text:
The eyes opened, it was morning.

With a soft sigh, the body rose from the bed and looked up with a blissful awareness.  It was early and had never felt so perfect.

A lens watched in the distance as the radiant light shone from in the distance, remaining thus as the body entered and exited the shower.

The closet's door, across from the bathroom's, opened as steam poured from the now clean room.  A light came from within which was set upon by the face.

A warm glow emitted from the room...

The eyes opened to a new world, the shower - moments ago - left behind.  The heat was intense, the world was filled with stars... or blinking bulbs, rather.  The lights had a rhythm and a pulse felt physically, beyond just the eyes.  There was a certain singing harmony that was abuzz within ones bones, not unpleasant, but not wholly relaxing.  The hands reached out to rub some lights, which upon the touch was adjusted to a dimmer shade, a red, instead of green.

A lens watched in the distance, the augmented picture adjusted as a man appeared in front of the body.  The man, dressed not unwell, did appear on edge:  his hair short, but obviously suffering trauma from recent stressful activities, his collar loose, and his words fast and short.  The words were unheard, but motions of deep negativity were erupted from both figures.  What appeared a shout came from the mouth of the freshly arrived man, and his figured disappeared.  The chest thumped what appeared a chuckle and at once moved to another set of lights, the reds turned blue as the new lights turned a vibrant yellow.

The room flashed once, brightly....

With a hard sigh, the body sat down, and the face peered at the wall of monitors.  The eyes watched.  Though each screen, a new message, a new image, a new video, a graph, a new color mapping, and of course the list.  The list that plagued the brain everyday, that drove the heart to sadness, and the legs to jittering.  The list was that of those to whom this officer was assigned.  Justice and society exist in tandem, they were under both protection and surveillance as all were, likely to go about lives as mundane as a trip to the park, or possibly exciting as hyperchuting along the oil skims.  These ones were a special assignment, requested, and was being fulfilled with great earnest.  The backgrounds, random meetings, visits...whispers, all observed and analyzed - all safe, all secure.

These things were not what troubled the officer, these things were hardly of concern to one as experienced, and born so far removed from the first Consolidation.  At this point, these things were accepted - but, not force.  Initially, everything came by expensive options, never by force.  Then, as technology goes - things that were once prohibitly expensive, become reasonably cheap; things that were unheard of, became a nuisance of regularity; as the world became more accessible, less accessibility was needed.  Today, things were grander then before the Consolidation, but they were also more within reach.  The first grand breakthrough didn't just bring about the rise of quality of life through some vaguerity, no - it brought with it an equally of the playing fields, it provided better distribution of time, energy, and people; brought about a reduction in global fatalities, crimes, and illiteracy; it brought some of the best minds into the world since before the turn of the century; it literally healed our planet - so it goes and the day goes on.

What troubled the officer was the lack of any real desire for some.  These individuals on the screen would grow to know, as the officer did, that there is a plateau, that there is a point where you stop and look around, but see nowhere up to go, but you see the world around.  That is what had happened yesterday, but that was beyond the current scope of thought now.  The officer imagined that the screens were off, and the hand moved instinctively towards the controls - these control lights dimmed, the screens went black.  Rising from the chair, the officer turned towards the open glowing doorway behind the desk and exited.

The room flashed twice, dimly....

The body walked through the dimly lit hallway and found a resting chair and rested.

title: [SP][MS][SF] Today, There; Today, Here

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the theme of equality?

answer: The story suggests that there is a certain equality present in the world today which wasn't present before the Consolidation - though the road to this equality was initially overcame with great expense and not necessarily forced due to technological advances. Today, those with access to resources have the same opportunity as those without access to those same resources - though there may be some dissatisfied individuals who feel unchallenged in their life. The theme of equality is one of increased accessibility.

text: These contradictions are extraneous and confusing. They do not add anything to answer the question about equality and should be removed.

refinement: The story suggests that there is a certain equality present in the world today which wasn't present before the Consolidation. Today, those with access to resources have the same opportunity as those without access to those same resources. The theme of equality is one of increased accessibility.

text: This sentence is confusing and could be worded better.

refinement: The story suggests that there is a certain equality present in the world today which wasn't present before the Consolidation. Because of technological breakthroughs, everything became reasonably cheap, and regular people had access to things once reserved for the wealthy elite. The theme of equality is one of increased accessibility.

answer: Things that were one prohibitively expensive became reasonably cheap. The world became more accessible. The breakthrough brought with it an equalling of the playing fields.

text: Change to "once"

refinement: Things that were once prohibitively expensive became reasonably cheap. The world became more accessible. The breakthrough brought with it an equalling of the playing fields.

answer: There are some who believe that the first Consolidation set the stage for the breakdown of equality with many areas of the world benefiting while others suffering, creating a myriad of deep problems in the global economy brought on by a disproportionate wealth gap between rich and poor countries alike. Equality on a global level is one of the scrupulus of the government. However, the narrator seems from their perspective to believe that the consolidation actually helped in this regard as it brought global equality.

text: Correct the spelling to "scrupulous".

refinement: There are some who believe that the first Consolidation set the stage for the breakdown of equality with many areas of the world benefiting while others suffering, creating a myriad of deep problems in the global economy brought on by a disproportionate wealth gap between rich and poor countries alike. Equality on a global level is one of the scrupulous of the government. However, the narrator seems from their perspective to believe that the consolidation actually helped in this regard as it brought global equality.

text: While this response can be viewed as correct, it should focus more on themes that are mentioned in the story.

refinement: Equality for all happens after the Consolidation (of the world or society, perhaps). Pre-Consolidation, everything was prohibitively expensive that presumably only the affluent could afford. Because of technological breakthroughs, everything became reasonably cheap, and regular people had access to things once reserved for the wealthy elite. The first grand discovery brought together the world's best minds, a gathering of experts last seen before the turn of the century. Their work raised the quality of life for all and leveled the playing field. However, the narrator seems from their perspective to believe that the consolidation actually helped in this regard as it brought global equality.

text: Can be worded better so it's less confusing.

refinement: Equality for all happens after the Consolidation (of the world or society, perhaps). Pre-Consolidation, everything was prohibitively expensive that presumably only the affluent could afford. Because of technological breakthroughs, everything became reasonably cheap, and regular people had access to things once reserved for the wealthy elite. The first grand discovery brought together the world's best minds, a gathering of experts last seen before the turn of the century. Their work raised the quality of life for all and leveled the playing field. The narrator seems to believe that the consolidation actually helped as it brought global equality.

answer: The theme of equality is suggested by the portrayal of individuals and the world around them living in a state of increased equality since the Consolidation. This is seen in the example of the officer being put in charge of observing certain individuals in society. Despite the task being important, the officer is not bothered by the work, which would have been extremely important in the past, but accepted, now that it is commonplace. This seems to suggest that life and individuals are now on a more equal playing field in society than before the Consolidation.

text: This part of the response has nothing to do with the theme of equality.

refinement: The theme of equality is suggested by the portrayal of individuals and the world around them living in a state of increased equality since the Consolidation. This seems to suggest that life and individuals are now on a more equal playing field in society than before the Consolidation.

answer: One of the things the consolidation provided for was equality and equality as a benefit for people. At first, privileges that were once expensive became available to people with less wealth and power, and many things that we previously considered outrageous became normalized.

text: Redundant.

refinement: One of the things the consolidation provided for was equality as a benefit for people. At first, privileges that were once expensive became available to people with less wealth and power, and many things that we previously considered outrageous became normalized.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the body's movements over the course of the story.

answer: The body wakes up, showers, leaves the bathroom, enters and exits the closet, is confronted by a man in the room of monitors, then rests in the hallway.

text: The body (officer) wasn't confronted by a man in the room of monitors. The body was alone in the room and the man was on the other side of the screen being monitored by the lens.

refinement: The body wakes up, showers, leaves the bathroom, enters and exits the closet, then rests in the hallway.

text: The response is missing a few details on the body's movement throughout the story.

refinement: The body wakes up, showers, leaves the bathroom, enters and exits the closet, enters a room (the closet?) full of blinking bulbs that gave off intense heat, sighs, sits down, and faces a wall of monitors. After observing the lives of the people on the list, the body rises from the chair, exits the room, then rests in the hallway.

answer: The body rises from the bed. It enters and then exits the shower. The body sits down and peers at the wall of monitors. After the room flashes, the body walks through the dimly lit hallway and rests on a chair.

text: The body rises from the chair first and exits the room before the flashes occur.

refinement: The body rises from the bed. It enters and then exits the shower. The body sits down and peers at the wall of monitors. After observing the lives of the people on the list, the body rises from the chair and exits the room. The room dimly flashes twice as the body walks through the dimly lit hallway and rests on a chair.

answer: The body wakes up in the morning and heads to the shower. Afterward, it enters a room with numerous screens and looks through them. The officer later shuts down the screens and heads to another room where it finds a rest.

text: Change to "they find rest".

refinement: The body wakes up in the morning and heads to the shower. Afterward, it enters a room with numerous screens and looks through them. The officer later shuts down the screens and heads to another room where they find rest.

text: Although they are one and the same, the officer should be referred to as "the body".

refinement: The body wakes up in the morning and heads to the shower. Afterward, it enters a room with numerous screens and looks through them. The body later shuts down the screens and heads to another room where they find rest.

text: There are a few missing or incorrect details from the response.

refinement: The body rises from the bed, enters, and exits the shower. Afterward, it enters a room with numerous screens, sighs, sits down and looks through them. The body later shuts down the screens, rises from the chair, exits the room, walks through a dim hallway, and rests on a chair.

answer: The body wakes before the morning, goes for a shower, takes the light from within their room, and then sits down in front of a wall of monitors. The body then moves to sit in another chair outside in a hallway.

text: The highlighted texts are inaccurate. The body woke up and rose from the bed in the morning, not before. Lights were not taken from the room.

refinement: The body rises from the bed, goes for a shower, and then sits down in front of a wall of monitors. The body then moves to sit in another chair outside in a hallway.

text: The response could use more details about the body's movements.

refinement: The body rises from the bed, enters and exits the shower, enters a room full of blinking bulbs that gave off intense heat, sighs hard, then sits down in front of a wall of monitors. The body rises from the chair, exits the room, walks through a dimly lit hallway, and rests in a chair.

answer: The body wakes, gets out of bed, enters and exits the shower, and sits.

text: "and sits" is vague and needs more details because the body sat twice in the story.

refinement: The body wakes, gets out of bed, enters, and exits the shower. The body enters a room, sighs hard, sits down, and watches a wall of monitors. After observing the lives of the people on the list, the body rises from the chair, exits the room, walks through a dimly lit hallway, finds a resting chair, and rests.


split: train

text:
Introduction

Before we begin, please allow me to introduce myself. My name is not important, but who I am is. I am the last and only remaining observer of the apocalypse. The story you are about to read is about you and everyone you love.

Part 1 – Heat

“I can’t wait for the winter.” Zach says to himself, staring out his bedroom window at an empty park across the street. Zach is a 20 year old human, a college drop out. He was a political science major before the announcement. He didn’t see any reason to have any ambitions given the situation.

He sits on the edge of his bed and turns on the television in his room. He grew up in this house, and he knows it intimately. The volume on the television is too low to hear, Zach still looks outside of the window. “It will be better in the winter” he sighs.

The local 6 o’clock news plays silently. The closed captioning on the news reads “farmers are leaving their crops at a quickening pace, food prices are skyrocketing”.

Zach is still day dreaming about the cold when he is startled by a knock at the door.

“Dinner is ready!”

It was obvious to Zach’s mother that she had startled him. She already knew what was on his mind.

“I didn’t mean to scare you. We’re all a bit jumpy this time of year.”

Zach’s family didn’t have to worry about food prices. Zach’s parents were both involved in lucrative careers, and he has always enjoyed most everything he has ever wanted. Today all he wanted was to go outside and run for miles. If he ever got the chance, he decided he wouldn’t plan on stopping, and that he would run until he couldn’t run anymore.  Running outside is against the law now, and has been since the announcement. Only the police are allowed to run outside, and even then only under special circumstances. A boy who lived down the street ignored these rules a couple weeks ago and there has been no word of what happened to him since. Zach envied him, and hated himself for being too scared to follow his lead.

At the dinner table the discussion was brief and short as usual. Humans don’t talk as much as they used to. Humans are funny; they will do anything to keep living. Actually almost everything has changed since the U.N. made the announcement last April. The humans have migrated to rural areas at a staggering rate, and businesses have their employees work from home whenever possible.  Air conditioning is mandated for every property. The more comfortable people are, the lower their heart rate is. This keeps them alive longer. This helps them survive.

Zach finished his food and went back to his room. He spends most of his time there, watching television and drawing. He finds peace in solitude. As an optimist he tries to keep his brain on the move, just in case there is a solution. Apathy is his death and he knows it.

He takes a deep breath and closes his eyes, chasing sleep. He dreams about Christmas as a child, the presents, family gatherings, and snowball fights.

title: O - Part 1

question: Who is the narrator?

answer: The last and only remaining observer of the apocalypse

answer: The narrator is the last living human.

text: There is no mention that he is the last living human.

refinement: The narrator is the last remaining observer of the apocalypse.

answer: The narrator is the protagonist.

text: It is omitted that he is also the last remaining observer of the apocalypse.

refinement: The narrator is the protagonist and also the last remaining observer of the apocalypse.

question: What caused the apocalypse?

answer: There is no definitive answer to this question, as the reason why the apocalypse happened is unknown. However, in this passage it is speculated that it could have been caused by the U.N. announcing that the Earth's temperature is increasing too rapidly and that there is none coming to save us.

answer: It is unclear what caused the apocalypse.

answer: Details are not given in this passage, but the apocalypse is alluded to as "the announcement" made by the U.N. in April. Therefore, it is inferred that there is an unnatural cause, and that the apocalypse is man-made.

question: What do Zach's parents do for work?

answer: His parents both have very lucrative careers.

text: It isn't stated what they work as.

refinement: There is no mention of what they work as but it says that both have very lucrative careers.

answer: Zach's parents both work lucrative careers.

text: It isn't stated what they work as.

refinement: There is no mention of what they work as but both have lucrative careers.

answer: It is unclear, though it is mentioned that they have lucrative careers.

question: Why can't Zach go for a run?

answer: Zach can't go for a run, because going for a run is against the law, and only police are allowed to go for runs.

answer: There is some kind of danger, though it is unclear what the danger is exactly.

text: It is omitted that running outside is against the law.

answer: More than likely due to the apocalyptic situation.

text: It is omitted that it is against the law to go outside for a run.

refinement: More than likely due to the apocalyptic situation, it is against the law to go outside for a run. Only the police were allowed.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Zach is a 20 year-old living in an apocalyptic world. He wants to go for a run, but it has been deemed unsafe to run. Everyone stays inside and tries to survive. He eats dinner with his family, who doesn't have to worry about food prices. He goes back to his room and tries to remain optimistic.

text: It is omitted that running outside is against the law.

refinement: Zach is a 20 year-old living in an apocalyptic world. He wants to go for a run, but it has been deemed unsafe to run and is also against the law. Everyone stays inside and tries to survive. He eats dinner with his family, who doesn't have to worry about food prices. He goes back to his room and tries to remain optimistic.

text: "I am the last and only remaining observer of the apocalypse." This is evidence that Zach is living in an apocalyptic world.

answer: Volume is too low to hear the 6 pm news. The news reports that farmers are leaving their crops at a quickening pace, and food prices are skyrocketing. Zach is still daydreaming about the cold when his mother surprised him to announce dinner is ready. They eat quietly. Zach pines for outdoors and dreams about Christmas, family gatherings, and snowball fights.

text: Missing more relevant information.

refinement: Zach is living in an apocalyptic world. The news reports that farmers are leaving their crops at a quickening pace, and food prices are skyrocketing. Zach is still daydreaming about the cold when his mother surprised him to announce dinner is ready. They eat quietly. Zach pines for outdoors and dreams about Christmas, family gatherings, and snowball fights.

text: "If he ever got the chance, he decided he wouldn’t plan on stopping, and that he would run until he couldn’t run anymore." This is evidence that Zach pines for outdoors.

answer: The story is about a young depressed man named Zach and the apocalypse surrounding him. He wakes up from a daydream, turns on the television, see's food prices are skyrocketing, and hears "the U.N. made the announcement last April" about the war that's about to come. Zach goes to dinner with his family, eats, and returns back to his room watching television and drawing. He dreams about Christmas as a child.

text: It is wrongly stated that Zach turns on the television.

refinement: The story is about a young depressed man named Zach and the apocalypse surrounding him. He wakes up from a daydream, the television shows that the food prices are skyrocketing, and that "the U.N. made the announcement last April" about the war that's about to come. Zach goes to dinner with his family, eats, and returns back to his room watching television and drawing. He dreams about Christmas as a child.

answer:
The mother, frustrated due to her son's lack of ambition, jolts him away from retreating into his thoughts about winter by reminding him that the family dinner table could use his help. Zach, a political science dropout, is resting today hoping the winter to provide him a means to escape from his lack of freedom. The food prices have been consistently increasing and businesses are opting to have their employees work from home as much as possible to avoid inconveniences.
Zach's family, like many others, has the means to eat exceedingly well and raise their heart rates to avoid any type of illness.

text: It is wrongly stated that the heart rates have to increase.

refinement:
The mother, frustrated due to her son's lack of ambition, jolts him away from retreating into his thoughts about winter by reminding him that the family dinner table could use his help. Zach, a political science dropout, is resting today hoping the winter to provide him a means to escape from his lack of freedom. The food prices have been consistently increasing and businesses are opting to have their employees work from home as much as possible to avoid inconveniences.
Zach's family, like many others, has the means to eat exceedingly well and not raise their heart rates to avoid any type of illness.

answer: Zach is a 20-year-old boy who has been having trouble sleeping because of the heat in the summer, and he is concerned about food prices since agriculture is taking a hit because of summer temperatures. Zach lives a comfortable life because of his parents' lucrative careers. But food prices are so expensive that it's enough to make him not have much of an appetite. Zach's thoughts shift from the heat and food prices to memories of Christmas when someone knocked on his door to inform him that dinner was ready.

text: There is no evidence that he cannot sleep because of the heat.

refinement: Zach is a 20-year-old boy living in an apocalyptic world. he is concerned about food prices since agriculture is taking a hit because of summer temperatures. Zach lives a comfortable life because of his parents' lucrative careers. But food prices are so expensive that it's enough to make him not have much of an appetite. Zach's thoughts shift from the heat and food prices to memories of Christmas when someone knocked on his door to inform him that dinner was ready.

text: There is no evidence that Zach is concerned about the rising food prices.

refinement: Zach is a 20-year-old boy. Zach lives a comfortable life because of his parents' lucrative careers. But food prices are so expensive that it's enough to make him not have much of an appetite. Zach's thoughts shift from the heat and food prices to memories of Christmas when someone knocked on his door to inform him that dinner was ready.

text: There is no mention in the passage of Zach losing his appetite.

refinement: Zach is a 20-year-old boy. Zach lives a comfortable life because of his parents' lucrative careers. Zach's thoughts shift from the heat and food prices to memories of Christmas when someone knocked on his door to inform him that dinner was ready.

text: It is omitted that he longs to go outside.

refinement: Zach is a 20-year-old boy. Zach lives a comfortable life because of his parents' lucrative careers. Zach longs to go outside for a run but it not allowed. His mom calls him for dinner, in the background the news plays at a low volume talking about the rising food prices. After dinner, Zach goes back to his room and dreams about his Christmas as a child.

text: Zach's parents have lucrative jobs goes to show that he lives a comfortable life.

answer: The text is an excerpt from an observer's journal (the only one left) of the apocalypse. Zach is a 20 year old boy, who was a political science major before the announcement. Five months ago, the United Nations made the announcement for human survival, which prompted humans to migrate in large numbers into rural areas. Ceremonies have changed too with the rise of the 'iconization' - instead of burying or cremating or burning ones, they now are buried, cremated, and their ashes flown back as aerial offerings in their name. Also, Air conditioning is mandated for every property and every employee has to work remotely. Greed shows man at his worst.

text: There is no evidence that the U.N. made the announcement five months ago.

refinement: The text is an excerpt from an observer's journal (the only one left) of the apocalypse. Zach is a 20 year old boy, who was a political science major before the announcement. The United Nations made the announcement for human survival, which prompted humans to migrate in large numbers into rural areas. Ceremonies have changed too with the rise of the 'iconization' - instead of burying or cremating or burning ones, they now are buried, cremated, and their ashes flown back as aerial offerings in their name. Also, Air conditioning is mandated for every property and every employee has to work remotely. Greed shows man at his worst.

text: There is no mention of 'iconization' in the passage.

refinement: The text is an excerpt from an observer's journal (the only one left) of the apocalypse. Zach is a 20 year old boy, who was a political science major before the announcement. The United Nations made the announcement for human survival, which prompted humans to migrate in large numbers into rural areas.  Also, Air conditioning is mandated for every property and every employee has to work remotely.


text:
_by Amit Vasanji, Ph.D., and Brett A. Hoover_

The addition of imaging to a clinical trial, regardless of the therapeutic area, indication or treatment, creates a layer of complexity and produces new regulatory and workflow compliance challenges. A given trial can have any number of images from a variety of modalities that require review by clinical expert readers (e.g., radiologists, pathologists, dermatologists, cardiologists), typically at multiple sites. The more variables present, the more opportunities exist for error(s), compliance mis-steps and subjective ― often biased ― data.

Fortunately, technology exists to help guide the imaging evaluation process. For example, image analysis software can be implemented to direct and guide a reader through the analysis of each imaging time point and even pre-process and segment anatomical structures of interest in lock-step with the study’s imaging charter and Independent Review Manual (IRM). This minimizes protocol deviations and ensures that each reader’s unique bias does not creep into the trial’s imaging analysis process by focusing the reader on targeted endpoints whose workflows are outlined in the trial-specific IRM. Software-guided reads are becoming an important part of trial design and the development of the trial’s IRM to help ensure all images are read uniformly and consistently, minimizing inter-/intra-reader variability and the potential for imaging-related queries. Simply stated, image analysis software brings myriad benefits to clinical studies, including accuracy, consistency, adaptability and compliance.

[IMAGING ANALYSIS SOFTWARE HAS TANGIBLE BENEFITS]

ACCURACY & CONSISTENCY

By designing an IRM that includes software-guided reads tailored to the trial’s imaging charter, trial leaders help enable and protect the accuracy and reproducibility (i.e., quality) of imaging endpoint data. Image readers are prompted by the software when exams are ready to be read – each reader interfacing with the software, imaging exams, and measurement and viewing tools within a unified imaging management system. And, the software requires the reader to comply with the IRM’s workflow – minimizing the introduction of reader-specific bias and unintended protocol deviations. As image observations and measurements are completed, the software captures each read (i.e., automated eCRF field population and corresponding image measurement overlays), providing a clear audit trail, eliminating eCRF transcription errors, and reducing data queries to accelerate database lock at study completion.

ADAPTABILITY

Very few trials run entirely smoothly. Unexpected challenges always seem to arise, such as the introduction of new or replacement readers. Utilizing image analysis software also facilitates the transition to or introduction of new clinical expert readers into the imaging evaluation process, while minimizing any potentially negative impact this might have on final data quality and consistency. And, if the new reader makes an error, the software helps identify, document and correct the anomaly ― and signal if additional IRM training and/or image evaluation workflow adjustments may be required. Software that tracks reader assessments can provide real-time rates of discordance and can be particularly helpful for studies with batched reads.

COMPLIANCE

While urging trial sponsors to incorporate more rigorous, controlled imaging methods and objectives into their studies, the FDA and other regulators want to see consistency and objectivity in every facets of every clinical trial. Consistent image acquisition, processing and evaluation processes are not only important for ensuring imaging endpoint data quality, objectivity and reproducibility, they’re  also crucial for meeting regulatory standards for obtaining marketing approval. Surprisingly, many trials conducted today often have little or no traceability for imaging-related measurements. For example, reader delineation of a tumor on a lung CT is often not saved and documented. This prevents a sponsor or monitor from auditing the read consistency. More importantly, not being able to visually recall prior measurements in a longitudinal study prohibits accurate assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

Clinical trial sponsors need not worry about meeting regulators’ increasing requests for imaging data in their clinical development programs. By leveraging today’s advanced image analysis software solutions, sponsors can overcome the challenges of traditional clinical trial imaging approaches, position their trials for success and accelerate new product development.

_Amit Vasanji, Ph.D. is Chief Technology Officer, Imaging at ERT_

_Brett A. Hoover is Product Management, Imaging at ERT_

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What makes it so difficult to evaluate images in a clinical trial?

answer: A clinical trial often requires the evaluation of a number of images taken from different vantage points. These must be evaluated by a number of experts, many of whom are at different sites. The more variables they have to evaluate, the more likely it is that they will make a mistake.

answer: There a number of these and it requires expert reviews by a variety of readers in a variety of locations. A trial can have any number of sides to it which could mean even more.

answer: The variety of modalities and images in a clinical trial create many opportunities for error and bias. Image analysis software can help to guide clinicians through their review process to ensure data quality, consistency and compliance.

answer: The imaging evaluation process can be more challenging than anticipated due to a variety of images from different modalities requiring review by clinical expert readers. This introduces opportunities for error and variation in what each reader sees and assesses. Image analysis software can help mitigate the introduction of subjective bias and ensure consistency throughout the image evaluation process. This helps ensure data quality, meeting regulatory standards.

answer: Any number of images from any number of modalities with any number of variables can create errors and biases in a human reader.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How can we improve the efficacy of the evaluation process?

answer: Image reader readers should have to comply with the IRM and viewing tools. The readers each interface with the software as well as with what tests or exams and measurements are given during this process.

answer: We can install image analysis software to direct and guide the reader through the analysis of each image. This minimizes protocol deviations and ensures that each reader’s unique bias does not creep into the trial’s imaging analysis. it ensures that the images are uniformly and consistently read, minimizing variability and accuracy, consistency, adaptability and compliance.

text: Capitalize the letter

refinement: We can install image analysis software to direct and guide the reader through the analysis of each image. This minimizes protocol deviations and ensures that each reader’s unique bias does not creep into the trial’s imaging analysis. It ensures that the images are uniformly and consistently read, minimizing variability and accuracy, consistency, adaptability and compliance.

answer: By designering the IRM with software-guided reads tailored to the trial's Imagin g charter, they help prevent the accuracy and reproducibility of the study.

answer: By implementing image analysis software to direct and guide the imaging evaluation process, trial leaders can increase accuracy, consistency and compliance. This will help ensure that imaging endpoints are made accurately and reproducibly. This is crucial for meeting regulatory standards for obtaining marketing approval. This will also provide a clear audit trail and reduce data queries, making it possible for accurate assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

answer: By using image analysis software to guide assessment, trial leaders help ensure reproduction of the imaging endpoints, increase accuracy and quality of imaging endpoint data, more easily accommodate new readers, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. This ultimately enables a trial to more accurately measure therapeutic efficacy.


text:
SPENCER LARSEN (born March 4, 1984) is a former American football fullback. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arizona, primarily as a linebacker.[1]

Early years

Larsen earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors and was named First-team All-State by The Arizona Republic as a senior at Highland High School in Gilbert, Arizona after recorded 124 tackles as a senior. He was also the All-Region co-Defensive Most Valuable Player.

College career

In 2007 Larsen was a First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior at Arizona after leading the conference with 131 tackles (87 solo) in 12 games (12 starts). He added four sacks, one interception, five pass breakups, four fumble recoveries and three forced fumbles. The year before, 2006, Larsen received Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a junior after making 89 tackles (63 solo), two sacks (11 yds.) and one interception in 12 games (12 starts). He also had three pass breakups, three fumble recoveries and two forced fumbles. He was also First-team Academic All-Conference. In 2005, he saw action in eight games (6 starts) as a sophomore and totaled 51 tackles (29 solo), one sack, one pass breakup and one fumble recovery. He also received Second-team academic All-Conference recognition. Larsen did not play football from 2003-04 because he was on a mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile. In 2002 Larsen played all 12 games (7 starts) as a true freshman for Arizona and recorded 41 tackles (30 solo), two sacks and three pass breakups and was named Third-team freshman All-America and First-team freshman All-Pacific-10 Conference by The Gridiron Report. He was the defensive MVP of the 2008 East–West Shrine Game.[2]

Professional career

Pre-draft

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------- --------------- --------------- --------- --------- --------- ------------------ ------- -----------
                              _Pre-draft measureables_
                                       Height
                                       6-2 **
   '**represents Arizona Pro Day—_“X” Denotes “No Data” or “Did Not Participate”_
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------- --------------- --------------- --------- --------- --------- ------------------ ------- -----------

Denver Broncos

On November 16, 2008, in a Broncos 24-20 road win over the Atlanta Falcons, Larsen became the first NFL player since 2003 (and only the fourth since 1990)[3] to start a game on both offense (fullback) and defense (linebacker).[4] The positions fullback and linebacker both involve considerably more contact than the wide receiver / cornerback positions played by other modern two-way players such as Troy Brown, Deion Sanders, Julian Edelman, and Champ Bailey. He also played on special teams during the game, including the opening kickoff. Larsen earned Diet Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week honors for the first time in his career for his performance against the Falcons.[5]

New England Patriots

Larsen signed with the New England Patriots on March 22, 2012.[6] He was placed on season-ending injured reserve on August 27, 2012 and released from the team on March 4, 2013.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

On July 27, 2013, Larsen signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.[7] On August 26, 2013, he was released by the Buccaneers.[8] Larsen re-signed with the team on September 10, 2013. He was released again on September 14, 2013. He was re-signed on September 25, 2013.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5] Larsen voted Diet Pepsi Rookie of the Week

[6] Report: Patriots agree with FB Larsen

[7]

[8]

title: Spencer Larsen

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Spencer Larsen?

answer: Spencer Larsen is a former NFL fullback who was drafted by the Denver Broncos in 2008. He led the Pacific-10 Conference in tackles in 2007 and earned several accolades for his performance in 2008. Larsen has also started both on the offensive line and at linebacker in NFL games, and is considered a two-way player.

text: "the offensive line" should be "offense (fullback)"

refinement: Spencer Larsen is a former NFL fullback who was drafted by the Denver Broncos in 2008. He led the Pacific-10 Conference in tackles in 2007 and earned several accolades for his performance in 2008. Larsen has also started both on offense (fullback) and at linebacker in NFL games, and is considered a two-way player.

answer: Spencer Larsen is a former American football fullback. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arizona, primarily as a linebacker.

answer: At the time of the article, Larsen was a former American football player and fullback. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arizona and primarily as a linebacker though he also served as a running back. His position in the NFL included playing both fullback and linebacker.

answer: Spencer Larsen is a former American football fullback. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL draft. He was also a linebacker during his college years.

answer: According to the passage, Spencer Larsen is a former American football fullback who played college football at Arizona and was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the 2008 NFL Draft. He is skilled at playing both fullback and linebacker and has received recognition for his play on both offense and defense.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Spencer Larsen's early years?

answer: Spencer Larsen is from Gilbert, Arizona. He played football in high school and led his team to win awards. He played at Arizona and finished two years with the football team. He played linebacker.

text: The text does not say what position he played in his early years.

refinement: Spencer Larsen is from Gilbert, Arizona. He played football in high school and led his team to win awards. He played at Arizona and finished two years with the football team.

text: He won awards, but it is not clear if he led his team to win awards.

refinement: Spencer Larsen is from Gilbert, Arizona. He played football in high school and won multiple awards. He played at Arizona and finished two years with the football team.

text: The text does not say how many years he was with the team.

refinement: Spencer Larsen is from Gilbert, Arizona. He played football in high school and won multiple awards. He played at Highland High School in Gilbert, Arizona.

answer: Spencer Larsen was named First-team All-State by The Arizona Republic for his high school football play and earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors. In college at Arizona, he was named First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior and earned Second-team All-Conference honors as a junior and Third-team freshman All-America honors. He also played on special teams in 2008. Larsen signed with the New England Patriots in 2012 and was released in 2013.

text: The statement that he played on special teams in 2008 is unattested.

refinement: Spencer Larsen was named First-team All-State by The Arizona Republic for his high school football play and earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors. In college at Arizona, he was named First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior and earned Second-team All-Conference honors as a junior and Third-team freshman All-America honors.  Larsen signed with the New England Patriots in 2012 and was released in 2013.

text: Larsen signing with the Patriots is not relevant to his early years.

refinement: Spencer Larsen was named First-team All-State by The Arizona Republic for his high school football play and earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors. In college at Arizona, he was named First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior and earned Second-team All-Conference honors as a junior and Third-team freshman All-America honors.

answer: During his early years, Larsen earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors and was named First-team All-State by The Arizona Republic as a senior. He was also the All-Region co-Defensive Most Valuable Player.

answer: He earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors and was named First-team All-State as a senior in high school. In college, he received Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a junior, First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a senior, and was named Defensive MVP of the 2008 East-West Shrine game. In the NFL, he started for both offense and defense, and earned Diet Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week honors.

text: His NFL career is not relevant.

refinement: He earned SuperPrep All-Farwest honors and was named First-team All-State as a senior in high school. In college, he received Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a junior, First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a senior, and was named Defensive MVP of the 2008 East-West Shrine game.

answer: Larsen was all-state as a linebacker during his senior year of high school at Highland High. He earned all-conference as a junior and senior.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Larsen's college career?

answer: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007 and 2009 and was named All-conference freshman All-American in 2002. He also played fullback and linebacker in college and started at both positions in the NFL in 2008.

text: The text does not mention that he was named All-conference freshman All-American in 2002, which would fall outside his college years anyway.

refinement: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007 and 2009. He also played fullback and linebacker in college and started at both positions in the NFL in 2008.

text: His NFL career is irrelevant.

refinement: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007 and 2009.

text: The text does not state that he received that honour in 2009 as well.

refinement: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007.

text: The answer could mention some of his other awards.

refinement: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007. He also received Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2006 and was the defensive MVP of the 2008 East-West Shrine Game.

answer: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007, was the defensive MVP of the 2008 East–West Shrine Game, and received Second-team academic All-Conference recognition in 2005. Larsen entered the NFL in 2008 as a fullback and also played linebacker during the game.

text: Larsen's NFL career is not relevant.

refinement: Larsen earned All-Pacific-10 Conference honors in 2007, was the defensive MVP of the 2008 East–West Shrine Game, and received Second-team academic All-Conference recognition in 2005.

answer: Larsen was a First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior at Arizona and led the conference in tackles with 131 in 2007. He received Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a junior after making 89 tackles that year.

answer: Larsen earned a total of seven First-team All-region awards during his college career, and he was named First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior, after leading the conference with 131 tackles in 12 games (12 starts). He added four sacks, one interception, five pass breakups, four fumble recoveries, three forced fumbles and two defensive touchdowns in the same season.

text: Not all of his awards were All-Region awards (one was an MVP award).

refinement: Larsen earned a total of seven awards during his college career, and he was named First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior, after leading the conference with 131 tackles in 12 games (12 starts). He added four sacks, one interception, five pass breakups, four fumble recoveries, three forced fumbles and two defensive touchdowns in the same season.

answer: During his college days in 2007, Larsen was a First-team All-Pacific-10 Conference as a senior at Arizona. The year before, he was a Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference honors as a junior.


text:
Washington (AFP) - A new genetic history of HIV shows how the pandemic almost certainly took root in the 1920s in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, researchers said Thursday.

Assisted by train transport and the sex trade, the virus that causes AIDS then spread across the continent and eventually the world, infecting some 75 million people and killing 36 million of them.

An international team of researchers reconstructed the genetic history of the HIV-1 group M pandemic, and found that the common ancestor of group M is "highly likely" to have emerged in Kinshasa around 1920.

While various strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have jumped from primates and apes to humans at least 13 times, only one such transmission event has led to a human pandemic.

And it did because it was aided by "a 'perfect storm' of factors, including urban growth, strong railway links during Belgian colonial rule, and changes to the sex trade, combined to see HIV emerge from Kinshasa and spread across the globe" between the 1920s and 1950s, said the study in the journal Science.

"For the first time we have analyzed all the available evidence using the latest phylogeographic techniques, which enable us to statistically estimate where a virus comes from," said senior author Oliver Pybus of Oxford University's Department of Zoology.

"This means we can say with a high degree of certainty where and when the HIV pandemic originated."

A key factor in the pandemic's spread was the use of trains as transport, which helped bring the virus from isolated pockets of people into the larger city, which was Kinshasa, among the best connected of all central African cities.

"Data from colonial archives tells us that by the end of 1940s over one million people were travelling through Kinshasa on the railways each year," said Nuno Faria of Oxford University's Department of Zoology, first author of the paper.

Then, looking at genetic data, scientists could see that HIV spread across what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly the Belgian Congo and Zaire) to other major cities, by the early 1950s.

These regional hubs were connected to southern and eastern African countries.

"We think it is likely that the social changes around the independence in 1960 saw the virus 'break out' from small groups of infected people to infect the wider population and eventually the world," Faria said.

These social changes include sex workers who took on a large number of clients, coupled with "public health initiatives against other diseases that led to the unsafe use of needles (which) may have contributed to turning HIV into a full-blown epidemic," the study said.

Campaigns to treat people with sexually transmitted diseases may have been carried out using needles that were not sterile, suggesting another route for HIV and co-infections with hepatitis C that are often seen in men in the DRC over 50.

HIV was first identified in 1981, and the AIDS epidemic ballooned for more than a decade until antiretroviral drugs were created. These long-term regimens have transformed HIV from a fatal disease into a chronic condition for many of those infected.

Researchers said further study is needed to understand the different social factors that enabled the virus to spread the way it did.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When did AIDS emerge?

answer: AIDS emerged in 1981.

text: The actual date of AIDS breaking out was 1920.

refinement: AIDS was first identified in 1981, but it likely emerged around 1920.

answer: Between the 1920s and the 1950s.

answer: AIDS most likely emerged in Kinshasa around 1920.

answer: According to the researchers, there are evidence that HIV spread across what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo into other major cities by the early to mid 1950s.

text: It emerged in 1920

refinement: According to the researchers, there is evidence that HIV emerged around 1920, and spread across what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo into other major cities by the early to mid 1950s.

answer: AIDS emerged in the 1920s in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What African city did AIDS first break out in?

answer: The Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly the Belgian Congo)

text: DRC is a country; Kinshasa is a city

refinement: Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly the Belgian Congo)

answer: Kinshasa.

answer: Kinshasa.

answer: Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

answer: Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many people travelled by train every year through Kinshasa at the end of the 1940s?

answer: One million

text: Over 1 million

answer: Over one million people.

answer: At the end of the 1940s, over one million people travelled through Kinshasa by train each year.

answer: At least one million people travelled by train every year through Kinshasa at the end of the 1940s.

answer: One million.

text: More than one million

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What caused the virus to break out and infect the world?

answer: The social changes around the independence in 1960 led to the virus breaking out and infecting the wider population. It was aided by factors including urban growth, strong railway links, changes to the sex trade, and the unsafe use of needles.

answer: Belgian colonial rule, urban growth, strong railway links, and changes to the sex trade policies could have paved the way in infecting the wide population.

text: Discuss the sexual revolution of the 1960s.

refinement: Belgian colonial rule, urban growth, strong railway links, and changes to the sex trade policies could have paved the way in infecting the wide population. The wider world may have been effected by the sexual revolution of the 1960s.

answer: Independence in the 1960s.

text: What independence?

refinement: Greater sexual independence in the 1960s.

text: More information about Africa

refinement: For the African population it was due to the presence of trains. For the wider population, another factor was greater sexual independence in the 1960s, and the use of needles in unsanitary places.

answer: This information can't be found.

text: Yes it can

refinement: Belgian colonial rule, urban growth, strong railway links, and changes to the sex trade policies could have paved the way in infecting the wide population. The wider world may have been effected by the sexual revolution of the 1960s.

answer: The social changes surrounding independence in the Democratic Republic of Congo are likely to have caused the virus to break out and infect the wider population and eventually become a global pandemic. Included in these were the use of trains and unsafe needle use, both of which helped facilitate the spread of HIV.

text: Mention the sexual revolution.

refinement: The social changes surrounding independence in the Democratic Republic of Congo are likely to have caused the virus to break out and infect the wider population and eventually become a global pandemic. Included in these were the use of trains and unsafe needle use, both of which helped facilitate the spread of HIV. Also the sexual revolution may have been a factor for the wider global population.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article explains in detail the origins and spread of HIV, a globally endemic disease. It goes into some detail about why and how the pandemic roots are in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

answer: A new genetic history of HIV confirms that the pandemic almost certainly took root in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo around 1920. The virus spread across Africa and eventually the world, and killed 36 million people since. Scientists believe that a number of factors, including train transportation, facilitated the spread of HIV. Additional research is needed to understand the social factors which enabled this rapid spread of HIV.

answer: The article discusses a study examining the African backstory of the AIDS epidemic, which emerged between 1920 and 1950 in central Africa. It discusses the politics of Belgian colonial rule, the use of trains in Kinshasa, and the eventual outbreak of the virus globally after decolonization.

answer: A new genetic study has provided the best evidence yet of where and when HIV originated, suggesting that the virus likely emerged in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the early 1920s. The virus spread quickly throughout the region and eventually the entire world aided by the use of trains. Further research is needed into the social factors that allowed the virus to spread so rapidly.

answer: A study into HIV's origins concludes that the virus has its roots in Kinshasa around 1920. It then spread across the continent and around the world.


text:
Hello, everyone! This is my first-ever non-essay piece of writing, and as such, it's foreign territory to me. I don't claim to be a writer, never have been, but I find writing is a good way to vent, so I've taken a liking to it. Obviously the following *story*, if you can even call it that, is a convoluted mess with no plot to it of any kind and a stupidly dumb amount of adjectives, I know. Its a first draft, or maybe a kind of only draft, as I don't intend to expand on this in anyway. I was having a bad day, and I wanted to translate my emotions onto paper. So. content of the story aside, I'd like to know how to improve my writing just in general. Any tips would be adored, because I understand you'll be reading this as a chore, if you do. Its pretty terrible in a funny way. I guess, here it is...

Death is a powerful word. Its a word with the ability to incite a plethora of emotions with one mention, whether good or bad. Its a word often spoken in hushed or callous regard, not one to be tossed flippantly into the mindless fray of droning conversation that weaves the fiber of our existence day in, day out. Its the answer to some, a break from the monotony of everyday life, and a chance to set free ones’ own consciousness; and to others, its a problem--perhaps even the problem--one that lingers mercilessly over the heads of all who are doomed to be, to exist, luring them like cattle into a final and inevitable end. Yet, for me, its a word that hangs pitifully off my tongue, much as I hang off the road of existence in a fleeting limbo between life and that which I had welcomed with hollow appraisal and broken, toothless smiles. Death.

You never truly understand life’s fragility until you meet face-to-face with God’s green Earth and the American dream--a well kept and meticulously trimmed yard--as I did, one dreamy spring morning, when taking a leap from my mother’s cherished terrace. Anticipation clung to the air, that day, as if all the residents of the Valley, behind their collective, projected state of normalcy, yearned to satiate their morbid curiosity and disrupt the almost infuriating familiarity of an undisturbed morning, such as the one they experience that day. They aren’t much unlike me in that regard, then, the people of the Valley; unlike me, though, they maintained the will to endure the masquerade, I reminisced while supplying my legs with the necessary power to propel myself over the edge. And in those last fleeting moments, I found myself befuddled, unable to think as clearly as I had just moments ago. I blamed it on the the winds sailing through the valley, where the scent of asphalt, burnt in the new day sun, took refuge, creating a noxious repellent that stung your nose and seized your thoughts. The proverbial toxin was administered to everyone in the Valley with indifferent impartiality; yet, it angered me, as I detected an almost sinister nature to the currents of air, being as I was unable to formulate thoughts conveniently just before the apex of my trivial existence. Before I knew it, that existence was no more.

title: Death (feedback needed!)

question: How did the author come to understand life's fragility?

answer: The author came to understand life's fragility by jumping off their mother's terrace.

text: 'You never truly understand life’s fragility until ... one dreamy spring morning, when taking a leap from my mother’s cherished terrace.'

answer: The author comes to understand life's fragility when they take their own life, jumping off their mother's terrace. They feel that the air around them is toxic, and that it makes it difficult to think clearly. This leads them to believe that life is fragile and can end at any moment.

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary

refinement: The author comes to understand life's fragility when they take their own life, jumping off their mother's terrace.

text: 'You never truly understand life’s fragility until ... one dreamy spring morning, when taking a leap from my mother’s cherished terrace.'

answer: They committed suicide.

text: could be more specific

refinement: The author comes to understand life's fragility when they take their own life, jumping off their mother's terrace.

answer: The author came to understand life's fragility when she took a leap from her mother's cherished terrace.

question: What is "God's green Earth and the American dream"?

answer: The "God's green Earth and the American dream" refers to the idyllic suburban setting in which the protagonist lives, and the idea of the "American dream" - a life of prosperity and happiness.

text: don't need The at the start of the sentence

refinement: "God's green Earth and the American dream" refers to the idyllic suburban setting in which the protagonist lives, and the idea of the "American dream" - a life of prosperity and happiness.

answer: The American dream is a phrase that refers to the idea that anyone can achieve success in the United States.

text: While this is true, as it pertains to the story the American dream refers to the particular setting in which the narrator lives.

refinement: "God's green Earth and the American dream" refers to the idyllic suburban setting in which the protagonist lives, and the idea of the "American dream" - a life of prosperity and happiness.

answer: Death.

text: While the author is drawing a parallel between idealized America and death, these ideas do not literally mean death in this context.

refinement: "God's green Earth and the American dream" refers to the idyllic suburban setting in which the protagonist lives, and the idea of the "American dream" - a life of prosperity and happiness.

answer: The narrator is jumping off a terrace.

text: The question is not about the occasion on which the author uses this image, but is about the meaning of the image.

refinement: "God's green Earth and the American dream" refers to the idyllic suburban setting in which the protagonist lives, and the idea of the "American dream" - a life of prosperity and happiness.

question: How does their mother feel about their suicide?

answer: The mother is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: It is not stated.

answer: From the author's description of the morning leading up to their suicide, it seems that their mother is likely devastated by their death. The author mentions that the residents of the Valley are also likely saddened by their passing, as they were just like them in wanting to disrupt the "almost infuriating familiarity" of a normal morning.

text: The mother is not mentioned in the passage.

refinement: The mother is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: It is not said in the text.

question: How did they commit suicide?

text: The answer field is empty.

answer: By jumping from their mother's terrace.

answer: They jumped off their mother's terrace.

answer: The protagonist jumps off of their mother's terrace, presumably to their death.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author knows the meaning of life-which they describe as God's green earth and the American dream-once they have committed suicide by jumping from the balcony of their mother's terrace.

text: The phrase meaning of life is not used -- instead it is an intimate understanding of life's fragility that the narrator gains by jumping off the terrace.

refinement: The narrator confronts life's fragility when they commit suicide by jumping from the balcony of their mother's terrace.

answer: The narrator is contemplating suicide and jumps off a balcony.

text: The philosophical musings surrounding the narrator's death are essential to the story.

refinement: The narrator is contemplating suicide and jumps off a balcony, finally confronting life's fragility.

answer: The narrator describes the word "death" and how it can be used to describe a variety of emotions.

text: the narrator does not discuss death as describing emotions, but instead as inciting emotions.

refinement: The narrator describes the word "death" and how it can be used to incite a variety of emotions.

text: This doesn't really get at the heart of the story.

refinement: The narrator confronts the fragility of life by jumping off of their mother's terrace.

answer: This piece is about a person who contemplates suicide, jumps off a building, and then reflects on their decision.

text: could be more specific about the building

refinement: This piece is about a person who contemplates suicide, jumps off their mother's terrace, and then reflects on their decision.


text:
 This article is more than 3 YEARS OLD

Threats by Rex Tillerson, would-be secretary of state, to stop access to islands are ‘mish-mash of naivety and shortsightedness’, says China Daily

[China’s Liaoning aircraft carrier conducts a drill in the South China Sea. State media has warned of conflict if the US attempts to block access to islands there.]

China’s Liaoning aircraft carrier conducts a drill in the South China Sea. State media has warned of conflict if the US attempts to block access to islands there. Photograph: China Stringer Network/Reuters

The US risks a “large-scale war” with China if it attempts to blockade islands in the South China Sea, Chinese state media has said, adding that if recent statements become policy when Donald Trump takes over as president “the two sides had better prepare for a military clash”.

China has controversially built fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea. Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed”.

China claims nearly the entire area, with rival claims by five south-east Asian neighbours and Taiwan.

Tillerson did not specify how the US would block access but experts agreed it could only be done by a significant show of military force. Tillerson likened China’s island building to “Russia’s taking of Crimea”.

“Tillerson had better bone up on nuclear power strategies if he wants to force a big nuclear power to withdraw from its own territories,” said an editorial in the Global Times, a Communist-party controlled newspaper.

“China has enough determination and strength to make sure that his rabble rousing will not succeed … Unless Washington plans to wage a large-scale war in the South China Sea, any other approaches to prevent Chinese access to the islands will be foolish.”

Rex Tillerson: I would block China’s access to islands in South China Sea
Under Barack Obama the US remained neutral on sovereignty claims, not recognising any ownership, but often challenged China’s control of the area by sailing warships past islands in what it called freedom of navigation exercises.

If that policy became more confrontational, including denying China access to islands it already controls, “it would set a course for devastating confrontation between China and the US”, declared the state-run China Daily.

China’s official response was more tame. Foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said China-US relations were based on “non-confrontation, non-conflict, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation”.

Both newspapers also dismissed recent statements by Trump and his team – taking a similar stance to the Chinese government, which is waiting for Trump to be sworn in before equating his words with policy.

Tillerson’s remarks “are not worth taking seriously because they are a mish-mash of naivety, shortsightedness, worn-out prejudices and unrealistic political fantasies”, the China Daily wrote. “Should he act on them in the real world it would be disastrous.”

There are signs, though, that Trump shares Tillerson’s views and they will be carried into the White House.

In December, Trump made similar comments in an interview with Fox News, accusing Beijing of “building a massive fortress in the middle of the South China Sea, which they shouldn’t be doing”.

Peter Navarro, Trump’s pick to head the newly created national trade council, has been extremely hostile to China and encouraged the president-elect to pursue a “peace through strength” policy in the region.

“Beijing has created some 3,000 acres of artificial islands in the South China Sea with very limited American response,” Navarro has previously written.

question: Why would the US attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea?

answer: The United States thinks China should not be building a massive fortress in the middle of the South China Sea.

text: "Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed”" is evidence that the US believes China does not have access to the area in the middle of the South China Sea.

text: "Tillerson likened China’s island building to “Russia’s taking of Crimea”" is further evidence that the US believe China's building in that area is unlawful.

answer: The US may attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea in order to challenge China's control of the area. This could lead to conflict between the two countries.

text: While it is true that this could lead to conflict between the countries, that detail does not address the question being asked.

refinement: The US may attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea in order to challenge China's control of the area.

answer: The US would attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea in order to prevent China from accessing them.

text: Does not explain why the US wants to block access to the islands.

refinement: The US would attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea in order to prevent China from accessing them. They do not believe China has the right to lay claim to those islands and build fortifications there.

text: "if the US attempts to block access to islands there" is evidence that the blockade would prevent China from accessing the islands.

answer: The US would attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea to prevent China from accessing them.

text: Does not explain why the US wants to block access to the islands.

refinement: The US would attempt to blockade islands in the South China Sea in order to prevent China from accessing them. They do not believe China has the right to lay claim to those islands and build fortifications there.

text: "if the US attempts to block access to islands there" is evidence that the blockade would prevent China from accessing the islands.

question: Why is China building fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea?

answer: China wants to have control over the area.

answer: China is building fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea in order to claim ownership of the area.

answer: China claims nearly the entire area, with rival claims by five south-east Asian neighbours and Taiwan.

text: The detail about the rival claims is true but is not necessary to answer the questions.

answer: China is building fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea in order to claim the entire area.

question: What is Rex Tillerson's view on the issue?

answer: He says that China’s access to those islands is not going to be allowed.

text: "Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed" is evidence that Rex Tillerson does not wish to allow China access to those islands.

answer: Rex Tillerson believes that China should not have access to the islands in the South China Sea.

text: "Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed" is evidence that Rex Tillerson does not wish to allow China access to those islands.

answer: According to the passage, Rex Tillerson believes that China should not be allowed access to islands in the South China Sea.

text: "Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed" is evidence that Rex Tillerson does not wish to allow China access to those islands.

answer: He believes that China's access to the islands will not be allowed.

text: "Rex Tillerson, Trump’s nominee for secretary of state, said China’s “access to those islands … is not going to be allowed" is evidence that Rex Tillerson does not wish to allow China access to those islands.

question: What is China Daily's comment on Rex Tillerson's statement?

answer: China Daily believes that Tillerson's statement is "a mish-mash of naivety, shortsightedness, worn-out prejudices and unrealistic political fantasies" and that it would lead to "devastating confrontation" if acted upon.

text: "Tillerson’s remarks “are not worth taking seriously because they are a mish-mash of naivety, shortsightedness, worn-out prejudices and unrealistic political fantasies”, the China Daily wrote" is evidence that China Daily does not take Tillerson seriously.

text: "Should he act on them in the real world it would be disastrous" is evidence that China Daily believes Tillerson's ideas would lead to a devastating confrontation if acted upon.

answer: China Daily's comment on Rex Tillerson's statement is that Tillerson had better bone up on nuclear power strategies if he wants to force a big nuclear power to withdraw from its own territories.

text: The statement given is attributes to the Global Times, not China Daily.

refinement: China Daily's comment on Rex Tillerson's statement is that Tillerson is not to be taken seriously and that if his comments were acted upon it would lead to a "devastating confrontation".

answer: China Daily says that Tillerson's remarks are not worth taking seriously because they are a mish-mash of naivety, shortsightedness, worn-out prejudices and unrealistic political fantasies.

text: While this is true, China Daily also warns of the dangers of enacting Tillerson's ideas in the real world.

refinement: China Daily says that Tillerson's remarks are not worth taking seriously because they are a mish-mash of naivety, shortsightedness, worn-out prejudices and unrealistic political fantasies. They also warn that if Tillerson's ideas were enacted in the real world, it would lead to a "devastating confrontation".

answer: China Daily says that Tillerson's statement is not worth taking seriously and that acting on it would mean war.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Rex Tillerson, Trump's nominee for secretary of state, said China's "access to those islands … is not going to be allowed". China has controversially built fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea.

text: The order of the sentences seems unintuitive.

refinement: China has controversially built fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea. Rex Tillerson, Trump's nominee for secretary of state, said China's "access to those islands … is not going to be allowed".

text: Does not mention the response to Tillerson's remarks.

refinement: China has controversially built fortifications and artificial islands across the South China Sea. Rex Tillerson, Trump's nominee for secretary of state, said China's "access to those islands … is not going to be allowed". China Daily responded that enacting Tillerson's ideas in the real world would lead to a "devastating confrontation".

answer: China has warned that if the US attempts to block access to islands in the South China Sea, there is a risk of "a large-scale war" between the two countries. The US has previously challenged China's control of the area by sailing warships past islands, but if this policy becomes more confrontational, it could lead to conflict.

text: Does not mention Rex Tillerson.

refinement: China has warned that if the US attempts to block access to islands in the South China Sea, there is a risk of "a large-scale war" between the two countries. The US has previously challenged China's control of the area by sailing warships past islands, but if this policy becomes more confrontational, it could lead to conflict. China is critical of threats made by Rex Tillerson, who stated that China's access to those islands would not be allowed.

answer: China is building artificial islands in the South China Sea. Chinese state media warns that the US risks a large-scale war if they attempt to block China's access to islands there.

text: Does not mention Rex Tillerson.

refinement: China is building artificial islands in the South China Sea. In response to threats made by Rex Tillerson, who believes China should not have access to those islands, Chinese state media warns that the US risks a large-scale war if they attempt to block China's access to islands there.

answer: China's state media warns of conflict if the US attempts to block access to islands in the South China Sea. The US risks a "large-scale war" with China if it attempts to blockade islands in the South China Sea.

text: Does not mention Rex Tillerson.

refinement: China's state media warns of conflict if the US attempts to block access to islands in the South China Sea. In response to comments made by Rex Tillerson, who insists China will not have access to those islands, China warns that the US risks a "large-scale war" with China if it attempts to blockade islands in the South China Sea.


text:
STEPHANIE MCKAY is an American soul singer and songwriter from the Bronx in New York, whose music includes elements of soul, funk, rock and hip hop. McKay's career has spanned over 20 years, during which time she has collaborated with artists including Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Roy Hargrove, Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, Carl Hancock Rux and Amp Fiddler and numerous others.[1][2] She has released two solo albums, McKay (2003) and Tell it Like it Is (2008), a self-titled EP Stephanie McKay (2006) and has toured internationally as a solo artist. She formerly played guitar in Kelis' band and recorded with the Brooklyn Funk Essentials.[3]

Early life

Stephanie McKay was born in NYC. Raised in the Bronx, an ethnically diverse district in New York City. During her early years she was a member of school choirs and music groups at Truman High School, before joining the Alvin Ailey School. McKay then moved onto the University of the Arts in Philadelphia where she graduated with a BFA in modern dance in 1993. The depth of her music influences when growing up in New York are rooted in the classic soul singers of the sixties and inventiveness of popular soul bands from the seventies. She spoke of this in a recent interview she gave;

  “_I have a brother who is eight years older than me, who was always playing 70's soul and funk music like Earth, Wind And Fire and the Ohio Players, while my mom was in the other room listening to Al Green and Barry White. On my own though, I was a fan of the classic pop station WABC, where I first discovered artists like Michael Jackson and Jim Croce_”.

In many ways, McKay's music is the continuation of the great legacy of these artists for a new generation.

Early music career

After a knee injury detoured her dance aspirations, McKay started to audition for singing jobs. One of those auditions was for producer Kashif who hired her on the spot for a new girl group called “The Promise”. The group went on to be signed by Clive Davis at Arista Records. Although never released, it was during this period that McKay began writing songs. She began to study voice privately with Don Lawrence and drums with Kenwood Dennard.

Solo career

While pursuing her professional music aspirations in New York, McKay continued to dance with several modern dance companies, Jane Comfort, Amy Pivar, Urban Bush woman, and sing her original music in New York City clubs. From her subsequent experience she began to gain more work as a session vocalist. She was hired to sing in the studio and onstage by various artists to complement their sound and live show. One of these artists was Carl Hancock Rux an Obie Award winning playwright, poet, novelist and recording artist. It was while working for Carl Hancock Rux, she sang a demo of one of his songs. The demo was passed by Rux to Geoff Barrow of Portishead who was starting work on a new project. While on tour with Kelis in England, Stephanie met Geoff at the recommendation of Rux and they decided to complete an album.

The album was entitled _McKay_ and included original compositions by Stephanie, along with producers Tim Saul and Geoff Barrow—the latter of the two is credited in the album's sleeve notes as “Fuzzface”. The album also features two songs co-penned by Geoff Barrow and Carl Hancock Rux and additional instrumentation by other notable, Bristol-based musicians in Adrian Utley and John Baggott. The LP also contains the closing track “Echo”, a Sweet Honey in the Rock cover version, penned by the acclaimed social activist, Bernice Johnson Reagon.

The album received critical acclaim. UK national newspaper _The Guardian_ commented that McKay's debut was “resurrecting the passion and pride of politically conscious and eternally lovelorn ladies of late-1960s, early 1970s soul, McKay shines bright,” while dance bible MOJO described McKay as “extraordinarily eclectic” and her album was “a coherent artistic statement and worth investigating.”

McKay went on to play the WOMAD, Bristol and the Jazz Cafe in England and her music received international acclaim and rotation on MTV. The album “McKay” was released in Europe on (Go Beat/Polydor/Universal). Word crossed the pond to America, and Stephanie was soon signed by American company Astralwerks/EMI . In an attempt to reintroduce McKay to the American market, US label Astralwerks released a five song EP in September 2006 with two new songs from forthcoming album and two older songs from “McKay” album and a remix by DJ Spinna of “Tell It Like It Is”, as well as being featured on US funk musician Amp Fiddler's album release _Afro Strut_.

Her second album 'Tell it like it is" was later released independently on Pias/Muthas of Invention. McKay went on to play Glastonbury in 2009, North Sea Jazz Festival, and Spoleto in France. The single “Jackson Avenue” received wide airplay throughout Europe. After the death of her mom in 2008 and the birth of her son in 2009, Mckay took a hiatus and concentrated on motherhood instead of touring. She continued to release singles with longtime collaborator DJ Katalyst from Australia with the single “Day into Night” and “You can't save me”.

She is married to jazz tenor saxophonist Jacques Schwarz-Bart. Jacques and Stephanie have collaborated musically with the album _Rise above_ (Dreyfus) an album released by her husband which contained the single “Feel so free”. Other songs from the album such as " Forget regret" have been recorded by Roy Hargrove. “Friend and lover” a composition McKay and Schwarz-bart wrote together for jazz guitarist Yosuke Onuma (Sony) Japan was also recorded by EMILY (jazz pianist and singer) and TOKU (trumpeter and singer) for Sony, and will be released in September 2013 in Japan.

Stephanie McKay is currently working with famed engineer Bob Power on a new collaborative project entitled [2sharp9]. In January 2013, she sang with Jimmy Cliff on The Super Bowl 2013 Volkswagen commercial “Get Happy”. Whether being hired live performer, studio session singer, or writer. Her work resonates with audiences and critics alike.

Music style

McKay's musical style has been described as “Motown meets midnight Marauder”. Her songs fuse powerful urban poetics with sonic sound waves that includes elements of hip-hop, rock, pop, soul.

Albums

-   McKay (2003)
-   Stephanie Mckay EP (2006)
-   Tell It Like It Is (2008)

Singles/EPs

-   Tell him
-   Take me Over
-   Tell it like it is
-   Stephanie McKay EP (2006)
-   Jackson Avenue (2008)

[1] 1

[2] 2

[3] Stephanie McKay Interview by Tom Paul. Soul Tracks March 21, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2011.

title: Stephanie McKay

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about McKay's collaborative works?

answer: McKay's collaborative works include singing with different artists and playing on albums of various genres. Some of these collaborators include DJ Spinna, Geoff Barrow, Amp Fiddler, and Jimmy Cliff. McKay also wrote songs with her husband, jazz tenor saxophonist Jacques Schwarz-Bar. Her music draws on elements of soul, funk, pop, and rock.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary and should be removed.

refinement: McKay's collaborative works include singing with different artists and playing on albums of various genres. Some of these collaborators include DJ Spinna, Geoff Barrow, Amp Fiddler, and Jimmy Cliff. McKay also wrote songs with her husband, jazz tenor saxophonist Jacques Schwarz-Bar.

answer: McKay's professional music aspirations in New York escalated due to the fact she continued to dance with several modern dance groups, Jane Comfort, Amy Pivar, Urban Bush Woman, and sing her original music in New York City Clubs, earning her a lot of work as a session vocalist and a session drummer. Her work with Carl Hancock Rux caught the eye and ear of Geoff Barrow of Portishead, who he sent one of her demo tapes and eventually an album. McKay has worked with other notable, Bristol-based musicians, Adrian Utley and John Baggott.

text: Rephrase the second sentence to make more sense.

refinement: McKay's professional music aspirations in New York escalated due to the fact she continued to dance with several modern dance groups, Jane Comfort, Amy Pivar, Urban Bush Woman, and sing her original music in New York City Clubs, earning her a lot of work as a session vocalist and a session drummer. Her work with Carl Hancock Rux caught the eye and ear of Geoff Barrow of Portishead, who was sent one of her demo tapes and eventually an album. McKay has worked with other notable, Bristol-based musicians, Adrian Utley and John Baggott.

text: Add other collaborators listed: Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Roy Hargrove, Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, and Amp Fiddler.

refinement: McKay's professional music aspirations in New York escalated due to the fact she continued to dance with several modern dance groups, Jane Comfort, Amy Pivar, Urban Bush Woman, and sing her original music in New York City Clubs, earning her a lot of work as a session vocalist and a session drummer. Her work with Carl Hancock Rux caught the eye and ear of Geoff Barrow of Portishead, who was sent one of her demo tapes and eventually an album. McKay has worked with other notable, Bristol-based musicians, Adrian Utley and John Baggott. Other collaborators mentioned include Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Roy Hargrove, Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, and Amp Fiddler.

answer: McKay collaborated with a lot of artists and producers in her career. After her dance career ground to a halt, she began getting hired as a session vocalist. She met Geoff Barrow during that time, and they released an album together alongside Tim Saul, Carl Hancock Rux, Adrian Utley, and John Baggott. Later, she released collaborative works with his husband Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Roy Hargrove, and Yosuke Onuma. Other notable artists McKay collaborated with include Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, and Amp Fiddler. She's currently working with Bob Power on a collaborative project.

text: Correct the pronoun in "his husband"

refinement: McKay collaborated with a lot of artists and producers in her career. After her dance career ground to a halt, she began getting hired as a session vocalist. She met Geoff Barrow during that time, and they released an album together alongside Tim Saul, Carl Hancock Rux, Adrian Utley, and John Baggott. Later, she released collaborative works with her husband Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Roy Hargrove, and Yosuke Onuma. Other notable artists McKay collaborated with include Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, and Amp Fiddler. She's currently working with Bob Power on a collaborative project.

answer: McKay's collaborative work has spanned over 20 years. She has toured internationally with other artists as a solo artist. In rare instances, she collaborates with other artists in order to complete an album. McKay's first album McKay was a collaboration with Geoff Barrow and Tim Saul. In her second album, “Tell it like it is,” McKay had collaborations with several artists including Geoff Barrow, Carl Hancock Rux, Jakob Schwarz Bart, and Adrian Utley and John Baggott. McKay is presently working on a project with Bob Power.

text: Remove "In rare instances" from the first sentence, it's inaccurate, and adjust the sentence grammatically.

refinement: McKay's collaborative work has spanned over 20 years. She has toured internationally with other artists as a solo artist. She has collaborated with other artists in order to complete albums. McKay's first album McKay was a collaboration with Geoff Barrow and Tim Saul. In her second album, “Tell it like it is,” McKay had collaborations with several artists including Geoff Barrow, Carl Hancock Rux, Jakob Schwarz Bart, and Adrian Utley and John Baggott. McKay is presently working on a project with Bob Power.

text: Add quotation marks to all album names for consistency.

refinement: McKay's collaborative work has spanned over 20 years. She has toured internationally with other artists as a solo artist. She has collaborated with other artists in order to complete albums. McKay's first album "McKay" was a collaboration with Geoff Barrow and Tim Saul. In her second album, “Tell it like it is,” McKay had collaborations with several artists including Geoff Barrow, Carl Hancock Rux, Jakob Schwarz Bart, and Adrian Utley and John Baggott. McKay is presently working on a project with Bob Power.

text: Grammar: add correct capitals to the title "Tell it Like it Is"

refinement: McKay's collaborative work has spanned over 20 years. She has toured internationally with other artists as a solo artist. She has collaborated with other artists in order to complete albums. McKay's first album "McKay" was a collaboration with Geoff Barrow and Tim Saul. In her second album, "Tell it Like it Is", McKay had collaborations with several artists including Geoff Barrow, Carl Hancock Rux, Jakob Schwarz Bart, and Adrian Utley and John Baggott. McKay is presently working on a project with Bob Power.

answer: McKay has collaborated with artists of different genres including soul, funk, rock and hip-hop. In addition, her creative works have received critical acclaim both domestically and abroad.

text: The second sentence is not relevant and should be removed.

refinement: McKay has collaborated with artists of different genres including soul, funk, rock and hip-hop.

text: Add the names of collaborative artists.

refinement: McKay has collaborated with artists of different genres including soul, funk, rock and hip-hop. These include Anthony Hamilton, DJ Spinna Toshi Reagon and Big lovely, Roy Hargrove, Jacques Schwarz-Bart, Katalyst, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Tricky, Carl Hancock Rux, Amp Fiddler, and numerous others.