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May 2, 2017 | 5:07am | Updated May 2, 2017 | 5:07am

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[Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani speaks at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington, March 25.]

Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani speaks at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington, March 25. AP

President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan. After weeks of wrangling inside his national security cabinet, top officials on Friday agreed on the broad outlines of a strategy to prosecute America’s longest war. The interventionists prevailed.

According to administration officials familiar with the deliberations of the cabinet’s principals committee, the Afghanistan strategy would tie the United States to the success of President Ashraf Ghani’s ambitious plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban.

While the strategy envisions eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban, in the meantime it would increase the pace of strikes — to encourage the Taliban to negotiate.

The new strategy, according to these officials, is not cheap. There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan, not only subsidizing Afghan police and military forces but also funding anti-corruption programs and other priorities.

If that sounds expensive, bear in mind the untold costs if the United States instead failed to support Afghanistan’s recovery and the country became a safe haven for terrorists like it was before 9/11.

While no troop numbers have been set, US officials told me they would envision an increase in both US and NATO forces inside the country.

Most important, the strategy would jettison President Barack Obama’s approach of setting arbitrary deadlines for the withdrawal of US forces and instead would link the participation of US troops inside the country to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield, such as winning back territory from the Taliban and denying safe haven to al Qaeda, the Islamic State and other bad actors, according to these officials.

If all of this sounds familiar, it should. The Obama administration faced a similar choice in 2009. Back then the president chose to support a surge inside the country and a counterinsurgency approach.

And yet, Obama began to get cold feet about the strategy almost as soon as he approved it. Some voices in his administration, such as Vice President Joe Biden, favored a plan that focused on counterterrorism, striking terrorist leaders, but not rebuilding a discredited central government.

By the end of Obama’s presidency, he had blown through his own deadlines for withdrawing troops from the country as the Taliban and other terror groups grew stronger.

A similar dynamic has played out inside the Trump national security team. Throughout the deliberations, some officials raised concern that the plan would be throwing good money after bad, according to the US officials.

This worry is not without basis. The US special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction wrote in January that: “Afghanistan suffers from limited institutional capacity to conduct basic governmental functions, and from widespread and systemic corruption that consistently places it near the bottom of international rankings for public perception of corruption.”

Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years. The view of the national security adviser, General H.R. McMaster, prevailed.

On Friday, none of those in the meeting objected to going forward with the more ambitious strategy. McMaster argued, according to these sources, that Trump should not make the same mistake Obama made by exiting Iraq too soon and allowing the Islamic State the room to regenerate and force another US intervention later.

A strategy paper reflecting the consensus of the meeting on Friday is now being worked over by regional experts at the policy coordination committee and is expected to be sent to the president’s desk as early as this week.

This will pose a particularly tough dilemma for the commander in chief.

On the one hand, Trump campaigned on the promise of defeating the Islamic State and other terrorist groups and trusting his generals to decide military strategy. In his first 100 days, Trump has largely kept his word on trusting military leaders and not micromanaging war planning from the White House as Obama did.

On the other hand, Trump also has repeatedly said the nation-building war in Iraq was a mistake. If Trump commits to Ghani’s success, he will be committing to the kind of globalism he disdained on the campaign trail.

Still, an American recommitment to Afghanistan now can avoid past mistakes. If there has been one lesson from recent US interventions, it is that premature exits are costly. Sooner or later, America gets drawn back into the wars it had hoped were over.

If Trump agrees, he will soon find himself rebuilding Afghanistan to keep America safe.

_© 2017, Bloomberg View_

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the main focus of the article?

answer: The decision by president Trump to decide what to do about Afghanistan

text: "President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan" is evidence that this article concerns President Trump's decision on dealing with Afghanistan.

answer: The article discusses the likely elements of the Afghanistan strategy to which President Trump will soon have to commit. These elements include increased US and NATO presences and tying US forces' participation to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield. The focus of the article is to explain the likely elements of this new strategy.

text: The last sentence is redundant and can be inferred from the first sentence.

refinement: The article discusses the likely elements of the Afghanistan strategy to which President Trump will soon have to commit. These elements include increased US and NATO presences and tying US forces' participation to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield.

text: "US officials told me they would envision an increase in both US and NATO forces inside the country" is evidence that increased US and NATO presences is part of the Afghanistan strategy.

text: "President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan" is evidence that the article is mainly concerned with Trump's Afghanistan strategy.

answer: The main focus of the article is a US strategy in Afghanistan that would tie the success of President Ashraf Ghani's government to US participation in the country. The ultimate goal is to prevent Afghanistan from becoming a safe haven for terrorism.

text: Does not mention President Trump.

refinement: The main focus of the article is President Trump's strategy for US intervention in Afghanistan that would tie the success of President Ashraf Ghani's government to US participation in the country. The ultimate goal is to prevent Afghanistan from becoming a safe haven for terrorism.

text: "the Afghanistan strategy would tie the United States to the success of President Ashraf Ghani’s ambitious plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban" is evidence that the US strategy is tied to the success of President Ashraf Ghani's government.

text: "If that sounds expensive, bear in mind the untold costs if the United States instead failed to support Afghanistan’s recovery and the country became a safe haven for terrorists like it was before 9/11" implies that the goal is to prevent the country becoming a safe haven for terrorists.

answer: President Trump's plans for dealing with Afghanistan

text: "President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan" is evidence that the main focus of the article is Trump's plan for Afghanistan.

answer: Trump's approach to doing what Obama did in Afghanistan: Keeping US forces in the country in order to support the fledgling, corrupt Ashraf Ghani government diplomatically.

text: Trump's approach, according to the article, seems to clash with Obama's.

refinement: Trump's approach to dealing with Afghanistan: Keeping US forces in the country in order to support the fledgling, corrupt Ashraf Ghani government diplomatically.

text: "If Trump agrees, he will soon find himself rebuilding Afghanistan to keep America safe" is evidence that the proposed plan involves supporting Afghanistan.

text: "the Afghanistan strategy would tie the United States to the success of President Ashraf Ghani’s ambitious plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy involves supporting Ghani's government.

text: "Afghanistan suffers from limited institutional capacity to conduct basic governmental functions, and from widespread and systemic corruption that consistently places it near the bottom of international rankings for public perception of corruption" is evidence that supports the notion that Ghani's government may be corrupt.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was the article written?

answer: The article was written on May 2, 2017.

answer: May 2, 2017

answer: The article was written on May 2, 2017.

answer: 2017.

text: The answer could be more specific.

answer: May 2, 2017

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who are the key figures mentioned in the article?

answer: President Trump, President Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster, Vice President Joe Biden

text: Fails to mention President Obama.

refinement: President Trump, President Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster, President Obama, and Vice President Joe Biden

answer: President Ashraf Ghani, President Trump, President Barack Obama, General H.R. McMaster

answer: The key figures mentioned in the article are President Trump, Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster and Vice President Joe Biden.

text: Fails to mention President Obama.

refinement: The key figures mentioned in the article are President Trump, Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster, President Barack Obama, and Vice President Joe Biden.

answer: President Trump, President Ashraf Ghani, Joe Biden, H.R. McMaster, Mike Pompeo, Barack Obama

text: Mike Pompeo is not mentioned in the article.

refinement: President Trump, President Ashraf Ghani, Joe Biden, H.R. McMaster, Barack Obama

text: Does not list the roles of Biden, McMaster, and Obama

refinement: President Trump, President Ashraf Ghani, Vice President Joe Biden, General H.R. McMaster, President Barack Obama

answer: The key figures mentioned in the article are President Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster, and President Trump.

text: Does not mention President Obama.

refinement: The key figures mentioned in the article are President Ashraf Ghani, General H.R. McMaster, President Obama, and President Trump.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Explain the relationship between Afghanistan and the United States as described in the article.

answer: US will support President Ghani's plan to build an inclusive government in Afghanistan and regain territory from the Taliban, and will continue to tie its success to 9/11 as long as al-Qaeda or the Islamic State threaten it.

text: The statement that the US will continue to tie its success to 9/11 is unattested.

refinement: US will support President Ghani's plan to build an inclusive government in Afghanistan and regain territory from the Taliban.

text: Does not mention the history between the countries.

refinement: US will support President Ghani's plan to build an inclusive government in Afghanistan and regain territory from the Taliban. US intervention in Afghanistan due to the countries being at war has been ongoing, despite President Obama's setting of deadlines for the withdrawal of US forces.

answer: The relationship between Afghanistan and the United States described in the article is that the United States plans to provide funding and increased support to Afghanistan so that the Afghan government can gain and maintain territory against the Taliban. This increased support also is intended to counter the presence of terrorist groups such as al Qaeda and the Islamic State in Afghanistan.

text: Does not mention the military presence.

refinement: The relationship between Afghanistan and the United States described in the article is that the United States plans to provide funding and increased support to Afghanistan so that the Afghan government can gain and maintain territory against the Taliban. This increased support also is intended to counter the presence of terrorist groups such as al Qaeda and the Islamic State in Afghanistan. The US also has an ongoing military presence in Afghanistan due to the countries being at war, despite President Obama's deadlines to withdraw troops.

text: "There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan, not only subsidizing Afghan police and military forces but also funding anti-corruption programs and other priorities" is evidence that the plan involves providing funding and increased support to Afghanistan.

answer: The relationship between Afghanistan and the United States is one of mutual dependence and obligation. The United States is responsible for ensuring Afghanistan's success in order to protect its own interests. In return, Afghanistan will be a more stable and less favorable environment for terrorism, which directly benefits the United States.

text: Mutual dependence seems an overstatement and does not clarify how this is the result of the strategy being implemented.

refinement: The relationship between Afghanistan and the United States is one in which the US's strategy is tied to the success of President Ghani's government. The United States is responsible for ensuring Afghanistan's success in order to protect its own interests. In return, Afghanistan will be a more stable and less favorable environment for terrorism, which directly benefits the United States.

text: Does not mention the war.

refinement: The relationship between Afghanistan and the United States is one in which the US's strategy is tied to the success of President Ghani's government. The United States is responsible for ensuring Afghanistan's success in order to protect its own interests. In return, Afghanistan will be a more stable and less favorable environment for terrorism, which directly benefits the United States. The countries are also at war, and the US has an ongoing military presence in Afghanistan.

text: "According to administration officials familiar with the deliberations of the cabinet’s principals committee, the Afghanistan strategy would tie the United States to the success of President Ashraf Ghani’s ambitious plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban" is evidence of the link between the two countries.

answer: Neither the article nor the question is clear on this issue.

text: Answer is untrue.

text: Empty answer.

refinement: The US is tying its Afghanistan strategy to the success of President Ghani's government, which Trump intends to support. The US also has a continued military presence in Afghanistan, despite President Obama's deadlines for withdrawing troops.

answer: America is in an ongoing war with Afghanistan

text: Does not mention any of the specifics concerning the Afghanistan plan.

refinement: America is in an ongoing war with Afghanistan. President Trump's plan involves supporting President Ghani's government through funding and increased support.

text: "After weeks of wrangling inside his national security cabinet, top officials on Friday agreed on the broad outlines of a strategy to prosecute America’s longest war" is evidence that the countries are at war.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the Trump administration plan to do concerning Afghanistan?

answer: The Trump administration plans to increase the pace of strikes on the Taliban, increase US and NATO forces inside the country, tie US participation to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield, and eventually attempt to forge a peace deal.

text: "it would increase the pace of strikes — to encourage the Taliban to negotiate" is evidence of the plan to increase the pace of strikes.

text: "they would envision an increase in both US and NATO forces inside the country" is evidence that the plan involves increasing US and NATO forces in the country.

text: "Most important, the strategy would jettison President Barack Obama’s approach of setting arbitrary deadlines for the withdrawal of US forces and instead would link the participation of US troops inside the country to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield" is evidence that the plan will tie US participation to battlefield conditions.

text: "While the strategy envisions eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy involves enventually forging a peace deal.

answer: The White House agreed on the outline for the strategy to prosecute the ban for President Trump to decide. The new strategy would focus on prosecuting the war against terrorism. The strategy is so appealing that it is close to unanimous among Trump's national security team.

text: The answer doesn't make any sense--it's not clear what "ban" it is talking about.

text: Empty answer.

refinement: The plan involves increased US and NATO presence in Afghanistan, support for Ghani's government, an increased pace for drone strikes, the tying of military presence to conditions on the battlefield, and hope for an eventual peace deal.

answer: The Trump administration is considering an interventionist strategy to help build up an inclusive government while also increasing military strikes in an effort to get the Taliban to negotiate a peace deal. This proposed strategy increases US and NATO troop presence and will link US participation to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield.

text: "it would increase the pace of strikes — to encourage the Taliban to negotiate" is evidence of the plan to increase the pace of strikes.

text: "they would envision an increase in both US and NATO forces inside the country" is evidence that the plan involves increasing US and NATO forces in the country.

text: "Most important, the strategy would jettison President Barack Obama’s approach of setting arbitrary deadlines for the withdrawal of US forces and instead would link the participation of US troops inside the country to meeting clear conditions on the battlefield" is evidence that the plan will tie US participation to battlefield conditions.

text: "While the strategy envisions eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy involves enventually forging a peace deal.

answer: It will bankroll the plan to build government's effectiveness, counter corruption, promote gender equality, and "eventual" negotiations with the Taliban.

text: The statement that the plan involves promoting gender equality is unattested.

refinement: It will bankroll the plan to build government's effectiveness, counter corruption, and "eventual" negotiations with the Taliban.

text: Does not mention the increased NATO and US presence.

refinement: It will bankroll the plan to build government's effectiveness, counter corruption, and "eventual" negotiations with the Taliban. It also involves increasing the presence of US and NATO forces.

text: Does not mention increasing the pacing of strikes.

refinement: It will bankroll the plan to build government's effectiveness, counter corruption, and "eventual" negotiations with the Taliban. It also involves increasing the presence of US and NATO forces as well as increasing the pacing of strikes in order to encourage the Taliban to negotiate.

text: "While the strategy envisions eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy involves enventually negotiating with the Talibam.

text: "There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan, not only subsidizing Afghan police and military forces but also funding anti-corruption programs and other priorities" is evidence that the plan involves supporting Afghanistan financially.

answer: The administration's strategy supports President Ghani's plan to build and inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban, with the aim of eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban. It will involve increasing the pace of strikes to encourage the Taliban to negotiate.

text: Does not mention the increased presence of US and NATO forces.

refinement: The administration's strategy supports President Ghani's plan to build and inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban, with the aim of eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban. It will involve increasing the pace of strikes to encourage the Taliban to negotiate. It also involves increasing the presence of US and NATO forces.

text: "While the strategy envisions eventually forging a peace deal with the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy involves enventually forging a peace deal.

text: "it would increase the pace of strikes — to encourage the Taliban to negotiate" is evidence of the plan to increase the pace of strikes.

text: "the Afghanistan strategy would tie the United States to the success of President Ashraf Ghani’s ambitious plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban" is evidence that the strategy supports Ghani's plan to build an inclusive government.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some of the drawbacks of the Trump administration's strategy?

answer: Some of the drawbacks of the Trump administration's strategy include concerns that it may commit the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years, contribute to widespread corruption, and repeat mistakes of the past by withdrawing troops prematurely. Another worry is that the new strategy would be throwing good money after bad while empowering a central government that is unpopular and ineffective.

text: "Still, an American recommitment to Afghanistan now can avoid past mistakes. If there has been one lesson from recent US interventions, it is that premature exits are costly" is evidence that the plan abates the worry of prematurely withdrawing troops, making that statement incorrect.

refinement: Some of the drawbacks of the Trump administration's strategy include concerns that it may commit the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years, contribute to widespread corruption. Another worry is that the new strategy would be throwing good money after bad while empowering a central government that is unpopular and ineffective.

text: "The new strategy, according to these officials, is not cheap. There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan" is evidence that the new strategy will be expensive.

text: "Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years" is evidence that the strategy will commit the US to an ongoing role in Afghanistan.

answer: Some US officials had raised concern that the plan might be throwing good money after bad. It is also thought that committing to any sort of timeframe for leaving Afghanistan would only be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years, which would mean Afghanistan would need more western help to avoid collapse.

text: "The new strategy, according to these officials, is not cheap. There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan" is evidence that the new strategy will be expensive.

text: "Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years" is evidence that the strategy will commit the US to an ongoing role in Afghanistan.

answer: It will be expensive, costing at least $23 billion a year. It will also commit the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years.

text: "The new strategy, according to these officials, is not cheap. There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan" is evidence that the plan will be expensive.

text: "Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years" is evidence that the strategy will commit the US to an ongoing role in Afghanistan.

answer: Some of the potential drawbacks of the Trump administration's strategy are that it may be expensive, commit America to another long-term foreign policy effort, and might not be effective given Afghanistan's history of corruption and poor governance.

text: "Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years" is evidence that the strategy will commit the US to an ongoing role in Afghanistan.

text: "The new strategy, according to these officials, is not cheap. There would be a baseline of at least $23 billion a year to support a variety of initiatives in Afghanistan" is evidence that the plan will be expensive.

answer: The strategy will be expensive, will tie the U.S down to Afghanistan, and the Trump administration will have to rebuild Afghanistan - which they opposed during their campaign.

text: Does not mention the commitment.

refinement: The strategy will be expensive, will tie the U.S down to Afghanistan, and the Trump administration will have to rebuild Afghanistan - which they opposed during their campaign. The strategy will also commit the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years.

text: "Another fear raised at Friday’s meeting was that the strategy would be committing the US to a role in Afghanistan for the next several years" is evidence that the strategy will commit the US to an ongoing role in Afghanistan.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The Trump administration has agreed upon a draft strategy for Afghanistan. The strategy would tie the United States with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani's plan to build up an inclusive government and regain territory from the Taliban. The strategy calls for a steady increase in US and NATO troops and a move away from arbitrary deadlines for withdrawal. Some officials are wary of committing to such a long-term endeavor but national security adviser, General H.R. McMaster, argues it is necessary to avoid the mistakes of Obama in withdrawing from Iraq.

answer: President Donald Trump is deciding on the strategy for Afghanistan. His national security cabinet has agreed on supporting President Ashraf Ghani's ambitious plan as the cornerstone. The strategy is not new. President Obama already decided to do this and made the same mistakes Obama made by exiting Iraq too soon and allowing the Islamic State to grow stronger.

text: The statement that the strategy is not new is incorrect. The article even refers to it as "The new strategy".

refinement: President Donald Trump is deciding on the strategy for Afghanistan. His national security cabinet has agreed on supporting President Ashraf Ghani's ambitious plan as the cornerstone. President Obama already decided to do this and made the same mistakes Obama made by exiting Iraq too soon and allowing the Islamic State to grow stronger.

text: The statement regarding President Obama's implementation of the same plan is untrue.

refinement: President Donald Trump is deciding on the strategy for Afghanistan. His national security cabinet has agreed on supporting President Ashraf Ghani's ambitious plan as the cornerstone. There are hopes to avoid President Obama's mistake of exiting Iraq too soon and allowing the Islamic State to grow stronger.

answer: Top officials in President Trump's national security cabinet agree that a more ambitious strategy for Afghanistan should focus on supporting the central government in its efforts to regain territory from the Taliban. The strategy includes increasing the pace of strikes and committing US troops in the country for the foreseeable future.

answer:
President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan's war. He will have to consider Afghanistan's presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani's plan to build up an inclusive government.

Any escalation of the war in Afghanistan will be based on Ghani's plan, and it will contain increased pace of strikes. It will involve US troops, and President Trump will face a dilemma in determining which path he will choose.

text: The phrasing of this answer is very uncertain and does not seem to communicate that a plan has been thought out.

refinement:
President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan's war. He plans to support Afghanistan's presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani's plan to build up an inclusive government.

Any escalation of the war in Afghanistan will be based on Ghani's plan, and it will contain increased pace of strikes. It will involve US troops.

text: The mention of the involvement of US troops is vague.

refinement:
President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan's war. He plans to support Afghanistan's presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani's plan to build up an inclusive government.

Any escalation of the war in Afghanistan will be based on Ghani's plan, and it will contain increased pace of strikes. It will involve increasing the presence of US and NATO forces in Afghanistan.

text: Escalations (or deescalations) of the war will be based on battlefield conditions, not Ghani's plan.

refinement:
President Trump will soon have to decide what to do about Afghanistan's war. He plans to support Afghanistan's presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani's plan to build up an inclusive government.

Any escalation of the war in Afghanistan will be based on battlefield conditions, and it will contain increased pace of strikes. It will involve increasing the presence of US and NATO forces in Afghanistan.

answer: The article highlights the Trump administration's plans for dealing with Afghanistan. Their plan discards President Obama's approach of setting arbitrary deadlines for withdrawal, focusing instead on aiding President Ghani's plan for building an inclusive government. The plan will be expensive and will commit the United States to involvement in Afghanistan for several years. Despite these fears, no one at the strategy meeting objected to moving forward with the plan.

text: "On Friday, none of those in the meeting objected to going forward with the more ambitious strategy" is evidence that no one at the meeting objected to the plan.


split: train

text:
PORTER is an unincorporated community in Scott County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1]

Porter was founded in the early 20th century, taking its name from the Porter family, original owners of the town site.[2]

[1]

[2]

title: Porter, Missouri

question: Where is the Porter community located?

answer: It is located in Scott County, Missouri.

answer: The Porter community is located in Scott County.

text: Scott County is in Missouri, USA

refinement: The Porter community is located in Scott County Missouri, USA.

answer: in Scott County within Missouri state.

text: clumsy English

answer: The Porter community is located in Scott County, Missouri.

question: When was Porter founded?

answer: The early 20th century.

answer: Porter was founded in the early 20th century.

answer: Porter was founded in the early 20th century.

answer: in the early 20th century

question: Where does Porter get its name from?

answer: The town was named after the Porter family, the original owners of the town site.

answer: From the Porter family, original owners of the town site.

answer: Porter gets its name from the Porter family, who were the original owners of the town site.

answer: The Porter family

text: Why the Porter family?

refinement: The Porter family. original owners of the town site

question: What is the population of Porter?

answer: The population of Porter is unknown.

text: The population must be known but it is not given in the article

refinement: The population of Porter is not given in the article

answer: This information is not found in the article.

answer: There is no definitive answer to this question as Porter is an unincorporated community and therefore does not have a defined population.

text: This is nonsense

answer: That information can't be found.

text: Not entirely clear

refinement: That information can't be found in the article.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Porter, an unincorporated community in Scott County within the Missouri state. It was founded in the early 20th century.

text: Clumsy phrasing

refinement: Porter, an unincorporated community in Scott County, Missouri was founded in the early 20th century.

text: Insufficient information

refinement: Porter, an unincorporated community in Scott County, Missouri was founded in the early 20th century. It was named after the Porter family who once owned the land.

answer: Porter is a small town in Missouri named after the Porter family, who originally owned the land. It is unincorporated and has a small population.

text: Unsubstantiated information

refinement: Porter is a small town in Missouri named after the Porter family, who originally owned the land. It is unincorporated.

answer: Porter is an unincorporated community in Scott County, Missouri. It was founded in the early 20th century, taking its name from the Porter family, original owners of the town site.

answer: Porter is an unincorporated community in Scott County, Missouri. It was founded in the early 20th century and takes its name from the Porter family, the original owners of the town site.


text:
[]

by MSA on Apr 28, 2018

[]

WE HAVE THE FULL SPOILERS FOR THE MAY 2018 LOOK FANTASTIC BEAUTY BOX!

For a limited time, USE COUPON CODE SERUMBB TO GET A FREE AURELIA PROBIOTIC SKINCARE REVITALISE & GLOW SERUM WITH YOUR FIRST MONTH OF LOOK FANTASTIC BEAUTY BOX! ($19 a month, or as low as $16 a month if you commit to a year up front, but you don’t have to pay for the whole year up front.)

Each box will include:

[]

Source: Plush Koala

-   Spotlight Teeth White Strips – 4 pieces
-   AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti Aging Serum – 5 ml
-   This Works In Transit Camera Closeup – 20 ml
-   Sleek Contour Palette Medium
-   SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask
-   EYEKO Eye Do Liquid Eyeliner – 10ml

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE SPOILER?

Look Fantastic is $19.00 a month, or $16 a month with an annual subscription (you don’t need to pay the full cost up front, either!)

This box ships worldwide. Check out all of our Look Fantastic Beauty Box reviews to learn more about this subscription box!

Posted in Look Fantastic Beauty Box Spoilers, Subscription Box Spoilers| Tags: look fantastic | look fantastic beauty box | 34 comments

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question: What is in the May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box?

answer: Spotlight Teeth White Strips, AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti Aging Serum, This Works In Transit Camera Closeup, Sleek Contour Palette Medium, SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask, and EYEKO Eye Do Liquid Eyeliner.

text: A little more meta of an answer helps clarify what it is, not just what it includes.

refinement: It is a beauty product sampler pack containing Spotlight Teeth White Strips, AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti Aging Serum, This Works In Transit Camera Closeup, Sleek Contour Palette Medium, SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask, and EYEKO Eye Do Liquid Eyeliner.

answer: In the May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box, there are six brand-new items! There are some skincare items, like the AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti-Aging Serum, which is 5 ml, and This Works In Transit Camera Closeup, which is 20 ml. There is also the Sleek Contour Palette Medium, two interesting masks of which one is EYEKO Eye Do! Liquid Eyeliner – 10 ml, and the other is SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask. There is also the look! spotlights (used to whiten teeth). Finally, there is a contour pallette for makeup.

text: A little more meta of an answer helps clarify what it is, not just what it includes.

refinement: The May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box is a beauty product sampler pack, there are six brand-new items! There are some skincare items, like the AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti-Aging Serum, which is 5 ml, and This Works In Transit Camera Closeup, which is 20 ml. There is also the Sleek Contour Palette Medium, two interesting masks of which one is EYEKO Eye Do! Liquid Eyeliner – 10 ml, and the other is SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask. There is also the look! spotlights (used to whiten teeth). Finally, there is a contour pallette for makeup.

answer: Each box will have between three and nine products, and will include a mix of full- and sample-size products.

text: A little more meta of an answer helps clarify what it is, not just what it includes.

refinement: The May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box is a beauty product sample pack. Each box will have between three and nine products, and will include a mix of full- and sample-size products.

text: Doesn't enumerate the products contained.

refinement: The May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box is a beauty product sample pack. Each box will have between three and nine products, and will include a mix of full- and sample-size products. It consists of Spotlight Teeth White Strips, AVANT RNA Radical Firmness Anti Aging Serum, This Works In Transit Camera Closeup, Sleek Contour Palette Medium, SkinRepublic Bubble Purifying + Charcoal Face Sheet Mask, and EYEKO Eye Do Liquid Eyeliner.

question: How much does the box cost?

answer: The box costs $19.00 a month, or $16 a month with an annual subscription (you don't need to pay a full cost upfront, either!)

answer: $19.00

text: Doesn't mention the promotional cost with a year subscription.

refinement: $19.00 or as low as $16 a month if you commit to a year up front, but you don’t have to pay for the whole year up front.

answer: $19 per month, or $16 per month with an annual subscription.

text: Doesn't mention that you don't need to pay the whole year up front.

refinement: $19 per month, or $16 per month with an annual subscription, but you don’t have to pay for the whole year up front.

question: How many comments have been made on the post?

answer: 20

text: Wrong number

answer: 34

answer: Eighteen

text: Wrong number

question: Summarize everything relating to coupon codes.

answer: The coupon code "SERUMBB" entitles the consumer to a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalise & Glow Serum with their first monthly purchase of a Look Fantastic Beauty Box.

answer: Claiming a special Look Fantastic YouTube offer will entitle the subscriber to a free Aurelia ProBiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with an order of Look Fantastic box, but it isn't explicitly stated. Try the code 879588 which was displayed at the time of the post.

text: Wrong Code

refinement: Use coupon code "SERUMBB" which will entitle the subscriber to a free Aurelia ProBiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with an order of Look Fantastic box.

answer: The full subscription to the Look Fantastic Beauty box is currently $19, but subscribers can use a coupon code to get a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalise & Glow Serum with their first month of the subscription.

text: Missing coupon code.

refinement: The full subscription to the Look Fantastic Beauty box is currently $19, but subscribers can use coupon code "SERUMBB" to get a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalise & Glow Serum with their first month of the subscription.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Look Fantastic's April 2018 box, The Travelers Box, has all your essentials for your trip!

text: The excerpt is for the May 2018 box, not April.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 box, The Travelers Box, has all your essentials for your trip!

text: The excerpt is for the Look Fantastic Beauty Box, not Travelers Box.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box has all your essentials for your trip!

text: Doesn't mention cost.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box has all your essentials for your trip for only $19, or $16 with a year subscription.

text: Doesn't mention included products.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box has all your essentials for your trip for only $19, or $16 with a year subscription including whitening strips, anti aging serum, purifying mask, and more!

answer: Look Fantastic is a new subscription box for beauty products! With the COUPON CODE SERUMBB, you can get the Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalise & Glow Serum with your first month. This Apr 28th box will include 4 teeth whitening strips, a serum, a camera mask and more.

answer: Look Fantastic now includes an Aurelia Probiobiotic Skincare serum with your first month of this subscription

text: Doesn't mention the month this offer pertains to, or the fact that it's a box set.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box now includes an Aurelia Probiobiotic Skincare serum with your first month of this subscription

text: Doesn't mention the coupon code to get the serum.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box now includes an Aurelia Probiobiotic Skincare serum with coupon code "SERUMBB" and your first month of this subscription.

text: Doesn't mention any of the products besides the bonus item.

refinement: Look Fantastic's May 2018 Beauty Box now includes an Aurelia Probiobiotic Skincare serum with coupon code "SERUMBB" and your first month of this subscription and whitening strips, anti aging serum, purifying mask, and more!

answer: The post lists the contents of the May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box and lists the price  as $19 per month, or $16 per month with an annual subscription.

text: Doesn't mention the bonus gift with coupon code.

refinement: The post lists the contents of the May 2018 Look Fantastic Beauty Box and lists the price  as $19 per month, or $16 per month with an annual subscription and a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalise & Glow serum with the coupon code "SERUMBB."

answer: Look Fantastic is offering a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase.

text: Doesn't mention the promo code necessary for the free gift.

refinement: Look Fantastic is offering a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase and promo code "SERUMBB."

text: Doesn't mention price.

refinement: Look Fantastic is offering a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase of $19, or $16 with a year subscription, and promo code "SERUMBB."

text: Doesn't mention the products contained.

refinement: Look Fantastic is offering a sampler Beauty Box with whitening strips, anti aging serum, purifying mask, and a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase of $19, or $16 with a year subscription, and promo code "SERUMBB."

answer: Look Fantastic is an online beauty box subscription that offers makeup, skincare, haircare, and beauty and lifestyle items that ship worldwide.

text: Doesn't mention the free gift with promo code.

refinement: Look Fantastic is an online beauty box subscription that offers makeup, skincare, haircare, and beauty and lifestyle items that ship worldwide and comes with a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase and promo code "SERUMBB."

text: Doesn't mention price.

refinement: Look Fantastic is an online beauty box subscription that offers makeup, skincare, haircare, and beauty and lifestyle items that ship worldwide and comes with a free Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Revitalize & Glow Serum with a first month of a purchase for $19, or $16 with year subscription, and promo code "SERUMBB."


text:
Mindfulness? Pah. You don’t have time to sit around doing nothing. Or maybe you’ve read the research and you’re sold on the idea of mindfulness but you just can’t find the time. You’re not alone, this is something that we hear frequently at Positive Change Guru. So what can you do to make mindfulness part of your day? We’ve put together six painless but powerful practices to kick start your Mindfulness journey. We show you how to start where you are, adding mindfulness into your day with just a few minor tweaks.

Too Busy to practice mindfulness? We show you how to practice mindfulness for busy people (who don’t have time) in six easy steps

1.  START YOUR DAY WITH MINDFUL BREATHING

Yes, we know that you’re already breathing (truthfully, we’d be worried if you weren’t). This is a way of applying mindfulness to something that you already do, using the breath as an anchor. It’s a strategy for setting the tone of the rest of your day and can be a great way to embed mindfulness as a habit. Think about your morning routine, how do you typically start your day? Waking, getting out of bed, cleaning your teeth, having your first dose of caffeine? Is there space for one minute of mindfulness practice? A mindful minute perhaps? Or a quick body scan? If you’ve ever decided to run a marathon and followed a running plan you may be familiar with the strategy of run a minute, walk a minute on day 1, run two minutes, walk two minutes on day 2 as a starting point. Surprisingly, training your brain is no different to training your body. And that’s what you’re going to do. Think of it as neuro training.

Start with a minute of practice first thing in the morning on week one and build up to two minutes on week two. Start where you are and see how far you can build your morning practice. As you begin to see the benefits, you’ll be surprised at how easy it becomes to incorporate mindfulness into your morning routine.

2. STOP

One of the things that we like about the STOP exercise is its simplicity. Sometimes mindfulness sounds more complicated than it really is. STOP is deceptively simple and it’s something that we can all do, at any time during the day for 60 seconds. It will enable to interrupt habitual thinking or patterns of cognitive complacency by bringing you back to the present moment.

3. (S)TOP
     (T)AKE A BREATH. Notice the flow of your breath in and out of your body.
     (O)BSERVE your thoughts as you breath in and out, what is popping into your head, right here? Right now? How are you feeling you, your body? What sensations are here? Do you notice tension, aches, or are you relxed? How is it for you, right now in this moment?
     (P)ROCEED. Once you’ve practice STOP keep calm and carry on with your day.

4. The waiting practice.

You know what it’s like, you’re stuck in traffic, the lights are at red and you are willing them to change with every fibre of your body. Perhaps you’re in a queue and the conversation between the cashier and the person in front infuriates you as you glance at your watch. Can’t they see you’re on a schedule? Or perhaps your train is waiting at the station, delayed for some unknown reason. Don’t they know you have somewhere to go? Annoying isn’t it? The irritation as you wait is an opportunity in disguise and a prime moment to practice mindfulness. Try this three step waiting practice instead;

Bring your focus to your breath. Notice the cool stream of air above your upper lip as you inhale and a warmer sensation in the same area as you exhale.
Move your attention to your body.

How are you feeling? What sensations are you able to detect? How does your irritation manifest itself in the body? Clenched fists, increased heart rate? What do you notice as you scan your body?

Notice your thoughts; annoyance? Impatience? Irritation? Recognize them and then allow them to be, just as they are.
Stop multitasking

5. Stop Multitasking.

Multitasking is a myth. As much as we want to believe that it’s possible we know from a plethora of research in the field of neuroscience that the ability to focus on several tasks at the same time just isn’t possible. Studies by Gloria Mark, Professor of Informatics at the University of California found that when we’re continually distracted we may work faster but we produce less, increasing your error rate.

Dr JoAnn Deak author of ‘Your Fantastic Elastic Brain” states that “When you try to multitask, in the short term it doubles the amount of time it takes to do a task and it usually at least double the number of mistakes.” Worse still, researchers at Stanford University found that regular multitaskers are particularly bad at it, suggesting multitaskers are easily distracted.

STILL NOT CONVINCED? TRY THIS QUICK TEST FROM THE POTENTIAL PR

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about starting one's day?

answer: The author says that starting one's day with mindful breathing can help set the tone for the rest of the day. A mindful minute can be incorporated into the morning routine, and building one's morning practice can be eventually get up to two minutes.

answer: No answer

text: The response is incorrect.

refinement: The author says that starting one's day with mindful breathing can help set the tone for the rest of the day. A mindful minute can be incorporated into the morning routine, and building one's morning practice can be eventually get up to two minutes.

answer: The text says that multitasking is not possible and it is not effective for getting things done. Therefore, starting one's day by focusing on one task at a time is a more productive way to start the day.

text: Wile the response attempts to answer the question it has missed the part of the text that answers it.

refinement: The text says that starting your day with breathing can help train your brain to be more mindful.

answer: The text states that you need to stop multitasking in order to focus effectively. This is something you should do in order to start your day because it will help avoid distraction and improve your performance.

answer: The author describes a typical person's morning routine as waking, getting out of bed, cleaning one's teeth, and having one's first dose of caffeine. They suggest incorporating a mindful minute into the process, and potentially building to longer stretches of time later; they argue that as one begins to see the benefits of that practice, it will become easier to do more.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about multitasking?

answer: The text indicates that multitasking is inefficient and increases the rate of mistakes and that regular multitaskers are easily distracted.

answer: Multitasking is a myth. Multitasking is at best inefficient and at worst counterproductive. The text provides examples of a time you may have been stumped in traffic and are not alone. The example mentions to practice mindfulness.

text: 'The text provides examples of a time you may have been stumped in traffic and are not alone. The example mentions to practice mindfulness.' is irrelevant to the answer.

refinement: Multitasking is a myth. Multitasking is at best inefficient and at worst counterproductive.

text: The response should include the fact that multitaskers are usually easily distracted and produce more errors.

refinement: Multitasking is a myth. Multitasking is at best inefficient and at worst counterproductive. The text says that multitaskers work faster but produce less, and usually incur more errors in their work.

answer: The text says that multitasking can be detrimental to performance and results in increased mistakes. It also doubles the amount of time it takes to complete a task.

answer: The author claims that multitasking is a myth. They cite research, particularly by Gloria Mark, a Professor of Informatics at the University of California, which found that when one is distracted, one may work faster, but produce less and with more errors. They also cite Dr. JoAnn Deak, who makes similar points.

answer: Multitasking is a myth, the research from different universities says. When we're distracted, it doubles the amount of time it takes us to do a task. Regular multitaskers are easily distracted, which means multitasking becomes a more difficult task to do as it takes more time to do it.

text: Minor grammatical edit required for the sake of coherence.

refinement: Multitasking is a myth, says the research from different universities. When we're distracted, it doubles the amount of time it takes us to do a task. Regular multitaskers are easily distracted, which means multitasking causes tasks to take more time.


text:
[Photos of Brian's injuries in the hospital before his death (Source: family)]

Photos of Brian's injuries in the hospital before his death (Source: family)

Jerry didn't think he had to worry about his son, Brian, in the Hardeman County Jail.

He said the sheriff even gave him assurances that he would personally make sure Brian was OK, but that didn't happen.

Jerry and his attorney laid out a disturbing trail of puzzling occurrences leading up to Brian's death.

"This has been a nightmare, as you can imagine, from the moment I got the call saying that Brian hung himself," Jerry said.

What makes it even worse, Jerry Lawler does not believe his son Brian actually hung himself in the Hardeman County Jail on July 29.

"Brian being my son, I knew him, everybody around him who knew him and they all have expressed doubts," Jerry said.

Jerry's lawyer Ted Hansom said that includes inmates with his son at the Hardeman County Jail.

"We've received literally countless calls, text messages from people, actual eyewitnesses, that were in the jail and saw things that happened on the actual day that Brian died that now has opened up a new can of worms," Jerry said. "It just doesn't seem like it was suicide."

Brian was in the Hardeman County Jail after an early July arrest for a DUI. Sheriff John Doolen said Brian, a well-known former WWE star known at one point as Grand Master Sexay, was placed in a cell by himself because of his notoriety.

But Jerry said his son was with other inmates at the jail. He and family members kept in close contact with Brian, speaking to him every day.

It appears Brian was moved to a segregated cell after a fight.

"I talked to Brian Saturday morning 11 o'clock the day he died," Jerry said. "He talked perfectly normal, perfectly rational."

A couple of hours later Jerry Lawler's fiancée Lauryn got a call from the jail.

"Lauryn got a call about 2 in the afternoon that said Brian had been in a fight in the jail," Jerry said.

Jerry said the fight was described as no big deal.

"An inmate was actually playing cards with Brian when the altercation happened when Brian got hit," Jerry said.

Jerry said witnesses described Brian as bleeding from the head asking for medical help that he apparently didn't get at the jail.

Then four or five hours later, the call came in that Brian had hung himself.

"It just doesn't pass the smell test," Jerry said.

Another reason Jerry believes that is because of photos of Brian taken in the hospital before he died.

Jerry said the sheriff told his fiancée that Brian used his shoestrings to hang himself. The photos show marks on either side of Brian's neck, but not in the front of his neck.

"Just look at his neck and look at his hand," Jerry said. "You can see the lines on his neck all the way around here to here and what would be the length of your hand as if he was trying to keep the pressure off."

"I think the pictures indicate something other than someone hanging himself with a shoelace," Hansom said.

The TBI investigation into Brian's death is not complete, so Jerry does not have access to the case file at this point.

Jerry said 20 of the cameras inside the jail were reportedly not working.

Brian Lawler's death certificate indicates he died from suicide by hanging.

"Jerry and his family want to know the truth about what happened to Brian," Hansom said.

Jerry says he won't quit.

"Not until we find out exactly what happened," Jerry said.

WMC Action News 5 contacted the TBI and was told the case of Brian Lawler's death is active and ongoing.

We also reached out to Hardeman County Sheriff, John Doolen, who did not return our call.

_Copyright 2018 WMC Action News 5. All rights reserved._

question: Why was Brain in jail?

answer: He was arrested for a DUI.

answer: Brian was in the Hardeman County Jail after an early July arrest for a DUI.

text: 'Brian was in the Hardeman County Jail after an early July arrest...' is unnecessary information for this question.

answer: According to the passage, Brian was arrested for a DUI.

answer: He was arrested for a DUI.

question: Why does Brian's family not believe that he hung himself?

answer: According to the passage, the family does not believe that Brian hung himself because they believe that the circumstances surrounding his death do not "pass the smell test." They believe that the photos of Brian's injuries in the hospital before his death indicate that he did not hang himself, as the marks on his neck are not in the front of his neck as they would be if he had used shoelaces to hang himself. Additionally, they believe that 20 of the jail's cameras were not working, which they believe is suspicious.

answer: They believe that Brian was in a fight and that he was bleeding from the head.

text: Brian being in a fight was considered as no big deal. That was not the reason his family refused to believe he hung himself.

refinement: They refused to believe he hung himself because they discovered from the photos that there were no hang marks on the front of his neck, and it was not in Brian's nature to be suicidal.

answer: They don't think he committed suicide because they know him and know he wasn't someone contemplating suicide. Others, including inmates who were with Brian in jail, have come forward with information about things that happened the day Brian died that have caused doubt in the report that he hung himself. The pictures taken of Brian before he died don't appear to be consistent with a hanging suicide. Twenty of the cameras in the jail weren't working that day.

answer: Brian's family does not believe that he hung himself because of the lack of marks on his neck in the front of his neck.

text: The lack of marks and the fact that they believed Brian was not suicidal.

refinement: Brian's family does not believe that he hung himself because of the lack of shoestring marks in the front of his neck and the fact that he was not suicidal.

question: What is the relationship between Brian and Lauryn?

answer: Lauryn is Brian's fiancée.

text: Lauryn is Jerry's fiancee.

answer: Brian and Lauryn are engaged to be married.

text: Brian and Lauryn were not engaged to be married; instead, she was his father's fiancee.

answer: Lauryn is Brian's dad's fiancee.

answer: Lauryn is Jerry's fiancée.

question: What is the "smell test"?

answer: The "smell test" is a term used to describe the feeling that something is not right.

answer: The "smell test" refers to the idea that something does not "pass" as being legitimate or trustworthy. In this case, Jerry Lawler and his family believe that Brian's death does not pass the smell test because they do not believe that he committed suicide.

answer: It seems the "smell test" is a test of legitimacy.

answer: The smell test is a way of saying that something doesn't pass the smell test.

text: The response does not explain what the smell test is.

refinement: The smell test is a way of saying that something is not acceptable, trustworthy, or credible.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Brian Lawler, a former WWE star known as Grand Master Sexay, was placed in a cell by himself because of his notoriety. He was in the Hardeman County Jail after an early July arrest for a DUI. He was placed in a segregated cell after a fight.

text: The summary fails to mention that he died in jail and was said to have committed suicide, but his family was suspicious of the verdict.

refinement: Brian Lawler, a former WWE star known as Grand Master Sexay, was arrested in July for a DUI. He was placed in the Hardeman County Jail cell by himself because of his notoriety. After a fight ensued, he was later placed in a segregated cell, and afterward, he was reported to have hung himself, but his family refused to accept that he committed suicide.

answer: This news story reports that Brian Lawler's death was caused by suicide while in jail; the death certificate indicates he hung himself with his shoe laces. His father Jerry doesn't believe he killed himself, and TBI is investigating the death. The circumstances surrounding Brian's death seem suspicious: the day of his death, 20 cameras in the jail weren't working; eye witnesses who saw what happened that day have come forward; and photographs of Brian's neck injuries that were taken at the hospital before he died don't seem to support death by hanging.

answer: Jerry Lawler's son, Brian, died in the Hardeman County Jail in July. Jerry and his attorney believe that Brian did not commit suicide, but rather was killed. The TBI is still investigating the case, but Jerry and his family are not satisfied with the official explanation of suicide.

answer: Brian Lawler, a former WWE star, died in the Hardeman County Jail. His father, Jerry Lawler, and his lawyer, Ted Hansom, believe that Brian did not commit suicide, but was killed. They have received numerous calls from eyewitnesses who say that Brian was not given medical attention after a fight in the jail. They also believe that Brian's death certificate is incorrect, and that he was killed.


text:
AVIFILOPLUMA (“bird filoplumes”) is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Unlike most clades, which are defined based on relative relationships, Avifilopluma is defined based on an _apomorphy_, that is, a unique physical characteristic shared by one group and not found outside that group (in this case, feathers). It includes all coelurosaurs, some orionoides, and one or two basal tetanurans.

Definition

The clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz in a 2001 paper. Their specific definition for the group was “the clade stemming from the first pan-avian with feathers homologous (synapomorphic) with those of _Aves_ (_Vultur gryphus_ Linnaeus 1758).”[1]

The authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”: Any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds.[2]

Content

Gauthier and de Queiroz originally referred a number of prehistoric species to this group, on the basis of fossilized feather traces. These included what they considered to be non-avian dinosaurs such as _Sinornithosaurus_, _Archaeopteryx_, and the enantiornithines, all of which had true feathers. They tentatively considered the simpler feathers of other dinosaurs like _Sinosauropteryx_ and _Beipiaosaurus_ to be homologues of modern feathers and thus probably included in Avifilopluma. Therefore, they concluded that Avifilopluma would include most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.[3]

The authors went further, and speculated that pending more complete knowledge of dinosaur skin structures, even the most primitive theropods could turn out to be avifiloplumans.[4] This idea gained tentative support with the discovery of _Tianyulong_, an ornithischian dinosaur with apparently hollow, filamentous feather-like fibers covering its body. This specimen was described by Zheng and colleagues in 2009, who noted definite similarities between the filaments of _Tianyulong_ and coelurosaurian theropods, supporting the idea that all such structures were homologous with modern feathers, and pushing the origin of feathers back to the origin of dinosaurs or earlier.[5] The discovery of _Kulindadromeus_ supported the idea that feathers were already present in the last common ancestor of ornithischians and theropods, which was either the first dinosaur or the first ornithoscelidan depending on how ornithischians are related to other dinosaurs.[6][7]

Some scientists have gone even further and suggested that the downy filaments present in some species of pterosaur are also feathers, and if this is the case, it would place the origin of feathers at or before the primitive split between dinosaurs and pterosaurs (Ornithodira).[8][9] It has been suggested that _Longisquama_ could be associated with the origin of feathers [10] and that their origin might have even preceded the appearance of the first crown archosaurs.[11] [Distribution of feather types among dinosaurs according to Benton _et al_., 2019. The authors also consider pterosaurs feathered animals.[12]]

[1] Gauthier, J. and de Queiroz, K. (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs,flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs,and the name “Aves”". Pp. 7-41 in Gauthier, J. and L.F. Gall (eds.), _New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom_. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. .

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Andrea, C. A. U. (2018). The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process. _Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana_, _57_(1), 2.

[8] Czerkas, S.A., and Ji, Q. (2002). A new rhamphorhynchoid with a headcrest and complex integumentary structures. In: Czerkas, S.J. (Ed.). _Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight_. The Dinosaur Museum:Blanding, Utah, 15-41. .

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

title: Avifilopluma

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize some interesting facts about Avifilopluma.

answer: It consists of the clade containing all animals with feathers. The clade is different from others because feathers are unique and not shared with any other beings. Avifiloplumans potentially includes most (or all) of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria. Feathers were considered to belong to the Dinosauria family along with Ornithoscelida and Pterosauria based on the reviewed studies. Feathers were considered to be novel in nature having evolved after even feathered dinosaurs were discovered.

text: This statement is false and should be omitted

refinement: It consists of the clade containing all animals with feathers. The clade is different from others because feathers are unique and not shared with any other beings. Avifiloplumans potentially includes most (or all) of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria. Feathers were considered to belong to the Dinosauria family along with Ornithoscelida and Pterosauria based on the reviewed studies.

text: Feathers didn't "belong" to the dinosaur family, there were just some dinosaurs that could be classified as avifilopluma.

refinement: It consists of the clade containing all animals with feathers. The clade is different from others because feathers are unique and not shared with any other beings. Avifiloplumans potentially includes most (or all) of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria. Some dinosaurs were classified as Avifiloplumans, and other species including Ornithoscelida and Pterosauria based on the reviewed studies were too.

answer: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. The clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz.

text: This is redundant and should be omitted.

refinement: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz.

text: It's omitted that some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would inclde most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

refinement: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. Some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would inclde most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

answer: When the clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz, its definition for the group was “the clade stemming from the first pan-avian with feathers homologous with those of Aves (-Vultur Gryphus- Linnaeus 1758).” In a 2001 paper, the authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”- any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds. They tentatively considered the simpler feathers of other dinosaurs like Sinosauropteryx and Beipiaosaurus to be homologues of modern feathers and thus probably included in Avifilopluma. The authors went further, and speculated that pending more complete knowledge of dinosaur skin structures, even the most primitive theropods could turn out to be avifiloplumans.

answer: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. The clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. The authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”: Any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds.

text: This is redundant and should be omitted.

refinement: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. The authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”: Any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds.

text: It's omitted that some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would inclde most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

refinement: Avifilopluma is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz. The authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”: Any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds. This means some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would inclde most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

answer: It consists of the clade containing all animals with feathers. The clade is different from others because feathers are unique and not shared with any other beings. Avifiloplumans potentially includes most (or all) of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

text: It's omitted that some species of dinosaurs were considered Aviloplumans

refinement: It consists of the clade containing all animals with feathers. The clade is different from others because feathers are unique and not shared with any other beings. Some species of dinosaurs were considered Aviloplumans. Which means Avifiloplumans potentially includes most (or all) of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

answer: When the clade Avifilopluma was created along with several other apomorphy-based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz, its definition for the group was “the clade stemming from the first pan-avian with feathers homologous with those of Aves (-Vultur gryphus- Linnaeus 1758).” In a 2001 paper, the authors went on to define specifically what qualified as a “feather”- any filamentous structure arising from a follicle in the skin, with a hollow base, that shares common ancestry with the feathers of modern birds. They tentatively considered the simpler feathers of other dinosaurs like Sinosauropteryx and Beipiaosaurus to be homologues of modern feathers and thus probably included in Avifilopluma. The authors went further, and speculated that pending more complete knowledge of dinosaur skin structures, even the most primitive theropods could turn out to be avifiloplumans.

answer: Avifilopluma is a clade that contains all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma is defined based on an apomorphy, which is a unique physical characteristic that is shared by one group and not found outside that group. Avifilopluma was created by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz in a 2001 paper.

text: It's omitted that some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would inclde most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

refinement: Avifilopluma is a clade that contains all animals with feathers. Avifilopluma is defined based on an apomorphy, which is a unique physical characteristic that is shared by one group and not found outside that group. Avifilopluma was created by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz in a 2001 paper. Some species of dinosaurs were considered Avilopluma, which would include most of the clade Maniraptora or Coelurosauria.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How would learning about Avifilopluma be helpful to bird watchers?

answer: This information would likely be of interest to ornithologists.

text: The question asks about bird watchers, not ornithologists.

text: Blank response

refinement: It could be helpful to bird watchers as it includes all the species of birds.

answer: Avifilopluma is a clade that includes all species of birds. Learning about Avifilopluma would help bird watchers learn about the different species of birds.

answer: This information would likely be of interest to bird watchers.

text: The question asks "how". This does not describe "how".

refinement: This information would likely be of interest to bird watchers because the clade includes all species of birds.

answer: That information cannot be found in the input

text: An answer could be heavily assumed based off of the input.

text: Blank response

refinement: It could be helpful to bird watchers as it includes all the species of birds.

answer: If only Avifiliopluma included recently extinct species, and a bird species were to go extinct, the watcher would know when it was last seen, by using Avifiliopluma.

text: This is inaccurate.

text: Blank response

refinement: It could be helpful to bird watchers as it includes all the species of birds.

answer: It would be helpful to bird watchers because if they see a featherless bird, they would know it is not an avifiloplumian.

text: This answer is incorrect as there are no featherless birds.

text: Blank response

refinement: It could be helpful to bird watchers as it includes all the species of birds.


text:
_TUGANA_ is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.[1]

Species

it contains four species, found in Cuba and Hispaniola:[2]

-   _Tugana cavatica_ (Bryant, 1940) – Cuba
-   _Tugana crassa_ (Bryant, 1948) – Hispaniola
-   _Tugana cudina_ Alayón, 1992 – Cuba
-   _Tugana infumata_ (Bryant, 1948) – Hispaniola

[1]

[2]

title: Tugana

question: Which animals does the text describe?

answer: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.

answer: A specific genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders.

answer: The main subject is the Tugana Java genus, a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders.

question: When was this genus first described?

answer: In 1948.

answer: The genus was first described in 1948.

answer: The genus was first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.

question: Who described it?

answer: The genus 'Tugana' was originally described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.

answer: R. V. Chamberlin was the person who first described the genus "Tugana" in 1948.

answer: R. V. Chamberlin.

question: Where are the four species of this genus found?

answer: In Cuba and Hispaniola.

answer: It is found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

answer: They are found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948. It contains four species, found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

text: Doesn't enumerate the four species.

refinement: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948. It contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana cudina, and Tugana infumata found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

answer: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders. Tugana contains four species found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

text: Doesn't say who first described the genus and when.

refinement: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R.V. Chamberlin in 1948. Tugana contains four species found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

text: Doesn't enumerate the species.

refinement: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R.V. Chamberlin in 1948. Tugana contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana cudina, and Tugana infumata found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

answer: "Tugana" is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R.V. Chamberlin in 1948. It contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana crassa, and Tugana infumata.

answer: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R.V. Chamberlin in 1948. It contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana cudina, Tugana crassa, and Tugana infumata.

answer: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders, containing four species. They were first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.

text: Doesn't enumerate the species.

refinement: Tugana is a genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders, containing four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana cudina, and Tugana infumata. They were first described by R. V. Chamberlin in 1948.

answer: The text is about a specific genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders. Tugana genus contains four species, found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

text: Doesn't enumerate the species.

refinement: The text is about a specific genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders. Tugana genus contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana cudina, and Tugana infumata, found in Cuba and Hispaniola.

text: Doesn't say who first described the genus and when.

refinement: The text is about a specific genus of Caribbean tangled nest spiders first described by R.V. Chamberlin in 1948. Tugana genus contains four species: Tugana cavatica, Tugana crassa, Tugana cudina, and Tugana infumata, found in Cuba and Hispaniola.


text:
[]

This is a Sponsored Post on Behalf of Wocket Smart Wallet. All opinions are 100% my own.

If you are anything like me, you have a habit of collecting items you do not necessarily need in your wallet. I probably clean my wallet out once a year. And since I stuff so much crap in my wallet, I often need a new wallet after about a year or two. Here I want to go over my steps for clearing out my wallet for good,  so I no longer have to go through this “Hoarders: wallet edition” cleaning -every year.

Why Is Your Wallet so Gross?

[IMG_1955][IMG_1957]

Before you start anything, you have to get to the root of the problem. Ask yourself, why is your wallet so gross in the first place? Are you collecting membership cards? Do you have expired coupons in there? Are you collecting old receipts? Really take a look at what is in there so you can figure out how to not make this happen again.

My reason why I have so much garbage in my wallet is two-fold. 1. I have a lot of cards: gift cards, loyalty cards, credit cards, bank cards, business bank cards, and the list goes on! 2. I hang on to receipts for everything. I mean everything-food trucks, CVS, grocery store, etc..

The next steps include starting new habits to keep from holding on to junk I don't need, but I plan on using some new technology called the Wocket Smart Wallet to help me with my clutter issues. Now let's take on the psychological issues first.

FIRST COMES TACKLING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES

When it comes to breaking any bad habits, I think you have to make a mental acknowledgment about why you do the thing you do. At one point, I saved receipts consciously and now I save them without thinking i.e. it's a habit. My thought is “What if I have to return something?” or “Maybe I need to save this receipt to track my grocery spending.” So now when I am handed a receipt I am going to ask myself these questions:

1.  WOULD YOU REALLY RETURN ANY OF THIS STUFF?
2.  IF YOU WANT TO SHOW A RECEIPT SET A CELL PHONE NOTIFICATION TO REMIND YOU
3.  IF YOU PLAN ON TRACKING THIS WAY -SET A NOTIFICATION ON YOUR PHONE TO ORGANIZE THIS SO-CALLED SPENDING PLAN YOU ARE GOING TO DO.

My thoughts are that either I will be too lazy to set the notification and will discard the receipt immediately, or I will actually set the notification and hold myself accountable. Eventually, I will build a habit to keep my wallet clean always and when there is a spare piece of paper in there it will be more surprising than anything. The next step of decluttering your wallet is the physical aspect of making it smaller using a Wocket.

WHAT THE HELL IS A WOCKET?

[Wocket Back] [Wocket CU]

Okay, so I know you are wondering about this now, so let me go into it! A Wocket is a digital wallet that replaces your existing wallet that contains all of your credit cards, loyalty cards, debit cards; pretty much any card with a barcode or magnetic strip on it. You program the cards into an electronic device and when it's time to pay you choose the card you want to use and either let them scan the barcode on the screen or use the plastic digital card provided in the Wocket.

[Wocket SIde Profile][IMG_1952]

My thoughts are,  if I move all my crap over to the Wocket- a much smaller wallet I can still carry all my cards and I still have a place to add my ID and a little cash. Having a physically smaller wallet makes it easier to lay off the receipt collection. Not to mention, I will not have a wallet that weighs 5 lbs.

ADVANTAGES OF SWITCHING TO A WOCKET

[IMG_1948] [IMG_1949]

So if you are wondering is this really worth moving all my cards to this thing, I am telling you this thing is a game changer. Here are a few perks for switching to a Wocket.

-   Leave all your cards at home where they are safe-No need to worry about pick-pockets
-   You can store thousands of cards
-   It is secured to you with a unique voice print or a pin number
-   You only charge it once every 6 months
-   No internet needed

HOW DID IT WORK FOR ME?

I thought the concept of Wocket was awesome and I have to say I was really nervous the first time I used my Wocket card. I actually carried my actual cards with me the first time just to be safe it worked. My fear was unwarranted; it turned out since it worked just fine! I chose the card I wanted to use and removed the Wocket card from my wallet and handed it to the cashier. She swiped it and gave it back to me. It worked! I am using this now instead of carrying my heavy wallet around and I don't think I'll have issues with hoarding receipts anymore.[IMG_1956]

Having a clean wallet is a good start to having more organized finances in general. When you know what is in your wallet, not only is it easier not to lose items, but it's nice to know that you have everything you need in such a small package. Want to learn more about Wocket? Check them out here at WocketWallet.com. You can also save $30 off by entering the code  30OFF-7D3FA8TE. [DECLUTTERING YOUR WALLET 101]

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the types of situations in which one might utilize a Wocket.

answer: Because it's smaller and weighs less, a Wocket's primary purpose is for carrying credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking and public transportation cards, as well as phone cards, and public transit cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations.

text: This doesn't explain that a wocket is a smart wallet that digitizes all your cards.

refinement: A wocket is smaller and weighs less than a wallet. Its primary purpose is for digitizing all your credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking and public transportation cards, as well as phone cards, and public transit cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations. To use the wocket, a vendor must scan the barcode.

answer: The author uses a Wocket to store all of their credit cards, gift cards, and loyalty cards.

text: Fails to mention digitalization

refinement: The author uses a Wocket to digitally store all of their credit cards, gift cards, and loyalty cards.

answer: This technology can be useful in any situation where a user would have many cards that could possibly get stolen or get them into different types of debt. With a Wocket, users are able to organize all their cards into a neat and secure place and can access all of them quickly, hence increasing the convenience factor. Imagine a person who is always losing their cards and has to go through a hassle of getting their cards replaced each time they happen to misplace them. With a Wocket, one would only need to use the digital cards displayed and a Wocket can store thousands of cards at a time.

text: This technology has nothing to do with how much debt you get into.

refinement: This technology can be useful in any situation where a user would have many cards that could possibly get stolen. With a Wocket, users are able to organize all their cards into a neat and secure place and can access all of them quickly, hence increasing the convenience factor. Imagine a person who is always losing their cards and has to go through a hassle of getting their cards replaced each time they happen to misplace them. With a Wocket, one would only need to use the digital cards displayed and a Wocket can store thousands of cards at a time.

answer: Due to its size, a Wocket's primary purpose is for carrying credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking cards, public transportation cards, and even phone cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations. Essentially, any public person using a public card a Wocket is applicable for.

text: Doesn't explain why the size matters

refinement: A Wocket's primary purpose is for carrying credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking cards, public transportation cards, and even phone cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations. Essentially, any public person using a public card a Wocket is applicable for.

text: Omits the fact that the cards are digitized

refinement: A Wocket's primary purpose is for carrying digitized credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking cards, public transportation cards, and even phone cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations. Essentially, any public person using a public card a Wocket is applicable for.

text: Repetitive

refinement: A Wocket's primary purpose is for carrying digitized credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking cards, public transportation cards, and even phone cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations.

answer: It seems the Wocket is useful for carrying around a lot of cards. It would be useful for people who carry many cards in their wallet. For example, people who carry gift cards, loyalty cards, credit cards, bank cards, business bank cards, and the list goes on. It would also be useful for people who carry a lot of receipts.

text: It is of no use for receipts

refinement: It seems the Wocket is useful for carrying around a lot of cards. It would be useful for people who carry many cards in their wallet. For example, people who carry gift cards, loyalty cards, credit cards, bank cards, business bank cards, and the list goes on.

text: This repeats the same sentence in different formats three times

refinement: A wocket is smaller and weighs less than a wallet. Its primary purpose is for digitizing all your credit cards, loyalty cards, and ID cards. Parking and public transportation cards, as well as phone cards, and public transit cards can be used with Wockets to make transactions in various situations. To use the wocket, a vendor must scan the barcode.

answer: It seems that the Wocket is useful for carrying around a lot of cards. It would be useful for people who carry many cards in their wallet. For example, people who carry gift cards, loyalty cards, credit cards, bank cards, business bank cards, and the list goes on. It would also be useful for people who carry a lot of receipts.


text:
This was my first short story I had to write for my Creative Writing class back when I was a Junior in high school. I hope you like it!

    "Ooohhhh," Helen groaned. She hurt everywhere. Being in a hospital for six weeks is really something that she wasn't looking forward to. She was about to call for a nurse to change the channel on her tiny tv (golf was not her thing!) when all of a sudden there was a knock on the door. "Come in," she called weakly.

   "Hello, I'm Dr. Bandade, how are you feeling?" He smiled a toothy smile.

   She gave the burly man a sarcastic look. "How do you *think* I'm feeling? I fell out of a five-story window!"

    The doctor pulled up a chair next to her. "Yes about that, how exactly did it happen? On this statement is says that you were pushed?"

    Helen cringed at the very thought of it, not only because it was painful, but she wasn't sure if he would believe her. "Well, it started out as a normal day. I woke up, ate breakfast, completed the daily crossword puzzle in the paper.

    "It was then I noticed that my window was open. A cool breeze swept through, so I decided to close it. I got up and went over to the window.

    "Right as I reached out to grab the handle, Rufus, my cat, rubbed against my leg, causing me to lose my balance. Before I knew it, I was falling out the window!

    "I screamed. I heard people screaming below me. I felt breathless. Panic swept over me.

    "It was only too soon when I came into contact with the ground. I heard bones shattering and I cried out in pain. In the distance, sirens wailed. The ambulance charged down the street.

    "After they put me on the stretcher, they hauled me away to the hospital, where they told me I was lucky to even be alive. They said I broke every bone in my body. I'll be here about six weeks, if not more." Her face fell when she told the doctor this. "And that's all that happened."

    Dr. Bandade looked over at her. "So you fell out accidentally then."

    "No! I was *pushed* out!" she yelled.

    "But you even said that you lost your balance, and no one was with you."

    "Yes there was... Rufus! *He* pushed me out!"

    The doctor rationalized, "But he's a *cat.* He probably didn't realize that rubbing against you to show affection would-"

    But Helen cut him off. "He *deliberately* rubbed too hard and made me lost my balance."

    "What would be the purpose for Rufus to push you?" The doctor raised an eyebrow.

    "He's just evil," she simply said.

    "Oh." He wrote some things down on his clipboard.

    Helen stared at him suspiciously. "What kind of doctor are you anyway, asking me all these questions?"

    "I'm a psychiatrist." He wrote some more things down.

    "What? You think I'm crazy don't you?! I'm telling you, my cat is trying to *kill me!"*

    Before Dr. Bandade could say anything, there was a knock at the door.

    "Excuse me, doctor," the nurse said, "but there's someone here to see her."

    Helen perked up a bit. A visitor to see her!

    The visitor walked into the room.

    "Rufus!" Helen shrieked.

    Standing there was the tabby cat. He was staring at her with glossy green eyes, slanted into slits. His tail twitched as if to say, "I'm *back."*

title: Paranoid?... Or Just Plain Evil?

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who does Helen blame for her fall?

answer: She blames Rufus, her cat. She claims that her cat is evil. Her doctor is a psychiatrist and thinks she may be paranoid. Then a visitor comes to the hospital. It's Rufus — her cat.

answer: Helen blames Rufus, her cat, for her fall.

answer: Her cat Rufus.

text: The phrase is missing a comma.

answer: Helen blames her cat for her fall.

answer: Helen blames her cat, Rufus, for her fall.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What injury did Helen suffer?

answer: She broke every bone in her body falling out of a five-story window.

answer: Helen suffered a fall out of a five-story window, causing her to break all of her bones.

answer: Helen suffered a fall from a five-story window.

text: The response did not offer an answer to the kind of injuries suffered by the narrator.

refinement: Helen broke all the bones in her body after falling from a five-story window.

answer: Helen broke every bone in her body and broke her skull.

text: The response contains repetition - the phrase about the narrator breaking her skull is not needed as the first part of the sentence already answered the questions.

answer: She fell out a five story window. This caused her to break all of her bones. According to the medical report she must be in the hospital for six weeks.