text:
WILLIAM HENRY BALGARNIE (12 May 1869 – c. July 1951) was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School, and was the inspiration for the character Mr. Chips in the book _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_, written by one of his students at The Leys, James Hilton.[1]

Life

He was born at Woolwich. He was the son of a Presbyterian minister, Balgarnie studied at and taught at Elmfield College before going to The Leys. In the 1890s he gathered with other Old Elmfieldians in London for a country walk followed by tea, which was invariably accompanied with recitations and ballads around the piano.

Balgarnie was the first Elmfieldian M.A. (1891), and went from Elmfield to Fowey Grammar School, in Cornwall.[2]

In 1894, Balgarnie was awarded a sizarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he duly exited with a first-class Honours degree in classics.[3] There he met W. W. Gibberd, the mathematician, through the Cambridge University Hare and Hounds, the cross-country club.

What must be unique to Balgarnie is that he was followed at Trinity by his _elder_ brother, Edward, who entered Trinity in 1897 at the age of 30. From 1898 - 1900 he worked as an Assistant Master at Woodbridge school. And from 1900 till 1929 he was an Assistant and House Master at Leys school, and for 1 year he served as a Deputy Head Master(1929 - 1930).[4]

He was associated with three universities - he had M.A.s from London and Cambridge, and had worked for a year or two as anassistant Professor of Greek at Glasgow University under the young Gilbert Murray. His academic output included translations of Sophocles, Euripides and Lysias. He edited classical works, including Xenophon Anabasis.

At The Leys School in Cambridge he was senior classical master, and, for a short period, deputy head master, over a period of more than fifty years.[5]

He died at Porthmadog, Wales, after a heart attack.[6][7]

Leysian links with Elmfield College

Sir Dyson Mallinson was a governor at both Elmfield and The Leys.

Balgarnie was educated at and himself taught at Elmfield. One Elmfieldian who followed him to The Leys was Harold Rose.[8]

In popular culture

Among Balgarnie's students was James Hilton, who said he based the character Mr. Chipping in his novel _Goodbye Mr. Chips_ on Balgarnie.[9]

[1] Timothy Carroll, Who was the real Mr Chips?, _The Daily Telegraph_, 9 December 2002

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] Milestones, _Time magazine_, 30 July 1951

[7] Obituary, _The Times_, 2 Aug 1951

[8]

[9] 2002 _Telegraph_ article on _Goodbye, Mr. Chipps_

title: William Henry Balgarnie

question: Who was William Henry Balgarnie?

answer: Balgarnie was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College and The Leys School. Mr. Chipps from the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" was based off of him.

text: He was also a schoolmaster at Woodbridge School

refinement: Balgarnie was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School. Mr. Chipps from the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" was based off of him.

answer: William Henry Balgarnie was a schoolmaster who was the inspiration for James Hilton's novel and the character, Mr. Chips. He was taught at Elmfield before going to the Leys and taught there for 50 years.

text: Rephrase "James Hilton's novel and the character, Mr. Chips" to "the character Mr. Chips in James Hilton's novel Goodbye, Mr. Chips"

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was a schoolmaster who was the inspiration for the character Mr. Chips in James Hilton's novel Goodbye, Mr. Chips. He was taught at Elmfield before going to the Leys and taught there for 50 years.

answer: He was a schoolmaster at a couple of schools and was the inspiration behind the character Mr. Chips in the book Goodbye, Mr. Chips.

question: How many Masters Degrees does Balgarnie have?

answer: Balgarnie has two Masters Degrees

answer: He has two, from London and Cambridge.

text: Provide a response

question: What kind of books did Balgarnie write?

answer: According to the passage, Balgarnie wrote classical works, including translations of Sophocles, Euripides, and Lysias.

text: He wrote translations of classical works, which is not the same as writing classical works

refinement: According to the passage, Balgarnie wrote translations of classical works, including Sophocles, Euripides, and Lysias.

answer: He translated classics written by Sophocles, Euripides, and Lysias.

answer: According to the passage, Balgarnie wrote translations of Sophocles, Euripides and Lysias, in addition to other academic output and editing classical works.

question: What is the official cause of Balgarnie's death?

answer: Heart attack

answer: He died of a heart attack.

answer: Balgarnie has died of a heart attack.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: William Henry Balgarnie was a classical schoolmaster who taught at both Elmfield College and The Leys School for more than 50 years. At The Leys, he was known as the inspiration for the character Mr. Chips in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" by former student James Hilton. Balgarnie passed away in 1951 at Porthmadog, Wales.

text: Balgarnie taught at The Leys School for more than 50 years; it's not said how long he taught at Elmfield College

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was a classical schoolmaster who taught at Elmfield College and later taught for more than 50 years at The Leys School, where he was known as the inspiration for the character Mr. Chips in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" by former student James Hilton. Balgarnie passed away in 1951 at Porthmadog, Wales.

answer: William Henry Balgarnie was an educator who inspired the character of "Mr. Chips" in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips". He taught at both Elmfield College and The Leys School, spending over fifty years teaching classics at the latter school. His students remember him fondly, and he has been credited with being the inspiration behind the character.

text: "His students remember him fondly, and he has been credited with being the inspiration behind the character" is redundant

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was an educator who inspired the character of "Mr. Chips" in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips". He taught at both Elmfield College and The Leys School, spending over fifty years teaching classics at the latter school.

answer:
William Henry Balgarnie was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School. He is the inspiration behind the character Mr. Chips in the book Goodbye, Mr. Chips.

Balgarnie has dealings with three universities and had two Masters Degree from London and Cambridge. He also translated a couple of classics from Sophocles, Euripides, and so on.

Balgarnie died at Porthmadog, Wales, after a heart attack.

text: Change "so on" to "others"

refinement:
William Henry Balgarnie was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School. He is the inspiration behind the character Mr. Chips in the book Goodbye, Mr. Chips.

Balgarnie has dealings with three universities and had two Masters Degree from London and Cambridge. He also translated a couple of classics from Sophocles, Euripides, and others.

Balgarnie died at Porthmadog, Wales, after a heart attack.

text: Eliminate line breaks

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was a schoolmaster at Elmfield College, Woodbridge School and The Leys School. He is the inspiration behind the character Mr. Chips in the book Goodbye, Mr. Chips. Balgarnie has dealings with three universities and had two Masters Degree from London and Cambridge. He also translated a couple of classics from Sophocles, Euripides, and others. Balgarnie died at Porthmadog, Wales, after a heart attack.

answer: William Balgarnie was a schoolmaster who inspired the character Mr. Chips in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips." He was born in Woolwich, taught at both Elmfield and The Leys School, and died at the age of about 71 after a heart attack.

text: Balgarnie would have been around 82 when he died

refinement: William Balgarnie was a schoolmaster who inspired the character Mr. Chips in the book "Goodbye, Mr. Chips." He was born in Woolwich, taught at both Elmfield and The Leys School, and died at the age of about 82 after a heart attack.

answer: William Henry Balgarnie was an influential schoolmaster, best known as the inspiration for the Mr. Chipps character in the book _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_. Balgarnie taught at Elmfield College before going on to teach at The Leys School for over 50 years. Alongside his academic work, Balgarnie was known for his musical recitals and ballad-singing. He died after a heart attack at the age of 72.

text: "Recitations and ballads" are mentioned as something that the "Old Elmfieldians" did together, but it is not stated as something that "Balgarnie" himself was particularly known for

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was an influential schoolmaster, best known as the inspiration for the Mr. Chipps character in the book _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_. Balgarnie taught at Elmfield College before going on to teach at The Leys School for over 50 years. He died after a heart attack at the age of 72.

answer: William Henry Balgarnie was a classical schoolmaster who was the inspiration for the main character in the book _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_. He started his career at Elmfield College and then taught for over fifty years at The Leys School in Cambridge. He was also an acclaimed translator and editor of classic works.

text: The input does not indicate he was "acclaimed" for his translations

refinement: William Henry Balgarnie was a classical schoolmaster who was the inspiration for the main character in the book _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_. He started his career at Elmfield College and then taught for over fifty years at The Leys School in Cambridge. He was also a translator and editor of classic works.


split: train

text:
“Alor?”

Nothing.

“Hello?!”

I don’t understand.

“Alor, we don’t have time for this…”

He’s just standing there, staring off into a world that doesn’t exist to us anymore.

“We can’t stay here anymore, it’s too dangerous.” I seem to say only to myself.

I make Alor move and lead him along the path into the forest, while behind us we hear the cries and screams of those long beyond saving.
“I know where we can hide. It’s not much, but it will do.” Now I’m just thinking out loud, which truthfully seems to help keep the fear and anxiety locked away. If I stop to think, I may lose my composure altogether, and then all will be lost.

We continue down the path and see the destruction all around us. I can’t fathom that just a few hours ago, Jorni and I were walking down this very same path planning our future together. This is the road where we would have taught our children how to walk. These trees were the symbols of home and the realization of years of hard work and sacrifice.

As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours.

We walked over to the cave and entered its gaping mouth and even though it was dark, I knew this place like the back of my hand. We take our first left after 32 steps, avoid the gap 41 steps after that, and then as we continue forward, we begin to see the light.

As we reach the area we’ve been coming to since we were seven years old, I let loose a sigh of relief. In the middle of a maze of tunnels and confusion hides a hidden pond with a hole in the cave the beckons sunshine to beam through, and quite possibly my favorite place on this planet. We start a fire in the pit Jorni and I have used countless times before and lay our heads down.

I think it’s safe to say sleep consumed me even before my head touched the ground.

Three Hours Later

I finally wake up from a loud splash. As I regain my clarity I realize what Alor had done.

Alor was good at a lot of things, yet swimming was not one of them. Now, he has fallen into the dark, freezing water and it’s up to me to save him yet again.

He instantly starts fighting my rescue. I use all the strength I have left to get us back to the land of the living.

He falls to the ground and I notice that stones were tied to his ankles…how did I miss that?

“What were you thinking!?” I yell.

He says nothing.

“Alor…You have to talk to me. We are in this together and we are all each other has left. If you left…I would be nothing. Look, what happened back there was horrifying and while we lost everything, we still have life. That’s what is most important.”

Silence.

However, for the first time in a very long while, I see life in him. He cracks a smile and shakes his head ever so slightly, as if to say “Welp…that wasn’t very smart, now was it?”

He gets up and begins walking, and of course I walk with him.

“All is not lost. You know that. I know that. We will get through this, we always do. The only way this ends is if we are no longer breathing. We survived. We beat the odds. Maybe others did as well. Maybe Jorni or Mother…“

Alor stop in his tracks and a single tear streams down his face.

“You know, they could be alive. Maybe they escaped? I know…I know the chances may not be that great, but we can’t just give up, can we?” I say to my ever-stoic companion.

He nods and seems to shake off some of the demons weighing him down and we continue our trek to find some other survivors, and possibly the most important of them all.

As we emerge from the belly of our cave, we are greeted by the sound of birds and the rustling of wildlife around us. For the first time in what seems like ages, life feels normal again. We push forward, putting as much distance between us and the danger that ever lurks behind us.

“We have to find Mother. I don’t think Terwal has been hit yet, and we may find the help we need. Also, since Jorni wasn’t at our cave, she may have headed that way as well.” I proclaim, yet Alor just keeps trudging along, with a renewed vigor that is resonating from deep inside him.

We travel for the next couple of days, taking camp at night, and walking all throughout the day without so much as a word. I’ve just come to expect the fact that conversation is just not in the cards at the moment.

We finally reach Terwal on the third day and find it perfectly intact. Well, except for the fact that this great town is completely empty. Aside from the hungry yelps from street dogs, no sign of human life is present.

We continue towards Mother’s house. As we arrive at the home where we learned how to survive this world, we see a note pinned to the door.

“Alor,

I hope this finds you alive. I love and miss you so much. We couldn’t stay any longer and needed to flee to the mountains. Do you remember where we took that trip when you were a child? You will find us there. Let’s sort this all out together.

P.S. Jorni is here too, and she loves you very much.

Love,

Mom”

“They are alive…” Alor says, with but a whisper.

“I am alive.”

title: A Life Worth Living (1000 Words)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What relationship do Alor and the narrator share?

answer: The narrator and Alor are friends and allies. Despite their current struggles, they remain committed to each other and their shared goal of finding their family members.

text: Alor doesn't seem very committed to the narrator or any cause considering he tried to commit suicide.

refinement: The narrator and Alor are friends and allies.

text: They are friends, but calling them allies seems unfitting.

text: Considering that the narrator doesn't feel a need to clarify whose mother she's talking about, they might be siblings.

refinement: The narrator and Alor are friends. They might be siblings as well.

answer: They are half-brothers.

text: It's possible that the narrator and Alor can be siblings. However, nothing in the story says or implies that they are half-brothers.

answer: It may be implied that Alor and the narrator were brothers.

text: Since the narrator's gender is unknown, it's more accurate to say it may be implied that they are siblings.

refinement: It may be implied that Alor and the narrator were siblings.

text: Using past tense is nonsensical since Alor isn't dead.

refinement: It may be implied that Alor and the narrator are siblings.

text: The narrator to Alor: "'All is not lost. You know that. I know that. We will get through this, we always do. The only way this ends is if we are no longer breathing. We survived. We beat the odds. Maybe others did as well. Maybe Jorni or Mother…'"

answer: The narrator and Alor share a close relationship of love and trust. The narrator leads Alor through harrowing times and survives with him as he learns to cope with the devastation around them. Despite their current difficulties, the two remain positive that their loved ones are still alive and they work diligently to find them.

text: The answer makes up details that aren't present in the story.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: It's implied that Alor and the narrator may be siblings.

answer: It would seem that Alor is the narrator's only family.

text: The answer should note that it's only implied that Alor and the narrator are siblings.

refinement: It's implied that they might be siblings. It would seem that Alor is the narrator's only family.

text: They don't know for sure if their family members are gone for sure.

refinement: It's implied that they might be siblings.

text: "Alor…You have to talk to me. We are in this together and we are all each other has left."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was it too dangerous living where they lived?

answer: Death and destruction had torn through their town and rendered the area too dangerous to live due to risk of attack, lack of food, and safety.

text: The answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator mentions seeing death and destruction around but doesn't give any more details than that.

answer: It may be implied that their house was destroyed.

text: The destruction isn't implied but stated. But, we don't know if their house was gone. The answer should be rewritten.

refinement: The narrator mentions seeing death and destruction around but doesn't give any more details than that.

text: "We continue down the path and see the destruction all around us. I can’t fathom that just a few hours ago, Jorni and I were walking down this very same path planning our future together."

answer: Unclear.

text: The answer should mention that the narrator sees death and destruction around.

refinement: Unclear. However, the narrator mentions death and destruction being around.

answer: There were dangerous people roaming the area, causing chaos and destruction. There would be no safe future living in the same place they used to call home.

text: The answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator mentions seeing death and destruction around but doesn't give any more details than that.

answer: It may be implied that their town was hit by a storm.

text: The answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator mentions seeing death and destruction around but doesn't give any more details than that.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where do the two go to hide?

answer: A cave in the forest.

text: In the forest: "I make Alor move and lead him along the path into the forest, while behind us we hear the cries and screams of those long beyond saving."

text: Cave: "About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

answer: The two characters go to a cave near a lake to hide. The cave has a hidden pond within it with a hole in the cave that allows sunshine to beam through. The two use the cave as a base while they search for survivors and find Jorni and Mother.

text: The activities mentioned after getting into the cave are made up.

refinement: The two characters go to a cave near a lake to hide. The cave has a hidden pond within it with a hole in the cave that allows sunshine to beam through.

text: The description of the cave is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: The two characters go to a cave near a lake to hide.

text: Cave by the lake: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

answer: In a distant cave that they frequent as kids after being forced to leave their village to hide from danger

text: The location of the cave can be more specific.

refinement: In a cave by the lake in the forest that they frequent as kids after being forced to leave their village to hide from danger

text: They used to frequent the cave as kids.

refinement: In a cave by the lake in the forest that they used to frequent as kids after being forced to leave their village to hide from danger

text: The reason for their escape to the cave is irrelevant.

refinement: In a cave by the lake in the forest that they used to frequent as kids.

text: Cave by the lake: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

answer: The two go to a hidden cave by a lake to hide from the chaos and destruction caused by the apocalypse. They find a new safe place in an old cave by the lake. Their old safe place has been completely destroyed, but they are able to find a new safe haven by the lake. This is where they go to hide from the apocalyptic devastation.

text: The answer makes up details. It would've been enough to just state that they hide in a cave by the lake.

refinement: The two go to a hidden cave by a lake to hide.

text: Cave by the lake: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

answer: The two of them go into a cave they've known since they were kids.

text: The cave's location can be more specific.

refinement: The two of them go into a cave by the lake in the forest they've known since they were kids.

text: Cave by the lake: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Jorni?

answer: Jorni is their little sister.

text: There's nothing in the story that would imply Jorni is their sister.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator mentions talking with Jorni about their future and kids. Jorni must be the narrator's significant other.

answer: An acquaintance.

text: The answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator mentions talking with Jorni about their future and kids. Jorni must be the narrator's significant other.

answer: Jorni is one of the people the protagonist is looking for who is mentioned in the passage. Jorni is Alor's fiance.

text: The narrator talks about a future with Jorni involving their kids. They are significant others. Thus, Jorni isn't Alor's fiancé.

refinement: Jorni is one of the people the protagonist is looking for who is mentioned in the passage. Jorni seems to be the narrator's significant other.

text: Seeking Jorni: "Also, since Jorni wasn’t at our cave, she may have headed that way as well."

answer: Jorni was a close friend of the protagonist and her would-be girlfriend. She disappeared along with the rest of the town, but the protagonist and Alor eventually learn that she headed to the mountains with their mother.

text: We don't know anyone's gender, so it's more accurate to say Jorni is the narrator's SO. Mentioning their friendship is confusing in this context.

refinement: Jorni is the narrator's SO. She disappeared along with the rest of the town, but the protagonist and Alor eventually learn that she headed to the mountains with their mother.

text: Jorni's disappearance and eventual discovery are irrelevant to the question.

text: The narrator mentions talking with Jorni about their future and kids. Jorni must be the narrator's significant other.

answer: Jorni is the man's fiancee, who appears to have either survived the calamity, or possibly have been nowhere near it (born and raised by the ocean).

text: Jorni seems to be the narrator's SO, maybe even fiancée.

refinement: Jorni is the narrator's fiancee or SO, who appears to have either survived the calamity, or possibly have been nowhere near it (born and raised by the ocean).

text: There are made-up details in the answer, about Jorni being raised by the ocean, etc.

refinement: Jorni is the narrator's fiancee or SO, who appears to have either survived the calamity, or possibly have been nowhere near it.

text: Jorni's circumstances in the calamity are irrelevant to the question.

text: The narrator mentions talking with Jorni about their future and kids. Jorni must be the narrator's significant other.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator, Alor, and Jorni intend to make a home in a cave and start a family. Three hours after collapsing in the cave, Alor charges at the waters of the freezing lake. When the narrator fails to bring him back to the surface, Alor sacrifices himself so that the narrator may live. The narrator's mother writes this article, backtracking on her son's life story from when he was young to their exploits at the moment. The narrator is reunited with Alor's mother and Jorni at the time of writing this article.

text: The summary is entirely made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator and a silent Alor make their way to a cave in the forest through the death and destruction around them, no one alive other than them. The narrator reminisces about Jorni and the kids they hoped to have, eventually relaxing in the cave they used to frequent as kids. After a few hours of sleep, Alor's splashing sound wakes the narrator, who barely manages to bring Alor back from the water, noticing the stones tied to his ankles. The narrator manages to convince Alor to go on, and they reach the city where they hope to find their Mother and Jorni. There's a note on their mother's door, addressing Alor, saying she and Jorni are in the mountains and tells him to find them there; having seen it, Alor's spirit is revitalized.

answer:
The narrator tells Alor that they need to leave the town, they wouldn't be safe there. They go to a cave in the forest that they'd been going to since kids.

Hours later they make way to Terwal wondering if Mother and Jorni would be alive. They reach the house and find a note addressed to Alor saying mother and Jorni are safe and in the mountains. Alor whispers- "They're alive."

text: It takes three days for the duo to go to Terwal.

refinement:
The narrator tells Alor that they need to leave the town, they wouldn't be safe there. They go to a cave in the forest that they'd been going to since kids.

Three days later, they make way to Terwal wondering if Mother and Jorni would be alive. They reach the house and find a note addressed to Alor saying mother and Jorni are safe and in the mountains. Alor whispers- "They're alive."

text: It's more important to mention Alor's suicide attempt than his whispering at the end.

refinement:
The narrator tells Alor that they need to leave the town, they wouldn't be safe there. They go to a cave in the forest that they'd been going to since kids. The narrator is woken from sleep by Alor's suicide attempt in the lake, but they manage to convince him to go on until they can verify whether their mother and Jorni are alive.

Three days later, they make way to Terwal wondering if Mother and Jorni would be alive. They reach the house and find a note addressed to Alor saying mother and Jorni are safe and in the mountains.

text: Narrator to Alor: "We can’t stay here anymore, it’s too dangerous."

text: Cave in the forest: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

text: Terwal: "We finally reach Terwal on the third day"

text:
Mother's note: We continue towards Mother’s house. As we arrive at the home where we learned how to survive this world, we see a note pinned to the door.

“Alor,

I hope this finds you alive. I love and miss you so much. We couldn’t stay any longer and needed to flee to the mountains. Do you remember where we took that trip when you were a child? You will find us there. Let’s sort this all out together.

P.S. Jorni is here too, and she loves you very much.

Love,

Mom”

answer: A narrator helps a man called Alor through the steps of their journey. Their village was attacked by foot soldiers and was shot up. They find their way to a cave, and as they get into the cave, Alor falls in a watery hole and is saved by the narrator, who happens to notice something tied to Alor's feet. This was a sign that he had suicidal thoughts. They see a sign on their village. As they continue walking, they find Jorni and her mother, who survived the attack.

text: Most of the summary is made up.

text: There's no summary.

refinement: The narrator and a silent Alor make their way to a cave in the forest through the death and destruction around them, no one alive other than them. The narrator reminisces about Jorni and the kids they hoped to have, eventually relaxing in the cave they used to frequent as kids. After a few hours of sleep, Alor's splashing sound wakes the narrator, who barely manages to bring Alor back from the water, noticing the stones tied to his ankles. The narrator manages to convince Alor to go on, and they reach the city where they hope to find their Mother and Jorni. There's a note on their mother's door, addressing Alor, saying she and Jorni are in the mountains and tells him to find them there; having seen it, Alor's spirit is revitalized.

text: Stones at Alor's ankles: "He falls to the ground and I notice that stones were tied to his ankles"

text: Cave in the forest: "As we reach a clearing by a lake, I see the plot of land that would have been our future. About a hundred yards to the side was a cave, surrounded by the many colors of autumn, and I felt at ease for the first time in hours."

answer: The narrator is guiding Alor through a ravaged town and notes the emptiness around them. Alor falls into the water and the narrator is forced to dive in and rescue him. They finally arrive at their childhood home, where they find a note from their mother saying that she has fled to the mountains to hide. Along the way they learn that Jorni is also alive and reach the realization that all is not lost.

text: Alor doesn't fall into the water. He tries to commit suicide while they were resting in the cave.

refinement: The narrator is guiding Alor through a ravaged town and notes the emptiness around them. The narrator is forced to dive in and rescue Alor, having awoken by his splashes while they rest in a nearby cave. The narrator notices the stones at Alor's ankles and manages to convince him to go on until they can verify the fate of their mother and Jorni. They finally arrive at their childhood home, where they find a note from their mother saying that she has fled to the mountains to hide. Along the way they learn that Jorni is also alive and reach the realization that all is not lost.

text: Missing comma after "Along the way"

refinement: The narrator is guiding Alor through a ravaged town and notes the emptiness around them. The narrator is forced to dive in and rescue Alor, having awoken by his splashes while they rest in a nearby cave. The narrator notices the stones at Alor's ankles and manages to convince him to go on until they can verify the fate of their mother and Jorni. They finally arrive at their childhood home, where they find a note from their mother saying that she has fled to the mountains to hide. Along the way, they learn that Jorni is also alive and reach the realization that all is not lost.

text: Ravaged: "We continue down the path and see the destruction all around us."

text: Mom's house and the note: "We continue towards Mother’s house. As we arrive at the home where we learned how to survive this world, we see a note pinned to the door."

answer: A man, Alor, has survived the aftermath of a catastrophic event in the town of Jorni. Alor is lost and afraid, until he and the man's companion find a note that leads them to hope that their loved ones may still be alive. They follow the clues to the mountains, searching for their family and hoping to find some answers. While things are still dangerous, Alor starts to feel more alive than he has in a very long time.

text: Most of the answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The narrator and a silent Alor make their way to a cave in the forest through the death and destruction around them, no one alive other than them. The narrator reminisces about Jorni and the kids they hoped to have, eventually relaxing in the cave they used to frequent as kids. After a few hours of sleep, Alor's splashing sound wakes the narrator, who barely manages to bring Alor back from the water, noticing the stones tied to his ankles. The narrator manages to convince Alor to go on, and they reach the city where they hope to find their Mother and Jorni. There's a note on their mother's door, addressing Alor, saying she and Jorni are in the mountains and tells him to find them there; having seen it, Alor's spirit is revitalized.


text:
[Mother breastfeeding baby]

Taboo: Women who bottle fed their babies should not worry that they are doing anything wrong

Breast milk is no better for a baby than formula, an expert claimed last night as he reignited the 'breast is best' debate.

Professor Sven Carlsen said breast-fed babies were slightly healthier, but it was not the milk that made the difference.

Instead, babies who are breast-fed have benefited from better conditions in the womb before birth.

The professor, an expert in the hormonal changes of pregnancy, claimed: 'Baby formula is as good as breast milk.'

The bold statement will enrage the 'breast is best' lobby, who say a mother's milk wards off a host of ills. It will also confuse mothers who are under pressure from the Department of Health to feed their babies on breast milk alone for the first six months of life.

NHS leaflets tell mothers that breast-feeding exclusively for the first six months will help protect their baby against obesity, eczema and ear, chest and tummy bugs.

Avoiding formula, they are told, will cut the odds of a child being a fussy eater in later life, as well as cut the woman's odds of some cancers and help with weight loss.

But Professor Carlsen, from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, spoke out after carrying out a review of more than 50 studies into the relationship between health and breast-feeding.

Most concluded that the longer a child is nursed, the healthier it will be. The professor said this may be the case, but it was because of a healthier pregnancy, not the breast milk. His research shows that high levels of the male sex hormone testosterone in the womb affect a woman's ability to produce milk and to breast-feed.

With testosterone levels affected by the health of the placenta, which ferries oxygen and nutrients to the baby, the professor believes high amounts indicate poorer conditions in the womb overall.

This means that any differences in the health of a baby bottle-fed because its mother finds breastfeeding difficult are set before birth, rather than afterwards.

But Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health spokesman Charlotte Wright said the claims were 'irresponsible and overblown'.

She said: 'Women should remember that we were not designed to be bottle-fed - formula is an artificial alternative.'

Clare Byam-Cook, a former midwife who has taught celebrities such as Kate Winslet and Natasha Kaplinsky how to feed their babies, said breast-feeding was not suitable for all.

She said: 'How a mother looks after herself and her growing baby in pregnancy is the most important thing that she can do.

'Once the baby is out, of course I would advocate breastfeeding. But if the mother can't do it she shouldn't pursue it too much and she certainly shouldn't feel guilty.'

question: What is the relationship between health and breast feeding?

answer: Breast fed babies are slightly healthier.

text: The article is a debate of these views

refinement: Some claim breast fed babies are slightly healthier,  while others say the relationship between health and breast feeding is that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula.

answer: The longer a child is nursed, the healthier it will be.

text: The article claims more than this

refinement: The longer a child is nursed, the healthier it will be. However, according to the article, some claim breast fed babies are slightly healthier,  while others say the relationship between health and breast feeding is that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula.

answer: The relationship between health and breast feeding is that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula, an expert claimed last night as he reignited the 'breast is best' debate.

text: Remove "an expert claimed"

refinement: The relationship between health and breast feeding is that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula.

text: Debate of these views

refinement: Some claim breast fed babies are slightly healthier,  while others say the relationship between health and breast feeding is that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula.

answer: According to the passage, there is no definitive relationship between health and breast feeding. Some studies have found that breast-fed babies are healthier, but it is not because of the breast milk itself, but because of the conditions in the womb before birth. Other experts say that breast-feeding is not suitable for all mothers, and that the most important thing is the mother's health and care during pregnancy.

text: Some dispute this

refinement: According to the passage, some claim there is no definitive relationship between health and breast feeding. Some studies have found that breast-fed babies are healthier, but it is not because of the breast milk itself, but because of the conditions in the womb before birth. Other experts say that breast-feeding is preferable, although not suitable for all mothers.

question: What does Professor Carlsen feel is a better indicator of the health of the baby?

answer: The health of the placenta.

answer: According to the passage, Professor Carlsen believes that the health of the baby is more closely related to the health of the mother during pregnancy than to whether or not the baby is breastfed.

answer: The health of the baby is determined by the health of the placenta, not the breast milk.

answer: He states that breast fed babies are healthier because of a healthier pregnancy due to better conditions in the womb.

question: Does the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health agree with Professor Carlsen?

answer: Based on the quote from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health spokesman, it seems that they do not agree with Professor Carlsen's claims. They say that formula is an "artificial alternative" and that breastfeeding is "suitable for all" mothers.

answer: No, they do not.

answer: The spokesman said the claims were irresponsible and overblown.

answer: The Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health does not agree with Professor Carlsen.

question: What is Clare Byam-Cook's opinion on Professor Carlsen's insights?

answer: According to Clare Byam-Cook, Professor Carlsen's insights are not accurate, and mothers should not feel guilty if they cannot breastfeed their babies.

answer: Clare Byam-Cook believes that breastfeeding is not suitable for all mothers.

answer: She says that a mother's health during pregnancy is the most important thing she can do for her baby.

answer: She said that it is most important to look after the growing baby and the mother during pregnancy. Once the baby is out, she would advocate breast feeding unless the mother cannot pursue it.

question: How did Professor Carlsen come to his conclusion?

answer: He reviewed more than 50 studies into the relationship between health and breast-feeding.

answer: He carried out a review of 50 studies into the relationship between health and breast feeding.

answer: According to the passage, Professor Carlsen came to his conclusion after reviewing more than 50 studies into the relationship between health and breast-feeding. He found that the health benefits of breast-feeding are not due to the breast milk itself, but rather to the conditions in the womb before birth.

answer: Professor Carlsen came to his conclusion by reviewing more than 50 studies into the relationship between health and breast-feeding.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Professor Carlsen upset the breast feeding community by asserting that it is not breast milk that makes babies healthier, but rather conditions in the womb. His statements have been refuted as overblown and irresponsible.

answer: According to an expert, breast milk is not necessarily better for babies than formula, as it is the conditions in the womb before birth that have the biggest impact on a baby's health. Some experts say that breastfeeding is the best option, but others say that it is not suitable for everyone.

answer: The article discusses the benefits of breastfeeding and the claims of Professor Sven Carlsen that breast milk is no better for a baby than formula.

answer: The article discusses the benefits of breast-feeding and the claims of Professor Carlsen that breast-fed babies are healthier because of better conditions in the womb before birth. The article also discusses the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health's response to the claims.


text:
[traffic camera]
trekandshoot / Dreamstime
Chicago's use of red light cameras to shake every possible cent out of its citizens took a hit this week. The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement to end a class action suit by people who say they hadn't been given adequate notice of violations to respond to them.

The _Chicago Tribune_ reports that as many as 1.2 million people may get refunded half of what they paid to the city.

The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty, as the regulations required. The suit also says the city was doubling the fines for late payments before it was supposed to.

The city's response to the complaint was pretty telling: It changed the ordinance so that the city didn't have to send a second notice at all. Then, to cover their asses, Chicago lawmakers passed an ordinance giving those who had gotten tickets prior to 2015 permission to challenge them. The city took in nearly $300 million from traffic camera citations in 2015; they didn't want to give up that money without a fight.

This suit was rather limited, considering the many, many problems Chicago has had with its red light and speed camera systems. The _Tribune_ has been on top of these problems:

  Zolna's suit was among half a dozen cases that followed a Chicago Tribune investigation of corruption and mismanagement within the city's $600 million red light program. The series exposed a $2 million City Hall bribery scheme that brought the traffic cameras to Chicago as well as tens of thousands of tickets that were unfairly issued to drivers.

  The investigation found malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement and millions of dollars in tickets issued purposely by City Hall even after transportation officials knew that yellow light times were dropping below the federal minimum guidelines.

  Throughout the scandal, the Emanuel administration has been reluctant to issue refunds, in some cases forcing drivers to file paperwork and apply for a rehearing process some critics have called onerous.

A former city official has even gone to prison for bribery over the implementation of the system. $10 million of the money that will pay for the settlement will come from the cash the city itself will get from the private red light camera company Redflex, in a completely different settlement over the bribery scandal.

The _Tribune_ previously researched what the cameras actually accomplished for drivers. The safety results turned out to be terrible. The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes, and many of the cameras had been implemented in intersections with no notable history of problems with collisions.

Chicago's implementation of red light cameras makes it abundantly clear—if it's not already—that the purpose of these programs is not public safety but raising money for the city by sucking it out of the pockets of its citizens.

Or at least the citizens it has left. The Chicago area has been bleeding population for the past two years, losing more residents than any other major city in the country.

question: Why is Chicago being sued for the red-light tickets?

answer: Chicago is being sued because its red-light camera system is believed to violate regulations and raise money unfairly from citizens. Additionally, the cameras seem to have little impact on actual safety.

text: The cameras had a detrimental effect on safety.

refinement: Chicago is being sued because its red-light camera system is believed to violate regulations and raise money unfairly from citizens. Additionally, the cameras seem to have decreased actual safety.

text: The cameras' effect on safety isn't a part of the lawsuit.

refinement: Chicago is being sued because its red-light camera system is believed to violate regulations and raise money unfairly from citizens.

text: Proof for violating regulations: "millions of dollars in tickets issued purposely by City Hall even after transportation officials knew that yellow light times were dropping below the federal minimum guidelines."

text: Proof of unfairness: "The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty, as the regulations required."

answer: The issuance of those tickets violated multiple regulation rules.

text: There was only one regulation violated in the issuing of tickets. It was about second notices before declaring guilt.

refinement: The issuance of those tickets violated the regulation about sending a second notice before declaring guilt.

text: Another part of the lawsuit is that the city was doubling fines before it was supposed to.

refinement: The issuance of those tickets violated the regulation about sending a second notice before declaring guilt. Chicago was also doubling fines before they were supposed to.

text: There was a violated regulation about second notices.

answer: Chicago is being sued for illegally issuing red-light tickets, including demanding payment even after people had missed the deadline to respond to the initial citations. This class-action suit is motivated by the city's greed, as it has collected millions of dollars in revenue from traffic cameras, often to the detriment of drivers. This is part of a larger issue as the city is also losing population, suggesting residents are struggling economically.

text: The city isn't sued for illegal tickets. Rather, the lawsuit is about violating the second notice regulation and unfair doubling of fines.

refinement: Chicago is being sued for not sending a second notice for red-light tickets and doubling of fines before they are supposed to while demanding payment even after people had missed the deadline to respond to the initial citations. This class-action suit is motivated by the city's greed, as it has collected millions of dollars in revenue from traffic cameras, often to the detriment of drivers. This is part of a larger issue as the city is also losing population, suggesting residents are struggling economically.

text: Demanding payment after missed deadlines is normal. Raising that as an issue is nonsensical. It's also not a relevant piece of information.

refinement: Chicago is being sued for not sending a second notice for red-light tickets and doubling of fines before they are supposed to. This class-action suit is motivated by the city's greed, as it has collected millions of dollars in revenue from traffic cameras, often to the detriment of drivers. This is part of a larger issue as the city is also losing population, suggesting residents are struggling economically.

text: The class-action suit isn't motivated by the city's greed, it's issued against the city's greed.

refinement: Chicago is being sued for not sending a second notice for red-light tickets and doubling of fines before they are supposed to. This class-action suit is motivated against the city's greed, as it has collected millions of dollars in revenue from traffic cameras, often to the detriment of drivers. This is part of a larger issue as the city is also losing population, suggesting residents are struggling economically.

text: There's no evidence that the lawsuit is part of a larger issue of population loss, nor economic struggles causing the loss.

refinement: Chicago is being sued for not sending a second notice for red-light tickets and doubling of fines before they are supposed to. This class-action suit is motivated against the city's greed, as it has collected millions of dollars in revenue from traffic cameras, often to the detriment of drivers.

question: What is Zolna's suit?

answer: Zolna's suit is a class action suit against the city of Chicago for their allegedly unfair implementation of red-light cameras.

text: The reason for the suit is red light tickets followed by unfair litigation, not the unfairness of the camera implementation.

refinement: Zolna's suit is a class action suit against the city of Chicago for their allegedly unfair litigation after issuing tickets corroborated by the red-light cameras.

answer: Zolna's suit is a class action suit against the city of Chicago for allegedly failing to provide adequate notice in red light camera violations and also for allegedly unfairly raising the fines when people fail to pay on time.

text: The raising of fines was problematic because it happened before it should've

refinement: Zolna's suit is a class action suit against the city of Chicago for allegedly failing to provide adequate notice in red light camera violations and also for allegedly unfairly raising the fines when people fail to pay on time earlier than they are supposed to.

text: Proof for the lack of adequate notice: "The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty"

text: Proof of raising fines: "The suit also says the city was doubling the fines for late payments before it was supposed to."

answer: Zolna's suit was among half a dozen cases that followed a Chicago Tribune investigation of corruption and mismanagement within the city's $600 million red light program.

text: Zolna's suit is about the lack of adequate notice for red-light violations and doubling of late fines earlier than required.

refinement: Zolna's suit is about the lack of adequate notice for red-light violations and doubling of late fines earlier than required. Zolna's suit was among half a dozen cases that followed a Chicago Tribune investigation of corruption and mismanagement within the city's $600 million red light program.

text: The information about Chicago Tribune information and the subsequent suits isn't a relevant piece of information for this question.

refinement: Zolna's suit is about the lack of adequate notice for red-light violations and doubling of late fines earlier than required.

question: What did the investigation find?

answer: The safety results turned out to be terrible. The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes, and many of the cameras had been implemented in intersections with no notable history of problems with collisions.

text: The investigation also found two cases of bribery.

refinement: The safety results turned out to be terrible. The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes, and many of the cameras had been implemented in intersections with no notable history of problems with collisions. The investigation also found two cases of bribery.

text: In general, the investigation uncovered malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement, and millions of tickets issued with full knowledge that the yellow light times were below federal regulations.

refinement: The safety results turned out to be terrible. The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes, and many of the cameras had been implemented in intersections with no notable history of problems with collisions. The investigation also found two cases of bribery. In general, the investigation uncovered malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement, and millions of tickets issued with full knowledge that the yellow light times were below federal regulations.

answer: The investigation into Chicago's red light camera system found a number of problems, including bribery, faulty technology, and unfair tickets being issued.

text: The investigation also uncovered inconsistent enforcement and tickets issued despite the officials' knowledge that the yellow light wait times are below federal minimums.

refinement: The investigation into Chicago's red light camera system found a number of problems, including bribery, faulty technology, and unfair tickets being issued. The investigation also uncovered inconsistent enforcement and tickets issued despite the officials' knowledge that the yellow light wait times are below federal minimums.

text: The investigation found that the camera system increased rear-end crashes by 22%.

refinement: The investigation into Chicago's red light camera system found a number of problems, including bribery, faulty technology, and unfair tickets being issued. The investigation also uncovered inconsistent enforcement and tickets issued despite the officials' knowledge that the yellow light wait times are below federal minimums. Finally, the investigation found that the camera system increased rear-end crashes by 22%.

text: Red-light is misspelled.

refinement: The investigation into Chicago's red-light camera system found a number of problems, including bribery, faulty technology, and unfair tickets being issued. The investigation also uncovered inconsistent enforcement and tickets issued despite the officials' knowledge that the yellow light wait times are below federal minimums. Finally, the investigation found that the camera system increased rear-end crashes by 22%.

text: Proof of bribery: "The series exposed a $2 million City Hall bribery scheme"

text: Proof of faulty technology: "The investigation found malfunctioning cameras"

text: Proof of unfair tickets: "millions of dollars in tickets issued purposely by City Hall even after transportation officials knew that yellow light times were dropping below the federal minimum guidelines."

answer: The investigation found widespread corruption and mishandling in the city's red light camera system, resulting in unfairly issued tickets and higher rates of collisions.

text: Proof 1 of widespread corruption: "The series exposed a $2 million City Hall bribery scheme"

text: Proof 2 of widespread corruption: "A former city official has even gone to prison for bribery over the implementation of the system."

text: Proof of mishandling: "millions of dollars in tickets issued purposely by City Hall even after transportation officials knew that yellow light times were dropping below the federal minimum guidelines."

text: Proof of higher collision rates: "The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes"

question: Who was the former city official that had gone to prison for bribery?

answer: The document doesn't identify this person.

text: Proof for lack of identification: "A former city official has even gone to prison for bribery over the implementation of the system."

answer: Information can't be found.

text: It's slightly misleading phrasing to say information can't be found. The article doesn't specify the person.

answer: This information can't be found.

text: It's slightly misleading phrasing to say information can't be found. The article doesn't specify the person.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Chicago has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement after being sued for collecting traffic camera fines without giving drivers adequate opportunity to respond. Many Chicagoans have found the red light and speed camera system to be problematic and their city continues to lose population as a result.

text: It's never stated that the city loses population directly because of the red-light camera scandal.

refinement: Chicago has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement after being sued for collecting traffic camera fines without giving drivers adequate opportunity to respond. Many Chicagoans have found the red light and speed camera system to be problematic.

text: Proof for settlement: "The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement"

text: Proof for lacking response opportunities: "The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty"

answer: Chicago's red light camera system has come under fire after a class action lawsuit resulted in a $38.75 million settlement with drivers who felt they had not been given adequate notice to respond to violations. The cameras generated nearly $300 million of revenue in 2015, but drawn significant negative attention due to problems with both the software and the system's overall safety record. Many drivers have begun to leave the city, which continues to struggle economically.

text: The technical issues aren't specified to be software-related. The investigation just found "malfunctioning cameras".

refinement: Chicago's red light camera system has come under fire after a class action lawsuit resulted in a $38.75 million settlement with drivers who felt they had not been given adequate notice to respond to violations. The cameras generated nearly $300 million of revenue in 2015, but drawn significant negative attention due to problems with both the malfunctioning cameras and the system's overall safety record. Many drivers have begun to leave the city, which continues to struggle economically.

text: The details about the people leaving aren't correct. There's an exodus for the last two years, and not everyone is a driver.

refinement: Chicago's red light camera system has come under fire after a class action lawsuit resulted in a $38.75 million settlement with drivers who felt they had not been given adequate notice to respond to violations. The cameras generated nearly $300 million of revenue in 2015, but drawn significant negative attention due to problems with both the malfunctioning cameras and the system's overall safety record. Many people have been leaving the city for the past two years, which continues to struggle economically.

text: The city isn't mentioned to be struggling economically.

refinement: Chicago's red light camera system has come under fire after a class action lawsuit resulted in a $38.75 million settlement with drivers who felt they had not been given adequate notice to respond to violations. The cameras generated nearly $300 million of revenue in 2015, but drawn significant negative attention due to problems with both the malfunctioning cameras and the system's overall safety record. Many people have been leaving the city for the past two years.

text: Minor grammar mistakes.

refinement: Chicago's red-light camera system has come under fire after a class-action lawsuit resulted in a $38.75 million settlement with drivers who felt they had not been given adequate notice to respond to violations. The cameras generated nearly $300 million of revenue in 2015 but drawn significant negative attention due to problems with both the malfunctioning cameras and the system's overall safety record. Many people have been leaving the city for the past two years.

text: Proof for settlement: "The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement"

text: Proof for lacking response opportunities: "The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty"

text: Proof of 2015 revenue: "The city took in nearly $300 million from traffic camera citations in 2015"

text: Proof of problems with the safety record: "The city actually saw a 22 percent increase in rear-end crashes"

answer: Chicago's program of using traffic cameras for revenue rather than safety has cost the city taxpayers nearly $40 million, with more likely to come. With the city already losing residents and businesses due to the high cost of living and stringent regulation, many citizens and businesses are beginning to abandon Chicago altogether.

text: The cost to the taxpayers isn't given a full figure, and it's far in excess of hundreds of millions of dollars. The city took almost $300M in 2015 alone.

refinement: Chicago's program of using traffic cameras for revenue rather than safety has cost the city taxpayers nearly $300 million in 2015 alone. With the city already losing residents and businesses due to the high cost of living and stringent regulation, many citizens and businesses are beginning to abandon Chicago altogether.

text: The investigation into the red-light camera system found bribery, malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement, violated federal guidelines, and an increase in rear-end collisions.

refinement: Chicago's program of using traffic cameras for revenue rather than safety has cost the city taxpayers nearly $300 million in 2015 alone. The investigation into the red-light camera system found bribery, malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement, violated federal guidelines, and an increase in rear-end collisions. With the city already losing residents and businesses due to the high cost of living and stringent regulation, many citizens and businesses are beginning to abandon Chicago altogether.

text: The reasons for the population exodus aren't elaborated on in the article.

refinement: Chicago's program of using traffic cameras for revenue rather than safety has cost the city taxpayers nearly $300 million in 2015 alone. The investigation into the red-light camera system found bribery, malfunctioning cameras, inconsistent enforcement, violated federal guidelines, and an increase in rear-end collisions. The city has been losing people over the last two years.

text: The city's traffic cameras are used for revenue rather than safety: "the purpose of these programs is not public safety but raising money for the city"

answer: Chicago has agreed on a $38.75 million settlement with individuals who had claimed their right to due process was violated when they received red light camera tickets. The city acknowledged not following protocol, and took in about a third of that money from another settlement with the company running the system, as well. Unfortunately, the safety benefits these cameras were supposed to provide were sorely lacking as the number of crashes actually went up in Chicago, while population continues to decline.

text: Due process violations occurred when the city didn't send second notices for red-light violations.

refinement: Chicago has agreed on a $38.75 million settlement with individuals who had claimed their right to due process was violated when they didn't receive second notices for red light camera tickets. The city acknowledged not following protocol, and took in about a third of that money from another settlement with the company running the system, as well. Unfortunately, the safety benefits these cameras were supposed to provide were sorely lacking as the number of crashes actually went up in Chicago, while population continues to decline.

text: While the city acknowledged not following the protocol through its actions, it just changed the protocol.

refinement: Chicago has agreed on a $38.75 million settlement with individuals who had claimed their right to due process was violated when they didn't receive second notices for red light camera tickets. The city acknowledged not following protocol when it tried to change them. The city took in about a third of that money from another settlement with the company running the system, as well. Unfortunately, the safety benefits these cameras were supposed to provide were sorely lacking as the number of crashes actually went up in Chicago, while population continues to decline.

text: The "third of the money" part isn't related to the lawsuit in the article.

refinement: Chicago has agreed on a $38.75 million settlement with individuals who had claimed their right to due process was violated when they didn't receive second notices for red light camera tickets. The city acknowledged not following protocol when it tried to change them. Unfortunately, the safety benefits these cameras were supposed to provide were sorely lacking as the number of crashes actually went up in Chicago, while population continues to decline.

text: The part "... while population continues to decline," implies that the population is declining due to traffic crashes.

refinement: Chicago has agreed on a $38.75 million settlement with individuals who had claimed their right to due process was violated when they didn't receive second notices for red light camera tickets. The city acknowledged not following protocol when it tried to change them. Unfortunately, the safety benefits these cameras were supposed to provide were sorely lacking as the number of crashes actually went up in Chicago.

text: Proof for settlement: "The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement"

text: Violated due process: "The plaintiffs contend that the city didn't send second notices to people who had gotten red light tickets before declaring them guilty"

answer: Chicago's red light camera system, which was set up supposedly for public safety, is instead designed to generate revenue for the cash-strapped city. With residents fleeing the city, the program is coming to a head as citizens protest their unfair tickets and hefty fines. The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement, though that is just the tip of the iceberg with the system rife with bribery scandals and poor safety outcomes.

text: The city isn't said to be cash-strapped

refinement: Chicago's red light camera system, which was set up supposedly for public safety, is instead designed to generate revenue for the city. With residents fleeing the city, the program is coming to a head as citizens protest their unfair tickets and hefty fines. The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement, though that is just the tip of the iceberg with the system rife with bribery scandals and poor safety outcomes.

text: It's misleading to say "With residents fleeing the city, the program is coming to a head" since the exodus isn't directly motivated by the red light cameras.

refinement: Chicago's red light camera system, which was set up supposedly for public safety, is instead designed to generate revenue for the city. The program is coming to a head as citizens protest their unfair tickets and hefty fines. The city, which has been losing population, has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement, though that is just the tip of the iceberg with the system rife with bribery scandals and poor safety outcomes.

text: Red-light is misspelled

refinement: Chicago's red-light camera system, which was set up supposedly for public safety, is instead designed to generate revenue for the city. The program is coming to a head as citizens protest their unfair tickets and hefty fines. The city, which has been losing population, has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement, though that is just the tip of the iceberg with the system rife with bribery scandals and poor safety outcomes.

text: Proof for settlement: "The city has agreed to a $38.75 million settlement"

text: The city's traffic cameras are used for revenue rather than safety: "the purpose of these programs is not public safety but raising money for the city"

text: Population exodus: "The Chicago area has been bleeding population for the past two years"

text: Proof for "tip of the iceberg": "Zolna's suit was among half a dozen cases that followed a Chicago Tribune investigation of corruption and mismanagement within the city's $600 million red light program."

answer: At the time of the article, Chicago was being sued for its red-light camera ticket issuance. Tickets were being issued despite it not following protocol and regulations, and then to solve the problem, Chicago passed an ordinance allowing them to break those regulations. The writer makes it clear that Chicago's purpose behind the implementation of red light cameras is to raise money for the city.

text: The reason for the suit was lack of proper notice and inappropriate doubling of fines.

refinement: At the time of the article, Chicago was being sued for its lack of second notices for red-light camera ticket issuance and inappropriate doubling of fines. Tickets were being issued despite it not following protocol and regulations, and then to solve the problem, Chicago passed an ordinance allowing them to break those regulations. The writer makes it clear that Chicago's purpose behind the implementation of red light cameras is to raise money for the city.

text: The issued tickets were mostly legal. The changes in ordinances were to legalize the lack of second notices.

refinement: At the time of the article, Chicago was being sued for its lack of second notices for red-light camera ticket issuance and inappropriate doubling of fines. To solve the problem, Chicago passed an ordinance allowing them not to send second notices. The writer makes it clear that Chicago's purpose behind the implementation of red light cameras is to raise money for the city.

text: The program caused an increase in collisions.

refinement: At the time of the article, Chicago was being sued for its lack of second notices for red-light camera ticket issuance and inappropriate doubling of fines. To solve the problem, Chicago passed an ordinance allowing them not to send second notices. The writer makes it clear that Chicago's purpose behind the implementation of red light cameras is to raise money for the city, and that the system caused an increase in rear-end collisions.

text: "Raise money for the city": "the purpose of these programs is not public safety but raising money for the city"


text:
The 2006 FAMILY CIRCLE CUP was the 34th edition of the Family Circle Cup women's tennis tournament. This WTA Tier I Event was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States and played on outdoor clay courts. Nadia Petrova won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

Nadia Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder, 6–3, 4–6, 6–1

Doubles

Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur defeated Virginia Ruano Pascual / Meghann Shaughnessy, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1

title: 2006 Family Circle Cup

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the Family Circle Cup?

answer: The Family Circle Cup is a WTA Tier I Event that is held in the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

text: Tell us what WTA means

refinement: The Family Circle Cup is a women's tennis WTA Tier I Event that is held in the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

answer: The Family Circle Cup is a women's tennis tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina on outdoor clay courts.

answer: It is a WTA Tier I Event women's tennis tournament held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina.

answer: It is a WTA Tier 1 Event featuring women's tennis

answer: The Family Circle Cup is a women's tennis tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina. It is an outdoor clay court event. Nadia Petrova won the singles title.

text: Nadia is unecessary

refinement: The Family Circle Cup is a women's tennis tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina. It is an outdoor clay court event.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What edition was the 2006 Family Circle Cup women's tennis tournament?

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was the 34th edition of the tournament.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup tournament was the 34th edition.

answer: The 34th edition.

answer: The 34th

answer: The 34th

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to the winners of the tournament in both singles and doubles tennis.

answer: Nadia Petrova won the singles title, while Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur won the doubles title. Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder in the finals. Raymond and Stosur defeated Virginia Ruano Pascual and Meghann Shaughnessy in the finals of doubles.

answer: Nadia Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder in singles competition, 6–3, 4–6, 6–1, while Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur defeated Virginia Ruano Pascual / Meghann Shaughnessy, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1 to win the doubles title.

answer: Nadia Petrova won the singles title over Patty Schnyder 6-3, 4-6, 6-1 and Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur were victorious in the doubles section.

text: Tell us who the doubles were victorious over

refinement: Nadia Petrova won the singles title over Patty Schnyder 6-3, 4-6, 6-1 and Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur were victorious over  Virginia Ruano Pascual and Meghann Shaughnessy in the doubles section.

answer: Nadia Petrova won the singles title by defeating Patty Schnyder 6-3, 4-6, 6-1. Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur won the doubles title by defeating Virginia Ruano Pascual and Meghann Shaughnessy 3-6, 6-1, 6-1.

answer: Patty Schnyder won the championship in 2006.

text: Patty Schneyder did not win the championsip

refinement: Nadia Petrova won the singles title by defeating Patty Schnyder 6-3, 4-6, 6-1. Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur won the doubles title by defeating Virginia Ruano Pascual and Meghann Shaughnessy 3-6, 6-1, 6-1.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where was the 2006 Family Circle Cup held at?

answer: The Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina.

answer: The Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States, and played on outdoor clay courts.

answer: It was held at Charleston, South Carolina, United States.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was a WTA Tier I Event held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in South Carolina. First-time winner, Nadia Petrova took the singles title, and Lisa Raymond/Samantha Stosur jointly took the doubles championship.

answer: The 2006 FAMILY CIRCLE CUP was held in Charleston, South Carolina and was won by Nadia Petrova. Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder in the singles finals and Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur in the doubles finals.

text: Tell us that the doubles finalists won

refinement: The 2006 FAMILY CIRCLE CUP was held in Charleston, South Carolina and was won by Nadia Petrova. Petrova defeated Patty Schnyder in the singles finals and Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur won the doubles finals.

answer: Family Circle Cup XXVI was hosted in South Carolina, United States. It was held at the-Katzen Bolly Mor.

text: What is the Katzen Bolly Mor, and why the hyphen. Also it was the 24th edition in 2006, so why write 26 in Roman numerals?

refinement: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was a WTA Tier I Event held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in South Carolina. First-time winner, Nadia Petrova took the singles title, and Lisa Raymond/Samantha Stosur jointly took the doubles championship.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup women's tennis tournament is a WTA Tier 1 Event held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States, and played on outdoor clay courts. Nadia Petrova won the singles title, while the tandem of Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stosur won the doubles trophy.

answer: The 2006 Family Circle Cup was held in Charleston, South Carolina. Nadia Petrova captured the singles title while Lisa Raymond and Samantha Stoseur won the doubles title.


text:
Dear Employer;

In the interview for this position I said I didn’t care about money.  Money is not as important as experience and growth.  Gainful employment is nowhere near meaningful employment.  It is with this that after a lot of deliberation, counseling, youthful abandon and reveries of adventure I’ve decided to give my formal notification that I am resigning from {Company X} as a Software Analyst.  I am willing to work two business weeks further to help make sure everything is in order before I go.

For {Company X} I was willing to drink the punch.  I was willing to make sacrifices for the company.  The tasteless metaphor for cultic suicide pushed on us by leadership was something I was willing to look past.  Ultimately though, when it came down to it, punch was not served and for some reason I was left disappointed.  This company has made promises but has not delivered.  We’ve been led along with a carrot on a stick.  Whether through indirect lies surrounding corporate bonuses, lottery sized stock options or fantastical tropical holiday packages.  This is a prevalent theme throughout my entire time with company and it speaks directly to poor leadership.  Offer something real, something tangible and then show it don’t just talk about it.

In terms of our day to day with clients we’ve been far too reactionary and not responsive.  We’re less about providing something meaningful, something with real value and more about satisfying the noise.  The whole industry seems more about “flashy marketing facades of perceived value” than real value.  It with this that I came to the conclusion that our product isn’t {business solutions}.  Our product is sales.  This isn’t something I can get behind.  This isn’t something I can believe in.

Despite corporate folly and the disillusioning mantras I love the people I work with.  Each and everyone here is awesome and I’m lucky to have had an opportunity to work here.  My favorite time of year is during peer reviews.  Being able to write extensively about the strengths and the actions people here have made on the periphery to make a difference.  That being said, it really bothered me to see people not being recognized for the work they’re doing.  At one point our most talented and innovative junior programmer was relegated to creative arrest by corporate policy.  “That isn’t your job” and “You’re not even a real programmer” could be heard ringing through the halls.  A lack of insight let him go and now we’re stuck with dead code.  Incredible potential products left to rot essentially.  All his close friends here were left damaged at his mistreatment.  This is just one example but there are lots of others.  Considering work is a place to spend a third of each weekday.  Hours afterwards musing over at home.  Something that permeates my hopes and dreams.  I’d rather be somewhere other than here.  Anywhere else in fact.

If I can suggest anything to help this company it would be that every leader here spend a day or two working with client services taking tech support calls from the elderly, doing chat support for a group of brides to be, testing a survey with over a dozen pre-launch revisions, or try managing a project with one of {Sales Person #3547}'s clients (that’s a joke.. her clients are mostly alright).  See what we’re really providing our clients.

I still believe this company is awesome and has potential to do very well in the market.  For me personally I need to move onto other opportunities and adventures.  Feeling depressed and trapped is not something I'd wish on my worst enemy so I don't know why I willed it onto myself for so long.  Thank you so much for everything.

title: My Resignation Letter

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the things the author enjoyed about his job.

answer: They loved several of his coworkers, and the time devoted to collaborating on improvements in peer performance.

text: The model already started using "they" to identify the narrator, which makes the pronoun "his" wrong. Change to "their" since the gender of the narrator wasn't really established.

refinement: They loved several of their coworkers, and the time devoted to collaborating on improvements in peer performance.

answer: The author enjoyed his coworkers and the peer reviews. He also said the work his coworkers provided him was the best part of the job.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: The author enjoyed his coworkers and the peer reviews.

answer: The author was remunerated well, although he is disappointed in not receiving promised bonuses and other incentives. The author enjoyed working with his colleagues and especially enjoyed the peer review process where he had the opportunity to write about the strengths and actions of his team members.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: The author enjoyed working with his colleagues and especially enjoyed the peer review process where he had the opportunity to write about the strengths and actions of his team members.

answer: The author enjoyed the people he worked with, peer reviews and the potential of the company. Additionally, the author was frustrated with a lack of recognition for competent employees and corporate policies that held talented people back from doing more.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: The author enjoyed the people he worked with and writing peer reviews about the strengths and actions people have made to make a difference.

answer: The author has enjoyed working with the people at {Company X}, the peer review process, and seeing people recognized for their efforts. The author was also disappointed by a number of shortcomings with regard to corporate policy, lack of trust and communication, insufficient work on important products, and general lack of vision. Ultimately, the author has decided to resign from his position at {Company X} due to these issues.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: The author has enjoyed working with the people at {Company X} and the peer-review process.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did the company fail to live up to the expectations of the author?

answer: The author feels the company made promises which were not delivered, and there was a general lack of thoughtfulness and vision. One example mentioned was their lack of response to clients.

text: Must indicate what promises were not delivered and mention that the company also had poor leadership.

refinement: The author feels the company made promises which were not delivered to employees, such as corporate bonuses, lottery-sized stock options, or fantastical tropical holiday packages. Poor leadership led to a general lack of thoughtfulness and vision. One example mentioned was their lack of response to clients.

answer: The author feels the company is not living up to the promises they've made and is failing to show real value or meaningful work. Rather than taking their products seriously and focusing on delivering quality work, the company seems to be more focused on sales and marketing. Leadership is ineffective in properly recognizing employees and the culture at the company is damaging to morale.

text: Must mention the promises the company didn't live up to.

refinement: The author feels the company is not living up to the promises they've made to the employees such as corporate bonuses, lottery-sized stock options, or fantastical tropical holiday packages. They have failed to show real value or meaningful work. Rather than taking their products seriously and focusing on delivering quality work, the company seems to be more focused on sales and marketing. Leadership is ineffective in properly recognizing employees and the culture at the company is damaging to morale.

answer: The author feels that the company has failed to deliver promise and real value and has ultimately created a toxic workplace environment. The company has been overly focused on marketing and sales rather than creating a product with real value. The author also feels that there is inadequate recognition and rewards for those who work in the organization. Ultimately, the company has not met the expectations of the author.

text: Extraneous and redundant information. Missing "s" in promise.

refinement: The author feels that the company has failed to deliver promises and real value and has ultimately created a toxic workplace environment. The company has been overly focused on marketing and sales rather than creating a product with real value. The author also feels that there is inadequate recognition and rewards for those who work in the organization.

answer: The company made promises and consistently fails to follow through by promising corporate bonuses, lottery sized stock options or fantastical tropical holiday packages, but none of it materialized. The company is very reactionary to clients and not proactive in addressing issues. The company does not recognize people for the work they do. The author also suggests that the leadership is not in touch with its clients and that it will be valuable to spend time working in client services.

text: Missing a hyphen in "lottery sized" and a comma after "stock options"

refinement: The company made promises and consistently fails to follow through by promising corporate bonuses, lottery-sized stock options, or fantastical tropical holiday packages, but none of it materialized. The company is very reactionary to clients and not proactive in addressing issues. The company does not recognize people for the work they do. The author also suggests that the leadership is not in touch with its clients and that it will be valuable to spend time working in client services.

answer: The author felt that the company is always pressing sales even if the product does not really have real value for consumers.

text: The response is missing the part where the author feels the company lied about the promises offered to employees, such as corporate bonuses, lottery-sized stock options, and fantastical tropical holiday packages. Must also add that the narrator thinks these stem from poor leadership.

refinement: The company has made promises to employees and failed to deliver, such as providing corporate bonuses, lottery-sized stock options, or fantastical tropical holiday packages. The author felt that the company is always pressing sales even if the product does not really have real value for consumers. He feels that the company's shortcomings are a reflection of poor leadership.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the author's reasoning behind this resignation letter.

answer: Because of poor leadership, the author has decided to create a better life for themselves. The author feels they are not moving forward with the company and feels they could move somewhere else to benefit them. The author feels ineffectual in their ability to provide meaningful solutions to clients and feels that sticking it out with the company will only lead to mental anguish.

text: "Because of poor leadership, the author has decided to create a better life for themselves." - this sentence doesn't make any sense and must be rewritten.

refinement: Poor leadership was one of the reasons why the author resigned from the company. The author feels they are not moving forward with the company and feels they could move somewhere else to benefit them. The author feels ineffectual in their ability to provide meaningful solutions to clients and feels that sticking it out with the company will only lead to mental anguish.

answer: The author explains that although they love their co-workers, they need to leave because the company is disillusioning and offers very few tangible rewards despite offering lots of fancy, talk-based corporate bonuses. On top of that, they do not think they will reach their career capacity by staying. The author also explains that they think that the company on the surface is good, but there is a lot of corporate folly that is souring on the company from within.

answer: The author is resigning from {Company X} because they are unhappy with the organization's focus on sales rather than meaningful service and enrichment. Additionally, they are disappointed in the lack of recognition and respect given to employees. Ultimately, the author believes they will find opportunities elsewhere that they believe in more than their current situation.

answer: After a lot of deliberation, counselling, youthful abandon and reveries of adventure, the author made the decision to move onto other opportunities and adventures. He felt trapped and depressed and wanted to change his situation. The author realized that the company's only business was sales, that they were not interested in their actual business solution they are developing. A person was let go without a real reason that had a big impact on the team.

text: "After a lot of deliberation, counselling, youthful abandon and reveries of adventure - Extraneous information that is not relevant to the summary. Change "onto" to "on to". "that they were not interested in their actual business solution they are developing." - change "they" and "their" to "it" and "the" respectively, since the company isn't a person and rewrite this whole sentence.

refinement: The author made the decision to move on to other opportunities and adventures because he felt trapped and depressed and wanted to change his situation. The author realized that the company's only business was sales, and it was not interested in the actual business solution it was developing. A person was let go without a real reason that had a big impact on the team.

answer: The author is resigning because they no longer appreciate the culture and environment at the company. They feel misled and under-appreciated both with regards to corporate promises and the overall treatment of employees. The author wishes to move onto other opportunities that are more meaningful and rewarding.


text:
NARLAPREVIR (trade name ARLANSA,[1] codenamed SCH 900518),[2] is an inhibitor of NS3/4A serine protease, intended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus) in combination with other antiviral drugs.[3][4][5]

Narlaprevir is the first Russian tableted medication for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.[6][7]

Mechanism of action

Narlaprevir is an oral NS3 serine protease inhibitor of hepatitis C virus. It inhibits viral replication in infected host cells.[8] The mechanism of inhibition involves reversible covalent binding of narlaprevir with NS3 protease active site via the ketoamide functional group.[9]

Narlaprevir does not bind to human proteases, with the exception of cathepsin B (69% inhibition). Overexpression of cathepsin B is associated with the development of malignancies.[10]

Usage

Indications

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection genotype 1 in combination with ritonavir, pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, in patients older than 18 years with compensated liver disease who are treatment-naïve or have failed dual combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. Narlaprevir cannot be used as a single agent.[11][12][13][14][15]

Contraindications

Narlaprevir has some contraindications. In particular:[16][17]

-   pregnancy or lactation
-   children up to 18 years of age
-   severe neutropenia
-   liver failure
-   prior treatment with HCV protease inhibitors
-   lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Efficacy studies

H. Reesink et al. (2009) demonstrated narlaprevir safety and antiviral activity both as a single agent and in dual combination with pegylated interferon alfa-2b.[18]

X. Tong et al. (2010) demonstrated narlaprevir activity against HCV mutations causing resistance to boceprevir and telaprevir.[19]

In the year 2016 a large-scale phase III multicenter PIONEER study was completed. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was 89% in treatment-naïve and 70% in treatment-experienced patients 24 weeks after the end of treatment in the narlaprevir group, whereas in the control group SVR was only 59.6% in treatment-naïve and 24.5% in treatment-experienced patients on dual therapy with pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. Adding narlaprevir to dual therapy with pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin did not affect narlaprevir safety profile. A phase I study of narlaprevir pharmacokinetics in combination with ritonavir in patients with compensated cirrhosis was also completed (Liver Meeting AASLD, 13–17 February 2015, San Francisco, California, USA).[20][21]

According to professor I.G. Bakulin, the head of the Department of Hepatology of the Moscow clinical research center and chief gastroenterologist of Moscow government healthcare department, the regulatory approval of narlaprevir has become a major milestone accomplished in the fight against hepatitis C in Russia.[22]

History

In 2012, the pharmaceutical group R-Pharm acquired a license to manufacture narlaprevir from the Merck & Co. (MSD).[23] Further development of the drug was conducted by R-Pharm in cooperation with Texas Liver Institute (USA), with the support of the Federal Target Program “Development of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and beyond”.[24] About 700 million rubles were invested in clinical trials and the development of the drug,[25][26] of which 120 million rubles came from the Russian Government.[27]

Preclinical and clinical studies of the drug were conducted in Schering-Plough Research Institute (USA), as well as in a number of clinical centers in Europe, USA and Russia.[28][29][30]

The drug is manufactured at a pharmaceutical factory in the Russian city of Yaroslavl.[31]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

title: Narlaprevir

question: What important role does Narlaprevir have?

answer: Narlaprevir is an important drug used for treating chronic hepatitis C.

answer: It is the first Russian tableted medication for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

answer: Narlaprevir is a medication used to treat chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus. The drug works by inhibiting the hepatitis C virus' NS3/4A serine protease.

question: For what is Naralprevir used for?

answer: Naralprevir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus.

answer: Narlaprevir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus.

answer: It is used as a treatment for chronic hepatitis C that is caused by genotype 1 virus in combination with other antiviral drugs.

question: What are some contraindications of Narlaprevir?

answer: Some contradictions include pregnancy or lactation, liver failure, severe neutropenia, and lactase deficiency.

text: Not complete

refinement: Some contradictions include severe neutropenia and significant liver problems, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, children up to 18 years of age, prior treatment with HCV protease inhibitors, and pregnancy or lactation.

answer: Narlaprevir has some contraindications. In particular: pregnancy or lactation, children up to 18 years of age, severe neutropenia, liver failure, and prior treatment with HCV protease inhibitors.

text: Not complete

refinement: Narlaprevir has some contraindications. In particular: Severe neutropenia and significant liver problems, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, children up to 18 years of age, prior treatment with HCV protease inhibitors, and pregnancy or lactation.

answer: Severe neutropenia and significant liver problems.

text: Not complete

refinement: Severe neutropenia and significant liver problems, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, children up to 18 years of age, prior treatment with HCV protease inhibitors, and pregnancy or lactation.

question: What is the view of professor I.G. Bakulin on the efficacy of Narlaprevir?

answer: Professor Bakulin says that the regulatory approval of Narlaprevir has become a major milestone accomplishment in the fight against hepatitis C in Russia.

answer: According to professor I.G. Bakulin, the head of the Department of Hepatology of the Moscow clinical research center and chief gastroenterologist of Moscow government healthcare department, the regulatory approval of the drug has become a major milestone accomplished in the fight against hepatitis C in Russia.

answer: Professor I.G. Bakulin considers Narlaprevir an achievement in the fight against hepatitis C in Russia.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the history, efficacy, contraindications, usage, and mechanism of action of Narlaprevir, an oral NS3 serine protease inhibitor of hepatitis C virus.

answer: Narlaprevir is an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug that is intended to be used in combination with other antiviral drugs in people over 18 years old with liver disease. It has an 89% success rate in treatment-naïve patients and 70% in treatment-experienced patients.

answer: Narlaprevir is an oral medication which can be used in combination with other drugs to treat chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, though it cannot be used as a single agent.

answer: Narlaprevir is an oral medication meant to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infections in combination with other antiviral drugs. In clinical trials completed in 2016, it was found to be effective in 89% of treatment-naïve and 70% of treatment-experienced patients.

answer: Narlaprevir is an antiviral drug intended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus, and is manufactured by the Russian pharmaceutical company R-Pharm. It is contraindicated for people with severe neutropenia and liver failure. Clinical trials indicate that it can successfully treat the virus, although its safety profile has not yet been fully understood.

answer: Narlaprevir is a medication used to treat chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 of the virus. Clinical trials show that it is 89% effective at eliminating the virus, in combination with other drugs.