text:
GORDEYEVKA () is a rural locality (a _selo_) in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative, transport, trade and economical center of Gordeyevsky District. Population:

The selo is located in Central Russia southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus in the west of the Bryansk Oblast.

In 2018 year the total population of the Gordeyevsky district was 10 620, with the population of Gordeyevka accounting for 28.4% of that number.

Gordeevka is one of the most comfortable and largest rural settlements in Bryansk Oblast.

Geography

Gordeyevka lies in western European Russia in the central to western parts of the East European Plain.

The relief is a typical East European Plain landscape, with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, although lowlands dominate. [School in Gordeevka] Climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is −7 to −9 °C (19 to 16 °F). The average July temperature is +18 to +19 °C (64 to 66 °F). Average annual precipitation varies from 560 to 600 millimeters (22 to 24 in).

Ecological problems

As a result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides (mainly Gordeyevsky, Klimovsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky, Surazhsky, and Novozybkovsky Districts). In 1999, some 226,000 people lived in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km², representing approximately 16% of the oblast's population.

Administrative and municipal structure

There are 9 settlements in the Gordeevskoe rural settlement.

  Settlements of Gordeevskoe rural settlement of Bryansk Oblast
  --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------- --------- ---------------------
  №
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9

Sights

CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION IN THE VILLAGE VELIKY BOR OF GORDEEVSKOE RURAL SETTLEMENT OF BRYANSK OBLAST

The supplier on the hill of intermediaries is the compositional center of his development. Year of construction of the church (by order of Count Bezborodko) - 1809. By now, the side porticos and the top of the bell tower have been lost. An interesting example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism. Around the building were comparatively short side arms, which were slightly protruding rectangular altars ending in a lowered semicircular apse. [Ruins of the church in the village Veliky Bor (1809)] The originality of the composition is given by a large light quadrangle towering over the center with a tetrahedral dome cover and a small dome on a cubic pedestal. A small refectory with one window on the side facades is adjoined by a preserved quadrangle of the bell tower. All facades of the building at the level of the apse cornice are bypassed by a profiled belt. Four Tuscan pilasters decorating the ends of the side arms correspond to the columns of the lost porticoes.

Between them in the center there are side entrances marked with triangular sandrids, and on the sides - rectangular windows; above the openings there are, respectively, an oval and two round niches. In the upper part of each facet of the quadrangle, a large semicircular three-part Empire-type window is cut. The tier of the bell tower is decorated with large flat arched niches in the center of the facets, rusticated corner parts to the waist and round niches-medallions above it. In the interior, all the side parts are completely open into the high central one, forming a single space of the temple. The central part is covered with a four-lane closed vault, the altar is covered with a conch, and the altar vima, the side arms and the refectory are covered with cylindrical vaults. The lower tier of the bell tower with rounded inner corners has a corrugated vault along the north-south axis. On the sides of the trapezoidal passage to the refectory, there are small rooms with a staircase in the southern one. Only the plaster cornices at the base of the vaults and at the top of the main quadrangle, as well as pilasters between the windows on the north and south walls, have survived from the interior decoration.

title: Gordeyevka, Bryansk Oblast

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the main topic of this post?

answer: Introduced as a rural locality of Russia, the selo is the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the Gordeyevsky District. In 2018, the district had a population of 10 620, with the population of the selo accounting for 28.4% of that number.

text: "the selo" - is partly correct. This part should be replaced with "Gordeyevka"

refinement: Introduced as a rural locality of Russia, Gordeyevka (a selo) is the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the Gordeyevsky District. In 2018, the district had a population of 10 620, with the population of the selo accounting for 28.4% of that number.

answer: The post describes a church in Gordeyevka, Bryansk Oblast. The church is unique in its architectural style, especially the quadrangle on its facade. The post also discusses the issue of radiation contamination in the Bryansk Oblast resulting from the Chernobyl disaster.

text: "The post describes a church in Gordeyevka, Bryansk Oblast." - is incorrect because the church is only part of the post. The main topic is the rural locality of Gordeyevka. Revise the answer.

refinement: The main topic is Gordeyevka, a rural locality (a selo) in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

answer: The main topic of this post is the rural selo of Gordeyevka along with its geography and population.

answer: This post is about Gordeyevka, a rural locality in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

answer: The history of the Church of the Ascension and its architecture.

text: "The history of the Church of the Ascension and its architecture." - is incorrect because the church is only part of the post. The main topic is the rural locality of Gordeyevka. Revise the answer.

refinement: The main topic is Gordeyevka, a rural locality (a selo) in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the geography of the area?

answer: The area is located in central Russia southwest of Moscow near the Belarus border.

text: "The area is located in central Russia southwest of Moscow near the Belarus border." - is lacking details. Must include the area's characteristics.

refinement: The area is located in central Russia southwest of Moscow near the Belarus border. The relief is a typical East European Plain landscape, with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, although lowlands dominate. Climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is −7 to −9 °C (19 to 16 °F). The average July temperature is +18 to +19 °C (64 to 66 °F).

answer: Gordeyevka is located in Central Russia, southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus in the west of Bryansk Oblast.

text: "Gordeyevka is located in Central Russia, southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus in the west of Bryansk Oblast." - is lacking details. Must include the area's characteristics.

refinement: Gordeyevka is located in Central Russia, southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus in the west of Bryansk Oblast. The relief is a typical East European Plain landscape, with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, although lowlands dominate. Climate is temperate continental. The average temperature in January is −7 to −9 °C (19 to 16 °F). The average July temperature is +18 to +19 °C (64 to 66 °F).

answer: The geography is typical of the East European Plains. It is characterized as having rolling hills and shallow lowlands.

text: Add the climate.

refinement: The geography is typical of the East European Plains. It is characterized as having rolling hills and shallow lowlands, with a temperate continental climate.

answer: A typical East European relief. The area is flat. The average temperature in January is -9 Fahrenheit.

text: "The area is flat." - is not in the wiki. Replace with the part about lowlands and highlands.

refinement: A typical East European relief. Lowlands dominate the area, with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands. The average temperature in January is -9 Fahrenheit.

text: "-9 Fahrenheit." - add "-7 to" for better accuracy.

refinement: A typical East European relief. Lowlands dominate the area, with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands. The average temperature in January is -7 to -9 Fahrenheit.

answer: The rural settlement of Gordeyevka lies in the Central Russia southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus. The terrain is a typical East European Plain landscape with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, with lowlands dominating. Climate is temperate continental with an average temperature in January of -7 to -9 degrees Celsius. Average annual precipitation varies from 560 to 600 millimeters. As a result of the Chernobyl disaster part of the territory has been contaminated with radionuclides. In 1999, some 226,000 people lived in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

text: "As a result of the Chernobyl disaster part of the territory has been contaminated with radionuclides. In 1999, some 226,000 people lived in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km²." - superfluous information that is not part of the location's geography. Should be deleted.

refinement: The rural settlement of Gordeyevka lies in the Central Russia southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus. The terrain is a typical East European Plain landscape with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, with lowlands dominating. Climate is temperate continental with an average temperature in January of -7 to -9 degrees Celsius. Average annual precipitation varies from 560 to 600 millimeters.

text: "the Central" - remove "the"

refinement: The rural settlement of Gordeyevka lies in Central Russia southwest of Moscow near the border with Belarus. The terrain is a typical East European Plain landscape with alternating rolling hills and shallow lowlands, with lowlands dominating. Climate is temperate continental with an average temperature in January of -7 to -9 degrees Celsius. Average annual precipitation varies from 560 to 600 millimeters.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What ecological problems exist in the territory?

answer: There are several areas within the province of Bryansk Oblast that have been contaminated with radionuclides, particularly Gordeyevsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky, and Novozybkovsky districts.

text: Must mention what caused the contamination. Rewrite the answer by deleting "There are several areas within the province" and replacing it with details about the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

refinement: As a result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides, particularly Gordeyevsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky, and Novozybkovsky districts.

answer: Parts of the territory have been contaminated by radionuclides from the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

answer: After the Chernobyl Disaster radionuclides were spread.

text: "radionuclides were spread." - is too vague. Replace with "radionuclides contaminated part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast"

refinement: After the Chernobyl Disaster radionuclides contaminated part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast.

text: Add the date of the Chernobyl disaster.

refinement: After the Chernobyl Disaster on April 26, 1986 radionuclides contaminated part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast.

answer: Because of the Chernobyl disaster, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides.

answer: Radionuclides have been contamination the region due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Approximately 16% of the Bryansk Oblast's population lives in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

text: "been contamination" - replace with "been contaminating"

refinement: Radionuclides have been contaminating the region due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Approximately 16% of the Bryansk Oblast's population lives in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

text: "Oblast's" - remove the apostrophe s

refinement: Radionuclides have been contaminating the region due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Approximately 16% of the Bryansk Oblast population lives in areas with the contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

text: "the contamination" - replace with "a contamination"

refinement: Radionuclides have been contaminating the region due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Approximately 16% of the Bryansk Oblast population lives in areas with a contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was the Chernobyl disaster?

answer: The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986. It resulted in widespread radioactive contamination of an area in Bryansk Oblast as well as neighboring regions.

text: "was a nuclear accident" - the wiki never expanded on what the Chernobyl disaster was and this was likely pulled from an external source. Rewrite the sentence.

refinement: The Chernobyl disaster occurred on April 26, 1986. It resulted in widespread radioactive contamination of an area in Bryansk Oblast as well as neighboring regions.

answer: It appears the incident retarded development in the region. It may have also contaminated the surrounding areas.

text: "It appears the incident retarded development in the region." - this wasn't implied in the wiki. Rewrite the sentence.

refinement: It was a disaster that happened on April 26, 1986, that left part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast contaminated with radionuclides.

answer: The Chernobyl disaster was the result of a nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986. The accident caused radioactive contamination on a large section of the Bryansk Oblast. Approximately 226,000 people in the region are currently living in areas that have a contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

text: "the result of a nuclear accident" - the wiki never expanded on what the Chernobyl disaster was and this was likely pulled from an external source. Rewrite the sentence.

refinement: The Chernobyl disaster occurred on April 26, 1986. The accident caused radioactive contamination on a large section of the Bryansk Oblast. Approximately 226,000 people in the region are currently living in areas that have a contamination level above 5 Curie/km².

answer: As deduced in the article, it involved radioactive fallout. [Chernobyl  was a nuclear power plant, that had a significant nuclear accident].

text: "Chernobyl  was" - remove the extra space

refinement: As deduced in the article, it involved radioactive fallout. [Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant, that had a significant nuclear accident].

text: "As deduced in the article, it involved radioactive fallout. [Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant, that had a significant nuclear accident]." - this detail is not in the wiki and is likely pulled from an external source. Rewrite to show only what is available in the wiki.

refinement: As a result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides.

answer: Chernobyl was infamous for the great number of people who suffered from massive contamination and death due to high levels of radiation. The disaster included the surrounding villages of the University of Chernobyl and the larger city of Pripyat.

text: "The disaster included the surrounding villages of the University of Chernobyl and the larger city of Pripyat." - this detail is not in the wiki and is likely pulled from an external source. It must be deleted.

refinement: Chernobyl was infamous for the great number of people who suffered from massive contamination and death due to high levels of radiation.

text: "Chernobyl was infamous for the great number of people who suffered from massive contamination and death due to high levels of radiation." - is too general and must reflect details particular to the area of Bryansk Oblast.

refinement: As a result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides (mainly Gordeyevsky, Klimovsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky, Surazhsky, and Novozybkovsky Districts).

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Gordeyevka is a rural municipality in the southwestern part of Bryansk Oblast. The municipality is the center of the Gordeyevsky District and is near the Belarus border. The municipality is home to a number of historical sites, including the Church of the Ascension in the village of Veliky Bor. The Church is a good example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of classicalism. However, due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, parts of the region are contaminated with radionuclides.

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Revise the summary and reduce the sentence count from 5 to 2.

refinement: Gordeyevka is a rural municipality in the southwestern part of Bryansk Oblast near the Belarus border. The municipality is home to several historical sites, including the Church of the Ascension in the village of Veliky Bor, however, due to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, parts of the region are contaminated with radionuclides.

answer: This article is about the rural locality of Gordeyevka in Russia. It is the administrative, transport, trade and economical center of the Gordeyevsky District.

text: "trade and economical" - add a comma

refinement: This article is about the rural locality of Gordeyevka in Russia. It is the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the Gordeyevsky District.

answer: This article details an area called Gordeyevka in the Bryansk Oblast in Russia. It next explains the various issues surrounding this area, predominantly the effects of the Chernobyl disaster.

answer: This post is about Gordeyevka, a rural locality in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. Parts of the territory have been contaminated by radionuclides from the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

answer: Gordeyevka is a rural settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the District. Gordeyevka is home to the Church of the Ascension built in 1809. The church is an interesting example of cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism. The originality is given by the large light quadrangle with a tetrahedral dome, though parts of the building have since been damaged by the Chernobyl disaster.

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Trim down to two sentences.

refinement: Gordeyevka is a rural settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, and the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the District. Gordeyevka is home to the Church of the Ascension built in 1809 and is an interesting example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism.

text: the District" - add "Gordeyevsky"

refinement: Gordeyevka is a rural settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, and the administrative, transport, trade, and economical center of the Gordeyevsky District. Gordeyevka is home to the Church of the Ascension built in 1809 and is an interesting example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism.


split: train

text:
 August 1, 2017

Campaign 2018

2017-08-01T18:52:56-04:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/758/20170801185509001_hd.jpgSarah Huckabee Sanders briefed reporters and responded to questions on a variety of issues. She addressed news reports concerning President Trump’s involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney. She said President Trump weighed in on and offered suggestions but there were no inaccuracies in the statement. Other topics included North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump’s recent comments on police use of force.

Sarah Huckabee Sandersbriefed reporters and responded to questions on a variety of issues. She addressed news reports concerning President… read more __

Sarah Huckabee Sandersbriefed reporters and responded to questions on a variety of issues. She addressed news reports concerning President Trump’s involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney. She said President Trump weighed in on and offered suggestions but there were no inaccuracies in the statement. Other topics included North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump’s recent comments on police use of force. close __

Report Video Issue

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For quick viewing, C-SPAN provides Points of Interest markers __ for some events.

Click the play button and tap the screen to see the __ at the bottom of the player. Tap the __ to see a complete list of all Points of Interest - click on any moment in the list and the video will play.

*This transcript was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.

__Points of Interest

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Click the play button and move your cursor over the video to see the __. Click on the marker to see the description and watch.

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__People in this video

-   Sarah Huckabee Sanders Incoming Press Secretary (Former) White House

__Hosting Organization

-   White House

__Series

-   Campaign 2018

__Featured Clips from This Video

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question: Who briefed the reporters?

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders.

answer: The White House Press Secretary, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, briefed the reporters.

question: Who is Sarah Huckabee Sanders?

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders is the White House Press Secretary.

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders is the current Press Secretary for the White House.

answer: It is not stated.

answer: She is the incoming Press Secretary.

text: The passage does not mention anything about this.

question: What topics did she talk about?

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders addressed North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

text: Trump Jr.'s statement on meeting a Russian attorney is omitted.

refinement: Sarah Huckabee Sanders addressed Trump's involvement with Trump Jr.'s statement on meeting with a Russian attorney, North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

answer: Donald Trump Jr.'s statement, North Korea, the Russia sanctions Bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

answer: North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

text: The Trump Jr. statement on meeting with a Russian attorney is omitted.

refinement: Trump's involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on meeting a Russian attorney, North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

answer: She talked about North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

text: Trump Jr.'s statement is omitted.

refinement: She talked about Trump's involvement with Trump Jr.'s statement on meeting with a Russian attorney, North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump's recent comments on police use of force.

question: Why did Trump meet a Russian attorney?

answer: Donald Trump Jr. met with a Russian attorney in June 2016 to discuss potentially damaging information about Hillary Clinton.

answer: There is no definitive answer to this question, as the meeting between Donald Trump Jr. and the Russian attorney is still under investigation. However, it is speculated that the meeting was to discuss potentially damaging information on Hillary Clinton.

answer: Trump Jr. met with a Russian attorney to get dirt on Hillary Clinton.

answer: It is not stated.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The text is a transcript of a video detailing a briefing by Sarah Huckabee Sanders, in which she talked about various issues surrounding President Trump and foreign policy.

text: "Report Video Issue" shows that the passage is a transcript of a video detailing.

answer: Sarah Huckabee Sanders briefed reporters and responded to questions on a variety of issues. She addressed news reports concerning President Trump’s involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney. She said President Trump weighed in on and offered suggestions but there were no inaccuracies in the statement. Other topics included North Korea, the Russia sanctions bill, and President Trump’s recent comments on police use of force.

answer: White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders briefed reporters on a variety of topics, including news reports on President Trump's involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney.

answer: This article is about a briefing by Sarah Huckabee Sanders, the incoming press secretary, in which she responds to questions about President Trump's involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney.

text: The passage does not state that she is the incoming press secretary.

refinement: This article is about a briefing by Sarah Huckabee Sanders, in which she responds to questions about President Trump's involvement with Donald Trump Jr.'s statement on his meeting with a Russian attorney.


text:
[How to Choose a 3PL Logistics Provider (Top 5 Factors)]
Selecting the right LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER can be a tough experience for companies. Don’t shortcut the process though, because the reputation and success of your company may soon depend on your logistics provider’s reliability.

Avoid a potential logistics nightmare by using these 5 elements in selecting your perfect logistics provider (such as a third-party logistics company, or “3PL”).

1. CAPABILITIES

A prospective logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company’s needs. Just because a provider is a rock star in one area, it’s not a forgone conclusion that they can service your firm properly.

Also, they should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. For instance, EDI-capability may not be a requirement for you today, but what if it does become required for you in 12-24 months? Do you really want to unwind all the onboarding and integration work invested in a new relationship? Dig a little deeper and ask:

-   Are truckload lanes repetitive, originating from a limited number of shipping points and terminating to a relatively limited number of consignees?
-   Are shipments time-sensitive and/or do they require drop trailers? A mid-sized, asset-based carrier would meet these needs without getting sidetracked by their exceedingly large list of clients.
-   Are truckload lanes sporadic? Is there live loading/unloading or do shipments come from a high number of origins that terminate to a high number of receivers? If so, a 3PL provider or broker might be a better fit.
-   Do you require access to dedicated trucking assets and 3PL? A logistics provider that possesses both assets and a 3PL division may be able to offer optimal solutions.

If a provider claims to possess all the capabilities “under the sun” but your organization requires only a few core services… be wary of a company that is a “jack of all trades” and master of none.

2. CUSTOMER SERVICE

Does the logistics provider prioritize customer service, responsiveness, fluid lines of communication and effective problem solving? These elements can be difficult to ascertain early on but do your homework.

Virtually all companies claim to have excellent customer service, but how do you know? You ask their customers. Ask for references, preferably from companies in similar industries and needs. Good customer service is no accident. If the customer service is consistently excellent, it’s likely a result of a well-documented and repeated process that will continue over the years.

[Find a Logistic Provider with a Great Safety Rating]Another yield of good process execution is safety. It is uncommon for a logistics provider to achieve excellent results in customer service and poor results in safety or vice versa. It can be deduced that a safe logistics provider, probably provides good customer service.

3. SAFETY RECORD

Due to the ever-changing landscape of safety regulations, it is imperative that you select a carrier with a strong safety record. A review of safety ratings and statistics is available to the public here. Also, see how we value safety.

4. COMPANY STABILITY

Whether your supply chain is simple or complex, select a logistics provider with overall company stability. Top suppliers are consistent suppliers. Quality can be jeopardized as companies experience rapid change. How long has the company been around? (Since 1958, we’ve been saving time and money for our customers with logistics services.)

Furthermore, if one high-liability event occurs and your provider cannot withstand the fallout, the liability often shifts, in effect, to you the shipper. This concern can be eased if the provider’s “word”, name and reputation has remained intact through decades of market turbulence and economic uncertainty.

5. COMPANY REPUTATION

In a new business arrangement, you can rest assured that at some point the relationship will be tested. Often it as at this juncture, that the character of the service provider’s leadership will be revealed.

Before it is too late, investigate whether the provider is likely to respond with integrity and honor. Time will reveal whether the firm has a good, bad or ugly reputation with customers, suppliers, and employees.

-   How do they treat their suppliers and employees?
-   Are they an active and positive force within their community?
-   What type of reviews do they have online?
-   What are the consistent themes that appear again and again in their marketing material?
-   How long have they been in business?

The answers will go a long way to determining how the provider will be as a supplier and partner.

BONUS: Double-check all elements if a supplier’s price is significantly lower than the market.

-   What good is a cheap price if a provider doesn’t deliver consistently or provide an adequate response in the event of mishap?
-   What good is a cheap price if service failures cause you to lose revenue?
-   What good is a cheap price if your team spends countless hours resolving claims and problems?

Think about _THE TOTAL COST_ associated with selecting a long-term solution provider. The provider that offers you the overall lowest cost of working together is the partner you want around for years to come.

As we’ve discussed, finding the right logistics provider can be a daunting task. Use these 5 elements to narrow the field of applicants. We’ve been providing logistics services in the USA since 1958 and would be happy to figure out how we can help you improve your business. CONTACT US TO GET STARTED!

ABOUT BR WILLIAMS:

With humble beginnings back in 1958, BR Williams has grown into an award-winning supply chain management company servicing all 48 contiguous states and Canada. With facilities in Mobile AL; Piedmont, AL; Tallahassee, FL; Anniston, AL (two facilities); Eastaboga, AL; and Oxford, AL, B.R. Williams’ distribution network supports over 50 customers and another 2,550 in the Trucking and Logistics divisions. Industries served include the following: automotive, defense, home improvement, education, food raw materials, textiles, chemical, industrial packaging, metals (finished goods), highway safety and more.

TO DISCUSS YOUR DISTRIBUTION, LOGISTICS, OR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OPTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT US ONLINE OR CALL (800) 523-7963

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how to choose a logistics provider?

answer: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. A prospective logistics provider should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. For instance, EDI-capability may not be a requirement for you today, but what if it does become required for you in 12-24 months? Do you really want to unwind all the onboarding and integration work invested in a new relationship? Dig a little deeper and ask: Are truckload lanes repetitive, originating from a limited number of shipping points and terminating to a relatively limited number of consignees? Are shipments time-sensitive and/or do they require drop trailers? A mid-sized, asset-based carrier would meet these needs without getting sidetracked by their exceedingly large list of clients. Are truckload lanes sporadic? Is there live loading/unloading or do shipments come from a high number of origins that terminate to a high number of receivers? If so, a 3PL provider or broker might be a better fit. Do you require access to dedicated trucking assets and 3PL? A logistics provider that possesses both assets and a 3PL division may be able to offer optimal solutions.

text: There are unnecessary pieces of information in the response

refinement: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. A prospective logistics provider should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements.

text: The response is missing several key pieces of information.

refinement: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. A prospective logistics provider should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. The logistics provider must prioritize customer service, responsiveness, and effective problem solving. The provider must have a strong safety record and be internally stable. They should also have a solid reputation.

answer: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. They should also have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. The logistics provider should prioritize customer service, responsiveness, fluid lines of communication, and effective problem solving. The company should have a strong safety record and overall company stability. The company's reputation should be considered as well.

answer: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. A prospective logistics provider should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. For instance, EDI-capability may not be a requirement for you today, but what if it does become required for you in 12-24 months? Do you really want to unwind all the onboarding and integration work invested in a new relationship? Dig a little deeper and ask: Are truckload lanes repetitive, originating from a limited number of shipping points and terminating to a relatively limited number of consignees? Are shipments time-sensitive and/or do they require drop trailers? A mid-sized, asset-based carrier would meet these needs without getting sidetracked by their exceedingly large list of clients. Are truckload lanes sporadic? Is there live loading/unloading or do shipments come from a high number of origins that terminate to a high number of receivers? If so, a 3PL provider or broker might be a better fit. Do you require access to dedicated trucking assets and 3PL? A logistics provider that possesses both assets and a 3PL division may be able to offer optimal solutions.

text: Same as response 1

refinement: A logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. A prospective logistics provider should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. The logistics provider must prioritize customer service, responsiveness, and effective problem solving. The provider must have a strong safety record and be internally stable. They should also have a solid reputation.

answer: This passage tells us how the author thinks the reader would be able to pick the right logistics provider for their business. Guidelines include checking for the capabilities of a potential employer, the safety rating, their company stability and overall company reputation.

text: The highlighted sentence is unnecessary.

refinement: Guidelines include checking for the capabilities of a potential employer, the safety rating, their company stability and overall company reputation.

text: The response is missing one of the guidelines stated in the article.

refinement: Guidelines include checking for the capabilities of a potential employer, their level of customer service, the safety rating, their company stability and overall company reputation.

answer: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list, in short, a logistics provider must be a safe one and be able to handle customer service, as well as possible mishaps in the supply chain. Good company reputation is also important.

text: The highlighted portion is a run-on sentence and can be broken into two, more grammatically correct sentences.

refinement: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list. A logistics provider must also be a safe one and be able to handle customer service, as well as possible mishaps in the supply chain. Good company reputation is also important.

text: There are some repetitive statements in the response.

refinement: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list. A logistics provider must also have a good safety record, and should be able to handle possible mishaps in the supply chain. Good company reputation is also important.

answer: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list, in short, a logistics provider must be a safe one and be able to handle customer service, as well as possible mishaps in the supply chain. However, choosing a logistics provider simply on price might prove risky since providers that are low in price might be cheap in other areas, such as customer service, response time and adheres to the strictest of safety regulations.

text: The highlighted portion of the sentence is a run-on sentence.

refinement: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list. A logistics provider must be a safe one and be able to handle customer service, as well as possible mishaps in the supply chain. However, choosing a logistics provider simply on price might prove risky since providers that are low in price might be cheap in other areas, such as customer service, response time and adheres to the strictest of safety regulations.

text: The highlighted sentence is unnecessary

refinement: Try to avoid shortcuts and instead choose a logistics provider carefully. Briefly, this means the logistics provider must specialize in the service areas that meet the company’s needs, must have the ability to provide both short term and long term services, and customer service is number one in the priority list. A logistics provider must be a safe one and be able to handle customer service, as well as possible mishaps in the supply chain.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about BR Williams?

answer: BR Williams is a logistics company. Founded in 1958, it has grown into an award-winning supply chain management company servicing 48 contiguous states and Canada. They have facilities in Mobile, Piedmont, Tallahassee, Anniston, Eastaboga, and Oxford in Alabama. They serve over 50 clients and have a distribution network. They have different divisions in transportation and logistics, serving customers such as industrial packaging and metal (finished goods).

answer: BR Williams is a supply chain management company that has been providing logistics services in the United States since 1958. With facilities in Mobile AL; Piedmont, AL; Tallahassee, FL; Anniston, AL (two facilities); Eastaboga, AL; and Oxford, AL, B.R. Williams' distribution network supports over 50 customers and another 2,550 in the Trucking and Logistics divisions.

text: The response should include the industries that BR Williams is involved in.

refinement: BR Williams is a supply chain management company that has been providing logistics services in the United States since 1958. With facilities in Mobile AL; Piedmont, AL; Tallahassee, FL; Anniston, AL (two facilities); Eastaboga, AL; and Oxford, AL, B.R. Williams' distribution network supports over 50 customers and another 2,550 in the Trucking and Logistics divisions. BR Williams serves a variety of industries, including automotive, defense, home improvement, food raw materials, textiles, highway safety, and more.

answer: BR Williams is an award-winning supply chain management company servicing all 48 contiguous states and Canada. They have facilities in Mobile, Piedmont, Tallahassee, Anniston, Eastaboga, and Oxford. They support over 50 customers and another 2,550 in the Trucking and Logistics divisions. They serve automotive, defense, home improvement, education, food raw materials, textiles, chemical, industrial packaging, metals (finished goods), highway safety, and more.

answer: BR Williams is an award-winning supply chain management company providing logistics services in the United States. They originated as a humble shipping company back in 1958 and grew into a company offering over 50 clients a pallet program to transport their products. They are currently located in six spots in the country- Mobile AL, Piedmont, AL, Tallahassee, FL, Anniston, AL (twice) and Eastaboga, AL-and have done work with some of the largest automotive, defense, home improvement, education, food raw materials, textiles, chemical, industrial packaging, metals (finished goods), highway safety, chemicals and wastewater sectors.

text: The highlighted portion is being conflated with the fact that there are two facilities in Anniston.

refinement: BR Williams is an award-winning supply chain management company providing logistics services in the United States. They originated as a humble shipping company back in 1958 and grew into a company offering over 50 clients a pallet program to transport their products. They are currently located in six spots in the country- Mobile AL, Piedmont, AL, Tallahassee, FL, Anniston, AL (two facilities) and Eastaboga, AL-and have done work with some of the largest automotive, defense, home improvement, education, food raw materials, textiles, chemical, industrial packaging, metals (finished goods), highway safety, chemicals and wastewater sectors.

answer: BR Williams is an award-winning supply chain management company providing logistics services in the United States. They originated as a humble shipping company back in 1958 and grew into a company offering over 50 clients a pallet program to transport their products. According to the company website, BR Williams provides distribution services in all 48 contiguous states and Canada. The company supports customers such as highway safety, defense and education, and food raw materials. Manufacturers supported by BR Williams include automotive, defense, home improvements and more.

answer: BR Williams is a logistics company. Founded in 1958, it has grown into an award-winning supply chain management company servicing all 48 contiguous states and Canada. They have facilities in Mobile, Piedmont, Tallahassee, Anniston, Eastaboga, and Oxford in Alabama. They serve over 50 clients and have a distribution network. They have different divisions in transportation and logistics, serving customers such as industrial packaging and metal (finished goods).

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the BR Williams' prices?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The text says that B.R. Williams' prices are significantly lower than the market.

text: The passage does not say anything about BR Williams' prices.

answer: The answer would be to look at the text for theirrates, though only the text does not say if they are the lowest.

text: The passage does not say anything about BR Williams' prices.

answer: The article states that BR Williams' prices are significantly lower than the market, but they provide an adequate response in the event of mishap.

text: The passage does not say anything about BR Williams' prices.

answer: The article does not discuss prices.

answer: No answer


text:
NASA's highly experimental Earth Observing-1 satellite mission was supposed to last just a year. It did that, and then survived 16 more---all the while testing NASA's riskiest, oddball ideas. It's been a proving ground for everything from multi- and hyperspectral imagers, to a self-piloting AI. But EO-1 is finally out of fuel, and at the end of the month the craft's operating team will close up shop.

Already out of fuel, EO-1 itself will continue to slowly shuffle off its orbital coil until it burns up in Earth's atmosphere. Such is the life of an expendable spacecraft. And while that may make EO-1's team a little misty eyed, funding these high risk, ¯\_(ツ)_/¯—reward missions---and letting them thrive or burn up as they may---is all part of the life cycle for innovative orbital science.

EO-1 got its start in 2000 as part of NASA's now-defunct New Millennium program, designed to develop and test bleeding edge space tech. "We asked scientists from every department for their 30-year vision," says former NASA Chief Scientist Ellen Stofan. "And they told us what technology we needed to invest in."

EO-1's primary objective was to test the the Advanced Land Imager, the forebear of instruments now on Earth-observing Landsat missions. But it also carries that technology's likely replacement: Hyperion, a hyperspectral imager that sees over 220 spectral bands. (For context, NOAA's newest, fanciest weather satellite only gets 16.) "When there was a methane leak in Aliso Canyon, Hyperion could see it in the atmosphere," says Steven Chien, head of the artificial intelligence group at JPL. "And we could process those images onboard."

Which brings us to EO-1's arguably most revolutionary feature: the autonomous science experiment, which let EO-1's onboard computer decide what images to take and when. According to Chien, this is a pretty big leap forward in terms of spacecraft autonomy.

Before EO-1's AI flew the craft for well over a decade, the longest an AI had flown a spacecraft was 48 hours. "When I tell people about the mission, even inside NASA or the Department of Defense, they always ask me when it's going to fly," Chien says. "And I have to tell them, 'No, it's been flying for years.'"

Not only was EO-1 self-piloting and capable of onboard science processing, it had a autonomous scheduling function that helped it decide what to target, and even when to send that information to its humans. Scheduling is one of satellite-tending's most important jobs, meeting the huge demand for satellite data means efficiently partitioning each sensor's work day, and making sure you're pointing your instruments at the most vital targets. Plus, it was part of a sensor web of interlinked satellites that can delegate targets or alert one another when their systems detected something of interest---in EO-1's case, that was usually floods, fires, and volcanic eruptions.

The EO-1's on-board computer was often more efficient than the satellite's human operators, cutting down its operational costs 100-fold. Ashley Davies, a vulcanologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, tells a story about a colleague reaching out during an eruption of the notoriously dangerous Nyamuragira volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, hoping that EO-1 might be able to spot the lava vent, which would help them determine which communities would need to be evacuated. EO-1 had already snapped a picture the day before, a performance it repeated with the equally notorious Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull.

So why retire it at all, especially when people have come to depend on it in a disaster? "A lot of satellites have redundant strings. We only have one of everything," says EO-1 mission director Daniel Mandl.

But EO-1's impermanence is actually a good thing---it's evidence of NASA being able to deliver results when going way out on a limb. That goes way beyond rogue volcanoes on Earth. "It's a template for monitoring other planets," Davies says. "On Io, volcanic activity is unpredictable, and on the next orbit, you've missed it. It doesn't have to be just volcanoes, either. It could be fast-moving storms on Jupiter." Satellites don't have to sleep, and besides, waiting for instructions to be relayed to Earth and back again for creates significant lag time.

"In normal operations, you never get to try new things. It's so expensive, you don't want to mess anything up," Mandl says. "But when you have a platform to test things, a whole area of space technology evolves faster." According to Chien, this is especially true of artificial intelligence, which NASA long thought was too risky for its hypothetical reward. EO-1 changed that---the Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

Which is why it's too bad the New Millennium Program lost its funding in 2009. "I was really sorry when the program ended," Stofan says. "Everyone shares this frustration." But while NASA's budget inches ever downward, it's hard to think this far ahead, or put dollars down on a gamble when you're trying to keep the lights on. But you might think that EO-1's legacy would encourage NASA to roll the dice.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the equipment on EO-1?

answer: EO-1 is a satellite that has been used to test NASA's riskiest and oddball ideas. It has a hyperspectral imager that sees over 220 spectral bands. It also has an autonomous science experiment, which lets EO-1's onboard computer decide what images to take and when.

answer: EO-1 was a highly experimental Geostationary Earth Observing-1 satellite mission that launched in 2000 headed by Daniel Mandl. EO-1 was the first of it's kind for space-operations in basic AI that allowed onboard image scanning and adaptation. Because of this, it boasted some major space portfolio improvements on-demand. Besides at least seven different areas of research, it also served as a link for overlapping satellites to pass one another or trade data, planning targets and passing them one another.

answer: EO-1 is a satellite that has a hyperspectral imager. The Hyperion is a hyperspectral imager that sees over 220 spectral bands. It's also a self-piloting AI. The EO-1's on-board computer was often more efficient than the satellite's human operators, cutting down its operational costs 100-fold. The autonomous science experiment let EO-1's onboard computer decide what images to take and when.

answer: EO-1 has three key sets of equipment: the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), the Hyperion hyperspectral imaging satellite, and an autonomous science experiment.

answer: EO-1 is a satellite that has a hyperspectral imager. The Hyperion is a hyperspectral imager that sees over 220 spectral bands. It's also a self-piloting AI. The EO-1's on-board computer was often more efficient than the satellite's human operators, cutting down its operational costs 100-fold.

answer: EO-1 was a highly experimental Geostationary Earth Observing-1 satellite mission that launched in 2000 headed by Daniel Mandl. EO-1 was the first of its kind in space operations for basic AI that allowed onboard image scanning and adaptation. Because of this, it boasted some major space portfolio improvements on-demand. Besides at least seven different areas of research, it also served as a link for overlapping satellites to pass one another or trade data, planning targets and passing them one another.

answer: EO-1 is a satellite that has been used to test NASA's riskiest and oddball ideas. It has a hyperspectral imager that sees over 220 spectral bands. It also has an autonomous science experiment, which lets EO-1's onboard computer decide what images to take and when. The computer is more efficient than the human operators.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about NASA's New Millennium program?

answer: It was an orbital science mission meant to develop and test bleeding edge space tech, around 2000. It launched the Advanced land Imaging technology and the subsequent hyperspectral imaging system.

answer: The New Millennium program was a NASA program that was designed to develop and test bleeding edge space tech. It was part of the New Millennium program that EO-1 was designed and tested. The program lost its funding in 2009.

answer: It was an orbital science mission meant to develop and test bleeding edge space tech, around 2000. It was a precursor for the current Earth-observing satellite missions. It launched the Advanced land Imaging technology and the subsequent hyperspectral imaging system.

answer: NASA's New Millennium program was created to develop and test bleeding edge space tech. It launched the EO-1 satellite in 2000. The primary objective of the mission was to test the Advanced Land Imager, the forebear of instruments now on Earth-observing Landsat missions. EO-1's AI was able to fly the craft for over a decade. However, the program lost its funding in 2009.

answer: The New Millennium Program helped develop and test bleeding edge technology. It was part of a research collaboration between several different employees within different departments in NASA.

answer: The New Millennium Program helped develop and test bleeding edge technology. It was part of a research collaboration between several different employees within different departments in NASA. The New Millennium program was also designed to develop scientific advancements that would improve life on Earth as it evolves. Unfortunately, the New Millennium program lost funding in 2009 and was terminated.

text: This sentence does not seem necessary as this was not mentioned in the original text.

refinement: The New Millennium Program helped develop and test bleeding edge technology. It was part of a research collaboration between several different employees within different departments in NASA. Unfortunately, the New Millennium program lost funding in 2009 and was terminated.

answer: The New Millennium program was a NASA program that was designed to develop and test bleeding edge space tech. It was part of the New Millennium program that EO-1 was designed and tested.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the future of AI in spacecraft?

answer: The EO-1 was the first artificial intelligence to fly a spacecraft for well over a decade. It was also the first AI to have its own autonomous scheduling function. In the future, AI will be found in more spacecraft, like the Mars 2020 rover. It will be used for monitoring other planets.

text: The first two sentences are irrelevant to the future of AI in spacecraft.

refinement: In the future, AI will be found in more spacecraft, like the Mars 2020 rover. It will be used for monitoring other planets.

answer: After NASA's EO-1, the Mars 2020 rover will include AI instruments. However, there can still be farther-reaching places, such as Io and Jupiter, where there would be a lot of volcanic activity.

answer: It's unclear whether or not NASA's E0-1 makes up the template for monitoring other planets when it comes to needing to fully employ AI. However, the Mars 2020 rover will include AI instruments. However, there can still be farther-reaching places, such as Io and Jupiter, where there would be a lot of volcanic activity.

text: The spacecraft's name is EO-1 not E01.

refinement: It's unclear whether or not NASA's EO-1 makes up the template for monitoring other planets when it comes to needing to fully employ AI. However, the Mars 2020 rover will include AI instruments. However, there can still be farther-reaching places, such as Io and Jupiter, where there would be a lot of volcanic activity.

answer: The EO-1 was the first artificial intelligence to fly a spacecraft for well over a decade. It was also the first AI to have its own autonomous scheduling function. In the future, AI will be found in more spacecraft, like the Mars 2020 rover.

answer:
The EO-1's on-board computer was often more efficient than the satellite's human operators, cutting down its operational costs 100-fold. Ashley Davies, a vulcanologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, tells a story about a colleague reaching out during an eruption of the notoriously dangerous Nyamuragira volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, hoping that EO-1 might be able to spot the lava vent, which would help them determine which communities would need to be evacuated. EO-1 had already snapped a picture the day before, a performance it repeated with the equally notorious Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull.

NASA long thought AI was too risky for its hypothetical reward, but EO-1 changed that. The Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

text: The first paragraph does not answer the question.

refinement: NASA long thought AI was too risky for its hypothetical reward, but EO-1 changed that. The Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

answer: According to Chien, this is especially true of artificial intelligence, which NASA long thought was too risky for its hypothetical reward. EO-1 changed that - the Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

text: "According to Chien, this is especially true of artificial intelligence" does not refer to anything in the response.

refinement: According to Chien NASA long thought artificial intelligence was too risky for its hypothetical reward. EO-1 changed that - the Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

answer:
The EO-1's on-board computer was often more efficient than the satellite's human operators, cutting down its operational costs 100-fold. Ashley Davies, a vulcanologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, tells a story about a colleague reaching out during an eruption of the notoriously dangerous Nyamuragira volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, hoping that EO-1 might be able to spot the lava vent, which would help them determine which communities would need to be evacuated. EO-1 had already snapped a picture the day before, a performance it repeated with the equally notorious Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull.

NASA long thought AI was too risky for its hypothetical reward, but EO-1 changed that. The Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.

text: The first paragraph does not answer the question.

refinement: NASA long thought AI was too risky for its hypothetical reward, but EO-1 changed that. The Mars 2020 rover will have a number of autonomous systems.


text:
[Early printed sample of American leaves made by Joseph Breintnall in the 1730s] JOSEPH BREINTNALL (died 1746) was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735–1738. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin. An early member of Franklin's Junto, Breintnall co-authored a series of letters with Franklin, under the name of “The Busy-Body.” The 32 letters were printed serially in Andrew Bradford's newspaper _The American Weekly Mercury_ in 1729.

Life and work

Breintnall was a copyist and a merchant who opened a public house called “The Hen and Chickens”. He was married under the care of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1723. His observations of the aurora borealis and his detailed account of being bitten by a rattlesnake circulated within the Royal Society in London through his correspondence with the Quaker botanist and Fellow of the Royal Society, Peter Collinson.[1][2] Breintnall also experimented in printing techniques, especially that of Nature printing. His name appears several times in the records of Philadelphia Monthly Meeting of Friends.[3] Breintnall was sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735–1738. He died in 1746 and left no will.

In his _Autobiography_ Benjamin Franklin, writes that Breintnall was,

First Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia (1731–1746)

Breintnall was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia, a position he held from the company's founding in 1731, until his untimely drowning in the Delaware River on March 16, 1746. The Library Company is America’s first successful lending library and one of its oldest cultural institutions. Benjamin Franklin founded the organization as a subscription library supported by its patrons, who were ostensibly shareholders. Breintnall agreed to support the enterprise as its Secretary. Franklin took over as Secretary when Breintnall died.[4] In the Company's meeting minutes from 1738, Breintnall added with satisfaction that, On May 5, 1746, after Breintnall's death, the directors of the Library Company, “took into Consideration, that Joseph Breintnall, late Secretary, had faithfully served the Company Yearly, without any adequate Recompence for the same, in Gratitude for which, they unanimously voted a Present of £15 to his Widow [Esther Parker] for the Use of his Family; and that his Son George shall have the free Use of Books in the Library during his Life."[5]

Sheriff of Philadelphia (1735–1738)

In 1735 Joseph Breintnall was assigned to the position of “High Sheriff for the City and County of Philadelphia,” bound under the authority of George II of Great Britain. [6] He served as Sheriff of Philadelphia for three terms, from 1735–1738.

Nature Printing and Other Contributions to the Study of Natural History

[“Rattle-Snake Herb,” by Joseph Breintnall. Printed in Benjamin Franklin's _Poor Richard's Almanack_] While some sources state that Benjamin Franklin invented Nature printing as a way of deterring counterfeiters from copying the currency he was contracted to print, it is more accurate to say that Franklin applied the results of Joseph Breintnall's early attempts to render, in scientific detail, the diversity of American botanical life. Breintnall worked with the botanist John Bartram in the early 1730s to collect samples of plants in and around the city of Philadelphia. Rather than flattening and drying leaves in order to preserve individual specimens, Breintnall experimented with making prints of fresh leaves by inking the specimens and placing them between sheets of folded paper before running through a press. While the idea of making inked impressions of leaves was a popular “craft” activity of middle-class women at the time, Breintnall is credited with applying the practice in a scientific setting.[7] Breintnall then shipped these highly detailed prints to English naturalists like Peter Collinson. Later, Franklin and Breintnall worked to take plaster casts of various plant leaves in order to produce copper plates of the specimens. Franklin returned to the technique in 1737 in an effort to thwart counterfeiters of paper money bills. These early Nature prints were sent to English naturalists who were increasingly curious about American plant biology. Together they sent nature prints which were printed directly from inked leaves to English naturalists.[8] In the year of Breintnall's death, his wife, Esther Parker, donated two volumes of leaf prints compiled by her husband to the Library Company.

In 1737 Breintnall wrote an article about “Rattlesnake Herb”' for Franklin's _Poor Richard's Almanack_[9] Franklin sold around 10,000 copies of this _Almanack_. Printed near the article is an image of a leaf. The image differs from the earlier prints and was made by a metal casting, rather than an inked specimen. According to the text, the image is of a kind of goldenrod.

Breintnall worked with Franklin to verify the results of an experiment designed to ascertain the relationship between color and energy absorption from the sun.[10]

Writing

Between 1728 and 1729, Breintnall collaborated with Benjamin Franklin on a series of periodical essays written under the pseudonym “The Busy-Body.” The 32 article series, most of which were written by Breintnall, were printed in _The American Weekly Mercury_, an early American newspaper founded and published by Andrew Bradford.[11]

Breintnall was also an amateur poet. His most notable work is his “Tribute To John Bartram” (~1743). In 1825, James Madison, who mistakenly thought that the poem was written by Benjamin Franklin, wrote that the “Tribute To John Bartram,” “merits preservation, as well on account of its author, as of its moral improvement on the original ode.”[12]

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title: Joseph Breintnall

question: Who was Joseph Breintnall?

answer: He was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist who was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738. He is most remembered for his collaboration with Benjamin Franklin on a series of essays, as well as his contributions to the study of natural history through his experiments with Nature printing.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735–1738. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin.

answer: An influential American merchant and amateur naturalist.

question: What was Joseph Breintnall's profession?

answer: He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia & the sheriff of Philadelphia.

text: The text indicates Breintnall was not paid for his work as Secretary of the Library Company, so I wouldn't list that as his profession

text: He was the sheriff of Philadelphia for a few years, but he was a merchant and copyist before that

refinement: He was a merchant and copyist, and later the sheriff of Philadelphia.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was a merchant and amateur naturalist.

text: He was also the sheriff of Philadelphia later in life

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was a merchant and amateur naturalist, and later in life he served as the sheriff of Philadelphia.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was a merchant and amateur naturalist.

text: He was also the sheriff of Philadelphia later in life

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was a merchant and amateur naturalist, and later in life he served as the sheriff of Philadelphia.

answer: He was a merchant and amateur naturalist.

text: He was also the sheriff of Philadelphia later in life

refinement: He was a merchant and amateur naturalist, and later in life he served as the sheriff of Philadelphia.

question: When was Joseph Breintnall sheriff of Philadelphia?

answer: 1735-1738

answer: Joseph Breintnall was sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738.

answer: From 1735 to 1738

answer: Joseph Breintnall was sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738.

question: Who is Joseph Breintnall usually remembered alongside with?

answer: Joseph Breintnall is usually remembered alongside Benjamin Franklin.

answer: His friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin.

answer: With his friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin

answer: Joseph Breintnall is usually remembered alongside his friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735–1738. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his friend and collaborator, Benjamin Franklin. An early member of Franklin's Junto, Breintnall co-authored a series of letters with Franklin, under the name of “The Busy-Body.” The 32 letters were printed serially in Andrew Bradford's newspaper _The American Weekly Mercury_ in 1729.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738. He died in 1746 and left no will.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential merchant and amateur naturalist in the 18th century. He was sheriff of Philadelphia and the first secretary of the Library Company. Breintnall collaborated with Benjamin Franklin and is remembered for co-writing letters.

text: Note that he co-wrote the letters with Franklin

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was an influential merchant and amateur naturalist in the 18th century. He was sheriff of Philadelphia and the first secretary of the Library Company. Breintnall collaborated with Benjamin Franklin and is remembered for co-writing letters with him.

text: State when he was sheriff of Philadelphia

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was an influential merchant and amateur naturalist in the 18th century. He was sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735 to 1738 and he was the first secretary of the Library Company. Breintnall collaborated with Benjamin Franklin and is remembered for co-writing letters with him.

answer: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738. He is most remembered for his contributions to early American printing techniques, especially for his work with Benjamin Franklin on the series of essays known as "The Busy-Body" and for his poem "Tribute To John Bartram."

text: The essays weren't called "The Busy-Body;" that was the name of the author

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738. He is most remembered for his contributions to early American printing techniques, especially for his work with Benjamin Franklin on the series of essays under the name "The Busy-Body" and for his poem "Tribute To John Bartram."

text: His essays and poem are not examples of his contributions to printing techniques; replace "especially for" with "and for"

refinement: Joseph Breintnall was an influential American merchant and amateur naturalist. He was the first Secretary of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the sheriff of Philadelphia from 1735-1738. He is most remembered for his contributions to early American printing techniques, and for his work with Benjamin Franklin on the series of essays under the name "The Busy-Body" and for his poem "Tribute To John Bartram."

text: "Breintnall also experimented in printing techniques, especially that of Nature printing." supports the claim that he was "remembered for his contributions to early American printing techniques"


text:
BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

History

The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia.

Buleliana was among the municipalities of sufficient importance in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis and latter Byzacena to become a suffragan diocese in the papal sway. The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam.

While Mesnage assigns three bishops to the see, other authors dispute two assignations :

-   Pancratius, Donatist (heretical) dissident in (393), alternatively assigned to the diocese of Baliana
-   Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism
-   Bonifacius, alternatively assigned to the diocese of Bavagaliana.

Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored in 1989 as titular bishopric of Buleliana (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Bulelianen(sis) (Latin adjective) as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:[2]

-   José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde (Spain) (1991.11.26 – 2017.01.20) as Apostolic Vicar of Yurimaguas (Peru) (1991.11.26 – 2016.12.17) and on emeritate.
-   Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân (2017.05.02 – ...), as Auxiliary Bishop of Diocese of Xuân Lộc (Vietnam) (2017.05.02 – ...).

[1] Titular Episcopal See of Buleliana, Tunisia at catholic-hierarchy.org.

[2] Titular Episcopal See of Buleliana Tunisia at GCatholic.org.

title: Buleliana

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Buleliana?

answer: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in ancient Roman North Africa.

text: Another important fact about Buleliana is that it's a Latin Catholic titular see. That is missing in the answer.

refinement: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in ancient Roman North Africa. It's currently a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: It was a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa and now remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa.

text: Another important fact about Buleliana is that it's a Latin Catholic titular see. That is missing in the answer.

refinement: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa. It's currently a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: Buleliana was a city in  Roman Tunisia.

text: The answer misses both crucial aspects of Buleliana.

refinement: Buleliana was a city and bishopric in Roman Tunisia. It remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: Roman: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

text: In Tunisia: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

answer: Buleliana is a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa. It is located in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia and was a suffragan diocese in the papal sway.

text: The answer misses the fact that Buleliana is a Latin Catholic titular see.

refinement: Buleliana is a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa. It is located in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia and was a suffragan diocese in the papal sway. It remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: Roman: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

text: In Tunisia: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

text: Diocese: "Byzacena to become a suffragan diocese in the papal sway"

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where was Buleliana located?

answer: Buleliana was located in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia.

text: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

answer: Buleliana was located in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia.

text: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

answer: Buleliana was located in northern Tunisia.

text: The answer should include the full information known about Buleliana's location.

refinement: Buleliana was located in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia.

text: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

answer: The exact location is not known but it is known that it was in the Sahel region of northern Turkey.

text: The answer reports the wrong country.

refinement: The exact location is not known but it is known that it was in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia.

text: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

answer: The exact location of this town in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia is not known.

text: The phrasing is weird and makes the answer unnecessarily confusing.

refinement: The exact location is not known. It's in the Sahel region of northern Tunisia

text: "The exact location of the town is not known but it was in the Sahel region of northern, Tunisia."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When did Buleliana stop being a bishopric?

answer: After the seventh century.

text: "The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam."

answer: Buleliana ceased to be a bishopric sometime in the 7th century.

text: "The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam."

answer: Buleliana stopped being a bishopric in the 7th century.

text: "The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam."

answer: Buleliana stopped being a bishopric in the 7th century with the advent of Islam.

text: "The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam."

answer: Around the 7th century with the advent of Islam.

text: "The town remained the seat of a Christian bishopric through the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine era [1] but faded like most after the 7th century advent of Islam."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

List the three bishops of the see in Buleliana.

answer: Buleliana was known for its Christian bishopric, having one bishop of the seat at a time. Pucatius, Donatist dissident, Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by King Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom, and Bonifacius, alternatively assigned to the diocese of Bavagaliana.

text: The first sentence is irrelevant.

refinement: Pucatius, Donatist dissident, Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by King Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom, and Bonifacius, alternatively assigned to the diocese of Bavagaliana.

text: Two of the listed bishops are disputed. They may belong to other dioceses, but we know another two to put into the list.

refinement: Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by King Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom. José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde as Apostolic Vicar of Yurimaguas and on emeritate. Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân as Auxiliary Bishop of Diocese of Xuân Lộc.

text: Flavianus: "Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism"

answer: Pancratius, Flavianus, and Bonifacius.

text: Two of the listed bishops are disputed. They may belong to other dioceses, but we know another two to put into the list.

refinement: Flavianus, José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde, and Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân.

text: Flavianus: "Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism"

answer: Pancratius, Flavianus and Bonifacius

text: Two of the listed bishops are disputed. They may belong to other dioceses, but we know another two to put into the list.

refinement: Flavianus, José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde, and Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân.

text: Flavianus: "Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism"

answer: Pancratius, Flavianus, and Bonifacius.

text: Two of the listed bishops are disputed. They may belong to other dioceses, but we know another two to put into the list.

refinement: Flavianus, José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde, and Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân.

text: Flavianus: "Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism"

answer: Pancratius, Flavianus and Bonifacius.

text: Two of the listed bishops are disputed. They may belong to other dioceses, but we know another two to put into the list.

refinement: Flavianus, José Luis Astigarraga Lizarralde, and Bishop-elect John Đỗ Văn Ngân.

text: Flavianus: "Flavianus, participant at the synod called in Carthage in 484 by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom on the Donatist schism"

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Buleliana was a Roman civitas (town) in North Africa. It remains a Roman Catholic titular see. The diocese has had two bishops and two possible bishops.

text: The question asks for a single sentence. There are three. The last one can be cut, and the other one can be incorporated into the first.

refinement: Buleliana was a Roman civitas (town) in North Africa and remains a Roman Catholic titular see.

text: Roman city, titular see: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: The article describes the town Buleliana and its Catholic history.

text: The answer is too vague and almost useless.

refinement: Buleliana is an ancient Roman town in North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: Catholic: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: This article describes the town Bulegliana in Central Africa North Africa and the history of the see.

text: The answer is too vague and almost useless.

refinement: Buleliana is an ancient Roman town in North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: Catholic: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa and is now a titular see of the Catholic Church. Its exact location is not known, but it was located in Tunisia. During the Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine eras, Buleliana remained a bishopric, though it has since faded.

text: The question asks for a single sentence. The answer has three. The last two aren't as important as the first.

refinement: Buleliana was a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa and is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.

text: Roman city, titular see: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."

answer: This article is about Buleliana, a civitas and bishopric, as well as a Latin Catholic titular sees in Roman North Africa in Tunisia.

text: The answer should use the plain English word for town instead of "civitas".

refinement: This article is about Buleliana, a town and bishopric, as well as a Latin Catholic titular sees in Roman North Africa in Tunisia.

text: "Titular see" is mistyped.

refinement: This article is about Buleliana, a town and bishopric, as well as a Latin Catholic titular see in Roman North Africa in Tunisia.

text: The answer should mention that Buleliana was an ancient town and a current titular see.

refinement: This article is about Buleliana, a town and bishopric in Roman North Africa in Tunisia, and currently a Latin Catholic titular see.

text: Roman city, titular see: "BULELIANA was a _civitas_ (town) and bishopric in Roman North Africa and remains a Latin Catholic titular see."


text:
BULQIZË (, ) is the name of both a town and a municipality in Dibër County, eastern Albania. It was formed during the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipality of Bulqizë with the adjacent municipalities of Fushë-Bulqizë, Gjoricë, Martanesh, Ostren, Shupenzë, Trebisht and Zerqan. The seat of the municipality is the town also called Bulqizë.[1] The total population is 31,210 (2011 census),[2] in a total area of 678.73 km².[3] The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 8,177.[4]

Bulqizë lies in the lower north-east of Albania and shares a border with Macedonia. The municipalities of Mati and Tirana lie to the west while at the south is the municipality of Librazhd. The administrative center is the town of Bulqizë with 16768 inhabitants. The locality has 1 municipality and 7 communes; Fushë-Bulqizë, Zerqan, Shupenzë, Gjoricë, Ostren, Trebisht and Martanesh and the town of Krasta with 5969 inhabitants. In both Bulqiza and Krasta are significant sources of chromium, which supports most of the economy of the area. Despite being rich in resources, the quality of life is very low and many live in poverty. Future economic development is currently centered on eco-tourism with the development of the new road of Arbëri it is expected to become a popular tourism destination

History

[Bulqiza and its chrome mine] The people of this region has always been a great example of resistance, against the enemy, Ottoman, Serbian, Italian and so on, because the valley of Bulqize is situated in a crossroad, and is the main entrance to go to the inner side of Albania. It is very famous the Battle of Vajkali Plain, (April 1465), Gjorica (1844),e Xixulla (1860), the spring of Mure (1921), etc. at the beginning of the Renaissance, the people of this region have fought and won against the army of Hajredin Pasha. Local people contributed to the historic events as the patriots of this region have been part of the declaration of Independence at 1912.

The people of Bulqize participated in the 2nd World War against the Italian and German invaders where 68 heroes sacrificed their life. The liberation found the country in a very deep poverty statement. The Communist Party took every piece of dignity, exchanging the promises for the great freedom and prosperity, in a long wild dictatorship. The people of Bulqiza remained very far away from his aspiration for freedom, democracy and prosperity, which had characterized it during every époque. At 1990, step by step, Bulqiza encouraged the creation of the private market and economy, the democratic forms of life, and again started to aspire the join of the European civilization.

Geographic position

Most of the area is surrounded by mountains, which range from 420 meters to 2101 meters in height. The town of Bulqizë and many of the surrounding villages rest in the valley of Bulqiza, which is 25  km long and 1  km wide. The valley harbors Bualli Pass at an altitude of 842 meters. The national road runs through the area connecting Burrel, Bulqizë, Peshkopi, and Macedonia. The gravel spring which feeds the Black Drini River also cuts through the valley.

Climate

The climate all around Bulqiza is continental, cold in winter and dry in summer. The valley is open from the east side and so, very weather-beaten. The medium degrees goes to 10 °C and the maximum until 35 °C in summer. During winter the lowest degree is –18 °C. the quantity of precipitation is 980 mm

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

title: Bulqizë

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the history of the town of Bulqizë?

answer: Bulqizë is very well known for being a place of resistance against many enemies. People in this region contributed to the historical events such as the declaration of independence in 1912. They also joined the 2nd World War and 68 heroes sacrificed their life during the war. At 1990, they became part of the private market and economy, and they joined the European civilization.

text: The phrasing of the line about the private market and economy is slightly inaccurate.

refinement: Bulqizë is very well known for being a place of resistance against many enemies. People in this region contributed to the historical events such as the declaration of independence in 1912. They also joined the 2nd World War and 68 heroes sacrificed their life during the war. At 1990, they encouraged the creation of the private market and economy, and they joined the European civilization.

text: The merger should be mentioned.

refinement: Bulqizë is very well known for being a place of resistance against many enemies. People in this region contributed to the historical events such as the declaration of independence in 1912. They also joined the 2nd World War and 68 heroes sacrificed their life during the war. At 1990, they encouraged the creation of the private market and economy, and they joined the European civilization. In 2015, Bulqizë merged with the adjacent municipalities of Fushë-Bulqizë, Gjoricë, Martanesh, Ostren, Shupenzë, Trebisht and Zerqan

answer: The people of Bulqizë have always been a great resistance against enemies, Ottoman, Serbian, and so on. The town is situated in a crossroad and is very famous for the Battle of Vajkali Plain and the battle of Kosovo. During the Renaissance, the towns people won against the army of Hajredin Pasha. The people of Bulqize also participated in 2nd World War against the Italian and German invaders.

answer: Bulqizë is very well known for being a place of resistance against many enemies. During the 1465 Battle of Vajkali Plain, they won against the army of Hajredin Pasha. At 1990, they became part of the private market and economy, and they joined the European civilization.

answer: The people of the region have a history of resistance. They have fought many battles and many of the residents participated in the second world war.

answer: The people of this particular town have always been a great example of resistance, against the enemies such as Ottoman, Serbian, Italian and so on. The town is situated in a crossroad that the enemy would pass through in order to get to the inner side of Albania. The town is also very famous for the Battle of Vajkali Plain and the battle of Kosovo. During the Renaissance, the people of this area, who were called "patriots", have won against the Hajredin Pasha. The people of this town also participated in the 2nd World War against the Italian and German invaders.