text:
CODARTS UNIVERSITY FOR THE ARTS () is a Dutch vocational university in Rotterdam that teaches music, dance and circus. It was established in its present location in 2000.

History

Codarts can trace its origins to the Rotterdam Conservatorium voor Muziek (Rotterdam Conservatory of Music), popularly known as the Conservatorium Holthaus after its director, Jos Holthaus (1879-1943).[1] In 1886 the German violinist Willy Hess took up a professorship in the Rotterdam Conservatorium voor Muziek which he held for two years.[2]

In 1930 the alternative Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium (Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory) was founded with the composer Willem Pijper as director.[3] The Rotterdamse Dansschool (Rotterdam Dance School) was established in 1931 by Corrie Hartong as director and the German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher.[4] At first the dance school was part of the Conservatorium Holthaus.[5] In 1935 the dance school transferred to Pijper's conservatory. Hartong remained as director. She was to stay in this position until 1961, and continued to teach until 1967.[6]

World War II broke out in 1939 and the Netherlands were invaded in May 1940. On 14 May 1940 the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs. It was decided to merge Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building on Mathenesserlaan, where Holthaus had a branch. Soon they moved again to a big old house that had somehow been spared, totally surrounded by rubble, and managed to continue day classes and early evening classes before curfew throughout the remainder of the war. Until Holthaus died in 1943 the combined conservatory had two directors.[7]

The Rotterdamse Dansschool was renamed the Rotterdamse Dansacademie (Rotterdam Dance Academy) in 1954. In 1986 the Conservatory and Dance Academy became the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam (Rotterdam University of Music and Theatre).[8] The school moved into its present modern building next to the Doelen concert hall in 2000 under the name Codarts - hogeschool voor de kunsten (Codarts - University of the Arts).[9] The Circus arts program was launched in September 2006.[10]

Schools

[Codarts Big Band, conducted by Ilja Reijngoud, at the North Sea Jazz Festival, July 2008] Codarts has three divisions: the Rotterdam Conservatory, Rotterdam Dance Academy, and Rotterdam Circus Arts.[11]

The Rotterdam Conservatory is one of the largest conservatories in the Netherlands, with over 900 pupils. It offers courses through which students may obtain a bachelor's degree in any of several disciplines: Music Theater, Pop, Jazz, Composition/arranging, Music Production, Argentinean tango, Indian music, Flamenco, Latin/Latin jazz/Brazilian, Turkish music, Classical music, and Music in Education.[12] The school puts on public performances, at times using the adjacent De Doelen concert hall. Thus in April 2011 guest conductor Arie van Beek led the Codarts Orchestra and Codarts Chamber Choir in a performance in the Jurriaanse Hall.[13] In September 2011 the Codarts Ensemble performed a program that explored the boundary between classical music and jazz, with works by Stravinsky, Gershwin, Shostakovich, Antheil and Harvey.[14] The Codarts Ensemble played again at De Doelen in March 2012 with the Codarts Chamber Choir, performing a major work by Arthur Honegger. They were conducted by Wiecher Mandemaker.[15]

The Dance Academy teaches dancers and arranges for students to appear in performances and tours. Codarts helps students gain practical experience with internships with noted dance companies, and participates in student exchange programs with other European and American dance schools.[16] In May 2011 the Rotterdam Dance Academy performed at the Venice Biennale with a show called _Talent on the Move_. The program included works by established choreographers such as Jiří Kylián, Nacho Duato and Mauro Bigonzetti and by younger artists including graduates of the academy.[17]

The Circus Arts school began offering a bachelor's course in September 2006, training students for careers in contemporary and traditional circus, in variety shows and in local or street theater.[18] Circus students learn dance and drama as well as a wide range of circus techniques to prepare for a professional career.[19]

The Havo voor Muziek en Dans (High School for Music and Dance) provides a secondary school education in which music and dance are part of the daily curriculum. It is co-located in the Codarts building and Codarts teachers teach the music and dance classes.[20] [21] The school prepares students for higher music education, but graduates must still pass entrance examinations to continue at Codarts.[22] The high school was the subject of the 2007 documentary _De Droomfabriek_ (The Dream Factory) directed by Netty van Hoorn''.[23]

Building

[Codarts Rotterdam] The building abuts the 1966 De Doelen concert and conference building, home of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra.[24] It was built as part of an overall plan for an extension to De Doelen defined in 1993 by Jan Hoogstad. A new building site beside the Kruisplein was created by reducing the size of Karel Doormanstraat, and this was used for the Doelen extension and the Codarts building.[25] The building was developed by the architectural firm of Ector Hoogstad, and was completed in 2000. The plinth is mainly used for commercial purposes. The building is relatively high to accommodate all the demands of the school, and has a total floor space of . Visually, the Codarts building appears to reach over the end of the conference center.[26]

The building's steel skeleton supports a “box in box” design for the interior spaces, including several tall spaces with variable lighting. A long escalator connects the entrance lobby to the fifth floor. This is the main floor for Codarts, holding the restaurant, library and several performance rooms, and opening onto a terrace on the roof of the Doelen extension. Codarts occupies classrooms and offices below this floor. The conservatory is above it and the large dance studios are at the top of the building. The building is clad in brick to give an appearance consistent with nearby apartment buildings.[27]

Notable alumni

-   Ike Moriz, German-South African singer, composer and actor.
-   Willemijn Verkaik, Dutch theatre actress, best known for playing Elphaba from the musical Wicked in the Netherlands, Germany, New York and London.
-   Henk van der Vliet (1950), Dutch composer and flautist
-   San Holo, Dutch record producer and DJ.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

title: Codarts

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the events that occurred during the 1940s.

answer: In 1939, World War II broke out, and the Netherlands was invaded in May 1940. On 14 May 1940 the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs. They were merged along with the Rotterdamse Dansacademie and renamed the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam in 1986. The dance academy within the school assists in preparing dancers for performance and tours.

text: "1940" - add a comma.

refinement: In 1939, World War II broke out, and the Netherlands was invaded in May 1940. On 14 May 1940, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs. They were merged along with the Rotterdamse Dansacademie and renamed the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam in 1986. The dance academy within the school assists in preparing dancers for performance and tours.

text: "They were merged along with the Rotterdamse Dansacademie and renamed the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam in 1986. The dance academy within the school assists in preparing dancers for performance and tours." - this part is incorrect and irrelevant. Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories was merged into one building, not with the Rotterdamse Dansacademie. Events in 1986 shouldn't even be here.

refinement: In 1939, World War II broke out, and the Netherlands was invaded in May 1940. On 14 May 1940, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs. Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories merged into one building on Mathenesserlaan. They moved again to a big old house that wasn't destroyed by bombs but surrounded by rubble. The combined conservatory was able to continue day classes and early evening classes before curfew through the remainder of the war. The conservatory had two directors until Holthaus died in 1943.

answer: Rotterdam was invaded during World War II. Shortly after, the Bombing of Rotterdam caused the Conservatory and Dance Academy buildings to be destroyed, marking the end of the programs and personnel. Holthaus led the combined conservatory until his death in 1943. After the war, the dance academy was not rebuilt.

text: "Rotterdam" - replace with "The Netherlands"

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded during World War II. Shortly after, the Bombing of Rotterdam caused the Conservatory and Dance Academy buildings to be destroyed, marking the end of the programs and personnel. Holthaus led the combined conservatory until his death in 1943. After the war, the dance academy was not rebuilt.

text: Missing the date of the invasion, which is important to establish the events that occurred during the 1940s.

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded in May 1940, during World War II. Shortly after, the Bombing of Rotterdam caused the Conservatory and Dance Academy buildings to be destroyed, marking the end of the programs and personnel. Holthaus led the combined conservatory until his death in 1943. After the war, the dance academy was not rebuilt.

text: "Shortly after, the Bombing of Rotterdam caused the Conservatory and Dance Academy buildings to be destroyed, marking the end of the programs and personnel." - there was no mention of the Bombing of Rotterdam as an event and this shouldn't be the focus of the response. The bombing also did not mark the end of programs and personnel. This part of the response should be rewritten to reflect what happened in the 1940s.

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded in May 1940, during World War II. The buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs on May 14, 1940. Holthaus and Pijper's conservatories were merged into one building on Mathenesserlaa, where Holthaus had a branch. The combined conservatories moved again to a big old house that was spared from the bombing and managed to hold day and early evening classes before a curfew was imposed throughout the remainder of the war. Holthaus led the combined conservatory until his death in 1943. After the war, the dance academy was not rebuilt.

text: "After the war, the dance academy was not rebuilt." - this is incorrect because the dance school survived the war and was even renamed in 1954. Anything not in the 1940s is also irrelevant and should be deleted.

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded in May 1940, during World War II. The buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs on May 14, 1940. Holthaus and Pijper's conservatories were merged into one building on Mathenesserlaa, where Holthaus had a branch. The combined conservatories moved again to a big old house that was spared from the bombing and managed to hold day and early evening classes before a curfew was imposed throughout the remainder of the war. Holthaus led the combined conservatory until his death in 1943.

answer: In May 1940 World War II began and bombs destroyed the buildings of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory. The two conservatories were combined into one building near De Doelen concert hall. Willy Hess served as one of the Rotterdam Conservatory's directors in this period. During the remainder of the war, classes continued as best they could. After Jos Holthaus died in 1943, the two conservatories were merged into the Rotterdam University for the Arts, now known as Codarts. The Codarts building was completed in 2000. The school currently offers a degree in music and dance, as well as a bachelor's course in circus arts.

text: "The two conservatories were combined into one building near De Doelen concert hall. Willy Hess served as one of the Rotterdam Conservatory's directors in this period" - this is inaccurate and should be removed.

refinement: In May 1940 World War II began and bombs destroyed the buildings of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory. During the remainder of the war, classes continued as best they could. After Jos Holthaus died in 1943, the two conservatories were merged into the Rotterdam University for the Arts, now known as Codarts. The Codarts building was completed in 2000. The school currently offers a degree in music and dance, as well as a bachelor's course in circus arts.

text: "the two conservatories were merged into the Rotterdam University for the Arts, now known as Codarts. The Codarts building was completed in 2000. The school currently offers a degree in music and dance, as well as a bachelor's course in circus arts." - this is incorrect because this never happened in the 1940s.

refinement: In May 1940 World War II began and bombs destroyed the buildings of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory. During the remainder of the war, classes continued as best they could. After Jos Holthaus died in 1943,

text: "After Jos Holthaus died in 1943," - incomplete sentence.

refinement: In May 1940 World War II began and bombs destroyed the buildings of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory. During the remainder of the war, classes continued as best they could. Jos Holthaus was one of the directors at the combined conservatory until he died in 1943.

text: The response is missing a few details about the events in 1940.

refinement: In May 1940 World War II began and bombs destroyed the buildings of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory (Pijper's conservatory) and the Rotterdam Dance School. It was decided that the two conservatories (Pijper's and Holthaus') were to be merged into one building on Mathenesserlaan. The combined conservatories moved again to a big old house that was somehow spared from the bombing. During the remainder of the war, classes continued as best they could. Jos Holthaus was one of the directors at the combined conservatory until he died in 1943.

answer: In 1940 World War II broke out in the Netherlands, causing the destruction of buildings at the Rotterdam Conservatory. It was decided to combine Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building and to remain in operation throughout wartime. The Rotterdamse Dansschool became the Rotterdamse Dansacademie in 1954, and this institution merged with the school of music and theatre in 2000 to form Codarts University for the Arts. Notable alumni include singer Ike Moriz and DJ San Holo.

text: "The Rotterdamse Dansschool became the Rotterdamse Dansacademie in 1954, and this institution merged with the school of music and theatre in 2000 to form Codarts University for the Arts. Notable alumni include singer Ike Moriz and DJ San Holo." - anything that didn't happen in the 1940s is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: In 1940 World War II broke out in the Netherlands, causing the destruction of buildings at the Rotterdam Conservatory. It was decided to combine Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building and to remain in operation throughout wartime.

text: "Rotterdam Conservatory" - is inaccurate. The buildings of the Rotterdam Dance School and the main building of Pijper's conservatory (Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory) were destroyed by the bombs (the dance school transferred to Pijper's from Holthaus in 1935). It is unclear if Rotterdam Conservatory (Conservatorium Holthaus) was damaged as well.

refinement: In 1940 World War II broke out in the Netherlands, causing the destruction of buildings at the Rotterdam Dance School and the main building of Pijper's conservatory. It was decided to combine Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building and to remain in operation throughout wartime.

text: The highlighted text is missing key details of the events that occurred in the 1940s.

refinement: In 1940 World War II broke out in the Netherlands, causing the destruction of buildings at the Rotterdam Dance School and the main building of Pijper's conservatory. It was decided to combine Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories into one building on  Mathenesserlaan, where Holthaus had a branch. They managed to remain in operation throughout wartime, moving again into a big old house that was somehow spared from destruction and holding day classes and early evening classes. Until Holthaus died in 1943, the combined conservatory had two directors (the other one was presumably Pijper).

answer: The Netherlands were invaded in May of 1940, and on May 14 of that year, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed in a bombing. Holthaus died in 1943.

text: "were" - change to "was"

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded in May of 1940, and on May 14 of that year, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed in a bombing. Holthaus died in 1943.

text: The response is missing details about other events that occurred in the 1940s.

refinement: The Netherlands was invaded in May of 1940, and on May 14 of that year, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed in a bombing. Pijper and Holthaus decided to merge their conservatories into one building on Mathenesserlaan, where Holthaus had a branch. The combined conservatories moved again to a big old house that was spared from the bombing and managed to hold day and early evening classes before curfew throughout the remainder of the war. Holthaus died in 1943. He presumably shared director duties with Pijper.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the individuals who had key roles relating to Codarts.

answer: Jos Holthaus was Codarts' predecessor, the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. Willy Hess and Willemij Holthaus and their roles with the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music and German musical and dance traditions are also mentioned. Hauk van der Vliet, a Dutch composer and flautist, is another individual with a key role in the development of Codarts.

text: "Willemij Holthaus" - is incorrect. Change to Willem Pijper.

refinement: Jos Holthaus was Codarts' predecessor, the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. Willy Hess and Willem Pijper and their roles with the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music and German musical and dance traditions are also mentioned. Hauk van der Vliet, a Dutch composer and flautist, is another individual with a key role in the development of Codarts.

text: "Willy Hess and Willem Pijper and their roles with the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music and German musical and dance traditions are also mentioned." - this is incorrect. Pijper had nothing to do with Holthaus Conservatory. Pijper and Hess also had nothing to do with German musical and dance traditions.

refinement: Jos Holthaus was Codarts' predecessor, the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. Hauk van der Vliet, a Dutch composer and flautist, is another individual with a key role in the development of Codarts.

text: "Hauk van der Vliet, a Dutch composer and flautist, is another individual with a key role in the development of Codarts." - this is incorrect. van der Vliet was a product of Codarts.

refinement: Jos Holthaus was Codarts' predecessor, the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music.

text: "Jos Holthaus was Codarts' predecessor, the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music." - the sentence is constructed poorly and doesn't make any sense.

refinement: Codarts can trace its origins to the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music where Jos Holthaus was a director.

text: The response is missing key details about the individuals who helped lay the foundation for Codarts.

refinement: Codarts can trace its origins to the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music (Holthaus Conservatory) where Jos Holthaus was a director. He served as director until his death in 1943. German violinist Willy Hess was a professor at Holthaus in 1886. Codarts can also trace its roots to composer Willem Pijper, the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s as an alternative to Holthaus. Other key individuals were Corrie Hartong, who established the Rotterdam Dance School in 1931, and German dancer Gertrud Leistikow, who was a teacher there.

answer: Jos Holthaus was the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. Willy Hess was a professor there for two years. Willem Pijper was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory and Corrie Hartong was the director of Rotterdam Dance School.

text: The response must include the dates as well to help establish the earliest roots of Codarts. Missing a few details about Holthaus, Hess, Pijper, and others.

refinement: Jos Holthaus was the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943. The German violinist, Willy Hess, was a professor there in 1886 and stayed for two years. The composer, Willem Pijper, was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s. The Rotterdam Dance School was established in 1931 by Corrie Hartong as director and the German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher.

answer:
Jos Holthaus was the original director of the music school. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught at the school.
Willem Pijper was the director of the school. Corrie Hartong also had a significance role in the history of Codarts. Jan Hogstad was a builder who was responsible for constructing Codarts.

text: "Jos Holthaus was the original director of the music school. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught at the school." - this part of the response needs to be more precise due to the other conservatories and schools involved.

refinement:
Jos Holthaus served as the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught there in 1886.
Willem Pijper was the director of the school. Corrie Hartong also had a significance role in the history of Codarts. Jan Hogstad was a builder who was responsible for constructing Codarts.

text: "Willem Pijper was the director of the school." - this is incorrect. Pijper was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s.

refinement:
Jos Holthaus served as the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught there in 1886.
The composer, Willem Pijper, was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s as an alternative to Holthaus. Corrie Hartong also had a significance role in the history of Codarts. Jan Hogstad was a builder who was responsible for constructing Codarts.

text: "Corrie Hartong also had a significance role in the history of Codarts." - the response is missing details about Hartong and Liestikow.

refinement:
Jos Holthaus served as the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught there in 1886.
The composer, Willem Pijper, was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s as an alternative to Holthaus. The Rotterdam Dance School was established in 1931 by Corrie Hartong as director and the German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher. Jan Hogstad was a builder who was responsible for constructing Codarts.

text: "Jan Hogstad was a builder who was responsible for constructing Codarts." - Jan Hogstad is incorrect. It's Jan Hoogstad. This section is also irrelevant because he wasn't established as the builder responsible for constructing Codarts. This should be deleted.

refinement:
Jos Holthaus served as the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943. Willy Hess was the German violinist who taught there in 1886.
The composer, Willem Pijper, was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s as an alternative to Holthaus. The Rotterdam Dance School was established in 1931 by Corrie Hartong as director and the German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher.

answer: Codarts was originally established by the merger of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music and the Rotterdam Dance Academy. The Conservatory offers bachelor degree programs in several musical and dance disciplines, while the Dance Academy primarily trains dancers. Codarts is also home to the Havo voor Muziek en Dans, a secondary school education program. Notable alumni of Codarts include Ike Moriz and Willemijn Verkaik.

text: The response is incorrect and failed to answer the question. Everything should be deleted and replaced with the individuals responsible for Codarts.

refinement: The individuals who had key roles to play in what Codarts is today would be Jos Holthaus, who was the director of Rotterdam Conservatory of Music (Holthaus Conservatory) until his death in 1943. German violinist Willy Hess was a professor at Holthaus in 1886 and stayed there for two years. The composer Willem Pijper was the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s (as an alternative to Holthaus). The Rotterdam Dance School was established by Corrie Hartong and German dancer Gertrud Leistikow as a teacher in 1931. Hartong served as its director until 1961 and was also one of the teachers until 1967.

answer:
The Rotterdam Conservatory voor Muziek was founded in 1886. The Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium was founded in 1930. During World War II the two conservatories merged and moved to a new location. In 1986 the Conservatory and Dance Academy became the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam (Rotterdam University of Music and Theatre). Codarts - hogeschool voor de kunsten was founded in 2000. The school offers courses in music, dance, and circus arts.

The key individuals involved in Codarts are its founders and directors, Jos Holthaus and Willem Pijper, and its current director, Corrie Hartong. Other notable alumni include Ike Moriz, Willemijn Verkaik, and Henk van der Vliet.

text: "During World War II the two conservatories merged and moved to a new location. In 1986 the Conservatory and Dance Academy became the Hogeschool voor Muziek en Theater Rotterdam (Rotterdam University of Music and Theatre). Codarts - hogeschool voor de kunsten was founded in 2000. The school offers courses in music, dance, and circus arts." - irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: The Rotterdam Conservatory voor Muziek was founded in 1886. The Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium was founded in 1930. The key individuals involved in Codarts are its founders and directors, Jos Holthaus and Willem Pijper, and its current director, Corrie Hartong. Other notable alumni include Ike Moriz, Willemijn Verkaik, and Henk van der Vliet.

text: "Other notable alumni include Ike Moriz, Willemijn Verkaik, and Henk van der Vliet." - these people are irrelevant. This part should be removed.

refinement: The Rotterdam Conservatory voor Muziek was founded in 1886. The Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium was founded in 1930. The key individuals involved in Codarts are its founders and directors, Jos Holthaus and Willem Pijper, and its current director, Corrie Hartong.

text: "its current director, Corrie Hartong" - Hartong is not the current director of Codarts.

refinement: The Rotterdam Conservatory voor Muziek was founded in 1886. The Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium was founded in 1930. The key individuals involved in Codarts are its founders and directors, Jos Holthaus,  Willem Pijper, and Corrie Hartong.

text: "The Rotterdam Conservatory voor Muziek was founded in 1886." - this is incorrect. The date when the conservatory was founded was never established. "1886" pertains to the year Hess joined the conservatory as a professor. The responses should just be merged to form a more cohesive sentence.

refinement: The key individuals Codarts responsible for Codarts were Jos Holthaus, the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943, Willem Pijper, the director of the Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium founded in the 1930s, and Corrie Hartong.

text: "Rotterdamsch Toonkunst Conservatorium" - use the English version for a more uniform response.

refinement: The key individuals Codarts responsible for Codarts were Jos Holthaus, the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943, Willem Pijper, the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s, and Corrie Hartong.

text: "Corrie Hartong." - the response must indicate what she did.

refinement: The key individuals Codarts responsible for Codarts were Jos Holthaus, the director of the Rotterdam Conservatory of Music until his death in 1943, Willem Pijper, the director of the Rotterdam Musical Arts Conservatory founded in the 1930s, Corrie Hartong, who established the Rotterdam Dance School in 1931 as director, and Gertrud Leistikow as a dance teacher.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the building's different locations.

answer: When Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories merged, they occupied a building on Mathenesserlaan. They then moved to an old house that had survived the bombing. It is presently located in a building next to the Doelen concert hall.

text: The response should include that the conservatories merged during WW2 and occupied a building where Holthaus had a branch.

refinement: When Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories merged during World War II, they occupied a building on Mathenesserlaan where Holthaus had a branch. They then moved to an old house that had survived the bombing. It is presently located in a building next to the Doelen concert hall.

text: "It" is vague and must be replaced with "The school"

refinement: When Pijper's and Holthaus's conservatories merged during World War II, they occupied a building on Mathenesserlaan where Holthaus had a branch. They then moved to an old house that had survived the bombing. The school is presently located in a building next to the Doelen concert hall.

answer: The school first launched in 1886. Its location was destroyed in 1943 and a new one was created. By 1940, they had moved to a new location. The current site was constructed in 2000.

text: "The school first launched in 1886. Its location was destroyed in 1943 and a new one was created. By 1940, they had moved to a new location. The current site was constructed in 2000." - Everything in the response is either incorrect or doesn't make any sense. This needs a full rewrite.

refinement: On May 14, 1940, the buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombing during World War II. They merged with Holthaus conservatory into one building on Mathenesserlaan, where Holthaus had a branch. The combined conservatories soon moved to an old house that was survived the bombing and stayed there for the remainder of the war (and presumably after). In 2000, the school moved to a new, modern building next to the Doelen concert hall under the name Codarts - University of the Arts.

answer: It was built on Mathenesserlaan after the Universities moved. A big old house was used during the war as a makeshift place during ww2. The current building was built in 2000. Codarts holds the Havo voor Muziek en Dans (High School for Music and Dance).

text: "Codarts holds the Havo voor Muziek en Dans (High School for Music and Dance)." - this is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: It was built on Mathenesserlaan after the Universities moved. A big old house was used during the war as a makeshift place during ww2. The current building was built in 2000.

text: The response needs to clarify the part about Mathenesserlaan and moving to the big old house. The dates should be included.

refinement: The buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs on May 14, 1940, during World War II. They merged with Holthaus conservatory, which had a branch in a building on Mathenesserlaan. The combined conservatories soon moved to a big old house that survived the bombing while the war was still raging on. The current building was built in 2000.

text: "The current building was built in 2000." - this is inaccurate. The building wasn't constructed in 2000 - the school moved to the building on this date.

refinement: The buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs on May 14, 1940, during World War II. They merged with Holthaus conservatory, which had a branch in a building on Mathenesserlaan. The combined conservatories soon moved to a big old house that survived the bombing while the war was still raging on. The school moved into its current modern building next to the Doelen concert hall in 2000 under the name Codarts.

answer: The Codarts building is located near the De Doelen concert hall. It has several performance spaces on its fifth floor, with the conservatory and dance studio located on floors below. The building is clad in brick, with the plinth for the use of commercial purposes.

text: "It has several performance spaces on its fifth floor, with the conservatory and dance studio located on floors below. The building is clad in brick, with the plinth for the use of commercial purposes." - this is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: The Codarts building is located near the De Doelen concert hall.

text: The response is missing some details about the other locations.

refinement: The buildings of the dance school and the main building of Pijper's conservatory were destroyed by bombs on May 14, 1940, during World War II. They merged with Holthaus conservatory, which had a branch in a building on Mathenesserlaan. The combined conservatories soon moved to a big old house that survived the bombing while the war was still raging on. In 2000, Codarts moved to a building located near the De Doelen concert hall.

answer: The Codarts building is located next to the De Doelen concert and conference building. The building's plinth is mostly used for commercial purposes while the main floor is used for music and dance classes. The conservatory, dance studios, and classrooms are all found on various floors of the building.


split: train

text:
Birth

Atop a lush green hill sat a medium sized home. It had no servant’s quarters, but it did have a guest house. It had no storage building, but it did have a root cellar. It was no mansion, like those found in the city, but it was definitely a home. In the front door, and into the first door on the left, a slender elf was sleeping in his bed. His long hair pulled into a ponytail to prevent tangles he lay there snoring ever so lightly. His right arm was draped over the body of a pregnant half-elf. Her black hair splayed out everywhere, not unkempt, but not tamed either. Her soft face was half pressed into her pillow. Suddenly, her eyes sprung open. She bolted upright grabbing her belly.

“It’s time.” She rasped quietly, her voice still waking up. The elf next to her jittered a bit and went back to snoring. She shook him, and with her voice returning shouted “IT’S TIME!” The male elf bolted out of the bed, grabbing the dagger under his pillow. He looked around and noticed the woman clutching at her stomach and breathing heavily. He dropped the dagger to the floor and ran out of the room. She slid her feet off of the bed, and sat there for a moment. Gathering her strength she rose out of the bed and over to a place that had been prepared on the floor. A soft mattress and clean clothes were everywhere to be found; a rune glowed on a stone next to the mattress. She touched the rune.

Her husband came running back to the room carrying two basins of water, one was steaming. He set them down next to her. An older elven gentleman walked through the door. His eyes looked a mirror to the eyes of his son standing next to him. A rain drop dripped off the tip of his hooked nose. His silver hair glistened with the sheen of a fresh rain. He turned to his son.

“It’s about time we meet that child of yours.” He said light-heartedly “I’ve never been so excited save the time your mother decided to head to the elven shore.” He nudged his son with his elbow and chuckled. He left the room and returned carrying a hand harp and began to play a soothing melody. The woman on the floor started to look more relaxed.

“I’ve always said Morina, if you relax you feel less pain,” The older gentleman spoke to the woman and then turned to his son, “and if Isolian had paid more attention to his music lessons and less attention to his swordmaster he would be able to help with that.” He winked at his son. He knew that although Isolian was intelligent and capable he never had much talent for music. Isolian just looked at him.

A tall man in dark green robes walked in carrying a bag. He set the bag down next to the woman. He opened the bag and aromatics filled the room. The soft smell of pine and sage only helped the woman relax even more. He spoke softly, while feeling her belly. “It appears that the baby has not turned around, so we should be fine.” He spoke some soft words, holding a mistletoe switch to her stomach. She instantly relaxed and looked pain free. He spoke audibly again to the two other gentlemen.

“I have made her comfortable for the moment, however this baby will be here soon and I will need one of you to help me keep her mind off the pain and on task.” Isolian stepped forward, the older gentleman gestured to him.

“I already helped his mother birth him and his siblings. I have no desire to do that again, but have fun; you’ll be miserable” the old man said jokingly. It was obvious that he was excited about the birth, but a spark of strange reminiscent fear marked his last words.

“Good then, Tilanious,” The unnamed Druid said, “I will need someone to remove the afterbirth to the fields after we are complete.” He shot the old man a playfully serious look. Tilanious’ face dropped until he noticed the joking expression the Druid had.

“Very funny.” He said, as he continued playing the harp.

Morina grunted loudly in pain. The Druid felt her belly again and got everyone into position. He began coaching Morina, telling her when to push and when to breathe. Isolian stood next to her, holding her hand and telling her how well she was doing. Morina screamed and grunted with agony and apprehension. Her face would change from a deep red when she pushed to a ghostly pale between bursts. A few minutes later she screamed like a warrior on the attack. The Druid sat back and smiled. The soft cries of a baby filled the room. He raised the baby to the mother.

“Here he is.” The Druid said. “Your beautiful baby.”

Morina took the child in her arms. His swaddling cloth still covered in fresh blood. Isolian leaned down and looked at the baby’s face.

“He has your eyes.” Isolian said softly, putting a light kiss on Morina’s cheek.

“What should we call him?” She asked him back, smiling at her newborn son.

“Itharious.” He said. It took him no time at all to come up with the name. In his heart, he just knew it was the right choice for his son.

title: Itharious: Birth

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How does the story reflect the experience of childbirth?

answer: This story reflects childbirth as an experience of great pain and apprehension as the baby's birth nears. However, the characters are prepared for this event and work together to ensure that the mother is comfortable, despite the great pain and difficulty of childbirth. The baby is born safely, and given a name.

answer: This story reflects the experience of childbirth in a very dramatic way. The mother goes through immense physical and emotional pain, but luckily is aided by helpful people in her surroundings. The baby is finally born and the parents choose a name for him. It is clear that this experience was an intense and miraculous one.

answer: The partner taking his snoring through to his wakefulness as though it was a dream, is surprising but one that happened in some of the births. How the mother is not usually in control and just out there going on the course predetermined by the process. It is an excruciating pain to the mother and most will recall it forever. The father being interestingly interested the woman makes him better since the only thing the woman can tend to is the birth of her baby. Some men even get to do catch the baby if they wish. The birthing would require a lot of research and expertise before birth in order to meet the expectations of the person delivering the baby. Some information about this particular birthing technique can be found out in the first few moments of the baby crying.

text: The response contains wildly inaccurate information.

refinement: It is an excruciating pain to the mother and most will recall it forever.

text: The response could include more details about the experience of childbirth,

refinement: This story reflects the experience of childbirth in a very dramatic way. It is an excruciating pain to the mother and most will recall it forever, but she is luckily is aided by helpful people in her surroundings. The baby is finally born and the parents choose a name for him. It is clear that this experience was an intense and miraculous one.

answer: The story describes labour in a way that makes it sound special. Morina's experience is painful, but she gets through it. One interesting point if that the aid offered and the important decisions that are made are all done so by male characters, including the name of the child.

text: The response contains a typo.

refinement: The story describes labour in a way that makes it sound special. Morina's experience is painful, but she gets through it. One interesting point is that the aid offered and the important decisions that are made are all done so by male characters, including the name of the child.

answer:
The father named the baby. The doctor held her wrists and guided her breathing through the process. She blessed the mother, who named the baby.
The story seems to take influence from stories about an old religion, including baptism, druid council gathering around the woman in labor, ancestors and spirits who come to form alliances.

text: The response contains inaccurate and made up information.

refinement: The father named the baby. The doctor held her wrists and guided her breathing through the process.

text: The response could include more information on childbirth.

refinement: The father named the baby. The doctor held her wrists and guided her breathing through the process. This story reflects the experience of childbirth in a very dramatic way. It is an excruciating pain to the mother and most will recall it forever.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is unique about the characters in this story?

answer: The main characters in this story are an elven couple expecting their first child. Unlike many other characters in fiction, this couple are quite grounded and level headed. They prepare for the birth of their first child through intelligent planning and preparations which include a Druid who provides comfort during the birth. The baby is named Itharious. Where many stories have fantastical and puzzling names, the parents in this story thoughtfully choose a name that fits the character and their life.

answer: All of them are elven.

text: The response contains misleading information.

answer: Itharious' birth day is unique since elves normally birth their children without the aid of a midwife, but Morina felt the pain was too much. It takes the effort of three other elves to keep Morina calm and on task so the child can be delivered.

text: The response contains information not found in the text.

refinement: The main characters in this story are an elven couple expecting their first child. Unlike many other characters in fiction, this couple are quite grounded and level headed. They prepare for the birth of their first child through intelligent planning and preparations which include a Druid who provides comfort during the birth. The baby is named Itharious. Where many stories have fantastical and puzzling names, the parents in this story thoughtfully choose a name that fits the character and their life.

answer: The characters in this story are unique in that they are elves living far away from the hustle and bustle of city life. Everyone who is involved in the birth is either related to the child or is responsible for the wellbeing of the mother and child, which creates a familial bond within the group. The Druid is able to successfully coach Morina through a difficult when giving birth, while Isolian stays by her side and comforts her, helping her relax and focus. They work together as a team in order to bring this baby into the world.

answer: The story seems to take place in a fantasy setting. The characters are of 'elven' origin and there are some cultural differences that are apparent. The elven way appears to be controlled by men. They play the harp while Morina gives birth and speak about the experience of giving birth as though they know how it feels first-hand.

text: The response contains inaccurate information.

refinement: The story seems to take place in a fantasy setting. The characters are of 'elven' origin and there are some cultural differences that are apparent. The elven way appears to be controlled by men. They play the harp while Morina gives birth.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What allusions to magic does the story make?

answer: There is a glowing stone, which seems to have a magical rune on it placed on the floor of the house in a ceremony area. The room smells of pine and sage which causes relaxation. The woman is told to relax which lessens her pain. The druid uses mistletoe to induce relaxation in his patient.

text: The response contains irrelevant information.

refinement: There is a glowing stone, which seems to have a magical rune on it placed on the floor of the house in a ceremony area. The room smells of pine and sage which causes relaxation. The druid uses mistletoe to induce relaxation in his patient.

answer:
- Mirrors of one's eyes
- Messages of the wind
- A mistletoe switch

text: The response contains irrelevant information.

refinement:
- Messages of the wind
- A mistletoe switch

text: The response contains inaccurate information.

text: The response could use more details from the story.

refinement: There is a glowing stone, which seems to have a magical rune on it placed on the floor of the house in a ceremony area. The room smells of pine and sage which causes relaxation. The druid uses a mistletoe switch to induce relaxation in his patient.

answer: When Morina sits up on her mattress she touches a glowing rune. The harp that the baby's grandfather brings seems to soothe Morina. When the druid arrives he places mistletoe on Morina's belly and that takes away her pain. The druid also brings a bag that is filled with smells that help relax her.

answer: The story makes reference to a Druid and the help of aromatics. Both magic and rituals are used to help Morina through the difficult experience of childbirth. The magic provided by the Druid implies some knowledge of midwifery as well as some innate magical abilities.

answer: The unnamed Druid uses a mistletoe switch to help induce labor and keep the mother relaxed during the birth. Furthermore, the Druid is skilled in magic enough to name Isolian's son, Itharious. The harp-playing of the older gentleman is said to sooth the mother and ease her pain. These examples show that there are magical elements at play.

text: The response contains irrelevant information.

refinement: The unnamed Druid uses a mistletoe switch to help induce labor and keep the mother relaxed during the birth. The harp-playing of the older gentleman is said to sooth the mother and ease her pain. These examples show that there are magical elements at play.


text:
The 2017 HONDURAN CUP was the 12th edition of the Honduran Cup and the third as COPA PRESIDENTE.[1] The cup is a creation of the Honduran government funded by money allocated to national security fund. Its purpose is to support the growth of sport to detract the youth from vices and to promote national tourism for rural towns.

The cup was contested by 64 teams from the top 3 divisions of the country. There were a total of 10 teams from Liga Nacional (1st division), 27 from Liga de Ascenso (2nd division) and 27 from Liga Mayor (3rd division). Unlike the previous tournament which covered two calendar years, this edition was played in 2017 only.

Juticalpa were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the round of 16 by Deportes Savio.

The final was held at Estadio Juan Ramón Brevé Vargas in Juticalpa, Olancho.[2] C.D. Marathón as winners, qualified to the 2017 Honduran Supercup.

Schedule and format

The first round started on 21 January. Unlike the previous editions, no third place match was played and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.[3]

  Round           Date                   Fixtures   Clubs
  --------------- ---------------------- ---------- --------- -------
  First leg       Second leg
  Round of 64     21–22 January          32         64 → 32
  Round of 32     22 February, 7 March   16         32 → 16
  Round of 16     22 March               8          16 → 8
  Quarterfinals   26, 29 March           8          8 → 4
  Semifinals      5 April                19 April   4
  Final           13 May                 1          2 → 1

Round of 64

Round of 32

Round of 16

All round of 16 matches were originally scheduled for 15 March 2017, but were rescheduled to 22 March due to a lack of funding.[4]

Quarterfinals

Unlike previous editions of this tournament, the quarter-finals consisted of single matches instead of two-legged ties.[5]

Semifinals

First legs

Second legs

Final

[1] Tiempo.hn – ¡Tercera Edición de la Copa Presidente, ya tiene fecha de arranque! – 21 December 2016

[2]

[3] DiarioMas.hn – http://www.diariomas.hn/2017/01/05/honduras-ya-conoce-los-cruces-la-copa-presidente-2017/ – 5 January 2016

[4]

[5]

title: 2017 Honduran Cup

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the Honduran Cup created for?

answer: It is a creation of the Honduran government to support the growth of sport to distract from vices and it promotes tourism in rural towns.

answer: It is created for the growth of sport to detract the youth from vices.

answer: The Honduran Cup is created by the government to support the growth of sport to detract the youth from vices and promote national tourism for rural towns.

answer: The Honduran Cup is created for the purpose of supporting the growth of sport to deter youth from vices and promote national tourism in rural towns.

answer: It is created by the Honduran government and funded by money allocated to national security fund.

text: It is omitted that the cup was created to "support the growth of sport to detract the youth from vices and to promote national tourism for rural towns."

refinement: It is created by the Honduran government to promote sport and national tourism for rural towns and detract the youth from vices. It is funded by money allocated to national security fund.

text: That the cup is funded by money allocated to national security fund is unnecessary information.

refinement: It is a cup created by the Honduran government to promote sport and national tourism for rural towns and detract the youth from vices.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the purpose of the Honduran Cup?

answer: The purpose of the cup is to support the growth of sport to detract the youth from vices and to promote national tourism for rural towns.

answer: To support the growth of sport in the country.

text: It is omitted that the Honduran Cup also aims to "detract the youth from vices and to promote national tourism for rural towns."

refinement: To support the growth of sport in the country, detract the youth from vices, and promote national tourism for rural towns.

answer: The Honduran Cup is created by the Honduran government to support the growth of sport and to prevent young people from engaging in vices. The cup is intended to promote national tourism in rural towns.

text: "Also" is missing in the second sentence to indicate additional information.

refinement: The Honduran Cup is created by the Honduran government to support the growth of sport and to prevent young people from engaging in vices. The cup is also intended to promote national tourism in rural towns.

answer: The cup is a creation of the Honduran government for the sake of supporting the growth of sport for the sake of keeping youth from vices and promoting national tourism for rural towns.

text: The phrase "for the sake of" is repeated.

refinement: The cup is a creation of the Honduran government for the sake of supporting the growth of sport, keeping youth from vices and promoting national tourism for rural towns.

answer: The Honduran Cup is created by the Honduran government in order to support the growth of sport in the country and to divert youth from vices. Its purpose is to promote national tourism for rural towns.

text: Promoting tourism is not the only purpose of the cup; the second sentence needs to be rephrased to make this clear.

refinement: The Honduran Cup is created by the Honduran government in order to support the growth of sport in the country and to divert youth from vices. Another purpose of the cup is to promote national tourism for rural towns.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many teams was the Honduran Cup contested by?

answer: 64 teams competed in the Honduran Cup.

answer: The Honduran Cup was contested by 64 teams from the top 3 divisions of the country.

answer: There were 64 teams competing in the cup.

answer: 64 teams

answer: The Honduran Cup was contested by 64 teams.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was different from the previous editions of the Honduran Cup in 2017?

answer: The 2017 Honduran Cup consisted of single matches instead of two-legged ties in the quarterfinals and semifinals.

text: "Semifinals" should be removed. "The quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties" is evidence that it is just the quarterfinals.

refinement: The 2017 Honduran Cup consisted of single matches instead of two-legged ties in the quarterfinals.

text: It is omitted that no third place match was played.

refinement: The 2017 Honduran Cup consisted of single matches instead of two-legged ties in the quarterfinals, and no third place match was played.

answer: In this round, there was no third place match and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

text: The phrase "this round" is inaccurate. It's the whole 2017 Honduran Cup that's being discussed, not a particular round of the competition.

refinement: In the 2017 Honduran Cup, there was no third place match and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

text: Comma is needed after "match."

refinement: In the 2017 Honduran Cup, there was no third place match, and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

answer: Unlike previous editions of the Honduran Cup, this year's tournament consisted of 64 teams from the top 3 divisions of the country competing in single matches for a spot in the final instead of two-legged ties.

text: It is unnecessary to include in the answer that there are 64 teams from the top 3 divisions of the country.

refinement: Unlike previous editions of the Honduran Cup, in this year's tournament, teams compete in single matches for a spot in the final instead of two-legged ties.

text: "This year's tournament" should be replaced with "the 2017 Honduran Cup" to avoid ambiguity.

refinement: Unlike previous editions, in the 2017 Honduran Cup, teams compete in single matches for a spot in the final instead of two-legged ties.

text: Another thing that's different is that "no third place match was played."

refinement: Unlike previous editions, in the 2017 Honduran Cup, teams compete in single matches for a spot in the final instead of two-legged ties. Also, no third place match was played.

answer: No three-place match was played and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

text: "Three-place" is a typo.

refinement: No third-place match was played and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

text: A comma is needed after "played."

refinement: No third-place match was played, and the quarterfinals were single matches instead of two-legged ties.

answer: Unlike the previous editions, no third-place match was played and the quarter-final matches were single fixtures.

text: A comma is needed after "played."

refinement: Unlike the previous editions, no third-place match was played, and the quarter-final matches were single fixtures.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The significance of the Honduran Cup was described and the results of the 2017 Honduran Cup were discussed.

answer: 2017 Honduran Cup is a tournament with 64 teams held by the Honduran government to promote sport participation in the community and to provide funding for national tourism for rural towns and towns with little tourism.

text: The article just mentions that the cup promotes national tourism for rural towns, not towns with little tourism.

refinement: 2017 Honduran Cup is a tournament with 64 teams held by the Honduran government to promote sport participation in the community and to provide funding for national tourism for rural towns and towns with little tourism.

text: The article did not mention that the cup aims to provide funding for tourism but to "promote national tourism for rural towns."

refinement: 2017 Honduran Cup is a tournament with 64 teams held by the Honduran government to promote sport participation in the community and national tourism for rural towns and towns with little tourism.

answer: This article is about the 12th Honduran cup, a soccer tournament held in 2017.

answer: The 2017 HONDURAN CUP was contested by 64 teams from the top 3 divisions of the country. There were 10 teams from Liga Nacional, 27 from Liga de Ascenso, and 27 from Liga Mayor. The cup was won by C.D. Marathón.

answer: The 2017 HONDURAN CUP was competed by 64 teams from Honduras' various leagues. The cup is sponsored by the Honduran government and aims to promote sport for youth while deterring vice. The final was won by CD. Marathón.

text: The initials lack a period.

refinement: The 2017 HONDURAN CUP was competed by 64 teams from Honduras' various leagues. The cup is sponsored by the Honduran government and aims to promote sport for youth while deterring vice. The final was won by C. D. Marathón.


text:
NEW LEFT 95 (Abbreviated: NK95 ) is a group of Lithuanian intellectuals and activists who launched their activities on 1 May 2007 with the declaration ‘New Left 95 Manifesto’, which brought together individual arguments on sociopolitical and cultural issues from the newer leftist perspective into the joint political stance of NK95. The preparation of the manifesto was coordinated by Dr Andrius Bielskis, a political philosopher with a PhD from Warwick University, who had returned to Lithuania after a lengthy spell of study and academic work in the UK in the summer of 2006.

During his presentation at the annual conference organized by “Santara Šviesa,” a mainstream liberal organization set up originally in the US by Valdas Adamkus, a former President of Lithuania, Andrius Bielskis urged for debate and political action to undo unjust political and social practices in Lithuania. The audience was left generally perplexed, but some younger participants, graduates of the Institute of Political Science and International Relations (TSPMI) in Vilnius, were inspired.

Already by December 2005 a group of Lithuanian university students along with a few other activists involved in the protest against the encroachment of privatization in public spaces in Vilnius (e.g. the movie theatre “Lietuva”) gathered at TSPMI for a conference where the Vilnius Leftist Club Manifesto was signed. This action paved a way for the initial consolidation of leftist activists.

During the autumn and winter 2006/2007, people from the two groups, joined by activists from other left-leaning groups and NGOs, came together, forming the core of the present day NK95. The final consolidation of the group came in June 2007, when the first NK95 conference was organized and set the tone for the further development. During the period of formation a virtual, email list based, organizational form was adopted as the most suitable for the formed community of practice.

The group now lists around 35/40 activists who each extend the reach of NK95 to many other groups and formally established organizations in Vilnius and other cities, thus sustaining a nationwide network for New Left public actions that are organized and coordinated by self-appointed and group-approved initiators of individual actions on an ad hoc basis which may involve also organizational gatherings, if required.

The main forms of action undertaken by NK95 activists are: formal statements (letters of opposition or support, declarations, signed public statements, group petitions or other group statements) and communications with a wider audience (press releases, posters, interviews, website, etc.).

The main objective of NK95, outside the most obvious, the popularization of the 45 theses of the NK95 manifesto, is to galvanize the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values and ideas, with the hope that sooner or later the whole political mindset and with it political practice will shift leftwards, given the unforgiving social and political reality which demands a new left approach and ideas.

Thus, the group actively promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a broader socially progressive agenda (e.g. gay rights). In order to achieve this aim two strategies are employed: 1) stirring up the debate by individual or group texts (mainly channeled through Internet news portals which allow more freedom of expression for non-staff writers as comparing to traditional media which are too corrupt), 2) organizing PR campaigns by indirect actions getting media and commentators involved in the cycle of self-denial, which helps to raise publicity for a particular issue. Another strategy for action which is being considered is organizing educational events, such as seminars, conferences or evening classes for the general public, where academic potential of NK is and can be tapped.

The first two pilot events organized under the banner of “New Left audience” featured Dr Kelvin Knight (London Metropolitan University, Britain) and Mr Svenn Arne Lie (Bergen University, Norway) as the main speakers, showing the potential of such form of public action because of the enormous interest received not only from the Lithuanian leftist organizations but also from the general public. Being aware of the limitations that any voluntary social formation faces as well as being dependent solely on individual goodwill and contribution of its members, NK95 has taken a course towards establishing international contacts at the international scene in order to be able to sustain its activism on the basis of co-sharing of resources via contact network. For that reason the Manifesto has been translated into German, English and French and contacts have been established with intellectuals from the UK and Norway as the first step towards the rebirth of the international New Left.

title: New Left 95

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how people can join the New Left 95?

answer: People can join the New Left 95 by attending meetings and conferences, by signing the manifesto, and by joining other leftist organizations and NGOs.

text: The text doesn't explicitly say how people can join New Left 95.

refinement: The text doesn't explicitly say how people can join New Left 95.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The article provided some "expressions of interest". People can also join by coming together with other like-minded individuals. The group invites new members off as they see benefit to the movement.

text: The text doesn't explicitly say how people can join New Left 95.

refinement: The text doesn't explicitly say how people can join New Left 95.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The text does not say how people can join the New Left 95.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the main objective of the New Left 95?

answer: The main objective of the New Left 95 is to galvanize the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values and ideas. They hope that the political mindset and with it political practice will shift leftwards, given the unforgiving social and political reality.

answer: The narrative states that the group aims to emphatically bridge the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values, with the expectation to shifting the whole political stance and political practice left. The zeal for this perspective comes from the political and social reality and unyielding ambition for most members of the NK95.

text: "shifting" - replace with "shift"

refinement: The narrative states that the group aims to emphatically bridge the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values, with the expectation to shift the whole political stance and political practice left. The zeal for this perspective comes from the political and social reality and unyielding ambition for most members of the NK95.

answer: The NK95 intends to emphatically bridge the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values, with the expectation to shifting the whole political stance and political practice left. The zeal for this perspective comes from the political and social reality and unyielding ambitions of most members of the NK95.

answer: The main objective of the New Left 95 is to galvanize the political life in Lithuania by bringing to the fore of public debate leftist political values and ideas, with the hope that sooner or later the whole political mindset and with it political practice will shift leftwards. The group actively promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a broader socially progressive agenda.

answer: The main objective of NK95 is to bring to the forefront leftist political values and ideas with the hope that the political and social mindset in Lithuania will shift leftwards. They want to encourage debate among people and decision makers. The group supports social justice, equality, individual, and collective emancipation. They care deeply about eradicating injustice and encouraging human rights.

text: "decision makers" - add a hyphen.

refinement: The main objective of NK95 is to bring to the forefront leftist political values and ideas with the hope that the political and social mindset in Lithuania will shift leftwards. They want to encourage debate among people and decision-makers. The group supports social justice, equality, individual, and collective emancipation. They care deeply about eradicating injustice and encouraging human rights.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the group's values?

answer: The group actively promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a broader socially progressive agenda.

text: Add that the group has leftist political values and ideas.

refinement: While the group has leftist political values and ideas, they also actively promote the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a broader socially progressive agenda.

answer: NK95 stands for a group that was formed in Lithuania of intellectually active people. Their main objectives are social justice, equality, and individual liberation. They also support a broader socially progressive agenda, such as gay rights. They believe in doing things for the people and stand for things like the common people and any efforts made to better their lives.

text: "NK95 stands for a group that was formed in Lithuania of intellectually active people." - this is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: Their main objectives are social justice, equality, and individual liberation. They also support a broader socially progressive agenda, such as gay rights. They believe in doing things for the people and stand for things like the common people and any efforts made to better their lives.

text: "They believe in doing things for the people and stand for things like the common people and any efforts made to better their lives" - extraneous information.

refinement: Their main objectives are social justice, equality, and individual liberation. They also support a broader socially progressive agenda, such as gay rights.

text: Add the missing core values of NK95.

refinement: NK95 has leftist political values and ideas. They actively promote the values of social justice, equality, and individual liberation. They also support a broader socially progressive agenda, such as gay rights.

answer: As part of the preparation of their manifesto, NK95 seeks to galvanize the political life in Lithuania by bringing the issues of leftist political values and ideas to public debate. NK95 promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a larger socially progressive agenda.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: NK95 promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, as well as supporting a larger socially progressive agenda.

answer: The group has two main objectives: to bring leftist political values and ideas to the forefront of public debate, and to galvanize the political life in Lithuania by shifting the political mindset to the left. The group promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, and supporting a broader socially progressive agenda.

text: Extraneous information.

refinement: The group promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, and supporting a broader socially progressive agenda.

text: "supporting" - change to "supports"

refinement: The group promotes the values of social justice, equality, individual and collective emancipation, and supports a broader socially progressive agenda.


text:
Apple Ginger Squares, Bamboo & White Grapefruit, Beach Towels, Black Irish (new in wax melts), Broken Wings, Cashmere Mist, Coconut Cream Pie, Coffee Ice Cream, Cucumber Melon, Desert Moon, Egyptian Dragon (back by popular demand), Fresh Air, Irish Cream Coffee, Island Teakwood, Lavender Vanilla, Rootbeer, Smarty Pants (back by popular demand), Sugar Milk, Sugared Oranges, Summer Citrus, and Twisted Lemon

PLEASE NOTE:  Not all fragrances are available in every product.  Please check each product for scent availability.  Some of the fragrances will be added to more products as we have time to make them.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SCENT OF THE MONTH
(website only)
Cactus & Sea Salt -- one of our best sellers!  A very fresh and clean scent....green cactus mingled with ocean air, sea spray, driftwood, and sea moss

Save 25% on select products in this scent during the month of June.  You MUST purchase these items from the sale page in order to receive the discount.  Click here.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

MONTHLY SPECIAL
(website only)
Lip Balms -- only $2.50 each during the month of June.  They are already marked down for your convenience.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

NEW SOAPS
Cactus & Sea Salt, Dark Winter, and Orange Peel are now available (I still have to photograph them, so images coming soon).  Indian Sandalwood and Spiced Patchouli will be available in a couple of weeks.....so stay tuned!  I'll post on our Facebook page when they're ready.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION
As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures.  We will resume offering them sometime in September when things cool back down a bit.

Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different.

We have lots of new customers and facebook followers, so first and foremost, thank you and welcome! :)  Wanted to make sure you were all aware of our "Buy More & Save" Bundles.  You can find them on our website here, and in our Etsy shop here.  These specials are available every day!  For those of you who are wanting to try out our wax melts for the first time, we have a daily special ((choose any 13 singles for just $12.00)) --  you can find them on our website here, and in our Etsy shop here.  Hope to see you soon! :)

We do plan on having a few small sales throughout the month that will only be posted on our Facebook page, so make sure you follow us!!  You can find us here.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ETSY SHOP CUSTOMERS
Special just for you during the month of June -- take $3.00 off any purchase of $20 or more (before shipping is added).  Simply enter coupon code TDCJUNE3 in the coupon box at checkout.  May not be combined with any other offers.  Only one coupon code allowed per order.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Well, that about wraps up this monthly session.  You're always welcome to email us or contact us via Facebook or through Etsy.  No matter how you find us, we're happy to hear from you with any questions or comments.  If you're feeling frisky and happy with your past orders, we invite you to take a moment and leave feedback on our website for other customers to view.  You can find the link here.  Simply click on "add a message" at the top of the page.  Thank you!

As always, we appreciate your business!
Ken & Amber
tendigitcreations@comcast.net
Our Website
Our Etsy Shop

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the text about?

answer: The text is about a textile company's June promotions and new products. There are discounts on select products, discounts on lip balms, the scent of the month, new soaps available, and refunds for Etsy shop customers. There are also sale bundles and specials for wax melts.

text: There's no information in the article that would imply the shop is a textile company.

refinement: The text is about a company's June promotions and new products. There are discounts on select products, discounts on lip balms, the scent of the month, new soaps available, and refunds for Etsy shop customers. There are also sale bundles and specials for wax melts.

text: There are no refunds mentioned for Etsy customers. There's, however, a discount.

refinement: The text is about a company's June promotions and new products. There are discounts on select products, discounts on lip balms, the scent of the month, new soaps available, and discounts for Etsy shop customers. There are also sale bundles and specials for wax melts.

text: Discounts: "Save 25% on select products in this scent during the month of June."

text: "SCENT OF THE MONTH"

text: "NEW SOAPS"

text: Bundles: "Wanted to make sure you were all aware of our 'Buy More & Save' Bundles."

answer: It is about the text from a candle store's email.

text: The answer is too vague and not helpful.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: It's an email that talks about new fragrances available for body waxes, wax melts, etc. The scent of the month is mentioned, as well as monthly specials. There's a discount for Etsy customers and an announcement that whipped body butters won't be available during summer due to heat.

answer: The text is made for the clients of an Etsy store operated by Ken and amber, it contains a list of items being sold, some updates regarding changes in the formulation and availability of certain goods, as well as a note welcoming new members and telling them about some deals.

text: The answer is too vague. It should mention some specifics about the topics it includes.

refinement: The text is made for the clients of an Etsy store operated by Ken and amber, it contains a list of items being sold like scented wax melts, an update regarding changes in the formula of a product due to supplier change and unavailability of whipped body butters due to summer heat, as well as a note welcoming new members and telling them about some deals.

answer: The text is about new products, sales, fragrance scents, and special offers related to Tendigit Creations products.

text: The answer is too vague. It should mention some specifics about the topics it includes.

refinement: The text is about new products, sales, fragrance scents, and special offers related to Tendigit Creations products. There are new fragrances available, a 25% reduction in the scent of the month, a monthly special on lip balms, and new soaps available. The text also announces that the whipped body butters won't be sold during summer due to heat.

answer: The text is about a monthly update e-mail from a business about their products.

text: The answer is too vague. It should mention some specifics about the topics it includes.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: It's an email that talks about new fragrances available for body waxes, wax melts, etc. The scent of the month is mentioned, as well as monthly specials. There's a discount for Etsy customers and an announcement that whipped body butters won't be available during summer due to heat.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What item has changed formulation?

answer: The Honeysuckle will change in formulation due to the oil supplier going out of business.

text: "Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different."

answer: Honeysuckle

text: "Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different."

answer: Honeysuckle oil.

text: "Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different."

answer: Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section. Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back. The formula for the wax melts will be different.

text: Honeysuckle is not a wax melt.

refinement: Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section. Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back. The formula will be different.

text: The answer shouldn't be written from the perspective of the text's writer.

refinement: Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section. Their supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back. The formula will be different.

text: "Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different."

answer: The Honeysuckle oil has gone out of business, and its formula will be different.

text: "Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section.  Our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back.  We bought up several pounds at the time, but have finally come down to the end.  We are currently in the process of testing new ones, so we hope to have a replacement soon.  Just know that the formula will be different."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What items will have a change in availability?

answer: The only items that will have a change in availability are the Whipped Body Butters, which will not be available for purchase from June - August due to the hot summer temperatures.

text: "As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures."

answer: Body butter.

text: The item's full name is Whipped Body Butter.

text: "As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures."

answer: Whipped Body Butters will not be available for the months of June to August due to the summer heat. They will be available sometime in September.

text: "As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures. We will resume offering them sometime in September when things cool back down a bit. "

answer: Whipped Body Butter is unavailable due to the summer temperatures.

text: "As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures."

answer: The Whipped Body Butter will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures. Honeysuckle has been moved to the wax melt clearance section because our supplier for this oil went out of business a little while back. New soaps Cactus & Sea Salt, Dark Winter, and Orange Peel are now available, and Indian Sandalwood and Spiced Patchouli will be available in a few weeks.

text: The question asks for upcoming changes in availability, not for newly available products, etc.

refinement: The Whipped Body Butter will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures.

text: The date should be "...from June to August..."

refinement: The Whipped Body Butter will not be available for purchase from June to August due to the hot summer temperatures.

text: "As a reminder, our Whipped Body Butters will not be available for purchase June - August due to the hot summer temperatures."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What kinds of products are being sold in the store?

answer: Aqua fragrances and body care items.

text: Aqua fragrances isn't a category mentioned in the text.

text: There are other kinds of items mentioned in the text.

refinement: Body care items. Whipped Body Butters. Lip balms and wax melts, soaps, and more.

answer: The store sells bath and body products, including soap, lotions, and wax melts.

text: Wax Melts: "Apple Ginger Squares, Bamboo & White Grapefruit, Beach Towels, Black Irish (new in wax melts)..."

text: Body products: Lip balms and soaps are mentioned.

answer: The store is selling a variety of soaps, body products, scents, and more.

text: Wax Melts: "Apple Ginger Squares, Bamboo & White Grapefruit, Beach Towels, Black Irish (new in wax melts)..."

text: Body products: Lip balms and soaps are mentioned.

answer: The store sells bath and body products, including soaps, bath melts, and lip balms.

text: Wax Melts: "Apple Ginger Squares, Bamboo & White Grapefruit, Beach Towels, Black Irish (new in wax melts)..."

text: Body products: Lip balms and soaps are mentioned.

answer: While the product names are given, they are not very descriptive of what they specifically are. It is likely that these are soaps, lotions, and other types of body-care implements.

text: The answer is needlessly confusing.

refinement: Some product names are given. These are soaps, lotions, and other types of body-care implements.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The owner of a perfume store explains that they will not sell some of their fragrances (including honeysuckle) and explains the current sales being offered.

text: The honeysuckle will change suppliers. It's won't be unavailable.

refinement: The owner of a perfume store explains that they will not sell some of their fragrances and explains the current sales being offered.

text: The item mentioned that won't be sold is just the Whipped Body Butters, and that's due to summer heat.

refinement: The owner of a perfume store explains that they will not sell Whipped Body Butters due to summer heat and explains the current sales being offered.

text: The store isn't a perfume store; its type isn't mentioned.

refinement: The owner of a store explains that they will not sell Whipped Body Butters due to summer heat and explains the current sales being offered.

text: The answer can include a few examples of the items on sale.

refinement: The owner of a store explains that they will not sell Whipped Body Butters due to summer heat and explains the current sales being offered, such as lip balms, soaps, and wax melts.

answer: The author shares new releases for the month of June, including a special sale for Threaded Creation customers.

text: The answer is too vague and not helpful.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The owner of a store explains that they will not sell Whipped Body Butters due to summer heat and explains the current sales being offered, such as lip balms, soaps, and wax melts.

answer: Tendigit Creations is releasing new soap, bath and body products for June. The scent of the month is Cactus & Sea Salt. There is also an ongoing sale on lip balms. New scents include Dark Winter, Orange Peel, Indian Sandalwood and Spiced Patchouli.

text: The answer is too long given that the question asks for a single sentence summary. The first sentence can be kept while the rest of the answer is mostly cut and consolidated into the first sentence.

refinement: Tendigit Creations is releasing new soap, bath and body products for June; the scent of the month is Cactus & Sea Salt, and there's an ongoing sale for lip balms.

text: Missing Oxford comma.

refinement: Tendigit Creations is releasing new soap, bath, and body products for June; the scent of the month is Cactus & Sea Salt, and there's an ongoing sale for lip balms.

text: Soap, bath, and body products: There are wax melts, soaps, lip balms, and body butter mentioned.

answer: Ken & Amber updates customers on the availability and changes of some products as well as welcoming new ones by making them informed about the store's bundles.

text: The answer is too vague and not helpful.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: The owner of a store explains that they will not sell Whipped Body Butters due to summer heat and explains the current sales being offered, such as lip balms, soaps, and wax melts.

answer: The Tendigit Creations Etsy shop has new soaps, a sale on lip balms, and June specials. There are also new scents and lip balm flavors.

text: The question asks for a single sentence summary, and the answer can be consolidated into a single sentence.

refinement: The Tendigit Creations Etsy shop has new soaps, a sale on lip balms, and June specials, as well as new scents and lip balm flavors.

text: Soap, bath, and body products: There are wax melts, soaps, lip balms, and body butter mentioned.