text:
Inside Wealth

[DBGB Kitchen and Bar in CityCenterDC, where there is also an Hermès store.]

Credit...Justin T. Gellerson for The New York Times

-   May 12, 2017

Wealth in Washington is being redefined, as the region’s modest millionaires give rise to a new class of superrich.

For years, Washington and its surrounding suburbs have been among the most affluent in the country. The four highest-earning counties in the United States, as measured by median incomes, are all near D.C., according to the Census Bureau. The top three are in Virginia — Loudoun County, followed by Falls Church City (an independent city treated by the Census Bureau as a county) and Fairfax County — and No. 4 is Howard County, Md.

The region also has plenty of millionaires. Maryland, Virginia and Washington are all in the top 10 for millionaires per capita, according to Phoenix Marketing.

But there has always been a sharp distinction in D.C. culture between being wealthy and being rich. Let New York and Los Angeles have the mansion-owning, Ferrari-driving, yacht-loving billionaires. The Washington elite were content with a three-bedroom colonial, two incomes and top private schools. Its handful of billionaires were mostly local sports team owners little known outside the capital.

Yet now, the combination of the richest White House in history and a boom in government-related businesses and technology companies is transforming Washington’s affluence into opulence. There are 34 billionaires within a 25-mile radius of Washington, according to Wealth-X, an information services company that specializes in identifying the tribal patterns of the superrich; that figure is up slightly from last year. And there are 2,049 D.C.-area residents worth $30 million or more.

Prices and sales of multimillion-dollar mansions are surging. Flashy luxury brands more commonly associated with Madison Avenue and Rodeo Drive are doing brisk business near the Capitol. Celebrity chefs are opening up elaborate restaurants and charging very un-Washington prices (think $280 tasting menus).

Along with the region’s traditional Priuses and Mercedes S.U.V.s, six-figure sports cars like Aston Martins and McLarens are now selling well.

“The wealth here is exploding,” said William Shawn, a longtime Washington lawyer who, as a side venture, recently opened a dealership selling Aston Martins and Bentleys. “I’m still amazed at the amount of money that people have coming into the showroom.”

The most obvious signs are in real estate. The average price of a property costing $1 million or more rose by 33 percent in the first quarter, according to Redfin. That increase is among the largest in the country.

Part of it was driven by the billionaires and millionaires in the Trump administration. Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary and a former hedge fund manager, paid $12.6 million in February for an estate in Massachusetts Avenue Heights. Wilbur Ross, the billionaire commerce secretary, paid $10.75 million in January for a Beaux-Arts mansion in the same neighborhood.

Rex W. Tillerson, the secretary of state and former Exxon Mobil chief executive, paid $5.6 million for a colonial in the Kalorama neighborhood, where Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner are renting a six-bedroom home for $15,000 a month.

Image[The Tysons Galleria mall in McLean, Va.]

Credit...Justin T. Gellerson for The New York Times

The record smasher for real estate in Washington, however, isn’t linked to the Trump administration. Jeff Bezos, the chief of Amazon and owner of The Washington Post, paid $23 million for the former Textile Museum in Kalorama and plans to convert the 27,000 square feet, spread across two buildings, into a single-family home.

Brokers say that record may not last long.

“I think we’re just seeing a whole new level of client in the city,” said Mark Lowham, a real estate agent with Sotheby’s International Realty in Washington.

He has an eight-bedroom home listed for $22 million on Chain Bridge Road in the city’s northwest. He also has a penthouse condominium at the Ritz-Carlton in Georgetown listed for $9.95 million.

While those are far from New York prices, they are a quantum leap for Washington. Mr. Lowham said he recently sold a $7.5 million condo on Water Street, which runs along the Potomac River.

The buyers aren’t just locals. Increasingly, the superrich from around the world are discovering the benefits of owning a home in Washington. Aside from being a bargain compared with New York or London, it gives business owners and power players access to the seat of government.

“These people already have a home in London and Hong Kong and New York, and they realize that if they add Washington to their portfolio, they can entertain there and advance their cause,” Mr. Lowham said.

European luxury brands have also found it lucrative to have homes in the area. Hermès opened a 6,000-square-foot boutique in CityCenterDC in 2015, celebrating with a blowout dinner that featured foie gras feuilleté and waiters wearing giant white hats that looked like clouds.

At a time when many malls are struggling, Tysons Galleria, in McLean, Va., which has tenants like Bottega Veneta, Chanel, Louis Vuitton and Prada, is reporting growing sales. Instead of a food court, the mall has brought in Mike Isabella, a chef and restaurateur, to build a 41,000-square-foot dining complex with eight eateries, including a raw bar and a tapas restaurant.

“Our sales have been strong, and luxury sales have been among the strongest,” said Rich Dinning, the senior general manager of Tysons Galleria.

The food scene in Washington is also growing more lavish. One of the top restaurants in town is Pineapple and Pearls, whose 11-course tasting menu (with drink pairings) goes for $280 a person — to be paid in advance. Several other restaurants in town, such as Métier and Komi, are offering tasting menus for $200 or more.

The new administration may be contributing to Washington’s affluence, but big money is also coming from start-ups and newcomers from out of town. A 25-year-old recently walked into Mr. Shawn’s car dealership and paid $340,000 in cash for an Aston Martin Vanquish. The customer said he had recently sold a tech company he founded for tens of millions of dollars.

“The government may have got a lot of this started,” Mr. Shawn said, “but with cybersecurity now, you’ve got a lot of these smart guys forming their own tech or telecom companies and doing well.”

While his dealership still lags those in Los Angeles; Greenwich, Conn.; and Palm Beach, Fla., when it comes to sales, Mr. Shawn said, “We’re closing in fast.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the wealthy in Washington D.C.?

answer: According to the article, in Washington D.C. the population has shifted from traditional millionaires toward superrich, and local elites have grown increasingly extravagant with the addition of billionaires and numerous start-ups. Prices of properties over $1 million have increased by 33%, and there is increased demand for luxury brands and upscale restaurants. The new administration has played a role in this shift, but it is also due in large part to local start-ups and entrepreneurs.

answer: The Washington region is one of the richest in the U.S., with a resurgence in wealth from the powerful government officials around it. There are 34 billionaires in a 25 mile radius from DC and 2,049 millionaires among its population. Some of them have even begun buying luxury vehicles and give architecture firms commissions for their elite tastes. While Washington D.C. might not compare with New York in terms of the scale of superrich, the prospects for the elite in Washington D.C. are good and are to continue growing in scope. Elite tastes might expand, purchasing from brands as available to them as possible or as these elite are happy to spend on their favorite luxury brands.

answer: The article discusses Washington's growing population of millionaires and billionaires, noting that new money is coming in from start-ups and newcomers out of town. The region has witnessed explosive growth in luxury real estate, as well as an expanding dining and retail scene. Despite being known for its affluence, D.C.'s wealthy are now being redefined as an entirely new class of superrich.

answer: The most affluent counties in the United States surround Washington D.C., and the region has rich as well as wealthy residents.

answer: Wealth in Washington D.C. has been on the rise. While the surrounding suburbs have been among the most affluent for years, new levels of wealth have moved in. There are 34 billionaires within a 25 mile radius of Washington, and 2,049 residents worth $30 million or more. Prices of multimillion dollar mansions are surging. The average price of a property costing $1 million or more rose by 33% in the first quarter. Flashy luxury brands more commonly associated with Madison Avenue or Rodeo drive are on the rise near the capitol. Buyers aren't just locals. Increasingly, the super rich from around the world are moving in. The richest White House in history and a boom in government related businesses and technology companies is driving the change.


source_id: tsCWsMUQhsNwRAKMFQKfMyzLLnodfy

split: train

text:
The Maricopa County Republicans overwhelmingly censured Senator John McCain on Saturday. The state Republicans blasted McCain for his “long and terrible record of drafting, co-sponsoring and voting for legislation best associated with liberal Democrats.”
Seeing Red AZ reported:

  At the annual mandatory meeting of the Maricopa County Republican Committee Saturday, a resolution censuring Sen. John McCain was overwhelming passed by the elected precinct committeemen (PCs) representing the county seat of Phoenix, and including numerous surrounding cities. See this complete listing of all the cities and map for a full picture of the size of the area encompassed by Maricopa County.

  Committeemen representing the Republican voters are elected on primary ballots from the precincts within state legislative districts…

  …The vote to censure McCain passed overwhelmingly — 1,150 in support with only 351 opposed. Read the complete Resolution to Censure John McCain, including a list of grievances.

TRENDING: Crowd Erupts in Cheers as Giuliani Tells AZ State Lawmakers: "Your Political Career is Worth Losing if You Can Save the Right to Vote in America" (VIDEO)

Here is the resolution as drafted by precinct committeeman Tim Schwartz:

  As leaders in the Republican Party, we are obligated to fully support our party, platform and its candidates. Only in times of great crisis or betrayal is it necessary to publicly censure our leaders.

  Today we are faced with both. For too long we have waited, hoping Sen. McCain would return to our party’s values on his own. That has not happened. So with sadness and humility we rise and declare:

  Whereas SEN. MCCAIN HAS AMASSED A LONG AND TERRIBLE RECORD OF DRAFTING, CO-SPONSORING AND VOTING FOR LEGISLATION BEST ASSOCIATED WITH LIBERAL DEMOCRATS, such as amnesty, funding for Obamacare, the debtceiling, assaults on the constitution and second amendment, and has continued to support liberal nominees;

  Whereas this record has been disastrous and harmful to Arizona and the United States; and,

  Whereas Sen. McCain has campaigned as a conservative and made promises during his re-election campaigns, such as the needed and welcomed promise to secure our borders and finish the border fence, only to quickly flip-flop on those promises; and whereas McCain has abandoned our core values and has been eerily silent against liberals, yet publicly reprimands conservatives in his own party, therefore

  Be it hereby resolved that the Maricopa County Republican leadership censures Sen. McCain for his continued disservice to our state and nation, and

  BE it further resolved that until he consistently champions our party’s platform and values, we, the Republican leadership in Arizona will no longer support, campaign for or endorse John McCain as our U.S. senator.

question: What is the main subject of the article?

answer: the censure of John McCain by Maricopa Republicans.

text: Capitalization

refinement: The censure of John McCain by Maricopa Republicans.

answer: The censuring of Senator McCain by Maricopa County Republicans

answer: The Maricopa County Republicans overwhelmingly censure Senator John McCain.

question: Approximately when was the article written?

text: No content

refinement: That information can't be found, but it must have been before McCain's death in 2018, and based on some of the language used, probably after the 2016 election

text: No content

refinement: That information can't be found, but it must have been before McCain's death in 2018, and based on some of the language used, probably after the 2016 election

answer: That information can't be found, but it must have been before McCain's death in 2018, and based on some of the language used, probably after the 2016 election

question: How many people voted to censure McCain?

answer: 1,150 of the 1,216 people voted in support of censuring McCain, with 351 opposed.

answer: 1150

answer: 1,150 people voted to censure McCain.

question: Who drafted the resolution?

answer: Tim Schwartz, the precinct chairman of the Republican party

answer: The resolution was drafted by Tim Schwartz.

answer: Tim Schwartz

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: John McCain was censured by fellow Republicans at the Maricopa County Republicans conference on Saturday.

text: When is Saturday?

refinement: John McCain was censured by fellow Republicans at the Maricopa County Republicans conference on Saturday at the time of the article.

text: No content

refinement: John McCain was censured by fellow Republicans at the Maricopa County Republicans conference on Saturday at the time of the article.

answer: The leadership of the Maricopa County (AZ) Republicans has voted to censure Senator John McCain because they feel he has sided with the Democrats too much and broken campaign promises.

answer: Maricopa County Republicans censured Senator John McCain for his "long and terrible record of drafting, co-sponsoring and voting for legislation best associated with liberal Democrats.

text: End a quote you start

refinement: Maricopa County Republicans censured Senator John McCain for his "long and terrible record of drafting, co-sponsoring and voting for legislation best associated with liberal Democrats."

answer: Some Maricopa County Republicans overwhelmingly censured John McCain on Saturday for his liberal stances and his "eerie silence" against liberals. They called on the senator to publicly show his support for the Republican party before they would support him.

text: No content

refinement: John McCain was censured by fellow Republicans at the Maricopa County Republicans conference on Saturday at the time of the article.


text:
She was told he suffered injuries to his “left hip and upper-quad area,” and Truro paramedics treated him at the scene, she said. The victim was taken to the national park’s Marconi site in Wellfleet, where he was met by a medical helicopter, she said.

He was flown to Tufts Medical Center in Boston, she said. Reynolds did not know the man’s condition Wednesday evening.

A witness who was visiting Cape Cod for the first time said beachgoers rushed to help the man.

Michael Sheridan of Philadelphia had been at the beach with his wife and two children for only about 15 minutes when he saw people running. Some headed toward the victim in the water, he said, while others ran toward the parking lot, because they had no cellphone service and wanted to call 911. When the victim was helped out of the water, he left a trail of blood on the sand, Sheridan said.

The gash was deep, Sheridan said, and located right below the hip.

“You could almost see his bone,” Sheridan said by telephone Wednesday night.

Beachgoers got towels, and there was some thought about making a tourniquet, but the wound was too far up his leg for that to be effective, Sheridan said.

The man was bundled in a towel and a group carried him off the beach with several people holding the edges, Sheridan said. The man was conscious but wasn’t saying much, he said.

“I thought he was dying right there,” said Sheridan, who carried him about 100 yards before he tired. “I thought he was going to bleed out on this beach.”

National Park Service rangers are investigating the incident, which occurred within the boundaries of the Cape Cod National Seashore, Truro police said late Wednesday.

The incident was one of five shark sightings reported on the Cape Wednesday, according to the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy.

Two other sightings were reported off Nauset Beach in Orleans, and two were reported off Provincetown, one near Mission Bell Dune Shack and one off the coast by a whale watch boat, the the conservancy reported on its app, Sharktivity.

In a statement, the head of the nonprofit conservancy said details of the Truro attack were not fully known, but she called such incidents rare.

“Encounters with white sharks in which people suffer injuries are as terrifying as they are rare,” chief executive Cynthia Wigren said. “While we still don’t know all of the details of this particular bite, sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.”

Sharks, she said, use their teeth to inspect, “much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.”

Still, the attack was the latest and most serious after a series of shark sightings on Cape Cod this summer.

Earlier this week, guests on a sport fishing boat reported that great white sharks had snacked on stripers they were reeling in on Cape Cod Bay. The captain said two such incidents had occurred in two days.

Last week, two Cape Cod beaches were closed in an afternoon because at least one great white shark had been spotted lurking offshore, officials said.

In a video taken Aug. 2, researchers in Cape Cod waters spotted a shark eating a seal.

During a weeklong stretch in July, 10 great white sharks were spotted off the Cape, according to the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy.

In 2012, a Boston native survived an attack by a great white in Truro.

The state’s last fatal shark attack is thought to have been in 1936, when a 16-year-old was seized by a 6-foot shark in Mattapoisett.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Material from previous Globe stories was used in this report. Danny McDonald can be reached at daniel.mcdonald@globe.com.

question: Explain the reason behind sharks sometimes biting people.

answer: Sharks use their teeth to inspect, "much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey."

text: The quotation marks are unnecessary. Instead, the name of the source can be included to make the sentence flow naturally.

refinement: According to a spokesperson from the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, sharks use their teeth to inspect much like humans use their hands. It is how sharks determine if what they encounter is prey.

text: "...sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.” Sharks, she said, use their teeth to inspect, “much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.”

answer: They identify prey by biting. When they try to identify if a human is their food, the human gets bitten. While sharks don't eat humans, their identification method still leaves us severely injured.

text: The last sentence is extra information that goes beyond directly answering the question.

refinement: They identify prey by biting. When they try to identify if a human is their food, the human gets bitten.

text: "Sharks, she said, use their teeth to inspect, “much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.”

answer: According to the passage, sharks bite people because they use their teeth to inspect things, just as people use their hands. Sharks sometimes mistake people for prey, and when they do so, it is usually a case of mistaken identity.

text: Sharks, she said, use their teeth to inspect, “much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.”

text: "...sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.”

answer: Sharks use their teeth to inspect, "much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey."

text: The quotation marks are unnecessary. Instead, the name of the source can be included to make the sentence flow naturally.

refinement: According to a spokesperson from the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, sharks use their teeth to inspect much like humans use their hands. It is how sharks determine if what they encounter is prey.

text: "...sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.” Sharks, she said, use their teeth to inspect, “much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.”

question: How do sharks find their food?

answer: According to the passage, sharks use their teeth to inspect objects they come across, much like humans use their hands. Sharks are thought to typically mistake humans for prey, and will bite them if they come close enough.

text: The text doesn't provide an answer to how sharks find their food.

answer: They use their teeth to inspect, much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey.

text: The text doesn't provide an answer to how sharks find their food.

answer: Sharks use their teeth to inspect, "much like we use our hands. It is how they determine if what they encounter is prey."

text: The text doesn't provide an answer to how sharks find their food.

answer: They use their teeth.

text: The text doesn't provide an answer to how sharks find their food.

question: What happened to the man Sheridan rescued?

answer: Sheridan carried the man to safety, but the man was bleeding profusely.

text: The answer doesn't address the question.

refinement: The man was attacked by a shark, rescued by beach-goers, and was flown to the hospital.

answer: Sheridan carried him off the beach, wrapped in towels to slow his bleeding. Other people helped when Sheridan got tired. The article implies the man got out alive.

text: The question asks about the rescued man but this answer mostly talks about Sheridan.

refinement: The man was attacked by a shark, rescued by beach-goers, and was flown to the hospital.

answer: The man was bitten by a shark.

text: “Encounters with white sharks in which people suffer injuries are as terrifying as they are rare,” chief executive Cynthia Wigren said. “While we still don’t know all of the details of this particular bite, sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.”

answer: The man was injured in a shark attack and was taken to the hospital by a medical helicopter.

text: “Encounters with white sharks in which people suffer injuries are as terrifying as they are rare,” chief executive Cynthia Wigren said. “While we still don’t know all of the details of this particular bite, sharks are not known to target people specifically and when they do bite people it’s usually a case of mistaken identity.”

text: "The victim was taken to the national park’s Marconi site in Wellfleet, where he was met by a medical helicopter, she said. He was flown to Tufts Medical Center in Boston, she said. Reynolds did not know the man’s condition Wednesday evening."

question: How frequent is the appearance of great white sharks in Cape Cod?

answer: According to the passage, great white sharks have been spotted on Cape Cod in recent weeks, with at least five sightings reported in the last few days.

text: Adding something about when the article was written would help clarify this since it contains temporal language.

refinement: According to the passage, great white sharks have been spotted on Cape Cod in recent weeks, with at least five sightings reported in the last few days at the time the article was written.

text: Changing "passage" to article for continuity.

refinement: According to the article, great white sharks have been spotted on Cape Cod in recent weeks, with at least five sightings reported in the last few days at the time the article was written.

answer: There were several sightings in the summer of the article.

text: "The summer of the article" is unusual wording.

refinement: There were several sightings during the summer in which the article was written.

answer: The appearance of great white sharks in Cape Cod is rare.

text: The article says attacks are rare but it mentions many sightings.

refinement: During the summer in which the article was written, there were multiple sightings of great white sharks.

answer: It is not stated.

text: It is true that it isn't stated but the article does mention frequent sightings over one summer.

refinement: It is not stated, exactly, but several sightings are mentioned over the course of the summer in which this article was written.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: A man was injured by a shark while swimming in the waters off of Cape Cod National Seashore. He was taken to a medical helicopter and flown to a hospital in Boston. The shark attack is one of five reported on the Cape this week, and is part of a recent increase in sightings of great white sharks in the area.

text: The article doesn't say whether the rate of sightings has increased compared to usual.

refinement: A man was injured by a shark while swimming in the waters off of Cape Cod National Seashore. He was taken to a medical helicopter and flown to a hospital in Boston. The shark attack is one of five reported on the Cape this week, and is part of a recent series of sightings of great white sharks in the area.

text: There weren't five shark attacks in a week.

refinement: A man was injured by a shark while swimming in the waters off of Cape Cod National Seashore. He was taken to a medical helicopter and flown to a hospital in Boston. The shark attack was a rare occurrence but came during a recent series of sightings of great white sharks in the area.

answer: A man was attacked by a shark while swimming in the ocean off of Cape Cod. The man was taken to the hospital and is in stable condition.

text: Something about the rarity of the event should probably be included.

refinement: A man was attacked by a shark while swimming in the ocean off of Cape Cod. The man was taken to the hospital and is in stable condition. Shark attacks are said to be rare and usually caused by humans being mistaken for prey. This attack occurred during a string of great white shark sightings in the Cape Cod area.

answer: A man was attacked by a shark while swimming in the ocean. He was taken to the hospital and is in stable condition. The shark was a great white. The attack was one of five shark sightings reported on the Cape that day. The last fatal shark attack in the state was in 1936.

answer: A victim of a shark attack was saved by beachgoers, including Michael Sheridan, who carried him on his back for 100 yards. Sheridan says he didn't expect the man to survive, but they managed to carry him to paramedics. Atlantic White Shark Conservancy explained that shark attacks on humans are as deadly as they are rare. The head of the conservancy explained that sharks identify prey by biting, which ends up severely injuring people. There were several cases of shark sightings recently.

text: Sheridan did not carry the man on his back.

refinement: A victim of a shark attack was saved by beachgoers, including Michael Sheridan, who helped carry him for 100 yards. Sheridan says he didn't expect the man to survive, but they managed to carry him to paramedics. Atlantic White Shark Conservancy explained that shark attacks on humans are as deadly as they are rare. The head of the conservancy explained that sharks identify prey by biting, which ends up severely injuring people. There were several cases of shark sightings recently.

text: Adding "a spokesperson" to the third sentence will help grammatically since the Conservancy can't speak (it's an organization).

refinement: A victim of a shark attack was saved by beachgoers, including Michael Sheridan, who helped carry him for 100 yards. Sheridan says he didn't expect the man to survive, but they managed to carry him to paramedics. A spokesperson from the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy explained that shark attacks on humans are as deadly as they are rare. The head of the conservancy explained that sharks identify prey by biting, which ends up severely injuring people. There were several cases of shark sightings recently.

text: The spokesperson didn't call the attacks deadly, but "terrifying."

refinement: A victim of a shark attack was saved by beachgoers, including Michael Sheridan, who helped carry him for 100 yards. Sheridan says he didn't expect the man to survive, but they managed to carry him to paramedics. A spokesperson from the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy explained that shark attacks on humans are as terrifying as they are rare. The head of the conservancy explained that sharks identify prey by biting, which ends up severely injuring people. There were several cases of shark sightings recently.

text: Saying "recently" is temporal but the reader won't have a reference point for that.

refinement: A victim of a shark attack was saved by beachgoers, including Michael Sheridan, who helped carry him for 100 yards. Sheridan says he didn't expect the man to survive, but they managed to carry him to paramedics. A spokesperson from the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy explained that shark attacks on humans are as terrifying as they are rare. The head of the conservancy explained that sharks identify prey by biting, which ends up severely injuring people. There were several cases of shark sightings around the time the article was written.


text:
WILLIAM MATHENY (also known as BILLY MATHENY) is a Morgantown, West Virginia based singer-songwriter. Matheny was also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine and is currently a keyboardist and guitarist for The Paranoid Style. His musical style has been compared to the likes of Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, Marshall Crenshaw, and The Modern Lovers’ Jonathan Richman.[1]

Early life

Born in 1984 in Mannington, West Virginia, he is the grandson of Mansfield Matheny, lead singer for The Rhythm Rascals.[2] His great-grandfather was a gospel singer and his father was a bluegrass guitarist. Matheny claims to have been performing with bands as a guitarist since the age of nine. He became the drummer of Cheap Truckers’ Speed[3] as a teenager, eventually moving to Morgantown and becoming a musician-for-hire.

Musical career

In 2008, Matheny joined the band Southeast Engine as a pianist and organ player.[4] He remained with the band until it went on “indefinite hiatus” at the end of 2012. Since that time, Matheny has continued to serve as a musician for The Paranoid Style (featuring Timothy Bracy of The Mendoza Line and Slow Dazzle) and Todd Burge,[5] among others. He and his band have been writing and recording the album that would eventually become Strange Constellations since 2013.[6] Matheny has appeared on the West Virginia Public Broadcasting program Mountain Stage a total of four times to date, both as a solo artist and as a member of a band.[7]

Current live band members[8]

-   Adam Meisterhans—guitar
-   J. Tom Hnatow—guitar
-   Bud Carroll—guitar
-   Jeremy Batten—keyboard
-   Ian Thornton—bass
-   John R. Miller—bass
-   Rod Elkins—drums
-   Sean Hallock—drums
-   Clint Sutton—drums

Discography

As Billy Matheny

-   _Billy Matheny_ (self-released, 2004)[9]
-   _Born of Frustration_ (self-released, 2006) – sometimes credited to “Billy Matheny & The Frustrations”[10][11]

With Southeast Engine

-   _Canary_ (Misra Records, 2011)[12]
-   _Canaanville_ (Misra Records, 2012)[13][14]

With The Paranoid style

-   _The Power of Our Proven System_ (Misra Records, 2013)[15]
-   _The Purposes of Music in General_ (Misra Records, 2013)[16]
-   _Rock & Roll Just Can't Recall_ (Battle Worldwide Recordings, 2015)[17]
-   _Rolling Disclosure_ (Bar/None Records, 2016)[18]
-   _Underworld U.S.A._ (Bar/None Records, 2017)[19]

As William Matheny

-   _Blood Moon Singer EP_ (self-released, 2016)[20]
-   _Strange Constellations_ (Misra Records, 2017)[21]
-   _Moon Over Kenova_ (Misra Records, 2018)[22]
-   _Flashes & Cables/Christian Name 7"_ (Misra Records, 2018)[23]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]  Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=24 December 2016}}

[10]

[11]  Songs, Reviews, Credits {{!}} AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=24 December 2016}}

[12]  Credits {{!}} AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=24 December 2016}}

[13]  Southeast Engine|website=southeastengine.com|access-date=24 December 2016}}

[14]

[15]

[16]  Biography & History {{!}} AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=24 December 2016}}

[17]

[18]

[19] http://www.theweeklings.com/oking/2017/10/08/an-interview-with-the-paranoid-styles-elizabeth-nelson/

[20]

[21]

[22] https://www.popmatters.com/william-matheny-moon-over-kenova-2540932599.html

[23]

title: William Matheny (musician)

question: Who is William Matheny?

answer: William Matheny is a musician from West Virginia.

answer: William Matheny is a singer-songwriter from West Virginia who has been a member of the band Southeast Engine and is currently a keyboardist and guitarist for The Paranoid Style.

answer: He is a Morgantown, West Virginia based singer-songwriter.

text: It is omitted that he is also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine.

refinement: He is a Morgantown, West Virginia based singer-songwriter. He is also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine

text: A typo.

refinement: He is a Morgantown, West Virginia-based singer-songwriter. He is also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine

answer: He is a singer-songwriter.

text: It is omitted that he is also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine.

refinement: He is a singer-songwriter. He is also a multi-instrumentalist for Southeast Engine.

question: Where is William Matheny based at?

answer: According to the passage, William Matheny is based in Morgantown, West Virginia.

answer: He is based in Morgantown, West Virginia.

answer: Morgantown, West Virginia

answer: Morgantown, West Virginia.

question: How can you describe Matheny's musical career?

answer: He has been a musician for hire since he was a teenager. He joined the band Southeast Engine in 2008 and remained with them until they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since 2013.

text: He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since the end of 2012.

refinement: He has been a musician for hire since he was a teenager. He joined the band Southeast Engine in 2008 and remained with them until they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since that time.

text: His first album is not mentioned.

refinement: He has been a musician for hire since he was a teenager. He joined the band Southeast Engine in 2008 and remained with them until they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since that time. His album Strange Constellations is released in 2017.

answer: Matheny's musical career has been described as a mixture of Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, Marshall Crenshaw, and Jonathan Richman.

text: style, not a career.

refinement: Matheny's musical style has been described as a mixture of Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, Marshall Crenshaw, and Jonathan Richman.

text: Irrelevant answer.

refinement: He has been a musician for hire since he was a teenager. He joined the band Southeast Engine in 2008 and remained with them until they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since that time. His album Strange Constellations is released in 2017.

answer: He had a good musical career with different bands and artists to learn and gain experience from.

text: Could be more specific.

refinement: He had a good musical career with different bands and artists to learn and gain experience from. He joined the band Southeast Engine in 2008 and remained with them until they went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. He has been a member of The Paranoid Style since that time. His album Strange Constellations is released in 2017.

answer: Matheny's musical career can be described as eclectic, spanning a variety of genres and styles. He has been a member of the band Southeast Engine, as well as a solo artist and member of The Paranoid Style. His music has been compared to artists like Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, and Jonathan Richman.

text: It is not stated that Matheny's musical career can be described as eclectic, spanning a variety of genres and styles.

refinement: He has been a member of the band Southeast Engine, as well as a solo artist and member of The Paranoid Style. His music has been compared to artists like Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, and Jonathan Richman.

text: His album is not mentioned.

refinement: He has been a member of the band Southeast Engine, as well as a solo artist and member of The Paranoid Style. His music has been compared to artists like Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, and Jonathan Richman. His album Strange Constellations is released in 2017.

question: How many current live band members are there?

answer: According to the article, there are 8 current live band members.

text: 9, not 8.

refinement: According to the article, there are 9 current live band members.

answer: There are currently 8 live band members.

text: 9, not 8.

refinement: There are currently 9 live band members.

answer: There are eight current live band members.

text: 9, not 8.

refinement: There are nine current live band members.

answer: There are six current live band members.

text: 9, not 6.

refinement: There are nine current live band members.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This article highlights the musical career of William Matheny, a singer and song writer based in Morgantown, West Virginia.

answer: Billy Matheny is a singer-songwriter from West Virginia who has released several albums and is currently a member of The Paranoid Style.

answer: This article is about William Matheny, a musician from West Virginia.

answer: William Matheny is a musician from West Virginia. He is a multi-instrumentalist and has been compared to Elvis Costello, Nick Lowe, Marshall Crenshaw, and Jonathan Richman.


text:
Mason’s brush arched and swirled with the careful elegance of a conductor, the foxtail bristles leaving swaths of scarlet across the snow white canvas. He was careful not to make a single mistake, as he only had so much material to paint with. He bit to lower left corner of his lip, his right eye half shut in concentration, as he pushed himself to perfection. He had been practicing for this moment his entire life.

He had familiarized himself with the tool he was using, practicing with it at great lengths. He had sacrificed some of his physical and mental well-being to obtain the flawless technique he would be using today. He felt that his entire life had led to this moment… and perhaps it had.

He had gone so many days without eating over his years of practice that he was not diverted by the smells wafting up through the wooden boards of his room in the Brass Wolf Inn. Even though tonight was the village’s Spring Festivus he was still working undistracted. The odors that were once mouth-watering and intoxicating no longer pulled him away from his work. The earthy scents with a biting pinch from the spiced mead, the subtle call of the peppercorn venison, the sweetly suffocating weight of a bulb of honey-buttered onion, and the familiar memory that accompanied the yeasty allure of freshly baked and airy loaves of bread… none of these held power over him anymore.

This was quite a lot to say for a penniless man on a holiday where the last meal of the night was free. Every copper, every bit every talent he owned, earned, or inherited went into the Painter’s Guild at Ivanhill. Though he had learned so much more after he was expelled and sentenced to a trial, having been taught by the natural flow of the forest when he fled the great city with nothing but a bedroll, a foxtail brush and linen canvas (both stolen), and the clothes on his back.

He had crafted his own paints in the countryside by stealing flour from mills and mixing it with both cold and boiled water and introducing colored clay into the mixture until it was the consistency he needed to paint with. In larger cities he would spend any collected alms on linseed oil and chalk, powdering the latter and mixing the two until he had oil paint to aid in his work and education. Both of these paints he would practice with by painting with his coattail or fingers upon rocks and trees, learning how to use a single color and the pressure upon the strokes of his instruments to create a half-dozen different shades.

The things he painted were elaborate and detailed, having only dense jungle and active wildlife as subjects. He learned to paint both quickly and slowly, to take an image and capture it in the flash before it was gone or to notice small details and slowly work them into the boulders and oak trunks he worked on. With all of his schooling and practical experience, with his hardships and determination, Mason had become a fantastic artist.

Now here he was at the end of the long road he had been traveling. His stolen canvas held aloft by the window, the brush matted in crimson. His hands did not shake, his brow did not sweat, and he breathed as he should rather than holding his breath with each stroke. He exuded confidence, it poured from his posture and movements and began to flood the room as if it were water. Soon it would leak into the floorboard and drip on those below and they would come up to his room to see what force they were beholding.

That was what they did.

Just as Mason had finished the last stroke, he stepped backwards and smiled at the canvas. His work was finished. After all he had gone through he was finally free of the images trapped in his head, he had finally had given life to them. The lines and curves breathed in their first breath of completion upon the canvas as the door to Mason’s room burst open.

Mason was seized by his shoulders and throw to the floor as three men entered the room. One man pinned him down as the others examined the painting with horror. They screamed in his ears – large and powerful fists came down upon his face and broke his nose. Paint poured from his nostrils as the fists continued to come down, smashing his teeth into his mouth and down his throat. Mason gulped for air and swallowed a molar in the chaos.

He was hoisted to his feet and thrown against the back wall, his head slamming into the wood. He stared in shock and horror as flint and steel were brought in. The metal shriek of the tools spat sparks upon the canvas until it began to blaze. Mason watched his life’s work turn to smoke and heat and flames. He was not even given the courtesy of watching it die as it was thrown out of the window and into the streets below where it smoldered into ash away from its creator’s eyes.

Mason screamed and thrashed and wept as they dragged him away. He begged for answers as to why they would treat him and his work so cruelly, for all he had painted was a field of flowers, butterflies, and a beautiful woman standing among them. His art was nearly clichéd, merely done in a more professional manner than most men could achieve.

He was told he knew why as he was taken to the jail to be tried and executed. He was clubbed over the head and his world went dark. The last vision he had of the room in which his masterpiece was created was his palette lying on the floor and a woman kneeling over it, crying, as men tried to console her or drag her away…

title: [OC] "The Painter" - a quick 1,000 words as a writing exercise.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about Mason?

answer: Mason was an artist who had perfected his craft. His dedication to becoming a professional artist meant he had to practice with a brush on rocks and trees because it was nearly impossible to practice without any medium (paints).

text: Missing some details about Mason.

refinement: Mason was an artist who had perfected his craft at the expense of his physical and mental well-being. He was expelled from the painter's guild and was sentenced to trial for an unspecified reason, so Mason fled the city and hid in the forest. His dedication to becoming a professional artist meant he had to practice with a brush on rocks and trees because it was nearly impossible to practice without any medium (paints). He had to make his own paint using clay, water, stolen flour, chalk, linseed oil, and other materials, mastering the technique of using only one color to create different shades. He was arrested and sentenced to death for killing someone and using their blood as paint.

answer: Mason is the epitome of an artist, striving for perfection and excellence in his craft above all else. His passion and level of dedication rivals some of the greatest minds in history. Though his talent comes at a steep price, he is not disturbed by the sacrifices he has made in order to create. Though his work has been treated poorly and destroyed, Mason has resilience and refuses to give up. In this way, Mason is resilient in the face of adversity and refuses to be defeated.

text: "His passion and level of dedication rivals some of the greatest minds in history." - extraneous information that should be deleted.

refinement: Mason is the epitome of an artist, striving for perfection and excellence in his craft above all else. Though his talent comes at a steep price, he is not disturbed by the sacrifices he has made in order to create. Though his work has been treated poorly and destroyed, Mason has resilience and refuses to give up. In this way, Mason is resilient in the face of adversity and refuses to be defeated.

text: "In this way, Mason is resilient in the face of adversity and refuses to be defeated" - extraneous information that can be removed.

refinement: Mason is the epitome of an artist, striving for perfection and excellence in his craft above all else. Though his talent comes at a steep price, he is not disturbed by the sacrifices he has made in order to create. Though his work has been treated poorly and destroyed, Mason has resilience and refuses to give up.

text: Missing some key details about Mason.

refinement: Mason is the epitome of an artist, striving for perfection and excellence in his craft above all else. Though his talent comes at a steep price, he is not disturbed by the personal sacrifices to the physical and mental well-being he has made in order to create. After getting expelled from the painter's guild and sentenced to a trial, Mason fled the city and lived in the forest, where he practiced painting on rocks and tree bark using paints made from clay, water, and other materials. Since he had no access to paint, he learned how to use a single color to create many different shades. Mason was thrown in jail and sentenced to death for killing someone and using their blood as paint. Though his work has been treated poorly and destroyed, Mason has resilience and refuses to give up.

text: "Though his work has been treated poorly and destroyed, Mason has resilience and refuses to give up." - extraneous information.

refinement: Mason is the epitome of an artist, striving for perfection and excellence in his craft above all else. Though his talent comes at a steep price, he is not disturbed by the personal sacrifices to the physical and mental well-being he has made in order to create. After getting expelled from the painter's guild and sentenced to a trial, Mason fled the city and lived in the forest, where he practiced painting on rocks and tree bark using paints made from clay, water, and other materials. Since he had no access to paint, he learned how to use a single color to create many different shades. Mason was thrown in jail and sentenced to death for killing someone and using their blood as paint.

answer: That Mason is an expert artist who has dedicated his entire life to the pursuit of perfection in his work. He practices tirelessly until he has reached the pinnacle of his skills. The villagers are hostile to his art and fear its power, responding with violence as they see fit. This brutality may have led to Mason's downfall.

text: "The villagers are hostile to his art and fear its power, responding with violence as they see fit. This brutality may have led to Mason's downfall." - this is inaccurate. The villagers never feared the power of Mason's art. They were only hostile and violent because Mason was clearly a sick person who killed someone and used that person's blood as paint. This should be deleted.

refinement: That Mason is an expert artist who has dedicated his entire life to the pursuit of perfection in his work. He practices tirelessly until he has reached the pinnacle of his skills.

text: "That" - serves no purpose and should be removed.

refinement: Mason is an expert artist who has dedicated his entire life to the pursuit of perfection in his work. He practices tirelessly until he has reached the pinnacle of his skills.

text: Missing key details about Mason.

refinement: Mason is an expert artist who has dedicated his entire life to the pursuit of perfection in his work, sacrificing his physical and mental well-being to achieve this. He was expelled from the painter's guild and sentenced to a trial, so he fled to the forest. There, he practices tirelessly until he has reached the pinnacle of his skills, using a stolen brush to paint on trees and boulders, using clay, water, and other materials as paint. He learned how to create many different shades from a single color. He was beaten and sentenced to die for killing someone and using the blood as paint.

answer: Mason was sentenced to execution for a single painting. His sentence appears to be cruel, given that the painting was a field of flowers. Mason was talented, becoming a fantastic artist in a short period of time. He was expelled and then sentenced to a trial after practicing his work for his entire life.

text: The response is missing crucial details about Mason.

refinement: Mason had been practicing his painting skills his entire life, sacrificing some of his physical and mental well-being to obtain his flawless technique. He used to be a member of the Painter's Guild at Ivanhill, but was expelled and sentenced to a trial for reasons not specified. He fled to the forest and taught himself how to paint, using clay and water for paint and bark and rocks for canvas. He later stole flour from mills to make paint and used alms to buy linseed oil and chalk. Mason was sentenced to execution for a single painting. His sentence appears to be cruel, given that the painting was a field of flowers. Mason was talented, becoming a fantastic artist in a short period of time. He was expelled and then sentenced to a trial after practicing his work for his entire life.

text: "His sentence appears to be cruel, given that the painting was a field of flowers." - Mason's sentence was not cruel because he killed someone and used their blood as paint. This part can be removed.

refinement: Mason had been practicing his painting skills his entire life, sacrificing some of his physical and mental well-being to obtain his flawless technique. He used to be a member of the Painter's Guild at Ivanhill, but was expelled and sentenced to a trial for reasons not specified. He fled to the forest and taught himself how to paint, using clay and water for paint and bark and rocks for canvas. He later stole flour from mills to make paint and used alms to buy linseed oil and chalk. Mason was sentenced to execution for a single painting. Mason was talented, becoming a fantastic artist in a short period of time. He was expelled and then sentenced to a trial after practicing his work for his entire life.

text: "Mason was talented, becoming a fantastic artist in a short period of time. He was expelled and then sentenced to a trial after practicing his work for his entire life." - extraneous and redundant information that should be deleted.

refinement: Mason had been practicing his painting skills his entire life, sacrificing some of his physical and mental well-being to obtain his flawless technique. He used to be a member of the Painter's Guild at Ivanhill, but was expelled and sentenced to a trial for reasons not specified. He fled to the forest and taught himself how to paint, using clay and water for paint and bark and rocks for canvas. He later stole flour from mills to make paint and used alms to buy linseed oil and chalk. Mason was sentenced to execution for a single painting.

answer: Mason is a penniless man who dedicated his entire life to perfecting his painting technique, sacrificing some of his physical and mental well-being to achieve this. He used to be a member of the Painter's Guild at Ivanhill, where he gave every copper and every bit of talent until he was expelled and sentenced to a trial for unspecified reasons. Mason fled to the forest with just the clothes on his back, a bedroll, and a stolen linen canvas and foxtail brush. Here, he was taught by the natural flow of the forest (presumably he taught himself) and he learned to craft his own paints by using common materials such as clay, water, linseed oil, and chalk. Since he had no canvas, he used boulders and tree trunks until he had become a fantastic artist.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What drove the people to beat, arrest, and execute Mason?

answer: Mason's art was seen as a threat to the established authorities. After producing a piece that was seen as not only beautiful, but representing life in a way that contradicted their authority and position, Mason became too dangerous. The authorities did not care what his intentions were and they decided to silence him permanently.

text: The response is incorrect. Mason was beaten and arrested because he killed someone

refinement: Mason was beaten, arrested, and sentenced to die because he killed someone and used the person's blood as paint.

answer: Anger and jealousy. Mason was an extremely talented artist and the people of the town became angry and envious of his skills. They took their revenge by beating him, arresting him, and ultimately executing him.

text: The response is incorrect. Mason was beaten and arrested because he killed someone and used the person's blood as paint.

refinement: Mason was beaten, arrested, and sentenced to death for killing someone and using the person's blood to paint a picture on a white canvas.

answer: Based on the story, it appears Mason is a sick and twisted person who already got into trouble before. At the Brass Wolf Inn, Mason's "paint" started dripping to the first floor. The townsfolk were horrified to find out what Mason had done. He kidnapped and murdered a child, using the blood as paint for his so-called masterpiece.

text: "He kidnapped and murdered a child," - it wasn't specified who Mason murdered.

refinement: Based on the story, it appears Mason is a sick and twisted person who already got into trouble before. At the Brass Wolf Inn, Mason's "paint" started dripping to the first floor. The townsfolk were horrified to find out what Mason had done. He kidnapped and murdered a person, using the blood as paint for his so-called masterpiece.

text: "already got" - change to "has already gotten"

refinement: Based on the story, it appears Mason is a sick and twisted person who has already gotten into trouble before. At the Brass Wolf Inn, Mason's "paint" started dripping to the first floor. The townsfolk were horrified to find out what Mason had done. He kidnapped and murdered a person, using the blood as paint for his so-called masterpiece.

answer: What Mason did was create pictures of the future, these pictures were taken as an omen from a higher power

text: The response is incorrect. Mason was beaten and sentenced to death because he killed someone and used the blood as paint.

refinement: Mason was arrested, beaten, and sentenced to death because he killed a person and used their blood to paint on canvas.

answer: His painting and the painting alone, or people believed he was responsible because of his painting

text: The response is incorrect. Mason was arrested and beaten for killing someone and defiling the body by using the blood as paint.

refinement: Mason was arrested, beaten, and sentenced to death for killing someone and defiling the body by using the deacesed's blood as paint.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why was Mason upset at the men who beat and dragged him away?

answer: They destroyed his artwork.

text: Needs to add that Mason was upset because the men destroyed his art without telling him why.

refinement: They destroyed his artwork without telling him why.

answer: Mason was upset because the men had destroyed his masterpiece of the field of flowers, butterflies, and a beautiful woman. He had worked so hard and sacrificed many things to create something that the men had destroyed in seconds. It was a cruel and wasteful act and it left Mason beyond devastated.

text: The response is missing the detail where the men destroyed his art without telling him why.

refinement: Mason was upset because the men had destroyed his masterpiece of the field of flowers, butterflies, and a beautiful woman without even telling him why. He had worked so hard and sacrificed many things to create something that the men had destroyed in seconds. It was a cruel and wasteful act and it left Mason beyond devastated.

answer: He cried and screamed at their cruel behavior, tears gathered in the corners of his eyes.

text: The response failed to answer the question.

refinement: Mason was upset because the men destroyed his masterpiece without giving him the courtesy of watching it die and without explaining to him why they treated him or his work so cruelly.

answer: Mason was upset because the men had destroyed his masterpiece, something he had spent years perfecting, and had ultimately taken his life’s work from him. Mason was upset and terrified because his sole purpose for living was the creation of art.

text: "perfecting," - remove the comma.

refinement: Mason was upset because the men had destroyed his masterpiece, something he had spent years perfecting and had ultimately taken his life’s work from him. Mason was upset and terrified because his sole purpose for living was the creation of art.

text: Mason was upset because the men burned his painting without telling him why.

refinement: Mason was upset because the men had destroyed his masterpiece, something he had spent years perfecting and had ultimately taken his life’s work from him, without telling him why. Mason was upset and terrified because his sole purpose for living was the creation of art.

answer: Mason was upset because the men burned his painting and threw it out the window. He wasn't given the courtesy of watching his creation die. Mason begged for answers as he was confused as to why the people reacted to his work so cruelly when all he painted was a field of flowers, butterflies, and a beautiful woman standing among them.


text:
[(Photo by Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images)]
(Photo by Jonathan Daniel/Getty Images)

With less than two months left until Notre Dame football takes on the Michigan Wolverines to kick off 2018, Brandon Wimbush has a lot of pressure to excel. has a lot of pressure to excel.

Notre Dame football had one of the better rushing attacks in the nation in 2017. That was led by the dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams. While Adams was a legitimate Heisman contender for most of 2017, Wimbush struggled down the stretch.

Once opponents figured out that all they had to do to stop the Fighting Irish offense was make Wimbush beat them over the top, things got a lot tougher for the Notre Dame passing game. Talented teams such as the Stanford Cardinal and Miami Hurricanes came about as a direct result of a lacking air attack.

That’s also what forced Notre Dame head football coach Brian Kelly to put Ian Book in at quarterback instead of Wimbush in some games down the stretch. Book excelled in the Citrus Bowl win over the LSU Tigers too. That all came when Wimbush had issues moving the Notre Dame offense down the field against a solid LSU defense.

Entering the 2018 campaign for the Irish, the quarterback battle is one of the most followed of all in the nation. Wimbush and Book are battling with incoming freshman four-star quarterback recruit Phil Jurkovec for the starting gig. At least to start the regular season, Wimbush should hold the edge over Book and Jurkovec.

The overall stat line Wimbush posted last season was impressive at first glance. But, his completion percentage left something to be desired, to say the least. Any time a quarterback racks up 30 total touchdowns compared to just six interceptions, he should be the starter the following year.

Yet, you would have to watch Notre Dame football to get the real picture of what that looked like last season. Wimbush started the season out in great fashion but started to stumble in the grueling stretch of Notre Dame difficult 2017 schedule. He tossed more interceptions than touchdowns combined in the losses to Miami and Stanford.

However, all is not lost for this talented dual-threat quarterback. Wimbush will be given the chance to excel for the Notre Dame offense over the course of a full season starting off this fall in a key Week 1 matchup against the Michigan Wolverines.

If Wimbush can build some confidence and learn off the mistakes he made in the final games of the 2017 regular season, he could be a more efficient passer in 2018. Arm strength isn’t the huge issue for Wimbush, and he might need another year of adjusting to the position.

Wimbush has some talent to rely on in the receiving corps between Chris Finke, Miles Boykin, and Michael Young. The pieces are in place, including a solid ground game once again, for Wimbush to succeed. We’ll see how he fares early in the season if Kelly gives him the opportunity.

question: What [American] football team is the focus of the article?

answer: The article focuses on the Notre Dame football team.

answer: The Notre Dame Fighting Irish

answer: Notre Dame

answer: Notre Dame.

question: Who are the "dynamic rushing duo"?

answer: The dynamic rushing duo mentioned in the passage refers to quarterback Brandon Wimbush and running back Josh Adams.

text: "The dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams."

answer: Notre Dame quarterback, Brandon Wimbush, and running back, Josh Adams.

text: "The dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams."

answer: Notre Dame's quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams.

text: "The dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams."

answer: Brandon Wimbush and Josh Adams

text: "The dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams."

question: Who are the "Fighting Irish"?

answer: The "Fighting Irish" are the Notre Dame football team.

text: "Once opponents figured out that all they had to do to stop the Fighting Irish offense was make Wimbush beat them over the top" supports the fact that the Fighting Irish are Notre Dame's team since Wimbush is on the Notre Dame team.

answer: Notre Dame

text: Specify that the Fighting Irish are the football team.

text: "Once opponents figured out that all they had to do to stop the Fighting Irish offense was make Wimbush beat them over the top" supports the fact that the Fighting Irish are Notre Dame's team since Wimbush is on the Notre Dame team.

answer: Notre Dame football.

text: Add team after football for extra clarification.

text: "Once opponents figured out that all they had to do to stop the Fighting Irish offense was make Wimbush beat them over the top" supports the fact that the Fighting Irish are Notre Dame's team since Wimbush is on the Notre Dame team.

answer: The Notre Dame Fighting Irish are the college football team that the author is discussing.

question: Who is Brian Kelly?

answer: Notre Dame's head football coach.

answer: According to the passage, Brian Kelly is the head football coach of Notre Dame.

answer: Brian Kelly is the head football coach at Notre Dame.

answer: He is the Notre Dame head football coach.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Notre Dame quarterback Brandon Wimbush will be under pressure to perform well in the upcoming 2018 season, as he will be competing with Ian Book and incoming freshman Phil Jurkovec for the starting spot. If Wimbush can build on his successes from last season and learn from his mistakes, he could be a key player for the Fighting Irish offense.

text: There are two sentences instead the requested one. Delete the second sentence.

refinement: Notre Dame quarterback Brandon Wimbush will be under pressure to perform well in the upcoming 2018 season, as he will be competing with Ian Book and incoming freshman Phil Jurkovec for the starting spot.

text: Use the word football.

refinement: Notre Dame quarterback Brandon Wimbush will be under pressure to perform well in the upcoming 2018 football season, as he will be competing with Ian Book and incoming freshman Phil Jurkovec for the starting spot.

answer: The author discusses the Notre Dame football team and their quarterback, Brandon Wimbush.

text: It's omitted that Wimbush has pressure to excel for the 2018 football season.

refinement: The author discusses the Notre Dame football team and the pressure to excel for the 2018 football season for their quarterback, Brandon Wimbush.

answer: This is an article about the Notre Dame football team, the quarterback, Brandon Wimbush, and running back, Josh Adams.

text: This article is not about Josh Adams. It only mentions him twice.

refinement: This is an article about the Notre Dame football team, the quarterback, Brandon Wimbush.

text: It's omitted that Wimbush is facing pressure to excel for the 2018 football season.

refinement: This is an article about the Notre Dame football team, and the pressure to excel for the 2018 football season that the quarterback, Brandon Wimbush, faces.

answer: Notre Dame football had a great rushing attack in 2017, led by the dynamic rushing duo in the backfield between ultra-athletic quarterback Brandon Wimbush and star running back Josh Adams. Wimbush struggled down the stretch, but he has the chance to excel for the Notre Dame offense over the course of a full season starting off this fall in a key Week 1 matchup against the Michigan Wolverines.

text: This summary has two sentences instead of the requested one. Delete the first sentence.

refinement: Wimbush struggled down the stretch, but he has the chance to excel for the Notre Dame offense over the course of a full season starting off this fall in a key Week 1 matchup against the Michigan Wolverines.

text: Include that Wimbush is the Notre Dame football team's quarterback.

refinement: Notre Dame football team's quarterback, Brandon Wimbush, struggled down the stretch, but he has the chance to excel for the Notre Dame offense over the course of a full season starting off this fall in a key Week 1 matchup against the Michigan Wolverines.

text: Mention that this is for the 2018 season. "this fall" is misleading.

refinement: Notre Dame football team's quarterback, Brandon Wimbush, struggled down the stretch, but he has the chance to excel for the Notre Dame offense over the course of the full 2018 football season starting in a key Week 1 matchup against the Michigan Wolverines.


text:
The 14TH ARMY was a field army of the Soviet Army, formed twice.

The army was first formed during the Winter War, in which two of its divisions fought in the Battle of Petsamo. After Operation Barbarossa, the army fought against German and Finnish attacks in Operation Silver Fox. In the middle of July 1941 the army was able to hold its positions. In October 1944 it fought in the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive and seized Pechenga. The army defended and guarded the newly captured territory until the end of the war. Its headquarters became the Belomorsky Military District at the end of July 1945. The army reformed in June 1948 from the 126th Light Mountain Rifle Corps as the 14th Army (Assault). Stationed on the Chukchi Peninsula, the army's mission was to invade Alaska in event of a war. It was disbanded in May 1953 after Stalin's death.

History

The first 14th Army was formed in October 1939 in the Leningrad Military District. It participated in the Soviet-Finnish war, during which its 52nd and 104th Rifle Divisions fought in the Battle of Petsamo.

From 24 June 1941 the army included the following units.[1]

    42nd Rifle Corps (Ist Formation 22 June 1941, disbanded 14 October 1941; was used to reinforce the Kandalksha operational group)[2]

        293rd Separate signals battalion
        279th separate sapper battalion
        104th Rifle Division
        122nd Rifle Division

    14th Rifle Division
    52nd Rifle Division
    1st Tank Division
    23rd Murmansk Fortified Region
    1st Mixed Air Division (HQ Murmansk, Colonel M.M. Golovnya, disbanded February 1942)[3]

        137th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Afrikanda) (SB)
        145th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Shangui) (38 I-153)
        147th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Murmashi) (36 I-153) Leonid Ivanov won the Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously while flying with this regiment up to his death on 27 June 1941.

    258th Fighter Aviation Division was formed from the Air Forces of the 14th Army in 1942
    a number of artillery and other units

The army was initially subordinated to the Northern Front and conducted defensive operations on the Murmansk, Kandalaksha and Ukhta directions against the German-Finnish Operation Silver Fox (29 June 1941 – 19 September 1941) and in coordination with the 7th Separate Army, in the Defensive Operations on the Petrozavodsk, Ukhtinsk, Rugozersk, and Olonetsk directions (1 July 1941 – 10 October 1941). In November 1941 three deer transportation units were formed in the 14th Army, each of them included 1,000 deer and 140–150 herdsmen and soldiers.[4] From the middle of Army was able to stop Finnish enemy forces advance, and subsequently until October 1944 (from 23 August 1941 as part of the Karelian Front) it solidly retained its sector positions, and conducted active offensive combat for the purpose of improvement in the position it occupied.

On 18 October 1944, the 14th Army after rearrangement was involved in the second stage of the Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation. From south to north in the battle were introduced 127th Light Rifle Corps, the reserve of the 31st Rifle Corps, 99th Rifle Corps, 126th Light Rifle Corps, 131st Rifle Corps. At that time, battles were mainly in the pursuit of the retreating enemy. 127th Light Rifle Corps and 31st Rifle Corps advanced on the Nickel, the 99th Rifle Corps and the 126th Light Rifle Corps on Ahmalahti, 131st Rifle Corps on Tarnet.

By 20 October 1944 127th Light Rifle Corps and 31st Rifle Corps semicircle covered Nickel from the north, south and south-west, 21 October 1944 126th Light Rifle Corps reached the lake Klistervati, 99th Rifle Corps 22 October 1944 released the road Ahmalahti – Kirkenes. 131st Rifle Corps has released 10/17/1944 to the state border and entered 18 October 1944 on Norwegian soil. Nickel was taken 22 October 1944.

Forcing Yar Fjord on 24–25 October 1944 Army troops fanned out in Norway. 31st Rifle Corps, without forcing the bay, and ran down the deep south, and reached Nausta 27 October 1944, coming on the Norwegian-Finnish border. The 127th Light Rifle Corps carried out an offensive attack in the same direction, but on the western shore of the Fjord. The 126th Light Rifle Corps undertook deep inroads in the west and reached the city 27 October 1944 Neiden 99th Rifle Corps and the 131st Rifle Corps rushed to Kirkenes, which was released on 25 October 1944, the then 99th Rifle Corps also sent the city Neiden.

By 29 October 1944, the Petsamo-Kirkenes operation was over, and with it the 14th Army's combat role. While the German forces evacuated and burned the far north of Norway, using scorched earth tactics, the Soviet advance was halted at the Tana River. Norwegian forces arrived to occupy the area between Soviet and German forces and support those civilians who had refused to evacuate. The 14th Army had taken the city of Petsamo (today Pechenga). Subsequently, until the end of the war the army defended the newly occupied territory and the state borders of the USSR with Finland and Norway.

Commanding officers

-   Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov (October 1939 – August 1941)
-   Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin (August 1941 – March 1942)
-   Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov (March 1942 – May 1945), from the end of April 1943 lieutenant general.

On 31 July 1945 the army headquarters was disbanded and the personnel were used to fill out Headquarters Belomorsky Military District.

14th Assault Army (1948-1953)

The army was reformed in June 1948 from the 126th Light Mountain Rifle Corps as the 14th Army (Assault). According to some data, there were plans for its use in Chukchi Peninsula and, in the case of war, landing in Alaska.[5] The army included the 116th, 117th and 121st Rifle Divisions, all former mountain rifle brigades. These divisions were not equipped like standard rifle divisions and lacked tank and antitank artillery battalions. The army included the 1221st and 1222nd Separate Cannon Artillery Regiments, the 280th Separate Engineer-Sapper Battalion and the 187th and 493rd Separate Communications Battalions as well as the 687th and 1252nd Separate Communications Companies.
It was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev.[6]
In 1949, the 95th Mixed Aviation Division (converted to fighters in 1952) at Anadyr became part of the army.
On 4 May 1951, Major General Georgy Latyshev took command of the army. Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk became the army commander on 14 April 1952.
The army was disbanded in May 1953 after Stalin's death.[7]

[1] p.138, Lenskii

[2] p.23, Perechen No.4 Headquarters of Corps, Soviet General Staff, Moscow, 1956

[3] Niehorster, http://niehorster.org/012_ussr/41_oob/leningrad/air.html, disbandment date from Russian Wikipedia article. Title of divisional also translates as 'Composite'.

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7] Feskov et al 2013, pp. 581–582

title: 14th Army (Soviet Union)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the history of the army.

answer: The army was first formed during the Winter War, and fought in Operation Barbarossa and against German and Finnish attacks in Operation Silver Fox. It was disbanded in 1953 after Stalin's death.

text: The history in the article provided details of the 14th Army's operations. Include those as well as the disbandment and reformation.

refinement: 14th Army is a Soviet field army first formed in October 1939, Leningrad Military District, to participate in the Battle of Petsamo of the Soviet-Finnish war. By June of 1941, it had expanded to be composed of a several divisions including infantry, tank, and aviation divisions. From then until 1944, the army would fight in several important conflicts, including the German-Finnish Operation Silver Fox, deer transportation, and the Karelian Front. In 1944 it was rearranged for the Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation and advanced into newly occupied territory defending the USSR borders to Finland and Norway. 31 July 1945, disbanded and personnel were used to fill out the Headquarters Belomorsky Military District. In 1948, it was reformed for use in the Chukchi Peninsula and then it was disbanded in May 1953 after Stalin's death.

answer: The 14TH ARMY was originally formed during the Winter War and participated in combat during Operation Silver Fox. In October 1944, the army participated in the Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive. The army defended and guarded the newly captured territory until the end of the war, disbanding in July 1945. The army reformed in 1948 as the 14th Army (Assault), with the mission of invading Alaska. The army was disbanded in 1953.

answer: It was formed on October 1939, first serving as part of the Northern Front and then as a part of the Karelian Front. Two years after, the army was involved in the second stage of Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation from the south to the north flank. The army defended and guarded the newly captured territory until the end of the war, after which it was disbanded.

text: Mention both times it was disbanded.

refinement: It was formed on October 1939, first serving as part of the Northern Front and then as a part of the Karelian Front. Two years after, the army was involved in the second stage of Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation from the south to the north flank. The army defended and guarded the newly captured territory until the end of the war, after which it was disbanded in 1945. The army was reformed in 1948 then disbanded in 1953 after Stalin's death.

answer: The 14TH ARMY was a field army of the Soviet Army formed twice. The first incarnation participated in the Winter War, and after Operation Barbarossa defended set positions in the Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive. At the end of 1944 the army was disbanded. It was reformed in 1948 to protect newly-acquired territory in northern Russia from invasion. The army was disbanded in 1953 after Stalin's death. The army included the 116th, 117th, 121st Rifle Divisions and the 95th Mixed Aviation Division.

answer: It was formed during the Winter War. It was disbanded after Stalin's death. In between it fought off the Germans and the Finns. In October 1944 it fought the Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive and seized Pechenga. It was reformed in 1948. It was disbanded in 1953.

text: The order of events is contextually hard to follow and there are missing details.

refinement: 14th Army is a Soviet field army first formed in October 1939, Leningrad Military District, to participate in the Battle of Petsamo of the Soviet-Finnish war. By June of 1941, it had expanded to be composed of a several divisions including infantry, tank, and aviation divisions. From then until 1944, the army would fight in several important conflicts, including the German-Finnish Operation Silver Fox, deer transportation, and the Karelian Front. In 1944 it was rearranged for the Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation and advanced into newly occupied territory defending the USSR borders to Finland and Norway. 31 July 1945, disbanded and personnel were used to fill out the Headquarters Belomorsky Military District. In 1948, it was reformed for use in the Chukchi Peninsula and then it was disbanded in May 1953 after Stalin's death.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who were the commanding officers and when?

answer: The first 14th Army was commanded by Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov from October 1939 to August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin took command from August 1941 to March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov became the army commander in April 1942 and remained in command until the end of July 1945. The 14th Assault Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev from 1948-1953. Major General Georgy Latyshev took command in 1951, and Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk became the commander in April 1952. The 14th Assault Army was disbanded in May 1953.

answer: Lieutenant General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov from March 1942 through the end of the war and for the next five years.

text: Mention all the commanders

refinement: The first 14th Army was commanded by Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov from October 1939 to August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin took command from August 1941 to March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov became the army commander in April 1942 and remained in command until the end of July 1945. The 14th Assault Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev from 1948-1953. Major General Georgy Latyshev took command in 1951, and Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk became the commander in April 1952. The 14th Assault Army was disbanded in May 1953.

answer: Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov was an officer from October 1939 - August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin was commander from August 1941- March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Scherbakov was officer from March 1942 - May 1945. When it was reformed in 1948 it was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev. In May 1951, Major General Georgy Latyshev took command of the army. Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk took command on 14 April 1952.

answer: Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin commanded the 14th Army from October 1939 to August 1941, Lieutenant General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov commanded the army from March 1942 to May 1945, and Major General Georgy Latyshev commanded the army from 1951 until its disbandment in May 1953.

text: Mention all the commanding officers

refinement: The first 14th Army was commanded by Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov from October 1939 to August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin took command from August 1941 to March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov became the army commander in April 1942 and remained in command until the end of July 1945. The 14th Assault Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev from 1948-1953. Major General Georgy Latyshev took command in 1951, and Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk became the commander in April 1952. The 14th Assault Army was disbanded in May 1953.

answer: Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov was the commanding officer until August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin was the commanding officer from August 1941 until March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov was the commanding officer from March 1942 until May 1945.

text: Mention all the commanding officers.

refinement: The first 14th Army was commanded by Lieutenant General V. A. Frolov from October 1939 to August 1941. Major General Roman Ivanovich Panin took command from August 1941 to March 1942. Major General Vladimir I. Shcherbakov became the army commander in April 1942 and remained in command until the end of July 1945. The 14th Assault Army was commanded by Lieutenant General Nikolay Oleshev from 1948-1953. Major General Georgy Latyshev took command in 1951, and Lieutenant General Ivan Rubanyuk became the commander in April 1952. The 14th Assault Army was disbanded in May 1953.


text:
Shepherd's pie

With crispy bottom, sides & top

[Shepherd's pie]

With crispy bottom, sides & top

Serves 8

Cooks In6 hours 30 minutes plus cooling

DifficultyShowing off

Nutrition per serving

-    Calories 508 25%

-    Fat 19.9g 28%

-    Saturates 9.9g 50%

-    Sugars 5.8g 6%

-    Salt 0.7g 12%

-    Protein 21.8g 44%

-    Carbs 64.2g 25%

-    Fibre 4.4g  -

Of an adult's reference intake

Ingredients

-   ROAST LAMB
-   1 small shoulder of lamb, bone in (2kg)
-   olive oil
-   FILLING
-   4 red onions
-   4 carrots
-   4 sticks of celery
-   1 medium swede
-   a few sprigs of fresh rosemary
-   1 heaped tablespoon plain flour
-   TOPPING, SIDES & BOTTOM
-   2.5 kg Maris Piper potatoes
-   2 good knobs of unsalted butter
-   100 g Cheddar cheese
-   2 sprigs of fresh rosemary
-   60 g fresh breadcrumbs

[Jamie's Comfort Food]

recipe adapted from

Jamie's Comfort Food

 By Jamie Oliver

Method

1.  Preheat the oven to 170°C/325°F/gas 3.
2.  In a snug-fitting high-sided roasting tray, rub the lamb all over with a little oil and a good pinch of sea salt and black pepper. Add a splash of water to the tray, then roast for 4 hours, or until the meat is tender and will fall away from the bone.
3.  Remove from the oven and leave to cool in the tray, then lift the lamb out onto a board, take all the meat and crispy skin off the bone and roughly chop it, reserving the bones.
4.  Skim away any fat from the tray and pop it into a clean jam jar. Add a splash of boiling water to the tray and stir around to pick up all the lovely sticky bits from the bottom. Keep it all to one side.
5.  For the filling, peel and roughly dice the onions, carrots, celery and swede, then put them into your biggest pan on a medium-high heat with 2 tablespoons of reserved lamb fat. Strip in the rosemary leaves, then fry the veg for 20 minutes, or until lightly caramelised, stirring regularly.
6.  Stir in the flour, lamb, bones and tray juices, then pour in 1.5 litres of water. Bring to the boil, then put the lid on and reduce to a gentle simmer for 40 minutes, or until you’ve got a loose, stew-like consistency, stirring occasionally.
7.  To guarantee intense gravy and a tender but dense filling, remove and discard the bones, then place a large coarse sieve over a pan and, in batches, spoon the lamb stew into the sieve. Let the gravy drip through, and after a couple of minutes, when you get a dense pile of meat and veg in the sieve, transfer that to a bowl, leaving the gravy in the pan.
8.  Separately freeze half the cool meat and gravy for another day.
9.  For the topping, sides and bottom, peel and roughly chop the potatoes and cook in boiling salted water for 12 to 15 minutes, or until tender. Drain and leave to steam dry, then add the butter, grate in half the cheese, season to perfection with salt and pepper, mash well and cool completely.
10. Preheat the oven to 200°C/400°F/gas 6.
11. Use a little reserved lamb fat to grease the inside of a large pie dish (25cm x 30cm), then pick and tear over the rosemary leaves and sprinkle with half the breadcrumbs – they’ll stick to the fat and add an incredible crunch.
12. A handful at a time, press the cooled mash into the dish, covering the bottom and sides with a 1cm-thick layer. Spoon in the filling and a couple of spoonfuls of gravy, smooth out, then top with the remaining mash, pat it flat, scuff it up with a fork and pinch it at the edges.
13. Grate over the rest of the cheese, scatter with the remaining breadcrumbs and drizzle lightly with oil. Importantly, bake on the bottom of the oven for 1 hour 10 minutes, or until crisp and golden.
14. Warm your gravy through (reducing if desired), then serve the pie with loads of seasonal greens or peas and lots of condiments.

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question: What's special about this Shepherd's Pie?

answer: It is designed to have a crispy top, bottom and sides.

text: It's hard to say, but there may be something wrong with the question. What is special about shepherd's pie requires world knowledge.

refinement: It is a savory, meat pie, that is topped with mashed potatoes instead of pie crust.

answer: This Shepherd's Pie includes a lot of juicy, flavourful filling, a crispy and buttery topping with fresh rosemary, and comes out golden and crisp after baking.

text: It's hard to say, but there may be something wrong with the question. What is special about shepherd's pie requires world knowledge.

refinement: It is a savory, meat pie, that is topped with mashed potatoes instead of pie crust.

answer: Besides containing a hearty helping of roast lamb, the Shepherd's Pie boasts a delicious topping, sides and bottom made from mashed potatoes, crispy bread-crumbs, tasty cheese, and gravy. Additionally, the pie is baked for around an hour, making it fully satisfying and delicious.

text: It is not necessary to have "the pie is baked for an hour".

refinement: Besides containing a hearty helping of roast lamb, the Shepherd's Pie boasts a delicious topping, sides and bottom made from mashed potatoes, crispy bread-crumbs, tasty cheese, and gravy.

question: Are the instructions clear?

answer: Yes, the instructions are clear and straightforward. The cook needs to preheat the oven to 170°C/325°F/gas 3 and proceed with roasting the lamb for 4 hours before proceeding to making the filling, topping, sides, and bottom. After completing the pie, it will require baking in the oven for a total of 1 hour 10 minutes.

answer: There are clear instructions in the passage for how to make shepherd's pie, making the recipe easy to follow.

answer: Objectively: yes.

question: How does it taste?

answer: This shepherd's pie is sure to be a hit, with a deliciously crispy crust on top. The filling is mixed with a few seasonings and bursting with flavourful vegetables, making it an easy, satisfying dish that is perfect for any cold weather.

text: Perfect for any cold weather is unnecessary.

refinement: This shepherd's pie is sure to be a hit, with a deliciously crispy crust on top. The filling is mixed with a few seasonings and bursting with flavourful vegetables.

answer: This shepherd's pie tastes rich and satisfying, with a crispy, crunchy top layer. The filling is deliciously rich in meat and vegetables, with a thick, rich gravy that oozes out of the dish and soaks into the crispy mashed potato topping.

answer: It doesn't say.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: This Shepherd's Pie recipe includes roasted lamb and a hearty filling, topped with a buttery mash and baked until golden-brown.

answer: A Jamie Oliver recipe for Shepherd's Pie.

answer: Here is a shepherd's pie recipe that is rich and hearty, and also has a crispy top with sides and bottom. The dish takes 6 hours to prepare, with some of it being spent roasting a lamb which is then used in the filling. And once it's done, it's ready to serve with some roasted veggies on the side.

text: More than one sentence.

refinement: Here is a shepherd's pie recipe that is rich and hearty, and also has a crispy top with sides and bottom.

answer: This shepherd's pie recipe includes a roast lamb, a stew-like filling, mashed potatoes as the base and a crispy topping of breadcrumbs and cheese. It takes about 6 hours to cook and serves 8 people.

text: Unnecessary information.

refinement: This shepherd's pie recipe includes a roast lamb, a stew-like filling, mashed potatoes as the base and a crispy topping of breadcrumbs and cheese.

answer: This shepherd's pie recipe includes roasted lamb and a filling of caramelized vegetables and lamb along with cheese. It is then topped with mashed potatoes and cooked until crispy and golden.

text: More than one sentence.

refinement: This shepherd's pie recipe includes roasted lamb and a filling of caramelized vegetables and lamb along with cheese, topped with mashed potatoes and cooked until crispy and golden.

answer: This recipe creates a hearty Shepherd's Pie with a crunchy, crispy topping and a warm, soft filling.