text:
[Krishna Raju (left) and Salim Ali (1975)] K. S. R. KRISHNA RAJU (11 March 1948 – 22 July 2002) was an Indian ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali.[1][2] His studies provided weight to the Satpura hypothesis proposed by Sunder Lal Hora that the Eastern Ghats was part of a former continuum of habitats between the northeast of India and the Western Ghats with affinities to those in Southeast Asia. A subspecies of Abbott's babbler, _Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui_, discovered around Visakhapatnam Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, was named in his honour, “for his efforts to promote the survey and conservation of the natural resources of the Eastern Ghats.”[3][4][5]

Biography

Krishna Raju was born on 11 March 1948 to K.V.V. Gopala Raju and Sita Devi. He was a brother of the journalist K. N. Y. Patanjali.

Raju joined the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) as a field biologist at Point Calimere and worked with S. A. Hussain[6] and was a pioneering Indian bird ringer.[7] In 1971, he set up a bird banding camp at Lambasingi village in the Eastern ghats of Andhra Pradesh where, he along with Selvin Justus discovered the presence of the little spiderhunter a species then known to be isolated in the Western Ghats and found again only in northeastern India and Southeast Asia.[8]

In 1975, Raju joined a team of BNHS members on a study expedition in the Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam. In 1981 and again in 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for short collection trips. During these trips, they mist-netted an Abbott's babbler, a species the known only from north-east in India and Southeast Asia. This relict population was found to be distinctive and was described as a subspecies that named was after Krishna Raju by Bruce Beehler and Dillon Ripley as _Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui_. This was yet another species that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis suggested by the Indian zoologist Sunder Lal Hora to explain the faunal similarities of Peninsular India and that of Southeast Asia.[9]

Raju continued his efforts in conservation of the Eastern ghats through his publishing efforts until his death.[10]

Publications

Krishna Raju's publications include:

-   -   -   -   -

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

title: K. S. R. Krishna Raju

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What age did Krishna Raju live until?

answer: Raju lived until the age of 52.

text: Since Raju died in July 2002 and was born in March 1948, he was 54 when he died.

answer: 45.

text: Since Raju died in July 2002 and was born in March 1948, he was 54 when he died.

answer: 54

text: Since Raju died in July 2002 and was born in March 1948 ("11 March 1948 – 22 July 2002"), he was 54 when he died.

answer: Krishna Raju died in 2002 while he was 48 years old.

text: Since Raju died in July 2002 and was born in March 1948 ("11 March 1948 – 22 July 2002"), he was 54 when he died.

refinement: Krishna Raju died in 2002 while he was 54 years old.

answer: Krishna Raju lived until his death on 22 July 2002 at the age of 54.

text: Since Raju died in July 2002 and was born in March 1948 ("11 March 1948 – 22 July 2002"), he was 54 when he died.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Krishna Raju primarily known for?

answer: He is aninorist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists. His studies provided weight to the Satpura hypothesis that the Eastern Ghats was part of a former continuum of habitats between the northeast of India and the Western Ghats with affinities to those in Southeast Asia.

text: The term "aninorist" appears to be a fabrication.

refinement: He is an ornnithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists. His studies provided weight to the Satpura hypothesis that the Eastern Ghats was part of a former continuum of habitats between the northeast of India and the Western Ghats with affinities to those in Southeast Asia.

answer: Krishna Raju is primarily known for his work with avifaunal surveys, bird ringing, and collaborating with other ornithologists.

text: Does not mention his contributions to the Satpura hypothesis.

refinement: Krishna Raju is primarily known for his work with avifaunal surveys, bird ringing, and collaborating with other ornithologists. His findings also leant credence to the Satpura hypothesis proposed by Sunder La Hora.

answer: He was an ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam.

text: Answer is not specific about his explouts.

refinement: He was an ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists.

text: Could mention his contributions to the Satpura hypothesis.

refinement: He was an ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists. His findings also leant credence to the Satpura hypothesis.

answer: Raju found a subspecies Abbott's babbler, named Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui after him for his efforts in the survey and conservation of the natural resources of Eastern Ghats.

text: This specific example possibly does not encompass what he is best known for.

refinement: Raju found a subspecies Abbott's babbler, named Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui after him for his efforts in the survey and conservation of the natural resources of Eastern Ghats. He is known for his extensive work in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam and for lending credence to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: "A subspecies of Abbott's babbler, _Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui_, discovered around Visakhapatnam Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, was named in his honour" is evidence that a species of babbler was named after him.

answer: Krishna Raju is primarily known for his work in the Eastern Ghats and contributing to the Satpura hypothesis. Raju conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds, and collaborated with other ornithologists, including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali. The subspecies of Abbott's babbler, _Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui_, named after him, provided weight to the Satpura hypothesis that Eastern Ghats was part of an old continuum of habitats between the northeast of India and the Western Ghats with affinities to those in Southeast Asia.

text: The third sentence can be simplified significantly.

refinement: Krishna Raju is primarily known for his work in the Eastern Ghats and contributing to the Satpura hypothesis. Raju conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds, and collaborated with other ornithologists, including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali. A subspecies of Abbott's babbler was also named after him for his efforts to conserve the resources of the Eastern Ghats.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything to do with Dillon Ripley.

answer: Raju joined a BNHS expedition in the Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam in 1975.In 1981 and 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for collection trips. The team mist netted an Abottt's babbler, a species only known to live in the northeast of India and Southeast Asia. This relict Mallocincla abbotti krishnarajui population was named after Krishna Raju for his efforts to promote the survey and conservation of the natural resources of the Eastern Ghats. The discovered gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: The first sentence does not pertain to Ripley.

refinement: In 1981 and 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for collection trips. The team mist netted an Abottt's babbler, a species only known to live in the northeast of India and Southeast Asia. This relict Mallocincla abbotti krishnarajui population was named after Krishna Raju for his efforts to promote the survey and conservation of the natural resources of the Eastern Ghats. The discovered gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: The third and fourth sentence do not relate to Ripley.

refinement: In 1981 and 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for collection trips. The team mist netted an Abottt's babbler, a species only known to live in the northeast of India and Southeast Asia.

text: Spelling (Abott) and hyphenation (mist-netted)

refinement: In 1981 and 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for collection trips. The team mist-netted an Abott's babbler, a species only known to live in the northeast of India and Southeast Asia.

text: Does not mention that Dillon Ripley helped name the species.

refinement: In 1981 and 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for collection trips. The team mist-netted an Abott's babbler, a species only known to live in the northeast of India and Southeast Asia. Dillon Ripley, along with Bruce Beehler, named this species Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui, after Raju.

answer: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist and explorer who collaborated with Krishna Raju in Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam in 1975. During this expedition, Raju helped describe an Abbott's Babbler species that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: The second sentence is focused on Raju rather than Ripley.

refinement: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist and explorer who collaborated with Krishna Raju in Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam in 1975. During this expedition, Raju hand Ripley discovered an Abbott's Babbler species that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: Does not mention that Dillon Ripley helped name the species.

refinement: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist and explorer who collaborated with Krishna Raju in Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam in 1975. During this expedition, Raju hand Ripley discovered an Abbott's Babbler species that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis. Dillon Ripley, along with Bruce Beehler, named this species Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui, after Raju.

answer: He collaborated with Krishna Raju. Along with Krishna Raju and Salim Ali, he went on short collection trips in 1981 and 1983. During those trips, they found a distinctive species of babbler, which he named after Krishna Raju.

answer: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna Raju in the Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam where they separately discovered an unusual population of the Abbott's babbler subspecies. Ripley also participated in short collection trips with Raju in 1981 and 1983.

text: There is no evidence that they discovered the subspecies separately.

refinement: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna Raju in the Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam where they discovered an unusual population of the Abbott's babbler subspecies. Ripley also participated in short collection trips with Raju in 1981 and 1983.

text: Doesn't mention the naming of the species.

refinement: Dillon Ripley was an ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna Raju in the Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam where they discovered an unusual population of the Abbott's babbler subspecies, which Ripley named after Raju. Ripley also participated in short collection trips with Raju in 1981 and 1983.

answer: Some of Raju's studies provided evidence in favor of the Satpura hypothesis proposed by Sunder Lal Hora. Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali accompanied him on short collection trips to the Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam. An Abbott's babbler discovered during the trips was found to be distinctive and was described as a subspecies by Bruce Beehler and Dillon Ripley.

text: Doesn't mention that the subspecies was named after Raju by Ripley.

refinement: Some of Raju's studies provided evidence in favor of the Satpura hypothesis proposed by Sunder Lal Hora. Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali accompanied him on short collection trips to the Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam. An Abbott's babbler discovered during the trips was found to be distinctive and was described as a subspecies and named after Raju by Bruce Beehler and Dillon Ripley.

text: The first sentence does not pertain to Ripley.

refinement: Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali accompanied him on short collection trips to the Eastern ghats of Vishakapatnam. An Abbott's babbler discovered during the trips was found to be distinctive and was described as a subspecies and named after Raju by Bruce Beehler and Dillon Ripley.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the BNHS?

answer: The Bombay Natural History Society is an organization that conducts avifaunal surveys, banding birds, and collaborates with other ornithologists. Krishna Raju worked with the BNHS at Point Calimere and at Lambasingi village in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh where he discovered the presence of the little spiderhunter.

text: The second sentence does not answer the question.

refinement: The Bombay Natural History Society is an organization that conducts avifaunal surveys, banding birds, and collaborates with other ornithologists.

text: There is no evidence in the text pertaining to what activities the BNHS performs.

answer: the text doesn't answer this question

text: While the text doesn't explain what the BNHS is, it does at least explain what it stands for.

refinement: The text doesn't explain what the BNHS is, but it stands for the Bombay Natural History Society.

answer: the article does not answer this question

text: While the text doesn't explain what the BNHS is, it does at least explain what it stands for.

refinement: The article doesn't explain what the BNHS is, but it stands for the Bombay Natural History Society.

answer: The Bombay Natural History Society is a field biology organisation located in India.

answer: The Bombay Natural History Society

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

List some of Krishna Raju's publications.

answer: That information can't be found.

answer: Krishna Raju's publications include: "A Bird Banding Camp at Lambasingi" (1971), "The Abbott's Babbler - A Distinctive Population in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh" (1981, 1983), and multiple avifaunal surveys and conservation efforts in the Eastern Ghats.

text: These titles appear to be fabrications.

text: Empty answer

answer: Some of Krishna Raju's publications include "The Presence of the Little Spiderhunter in the Eastern Ghats, India" and "The Relict Population of the Abbott's Babbler (Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui) in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh".

text: These titles appear to be fabrications.

text: Empty answer.

answer: Not explicitly stated.

answer:
- Krishna Raju's publications include:
Raju joined the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) as a field biologist and joined a team of BNHS members on a study expedition of Eastern Ghats in Vishakapatnam. In 1981 and again in 1983, Raju accompanied Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali for short collection trips.

text: These titles appear to be fabrications.

text: Empty answer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What nationality was Krishna Raju?

answer: Krishna Raju was Indian.

answer: Krishna Raju was Indian.

answer: Indian.

answer: Indian

answer: Indian

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who was Salim Ali?

answer: Salim Ali was an Indian ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna.

text: The text does not explicitly state that Salim Ali was Indian.

refinement: Salim Ali was an ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna.

text: "He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali" is evidence that Ali was an arnithologist and collaborated with Raju.

answer: Salim Ali was an ornithologist. He collaborated with Krishna Raju saying that his contributions to the Eastern township.

text: The second half of the second line is nonsensical.

refinement: Salim Ali was an ornithologist. He collaborated with Krishna Raju.

text: "He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali" is evidence that Ali was an arnithologist and collaborated with Raju.

answer: He was also an ornithologist and a collaborator of Krishna Raju.

text: "He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali" is evidence that Ali was an arnithologist and collaborated with Raju.

answer: Salim Ali was an ornithologist and a collaborator of Krishna Raju.

text: "He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali" is evidence that Ali was an arnithologist and collaborated with Raju.

answer: Salim Ali was an ornithologist who collaborated with Krishna Raju in his studies of birds in the Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam.

text: "He conducted multiple avifaunal surveys, ringed birds and collaborated with other ornithologists including Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali" is evidence that Ali was an arnithologist and collaborated with Raju.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He was a brother to the journalist K. N. Y. Patanjali. In 1982, he teamed up with Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali to study birds that were related to those found in Southeast Asia. He was nicknamed "Tiger" by his colleagues and was known for not killing any birds.

text: Who his brother was is not a crucial detail.

refinement: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. In 1982, he teamed up with Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali to study birds that were related to those found in Southeast Asia. He was nicknamed "Tiger" by his colleagues and was known for not killing any birds.

text: The statement that he was nicknamed "Tiger" and known for not killing any birds is unattested.

refinement: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. In 1982, he teamed up with Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali to study birds that were related to those found in Southeast Asia.

text: Does not mention his contributions to the Satpura hypothesis.

refinement: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who worked extensively in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. In 1982, he teamed up with Dillon Ripley and Salim Ali to study birds that were related to those found in Southeast Asia. His findings leant credence to the Satpura hypothesis.

answer: Kirshna Raju was an Indian ornithologist. He was born in 1948 and died in 2002. He was a member of the Bombay Natural History Society and collaborated with Salim Ali and Dillon Ripley. His findings provided evidence for the Satpura Hypothesis, which explained the faunal similarities of Peninsular India and Southeast Asia.

answer: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist. He worked in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He was commonly considered a pioneering Indian bird ringer. A subspecies of Abbott's babbler, Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui, was named in his honor as it gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: The last sentence should focus on Raju's contributions rather than the discovery of the babbler, his involvement with which is not mentioned in the answer.

refinement: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist. He worked in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. He was commonly considered a pioneering Indian bird ringer. He also made discoveries that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

text: "and was a pioneering Indian bird ringer" is evidence that Raju was considered a pioneering bird ringer.

text: "This was yet another species that gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis" is evidence that the discovery of the Abbott's babbler subspecies gave weight to the Satpura hypothesis.

answer: Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who conducted avifaunal surveys and banded birds in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam. His work helped provide weight to the Satpura hypothesis espoused by Sunder Lal Hora that the Eastern Ghats was part of a formerly continuous habitat between northeast India and the Western Ghats. A subspecies of Abbott's Babbler discovered around Vishakapatnam Ghats was named after Raju in recognition of his efforts to promote survey and conservation of natural resources in the Eastern Ghats region. Until his death, Raju continued publishing his work in conservation efforts in the region.

answer: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who conducted avifaunal surveys in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam and collaborated with other ornithologists including Salim Ali. His investigations helped support the Satpura hypothesis of Sunder Lal Hora, confirming Eastern Ghats' similarities to Southeast Asia. A subspecies of the Abbott's Babbler, _Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui_, was named in his honor in recognition of his conservation efforts. He died in 2002.

text: Formatting (remove underscores)

refinement: K. S. R. Krishna Raju was an Indian ornithologist who conducted avifaunal surveys in the Eastern Ghats of Vishakapatnam and collaborated with other ornithologists including Salim Ali. His investigations helped support the Satpura hypothesis of Sunder Lal Hora, confirming Eastern Ghats' similarities to Southeast Asia. A subspecies of the Abbott's Babbler, Malacocincla abbotti krishnarajui, was named in his honor in recognition of his conservation efforts. He died in 2002.


split: train

text:
Moratorium sounds like an open space, a thick, black ribbon stretching on above her. She adds the definition in clean, blue letters: still searching.

That’s me, she thinks, pleased that she has a word for it. Moratorium: still searching. The word reminds her of the planetarium, and she speckles the black ribbon with white stars. At the end of the ribbon, there would be answers, little whispers of personality that were waiting to cling to her.

How awful, being a teenager, she thinks gloomily. Not being able to figure yourself out, and seeing the ones who already know it all.
They’re done taking notes for the day. The girl puts her pen down and closes her notebook. Suddenly, she flips to a random, blank page and prints her name in a fast, determined hand.

Who am I is added underneath it, and she scribbles some certainties. Fourteen-almost-fifteen, daughter, sister, student. She stares down at her words, at a loss for what else to write.

I like art and books, she thinks, and daydreaming. She puts the pen down again and sighs. Was she supposed to wake up one day – on her eighteenth birthday, maybe – and know herself? All of this was just a teenager thing, wasn’t it? It’d pass someday.

But what was someday? What did it look like?

Someday could be a star, right in the corner of the black ribbon. She bends over the paper, creates an ink-blue sky. If only she knew where her black pen was. She draws herself, and a question mark.

Today, the school bell sounds faint. She’s in a separate universe, reaching for someday.

title: Moratorium

question: What does Moratorium mean?

answer: Moratorium means a period of time during which something is suspended or postponed.

text: This answer is correct, but it isn't given in the text supplied to my left.

refinement: Moratorium means a period of time during which something is suspended or postponed, but this story does not give a definition.

answer: Moratorium refers to a period of time in which someone is searching for answers or trying to figure out who they are. It can be seen as a period of uncertainty or a time of exploration.

text: This answer is correct, but it isn't given in the text supplied to my left.

refinement: Moratorium refers to a period of time in which someone is searching for answers or trying to figure out who they are. It can be seen as a period of uncertainty or a time of exploration. However, this definition is not provided in the text on the left.

answer: Still searching.

text: It's not clear at all what "still searching" means-is the reader looking up the term "moratorium"? Is that what the responder (giving the answer) believes that moratorium means?

answer: It means: still searching

text: I can see why you'd thing this might be the answer because of the syntax (specifically, the usage of the colon) but that is the protagonist's interpretation of what the word is meaning currently in her life, and not meant to be a definition. This is evidenced by the fact that if you look up "moratorium" the definition is not "still searching".

question: How old is the narrator?

answer: She is fourteen-almost-fifteen.

text: Who am I is added underneath it, and she scribbles some certainties. Fourteen-almost-fifteen, daughter, sister, student.

answer: The narrator is fourteen-almost-fifteen.

text: Who am I is added underneath it, and she scribbles some certainties. Fourteen-almost-fifteen, daughter, sister, student.

answer: The narrator appears to be a teenager, likely 14-15 years old.

text: Who am I is added underneath it, and she scribbles some certainties. Fourteen-almost-fifteen, daughter, sister, student.

answer: She is fourteen-almost-fifteen.

text: Who am I is added underneath it, and she scribbles some certainties. Fourteen-almost-fifteen, daughter, sister, student.

question: What does she like?

answer: She likes art and books.

text: I like art and books, she thinks, and daydreaming.

answer: From the passage, it is clear that the girl likes art and books.

text: I like art and books, she thinks, and daydreaming.

answer: She likes art and books

text: I like art and books, she thinks, and daydreaming.

answer: She likes art and books, and daydreaming.

text: I like art and books, she thinks, and daydreaming.

question: Where is she?

answer: The girl is in her notebook, exploring her own thoughts and feelings. She is in a place of uncertainty and searching, but she is hopeful that someday she will find the answers she is looking for.

text: She is in her notebook, maybe, as a means of expression. However, since the text says the bell rings, it is reasonable to guess she is in school.

refinement: The girl is in her notebook, exploring her own thoughts and feelings. She is in a place of uncertainty and searching, but she is hopeful that someday she will find the answers she is looking for. The bell rings, signifying that she is in school.

answer: The girl is in school.

text: Today, the school bell sounds faint.

answer: She is at school.

text: Today, the school bell sounds faint.

answer: She is in school.

text: Today, the school bell sounds faint.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The protagonist is a teenager who is still searching for herself.

text: I added the setting and her activity.

refinement: A teenage girl writes in her notebook at school while daydreaming about life and who she really is.

answer: The protagonist is a teenager who is still trying to figure out who she is, despite knowing some things about herself. She feels like she is in a 'moratorium', or a period of uncertainty, and is unsure of what 'someday' will look like.

text: I added some details about what she's doing, as well as the setting.

refinement: The protagonist is a teenage girl writes in her notebook at school while daydreaming about life and who she really is.

answer: A teenage girl is trying to figure out who she is.

text: I added the setting and her activity.

refinement: A teenage girl writes in her notebook at school while daydreaming about life and who she really is.

answer: The narrator is daydreaming at school, thinking about how she doesn't really know herself and wondering when she will.


text:
is a 1976 anime series based on the 1884 novel _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_ by Mark Twain. It is the first of two Huckleberry Finn anime. A second Huck Finn television series was made in 1994, _Huckleberry Finn Monogatari_.[1]

A feature-length English dub of this series was made in the early 1980s, and broadcast on cable TV in the United States.[2]

The English-dubbed version for the episodic TV version of _Huckleberry Finn_ was owned by Saban Entertainment in 1993.

As with most of the programming library and properties of Saban Entertainment and Fox Children's Productions, the rights to this series is now owned by Disney Enterprises through BVS Entertainment, who acquired the Fox Kids Worldwide franchise in Summer 2001.

Some episodes of _Saban's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_ were released on Region 2 DVD by Maximum Entertainment Ltd. in the 2000s. However, there were no plans to release the English dub version of the series on Region 1 DVD.

Plot summary

At the end of _The Adventures of Tom Sawyer_, Huck is adopted by the Widow Douglas in return for saving her life. In _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_, in some respects a sequel to _The Adventures of Tom Sawyer_, the widow attempts to “civilize” the newly rich Huck.

Huck is kidnapped by his father but manages to fake his own death and escape to Jackson's Island, where he coincidentally meets up with Jim, a slave of the Widow Douglas' sister, Miss Watson. Jim is running for freedom because he has found out that Miss Watson plans to “sell him South” for $800. Together they construct a raft and travel on the Mississippi River,[3] Jim hoping for freedom from slavery, and Huck searching freedom from his drunk father and controlling foster parent.

Cast

Main cast

-   Masako Nozawa as Huckleberry Finn
-   Yasuo Yamada as Jim

Additional cast

-   Chikao Otsuka
-   Daisuke Umon
-   Kei Tomiyama
-   Miyoko Aso
-   Reiko Mutoh

Episode list

  Episode   Title
  --------- --------------------------------
  1         “Homeless Huck”
  2         “A Scary Father”
  3         “Log Cabin in a Secluded Wood”
  4         “Huck's Great Escape”
  5         “Death of Father”
  6         “A Sure Handshake”
  7         “Thieves Are Human Too”
  8         “Jim in Danger”
  9         “Mission to Rescue Jim”
  10        “Huck Wanders into a House”
  11        “Don't Shoot Hearney!”
  12        “A Gentlemen's Agreement”
  13        “After the Fight”
  14        “In the Mist”
  15        “Huck Protects the Delivery”
  16        “Illusive Mother”
  17        “Boys in the Wild”
  18        “Jim's Prediction”
  19        “Run, Huck”
  20        “$3 Fare”
  21        “The King and the Count”
  22        “A Grandfather from England”
  23        “Mary Smiles”
  24        “Jim Is Sold”
  25        “Escape, Jim”
  26        “Huck Arrives Back Home”

Music

                                                            Performer                      Description
  ------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------
  “Hora Huckleberry Finn”   “Hey There, Huckleberry Finn”   Horie Mitsuko and Korogi '73   Opening Theme
  “Kawa no Uta”             “Song of the River”             Horie Mitsuko and Korogi '73   Ending Theme

[1] Huckleberry no Boken

[2] Vintage Toledo TV - CBN Ads page featuring an advertisement for a Sunday-night showing of _Huckleberry Finn_ on CBN cable in 1984. From the promotional artwork used, this is the 1976 anime version condensed into feature length.

[3] Huckleberry Finn / Huckleberry no Boken (TV-Serie) – wunschliste.de

title: Huckleberry no Bōken

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about who owns the rights to the English-dub of the series?

answer: In 1993, Saban Entertainment claimed to own the rights to their English-dub of the series. In Summer 2001, however, Disney Enterprises acquired Fox Kids Worldwide and later also acquired Saban Entertainment and their assets.

answer: In 1993, Saban Entertainment owned the rights to the series. Saban Entertainment was acquired by Fox Children's Productions, a part of Fox, which was later acquired by Disney Enterprises through BVS Entertainment in Summer 2001. Currently, Disney owns the rights to the series.

text: The answer says Fox Children's Productions acquired Saban Entertainment. It also mentions that Disney later acquired a part of Fox. This is incorrect and not according to the text. The answer should be more accurate.

refinement: In 1993, Saban Entertainment owned the rights to the series. Later, Disney Enterprises acquired Saban Entertainment and Fox Children's Productions through BVS Entertainment in Summer 2001. Currently, Disney owns the rights to the series.

answer: The rights to the English-dubbed version of the series are owned by Disney Enterprises.

text: The answer fails to give more details to give readers more knowledge of how Disney had ownership of the series. The answer needs to include relevant and sufficient details.

refinement: Disney Enterprises own the rights to the English-dubbed version of the series. Initially, Saban Entertainment owned the English-dubbed version. However, Disney Enterprises acquired Saban Entertainment and Fox Children's Productions through BVS Entertainment in Summer 2001.

answer: The English-dubbed version for the episodic TV version of _Huckleberry Finn_ is now owned by Disney Enterprises through BVS Entertainment.

answer: The rights to the English-dubbed TV version of the series was owned by Saban Entertainment in 1993. In 2001, BVS Entertainment acquired the Fox Kids Worldwide franchise, which included Saban Entertainment. BVS Entertainment is now owned by Disney Enterprises.

text: The answer inaccurately states that BVS entertainment acquired the Fox Kids Worldwide franchise and Saban entertainment. This statement needs to be rewritten correctly since Saban was renamed BVS entertainment.

refinement: Saban Entertainment previously had the rights to the English-dubbed TV version of the series in 1993. However, in 2001, Disney Enterprises acquired Saban Entertainment, which was later renamed BVS Entertainment. They also acquired the Fox Kids Worldwide franchise.


text:
ISAAC LOLETTE “IKE” JONES (December 23, 1929 – October 5, 2014) was an American film producer and actor. In June 1953, he became the first African American graduate of the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television and was the first African American to serve as a producer on a major motion picture.[1][2][3][4]

Jones was relatively unknown outside of the film industry until 1970 when he publicly announced that he had been secretly married to actress Inger Stevens from 1961 until her death of a drug overdose in April 1970.[5] Jones’ claim was backed up in court by Stevens' brother, Carl O. Stensland.

Early life and education

Jones was born in Santa Monica, California, and attended Santa Monica High School.[6]

He studied motion picture production at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. While at UCLA, he also played end for the Bruins and was named to the 1952 All-Pacific Coast Conference team.[7] After graduating from UCLA, Jones was drafted in the 25th round by the Green Bay Packers in the 1953 NFL Draft, but declined the offer.[8]

Career

In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in bit parts and served as an assistant director on _The Joe Louis Story_.[9] Later on in the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After that production company folded, Harry Belafonte hired him as vice president of development for Harbel Productions.[10] In the 1960s, Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions.[11] After the singer's death, Jones was hired as a producer on _A Man Called Adam_, a film starring Sammy Davis Jr. This was the first time that an African American was hired as a producer on a major motion picture.[12][13]

Personal life

On November 18, 1961, Jones and actress Inger Stevens were married in Tijuana, Mexico.[14] At Jones' suggestion Stevens agreed to keep their union a secret, in part, as to not harm her, or his, show business career.[15] The demands of their careers meant they spent much time apart, straining their marriage and they eventually separated. In April 1970, while the couple were estranged and living apart, Stevens died of a barbiturate overdose that was eventually ruled a suicide.[16] As Stevens left no will at the time of her death, Jones filed to become administrator of her estate thus making news of the marriage public. Despite being unable to produce a valid marriage license, Superior Court Commissioner A. Edward Nichols ruled in Jones' favor and appointed him administrator of her estate in August 1970. Jones announced that he would use a portion of the $171,000 of Stevens’ estate to open a mental health care clinic in Watts, Los Angeles. At the time, Jones managed a chain of convalescent homes.[17]

Around that same time, Jones had made a number of bad investments, straining his finances.[18]

Later years and death

In 1995, he became the first recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award, presented by the Producers Guild of America.[19]

On October 5, 2014, Jones died “of complications from a stroke and congestive heart failure”[20] in an assisted-living facility in Los Angeles on October 5, 2014. He was 84.[21]

Legacy

A short street called Ike Jones Road near John Wayne Airport in Santa Ana, California is named for Ike Jones.

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title: Ike Jones

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Jones' works before he became the first African American to be hired as a producer on a major motion picture?

answer: Jones worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story; he also worked as an assistant producer for Hill Hecht Lancaster Company. After Hill Hecht Lancaster Company went under, he became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions.

text: "Hill Hecht" - add a hyphen.

refinement: Jones worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story; he also worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company went under, he became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions.

text: Add that Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions in the 1960s.

refinement: Jones worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story; he also worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company went under, he became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until the singer's death.

answer:
Jones started practicing as an actor in 1953 with bit parts. The same year, Jones started being an assistant director and worked on The Joe Louis Story in that same year.
Later, in the 1960s, Jones became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions. The following year, he also became the producer on A Man Called Adam, starring Sammy Davis Jr., marking the first time an African American was given a producer credit.

text: "in that same year." - this is redundant and should be removed.

refinement: Jones started practicing as an actor in 1953 with bit parts. The same year, Jones started being an assistant director and worked on The Joe Louis Story. Later, in the 1960s, Jones became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions. The following year, he also became the producer on A Man Called Adam, starring Sammy Davis Jr., marking the first time an African American was given a producer credit.

text: "Later, in the 1960s, Jones became the vice president of development for Harbel Productions." - this is inaccurate because something else happened in the 1960s. The response is also missing some details about Jones' career before he was hired as a producer on a major motion picture.

refinement: Jones started practicing as an actor in 1953 with bit parts. The same year, Jones started being an assistant director and worked on The Joe Louis Story. Later on in the decade, Jones was an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After that company folded, Harry Belafonte hired Jones as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. The following year, he also became the producer on A Man Called Adam, starring Sammy Davis Jr., marking the first time an African American was given a producer credit.

text: "The following year, he also became the producer on A Man Called Adam, starring Sammy Davis Jr., marking the first time an African American was given a producer credit." - this is irrelevant because it doesn't fit the question's parameters. It should be removed.

refinement: Jones started practicing as an actor in 1953 with bit parts. The same year, Jones started being an assistant director and worked on The Joe Louis Story. Later on in the decade, Jones was an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After that company folded, Harry Belafonte hired Jones as vice president of development for Harbel Productions.

text: The response is missing Jones' work with Nat King Cole.

refinement: Jones started practicing as an actor in 1953 with bit parts. The same year, Jones started being an assistant director and worked on The Joe Louis Story. Later on in the decade, Jones was an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After that company folded, Harry Belafonte hired Jones as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until the singer's death.

answer: Jones studied motion picture production at UCLA and later worked as an actor and as an assistant director. At the end of the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company and was hired as a producer on A Man Called Adam starring Sammy Davis Jr. at the beginning of the 1960s. Around that same time, Jones made some bad investments and his marriage to actress Inger Stevens eventually ended in her death. Jones died of complications from a stroke and heart failure in 2014.

text: "Jones studied motion picture production at UCLA" - Jones' time at UCLA is irrelevant and should be removed.

refinement: Jones worked as an actor and as an assistant director. At the end of the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company and was hired as a producer on A Man Called Adam starring Sammy Davis Jr. at the beginning of the 1960s. Around that same time, Jones made some bad investments and his marriage to actress Inger Stevens eventually ended in her death. Jones died of complications from a stroke and heart failure in 2014.

text: "Jones worked as an actor and as an assistant director." - must include details of his work.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in bit parts and an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. At the end of the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company and was hired as a producer on A Man Called Adam starring Sammy Davis Jr. at the beginning of the 1960s. Around that same time, Jones made some bad investments and his marriage to actress Inger Stevens eventually ended in her death. Jones died of complications from a stroke and heart failure in 2014.

text: "and was hired as a producer on A Man Called Adam starring Sammy Davis Jr. at the beginning of the 1960s." - this is inaccurate because a lot of other things happened after Hill-Hecht.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in bit parts and an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. At the end of the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. When the company folded, Harry Belafonte hired him as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until the singer's death. Around that same time, Jones made some bad investments and his marriage to actress Inger Stevens eventually ended in her death. Jones died of complications from a stroke and heart failure in 2014.

text: "Around that same time, Jones made some bad investments and his marriage to actress Inger Stevens eventually ended in her death. Jones died of complications from a stroke and heart failure in 2014." - this is irrelevant and should be deleted.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in bit parts and an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. At the end of the decade, Jones worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. When the company folded, Harry Belafonte hired him as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, Jones headed Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until the singer's death.

answer: Jones studied motion picture production at UCLA, acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director, worked as vice president of development at Harvel Productions, and was the first African American recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award. In 1961, Jones was married to actress Inger Stevens and later became the administrator of her estate after her death in 1970.

text: "Jones studied motion picture production at UCLA," - Jones' university studies are irrelevant.

refinement: Jones acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director, worked as vice president of development at Harvel Productions, and was the first African American recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award. In 1961, Jones was married to actress Inger Stevens and later became the administrator of her estate after her death in 1970.

text: "worked as an assistant director" - is vague and missing several details about what Jones did before working for Harbel Productions.

refinement: Jones acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story in 1953. Later on in the decade, he worked for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company as an assistant producer. Jones worked as vice president of development at Harvel Productions, and was the first African American recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award. In 1961, Jones was married to actress Inger Stevens and later became the administrator of her estate after her death in 1970.

text: "Harvel" - change to "Harbel"

refinement: Jones acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story in 1953. Later on in the decade, he worked for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company as an assistant producer. Jones worked as vice president of development at Harbel Productions, and was the first African American recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award. In 1961, Jones was married to actress Inger Stevens and later became the administrator of her estate after her death in 1970.

text: "and was the first African American recipient of the Oscar Micheaux Award. In 1961, Jones was married to actress Inger Stevens and later became the administrator of her estate after her death in 1970." - this is irrelevant and should be deleted.

refinement: Jones acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story in 1953. Later on in the decade, he worked for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company as an assistant producer. Jones worked as vice president of development at Harbel Productions.

text: Add that he worked at Harbel after Hill-Hecht folded and worked for Nat King Cole in the 1960s.

refinement: Jones acted in bit parts and worked as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story in 1953. Later on in the decade, he worked for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company as an assistant producer. When Hill-Hecht folded, Jones worked for Harry Belafonte as vice president of development at Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, he was the head of Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until Cole's death.

answer: Jones was a film producer and actor by 1953. He isn't named in the description, but Jones worked as an actor in bit parts for several productions. He also served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Then, he worked as a development manger for the production company Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. For the rest of the time mentioned in the article, Jones was an actor. While he mostly made minor appearances, one time he played one of the Hill Valley townsfolk in Back to the Future. He also appeared in shows such as Muscle Beach Party and Batman.

text: "Jones was a film producer and actor by 1953. He isn't named in the description, but Jones worked as an actor in bit parts for several productions." - this is inaccurate. Jones worked as an actor in 1953 and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story, not a film producer. That happened later on in the decade. Corrections can be merged with "He also served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story."

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in parts and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Then, he worked as a development manger for the production company Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. For the rest of the time mentioned in the article, Jones was an actor. While he mostly made minor appearances, one time he played one of the Hill Valley townsfolk in Back to the Future. He also appeared in shows such as Muscle Beach Party and Batman.

text: "manger" - change to "manager"

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in parts and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Then, he worked as a development manager for the production company Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. For the rest of the time mentioned in the article, Jones was an actor. While he mostly made minor appearances, one time he played one of the Hill Valley townsfolk in Back to the Future. He also appeared in shows such as Muscle Beach Party and Batman.

text: "Then, he worked as a development manager for the production company Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company." - this is inaccurate. Jones worked as an assistant producer, not a development manager.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in parts and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Later in the decade, he worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. For the rest of the time mentioned in the article, Jones was an actor. While he mostly made minor appearances, one time he played one of the Hill Valley townsfolk in Back to the Future. He also appeared in shows such as Muscle Beach Party and Batman.

text: "For the rest of the time mentioned in the article, Jones was an actor. While he mostly made minor appearances, one time he played one of the Hill Valley townsfolk in Back to the Future. He also appeared in shows such as Muscle Beach Party and Batman." - this information is not in the text and should be removed.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in parts and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Later in the decade, he worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions.

text: Missing details of where Jones worked after Harbel.

refinement: In 1953, Jones worked as an actor in parts and served as an assistant director on The Joe Louis Story. Later in the decade, he worked as an assistant producer for Hill-Hecht Lancaster Company. After this company folded, Jones worked as vice president of development for Harbel Productions. In the 1960s, Jones was the head of Nat King Cole's Kell-Cole Productions until King's death.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did the Superior Court grant Jones the custody of Stevens estate though they could not produce a valid marriage certificate?

answer: It was concluded that Jones was the legal husband of actress Inger Stevens despite the inability to produce a valid marriage certificate. The court granted Jones custody of Stevens' estate due to the fact that they believed Jones to be the only legal spouse of the actress. This decision was made in large part due to Jones' openly claiming the marriage and Stevens' brother backing up that claim.

answer: Probably because Steven's brother, Carl O. Stensland, publicly confirmed that both Jones and Stevens are married.

answer: They were unable to because they had so decided not to. However, Jones had won over the Superior Court Commissioner A. Edward Nichols with the good he planned to do with it.

text: "They were unable to because they had so decided not to." - Jones and Stevens' decision not to make their marriage public is irrelevant to the question and should be deleted.

refinement: Jones had won over the Superior Court Commissioner A. Edward Nichols with the good he planned to do with it.

text: "Jones had won over the Superior Court Commissioner A. Edward Nichols with the good he planned to do with it." - it was never established if the commissioner knew of Jones' plan for the estate beforehand. Jones announced his plans after being named as the administrator of the estate.

refinement: Jones publicly announced that he and Inger Stevens had been secretly married until her death and this claim was backed up by Stevens' brother, Carl O. Stensland.

answer: They did this because they trusted Carl O. Stensland who helped Jones prove that they were secretly married.

text: Replace "They" with "The Superior Court"

refinement: The Superior Court did this because they trusted Carl O. Stensland who helped Jones prove that they were secretly married.

text: "because they trusted Carl O. Stensland who helped Jones prove that they were secretly married." - it was never implied if the court trusted Stensland. It was merely indicated that he backed up Jones' claim as the husband of Inger Stevens, his sister.

refinement: The Superior Court probably ruled in favor of Jones because Inger Stevens' brother, Carl O. Stensland, backed up Jones' claim that he was secretly married to the actress until her death in 1961.

answer: Because Jones was able to show that he was married to actress Inger Stevens and as she had left no will at the time of her death, the court decided to appoint him to the administrator of her estate.

text: "Because Jones was able to show that he was married to actress Inger Stevens" - this is incorrect because Jones wasn't able to show produce a marriage certificate to prove he was married to Stevens.

refinement: Because actress Inger Stevens had left no will at the time of her death, the court decided to appoint him to the administrator of her estate.

text: Needs to add that Jones publicly announced that they had been married and Steven's brother backed up this claim.

refinement: Jones publicly announced that he had been secretly married to Inger Stevens since 1961 until her death, which was backed up by Stevens' brother, Carl Stensland. Because the actress had left no will at the time of her death, the court decided to appoint Jones as the administrator of her estate.


text:
The HAZARASPIDS () (1155–1424), was a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty[1][2] that ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarid, and Timurid periods.[3]

Etymology

Although the founder was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, the dynasty is named after the latter's son and successor, Malik Hazarasp. The name of the dynasty is of Iranian origin, and means “thousand horses”.

History

The founder of dynasty was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant of the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya, who was initially a commander of the Salghurids of Fars and was appointed as the governor of Kuhgiluya,[4] but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan and assumed the prestigious title of _atabeg._[5] His son, Malik Hazarasp fought a successful campaign against Salghurids and assisted Jalal-al-din Khwarezmshah in his struggle against the Mongols. Another Hazaraspid ruler Takla, accompanied Hulagu on his march to Baghdad, but deserted because of the murder of the last caliph. He was eventually caught and executed on Hulagu's order.

Yusuf Shah I received Ilkhan Abaqa's confirmation of his rule and added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan (near Isfahan) and Golpayegan to his domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend his control to the coast of Persian Gulf but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army at Kuhrud near Kashan. He was reinstated by Ilkhan Gaykhatu but was executed by Gazan in October 1296.[6]

The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh and Basra in the first half of fourteenth century.[7] During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from the Muzaffarids and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.

In 1424, the Timurid ruler Shahrukh Mirza overthrew the last Hazaraspid ruler Ghiyath al-Din thereby ended the dynasty.

Rulers

1.  Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad (r. 1155–1203)
2.  Malik Hazarasp (r. 1204–1248)
3.  Imad al-Din ibn Hazarasp (r. 1248–1251)
4.  Nusrat al-Din (r. 1252–1257)
5.  Takla (r. 1257–1259)
6.  Shams al-Din Alp Arghun (r. 1259-1274)
7.  Yusuf Shah I (r. 1274–1288)
8.  Afrasiab I (r. 1288–1296)
9.  Nusrat al-Din Ahmad (r. 1296–1330)
10. Rukn al-Din Yusuf Shah II (r. 1330–1340)
11. Muzaffar al-Din Afrasiab II (r. 1340–1355)
12. Shams al-Din Pashang (r. 1355–1378)
13. Malik Pir Ahmad (r. 1378–1408)
14. Abu Sa'id (r. 1408–1417)
15. Shah Husayn (r. 1417–1424)
16. Ghiyath al-Din (r. 1424)

[1] C. E. Bosworth, _The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual_, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 205, .

[2]

[3] C. E. Bosworth,1, Encyclopædia Iranica

[4] B. Spuller,Atabakan-e Lorestan, Encyclopædia Iranica.

[5] C. E. Bosworth, _The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual_, 205.

[6] ATĀBAKĀN‵E LORESTĀN, rulers of Lorestān, part of the Zagros highlands of southwestern Iran in the later middle ages

[7] S. Lane-Poole, _The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions_, 412 pp., Kessinger Publishing, 2004 (originally 1894), , p.174

title: Hazaraspids

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the lands ruled by the Hazaraspids?

answer: The Hazaraspids ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the Dynasty, Abu Tahir Ibn Muhammad, extended the realm as far as Isfahan. Takla, another ruler, marched to Baghdad, but was unsuccessful. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayean to the domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend control to the coast of the Persian Gulf, but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh and Basra in the first half of fourteenth century. During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from the Muzaffarids and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.

text: This doesn't really add anything to the topic of lands. This should be omitted.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the Dynasty, Abu Tahir Ibn Muhammad, extended the realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayean to the domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend control to the coast of the Persian Gulf, but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh and Basra in the first half of fourteenth century. During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from the Muzaffarids and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.

text: This doesn't really add anything to the topic of lands because the Persian Gulf wasn't added. This should be omitted.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the Dynasty, Abu Tahir Ibn Muhammad, extended the realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayean to the domain. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh and Basra in the first half of fourteenth century. During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from the Muzaffarids and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.

text: This isn't really necessary for the answer and could be omitted.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the Dynasty, Abu Tahir Ibn Muhammad, extended the realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayean to the domain. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh and Basra in the first half of fourteenth century.

answer: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran.

text: It's omitted that this part of Iran includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars.

text: It's omitted that the capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan.

text: It's omitted that at one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

text: It's omitted that the founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. Thee founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

text: It's omitted that Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayegan.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. Thee founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayegan. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

answer: The Hazaraspids ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran.

answer: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran and the Persian Gulf coast. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. Another prominent city was Shushtar.

text: It doesn't seem that the Hazaraspids actually acquired the Persian Gulf Coast. It would be better to omit this.

refinement: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. Another prominent city was Shushtar.

text: It's omitted that this part of Iran includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars.

refinement: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars.. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. Another prominent city was Shushtar.

text: It's omitted that at one point the cities of Hoveizeh and Basra were annexed.

refinement: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars.. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

text: It's omitted that the founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan.

refinement: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan.. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

text: It's omitted that Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayegan.

refinement: The lands ruled by the Hazaraspids included the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. The founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayegan. Their capital was Idaj, located in northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.

answer: No answer

text: This is false. An answer is available.

refinement: The Hazaraspids ruled over a territory in the Zagros Mountains region in southwestern Iran, which includes what is now Lorestan and the adjacent parts of Fars. Thee founder of the dynasty was able to extend his realm as far as Isfahan. Yusuf Shah I added Khuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan, and Golpayegan. The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj in present-day northern Khuzestan. At one point the cities of Shushtar, Hoveizeh, and Basra were annexed.


text:
THE CHURCH OF SAN LIBORIO is a church in Rome, in the district Ponte Mammolo, in Via Diego Fabbri.

It was built in the twentieth century and inaugurated 7 November 1998.

The church is home parish, erected 28 May 1965 with the decree of the Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia _Neminem fugit_, and entrusted to the secular priests of the Institute of Sodales Priests. Originally the parish was dedicated to St. Mary of the Purification: 2 December 1996 by decree of Cardinal Camillo Ruini has assumed its current name.

It was instituted a cardinal's titular church by Pope John Paul II 21 February 2001. It is dedicated to Saint Liborius, who was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397.

List of Cardinal Protectors

-   Johannes Joachim Degenhardt 21 February 2001 – 25 July 2002
-   Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson 21 October 2003 - present

title: San Liborio, Rome

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is the church?

answer: The church is in Ponte Mammolo.

text: It would be better to specify that Ponte Mammolo is a district in Rome.

refinement: The church is in Ponte Mammolo, a district in Rome.

answer: The church is in Rome, in the district Ponte Mammolo, in Via Diego Fabbri.

answer: Ponte Mammolo, a district in Rome

answer: Via Diego Fabbri, District Ponte Mammoli, Rome

answer: The church is in Rome in the district Ponte Mammolo, Via Diego Fabbri.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was the church built?

answer: It was erected on May 28, 1965 and inaugurated on November 7, 1998

answer: The church was built in the twentieth century and inaugurated 7 November 1998.

answer: May 1965

answer: The church was built in the twentieth century, inaugurated in November 1998.

answer: 28 May 1965.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the church dedicated to?

answer: Saint Liborio was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397.

text: Add ",who" after "Saint Liborio". Without it, the answer seems slightly unrelated.

refinement: Saint Liborio, who was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397

text: "Liborio" should be "Liborius"

refinement: Saint Liborio, who was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397

answer: Saint Liborius.

answer: The church is dedicated to Saint Liborius.

answer: Saint Liborius, bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397

answer: The church is dedicated to Saint Liborius.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is the church's current cardinal protector?

answer: The church's current cardinal protector is Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: "Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson 21 October 2003 - present"

answer: Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson

text: " Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson 21 October 2003 - present"

answer: Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson

text: " Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson 21 October 2003 - present"

answer: The current cardinal protector is Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: "Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson 21 October 2003 - present"

answer: Pope John Paul II created the church in May 1985 and bestowed the title of cardinal protector to Johannes Joachim Degenhardt in February 2001. He served from 2001 to 2002.

text: This answer is irrelevant and incorrect.

text: Blank response.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Church of San Liborio is located in Rome in the district of Ponte Mammolo. It was consecrated on May 28, 1965 with the presidency of Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia (Neminem Fugit). It also has Cardinal Protectors, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: "Consecrated" is incorrect. The word "erected" is accurate.

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is located in Rome in the district of Ponte Mammolo. It was erected on May 28, 1965 with the presidency of Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia (Neminem Fugit). It also has Cardinal Protectors, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: It would be more accurate to use the word "decree" instead of "presidency".

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is located in Rome in the district of Ponte Mammolo. It was erected on May 28, 1965 with the decree of Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia (Neminem Fugit). It also has Cardinal Protectors, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: It's omitted that the church was inaugurated in November, 1998.

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is located in Rome in the district of Ponte Mammolo. It was erected on May 28, 1965 with the decree of Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia (Neminem Fugit), and inaugurated in November, 1998. It also has Cardinal Protectors, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

text: Degenhardt isn't a current cardinal protector. It would be more accurate to rephrase the sentence as "It's cardinal protectors have included..."

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is located in Rome in the district of Ponte Mammolo. It was erected on May 28, 1965 with the decree of Cardinal Vicar Luigi Traglia (Neminem Fugit), and inaugurated in November, 1998. Its Cardinal Protectors have included Johannes Joachim Degenhardt and Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson.

answer: The Church of San Liborio is a modern church in Rome, formed as a parish in 1965. It was later named cardinal's titular church by Pope John Paul II in 2001. The saint it is dedicated to is Saint Liborius, who was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397.

text: It's omitted that the church was inaugurated in November, 1998.

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is a modern church in Rome, formed as a parish in 1965, and was inaugurated in November, 1998. It was later named cardinal's titular church by Pope John Paul II in 2001. The saint it is dedicated to is Saint Liborius, who was bishop of Le Mans from 348 to 397.

answer: The Church of San Liborio is a modern church in Rome's district Ponte Mammolo. The parish of San Liborio was created in 1965. In 2001, Pope John Paul II elevated the parish to a Cardinal's Titular Church. It was named in honor of Saint Liborius, a bishop from the town of Le Mans.

text: This is four sentences instead of three. The second sentence could have been combined with the first.

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is a modern church in Rome's district Ponte Mammolo, created in 1965. In 2001, Pope John Paul II elevated the parish to a Cardinal's Titular Church. It was named in honor of Saint Liborius, a bishop from the town of Le Mans.

text: It's omitted that the church was inaugurated in 1998.

refinement: The Church of San Liborio is a modern church in Rome's district Ponte Mammolo, created in 1965 and inaugurated in 1998. In 2001, Pope John Paul II elevated the parish to a Cardinal's Titular Church. It was named in honor of Saint Liborius, a bishop from the town of Le Mans.

answer: This article calls the church home parish the Church of Saint Liborio. It was tied to the Cardinal's church during the same year it was erected, 1965. In 2001, the Pope instituted the church as a cardinals' titular church.

text: The church was not tied to the Cardinal's church in 1965. Replace this by saying when the church was inaugurated.

refinement: This article calls the church home parish the Church of Saint Liborio. It was erected in May 1965, and inaugurated in November 1998. In 2001, the Pope instituted the church as a cardinals' titular church.

text: The first sentence is confusing. It would be better to say that the article details the Church of Saint Liborio, which is located in the Ponte Mammolo district in Rome.

refinement: This article details the Church of Saint Liborio, which is located in the Ponte Mammolo district in Rome. It was erected in May 1965, and inaugurated in November 1998. In 2001, the Pope instituted the church as a cardinals' titular church.

answer: The Church of San Liborio is a church in the Ponte Mammolo district of Rome. It was built in 1965 and inaugurated in 1998. Pope John Paul II instituted it as a cardinal's titular church in 2001.


text:
BERNARD NEWMAN (18 November 1903 – 30 November 1966) was the head designer for Bergdorf Goodman and head costume designer for RKO Pictures. He designed costumes for some 35 movies, including costumes for Ginger Rogers, Katharine Hepburn, Lucille Ball and Helen Broderick. He was posthumously included in the Costume Designers Guild Hall of Fame in 2004.[1]

Biography

Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1903.[2] He studied in Paris and at the Art Student's League. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman, a luxury goods department store in Manhattan, as a window dresser.[3] He later became the head designer for Bergdorf Goodman,[4] and his clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis.[5]

Bernard Newman started working as costume designer in the film industry from 1933 on, working mainly for RKO Pictures for the next three years. Newman is best remembered for the costumes he designed for Ginger Rogers in movies like _Top Hat_ and _Swing Time_.[6][7] He made a blue dress with ostrich feathers, to Rogers's specification, which she wore in the _Cheek to Cheek_ sequence and which gave her the nickname of _Feathers_.[8][9] 15 of his costumes for the 1935 movie _Roberta_ were reproduced and merchandised by the Modern Merchandising Bureau.[10] Other films he worked on include _Sylvia Scarlett_ with Katharine Hepburn and _You Can't Take It with You_.[11]

Filmography

-   1933: _Rafter Romance_
-   1935: _Roberta_
-   1935: _Star of Midnight_
-   1935: _Break of Hearts_
-   1935: _The Nitwits_
-   1935: _Top Hat_
-   1935: _I Dream Too Much_
-   1935: _In Person_
-   1935: _Sylvia Scarlet_
-   1935: _The Lady Consents_
-   1935: _Two in the Dark_
-   1935: _Follow the Fleet_
-   1936: _The Witness Chair_
-   1936: _The Bride Walks Out_
-   1936: _Swing Time_
-   1936: _Walking on Air_
-   1936: _Adventure in Manhattan_
-   1936: _Smartest Girl in Town_
-   1936: _Theodora Goes Wild_
-   1936: _More Than a Secretary_
-   1936: _History Is Made at Night_
-   1937: _When You're In Love_
-   1937: _Vivacious Lady_
-   1938: _You Can't Take It with You_
-   1939: _Green Hell_
-   1942: _Tales of Manhattan_
-   1946: _Deception_
-   1946: _Humoresque_
-   1947: _Possessed_
-   1947: _Deep Valley_
-   1947: _Dark Passage_
-   1947: _Escape Me Never_
-   1947: _Hazard_
-   1947: _The Woman in White_

Notes

[1] Costume Designers Guild 2004 Hall of Fame

[2]

[3]

[4] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vpzp0rtDYCsC&pg=PA67&dq=%22bernard+newman%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=ukQHSNePCafSigG5zN2ADA&sig=afn52nrmoQl1zhLcyPikT7rtvYk#PPA67,M1 Sarah Berry in _Screen style: Fashion and femininity in 1930s Hollywood_] page 15 (2000)

[5] [https://books.google.com/books?id=QWRWZu2EsKAC&pg=PA155&dq=%22bernard+newman%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=FXYISNCUA5W2ygSt8_iNAQ&sig=xqo_xF4FKv8m45CEh22reF7LhAM Lynn Kear and John Rossman in _Kay Francis: A Passionate Life and Career_] page 155 (2006)

[6] Gregory Votolato in _American Design in the Twentieth Century: Personality and Performance_ page 45 (1995)

[7]  notes that John Harkrider designed the _Swing Time_ Silver Sandal Set (“Never Gonna Dance”) and the costumes used both on that set and on the “Bogangles of Harlem” set

[8] Turner Classic Movies on _Top Hat_

[9]  Rogers: “I designed the dress and I was going to wear it!”

[10] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vpzp0rtDYCsC&pg=PA67&dq=%22bernard+newman%22&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=ukQHSNePCafSigG5zN2ADA&sig=afn52nrmoQl1zhLcyPikT7rtvYk#PPA67,M1 Sarah Berry in _Screen style: Fashion and femininity in 1930s Hollywood_] page 67-68 (2000)

[11]

title: Bernard Newman (designer)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Bernard Newman's life before Hollywood?

answer: Bernard Newman was born in 1903 in Joplin Missouri to German parents. He designed costumes for 35 of 35 films ranging from 1935 onwards. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman department store as a window dresser, then became its head designer. His clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis. Because of this his fame stretches to even fashion magazines. In 1933 he started working as a costume designer in the film industry, getting work through RKO Pictures. One of his most iconic costumes, worn by Ginger Rogers in "Cheek to Cheek" in the same year.

text: The stateent that Newman had German parents is unattested.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in 1903 in Joplin Missouri. He designed costumes for 35 of 35 films ranging from 1935 onwards. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman department store as a window dresser, then became its head designer. His clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis. Because of this his fame stretches to even fashion magazines. In 1933 he started working as a costume designer in the film industry, getting work through RKO Pictures. One of his most iconic costumes, worn by Ginger Rogers in "Cheek to Cheek" in the same year.

text: Newman's designing costume for films is not relevant to the question.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in 1903 in Joplin Missouri. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman department store as a window dresser, then became its head designer. His clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis. Because of this his fame stretches to even fashion magazines.

text: The line about fashion magazines is unattested.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in 1903 in Joplin Missouri. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman department store as a window dresser, then became its head designer. His clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis.

text: The answer doesn't mention his education.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in 1903 in Joplin Missouri. He studied in Paris and at the Art Student's League. He started working at Bergdorf Goodman department store as a window dresser, then became its head designer. His clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis.

answer: Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri, and studied in Paris and at the Art Student's League. He became the head designer for Bergdorf Goodman, and his clothes were worn by film stars like Ginger Rogers. He started working as costume designer in the film industry from 1933 on.

text: The last line is not relevant to the question.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri, and studied in Paris and at the Art Student's League. He became the head designer for Bergdorf Goodman, and his clothes were worn by film stars like Ginger Rogers.

answer: Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1903. He studied in Paris and at the Art Student's League. Newman started working in Manhattan at the luxury goods department store, Bergdorf Goodman, as a window dresser. He later became the head designer for Bergdorf Goodman and his clothes were worn by film stars like Kay Francis.

answer: Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1903. He studied in Paris and at the Art Student's Slack before starting working at Bergdorf Goodman, a luxury goods department store in Manhattan as a window dresser. He then became the head designer at Bergdorf Goodman after working as a window dresser. He was a costume designer for RKO Pictures.

text: The last line is irrelevant.

refinement: Bernard Newman was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1903. He studied in Paris and at the Art Student's Slack before starting working at Bergdorf Goodman, a luxury goods department store in Manhattan as a window dresser. He then became the head designer at Bergdorf Goodman after working as a window dresser.

answer: Bernard Newman started working as a window dresser at Bergdorf Goodman before moving into costume design. He worked as costume designer in the film industry from 1933 on, mostly for RKO Pictures.


text:
[UPDATE: We have now published an eBook about Architectural Visualization with Unity3D (including a chapter about Oculus Rift) that can be purchased HERE.]

“WOW!”  Seems to be an almost universal reaction to a first experience trying on the new Oculus Rift VR headset.  Watching a player’s first experience with Rift is always interesting to see, as the player gradually becomes immersed, suspending their disbelief, and eventually becomes part of the virtual environment.  With enthusiastic backing from numerous game industry titans, and a recent “WOW!” on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, it seems all but certain that the immersive experience achieved with the Rift will be reasonably compelling.

[Virtual Reality headset Oculus Rift]

Oculus on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon

If a player can clear levels in a first person shooter with full head and gun tracking, it shouldn’t be too much of a stretch to expect a much slower paced architectural walk-through to be feasible.  It won’t be for everyone, but I would imagine quite a few clients would thoroughly appreciate the opportunity to walk through a design concept before construction starts.

One of the biggest reasons realtime virtual tours of architectural designs is slow to catch on is because scale is never quite right.  Trying to project a full 3D experience onto a 2D monitor will always be distorted.  However, the stereographic technology in Rift promises to resolve this issue, finally offering scale-accurate realtime virtual experiences.

Visualizing architecture is one thing, but what I’m most excited about is the opportunity for immersive VR to completely change the way architects design buildings in the years ahead.  Instead of the typical arm’s-length, abstract design process, you’ll be able to experience, create and modify a building _while you’re standing in it_.  There will no longer be a disconnect between design and visualization – it can become a holistic and fluid process.  Like a scene out of Inception, you’ll be able to reach out and build walls, stretch windows, form the landscape and meet with clients and project stakeholders from inside the building – genuinely feeling as if you’re really there.

The developer’s kit ships in March, and comes with Unity and Unreal integration.  My first experiment will be to port Main Street Dubuque, followed by a couple of new designs for clients to explore.  I’ll post my experiences here.  Stay tuned!

[]

Oculus in Popular Mechanics

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What can Oculus Rift potentially offer?

answer: Oculus Rift can potentially offer a complete virtual reality experience.

text: Talk about architecture

refinement: Oculus Rift can potentially offer a complete virtual reality experience. This article discusses how that can be applied to architectural design.

answer: The Oculus Rift VR headset potentially offers an immersive virtual experience for players, one that will immerse participants so entirely that they feel as if they are part of the virtual environment. This enables designers to experience, create, and modify buildings as if they were actually there. This could fundamentally change the way architects design buildings by enabling a more holistic and fluid design process.

answer: Oculus Rift will not only offer VR experiences that strengthen the suspension of disbelief by getting users to be part of virtual environments, but also the ability to change the way designers create their environments.

answer: The potential offered by Oculus Rift is the ability to deeply immerse users in a virtual environment, while providing scale-accurate experiences in architectural design. This eliminates the disconnect between design and visualization, thereby allowing for a holistic and fluid design process. The possibilities for design innovation and improved communication are endless.

answer: Architectural visualizations.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is one obstacle to using Rift for architecture?

answer: The viewpoint distortion.

text: There is not an obstacle for using Rift in architecture.

refinement: In fact, Rift removes obstacles for virtual tours of architecture, according to the article, because it removes scaling problems.

answer: Scaling problems.

text: It removes obstacles

refinement: In fact, Rift removes obstacles for virtual tours of architecture, according to the article, because it removes scaling problems.

answer: One obstacle to using Rift for architecture seems to be accurate simulation of size and scale.

text: It removes obstacles

refinement: In fact, Rift removes obstacles for virtual tours of architecture, according to the article, because it removes scaling problems.

answer: The biggest obstacle to using Rift for architecture is often scale. Trying to project a full 3D experience onto a 2D monitor will always be distorted, and users would not have a sense of scale. However, the stereographic technology in Rift promises to resolve this issue and provide a sense of scale-accurate virtual experiences.

text: It removes obstacles

refinement: In fact, Rift removes obstacles for virtual tours of architecture, according to the article, because it removes scaling problems.

answer: Scale is often distorted when using monitors.

text: It removes obstacles

refinement: In fact, Rift removes obstacles for virtual tours of architecture, according to the article, because it removes scaling problems.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Which late night host tried Oculus Rift?

answer: Jimmy Fallon

answer: Jimmy Fallon

answer: It is unknown

text: It is known

answer: Jimmy Falon.

answer: Jimmy Fallon.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the author claim about design and visualization?

answer: They believe there will be a disconnect between design and visualization once people use VR because the VR can become a holistic and fluid process.

answer: The author claims that immersive VR will change the way architects design buildings by eliminating the disconnect between design and visualization. Architecture will become a holistic, fluid process where designers will be able to reach out and build walls, stretch windows, form the landscape, and meet with clients and project stakeholders from inside the building.

answer: The author claims that immersive VR will completely change the way architects design buildings in the future by eliminating the disconnect between design and visualization. The author believes that VR will enable designers to experience, create and modify a building while they are actually inside the building.

answer: That there will be a more of a "holisitc" and "fluid" process from now on.

answer: It will eventually become a holistic fluid process.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The author is excited about the potential for Oculus Rift to lead to architectural visualizations and holistic design to help clients view potential buildings they wish to create in VR before construction begins.

answer: The Oculus Rift VR headset promises immersive experiences with scale-accurate virtual walk-throughs of architectural design, changing the way architects design buildings.

answer: This article is about Oculus Rift (virtual reality headset) in relation to visualizing architecture and changing the way architects design buildings.

answer: The Oculus Rift VR headset promises to provide an immersive, scale-accurate experience for users looking to visualize and modify architectural designs. This promises to further revolutionize design, integrating real-time visualization into the designing process.

answer: The article describes having an experiential virtual reality by using the Oculus Rift.

text: Not a complete thought and does not mention architecture

refinement: The Oculus Rift VR headset promises to provide an immersive, scale-accurate experience for users looking to visualize and modify architectural designs. This promises to further revolutionize design, integrating real-time visualization into the designing process.