text:
PAULINE-MARIE JARICOT (22 July 1799-9 January 1862) was a French laywoman, the founder of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Living Rosary Association.

Life

Jaricot was born 22 July 1799, the youngest of seven children of Antoine and Jeanne Jaricot in 19th-century Lyon, France.[1] Her father owned a silk factory in Lyon, France. Her brother, Philéas, was a missionary in Quangnam.[2] At fifteen years of age she was introduced into the social life of the city. Subsequently, a sermon on vanity made a deep impression on her.

At the age of seventeen, after a serious fall and the death of her mother, Jaricot began to lead a life of intense prayer, and on Christmas Day, 1816, took a vow of perpetual virginity. She established a union of prayer among pious servant girls, the members of which were known as the “Réparatrices du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus-Christ”.[3]

As a member of an association founded by the Fathers of the Foreign Missions of Paris, Jaricot was a pioneer of organized missionary co-operation. With the women employees in the silk factory run by her sister and brother-in-law, she resolved to help the missions with prayers and a small weekly contribution of one penny a week from each person involved.[4][5] The seed grew and other groups joined to help all missions. This eventually led to the founding of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in 1822, dedicated to helping missionary efforts worldwide.[6] On May 3, 1922 Pope Pius XI declared the Society for the Propagation of the Faith “Pontifical”.[7]

A member of the lay Dominicans, Jaricot's spiritual director for many years was Jean-Marie Vianney.[8] In 1822, she arranged the printing and distribution of religious literature. She believed that information about the missions should be publicized. Later, the future Society would publish the _Annals_ which contained reports from various mission territories aimed at increasing interest in the Society and the missions.

Jaricot became very ill and on August 10, 1835 she was healed by Saint Philomena during a pilgrimage to Mungnano, Italy.

Around 1845 Jaricot purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. A building adjacent to the plant accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She left the management to people who proved to be dishonest, and she was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862. Having exhausted all her money, she spent the rest of her life destitute.[9] She died on January 9, 1862 in Lyon.

[St. Nizier, Lyon]

Veneration

Since 1935 the mortal remains of Jaricot lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.[10]

On 25 February 1963 Pope John XXIII declared Jaricot “venerable”.[11]

In a homily on 9 January 2013, at the end of the celebrations commemorating on the 150th anniversary of Jaricot's death, Cardinal Fernando Filoni, Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, stated,“Jaricot’s heroic virtues do not consist in a series of miraculous events, but in that fruitful fidelity to Christ, to whom she devoted herself both in good times and in ... difficult ...moments....”[12]

On 26 May 2020, Pope Francis authorised the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to promulgate a decree recognising a miracle attributed to Jaricot's intercession.[13] The path is now clear for Jaricot to be beatified.

Living Rosary Association

In 1826 Jaricot founded the Living Rosary Association.[14] The fifteen decades of the rosary were divided among fifteen associates, each of whom had to recite daily only one determined decade.[15] She expanded the organization's work to include the distribution of prayer leaflets, holy pictures, medals and rosaries. The Living Rosary Association grew rapidly in France and spread to other countries during her lifetime and for years thereafter. In 1832, Pope Gregory XVI gave canonical status to the Living Rosary Association.[16]

By the mid-20th century, however, the number of members had markedly decreased, especially in the United States. The organization was revived through the efforts of Patti and Richard Melvin of Dickinson, Texas and 28 other devotees who renewed the practice of organizing 15 persons to each pray one of the 15 Decades of the Rosary.

By the year 2014, the Living Rosary membership numbers nearly 16 million persons of all ages, with substantial numbers in Third World countries. The organization maintains an internet website at philomena.org, authored by Patti Dickinson, who is universal director of the Living Rosary. A Facebook page, “Universal Living Rosary Association,” is authored by apostolate promoter Brian J. Costello of New Roads, Louisiana.[17]

[1] “Celebrating a Legacy”, Society for the Propagation of the Faith

[2] Brinker, Jennifer.“Society for the Propagation of the Faith foundress is example of worldwide missionary vision”, _St. Louis Review_, 23 May 2012

[3] Weber, Nicholas. “Pauline-Marie Jaricot.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 Apr. 2013

[4] Windeatt, Mary F.: Pauline Jaricot: Foundress of the Living Rosary and the Society for the Propagation of the Faith (Rockford, IL: Tan Books and Publishers, Inc.: 1993)

[5] Address of John Paul II to Mission Societies, 15 May 1997

[6]

[7] “Commemoration Day for Pauline Jaricot, foundress of the Pontifical Society for the Propagation of the Faith: 9 January in Lyon”, _Agenzia Fides_, 9 January 2012

[8]

[9]

[10] “Pauline Jaricot, fruitful fidelity to Christ and farsighted commitment to evangelization”, _Agenzia Fides_, 10 January 2013

[11]

[12]

[13] “Church promulgates new decrees for Causes of Saints” _Vatican News_, 27 May 2020

[14] “150th Anniversary of Pauline-Marie Jaricot’s death”, _Agenzia Fides_, 9 January 2013.

[15]

[16] Emmons, D.D., “The lasting legacy of Ven. Pauline Jaricot”, _Our Sunday Visitor_, October 8, 2014

[17] Universal Living Rosary Association.

title: Pauline-Marie Jaricot

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what happened from 1835-1865.

answer: A heart attack at 17 years old led Jaricot's to dedicate her life to prayer. 15 years later, her mother died and she took a perpetual vow of virginiy at the age of 17. Jaricot started by helping the Foreign Missions of Paris with prayers. Soon the seed grew and groups helping other missions joined in. She helped edit the Annals and eventually founded the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in 1822. Her congregation of servant girls became known as the "Réparatrices du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus-Christ". Jaricot's published prayer leaflets and holy pictures. By 1853, she began planning a school and a chapel to accommodate families near the manufacturing plant she purchased for Christian social reform (1845). She prayed for a cure to the illnesses of afflicted girls and was healed by the intercession of St. Philomena in 1835. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: Everything before the sentence starting with "by 1853" is irrelevant to the question because it happened before 1935.

refinement: By 1853, she began planning a school and a chapel to accommodate families near the manufacturing plant she purchased for Christian social reform (1845). She prayed for a cure to the illnesses of afflicted girls and was healed by the intercession of St. Philomena in 1835. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: Jaricot purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it. However, the article doesn't mention anything about her beginning the plans in 1853.

refinement: She purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it, running as a model of Christian social reform. There was housing, a school, and a chapel nearby. She prayed for a cure to the illnesses of afflicted girls and was healed by the intercession of St. Philomena in 1835. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: There's nothing in the article suggesting that Jaricot prayed for cures. She was healed by Saint Philomena during a pilgrimage.

refinement: She purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it, running as a model of Christian social reform. There was housing, a school, and a chapel nearby. She fell sick and was healed by St. Philomena in 1835 during a pilgrimage. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: The answer would be easier to understand if it was in chronological order.

refinement: She fell sick and was healed by St. Philomena in 1835 during a pilgrimage. She purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it, running as a model of Christian social reform. There was housing, a school, and a chapel nearby. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: The answer omits the events related to the furnace's bankruptcy.

refinement: She fell sick and was healed by St. Philomena in 1835 during a pilgrimage. She purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it, running as a model of Christian social reform. There was housing, a school, and a chapel nearby. She had left the management to people who turned out to be dishonest and had to declare bankruptcy in 1862. She lived the rest of her life destitute. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

text: Her veneration in Lyon happened in 1935, not in 1862 as implied by the answer.

refinement: She fell sick and was healed by St. Philomena in 1835 during a pilgrimage. She purchased a blast furnace in 1945 with a Christian society around it, running as a model of Christian social reform. There was housing, a school, and a chapel nearby. She had left the management to people who turned out to be dishonest and had to declare bankruptcy in 1862. She lived the rest of her life destitute. She died on January 9, 1862, in Lyon.

answer: A heart attack at 17 years old led Jaricot's to dedicate her life to prayer. 15 years later, her mother died and she took a perpetual vow of virginiy at the age of 17. She started by helping the Foreign Missions of Paris with prayers. Soon the seed grew and groups helping other missions joined in. She helped edit the Annals and eventually founded the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in 1822. Her congregation of servant girls became known as the "Réparatrices du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus-Christ". Jaricot's published prayer leaflets and holy pictures. She prayed for a cure to the illnesses of afflicted girls and was healed by the intercession of St. Philomena in 1835. After Jaricot's death on January 9, 1862, her body was venerated in Lyon's St. Nizier Church.

answer: In 1835, Jaricot became very ill and was healed by St. Philomena during a pilgrimage to Mungnano, Italy. She died in 1862.

text: The answer omits the events related to the furnace.

refinement: In 1835, Jaricot became very ill and was healed by St. Philomena during a pilgrimage to Mungnano, Italy. She purchased a blast furnace plant in 1945 and formed a society around it as a model for Christian social reform. A nearby building provided housing, and there was a chapel and a school nearby. However, the people she left in charge turned out to be dishonest and she had to declare bankruptcy in 1862. She lived the rest of her life destitute. She died in 1862.

answer: Jaricot became very ill and on August 10, 1835 she was healed by Saint Philomena during a pilgrimage to Mungnano, Italy. In 1845 Jaricot purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. A building adjacent to the plant accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She left the management to people who proved to be dishonest, and she was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862. Having exhausted all her money, she spent the rest of her life destitute. She died on January 9, 1862 in Lyon.

answer: In 1835, Jaricot went on a pilgrimage to Mungnano and was cured (a miracle attributed to saint Philomena's intercession). 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. The buildings surrounding the plant accommodated the families and included a school and chapel. Around this time Jaricot got kicked out of the operation and declared bankruptcy in 1862.

text: There's nothing about an intercession by St. Philomena in the text.

refinement: In 1835, Jaricot went on a pilgrimage to Mungnano and was cured. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. The buildings surrounding the plant accommodated the families and included a school and chapel. Around this time Jaricot got kicked out of the operation and declared bankruptcy in 1862.

text: Jaricot's involvement with the plant is misrepresented after the society's foundation.

refinement: In 1835, Jaricot went on a pilgrimage to Mungnano and was cured. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. The buildings surrounding the plant accommodated the families and included a school and chapel. The people she left in charge turned out to be dishonest, and she declared bankruptcy in 1862.

text: The answer omits the aftermath of her bankruptcy and death.

refinement: In 1835, Jaricot went on a pilgrimage to Mungnano and was cured. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. The buildings surrounding the plant accommodated the families and included a school and chapel. The people she left in charge turned out to be dishonest, and she declared bankruptcy in 1862. She lived the rest of her life destitute and died on January 9, 1862, in Lyon.

answer: 1835 was when Jaricot was healed by saint Philomena in Italy. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. The building in which it was placed accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. Around this time period, there was a building close by that accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862.

text: The buildings in the society Jaricot found are repeated twice.

refinement: 1835 was when Jaricot was healed by saint Philomena in Italy. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. There was a building close by that accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862.

text: The answer omits the reason for Jaricot's bankruptcy and the aftermath of it.

refinement: 1835 was when Jaricot was healed by saint Philomena in Italy. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. There was a building close by that accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862 because the people she left in charge turned out to be dishonest. She lived the rest of her life destitute and died soon after in Lyon.

text: Saint should be capitalized.

refinement: 1835 was when Jaricot was healed by Saint Philomena in Italy. 1845 was when she purchased a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. There was a building close by that accommodated the families, and close by was a school and a chapel. She was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy in 1862 because the people she left in charge turned out to be dishonest. She lived the rest of her life destitute and died soon after in Lyon.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Lyon?

answer: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon on July 22, 1799. Her brother Philéas was a missionary in Quangnam. She was saved after she witnessed a sermon about vanity when she was 15 years old. She died on January 9, 1862 and was venerated since 1935 in Lyon. Her mortal remains now lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon. She grew up in Lyon and it was her hometown.

text: Jaricot's brother and the sermon she witnessed are irrelevant.

refinement: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon on July 22, 1799. She died on January 9, 1862 and was venerated since 1935 in Lyon. Her mortal remains now lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon. She grew up in Lyon and it was her hometown.

text: The answer should be in chronological order.

refinement: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon on July 22, 1799. She grew up in Lyon and it was her hometown. She died on January 9, 1862 and was venerated since 1935 in Lyon. Her mortal remains now lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

text: Jaricot's death is irrelevant.

refinement: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon on July 22, 1799. She grew up in Lyon and it was her hometown. Her mortal remains now lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

answer: Lyon is a city in 19th-century France where Jaricot was born. She was introduced into the social life of the city at about 15 years of age. At the age of 17, she took a vow of perpetual virginity. Her nephew, Angel, was a missionary in Quangnam, and her brother, Philéas was a missionary in Quangnam. She restored the blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform. She left it in the hands of people she knew to be dishonest and declared bankruptcy in 1862. She is currently buried in Lyon in the church of Saint-Nizier.

text: The life and family of Jaricot are irrelevant.

refinement: Lyon is a city in 19th-century France where Jaricot was born. She is currently buried in Lyon in the church of Saint-Nizier.

text: Lyon continues to exist currently and existed before the 19th century.

refinement: Lyon is a city in France where Jaricot was born. She is currently buried in Lyon in the church of Saint-Nizier.

answer: Lyon is a city in 19th-century France where Jaricot was born. She was introduced into the social life of the city at about 15 years of age. At the age of 18, she took a vow of perpetual virginity. Her sister-in-law's silk factory provided her the seed money to help with missionary efforts which led to the founding of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. Her brother, Philéas was a missionary in Quangnam, and her nephew, Angel, was a missionary in Quangnam. She returned to Lyon where she restored a blast furnace plant to be run as a model of Christian social reform, when it went out of business she lost all her money and was forced in to poverty. She is currently buried in Lyon in the church of Saint-Nizier.

answer: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in 19th-century Lyon, France, the youngest of seven children. Her father owned a silk factory in Lyon. She died in Lyon in 1862. Her remains lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

text: Jaricot's birth date is wrong in the answer.

refinement: Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon, France, the youngest of seven children. Her father owned a silk factory in Lyon. She died in Lyon in 1862. Her remains lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

answer: Lyon is a city in France. Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon. She founded the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Living Rosary Association. Her mortal remains lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

text: Jaricot's founding of the society is irrelevant.

refinement: Lyon is a city in France. Pauline-Marie Jaricot was born in Lyon. The Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Living Rosary Association is founded there by Jaricot. Her mortal remains lie in the Church of Saint-Nizier in Lyon.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the text says about the Reformation.

answer: No answer

answer: [rewrite]

text: The answer is nonsensical. It should just be "No answer."

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: There is no mention of the Reformation in this article, and it's not clear what the question is referring to.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the text says about gardening.

answer: [rewrite]

text: The answer is nonsensical. The answer should just be "No answer."

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


split: train

text:
DANIEL COHEN (born February 18, 1984) is an Israeli conductor and violinist.[1] He is the general music director (GMD) of Staatstheater Darmstadt in Germany, former Kapellmeister at the Deutsche Oper Berlin for the 2015–2017 seasons, and a Gustavo Dudamel Fellow of the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the 2012–13 season, former music director of the Jersey Chamber Orchestra and the founder and artistic director of the Gropius Ensemble.

Conducting career

Since his conducting debut at the age of 19, Cohen has conducted such orchestras as the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Berlin, the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, the Helsinki Philharmonic, the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne, the Orchestra del Teatro Massimo in Palermo, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, the Dresdner Philharmonie, the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra and the Orchestra dell'Arena di Verona.

Cohen was a Kapellmeister at the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 2015 until 2017, where he conducted numerous performances of such operas as _Così fan tutte_, _Don Giovanni_, _Die Zauberflöte_, _Il barbiere di Siviglia_, _Dornröschen_, _Lucia di Lammermoor_, _La traviata_ and G. F. Haas' new opera _Morgen und Abend_.

His operatic highlights include an acclaimed debut with the Canadian Opera Company with Christopher Alden's production of _La clemenza di Tito_, a new production of _Die Zauberflöte_ with Graham Vick at the Macerata Opera Festival. This season Cohen will make his debut with the Norwegian Opera in Oslo conducting _Le nozze di Figaro_ in Thaddeus Strassberger's production.

At the Israeli Opera he conducted such operas as: Tchaikovsky's _Pique Dame_, Shostakovich's _Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk_, Verdi's _La traviata_, _Rigoletto_ and _Otello_ and Berg's _Wozzeck_. Cohen also conducted the Israeli Opera Studio productions of Rossini's _La Cenerentola_ and Mozart's _Le nozze di Figaro_.

Early life and musical education

Cohen was born in Natanya, Israel, in 1984. He studied music from an early age, beginning on the piano at the age of 6 and switching to the violin at the age of 7. At the age of 14 he became the youngest student at the Tel-Aviv Academy of Music, studying violin under Haim Taub and composition under Isaac Sadai. At age 16 he started his conducting studies with Yevgeny Zsirlin at the Jerusalem Academy of Music.

At the age of 19 Cohen received his bachelor's degree (_summa cum laude_) from the Tel Aviv Academy. During his years at the academy he was an active violinist and chamber musician, performing as a soloist with various orchestras including the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the Israel Chamber Orchestra and the Haifa Symphony Orchestra.

In 2004 Cohen completed his postgraduate degree in violin at the Royal Academy of Music in London. The following year Cohen joined the conducting class of the Royal Academy and in 2007, aged 23, he completed his conducting studies there. Among his teachers were George Hurst, Colin Metters and Sir Colin Davis.

Whilst at the Royal Academy, Cohen formed the Eden Sinfonia, a student orchestra with which he performed numerous concerts, including, in 2008, a performance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London.

West-Eastern Divan Orchestra

Cohen joined the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra in the summer of 2003, aged 19. He was a member of the first violin section for the next eight years and played in more than twelve international tours. Among many other concerts, Cohen participated in the memorable Ramallah Concert of 2005.

Between 2008 and 2011 Cohen became assistant conductor to Daniel Barenboim in the preparation of a Beethoven symphonies cycle as well as major works by Schoenberg and Boulez with the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. In the summers of 2010–11 Cohen assisted Barenboim in creating a young version of the Divan Orchestra called the Al Andalus Orchestra which he conducted for two summers.

Lucerne Festival Academy

Cohen served as an assistant conductor to Pierre Boulez and the musicians of the Ensemble InterContemporain at the Lucerne Festival Academy from 2009 to 2013. During his time at the Lucerne Festival Academy he also assisted such conductors as Péter Eötvös, Susanna Mälkki, Pablo Heras-Casado, and David Robertson.

From 2011 to 2013 Cohen also took part in the Lucerne Festival Academy Composer Project in which Pierre Boulez oversaw the commission, creation, composition, rehearsal and performance of new compositions. One of these: _Sawti'l zaman_ by Benjamin Attahir was dedicated to Boulez and to Cohen and conducted by Cohen at the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre in Lucerne in September 2013.

Awards and prizes

Cohen won the America-Israel Cultural Foundation scholarship consecutively from 1995 to 2007. As a violinist Cohen received the 2004 DipRAM award for outstanding final recital (violin) from the Royal Academy of Music, London.

As a conductor Cohen won the first prize at the Admont International Conducting Competition, Austria (2007), the first prize at the Aviv Competition in Israel, the Yuri Aharonowich Prize (2008), and the third prize at the Evgeny Svetlanov Conducting Competition, Montpelier, France (2010).

[1]

title: Daniel Cohen (conductor)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Cohen's career during the 2000s.

answer: During the 2000s, Cohen studied music at the Royal Academy of Music in London and joined the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. He also won prizes in several conducting competitions, assisting well-known conductors at various festivals, and worked closely with Pierre Boulez at the Lucerne Festival Academy.

answer:
Cohen served as an assistant conductor to Pierre Boulez and the musicians of the Ensemble InterContemporain at the Lucerne Festival Academy from 2009 to 2013. During his time at the Lucerne Festival Academy he also assisted such conductors as Péter Eötvös, Susanna Mälkki, Pablo Heras-Casado, and David Robertson.
From 2011 to 2013 Cohen also took part in the Lucerne Festival Academy Composer Project in which Pierre Boulez oversaw the commission, creation, composition, rehearsal and performance of new compositions. One of these: Sawti'l zaman was dedicated to Boulez and Cohen.

answer: Cohen studied at the Tel-Aviv Academy of Music, received his bachelor's degree from the Tel Aviv Academy, and his postgraduate degree from the Royal Academy of Music. He also participated in the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra from 2003 to 2007. In 2013, Cohen served as the assistant conductor to Pierre Boulez at the Lucerne Festival Academy.

answer: In 2004, Cohen completed his postgraduate degree in violin. He joined the conducting class of the Royal Academy in 2005 and completed his studies in 2007. He performed numerous concerts with the Royal Academy's student orchestra, including a performance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in 2008. He joined the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra in 2003 and participated in the Ramallah Concert of 2005. In 2008, he became assistant conductor to Daniel Barenboim. He also served as assistant conductor to Pierre Boulez starting in 2009. He won several awards in the 2000s including first prize at the Admont International Conducting Competition as well as first prize at the Aviv Competition in Israel.

answer: During the 2000s, Cohen studied music at institutions in Israel and London and served as assistant conductor to Daniel Barenboim at the Lucerne Festival Academy. He also competed in several conducting competitions and won first prizes. Presently, Cohen serves as the general music director of the Staatstheater Darmstadt.


text:
There was once a little boy who lived with his grandpa because his mom and dad had gone away for a very long time. They did a very bad thing to the boy. The little boy loved his grandpa very much but he didn't know it. Grandpa knew the little boy loved him very much and he loved him back, even more than he loved himself. The little boy's favorite food was macaroni and cheese. His grandpa was very good at making macaroni and cheese and he made it every night and the boy was happy. He went to school and learned about big animals that live very far away and he loved to read. He read mystery books and funny books and comic books. He loved Superman.

It was his birthday and grandpa was making him macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas, that was his favorite dinner. He put a pan of water onto the stove and the peas in the microwave. Grandpa bought the boy a new issue of Superman that the boy wanted very badly. The boy would always take the bus home because his grandpa didn't have a car. So the grandpa put the boys favorite movie into the DVD player and waited for the boy.

The water started to bubble and boil over so grandpa turned the oven down and poured the macaroni in. The microwave beeped so grandpa turned it off and let the peas cool down. He drained the macaroni and stirred the cheese and mixed in the tuna and peas. The bowl was very hot so grandpa put a paper towel underneath it. He didn't want the boy to burn himself. The TV asked grandpa if he wanted to play the movie but he didn't want to because the boy was not home.

Grandpa waited and waited for the little boy and the macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas wasn't hot anymore. He started to watch the movie and became very sad. Grandpa was very worried about the boy and so he got his cane and coat and walked out into the cold. He walked until he got to the boy's bus stop and it was very dark now. He did not see the boy at the bus stop and there were no cars on the road. He sat down on the bench and started to shiver and breathe faster than he should have. More snow started to fall and now grandpa almost couldn't see anything at all. The boy was not around. Grandpa couldn't cry because it was too cold. But he wanted to and he sobbed for a very long time.

The boy's head hurt and he was very cold but he finally got home after a long walk. He had to take a different way because the other mean boys told him he couldn't take the bus anymore. The boy picked up the front door key and opened the door. The house was very dark like it was outside and so he turned on the light. He saw his favorite food on the table, macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. There was a comic book on the table and his favorite was on the TV and the funny animals were there talking to each other and the boy sat and watched and called for grandpa. But grandpa was not there and the boy could not find him. He looked in the bathroom and the kitchen and his room and grandpas room but he was not there.

He was hungry so he ate the macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He looked at the comic book and it was the new issue of Superman that the boy wanted so badly and so he read it. Grandpa wrote on the inside of how much he loved the boy and he hoped he enjoyed the comic book. The macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas was cold but it was still very good. Grandpa loved cooking for the little boy and the little loved grandpa's cooking because it made him feel comfortable and warm and he loved grandpa very much but he didn't know it.

Grandpa had dropped his cane and he was feeling very cold and tired so he fell asleep. He thought about the boy and how he loved the boy very much, even more than he loved himself. And he fell asleep. A man came by and asked grandpa if he was okay but grandpa didn't answer.

The boy waited and waited for grandpa and he fell asleep on the table and he heard the funny animals talking to each other and it made him feel good. Grandpa tucked him into bed and covered him up in warm blankets and he told the boy he loved him very much and he would make him macaroni and cheese tomorrow.

title: I'd be grateful if anyone took a look at my short story The Little Boy and His Grandpa

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the relationship between the little boy and grandpa.

answer: The two seem to have a very loving relationship. The boy doesn't know how much he loves his Grandpa.

text: "The little boy loved his grandpa very much but he didn't know it" is evidence that the boy doesn't know how much he loves his Grandpa.

text: "Grandpa knew the little boy loved him very much and he loved him back" is evidence that they have a very loving relationship.

answer: The relationship between the little boy and grandpa is one of love and devotion. The little boy loves grandpa very much but he doesn't know it. Grandpa knows the boy loves him and loves him back even more than he loves himself. Grandpa loves cooking for the boy and waits for him at the bus stop even though it is cold and he is worried when the boy doesn't return. He falls asleep worrying about the boy and is relieved when the boy finally returns. Grandpa is always there to care for the boy and loves him very much. The relationship between the boy and grandpa is precious and one that should be cherished.

text: Everything beyond the first three sentences is unnecessary.

refinement: The relationship between the little boy and grandpa is one of love and devotion. The little boy loves grandpa very much but he doesn't know it. Grandpa knows the boy loves him and loves him back even more than he loves himself.

text: "Grandpa knew the little boy loved him very much and he loved him back" is evidence that they have a very loving relationship.

answer: The boy has a close relationship with his grandpa. He loves him very much, but he didn't know it until his birthday. Grandpa loves the boy even more than he loves himself, and his favorite hobby is cooking for the little boy. He waits for the boy at the bus stop and worried when the boy didn't return. When the boy found him, he shared his favorite recipe and covered him up in blankets. This shows that their relationship is very caring and loving.

text: The third and fourth sentences are not relevant to the question (and without them the last sentence doesn't make sense).

refinement: The boy has a close relationship with his grandpa. He loves him very much, but he didn't know it until his birthday. Grandpa loves the boy even more than he loves himself, and his favorite hobby is cooking for the little boy.

text: There is no evidence that the boy's birthday is when he realizes he loves his grandpa.

refinement: The boy has a close relationship with his grandpa. He loves him very much, but he doesn't know it. Grandpa loves the boy even more than he loves himself, and his favorite hobby is cooking for the little boy.

text: "Grandpa knew the little boy loved him very much and he loved him back" is evidence that they have a close relationship.

text: "and he loved him back, even more than he loved himself" is evidence that Grandpa loved the boy even more than he loved himself.

answer: It's love- the grand nana has dedicated his life to taking care of this boy. His only concern about the boy's absence is that he might have hurt himself after being told to stop taking the bus. His waiting at the bus station for him is another indicator. It's love personified.

text: "grand nana" should be "grandpa".

refinement: It's love- the grandpa has dedicated his life to taking care of this boy. His only concern about the boy's absence is that he might have hurt himself after being told to stop taking the bus. His waiting at the bus station for him is another indicator. It's love personified.

text: Does not mention how the boy feels about his grandfather.

refinement: It's love- the grandpa has dedicated his life to taking care of this boy. His only concern about the boy's absence is that he might have hurt himself after being told to stop taking the bus. His waiting at the bus station for him is another indicator. It's love personified. The boy loves the grandpa very much but doesn't know it.

answer: The two have a close, loving relationship. Their favorite food is macaroni and cheese.

text: The fact that their favorite food is macaroni and cheese is irrelevant. (Also, it's the boy's favorite food, not necessarily the grandpa's).

refinement: The two have a close, loving relationship.

text: "The little boy loved his grandpa very much but he didn't know it. Grandpa knew the little boy loved him very much and he loved him back" is evidence that they have a close, loving relationship.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the main event of the story?

answer: The birthday of the little boy.

text: The boy's birthday is not the "main event" of the story, although the story does take place on his birthday.

text: Empty answer.

refinement: The boy doesn't come home on time, which causes his grandpa to worry and go looking for him.

answer: The main event of the story is when the boy doesn't come home so Grandpa goes to look for him. The boy then comes back to a home without Grandpa.

answer: The main event of the story is that the little boy's grandpa leaves home to look for him after he does not come home from his bus ride. The boy does not know that grandpa left to find him and eats dinner alone.

answer: The story is mainly concerned with the relationship between the little boy and his grandfather as the boy grows up. The grandfather waits up for him after buying him a comic book for his birthday, but when the boy doesn't arrive home, he goes to the bus stop to wait for him -- and falls asleep. The comic story is an episode of their life together during his formative years.

text: The first sentence does not pertain to the "main event" of the story.

refinement: The grandfather waits up for the boy after buying him a comic book for his birthday, but when the boy doesn't arrive home, he goes to the bus stop to wait for him -- and falls asleep. The comic story is an episode of their life together during his formative years.

text: The final sentence does not pertain to the "main event" of the story.

refinement: The grandfather waits up for the boy after buying him a comic book for his birthday, but when the boy doesn't arrive home, he goes to the bus stop to wait for him -- and falls asleep.

answer: The main event of the story is the young boy's search for his grandfather after he does not come home from work one day. The grandfather had gone to the bus stop but had not seen the boy there and so he searched all over for him. The boy had gotten lost on the walk home and had returned to find that his favorite meal had been prepared for him. While the boy was reading Superman, his grandfather fell asleep from exhaustion. The boy was finally reunited with his grandpa the next day.

text: Everything after the first sentence is not necessary to describe the "main event" of the story--the answer provides what is more like a summary of the story.

refinement: The main event of the story is the young boy's search for his grandfather after he does not come home from work one day.

text: It would be more accurate to state that it is the other way around--the main event is the grandfather's search for the boy.

refinement: The main event of the story is the grandfather's search for his grandson after he does not come home on his birthday.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why does the boy's head hurt?

answer: The boy has a headache because he hasn't eaten or slept in a long time, most likely due to the fact that he walked home in the snow.

text: The statement that the boy hasn't eaten or slept in a long time is unattested.

refinement: The boy has a headache most likely due to the fact that he walked home in the snow.

answer: This information cannot be found.

text: While it is not explicitly stated, a good guess would be because the boy walked home in the cold.

refinement: This information cannot be found, although it is possibly due to the fact that the boy walked home in the cold.

answer: The boy's head hurts because he walked home very far in the cold.

text: While this is a good guess, it is not definitive.

refinement: The boy's head hurts possibly because he walked home very far in the cold.

answer: It's not clear, but it may be implied his head hurts due to his long walk.

text: Does not mention the cold.

refinement: It's not clear, but it may be implied his head hurts due to his long walk in the cold.

answer: He accidentally walked all the way home because of being teased by other kids.

text: Does not mention the cold.

refinement: He accidentally walked all the way home in the cold because of being teased by other kids.

text: He didn't "accidentally" walk home--it seems like he had no choice but to do so.

refinement: He walked all the way home in the cold because of being teased by other kids.

text: While this is possible, the reason is not explicitly stated.

refinement: Possibly due to walking all the way home in the cold because of being teased by other kids.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where does this story take place?

answer: Not a lot of information is provided for this question. The boy lives with his grandfather because his parents travelled abroad and left him.

text: The story seems to imply that the boy's parents went to prison rather than travelled abroad.

refinement: Not a lot of information is provided for this question. The boy lives with his grandfather because his parents seem to have gone to prison.

text: The second sentence does not elaborate on the setting of the story.

refinement: Not a lot of information is provided for this question.

text: While no concrete location is named, the story does alternate between the boy's home and the bus stop.

refinement: Not a lot of information is provided for this question, although the major settings are the boy's home and the bus stop.

answer: The story takes place at the boy's home.

text: Does not mention the secondary location (the bus stop).

refinement: The story takes place at the boy's home and at the bus stop.

answer: The story seems to take place at Grandpa's house in a nondescript town.

text: Does not mention the secondary location (the bus stop).

refinement: The story seems to take place at Grandpa's house in a nondescript town as well as at the bus stop.

answer: The story takes place primarily in the home of the little boy and his grandpa. The setting later extends to the bus stop and outside of the home.

answer: Not known

text: While it is true that the specific location of the story is not stated, there are clear settings in the boy's home and the bus stop.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the tone of this story?

answer: The tone of this story is heartwarming and sad. The main character, the young boy, has become separated from his grandpa and all he has to comfort him is macaroni and cheese and his cartoon animals and comic book. He is concerned for grandpa and worried that he cannot find him, but there is hope in the ending when grandpa returns to tell the boy he loves him and promises to make him macaroni and cheese tomorrow.

text: The second sentence is more of a summary of the story's plot than an explanation of the tone of the story.

refinement: The tone of this story is heartwarming and sad. He is concerned for grandpa and worried that he cannot find him, but there is hope in the ending when grandpa returns to tell the boy he loves him and promises to make him macaroni and cheese tomorrow.

text: Unclear who "He" refers to.

refinement: The tone of this story is heartwarming and sad. The boy is concerned for grandpa and worried that he cannot find him, but there is hope in the ending when grandpa returns to tell the boy he loves him and promises to make him macaroni and cheese tomorrow.

text: While the story has the potential to be sad, it ultimately is a heartwarming story about the love between a grandfather and a grandson.

refinement: The tone of this story is heartwarming. The boy is concerned for grandpa and worried that he cannot find him, but there is hope in the ending when grandpa returns to tell the boy he loves him and promises to make him macaroni and cheese tomorrow.

answer: The tone of this story is supposed to be heartwarming.

answer: Sad.

text: Seeing as the main takeaway of the story is the love between the grandfather and grandson and that they are reunited at the end, the tone seems to be heartwarming rather than sad.

answer: The tone of the story is one of sadness and longing. The little boy is hurt and scared and misses his grandpa. The grandpa misses the little boy and worries about his safety. The comic book is a gift meant to show how much the grandpa loves the little boy, but even that cannot be enough to fill the gaps created by the little boy's parents leaving. The macaroni and cheese becomes a symbol of comfort; even though it is cold, the boy enjoys it. Even though he's alone and scared, the boy finds solace in the world around him.

text: Even the evidence provided seems to contradict the answer given. While sadness has a role to play in the story, the story overall is ultimately a heartwarming one.

refinement: The tone of the story is heartwarming. The little boy is hurt and scared and misses his grandpa. The grandpa misses the little boy and worries about his safety. The comic book is a gift meant to show how much the grandpa loves the little boy, but even that cannot be enough to fill the gaps created by the little boy's parents leaving. The macaroni and cheese becomes a symbol of comfort; even though it is cold, the boy enjoys it. Even though he's alone and scared, the boy finds solace in the world around him.

text: The evidence given serves more as a summary and is not that relevant to the question.

answer: It's bittersweet.

text: The story seems to be heartwarming rather than bittersweet.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How does the story end?

answer: The boy caves and eats the food before his grandfather finds him. Once the dad finds the grandfather passed out and comforts him.

text: The dad does not appear in the story.

refinement: The boy caves and eats the food before his grandfather finds him.

text: Does not mention the grandfather returning home, which is critical to the ending of the story.

refinement: The boy caves and eats the food before his grandfather finds him. The grandfather returns home and tucks the boy in.

answer: The story ends with the little boy eating macaroni and cheese and reading a comic book that grandpa left for him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and had been found by a passerby, but the boy had not realized it. Grandpa had loved the boy very much, despite their separation.

text: The last sentence does not describe the ending of the story.

refinement: The story ends with the little boy eating macaroni and cheese and reading a comic book that grandpa left for him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and had been found by a passerby, but the boy had not realized it.

text: This answer omits the part where the grandfather returns home.

refinement: The story ends with the little boy eating macaroni and cheese and reading a comic book that grandpa left for him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and had been found by a passerby, but the boy had not realized it. The grandfather returns home and tucks the boy in.

answer: The little boy falls asleep on the table and the grandpa tucks him into bed.

answer: The story ends with Grandpa returning home and tucking the boy into bed, promising to make macaroni and cheese in the morning.

answer: The story ends with the little boy finding grandpa at the bus stop, and they reunite. Grandpa reassures the boy that he loves him, and the boy feels better. The next day, grandpa promises to make him macaroni and cheese.

text: The claim that the boy finds his grandpa at the bus stop is untrue.

refinement: Grandpa reassures the boy that he loves him, and the boy feels better. The next day, grandpa promises to make him macaroni and cheese.

text: Does not mention that grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in.

refinement: Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in. Grandpa reassures the boy that he loves him, and the boy feels better. The next day, grandpa promises to make him macaroni and cheese.

text: He promises to make the boy macaroni and cheese the next day--we don't actually see the next day.

refinement: Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in. Grandpa reassures the boy that he loves him, and the boy feels better. Grandpa promises to make him macaroni and cheese the next day.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time. His birthday is coming; he can't wait to sleep in his bed curled up with his comics and watch his favorite TV show.

The boy's grandfather has made macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas. However, the boy didn't return home in time. Grandpa waits for him, then follows him home only to find out that some boys had time him time to take the bus no more.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Instead, the macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas are cold, but it is still very tasty.

text: The sentence "Grandpa waits for him, then follows him home only to find out that some boys had time him time to take the bus no more" contains an inaccuracy (that the Grandpa follows the boy home) and also doesn't make sense.

refinement:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time. His birthday is coming; he can't wait to sleep in his bed curled up with his comics and watch his favorite TV show.

The boy's grandfather has made macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas. However, the boy didn't return home in time. Grandpa goes to look for the boy.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Instead, the macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas are cold, but it is still very tasty.

text: Omits the ending.

refinement:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time. His birthday is coming; he can't wait to sleep in his bed curled up with his comics and watch his favorite TV show.

The boy's grandfather has made macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas. However, the boy didn't return home in time. Grandpa goes to look for the boy.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Instead, the macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas are cold, but it is still very tasty. Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in.

text: Unnecessary to mention that the macaroni and cheese is cold.

refinement:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time. His birthday is coming; he can't wait to sleep in his bed curled up with his comics and watch his favorite TV show.

The boy's grandfather has made macaroni and cheese and tuna and peas. However, the boy didn't return home in time. Grandpa goes to look for the boy.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in.

text: "On his birthday" can be added to a later sentence in order to reduce the sentence count.

refinement:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time.

On his birthday, the boy didn't return home in time. Grandpa goes to look for the boy.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in.

text: Change past tense to present tense (didn't)

refinement:
A boy lives with his grandfather because his father and mother went away for a very long time.

On his birthday, the boy doesn't return home in time. Grandpa goes to look for the boy.

On returning home, the boy calls for his grandpa but doesn't find him. Grandpa returns home and tucks the boy in.

answer: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa. The boy loves his grandpa deeply but doesn't realize it. On the boy's birthday, the grandpa prepares his favorite meal: macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He becomes worried when the boy doesn't return home. The boy finally gets back and finds the macaroni and cheese, and the new comic book the grandpa got him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and cannot be found. The boy waits for him, falls asleep, and dreams of the funny animals with grandpa watching over him.

text: Not necessary to mention that the boy doesn't realize he loves his grandpa.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the grandpa prepares his favorite meal: macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He becomes worried when the boy doesn't return home. The boy finally gets back and finds the macaroni and cheese, and the new comic book the grandpa got him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and cannot be found. The boy waits for him, falls asleep, and dreams of the funny animals with grandpa watching over him.

text: Doesn't mention that grandpa goes to look for him.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the grandpa prepares his favorite meal: macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He becomes worried when the boy doesn't return home and goes to look for him. The boy finally gets back and finds the macaroni and cheese, and the new comic book the grandpa got him. Grandpa had fallen asleep and cannot be found. The boy waits for him, falls asleep, and dreams of the funny animals with grandpa watching over him.

text: Unclear where the grandpa has fallen asleep.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the grandpa prepares his favorite meal: macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He becomes worried when the boy doesn't return home and goes to look for him. The boy finally gets back and finds the macaroni and cheese, and the new comic book the grandpa got him. Grandpa had fallen asleep at the boy's bus stop and cannot be found. The boy waits for him, falls asleep, and dreams of the funny animals with grandpa watching over him.

text: It is not clear that his grandpa tucking him in is a dream.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the grandpa prepares his favorite meal: macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas. He becomes worried when the boy doesn't return home and goes to look for him. The boy finally gets back and finds the macaroni and cheese, and the new comic book the grandpa got him. Grandpa had fallen asleep at the boy's bus stop and cannot be found. The boy waits for him, falls asleep, and his grandpa tucks him in.

answer: A loving grandfather makes his grandson his favorite meal for his birthday, but the little boy doesn't come home after school. The grandfather goes out to look for him and can't find him anywhere. The boy returns home and can't find his grandfather. The grandfather eventually comes home and tucks the boy in bed and promises to make him macaroni and cheese the next day.

answer: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. The boy loves his grandpa but doesn't know it. One day, on his birthday, the boy's grandpa makes macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas for the boy. But when the boy gets home, grandpa is missing. The boy finds the food, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. Grandpa is missing the next day, and eventually he is found asleep on the bench near the bus stop. The boy loves his grandpa and loves to eat macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas because it makes him feel comfortable and warm.

text: Not necessary to mention that the boy doesn't know he loves his grandpa.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. One day, on his birthday, the boy's grandpa makes macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas for the boy. But when the boy gets home, grandpa is missing. The boy finds the food, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. Grandpa is missing the next day, and eventually he is found asleep on the bench near the bus stop. The boy loves his grandpa and loves to eat macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas because it makes him feel comfortable and warm.

text: More important to mention that the boy doesn't return home than that his grandpa makes macaroni and cheese.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. One day, on his birthday, the boy does not return home on time. But when the boy gets home, grandpa is missing. The boy finds the food, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. Grandpa is missing the next day, and eventually he is found asleep on the bench near the bus stop. The boy loves his grandpa and loves to eat macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas because it makes him feel comfortable and warm.

text: Does not mention that his grandpa goes to look for him.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. One day, on his birthday, the boy does not return home on time. When the boy finally gets home, grandpa is missing, as he has gone to look for the boy. The boy finds the food, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. Grandpa is missing the next day, and eventually he is found asleep on the bench near the bus stop. The boy loves his grandpa and loves to eat macaroni and cheese with tuna and peas because it makes him feel comfortable and warm.

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary. Instead, it should be mentioned that the grandpa returns home.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. One day, on his birthday, the boy does not return home on time. When the boy finally gets home, grandpa is missing, as he has gone to look for the boy. The boy finds the food, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. The grandpa eventually comes home and tucks the boy in.

text: Clarify what the food is.

refinement: The story is about a little boy who lives with his grandpa because his parents left him long ago. One day, on his birthday, the boy does not return home on time. When the boy finally gets home, grandpa is missing, as he has gone to look for the boy. The boy finds the food his grandpa cooked for him, reads a comic book that grandpa left for him, and falls asleep. The grandpa eventually comes home and tucks the boy in.

answer: A young boy who had recently lost his parents was left with his Grandpa. The two of them spent many nights and happy mornings together. On one occasion when the boy celebrated his birthday along with one of his favorite meals, Grandpa arrives only to find him. They both return home where they spend a good time together.

text: "recently lost his parents" makes it sound like the boy's parents died, which is unattested.

refinement: A young boy lives with his Grandpa. The two of them spent many nights and happy mornings together. On one occasion when the boy celebrated his birthday along with one of his favorite meals, Grandpa arrives only to find him. They both return home where they spend a good time together.

text: Second sentence does not add any key details.

refinement: A young boy lives with his Grandpa. On one occasion when the boy celebrated his birthday along with one of his favorite meals, Grandpa arrives only to find him. They both return home where they spend a good time together.

text: The third sentence is unclear; it should mention that the boy doesn't return home and the grandpa goes to look for him.

refinement: A young boy lives with his Grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the boy doesn't come home on time and the grandpa goes to look for him. They both return home where they spend a good time together.

text: While the last sentence is technically true, it should be two different sentences, as the boy and grandpa don't arrive home at the same time.

refinement: A young boy lives with his Grandpa. On the boy's birthday, the boy doesn't come home on time and the grandpa goes to look for him. The boy finally arrives home to find his grandpa is not there and falls asleep. His grandpa returns home later and tucks him in.


text: An aged man, a veteran of one of an incessant stream of foreign wars, sits in his summerhouse in a compact flint-walled garden. A small patch of sweet peas grows nearby, as does a solitary cherry tree which for lack of bees this year bore no fruit ...

title: Aesculus Hippocastanum — A Short Story

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the aged man?

answer: A veteran of a foreign war.

answer: The aged man is a veteran of one of an incessant stream of foreign wars.

answer: The aged man is a veteran of many foreign wars.

answer: He is a veteran of an incessant stream of foreign wars.

answer: A veteran of one of the wars.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where does this take place?

answer: In a summer house.

answer: A veteran's home

answer: This story takes place in a compact garden in a summerhouse.

answer: This story takes place in a summerhouse in a compact, flint-walled garden.

answer: That information can't be found.

text: It can be found.

refinement: It takes place in the veteran's home, a summerhouse set within a harden.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who does he live with?

answer: The man lives alone.

text: There is no information telling you that.

answer: It's not clear who he lives with.

answer: The aged man lives alone.

text: It's not clear.

answer: This information isn't known.

answer: That information can't be found.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Does he have a family?

answer: No family is mentioned.

answer: No, the man does not have a family.

text: We don't know that.

answer: It is not explicitly mentioned.

answer: The man seems to be a veteran who lives alone, so it is likely that he does not have a family.

text: There's no evidence either way.

refinement: The man seems to be a veteran who lives alone, so it is likely that he does not have a family, but the information isn't found.

answer: That information can't be found.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The veteran sits in his summerhouse, looking at the cherry tree which has failed to bear any fruit this year. He reminisces about a lifetime of wars and reflects on loneliness.

answer: An aged man sits in his summerhouse in a compact flint-walled garden; he is a veteran of a war. A small patch of sweet peas grows nearby, but the cherry tree for lack of bees yielded no fruit.

answer: An aged veteran sits in his summerhouse in a compact garden. A small patch of sweet peas grows nearby, as does a solitary cherry tree which for lack of bees this year bore no fruit.

answer: The veteran spends his days in his garden, reflecting on his past while his solitary cherry tree yields no fruit.

answer: An aged man, a veteran of war, sits in his garden in his summerhouse. His small patch of sweetge that would rather speak to her cat about things other than war, and the cherry tree for the current season bore no fruit.


text:
John glances down from the road for just a second to wipe the stray ashes of a particularly rogue cigarette from his vest. Still dark, but night's knack for alleviating the mind of responsibility will soon be brushed away just as casually by first light.

We drive in silence, but a comfortable one, not one where the mind is painfully aware of each passing second sans conversation. I lean my head against the passenger side window at such an angle that you'd think the passing oaks were skyscrapers. Every exhalation frosts the glass and the skyscrapers lose a touch of clarity. I move to wipe the condensation then think better of it. It occurs to me that from inside this temporary home I prefer a softer exterior.

We hit a major road for the first time since the start of the drive and I stifle some of reality's throes by closing my eyes. I open them a few seconds later and see for the first time just how empty the road really is. A highly congested passage in the light, 4am darkness lends our path a sort of eerie vacancy, like something out of a movie.

"I always love this part," a voice half-whispers from the backseat. It occurs to me then that this really is a movie, with showings every weekend, not always the same but with similar runtimes and ensemble cast. This scene is a familiar one to our four beloved leads, and marks the most bittersweet act of the film- it's conclusion.

A light fog settles around the street lights blurring by and as far in front of the car as its headlights can illuminate. I no longer care about the breath on my window for it seems God himself has exhaled down on our glass planet, dusting its surface as far as Earth's curvature would allow. We rocket forward like a meteor in reverse, following our contrail, chasing an unobtainable darkness lying about ten or so feet in front of the car. Perhaps now a company of strings swells and quiets the audience. Cut to exterior of lone car drifting. I write my name on a foggy canvas, seeing clearly through the letters.

"Who's first?" John asks. The backseat is silent. We approach atmosphere.

"I'm closest."

John wordlessly accepts my indirect answer and keeps right at a fork. Something jumps in my chest and I push it down. We can all feel the heat now.

I say goodbye to the uniformly distant streetlights of the main road and am greeted by the more irregular glow of softer, residential ones. They seem to console at each passing

"It's okay it's okay it's okay" What do they know.

Every house we pass sports its own mailbox, front yard, and driveway.  This place is older than the 1950's suburban sprawl so each home is similar but not identical. They cluster then fade, the train picking up once again after a patch of trees passes or around the curve of a cul-de-sac. Porch lights wink at me through branches. Still dark, I think maybe dawn won't come. The heat is almost unbearable.

We navigate a labyrinth of dark roads till finally reaching our destination.  As the car rolls to a stop I know that now is when the people on Earth can spot us. A good telescope or naked eye in a dark place will do the trick. Look closely this will go fast.

I swing my legs outside and let my body follow. Somewhere far away I hear the sound of my car door closing. We're burning we're burning. I turn around to face John and the two in the backseat. We are silent now, uncomfortably, and I say the first thing I think

"Thanks."

As soon as I hear it I wonder why I said it. Favors like rides home are unspoken courtesy, a tradition more than a gesture. Perhaps John notices my face twist in embarrassment.

"Yeah," he says, but wisely, knowingly, simultaneously acknowledging and dismissing my having said anything.

"Wow there it goes," someone somewhere says.  We burn red-orange for two seconds at most then smolder and fade once more into black space.

Then they are gone and I am left alone in the street in front of my house. The strings are silent, the fog is lifting. I feel for my key and hope that I've lost it. Clutching its cold outline in my pocket I make my way towards the house, growing ever-further away from my home. I imagine I now hurdle quickly and unimpressively towards Earth's surface. In moments I will crash into some sprawling ocean. I take a few steps forward and smell perfume, see hair and hear laughing. Maybe you saw me flying. Cut to close-up, our protagonist wracked with memory. Then medium, slow fade. The dark blue of the ocean water matches the hue of the early-morning sky above me. No longer dark.

Sunrise,
loveset.

title: Haley's Comet

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story reveal about the characters' trip?

answer: They are having a casual, enjoyable drive. They make a trade of nights staying at one another's houses. They swap turns driving. They stop somewhere in a residential area to drop off the third passenger. It seems they have a good relationship.

text: Several of the statements in the response do not seem to be supported by the passage. There is no indication that the people in the car take turns driving or staying at one another's house. The only thing confirmed is that they seem to be good friends (and thus have a good relationship), and that the driver asks whose turn is first when it comes to dropping off the passengers.

refinement: They are having a casual, enjoyable drive. The narrator is reflective of the experience all throughout and is the first of the passengers to be dropped off. It seems they have a good relationship.

answer: The characters' trip signifies the end of a unique experience shared by everyone involved- the journey to watch Haley's Comet. Throughout the passage, the characters remain in heartfelt silence and with each passing house they pass by, they start to comprehend that they are nearing the end of their journey. The element of darkness adds a sense of urgency to their movement and they can feel the heat start to burn. Towards the end of the story, they finally reach their destination, only to realize that the comet has vanished. This signifies the end of their journey. Overall, the story reveals that the characters are moving towards their final destination- the end of their journey.

text: The characters are being given a ride home by a friend. The narrators envisions the journey as that of a comet. Their destinations are their individual residences.

refinement: They are having a casual, enjoyable drive. The narrator is reflective of the experience all throughout and is the first of the passengers to be dropped off. It seems they have a good relationship.

answer: The characters take a late-night drive, feeling both reflective and melancholic as they approach the end of the journey. The journey is both sacred and symbolic- marking the end of a chapter in life. Every house they pass carries a sense of isolation and permanence all at once. The comet in the sky- always in transition- resonates with their own journey as they transition into a new period of life. They all willingly accept the fast-approaching end with grace and appreciation. The driving journey is a shared one, both physically and emotionally, and they take comfort in the moments they have left. Essentially, the journey represents the characters' willingness to face change and embrace the unknown.

answer: The narrator, and three other friends, are implied to have gone on a drive away from their hometown and are returning in the early hours of the morning. They appear to have driven through trees and return to an old-fashioned town or residential area. The characters enjoy the trip in silence and drop each other off as a courtesy.

answer: They're on the way home after some unnamed occasion. John drives. The narrator, another friend, and John's girlfriend sit in the backseat. They drive down empty roads, stopping intermittently to rest. They're tired and it's getting light as they drive up to their neighborhood.

text: There is no indication that one of the passengers is John's girlfriend. They also do not stop intermittently to rest.

refinement: They're on the way home after some unnamed occasion. John drives. The narrator is on the passenger side and two more friends are in the backseat. They drive down empty roads. They're tired and it's getting light as they drive up to their neighborhood.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why is the narrator reluctant to return to their house?

answer: The narrator is reluctant to return to their house because there is nothing for them back there. Outside on the street there is comfort and movement, distractions to ease the pain of farewell. In the house there are only memories and the painful reminder of what's been left behind.

text: There is no indication that the house holds painful experiences.

refinement: It is implied in the narration that the narrator likens going home to the end of a movie, so being with John and the other friends is more fun and going home means that fun has ended.

answer: Despite being grateful for the ride home, the narrator is reluctant to return to their house because they are afraid it no longer feels like their home anymore. In the darkness of night their house is an uncertain space harboring unfamiliar people and memories. Now at sunrise it becomes clear that their house feels more like a temporary dwelling than a true home.

text: There is too much emphasis on negativity towards home that the response fails to convey the context that going hom is less than spending time with friends.

refinement: It is implied in the narration that the narrator likens going home to the end of a movie, so being with John and the other friends is more fun and going home means that fun has ended.

answer: The narrator mentions finding themselves in a job or school like a prison and that they don't relate to people, marking a contrast between them and their housemates.

text: The response does not relate to the passage at all.

refinement: It is implied in the narration that the narrator likens going home to the end of a movie, so being with John and the other friends is more fun and going home means that fun has ended.

answer: They are afraid.

text: The response is too vague and does not reflect the contents nor context of the passage.

refinement: It is implied in the narration that the narrator likens going home to the end of a movie, so being with John and the other friends is more fun and going home means that fun has ended.

answer: Their mind is much more at peace on the drive and with the silence. They imagine themselves to be similar to a comet streaking towards the Earth and feel trapped to be back at home. It is implied that they lack a sense of attachment to their home and are unhappy with the girlfriend / wife they live with, instead longing for the memories of the drive and the ability to escape from responsibility.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story tell us about the narrator's relationship with the others in the car?

answer: The narrator is very comfortable and at ease with John and the other passages, although they don't talk. They appear to participate in this nighttime drive every weekend, which seems to have some qualities of a ritual or tradition. There seems a reluctance to acknowledge the reality of what they are doing or that their drive is coming to an end. Rather the narrator holds an understanding that the experience should be enjoyed quietly with the others.

answer: The narrator views the other passengers in the car as beloved friends. The group feels comfortable in one another's company and the narrator feels a sense of gratitude for the ride home. The narrator truly appreciates the companionship and understands the necessity of the journey even though it is bittersweet.

answer: This story is not a love story but there is some romantic chemistry between the characters.

text: There is no direct or implied romantic chemistry between any of the characters. It is implied that they are all good friends.

refinement: The narrator is very comfortable and at ease with John and the other passages, although they don't talk. They appear to participate in this nighttime drive every weekend, which seems to have some qualities of a ritual or tradition. There seems a reluctance to acknowledge the reality of what they are doing or that their drive is coming to an end. Rather the narrator holds an understanding that the experience should be enjoyed quietly with the others.

answer: The narrator appears to be close friends with John and the two in the backseat. The group drives in comfortable silence together, and their experience on the road together is significant enough for the narrator to remark on. When the group reaches their destination and the comet passes, it seems that the narrator is thankful for the rides and time with her friends.

text: The comet in the title is symbolic and does not appear in the passage.

refinement: The narrator appears to be close friends with John and the two in the backseat. The group drives in comfortable silence together, and their experience on the road together is significant enough for the narrator to remark on. When the group reaches their destination, it seems that the narrator is thankful for the rides and time with her friends.

answer: It is inferred that the relationships in the car are complementary, and there is a certain familiarity between them. There appears to be a certain rapport between the narrator and the others.

text: Wording is awkward and the context of the text is vague.

refinement: The narrator is very comfortable and at ease with John and the other passages, although they don't talk. They appear to participate in this nighttime drive every weekend, which seems to have some qualities of a ritual or tradition. There seems a reluctance to acknowledge the reality of what they are doing or that their drive is coming to an end. Rather the narrator holds an understanding that the experience should be enjoyed quietly with the others.


text:
VINCENT RAYMOND DUNNE (17 April 1889 – 17 February 1970), also known as VINCENT R. DUNNE or RAY DUNNE, was an American Trotskyist, teamster, lumberjack, and union organizer with the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is notable for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike,[1] his conviction and imprisonment under the anti-communist Smith Act, and his membership in the Socialist Workers Party and opposition to Stalinism.

Early life

Dunne was born in Kansas City in 1889, the second of nine children.[2] His mother was the daughter of a Wisconsin shoemaker and his father, a migrant worker from County Clare, Ireland, worked as a repairman for the local street railway. Tragedy struck early in his life when his father broke his kneecap on the job and his mother was forced to move him and his older brother to a farm by where her parents had settled near Little Falls, Minnesota, where they were eventually joined by his father after he had recovered. Adding to their hardships, their cabin burned down one winter when Dunne was six or seven, but they were able to rebuild with the help of neighbors. His father began to work again, this time as a lumberjack and building railway lines. By then, Dunne himself was working for pay on neighboring farms driving teams of horses and working the threshing rigs.[3]

By fourteen, Dunne would leave home to work at lumber camps throughout Minnesota, in conditions he found deplorable. Moving further west the next year, he harvested grain in North Dakota. In 1905, he would go even further west to Montana, where he encountered the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in lumber camps.[4] Dunne was immediately struck by the difference in conditions between the union lumber camps and the non-union camps back in Minnesota,[5] finding the bunkhouses spacious, comfortable, and hygienic. The union also proved a source for cheap literature, which Dunne, who had been forced to leave school to work after only five years, enthusiastically embraced, reading titles like Charles Darwin's _On the Origin of Species_.[6]

During the Panic of 1907, large numbers of workers were laid off and Dunne, along with fellow workers of the IWW, travelled west to Seattle looking for jobs, eventually finding themselves living in large camps of unemployed workers, where they began soapboxing to campaign for jobs and aid to be provided to the unemployed. Eventually, a state road-building project was commissioned to provide jobs for some of the unemployed, but Dunne himself would travel south to California, where in Los Angeles he was sentenced to a road construction chain gang that helped to build Sunset Boulevard. He moved on to Louisiana, where he helped to organize a strike among sawmill workers. The strike failed, but would lay the groundwork for the creation of the multiracial Brotherhood of Timber Workers. After a brief stint in Texas, Dunne would finally move to Minneapolis, which was a major IWW stronghold at the time.[7]

Once established in Minneapolis, Dunne began organizing teamsters with the IWW after becoming frustrated with the conservatism of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). In 1914, he married his wife, Jennie. By the late 1910s, Dunne had drifted away from the IWW's organizing and more toward campaigning for Eugene V. Debs and his Socialist Party of America. The break was solidified after the Russian Revolution, when Dunne officially joined the Communist Party of America. This situation would last for almost 10 years before, in 1928, Dunne became a victim of the “Factional War”, when members of the party who opposed Joseph Stalin and supported the theses of Leon Trotsky were purged. Unfazed, Dunne and his comrades formed the Communist League of America (later renamed the Socialist Workers Party) in alignment with Trotsky's Left Opposition to Stalinism.[8] Dunne was a vocal critic of the Communist Party after the expulsion of the Left Opposition, especially regarding Communist Party “raids” on Communist League-controlled front organizations and co-operative businesses.[9]

International Brotherhood of Teamsters

By 1934, Dunne had been organizing teamsters in Minneapolis for twenty-five years and was called “the most effective labor leader in America” by Trotsky.[10] With his brothers Miles and Grant, he took effective leadership of Teamsters Local 574 and knew “four or five hundred workers in Minneapolis [...] personally.”[11] During the strike, Dunne and his brothers dealt with espionage from police and private detectives, as well as personal attacks from local newspapers. Nevertheless, the strike would eventually succeed and teamster membership in Minneapolis grew explosively.[12]

Dunne's fate would change by the 1940s, however. Red baiting in the newspapers in 1934 could be deflected, but with American society in the grips of the Second Red Scare, the Socialist Workers Party would find their offices raided and leading officials, including Dunne, accused of sedition under the anti-communist Smith Act. This was seen by Trotskyists as an anti-communist conspiracy between the FBI and Teamsters national leadership, represented by Daniel J. Tobin, who sought to eliminate the leadership of the radical Minneapolis local.[13] Dunne and the other SWP leadership were found guilty, and in 1943 he was imprisoned for sixteen months in the Sandstone federal prison along with other leading American Trotskyists such as James P. Cannon.[14]

Later life

After his release from prison, Dunne would unsuccessfully run for mayor of Minneapolis in 1943 and 1947, and would go on three national speaking tours, as well as serving as a long-time chairman of the Socialist Workers Party in Minnesota. His later life was marked by his fierce opposition to the Vietnam War. He died in 1970.

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title: Vincent R. Dunne

question: What was Vincent R. Dunne's life span?

answer: 17 April 1889 - 17 February 1970.

text: Dunne lived from 1889 until 1970.

answer: Vincent R. Dunne was born in 1889 and died in 1970.

answer: Vincent R. Dunne lived from 1889 to 1970.

answer: 17 April 1889 – 17 February 1970.

question: How many sisters did Vincent R. Dunne have?

answer: There is no mention of sisters in the passage.

answer: He had nine sisters.

text: There was no evidence in the passage.

refinement: Dunne's parents had nine children; there was no mention that they had any girl child.

answer: The text doesn't say.

answer: There is no mention of sisters in the passage.

question: Where was Vincent R. Dunne imprisoned?

answer: Sandstone federal prison.

text: Dunne was imprisoned at the Sandstone federal prison for 16 months.

answer: He was imprisoned in the Sandstone federal prison.

answer: Sandstone federal prison

answer: According to the passage, Vincent R. Dunne was imprisoned in the Sandstone federal prison.

text: He was imprisoned in Sandstone federal prison for 16 months.

question: Explain Vincent R. Dunne's initial involvement in the Panic of 1907.

answer: He and fellow workers of the IWW traveled west to Seattle looking for jobs, eventually finding themselves living in large camps of unemployed workers, where they began soapboxing to campaign for jobs and aid to be provided to the unemployed. Eventually, a state road-building project was commissioned to provide jobs for some of the unemployed, but Dunne himself would travel south to California, where in Los Angeles he was sentenced to a road construction chain gang that helped to build Sunset Boulevard. He moved on to Louisiana, where he helped to organize a strike among sawmill workers. The strike failed, but would lay the groundwork for the creation of the multiracial Brotherhood of Timber Workers. After a brief stint in Texas, Dunne would finally move to Minneapolis, which was a major IWW stronghold at the time.

answer: During this period, Vincent R. Dunne traveled west to Seattle with friends to look for a job, eventually living in large camps of unemployed workers where they began campaigning for jobs and aid.

text: Dunne was more involved than explained.

refinement: During this period, Vincent R. Dunne traveled west to Seattle with friends to look for a job, eventually living in large camps of unemployed workers where they began campaigning for jobs and aid for the unemployed. Soon a state-sponsored building project was commissioned and Dunne would travel to California and be sentenced to a chain gang in Los Angeles where he helped build Sunset Boulevard. From there, he moved on to Louisiana where he helped organize a strike among sawmill workers. The plan did fail but it laid a foundation for the creation of the multiracial Brotherhood of Timber Workers.

answer: Dunne initially became involved in the Panic of 1907 when he and other workers from the Industrial Workers of the World travelled to Seattle in search of jobs. They eventually found themselves living in large camps of unemployed workers, where they began soapboxing to campaign for jobs and aid to be provided to the unemployed. Eventually, a state road-building project was commissioned to provide jobs for some of the unemployed, but Dunne himself would travel south to California, where he was sentenced to a road construction chain gang that helped to build Sunset Boulevard.

text: There is a crucial detail missing about Dunne's involvement with the strike at Lousiana.

refinement: Dunne initially became involved in the Panic of 1907 when he and other workers from the Industrial Workers of the World traveled to Seattle in search of jobs. They eventually found themselves living in large camps of unemployed workers, where they began soapboxing to campaign for jobs and aid to be provided to the unemployed. Eventually, a state road-building project was commissioned to provide jobs for some of the unemployed, but Dunne himself would travel south to California, where he was sentenced to a road construction chain gang that helped to build Sunset Boulevard. Dunne then moved on to Louisiana, where he helped to organize a strike among sawmill workers. Though the strike failed, it laid the groundwork for the creation of the multiracial Brotherhood of Timber Workers.

answer: Vincent R. Dunne was a victim of the Panic of 1907 when he and other workers traveled west to Seattle looking for jobs.

text: Dunne's involvement was more than being a victim.

refinement: Dunne was initially involved in the Panic of 1907 when he and other workers from the Industrial Workers of the World traveled to Seattle in search of jobs. They eventually found themselves living in large camps of unemployed workers, where they began soapboxing to campaign for jobs and aid to be provided to the unemployed. Eventually, a state road-building project was commissioned to provide jobs for some of the unemployed, but Dunne himself would travel south to California, where he was sentenced to a road construction chain gang that helped to build Sunset Boulevard. Dunne then moved on to Louisiana, where he helped to organize a strike among sawmill workers. Though the strike failed, it laid the groundwork for the creation of the multiracial Brotherhood of Timber Workers.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Vincent Raymond Dunne was an American Trotskyist, teamster, lumberjack, and union organizer with the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is notable for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike, his conviction and imprisonment under the anti-communist Smith Act, and his membership in the Socialist Workers Party and opposition to Stalinism.

answer: Vincent R. Dunne was an American Trotskyist, union organizer, and activist who was imprisoned under the anti-communist Smith Act. He is most notable for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike.

answer: Vincent Raymond Dunne was an American Trotskyist, teamster, lumberjack, and union organizer with the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is notable for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike, his conviction and imprisonment under the anti-communist Smith Act, and his membership in the Socialist Workers Party and opposition to Stalinism.

answer: This text is a brief biography of Vincent R. Dunne, an American Trotskyist, teamster, lumberjack, and union organizer with the Industrial Workers of the World and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He is probably best known for his leading role in the 1934 Minneapolis general strike, his conviction and imprisonment under the anti-communist Smith Act, and his membership in the Socialist Workers Party and opposition to Stalinism.