text:
PLEASE VISIT OUR JEWISH ABOLITION MOVEMENT SECTION, WHERE YOU CAN FIND RESOURCES AND OTHER INFORMATION, INCLUDING SERMONS, AND THE EXCELLENT WORK UNDERTAKEN BY THE DEATH PENALTY ACTION GROUP.

YOU CAN FIND THIS SECTION HERE:

[]

_"WE SHOULD FIGHT AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY 100%, REGARDLESS OF THE CRIME – THAT IS MY BELIEF, AND HAS ALWAYS BEEN MY BELIEF." RANDY E HALPRIN_

DEAR VISITOR,

We welcome you to this site with open arms!

We would firstly like to invite you to visit our 'RANDY'S CASE' section where you will find a full and frank outline of Randy's case, and our 'CAMPAIGN' section where we will post updates and information as and when we can.

We would like to make it clear from the outset that Randy does NOT have access to the internet, or to a computer. This is NOT a fan site or a forum in which to ask for legal or financial support, and all decisions and posts regarding this site are made solely by Randy's close friends.

Over the 16 years Randy has been on death row, many people have visited his website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. We realise that since his execution date was issued last year, we now have many, many more visitors to the site and we would like to welcome all of you, and thank you for your support. As you will already know, Randy received a Stay of Execution on 4th October, 2019, and we are now entering a new phase in our fight.

As well as fighting for Randy's life, the purpose of our work on this website is to bring your attention to Randy's life, as we believe that he deserves another chance. The facts in Randy's case fully support our belief that he is NOT a killer, and should NOT be executed. There is a wealth of information on this website relating to Randy, his life, and his case; and in reading about his life as it is now - through his own personal writings - we hope you will come to the same conclusion and share his story with other people.

We realise that some of you will enter Randy's world cynically, and perhaps even condemningly...However, what you will read on this website is a true reflection of the person Randy is today. Reading through his journals and memoirs will show the reader that Randy is not only aware of the mistakes he has made in his life, but that he also takes responsibility for those mistakes - it would be very difficult to fake the type of growth we have seen blossom in Randy, over the last decade or so of his writings.

In Randy's _Memoirs_ (which you can read under the 'MEMOIRS' tab) he has told the story of his youth in great detail...For years, Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to 'give back' in some way, and in telling his story very openly, he hopes that this will help parents to recognise the warning signs that their children are struggling, and also help young people to not end up on the same road as he did. During the time that Randy wrote his _Memoirs_ he went through a very tough roller-coaster of emotions, but with the support and encouragement of his loved ones, he made it to the end.

We ultimately hope that you will leave this site with a clearer understanding of the death penalty and how it's applied. For further information, we have posted a list of links to various organisations with whom you can get involved, and lend your support. You can find this list under the 'NEWS' tab. We believe that life on death row should NOT be kept hidden from society, and should be openly talked about if change is to happen. For this reason, our work with Randy aims to educate and inform those who visit our website.

As you delve further into this website, please ask yourselves the following question...

_"Are any of us exactly the same person we were 20 years ago?"_

We hope you will come back and visit for more updates/developments in Randy's case, or, if you would like to get in touch, you can reach us at our email address: friendsofrandyhalprin@gmail.com.

We thank you for taking the time to read about Randy.

THE FRIENDS OF RANDY E. HALPRIN

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Randy on death row?

answer: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution for the fourth time in 2019. Randy is not a killer and should not be executed. There is a wealth of information on the website relating to Randy, his life, and his case. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did. Randy hopes that by telling his story, he can help others avoid the mistakes he made in his youth.

answer: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years after being arrested for allegedly murdering a 16-year-old girl. Halprin could have been convicted and executed because there are no more appeals. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. The Halprin's operation had come to a tipping point on his execution when they realised they would need to fight the system now rather than Randy's personal legal team. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: The text says nothing about this. This should be omitted.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. Halprin could have been convicted and executed because there are no more appeals. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. The Halprin's operation had come to a tipping point on his execution when they realised they would need to fight the system now rather than Randy's personal legal team. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: This sentence is inaccurate. Halprin can make appeals, and has already been convicted.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. The Halprin's operation had come to a tipping point on his execution when they realised they would need to fight the system now rather than Randy's personal legal team. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: This sentence is off. There is no mention of Randy's personal legal team, and how they need to fight the system rather than Randy's personal legal team.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019.. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: It's omitted that this stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: Specify that Randy has grown during his time on death row.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row. He has grown during his time on death row. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

text: It's omitted the author believes he's not a killer and shouldn't be executed.

refinement: Randy E. Halprin has been on death row for 16 years. The author believes he's not a killer and shouldn't be executed. Many people have visited Randy's website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on October 4, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row. He has grown during his time on death row. Randy has expressed his wish to give back in some way and tell his story in his memoirs, aimed to educate and inform those who visit his website so they can understand what it is like to be on death row.

answer: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has spent the last 10 years putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Despite all of this, Randy's execution and death was pushed back from October to April 2020.

text: The text does not say this.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has spent the last 10 years putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship.

text: It's omitted that Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has spent the last 10 years putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019.

text: It's omitted that this stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has spent the last 10 years putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

text: Specify that Randy has grown during his time on death row.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has grown as a person during his time. has spent the last 10 years putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

text: It's not said how long he's been writing for.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. He has grown as a person during his time. He has putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

text: It's omitted the author believes he's not a killer and shouldn't be executed.

refinement: Randy was sentenced to death row 16 years ago. The author believes he's not a killer and shouldn't be executed. He has grown as a person during his time. He has putting his story out in the public through his personal writings in memoirs. The purpose of doing this is to help kids who are struggling and to help society recognize warning signs that kids are on the verge of hardship. Randy was given an execution date, and then a stay of execution on October 4th, 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

answer: Randy has been on death row for 16 years. He has had many visitors to his website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on 4th October, 2019. He is now entering a new phase in his fight. Randy hopes that his story will help parents to recognize warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people not to end up on the same road as he did. He is not a killer and should not be executed.

text: Specify this is the author's belief.

refinement: Randy has been on death row for 16 years. He has had many visitors to his website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on 4th October, 2019. He is now entering a new phase in his fight. Randy hopes that his story will help parents to recognize warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people not to end up on the same road as he did. The author believes he is not a killer and should not be executed.

text: It's omitted that he has grown as a person during his time on death row.

refinement: Randy has been on death row for 16 years. He has had many visitors to his website to keep up with his life and how his appeals are progressing. Randy received a Stay of Execution on 4th October, 2019. He is now entering a new phase in his fight. He has grown during his time on death row. Randy hopes that his story will help parents to recognize warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people not to end up on the same road as he did. The author believes he is not a killer and should not be executed.

answer: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution for the fourth time in 2019. Randy is not a killer and should not be executed. There is a wealth of information on the website relating to Randy, his life, and his case. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did.

text: It should be stated it's the author's belief Randy shouldn't be executed and isn't a killer.

refinement: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution for the fourth time in 2019.The author believes he isn't a killer and shouldn't be executed. There is a wealth of information on the website relating to Randy, his life, and his case. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did.

text: This explains more about the website than Randy and death row. It should be omitted.

refinement: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution for the fourth time in 2019.The author believes he isn't a killer and shouldn't be executed. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did.

text: The text doesn't say he's been given a stay four times.

refinement: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution in 2019.The author believes he isn't a killer and shouldn't be executed. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did.

text: It's omitted that this stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.

refinement: Randy is on death row for 16 years. He has received a stay of execution in 2019. This stay of execution has elongated the fight for his life on death row.The author believes he isn't a killer and shouldn't be executed. Randy has expressed to his friends his wish to give back in some way. In telling his story, Randy hopes that this will help parents to recognize the warning signs that their children are struggling and help young people to not end up on the same road as he did.


split: train

text:
_LA MARCHA DEL GOLAZO SOLITARIO_ (Spanish for The March of The Lonely Huge Goal) Released in 1999 is the ninth studio album from the Argentine Ska Reggae Latin Rock band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs to reach gold.[1]

This is the last studio album from the band before taking a 9 years hiatus, combining the best of old with experimentation. “Los Condenaditos” unites samba beats to bluesy slide guitar and a wall of horns. There's even an instrumental Latin-jazz number, “57 Almas.”

Among the singles was the commercial success La Vida and Vos Sabes, whose video was censured in some countries for showing nudes.

Reception

The Allmusic review by Victor W. Valdivia awarded the album 2.5 stars stating "The thrash metal guitars and wild tempo changes have been abandoned for a jazzy, Brazilian feel. “C.J.” is a straight bossa nova track... while “Los Condenaditos” marries samba beats to bluesy slide guitar and a wall of horns. Lyrically, the band has toned down the quirky humor as well, preferring to write songs that are more reflective and philosophical, although there is still plenty of smart-ass humor to be found... Though Marcha is a frequently enjoyable listen, one can't help but feel that it's a bit of a step back (or at least sideways) after the peaks of their previous two albums, both of which would ultimately serve as better introductions to the Fabulosos Cadillacs. ".[2]

Track listing

1.  “La Vida” (“The Life”) (Flavio Cianciarulo) – 2:52
2.  “C.J.” (Vicentico) – 3:49
3.  “Los Condenaditos” (“The Little Damned”) (Vicentico, Gerardo Rotblat) – 5:08
4.  “Cebolla, El Nadador” (“Onion, The Swimmer”) (Vicentico) – 4:26
5.  “Vos Sabés” (“You Know”) (Cianciarulo) – 3:09
6.  “Piraña, Todos los Argentinos Somos D.T.” (“Piranha, All of Us Argentines are Coaches”) (Cianciarulo) – 3:03
7.  “El Baile de la Mar” (“The Dance of the Sea”) (Fernando Ricciardi) – 3:25
8.  “Roble” (“Oak”) (Vicentico) – 3:08
9.  “La Rosca” (“The Thread”) (Vicentico, Pablo Ziegler) – 4:28
10. “La Marcha del Golazo Solitario” (“The March of the Solitary Great Goal”) (Cianciarulo, Angelo Moore, Norwood Fisher, Walter Kibby) –  - “Rhythm-A-Ning” (Thelonious Monk)  - 5:06
11. “Águila” (“Eagle”) (Vicentico) – 3:22
12. “Salvador y los Cordones Flojos” (“Salvador and the Loose Shoelaces”) (Cianciarulo) – 2:53
13. “Necesito una Nariz de Payaso, ¿No Me Prestás la Tuya?” (“I Need a Clown Nose, Can I Borrow Yours?”) (Cianciarulo) – 3:10
14. “Negra” (“Black”) (Cianciarulo, Rotblat) – 1:57
15. “57 Almas” (“57 Souls”) (Cianciarulo) – 5:11
16. “Álamo” (“Poplar”) (Vicentico) – 1:25
17. “Porque Yo Te Amo” (“Because I Love You”) (Oscar Anderle, Sandro) - 4:26 _Additional track on reissue_

Personnel

-   Vicentico – vocals, piano on “Álamo” and “La Rosca”
-   Flavio Cianciarulo – bass
-   Ariel Minimal – guitar
-   Mario Siperman – keyboards
-   Fernando Ricciardi – drums
-   Daniel Lozano – trumpet & flugelhorn
-   Fernando Albareda – trombone
-   Gerardo Rotblat – percussion
-   Sergio Rotman - saxophone

Additional Personnel

-   Pablo Ziegler - Piano on “57 Almas”
-   David Campbell - String arrangements, orchestration and conducting on “Aguila”

[1] [http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Los+fabulosos+cadillacs&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP Certification]

[2] Valdivia, V. Allmusic Review accessed January 24, 2011

title: La Marcha del Golazo Solitario

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the kind of music the album La Marcha del Golazo Solitario is.

answer: The La Marcha del Golazo Solitario is a Latin Ska Reggae album.

text: Incomplete answer

refinement: There is a fusion of jazz and Brazilian beats in some songs, as well as experimentation with an instrumental Latin jazz number."Los Condenaditos" combines samba beats with bluesy slide guitar and a wall of horns.

answer: The band is described as being reggae, Latin, rock, and ska. They use a blend of samba beats, a blues guitar, and a chorus of horns. They have been described as having a "jazzy Brazilian feel".

answer: Los Fabulosos Cadillacs is a Reggae Latin Rock band. On this album there are samba, jazz and blues. The album is sounding quite old and harmonic.

text: Adds no value

refinement: Los Fabulosos Cadillacs is a Reggae Latin Rock band. On this album there are samba, jazz and blues.

answer: The La Marcha del Golazo Solitario is Latin-rock with samba and blues influences.

answer: There is a fusion of jazz and Brazilian beats in some songs, as well as experimentation with an instrumental Latin jazz number."Los Condenaditos" combines samba beats with bluesy slide guitar and a wall of horns.


text:
BRAIN CIRCULATION is the circular movement of skilled labour across nations.

Brain circulation differs from brain drain which describes skilled labour from certain countries emigrating to other countries in search of better opportunities. In India one witnessed large-scale emigration of engineers from its premier engineering institutes ) in the sixties, seventies and eighties.

The late nineties and the early years of the 21st century however saw large numbers of these emigrants returning to India as prospects in India improved markedly, brought on by important economic reforms initiated in the early nineties.

Brain circulation vs. brain drain

There has been debate whether outflow of high skilled labor mobility should be regarded positively or negatively. The core theoretical framework for studying human capital flows dates back to at least John Hicks (1932), who noted that “differences in net economic advantages, chiefly differences in wages, are the main causes of migration”. Classic literature back in 1950s~1980s also follows Hicks’ work, and has come to a consensus on receiving countries having benefits; however, sending countries lose human capital, and thus have potential negative effects of the skilled emigration (Bhagwati and Hamada, 1974).

Since the 1990s, a growing literature discusses the positive effect of high-skilled labor outflow, and argues that under certain circumstances, the brain drain may ultimately prove beneficial to the source country, and to do this while accounting for the various fiscal and technological externalities that were at the heart of the pessimistic models of the 1970s. Outflow of high-skilled labor can form a diaspora abroad, which promotes trade between the sending countries and countries that have the diaspora (Rauch and Trindale, 2002).

Some high skilled workers come back to their home countries, even though they once leave their home countries for various reasons such as political instability and wage gap. They still have connections with home countries through their extended families and friends, which can be an incentive for them to return home. Wahba (2014) points out that most migrants ponder and plan their move back home throughout their migration experience. There are growing evidences that show some immigrants decided to come back and start their new life in home countries. For example, 20 to 50% of immigrants return home or relocate to a different country within five years of their arrival (OECD, 2008). Also, almost one-third of the migrants who came to the U.S. between 1908 and 1957 returned to their home countries (Jasso and Rosenzweig, 1982). Moreover, nearly one-quarter of male migrants who came to Canada in 1996 left within five years (Aydemir and Robinson, 2008).

It is true that some high-skilled workers return to home countries, not just moving out abroad. Then, why do they come back? First, they return home because they cannot adopt themselves to a new environment abroad. If they have trouble finding a job or making social connections, they might consider returning home. Dustmann and Görlach (2016) point out that if migrants struggle to assimilate or learn the language, this can contribute to their desire to return home.

Second, they return home because home countries have economic opportunities. One of the most critical reasons of high skilled outflow is wage gap between home countries and host countries. Many highly educated people go abroad to find a better job with higher salary. If home countries have a better job environment with reasonable salary, they are more likely to return home. Whether countries focus on tertiary industry or not can also be an important sign for high skilled labor abroad to return home. If countries have more budget for R&D and focus on a knowledge-based economy, workers would expect that they are more likely to get a suitable job where they can make use of their experiences abroad and contribute. Shin and Moon (2018) mentioned that some migrants abroad were interested in engaging their home countries but did not want to permanently return. Thus, it is important for governments to supplement return migration support policies.

Third, they return home because home countries offer benefits for returning from the diaspora abroad. Countries need many high skilled workers to stimulate their economic development. Thus, some countries offer benefits to highly educated people such as tax exemption, housing, and legal benefits.

Returning migrants can contribute to their home countries in various fields. First, return migration improves financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks. They return home with a significant amount of financial capital, and a large portion of these savings is generally invested in housing and new businesses. Also, return migration has social networks around the world, which strengthens social networks within home countries and across the world (Adda et al., 2014). When migrants return home, they enhance social networks in several key ways. They build ties with other returnees and local non-migrants in job findings. They can also connect with diaspora members who remain overseas. These connections expand valuable social networks as well as professional ones.

Second, return migrants improve human capital and wage increases. The use of skills and knowledge acquired abroad can stimulate development and produce higher earnings at home. They also can show the importance of education through their successful career with higher education, which can increase people's expectations toward education.

Third, return migrations improve social norms and democracy. Many migrations from developing countries go to developed countries, where most countries have higher social norms with a democratic political system. Migrants are exposed to a host country's institutions, legal systems and other cultural norms. Batista and Vicente (2011) note that international migration can increase demand for improved governance. Countries can have more transparent political and economic systems through return migration.

Outflow of high-skilled labor has been considered as brain circulation, and they can potentially contribute to the home countries by bringing back their work experiences abroad.

title: Brain circulation

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Detail the ways in which brain circulation helps societies.

answer: It helps improve financial capital, entrepreneurship, and social networks. It also improves human capital and wage increases. It also improves social norms and democracy.

answer: It brings back financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks to the home country. It also has social networks around the world, which strengthens social networks within home countries and across the world.

text: Remove the final sentence of the response, it does not make sense.

refinement: It brings back financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks to the home country.

text: In addition to improving financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks, brain circulation can also improve human capital and wage increases and improve social norms and democracy. Include the other two points in the response as well.

refinement: It brings back financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks to the home country. Brain circulation also improves human capital and wage increases, as well as improving social norms and outlooks of democracy.

answer: High-skilled emigration can form a diaspora, which promotes trade between the host and sending countries. Institutions in developed host countries can cause social change, such as increasing transparency or improving political ideals. High-skilled workers return home to contribute financial capital and entrepreneurship as well as social networks. They may also help increase the standard of education. Return migration improve social networks within home countries and diaspora.

text: Return migrants can improve human capital and wage increases. Include this point in the response.

refinement: High-skilled emigration can form a diaspora, which promotes trade between the host and sending countries. Institutions in developed host countries can cause social change, such as increasing transparency or improving political ideals. High-skilled workers return home to contribute financial capital and entrepreneurship as well as social networks. Return migrants can improve human capital and wage increases. Return migration improve social networks within home countries and diaspora.

text: Remove the final sentence of the response, it duplicates some information.

refinement: High-skilled emigration can form a diaspora, which promotes trade between the host and sending countries. Institutions in developed host countries can cause social change, such as increasing transparency or improving political ideals. High-skilled workers return home to contribute financial capital and entrepreneurship as well as social networks. Return migrants can improve human capital and wage increases.

answer: High-skilled emigration can form a diaspora, which promotes trade between the host and sending countries. Institutions in developed host countries can cause social change, such as increasing transparency or improving political ideals. High-skilled workers return home to contribute financial capital and entrepreneurship as well as social networks. They may also help increase the standard of education.

answer: This section discusses 3 specific ways in which brain circulation helps societies. Firstly, it helps them bring home a considerable amount of financial capital. Secondly, they strengthen social networks in the home countries. Thirdly, they raise issues with society, the integrity of which help the country become more transparent.

text: The first way in which brain circulation helps society is by improving financial capital, entrepreneurship and social networks. This is a combination of the first and second points mentioned in the response, combine these sentences and add entrepreneurship to the response.

refinement: This section discusses 3 specific ways in which brain circulation helps societies. Firstly, it helps them bring home a considerable amount of financial capital and improves entrepreneurship and social networks. Secondly, they strengthen social networks in the home countries. Thirdly, they raise issues with society, the integrity of which help the country become more transparent.

text: The second way in which brain circulation strengthens societies is by improving human capital and wage increases. Include this as the second point of the response.

refinement: This section discusses 3 specific ways in which brain circulation helps societies. Firstly, it helps them bring home a considerable amount of financial capital and improves entrepreneurship and social networks. Secondly, they improve human capital and wage increases. Thirdly, they raise issues with society, the integrity of which help the country become more transparent.

text: The third way in which brain circulation helps societies is by improving social awareness thereby improving social norms and democracy. Add the outcome of issues raised and transparency in the response.

refinement: This section discusses 3 specific ways in which brain circulation helps societies. Firstly, it helps them bring home a considerable amount of financial capital and improves entrepreneurship and social networks. Secondly, they improve human capital and wage increases. Thirdly, they raise issues with society, the integrity of which help the country become more transparent thereby improving social norms and democracy.


text:
	She sat at the edge of her hospital bed looking out to the misty morning rolling over the city. She watched the birds roll and play with the wind that came off of the sea; she did this every morning. It had been hard for her these past few weeks, ever intensive treatments or  experimental drugs, she was fighting but losing her stamina.
	She got up slowly cringing at the feel of the chilled floor on her bare feet. She supported herself with the iv, she found it sad that  she was so young but she needed help just to walk down the hall.
	She was on her usual morning stroll around the hospital to see if there was any new excitement this morning. She noticed her favorite nurse and gave her a wave but she looked right past her with very sad look on her face. This wasn’t uncommon some mornings, they were always busy.
She walked to one of her favorite hallways, it was her favorite because of the pattern on the carpet in this section of the hospital. Also it was one of the most used hallways in the hospital and from here she could sit in one of the big couches and watch people as they came or left. She loved watching people leave, walking out into the morning daylight, she was envious.
	It was then that she noticed the kind looking elderly man sitting contently alone on one of the couches, it looked as though he was pondering something with a happy gaze on his face. She didn’t know what it was but there was something about this kindly looking old man that seemed so familiar to her, and so she decided to make a friend this morning.
	She loved talking to new people and hearing their stories of why they were there, Sometimes she comforted, sometimes she waited with people expecting new family members. Those were her favorite, seeing the joy on the family's faces when they got to see a new baby; she hadn’t felt that kind of joy ever.
	As she approached the old man he broke his stare into the distance and greeted her with a kind warm smile.
	“What’s your name my dear?” he asked with  a slightly trembling deep voice as she sat down next to him.
	“Katherine, but my friends just call me Kathy. You can call me Kathy.” she said so sure of herself, though she appeared so weak.
	“Ahhh Katherine, what a beautiful name. You know I had a daughter named Katherine, she was so beautiful.” he replied giving the young girl a slight wink.
	She giggled at this, “So what brings you here today mister?”
	“Ahh, just visiting someone. I was waiting for them to come get me, you see I can’t walk that well anymore.” He said with a slight grin showing in his eyes.
	“Well...” Katherine coughed slightly “Well, I can’t walk that well either so that makes both of us!” She smiled at the old man.
	“What is your favorite animal Kathy?” The old man asked softly.
	“Well any type of bird really.” She responded with happiness in her weak voice.
	“Have I got a story for you.” Said the old man.
	He told her all about birds and it was the most amazing story she had ever heard. He told about his time as a pilot, flying so fast and gracefully with the birds, rolling and playing on the currents of winds. She was entranced. He told her about his time paragliding, “Sometimes it was as if I had wings, just like the birds.” he told her.
	They talked for hours it seemed but no one came to meet the old man.
	“Well I’ve taken up enough of you time mister I really should get back to my bed.” Kathy started to get up.
	“Do you have time for just one more story Kathy?” The old man asked.
	“Well I guess just one more.” She sat back again getting comfortable.
	“Well this one is about a strong young girl. She was so beautiful, but she had such a horrible illness.” There was a hint of sadness in his voice. “She fought for so long, but she got so tired.”
	Kathy saw a tear rolling down the old man’s face. She looked away and noticed her parents rushing into the hospital through the big glass doors tears in their eyes. She got up as fast as she could calling to them, but they just kept on walking to the elevators and got in.
	She turned around to the old man confused and said “What’s going on mister?”
	They can’t hear you sweetie, that’s why I’m here.
It was then that she knew exactly who he was, she knew he’d seemed familiar.
	“But why did you make me fight, why did you make me feel all that pain? Why would you do that to me?” She was becoming upset.
	Another tear rolled down his face. “My sweet Kathy, all the pain you felt I felt doubly, I tried to let you fight it, I really did. You are one of the strongest people I’ve ever watched over, I wanted you to win, but some fights we just can’t. Please, understand I was always with you, I was always holding you through the worst of it.” There was pain in his voice.
	She walked back to him and wiped the tears from his face, she was walking more stable now. “It’s okay, I know it’s time.”
	With this the old man slowly stood up. “I have and will always love you so very much Kathy, you are always so strong.” The wrinkles had faded from his face now as he stood up.
	“Would you like to go for a nice walk Kathy?” The man inquired.
	“Only if you’ll tell me those wonderful stories again.” She said with a smile.
	“Come, I’ll show you.” He took her hand and they walked through the big glass doors together, into the beautiful morning light.

title: The Visitor

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the plot twist of the story.

answer: The old man turns out to be Death. Death pulls Kathy away with him after her death to review her life.

text: The response misses to mention that the passage implies the elderly man to be Katherine's late father.

refinement: It is implied that the old man turns out to be the spirit of Katherine's deceased father, implying that she was ready for the afterlife. The afterlife pulls Kathy away with him after her death to review her life.

text: There is no evidence that suggests Katherine's life was going to be reviewed.

refinement: It is implied that the old man turns out to be the spirit of Katherine's deceased father, implying that she was ready for the afterlife. The afterlife pulls Kathy away with him after her death outside to the beautiful morning light.

answer: Kathy is sitting in a hospital looking out the window when the elderly man approaches and begins to talk to her. He has stories of his adventures as a bird. He tells her that he has a daughter named Katherine who died of a horrible illness.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that the elderly man approaches, however it is Katherine that approaches him.

refinement: Kathy is sitting in a hospital looking out the window when she goes to approach the elderly man who begins to talk to her. He has stories of his adventures as a bird. He tells her that he has a daughter named Katherine who died of a horrible illness.

text: The response inaccurately mentions the elderly man having adventures as a bird, however the passage mentions him sharing a story of piloting planes and paragliding gracefully with the birds.

refinement: Kathy is sitting in a hospital looking out the window when she goes to approach the elderly man who begins to talk to her. He shares stories of his adventures flying gracefully with the birds as a pilot and paraglider. He tells her that he has a daughter named Katherine who died of a horrible illness.

text: The response misses to mention that Katherine turned out to have died and was talking to her deceased father.

refinement: Kathy is sitting in a hospital looking out the window when she goes to approach the elderly man who begins to talk to her. He shares stories of his adventures flying gracefully with the birds as a pilot and paraglider. He tells her that he has a daughter named Katherine who died of a horrible illness. It turned out that Katherine has passed and she was talking to her deceased father.

answer: Kathy befriends an elderly man visiting at the hospital who turns out to be her long-deceased father who died of a terminal illness. He guides and comforts her until she accepts she is ready to finally pass. With this acceptance, the two walk out into the morning light together.

answer: The narrator doesn't realize that she is dead. The only person who interacts with her is the elderly man; the nurse and her parents can't see or hear her.

answer: The kindly old man Kathy had been talking to is a spirit of her deceased father come to visit and say goodbye. Kathy was at the hospital for treatment for an illness but is now ready to pass on. Before she does, her father visits her and tells her all the stories of his life and how much he has always loved her.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about who the elderly man is?

answer: At the beginning of the story, the elderly man asks the protagonist what animals she likes. He describes his experience with birds, and tells her about how he used to like to fly. In the girl's dying nostalgia, the old man is her father who had just visited her. He tells the girl her favorite stories, and invites her to leave with him to an unwinding light.

text: The response inaccurately describes Katherine to be nostalgic, however she has passed away.

refinement: At the beginning of the story, the elderly man asks the protagonist what animals she likes. He describes his experience with birds, and tells her about how he used to like to fly. Katherine realizes she has passed away and that the old man is her father who had just visited her. He tells the girl her favorite stories, and invites her to leave with him to an unwinding light.

answer: The elderly man is someone who was watching over Katherine during her illness. It was his intent to let her fight the illness but it was a fight that she eventually lost.

text: The response misses to mention that the elderly man turned out to be Katherine's deceased father, implying that she too was passing away.

refinement: The elderly man is someone who was watching over Katherine during her illness. It was his intent to let her fight the illness but it was a fight that she eventually lost. It turns out that the elderly man was her deceased father, implying that she too was passing away.

answer: It is heavily implied that the elderly man is god, as he says he also has a daughter named Katherine, he's able to see Kathy even though she is dead, and Kathy asks her why he made her feel the pain of her illness.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that the elderly man in god, however it is implied in the passage that the elderly man is Kathy's deceased father.

refinement: It is heavily implied that the elderly man is Katherine's deceased father, as he says he also has a daughter named Katherine, he's able to see Kathy even though she is dead. Kathy asks why he made her feel the pain of her illness.

answer: It is not clear who the elderly man is, but he might be Kathy's old father waiting for his death.

text: The response inaccurately mentions that Kathy's deceased father is wating for his death. It should say that he has been waiting for her death.

refinement: It is not clear who the elderly man is, but he might be Kathy's deceased father waiting for her death.

answer: The old man is visiting a young girl with a disease in the hospital because he was her guardian angel.

text: The response misses to mention that the elderly man is Kathy's deceased father, waiting for Kathy to join him in the afterlife.

refinement: The old man is Kathy's deceased father visiting her with a disease in the hospital because he was her guardian angel and is welcoming her into the afterlife.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the narrator's illness?

answer: The text doesn't give much information about the narrator's illness.

text: The response misses to mention that the illness is painful to the protagonist, making her weak and weakened stamina. It is terminal.

refinement: Katherine's illness causes her pain, makes her weak and she is losing her stamina because of it. It is terminal.

answer: The narrator believes her illness to be terminal. She is undergoing intensive treatments and participating on an experimental drug, but her stamina is rapidly fading. She is a fighter, but she is quickly becoming too weak to walk - to the point that she needs help just to get down the hall.

answer: The narrator has an illness that has weakened her stamina. She can barely walk and experiences pain constantly.

answer: She has been hospitalized for several weeks, receiving intensive treatments and experimental drugs. Either the illness or the treatment has made it difficult for her to walk.

answer: The narrator has a grim illness and is experiencing severe physical difficulties. The old man explains that the protagonist fought against her illness for a long time, but was ultimately too weak from the illness and succumbed to it eventually.


text:
[dIVI-PD]

DIVI TRANSLATION refers to a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique. dIVI is an extension of 1:1 stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation (IVI Translation) with features of IPv4 address sharing and dual translation. dIVI-PD is a further extension of dIVI to be well used in Wireline (Fiber, DSL, Cable) and Wireless (3G/4G) access environment, where the prefix delegation (/64 or shorter) is preferred. dIVI-PD is now standardized as MAP-T [1] in the IETF.

dIVI Translation is intended to benefit the network operators (ISPs) to effectively share the public IPv4 addresses among a set of customers (since IANA has run out of public IPv4 addresses). In parallel, it leverages IPv6 in the network in a manner that makes IPv4-customer originated traffic looks like native IPv6 traffic in the network, resulting in simplified operations. More importantly, (unlike CGN44, DS-Lite, CGN64 etc.) dIVI/dIVI-PD does not require any Stateful NAT, DNS64 and ALG in the network, thereby benefiting the network operator to not deal with any NAT logging etc. dIVI maintains end-to-end address transparency and bidirectional-initiated communications.

How it works

Stateless NAT464 building blocks

-   Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. The IPv4-converted IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 nodes in an IPv6 network. The IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 nodes for use with stateless translation.
-   Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. This is achieved by defining suffix of the address format RFC6052.[3][4]
-   Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 [5] are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6.
-   Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address. The advantage of stateless NAT464 is that the DNS translation DNS64 and application layer gateway ALG are not needed.[6]
-   Prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD. It constructs different delegated prefixes for each CPE.[7]

Case study

-   Considerations for Stateless Translation (IVI/dIVI) in Large SP Network[8]

IETF

-   Stateless Translation techniques have been gaining traction at the IETF as well as production networks. IVI is now an IETF informational RFC, where dIVI is being actively discussed. Many operators have recently submitted a motivation document to push the IETF to standardize Stateless 4v6 techniques such as dIVI.

Stateless 4via6 being advantageous

-   Stateless 4Via6 Address Sharing[9] demystifies the upsides with any Statelss 4v6 techniques.
-   It is worth pointing out that dIVI/dIVI-PD, unlike CGN44, DS-Lite, CGN64 etc., does not require any Stateful NAT, DNS64 and ALG in the network, thereby benefiting the network operator to not deal with any NAT logging etc.

Relation to IVI Translation

-   Due to the stateless nature, the dual stateless translation can easily become single stateless translation by removing the second translator, see IVI Translation.

[1] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-softwire-map-t

[2]  IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators

[3]

[4] draft-bcx-address-fmt-extension Extended IPv6 Addressing for Encoding Port Range (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bcx-address-fmt-extension/)

[5]  IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm

[6] draft-xli-behave-divi dIVI: Dual-Stateless IPv4/IPv6 Translation (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-xli-behave-divi/)

[7] draft-xli-behave-divi-pd dIVI-pd: Dual-Stateless IPv4/IPv6 Translation with Prefix Delegation (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-xli-behave-divi-pd/)

[8] draft-sunq-v6ops-ivi-sp Considerations for Stateless Translation (IVI/dIVI) in Large SP Network (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sunq-v6ops-ivi-sp/)

[9] draft-dec-stateless-4v6 Stateless 4Via6 Address Sharing (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-dec-stateless-4v6/)

title: DIVI Translation

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is DIVI Translation?

answer: It is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique

answer: dIVI Translation is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique.

answer: It is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique.

answer: It is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique.

answer: It is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How does DIVI Translation work?

answer: DIVI Translation is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique. The public IPv4 addresses are shared by a set of customers. Parallel, DNS64 and ALG applications are unneeded in the network. End-to-end address transparency is maintained and it offers the option of single or dual translators.

text: This does not describe how the DIVI translation works.

text: Blank response

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address, and prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD.

answer: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. The IPv4-converted IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 nodes in an IPv6 network. IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 nodes for use with stateless translation. Node suffixes the IPv6 addresses to form a prefix extension.

text: The text does not say this, so it should be omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. The IPv4-converted IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 nodes in an IPv6 network. IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 nodes for use with stateless translation.

text: This isn't necessary for the answer

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses.

text: It's omitted that suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of port

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports.

text: The info about header translation and ICMP translation is omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6.

text: It's omitted that dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address.

text: It's omitted that prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address, and prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD.

answer: DIVI Translation is a dual stateless IPv4/IPv6 translation technique. The public IPv4 addresses are shared by a set of customers. Parallel, DNS64 and ALG applications are unneeded in the network. End-to-end address transparency is maintained and it offers the option of single or dual translators.

answer: The technique embeds IPv4 address in network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses.

text: The majority of info about how DIVI translation works is omitted.

refinement: Address translation, a stateless mapping scheme, embeds IPv4 address in network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address, and prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD.

answer: The technique embeds IPv4 address in network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. It also leverages IPv6 in the network in a manner that makes IPv4-customer originated traffic looks like native IPv6 traffic in the network.

answer: Stateless NAT464 building blocks

text: This doesn't describe the technique.

text: Blank response

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address, and prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD.

answer: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. The IPv4-converted IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 nodes in an IPv6 network. The IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 nodes for use with stateless translation. The IPv4 stateless translation creates IPv4 mapped and IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses. Prefix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. xLIbehave-divi is used to create Stateless 4Via6 IPv4 addresses.

text: This isn't said and should be omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. The IPv4-converted IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses used to represent IPv4 nodes in an IPv6 network. The IPv4-translatable IPv6 addresses are the IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 nodes for use with stateless translation.  Prefix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. xLIbehave-divi is used to create Stateless 4Via6 IPv4 addresses.

text: This is unnecessary for the answer and would be better omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses.  Prefix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. xLIbehave-divi is used to create Stateless 4Via6 IPv4 addresses.

text: This is not said in the text and should be omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses.

text: The rest of how the translation works is omitted.

refinement: The Address translation defined in RFC6052[2] is a stateless mapping scheme, which embeds IPv4 address in a network specific IPv6 prefix and forms IPv4-converted and IPv4-translatable addresses. Suffix extension enables multiple IPv6 nodes sharing a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. Header translation and ICMP translation defined in RFC6145 are algorithms to perform header translation between IPv4 and IPv6, as well as between ICMP and ICMPv6. Dual stateless translation can restore original IPv4 address, and prefix extension is only applied to dIVI-PD.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What added feature do the stateless blocks offer?

answer: The stateless blocks offer the ability for IPv6 nodes to share a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports. The blocks also offer the ability to restore original IPv4 addresses.

text: Nothing is referred to as a "stateless block" in the text, so it would make more sense to have no answer for the question.

answer: Dual stateless allows you to easily become single stateless by removing the second translator.

text: Nothing is referred to as a "stateless block" in the text, so it would make more sense to have no answer for the question.

answer: The stateless blocks offer prefix delegation, suffix extension, header translation, and ICMP translation.

text: Nothing is referred to as a "stateless block" in the text, so it would make more sense to have no answer for the question.

answer: No answer.

answer: They make it so IPv4-originated traffic looks like IPv6 traffic.

text: Nothing is referred to as a "stateless block" in the text, so it would make more sense to have no answer for the question.

answer: The stateless blocks offer the ability for IPv6 nodes to share a single public IPv4 address, with each node managing a different range of ports.

text: Nothing is referred to as a "stateless block" in the text, so it would make more sense to have no answer for the question.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does dIVI not require?

answer: iot applications, DNS64 and ALG.

text: "iot applications" should be "any Stateful NAT".

text: It would be better for this to be in a full sentence.

refinement: It does not require any Stateful NAT, DNS64 and ALG.

answer: dIVI does not require any Stateful NAT, DNS64, or ALG in the network.

answer: Stateful NAT, DNS64, and ALG.

text: It would be better for this to be in a full sentence.

refinement: It does not require stateful NAT, DNS64, and ALG.

answer: Stateful NAT, DNS64, and ALG


text:
Published: 9:41 AM August 23, 2017

Updated: 7:39 PM October 9, 2020

The European Commission has launched an in-depth probe into Bayer's $66bn (£51bn) takeover of Monsanto, saying the two agro-chemical giants failed to address the watchdog's antitrust concerns.

EU authorities worry that the deal – which would create the world's largest seeds and pesticides company – could reduce competition and result in 'higher prices, lower quality, less choice and less innovation'.

Bayer and Monsanto both submitted plans to address those concerns at the end of July, but the Commission said those commitments were 'insufficient to clearly dismiss its serious doubts as to the transaction's compatibility with the EU Merger Regulation'.

Brussels will now launch an in-depth investigation into whether competitors will find it more difficult to access distributors and farmers once Bayer and Monsanto bundle together their pesticide and seeds businesses.

Authorities said access was particularly worrying given the rise of 'digital agriculture', which sees companies collect information about farms in order to deliver tailored advice or aggregated data to farmers – a business that both Bayer and Monstanto have been exploring.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

You may also want to watch:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

It comes amid a series of global deals that have effectively shrunk the agribusiness market, including ChemChina's $44bn (£34bn) takeover of Syngenta and the $130bn (£101bn) merger of Dow Chemicals and Du Pont.

The EU's competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager said: 'Seeds and pesticide products are essential for farmers and ultimately consumers.

'We need to ensure effective competition so that farmers can have access to innovative products, better quality and also purchase products at competitive prices.

'And at the same time maintain an environment where companies can innovate and invest in improved products.'

It throws a spanner in the works for German pharma giant Bayer, which had been courting the US crops and seeds specialist for months before reaching a deal with Monsanto last September.

Bayer said at the time that sales in the combined agriculture business would be worth as much as 23bn euros (£21bn), based on 2015 figures, adding that its annual research and development budget could total 2.5bn euros (£2.2bn).

The EU Commission said it is now cooperating closely with antitrust watchdogs in other markets where Bayer and Monsanto operate, including the US, Australia, Brazil, Canada and South Africa, to conduct its probe.

A decision is expected after January 8 2018.

Become a Supporter

This newspaper has been a central part of community life for many years. Our industry faces testing times, which is why we're asking for your support. Every contribution will help us continue to produce local journalism that makes a measurable difference to our community.

Become a Supporter

Don't Miss

question: When was the article written?

text: NO CONTENT

answer:
8/24/2017

10/9/2020

text: Should specify it was updated

answer: August 2017

text: Why not specify the date?

question: How much is Bayer paying to acquire Monsanto?

answer: 66 billion USD

answer: Based on the information in the article, there is no mention of any specific amount being paid by Bayer to acquire Monsanto, but the whole deal is estimated to be worth nearly $66 billion (£51 billion).

text: There is mention of a specific amount in the first line

refinement: The whole deal is estimated to be worth nearly $66 billion (£51 billion).

answer: According to the passage, the companies have struck a deal worth $66 billion.

question: What organization if probing the Bayer-Monsanto merger?

answer: The European Commission is probing the Bayer-Monsanto merger.

answer: The European Commission is probing the Bayer-Monsanto merger. They are concerned that the deal will reduce competition in the agribusiness industry, resulting in potential price increases and lower quality goods.

answer: The European Commission

question: Who is the EU's competition commissioner?

answer: Margrethe Vestager

answer: Margrethe Vestager

answer: Margrethe Vestager

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The European Commission has launched an investigation into Bayer's acquisition of Monsanto due to antitrust concerns, including worries about smaller competitors' access to the two companies' products.

answer: The European Commission is probing into Bayer's takeover of Monsanto due to antitrust concerns. The EU Commission is working with similar antitrust watchdogs in other markets and a decision is expected in January 2018.

answer: The European Commission has launched an investigation into Bayer's planned takeover of Monsanto, out of worries that the agrochemical giants could reduce competition and result in higher prices for farmers.

answer: The European Commission has launched a probe into Bayer's takeover of Monsanto after worries about loss of competition in agro-chemical industries. If approved, the proposed deal would see the world's largest seeds and pesticides company created.

answer: The European Commission is investigating Bayer's planned acquisition of Monsanto, as they fear that the resulting company would restrict production and competition, resulting in higher prices and lower quality products, among other concerns.

answer: The European Commission has launched an investigation into Bayer's proposed takeover of Monsanto, concerned that the merger could reduce competition and raise prices for farmers.


text:
A recent survey of the University of Arizona’s academic freedom policy illustrates a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices.

Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities.

Academic freedom involves the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces, Nadel said.

Gary Rhoades is an educational policy studies and practice professor, head of the Department of Education Policy Studies and Practice and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education. He was also the general secretary of the American Association of University Professors, which he said has helped define academic freedom over the past 100 years.

MORE FROM THE DAILY WILDCAT

“It provides a freedom that’s really important in a democracy for academics to be able to engage in open exchange in four different areas of activity in academics,” Rhoades said.

The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters and speak about internal institutional matters.

“There should be no retaliation or someone trying to influence or shape what is being said or taught,” Rhoades said. “As long as one clearly remains that their view is independent of the university’s, they can speak about public matters without fear or retribution.”

Nadel said that even with a good written policy in place, we need to revisit the policy to address rising issues.

“There were a lot more people that felt the written protections were good, rather than safe,” Nadel said.

According to the survey of 778 respondents, “More than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected.”

Nadel and Rhoades both agreed that the main issues regarding the current UA policy is the lack of clarity regarding who is protected and what to do in the case of an academic freedom complaint.

Among those who took the survey, 49 percent identified as faculty on tenure or tenure track. The survey showed that those who are not on tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

Rhoades said these people feel at risk and that there are questions of formal protection built into the UA’s policies. He said he believes it’s a fair assessment that the policy is unclear, indicating that it’s problematic they don’t believe their freedom will be protected.

“When I say I’m not afraid to speak up, that’s easy for me to say,” Nadel said. “I’m a [tenured] full professor. What are they going to do to me? But my assistant professor colleague may not be willing to be as outspoken. My [untenured] graduate student may be afraid to say anything at all.”

Zach Brooks, president of the Graduate and Professional Student Council, said that graduate students occupy a strange “middle ground.”

“We have an interesting role, because sometimes we as graduate students are teachers, researchers, clinicians and administrators, but we’re also students,” Brooks said.

He added that, at times, graduate students may feel less able to speak up, and other times, they might have more ability to speak because they’re not full-time employees of the university and have less fear over what they say.

“What we think we’re going to do is make the existing protections a lot better known and make it absolutely clear what things are in place to protect each category of employee,” Nadel said.

Rhoades added that one way to do this is to “meet with smaller targeted groups of employees about these issues” and develop ideas for protective policies that are more inclusive.

Nadel said if you don’t speak up, then you can never determine if you’re protected.

“In order for an individual or, more importantly, for an institution to create a culture where academic freedom is believed in and valued, where people feel confident that it’s going to be enforced, we have to be talking about it and exercising it,” Rhoades said.

There are major issues regarding what the process is when academic freedom is violated.

Both Rhoades and Nadel said the current chart indicating what to do is confusing and complicated. Rhoades said that everyone involved must “work toward better clarification” on what must be done in situations where violations of any one’s academic freedom may have occurred.

“We want to make the processes under the policy much better understood,” Nadel said. “We need to be much more specific and get the information out there, so that people will be more aware of everything that’s in place to protect them.”

Rhoades added that another thing that could be done is for formal leaders of the university to make important affirmations to the university community that academic freedom is valued.

“Universities are among the most important places where we’re creating and disseminating knowledge,” he said. “We have people who are studying a whole variety of issues and topics, and if we allow that institution to be unfairly restricted or confined with what it can talk about and what it can explore, then we’re hampering our ability as a democracy to discuss difficult issues and … engage in all sorts of exploration that makes us interesting important, curious and innovative people.”

_______________

Follow Chastity Laskey on Twitter.

LET US COME TO YOU. The Daily Wildcat, straight to your inbox. News. Science/Health. Sports. Arts/Lifestyle. You choose. You cancel at any time.

__ Signup now

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the University of Arizona football team?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: There is no mention of the University of Arizona football team.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about academic freedom in universities?

answer: Lynn Nadel and Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, say the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces.

text: It s omitted that Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities.

refinement: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities. Lynn Nadel and Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, say the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces.

text: Only Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, (not Lynn Nadel) says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years.

refinement: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities. Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces.

text: It is omitted that there is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

refinement: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities. Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. However,  there is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

text: a missing definite article: the University of Arizona

refinement: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities. Gary Rhoades, head of the department of education policy studies and practice at the University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. However,  there is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

answer: Lynn Nadel, head of the department of psychology and cognitive science at University of Arizona, says academic freedom is crucial to a university. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades, an educational policy studies and practice professor and head of the Department of Education Policy Studies and Practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years.

text: It is omitted that there is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

refinement: Lynn Nadel, head of the department of psychology and cognitive science at University of Arizona, says academic freedom is crucial to a university. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades, an educational policy studies and practice professor and head of the Department of Education Policy Studies and Practice at University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. There is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

text: the University of Arizona - a missing article

refinement: Lynn Nadel, head of the department of psychology and cognitive science at the University of Arizona, says academic freedom is crucial to a university. Academic freedom implies the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without the fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades, an educational policy studies and practice professor and head of the Department of Education Policy Studies and Practice at the University of Arizona and director of the Center for the Study of Higher Education, says the American Association of University Professors has helped define academic freedom over 100 years. There is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

answer: An article forecasts a trend in regards to a global concern, espoused in public institutions, that states "academic freedom is on the decline". The piece offers a particularly neat summary of the practice: "academic freedom involves the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces". This freedom is seen as pivotal in the promulgation of new ideas and ideas that sifts itself through institutional governance channels to produce new trends and policies. As a consequence, educational institutions are in a vulnerable position to coercive government pressure. Key to promoting the state of academic freedom are strong institutional decrees that outline its protection and function, and it is the responsibility of the institution to proactively inform, promote, and reiterate this freedom through routine engagements with their stakeholders, in particular its faculty and student population.

answer: Lynn Nadel is the chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science. She says academic freedom is crucial to a university. and that it protects the key function of universities. Academic freedom means the right to speak freely in both the subject matters of one's field and institutional matters without fear retaliation. Gary Rhoades says it is essential, and has helped define academic freedom over the past 100 years. The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters, and speak about internal institutional matters.

answer: Academic freedom is considered crucial to the function of universities. It provides the freedom to speak freely in both the professor's area of specialization and the broader institutional environment without fearing retribution from outside or inside forces. It helps promote the freedom to research, which is fundamental in a democracy. Routines ensure that departments foster an atmosphere that allows for academic freedom to thrive. The foundation for academic freedom is the freedom of teaching, research, public commentary, and speaking in regards to internal institutional matters.

text: It is omitted that there is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

refinement: Academic freedom is considered crucial to the function of universities. It provides the freedom to speak freely in both the professor's area of specialization and the broader institutional environment without fearing retribution from outside or inside forces. It helps promote the freedom to research, which is fundamental in a democracy. Routines ensure that departments foster an atmosphere that allows for academic freedom to thrive. The foundation for academic freedom is the freedom of teaching, research, public commentary, and speaking in regards to internal institutional matters. There is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

text: regard, not regards

refinement: Academic freedom is considered crucial to the function of universities. It provides the freedom to speak freely in both the professor's area of specialization and the broader institutional environment without fearing retribution from outside or inside forces. It helps promote the freedom to research, which is fundamental in a democracy. Routines ensure that departments foster an atmosphere that allows for academic freedom to thrive. The foundation for academic freedom is the freedom of teaching, research, public commentary, and speaking in regard to internal institutional matters. There is a concern that academic freedom is on the decline.

answer: Lynn Nadel says academic freedom is crucial to universities. She says it protects the key functions of universities. Academic freedom means the right to speak freely in both the subject matters of one's field and institutional matters without fear retaliation. Gary Rhoades, the general secretary of the American Association of University Professors, says it has been helping to define academic freedom over the past 100 years. The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters, and speak about internal institutional matters.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the survey regarding the University of Arizona's free speech practices?

answer: The concern of academic freedom is provided. The authors are coming up with a new policy for the university which will ensure that the faculty members of the university feel safe.

text: 'The authors are coming up with a new policy for the university which will ensure that the faculty members of the university feel safe.' is irrelevant.

refinement: The concern of academic freedom is provided.

text: It is omitted that according to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

refinement: The concern of academic freedom is provided. According to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

answer: A recent survey of the University of Arizona’s academic freedom policy illustrated a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities.

text: ' Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but that it also protects the key function of universities.' is irrelevant.

refinement: A recent survey of the University of Arizona’s academic freedom policy illustrated a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices.

text: It is omitted that according to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

refinement: A recent survey of the University of Arizona’s academic freedom policy illustrated a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. According to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

answer: A survey of the University of Arizona's academic freedom policy indicates a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. Advisory: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents' professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but also protects the key function of universities. Nadel said that academic freedom is the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades is an educational policy studies professor, the professor states that academic freedom is especially important in a democracy for academics to be free to exchange ideas. The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters, and speak about internal institutional matters.

text: 'Advisory: Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents' professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but also protects the key function of universities. Nadel said that academic freedom is the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades is an educational policy studies professor, the professor states that academic freedom is especially important in a democracy for academics to be free to exchange ideas. The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters, and speak about internal institutional matters.' is irrelevant.

refinement: A survey of the University of Arizona's academic freedom policy indicates a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices.

text: It is omitted that according to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

refinement: A survey of the University of Arizona's academic freedom policy indicates a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. According to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

answer: There was a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices of universities. Some felt that the university's policy regarding academic freedom is insufficiently protected while others felt it is up to date.

text: It is omitted that according to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

refinement: There was a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices of universities. Some felt that the university's policy regarding academic freedom is insufficiently protected while others felt it is up to date. According to a survey, more than 50 percent believe that academic freedom at the UA is insufficiently protected. The survey showed that those who are not on the tenure track feel especially vulnerable and distrustful of the current policy.

answer: A recent survey of the University of Arizona’s academic freedom policy illustrated a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents’ professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to university but that it also protects the key functions of universities.

answer: A survey of the University of Arizona's academic freedom policy indicates a concern amongst survey takers regarding free speech practices. Lynn Nadel, chair of the faculty and regents' professor of psychology and cognitive science, said that academic freedom is not only crucial to a university but also protects the key function of universities. Nadel said that academic freedom is the right to speak freely about things both in your subject matter and about institutional matters without fear of retaliation from both external and internal forces. Gary Rhoades is an educational policy studies professor, the professor states that academic freedom is especially important in a democracy for academics to be free to exchange ideas. The foundation of academic freedom is the freedom to teach, research, comment on public matters, and speak about internal institutional matters.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about where graduate students stand in UA's academic freedom policy?

answer: Zach Brooks, president of the Graduate and Professional Student Council says that graduate students occupy a strange "middle ground" because they're both students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and administrators. Brooks also says that at times people may feel less able to speak up due to fear of retaliation, and at other times, people may feel that they have more ability to speak because they're not full-time employees of the university and have less fear.

answer: Information can't be found.

text: The answer can be found. Zach Brooks, president of the Graduate and Professional Student Council says that graduate students occupy a strange "middle ground" because they're both students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and administrators. Brooks also says that at times people may feel less able to speak up due to fear of retaliation, and at other times, people may feel that they have more ability to speak because they're not full-time employees of the university and have less fear.

refinement: Zach Brooks, president of the Graduate and Professional Student Council says that graduate students occupy a strange "middle ground" because they're both students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and administrators. Brooks also says that at times people may feel less able to speak up due to fear of retaliation, and at other times, people may feel that they have more ability to speak because they're not full-time employees of the university and have less fear.

answer: The University of Arizona's written protections are good, even if they aren't perfectly safe. The graduate students are uncertain of the policy, feeling less able to speak up and more susceptible to being controlled by the university. However, there are some exceptions - graduate students may feel more able to speak out if we're not full-time employees of the university. In addition, different faculty and research roles also affect how talkative or aware someone is about academia and politics.

answer: Graduate students occupy a strange "middle ground". Sometimes, they are teachers and give pointers to other students. The roles in their business are so varied and require different approaches. At times, they can feel less able to speak up, and at others, they have more ability to do so because they aren't full-time UA employees. Sometimes, they may feel too defeated to speak up, and at other times, they might have more confidence to voice their opinions. A multi-layered approach to address academic freedom is what is needed, some of which is already happening.