twister of dead leaves, whipped the rain to nearly horizontal angles, shook the trees until they cried out in protest, and then shook them some more. He thought he even heard Ms. Lear’s old oak succumb to the stress, though he couldn’t be sure over the explosions of thunder.

The intensity of the storm almost made it seem calmer than it actually was. The glimpses of the outside world illuminated by the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not; it was almost as if it was midday and there were flashes of nighttime instead.

Caught in this light was a gnarled dead tree. Its bark was long gone; its leaves he’d never seen. He almost imagined that, with them, its branches had been like ragged hands, grasping at whatever ventured near them, waving to people in the breeze. Perhaps it used to walk the Earth, finally settling down here to wither away and die. That tree always bothered him; he didn’t exactly know why. It wasn’t like he’d ever had reason to distrust it, that is, if one could call what he felt toward it distrust. All that it’d ever really done was stand there, gently swaying, branches slowly tracing their fingers through the air. Nevertheless, he’d done his best to avoid going near it whenever possible.

The lightning seemed to have begun to die down. The lapses into darkness between the strikes became longer, but, as if to reaffirm its might, a bolt with the brightness of a star’s filament of flame suddenly lit up the sky. He slammed his eyelids shut yet the light burned through. He summoned the strength to open them no more than a hair’s breadth and, his face contorted in the light’s overwhelming intensity, collapsed to the floor with his face buried between his knees when the blast of thunder came. His house shook from the force: photos crashed off their spots on the wall and his collection of odds and ends he’d picked up over the years jumped off its resting place on his desk onto the floor as if in search of shelter. He feared his roof would collapse: luckily, it held. Whoever said that it was the lightning to fear, not the thunder, obviously never experienced such an explosion. Instinctive fear and deep respect reverberated through him.

After the last echoes passed, he slowly raised his head and focused his eyes back out the window onto the grey tree. What he saw there on one of the spindly branches stunned him more than the storm did. A lone crow sat there, its eyes met with his. Its gaze never wavered; it seemed completely oblivious to the tempest around it even as the branch it was perched on shook violently. He sat there staring for what felt like eons. He felt powerless to break his gaze until, without warning, the bird opened its beak (he didn’t know whether or not it cawed; he could hardly hear anything but the sound of the deluge bombarding the ground) and, with a sudden leap, took flight and disappeared in another flash of lightning. Equally without warning, a wave of lightheadedness overcame him and he toppled over.

---

The rain had yet to drain out of the yard by the next evening. Leaves and other debris floated lifelessly on the unnaturally still water, giving them the appearance of resting upon giant mirrors. The sky was a dead grey and still; the winds had ceased completely. A dense fog carpeted the ground: He could hardly see beyond what he guessed to be thirty feet. The dead tree was just within the reach of this fog; it was the only thing assuring him that the ground still existed below the mist.

He was leaned back in his recliner, *The Dark Half* in hand. Thad Beaumont and Alexis Machine were about to face off; the battle between good and evil was nigh. Shame I don’t have any sparrows on hand, he thought with a slight chuckle. He was about to flip pages when the sound of rustling feathers broke the silence. A feeling not unlike a trickle of cold water inched its way up his spine as he slowly closed his book. Setting it down, he rose, head slightly cocked, and approached his window. Outside, sitting in the tree’s open hands, were crows. Nineteen crows, all perched on the dead tree’s limbs, all facing directly at him. They shuffled their feet, their wings, but not an eye moved from him. He knew not the purpose of their gathering and was highly unnerved; he dared not move but, betraying his will, blinked once. As if the spell was broken, one of the birds on the tree’s left let out a cry. The rest of the group silently took flight and disappeared into the low clouds. He watched them quickly disappear into the fog. It was as if they vanished: One second they were churning up the air, the next it was as if they were never there.

He hoped never to see them again, that this was their last visit to him.

---

It wasn't.

---

title: The Murder - First shot at creative writing (Little longer, split it up)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the storm that took place.

answer: A storm occurs where the sky and the ground were communicating causing thunderbolts and heavy rain. After the storm passes crows begin to watch the narrator.

text: This does not add to a summary of the storm and should be omitted.

refinement: A storm occurs where the sky and the ground were communicating causing thunderbolts and heavy rain.

text: This is in reference to the protagonists feelings on storms in general. Not the specific storm.

text: The majority of information about the storm is omitted.

refinement: A storm occurs and is called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not. The thunder sounded like an explosion and was so intense that the protagonist feared his roof would come off. The storm had caused flooding and debris.

answer: A storm occurs where the sky and the ground were communicating causing thunderbolts and heavy rain. They eventually stop but the crows continue to keep trespass on the narrator's property.

answer: The storms that took place was called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The narrator saw a dead tree that bothered him. He was stunned when another bird arrived in his tree.

text: This is irrelevant to the question and should be omitted.

refinement: The storms that took place was called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky.

text: It's omitted that the storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and that the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not.

refinement: The storms that took place was called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not.

text: It's omitted that the thunder sounded like an explosion and was so intense that the protagonist feared his roof would come off

refinement: The storms that took place was called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not. The thunder sounded like an explosion and was so intense that the protagonist feared his roof would come off

text: It's omitted the storm caused flooding and debris.

refinement: The storms that took place was called a storm of the century. The narrator watched the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not. The thunder sounded like an explosion and was so intense that the protagonist feared his roof would come off. The storm had caused flooding and debris.

answer: The narrator watches the lightning dance and leap across the sky. The narrator sees a dead tree that bothered him. He is stunned when another bird arrives in his tree.

answer: It was a massive storm. The thunder was strong and constant. The rain was massive and absolutely emptied the yard of water. This is a bad storm.

text: The rain didn't empty the yard of water, it flooded it. It would be better to say it rained so much that the yard was flooded the next day.

refinement: It was a massive storm. The thunder was strong and constant. It rained so much that the yard was flooded the next day. This is a bad storm.

text: It would be more effective to say the storm was called the "storm of the century".

refinement: It was a massive storm. The thunder was strong and constant. It rained so much that the yard was flooded the next day. The storm was called the "storm of the century".

text: It's omitted that the storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and that the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not.

refinement: It was a massive storm. The thunder was strong and constant. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not. It rained so much that the yard was flooded the next day. The storm was called the "storm of the century".

text: It's omitted the storm left debris.

refinement: It was a massive storm. The thunder was strong and constant. The storm's intensity made it seem calmer than it actually was, and the flashes of lightning were more frequent than not. It rained so much that the yard was flooded the next day and there was debris. The storm was called the "storm of the century".

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What role do the crows play in the story?

answer: They give the narrator a feeling of being watched. In his hallucination, they nearly drive him mad. Finally, they appear again in a hallucination, as if waiting for him to join them.

text: This is all false. The protagonist is not having a hallucination.

refinement: They give the narrator a feeling of being watched.

text: The narrator and protagonist are not the same in this story. He should be referred to as the protagonist.

refinement: They give the protagonist a feeling of being watched.

text: It's omitted that the crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding.

refinement: They give the protagonist a feeling of being watched. The crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding that's greater than the storm.

text: It's omitted that the crows seem related to the storm and make the protagonist feel powerless.

refinement: They give the protagonist a feeling of being watched. The crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding that's greater than the storm. The crows seem related to the storm and make the protagonist feel powerless.

answer: They disturb the narrator and make him feel unnerved. In the end it's disclosed that they are harbingers of death, supposed to have come to him

text: This is false. They are not harbingers of death.

refinement: They disturb the narrator and make him feel unnerved.

text: It's omitted that the crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding.

refinement: They disturb the narrator and make him feel unnerved. The crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding that's greater than the storm.

text: It's omitted that the crows seem related to the storm and make the protagonist feel powerless.

refinement: They disturb the narrator and make him feel unnerved. The crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding greater than the storm. The crows seem related to the storm and make the protagonist feel powerless.

text: The narrator and protagonist are separate in this story. Refer to him as the protagonist.

refinement: They disturb the protagonist and make him feel unnerved. The crows are antagonists that provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding greater than the storm. The crows seem related to the storm and make the protagonist feel powerless.

answer: It's never explicitly stated what role the crows play in the story, perhaps other than foreshadowing

text: Despite there not being an explicit statement of the role, there is one. It's not foreshadowing.

text: Blank response.

refinement: The role of the crows is that they are antagonists towards the protagonist. They offer a sense of foreboding that's greater than the storm and continually unnerve the protagonist. The number of crows grow throughout the story, seemingly related to the storm, and they seem to hold a sort of power over him.

answer: The crows are associated with the storm and when it diminishes, the crows show up. The narrator turns up one night, and the rhythm of their communication is paralleled with the rhythm of the book. The crows come again much later in another storm, and that night the narrator is overwhelmed with lightheadedness. The cows make another appearance, in the lead up to the dark half of the book, with the dark tone of their color.

text: The crows don't show up when the storm diminishes. They began to grow as the storm went on.

refinement: The crows are associated with the storm and their number grows as the storm rages on. The narrator turns up one night, and the rhythm of their communication is paralleled with the rhythm of the book. The crows come again much later in another storm, and that night the narrator is overwhelmed with lightheadedness. The cows make another appearance, in the lead up to the dark half of the book, with the dark tone of their color.

text: This doesn't really describe the role accurately.

refinement: The crows are associated with the storm and their number grows as the storm rages on.

text: It's omitted that the crows are antagonists that unnerve and provide the protagonist a sense of foreboding.

refinement: The crows are associated with the storm and their number grows as the storm rages on. The crows are antagonists that unnerve and provide the protagonist with a sense of foreboding stronger than the storms.

text: It's omitted the crows make the protagonist feel powerless.

refinement: The crows are associated with the storm and their number grows as the storm rages on. The crows are antagonists that unnerve and provide the protagonist with a sense of foreboding stronger than the storms. They make him feel powerless.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the surprises in the plot.

answer: The narrator notices the crows outside their home grow in number. He and his family look at the storm through the window. A single crow lands on the gnarled dead tree under the storm. He derives no malice from the tree, though it troubles him. The next day, when the rain has dried but still a bit damper, he notices another crow on the dead tree, nineteen more crows descend on the same tree, and it makes him very uncomfortable. Then, they go away, he hopes for good. He is surprised two more times when crows torment and harass him.

text: Both of these statements do not happen in the story and should be omitted.

refinement: The narrator notices the crows outside their home grow in number. He derives no malice from the tree, though it troubles him. The next day, when the rain has dried but still a bit damper, he notices another crow on the dead tree, nineteen more crows descend on the same tree, and it makes him very uncomfortable. Then, they go away, he hopes for good.

text: This doesn't add to the answer and should be omitted.

refinement: The narrator notices the crows outside their home grow in number.  The next day, when the rain has dried but still a bit damper, he notices another crow on the dead tree, nineteen more crows descend on the same tree, and it makes him very uncomfortable. Then, they go away, he hopes for good.

text: While this is close to the surprises, it describes it in an awkward and confusing way. This should be rewritten.

refinement: The narrator notices the crows outside their home grow in number. However, the surprise in the plot comes when the protagonist is stunned by a lone crow staring at him during the storm. The protagonist feels powerless as the crow stares him, and faints after he looks away. The second surprise comes when the storm is over, and nineteen crows are now on the same tree, transfixing him once again. They basically vanish once the protagonist breaks his gaze.

text: The narrator and protagonist are separate in this story. He should be referred to as the protagonist.

refinement: The protagonist notices the crows outside their home grow in number. However, the surprise in the plot comes when the protagonist is stunned by a lone crow staring at him during the storm. The protagonist feels powerless as the crow stares him, and faints after he looks away. The second surprise comes when the storm is over, and nineteen crows are now on the same tree, transfixing him once again. They basically vanish once the protagonist breaks his gaze.

answer: First, the main character notices a large flock of crows outside of his home about a week into a storm of the century where the crow staring at him then take offs them all.

text: This is confusing and inaccurate. This doesn't describe the surprises in the plot.

text: Blank response

refinement: The protagonist notices that there are a growing number of crows as a storm progresses. However, the surprise in the plot comes when the protagonist is stunned by a lone crow staring at him during the storm. The protagonist feels powerless as the crow stares him, and faints after he looks away. The second surprise comes when the storm is over, and nineteen crows are now on the same tree, transfixing him once again. They basically vanish once the protagonist breaks his gaze.

answer: First, the main character notices a large flock of crows outside of his home about a week into a storm of the century. He is afraid of their presence because he had feared the storm as a child. Eventually, a bird comes and stares at him for hours. One night there is also a loud series of crashes and the main character is knocked out. He wakes up a few hours later to 19 crows in the tree, staring at him and not a sound is made. Then they all take off.

text: This is inaccurate and should be omitted.

refinement: First, the main character notices a large flock of crows outside of his home about a week into a storm of the century.  Eventually, a bird comes and stares at him for hours. One night there is also a loud series of crashes and the main character is knocked out. He wakes up a few hours later to 19 crows in the tree, staring at him and not a sound is made. Then they all take off.

text: It's not said how long the storm lasted. It would be better to say that the number of birds grew as the storm grew.

refinement: First, the main character notices a large flock of crows outside of his home that grew as a storm grew.  Eventually, a bird comes and stares at him for hours. One night there is also a loud series of crashes and the main character is knocked out. He wakes up a few hours later to 19 crows in the tree, staring at him and not a sound is made. Then they all take off.

text: While this alludes to the surprises, it doesn't describe them in an affective way that really highlights that these moments are surprises. It should be rewritten.

refinement: First, the main character notices a large flock of crows outside of his home that grew as a storm grew. However, the surprise in the plot comes when the main character is stunned by a lone crow staring at him during the storm. He feels powerless as the crow stares him, and faints after he looks away. The second surprise comes when the storm is over, and nineteen crows are now on the same tree, transfixing him once again. They basically vanish once the main character breaks his gaze.

answer: The narrator (at least at first) expresses concern and paranoia towards a twisted, gnarled tree in his yard before the storm. Then in the next chapter, he's sitting in his recliner, reading a book, when he hears crows rustling their feathers in the tree. He's frightened when he realizes that the crows are all staring at him and ominously shuffling their feet. Finally the crows take flight and disappear. He fears never seeing the crows again. As it becomes apparent that he will, in fact, see the crows again, the narrator describes feeling defeated and hoping that this is their last visit.

text: This doesn't really add to the answer and should be omitted.

refinement: He's frightened when he realizes that the crows are all staring at him and ominously shuffling their feet. Finally the crows take flight and disappear. He fears never seeing the crows again. As it becomes apparent that he will, in fact, see the crows again, the narrator describes feeling defeated and hoping that this is their last visit.

text: This is inaccurate. He fears seeing the crows again.

refinement: He's frightened when he realizes that the crows are all staring at him and ominously shuffling their feet. Finally the crows take flight and disappear.  As it becomes apparent that he will, in fact, see the crows again, the narrator describes feeling defeated and hoping that this is their last visit.

text: This is inaccurate and not a part of the surprises.

refinement: He's frightened when he realizes that the crows are all staring at him and ominously shuffling their feet. Finally the crows take flight and disappear.

text: The key surprises are omitted.

refinement: The surprise in the plot comes when the protagonist is stunned by a lone crow staring at him during the storm. The protagonist feels powerless as the crow stares him, and faints after he looks away. The second surprise comes when the storm is over, and nineteen crows are now on the same tree, transfixing him once again. He's frightened when he realizes that the crows are all staring at him and ominously shuffling their feet. Finally the crows take flight and disappear.

answer: The narrator noticed the crows outside their home grow in number. He and his family look at the storm through the window. A single crow lands on the gnarled dead tree under the storm. He derives no malice from the tree, though it troubles him. The next day, when the rain has dried but still a bit damper, he notices another crow on the dead tree, nineteen more crows descend on the same tree, and it makes him very uncomfortable. Then, they go away, he hopes for good. He is surprised two more times when crows torment and harass him.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the similarities between this story and Stephen King's The Dark Half.

answer: Both stories have vicious crows.

text: The birds in this story aren't necessarily vicious, just intimidating. Additionally, The Dark Half uses sparrows, not crows.

refinement: In this story, a flock of crows are used as an antagonist. In The Dark Half, a flock of sparrows are used to possibly kill a character. Both books use birds as a source of intimidation or conflict.

answer: While the story seems to have its own original plot, it makes explicit references to Stephen King's The Dark Half.

answer: This story is influenced by Stephen King's The Dark Half. The Dark Half is a novel about Thad Beaumont, a writer who is married to Melanie. He discovers she's taken the face of a failed writer named Alan Pangborn. At that point, Thad realizes one of his characters, Alexis Machine, is stalking them.

text: This answer inaccurately describes The Dark Half.

refinement: This story is influenced by Stephen King's The Dark Half.

text: No similarities between books are given.

refinement: This story is influenced by Stephen King's The Dark Half. In this story, a flock of crows are used as an antagonist. In The Dark Half, a flock of sparrows are used to possibly kill a character. Both books use birds as a source of intimidation or conflict.

answer: Both stories have vicious crows. The protagonist sees crows surrounding the dead tree outside their window. They see crows just before reading The Dark Half by Stephen King, so it can be assumed that the characters in that book see crows just as the protagonist does.

answer: This story is influenced by Stephen King's The Dark Half.

text: This doesn't answer the question. No similarities are given.

refinement: This story is influenced by Stephen King's The Dark Half. In this story, a flock of crows are used as an antagonist. In The Dark Half, a flock of sparrows are used to possibly kill a character. Both books use birds as a source of intimidation or conflict.

answer: While the story seems to have its own original plot, it makes explicit references to Stephen King's The Dark Half. The whole first paragraph lays out this resemblance. The detail about the storm is derivative of King's The Dark Half. While the storm described in King's, The Dark Half is the final climax to all of the events that have taken place in the book, the storm in the story is only a part of it.

text: This inaccurately describes the Dark Half. The climax of that book is the showdown. Additionally, the similarity is the birds.

refinement: While the story seems to have its own original plot, it makes explicit references to Stephen King's The Dark Half.

text: No similarities are given.

refinement: While the story seems to have its own original plot, it makes explicit references to Stephen King's The Dark Half. In this story, a flock of crows are used as an antagonist. In The Dark Half, a flock of sparrows are used to possibly kill a character. Both books use birds as a source of intimidation or conflict.


text:
The KENTUCKY WAR MEMORIAL is a memorial to Kentuckians who have died in all wars. On a high-point called the “State Mound” in Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky, the memorial consists of a 65-foot-tall monument erected in 1850, nine low stone monuments built in a semi-circle, and two low straight monuments. The 1850 monument honors men who died up until 1850 and it lists the battles and the officers who fell. The semi-circular area to the south of the tall monument lists the wars, and the straight monuments list the names of all of Kentucky's fallen. The wars mentioned include: War of Independence, War of 1812, the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Persian Gulf War.[1]

In 1848, an act passed by the state legislature appropriated $15,000 for its construction.[2] The 65-foot-tall granite monument, topped by a statue of Victory, was unveiled in 1850.

The monument was erected to stand over the graves of 17 Kentucky soldiers who had fallen at the Battle of Buena Vista. Their interment in Frankfort Cemetery on July 20, 1847 was marked by a eulogy from John C. Breckinridge, a supporter of the war. According to a popular story, this mass funeral inspired Mexican-War veteran, Theordore O'Hara, to pen his famed poem, “Bivouac of the Dead”. However, O'Hara was still with the army in Mexico in July 1848.[3]

Inscriptions

The 1850 monument is decorated on all four faces. Each face has a display on the base. The column is decorated with bands depicting battles, followed by names of officers who fell in those battles.

-   SOUTH SIDE: The south side of the monument features the coat of arms of Kentucky and the state motto, “United we stand; divided we fall.”[4] The base inscription says “Kentucky has erected this column in gratitude equally to her officers and soldiers.” The south side of the column is inscribed with the names of those officers killed at St. Clair's defeat, Estill's Defeat, Tippecanoe, Fort Meigs, and Blue Licks.

-   EAST SIDE: The east side base is inscribed “By order of the legislature, the name of Col. J. J. Hardin of the 1st regt. Illinois Infantry, A son of Kentucky who fell at the Battle of Buena Vista is inscribed hereon.” The east side of the column is inscribed with the names of three Kentucky naval officers who died in the performance of duty during the early 1870s: John Gunnell Talbot, Hugh McKee, and Alfred Foree.

-   NORTH SIDE: The north side base is inscribed “Military Monument erected by Kentucky, A.D. 1850.” The north side of the column is inscribed with the names of those officers killed at Boonesborough, Harmon's Defeat, Wayne's Campaign, Monterey, Buena Vista, Raisin, the River Raisin Massacre, and during the Mexican–American War.

-   WEST SIDE: The west side base inscription says “The principal battles and campaigns, in which her sons devoted their lives to their country are inscribed on the bands. And beneath the same are the names of her officers who fell. The names of her soldiers who died for their country are too numerous to be inscribed on any column.” The west side of the column is inscribed with the names of those officers killed at Thames, at Little Bighorn, the Indian Wars, and Raisin

Gallery

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Kentucky War Memorial

question: What is special or unique about the Kentucky War memorial's 1850 monument?

answer: The 1850 monument's column is decorated with bands depicting battles, followed by names of officers who fell in those battles.

answer: Unveiled in 1850, it is decorated on all four of its faces (one for each cardinal direction). Each face has display on the base with inscriptions.

answer: One of the principal battles and campaigns, in which her sons devoted their lives to their country are inscribed on the bands. And beneath the same are the names of her officers who fell. The names of her soldiers who died for our country are too number to be inscribed on any column.

question: Which war is the Kentucky War Memorial for?

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is for military veterans who died in all wars and the memorial commemorates their sacrifice.

answer: The memorial is for all Kentuckians who died in all wars so it is not meant for a single war. Wars including the War for Independence up to the Persian Gulf War are mentioned.

answer: The KENTUCKY WAR MEMORIAL is a memorial to Kentuckians who have died in all wars. The wars mentioned include: War of Independence, War of 1812, the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Persian Gulf War.

question: Describe what the memorial looks like.

answer: The memorial the Kentucky War Memorial has a memorial to Kentuckians who have died in all wars that is 65-feet tall and is at its base with a statue of victory. It consists of a the pillar with a band listing casualties around it, nine low stone monuments built in a semicircle, and two straight, low monuments for all the warrior deaths in the United States

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is a memorial to Kentuckians who have died in all wars. The 1865 monument stands 65 feet tall and takes up a large area in a cemetery in Kentucky. It has nine carved symbols that hang in a semi-circle and is inscribed with the names of those who died in all wars fought by Kentucky.

answer: There are 9 low stone monuments in a semi-circle, two low monuments that are straight, and in the center, a high-point called the "State Mound" that has a 20 meter tall monument which was erected in 1850.

question: Why was the memorial built?

answer: The memorial was originally built to stand over the graves of 17 Kentucky soldiers who died in the Battle of Buena Vista.

answer: The memorial was built to honor Kentuckians who have died in all wars.

answer: The memorial was built in order to honor those in the state of Kentucky who have died in all wars.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is a memorial to all those who have lost their lives in service to the state of Kentucky in various wars throughout history. It consists of a monument erected in 1850, with plaques commemorating battles and officers who lost their lives, and nine other smaller monuments honoring soldiers who fell in each individual war.

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is a memorial in the cemetery of Frankfort, Kentucky, honoring all of the Kentucky soldiers who died in war. It is 65-feet-tall and has a display on each of its four faces, with inscriptions detailing the battles in which the soldiers were killed.

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is a monument in Frankfort Cemetery honoring those from Kentucky who have died in all wars. It includes a 65-foot tall monument with a statue of Victory on top as well as nine smaller monuments listing the wars in which those soldiers died.

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial in Frankfort Cemetery honors Kentuckian soldiers who have fallen in all wars. The monument consists of a 65-foot tall centerpiece and low stone monuments listing all wars fought by Kentucky and the names of all fallen soldiers.

answer: Originally built for 17 soldiers who died in the Battle of Buena Vista, the Kentucky War Memorial now stands for all Kentuckians who died in wars. It is composed of a tall 20 meter monument surrounded by eleven small monuments.

answer: The Kentucky War Memorial is a monument erected to remember the Kentuckians who sacrificed their lives in all wars. The 65-foot-tall monument is decorated with bands that list the battles and the officers who died in those battles. There is also a semi-circle of memorial stones as well as two more stone pillars with the names of all soldiers who have died.


text:
A 56-year-old quadriplegic woman on life support died on Wednesday, allegedly because Greece's public utility cut the power off due to her unpaid bills.

According to the state-run Athens News Agency, the woman living in Chania, on the island of Crete, facing serious health problems the last 15 years, died one hour after the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home because of her debt.

Her relatives have filed a lawsuit against those they consider responsible.

An autopsy is to determine the exact reasons for her death.

PPC expressed its condolences to the family, and told AFP that the bill was not issued in the woman's name but did not say to whom it was addressed.

"We were given no information about the health status of the woman," PPC's spokesman said.

"Her family hadn't even applied for the special status accorded to people on life support," he added.

Public Power Corporation of Greece announced last week electricity rate increases up to 11 per cent for household customers starting July 25.

Nevertheless the company has set different rates as well as different treatment for special groups of citizens, such as those who are in need of life support or the unemployed.

Crisis-hit Greek households are finding it increasingly difficult to pay their electricity bills.

According to PPC data, total debt from unpaid bills currently total some 1.3 billion euros (£1 billion).

The amount is growing at an average rate of 4 million euros (£3.2 million) per day. [AFP]

question: What was the aftermath of the woman's death?

answer: The woman's family filed a lawsuit against those they considered responsible.

answer: Her relatives have filed a lawsuit and an autopsy is being held to look into the reasons for her death.

answer: Her relatives filed a lawsuit against those they considered responsible.

answer: According to the passage, the woman's relatives have filed a lawsuit against those they believe are responsible for her death, and an autopsy is being conducted to determine the cause of death.

question: Who was responsible for the power at the woman's home?

answer: The Public Power Corporation of Greece

text: A dot is missing.

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home ' is evidence that The Public Power Corporation of Greece was responsible for the power at the woman's home.

answer: The Public Power Corporation of Greece

text: A dot is missing.

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home ' is evidence that The Public Power Corporation of Greece was responsible for the power at the woman's home.

answer: The Public Power Corporation of Greece.

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home ' is evidence that The Public Power Corporation of Greece was responsible for the power at the woman's home.

answer: The Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) was responsible for the power at the woman's home, as they cut off the electricity supply due to her unpaid bills.

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home ' is evidence that The Public Power Corporation of Greece was responsible for the power at the woman's home.

question: Is this incident a sign of a wider problem?

answer: Yes, the Public Power Corporation of Greece suggests there is widespread debt from unpaid power bills (totalling 1.3 billion euros)

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it seems that this incident is an example of a wider problem in Greece - namely, the difficulty that many households are having in paying their electricity bills.

text: 'Crisis-hit Greek households are finding it increasingly difficult to pay their electricity bills.' is evidence that it seems that this incident is an example of a wider problem in Greece - namely, the difficulty that many households are having in paying their electricity bills.

answer: Yes, this incident is a sign of a wider problem.

text: The answer could be more specific.

refinement: Yes, this incident is a sign of a wider problem - there is widespread debt from unpaid power bills.

text: 'Crisis-hit Greek households are finding it increasingly difficult to pay their electricity bills.' is evidence that there is a wider problem.

answer: Yes, the debt from unpaid bills is growing at an average rate of 4 million euros per day.

question: Why was the woman's power cut off?

answer: This was allegedly due to unpaid bills and that her family had not informed the power company about her health status.

text: '"We were given no information about the health status of the woman," PPC's spokesman said.' is evidence that her family had not informed the power company about her health status.

answer: She was in debt.

answer: The woman's power was cut off because she had unpaid bills.

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home because of her debt.' is evidence that she had unpaid bills.

answer: The woman's power was cut off because she owed money to the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC).

text: 'the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC) cut off the electricity supply to her home because of her debt.' is evidence that she owed money to the Public Power Corporation of Greece (PPC).

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: A 56-year-old quadriplegic woman on life support died on Wednesday, allegedly because Greece's public utility cut the power off due to her unpaid bills. Her relatives have filed a lawsuit against those they consider responsible. An autopsy is to determine the exact reasons for her death.

answer: A quadriplegic woman on life support died in Chania, Greece, allegedly because the public utility cut off her electricity due to unpaid bills. Her family has filed a lawsuit against those they believe are responsible, and the cause of death is still being investigated. With electricity rates increasing, many Greek households are struggling to pay their bills.

text: 'An autopsy is to determine the exact reasons for her death.' is evidence that the cause of death is still being investigated.

text: 'Crisis-hit Greek households are finding it increasingly difficult to pay their electricity bills. According to PPC data, total debt from unpaid bills currently total some 1.3 billion euros (£1 billion). The amount is growing at an average rate of 4 million euros (£3.2 million) per day. [AFP]' is evidence that many Greek households are struggling to pay their bills.

text: 'Public Power Corporation of Greece announced last week electricity rate increases up to 11 per cent for household customer' is evidence that electricity rates are increasing.

answer: A woman on life support in Greece died after her power was cut off, allegedly due to unpaid bills. Her relatives have filed a lawsuit. The Public Power Corporation of Greece expressed condolences but stated they were not informed of the woman's health issues. Greek households are increasingly struggling to pay their power bills.

text: 'Crisis-hit Greek households are finding it increasingly difficult to pay their electricity bills. According to PPC data, total debt from unpaid bills currently total some 1.3 billion euros (£1 billion). The amount is growing at an average rate of 4 million euros (£3.2 million) per day. [AFP]' is evidence that Greek households are increasingly struggling to pay their power bills.

answer: A 56-year-old quadriplegic woman on life support died on Wednesday, allegedly because Greece's public utility cut the power off due to her unpaid bills. Her relatives have filed a lawsuit against those they consider responsible. An autopsy is to determine the exact reasons for her death. Public Power Corporation of Greece announced last week electricity rate increases up to 11 per cent for household customers starting July 25.