text:
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PUBLISHED ON October 27th, 2017 | _by Joshua S Hill_

October 27th, 2017 by

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The American Wind Energy Association published a new report which revealed the country’s current pipeline of wind energy projects under construction or in advanced development as of the end of the third quarter reached 29,634 MW, a 27% year-over-year growth and on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020 alongside $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs.

[]The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) published its _US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report_ this week, which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry, revealing activity and trends, as well as new wind capacity installed, wind projects under construction and in advanced development, and new power purchase agreement signings and project acquisition activity.

The big news from the third quarter report was the state of the US wind energy project pipeline, which is nearing 30 gigawatts (GW) with the total number of wind energy projects currently under construction or in advanced stages of development reaching 29,634 megawatts (MW) as of the end of the third quarter of 2017 — made up of 13,759 MW under construction and 15,875 MW in advanced development. Since AWEA only started measuring this statistic at the beginning of 2016, we don’t have super long growth trends, but the third quarter figure is nevertheless up 27% year-over-year.

US WIND POWER CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS, BY QUARTER

[]

“Wind power’s value to investors, utilities and corporate purchasers is clear: fixed-cost clean energy at competitive prices,” said Tom Kiernan, CEO of AWEA. “The high level of wind under construction and in advanced development shows we are on track to deliver 10% of America’s electricity by 2020, along with $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs.”

New third quarter pipeline activity reached 4,248 MW worth of new capacity entering advanced development and another 638 MW beginning construction. Further, developers installed 534 MW during the third quarter, bringing the cumulative installed capacity for 2017 up to 2,892 MW, and total cumulative wind capacity in the United States up to 84,944 MW.

US ANNUAL AND CUMULATIVE WIND POWER CAPACITY GROWTH

[]

During the third quarter, four separate US states together deployed 243 wind turbines across five project phases. Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter. Regarding wind capacity under construction or in advanced development, 30% of combined activity is located in the Midwest, with an additional 23% located in Texas, followed by 20% in the Mountain West states and 18% in the Plains states. Cumulative capacity per state looks like this:

US INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY, BY STATE

[]

During the third quarter, utilities announced plans to develop and own a total of 3,040 MW worth of wind capacity, bringing the cumulative total of utility announcements up to 8,840 MW since the beginning of 2016 — with four separate utilities accounting for 94% of this activity.

One of the announcements made during the third quarter was the massive 2,000 MW Wind Catcher project in Oklahoma which we covered back in July being developed by American Electric Power’s (AEP), and Alliant Energy’s new 500 MW New Wind II project in Iowa.

“There’s a rebalancing of the generation resources, not only in our company but in this country, that’s going on,” said Nick Akins, the chief executive of AEP. “This project is consistent with our strategy of investing in the energy resources of the future, and it will save our customers money while providing economic benefits to communities.”

Doug Kopp, President of Alliant Energy’s Iowa utility, said, “The goal of this project is to bring additional low-cost, clean energy to our customers and the State of Iowa.”

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TAGS: american wind energy association, AWEA, US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report

About the Author

[]

Joshua S Hill I'm a Christian, a nerd, a geek, and I believe that we're pretty quickly directing planet-Earth into hell in a handbasket! I also write for Fantasy Book Review (.co.uk), and can be found writing articles for a variety of other sites. Check me out at about.me for more.

question: When was this article written?

answer: on October 27th 2017

text: PUBLISHED ON October 27th, 2017 | _by Joshua S Hill_

answer: The article was written on October 27th, 2017.

text: PUBLISHED ON October 27th, 2017 | _by Joshua S Hill_

answer: October 27th, 2017

text: PUBLISHED ON October 27th, 2017 | _by Joshua S Hill_

question: What is being discussed in the article?

answer: Wind energy in the United States

text:
Can be more specific:
"a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry"

refinement: The article presents a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry.

text: a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry,

answer: AWEA published a new report that revealed the country's current pipeline of wind energy projects (total of 29,634 MW)

text: The article is not the act of AWEA publishing a report, but about the contents of said report.

refinement: AWEA published a new report that revealed the country's current pipeline of wind energy projects (total of 29,634 MW) which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry.

text: The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) published its _US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report_ this week, which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry,

answer: America's energy needs meet by wind power

text: The article is about the contents of the AWEA report.

refinement: The AWEA published a report designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry.

text: the country’s current pipeline of wind energy projects under construction or in advanced development as of the end of the third quarter reached 29,634 MW, a 27% year-over-year growth and on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020 alongside $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs.

question: Which state installed the most wind turbines in the third quarter?

answer: Texas

text: The question itself is a little misleading, as it asks the most wind turbines and not the power generating capacity. While one could logically assume that the higher the capacity would equate to more turbines, it is entirely possible for a smaller number of turbines to outperform a higher volume of lower-spec turbines. However, as this information is not provided by the article, it would be good to point out that the volume being stated is MW and not the number of turbines.

text: During the third quarter, four separate US states together deployed 243 wind turbines across five project phases. Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter.

answer: Texas

text: The question itself is a little misleading, as it asks the most wind turbines and not the power generating capacity. While one could logically assume that the higher the capacity would equate to more turbines, it is entirely possible for a smaller number of turbines to outperform a higher volume of lower-spec turbines. However, as this information is not provided by the article, it would be good to point out that the volume being stated is MW and not the number of turbines.

text: During the third quarter, four separate US states together deployed 243 wind turbines across five project phases. Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter.

answer:
Texas

Indiana

New Mexico

California

text: This is a list of states that does not mention their relevance to the question.

refinement: In order of the highest MW from wind turbines, Texas, Indiana, New Mexico, and California. So the answer is Texas.

text: The question itself is a little misleading, as it asks the most wind turbines and not the power generating capacity. While one could logically assume that the higher the capacity would equate to more turbines, it is entirely possible for a smaller number of turbines to outperform a higher volume of lower-spec turbines. However, as this information is not provided by the article, it would be good to point out that the volume being stated is MW and not the number of turbines.

text: During the third quarter, four separate US states together deployed 243 wind turbines across five project phases. Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter.

question: What are some of the companies involved in developed wind energy that are mentioned?

answer: AEP, Alliant Energy, Texas, Indiana, and California are all mentioned as being involved in developing and owning wind energy projects.

text: Texas, Indiana, and California are not companies, but they are involved in developing wind energy.

refinement: The companies of AEP and Alliant Energy, along with the states of Texas, Indiana, and California, are all mentioned as being involved in developing and owning wind energy projects.

text: developed by American Electric Power’s (AEP), and Alliant Energy’s new 500 MW New Wind II project in Iowa.

answer: American Electric Power (AEP) and Alliant Energy

text: developed by American Electric Power’s (AEP), and Alliant Energy’s new 500 MW New Wind II project in Iowa.

answer: The American Wind Energy Association states that four separate states deployed 243 wind turbines during the third quarter. The companies mentioned as involved are American Electric Power (AEP), and Alliant Energy.

text: developed by American Electric Power’s (AEP), and Alliant Energy’s new 500 MW New Wind II project in Iowa.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The American Wind Energy Association has released its latest report on the state of the US wind energy industry. According to the report, the current pipeline of wind energy projects in the US is close to 30 GW, with a 27% year-over-year growth, and 50,000 new jobs set to be created by 2020. Utilities are also continuing to sign up and invest in new wind projects in furtherance of meeting the country's renewable energy goals.

text: []The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) published its _US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report_ this week, which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry

text: the state of the US wind energy project pipeline, which is nearing 30 gigawatts (GW) with the total number of wind energy projects currently under construction

text: the third quarter figure is nevertheless up 27% year-over-year.

text: we are on track to deliver 10% of America’s electricity by 2020, along with $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs

text: utilities announced plans to develop and own a total of 3,040 MW worth of wind capacity, bringing the cumulative total of utility announcements up to 8,840 MW since the beginning of 2016

answer: The American Wind Energy Association's new report indicates that the country's pipeline of wind energy projects is growing rapidly, with over 29,000 MW in construction or development at the moment, and set to provide a large amount of clean electricity by 2020.

text: The American Wind Energy Association published a new report which revealed the country’s current pipeline of wind energy projects under construction or in advanced development as of the end of the third quarter reached 29,634 MW, a 27% year-over-year growth and on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020

answer: The American Wind Energy Association has released its latest report revealing the current state of the US wind energy project pipeline. According to the report, the pipeline has surpassed the 30GW mark, already providing 10% of America's electricity and projected to create 50,000 jobs. In addition to the pipeline, the third quarter pipeline activity included new capacity entering advanced development and construction, with Texas leading the way installing 402MW, followed by Indiana with 100MW, Nevada with 30MW, and California with only 2MW. Utility announcements show that the industry is growing at an even steadier rate with a cumulative total of 8,840MW committed to development since 2016.

text:
"US wind energy project pipeline, which is nearing 30 gigawatts (GW)"
"on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020 alongside $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs."

refinement: The American Wind Energy Association has released its latest report revealing the current state of the US wind energy project pipeline. According to the report, the pipeline nears the 30GW mark, and is on track to provide 10% of America's electricity and projected to create 50,000 jobs. In addition to the pipeline, the third quarter pipeline activity included new capacity entering advanced development and construction, with Texas leading the way installing 402MW, followed by Indiana with 100MW, Nevada with 30MW, and California with only 2MW. Utility announcements show that the industry is growing at an even steadier rate with a cumulative total of 8,840MW committed to development since 2016.

text: AWEA published its US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report this week, which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry

text: US wind energy project pipeline, which is nearing 30 gigawatts (GW)

text: on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020 alongside $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs.

text: utilities announced plans to develop and own a total of 3,040 MW worth of wind capacity, bringing the cumulative total of utility announcements up to 8,840 MW since the beginning of 2016

text: Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter.

answer: This article discusses a report published by the American Wind Energy Association that discusses the United States' wind energy development in the third quarter. Construction has seen growth, reaching 29,634 megawatts by the end of the quarter in 2017. States such as Texas, Indiana, and New Mexico lead the way for new installations. More states continue to jump on this trend.

text: "More states continue to jump on this trend." article does not support this statement. Should be omitted

refinement: This article discusses a report published by the American Wind Energy Association that discusses the United States' wind energy development in the third quarter. Construction has seen growth, reaching 29,634 megawatts by the end of the quarter in 2017. States such as Texas, Indiana, and New Mexico lead the way for new installations.

text: Texas led the way, installing 402 MW, followed by Indiana which installed 100 MW, New Mexico which installed 30 MW, and California which only managed 2 MW for the quarter.

text: The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) published its _US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report_ this week, which is designed to provide a current snapshot of the current state of the US wind energy industry

text: the total number of wind energy projects currently under construction or in advanced stages of development reaching 29,634 megawatts (MW)

answer: The report from the American Wind Energy Association illustrates the rapid growth of the US's wind energy project pipeline, touting 10%, 50,000 new jobs, and over $85 billion in economic activity. In the last three months, four separate US states installed 243 wind turbines, while American Electric Power and Alliant Energy committed 2,000 MW and 500 MW of resources respectively.

text: four separate US states together deployed 243 wind turbines

text: the massive 2,000 MW Wind Catcher project in Oklahoma which we covered back in July being developed by American Electric Power’s (AEP), and Alliant Energy’s new 500 MW New Wind II project in Iowa.

text: on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020 alongside $85 billion in economic activity and 50,000 new jobs

answer: The American Wind Energy Association's latest report reveals that the US currently has over 29 GW worth of wind energy projects under construction or in advanced development, on track to provide 10% of America's electricity by 2020. Moreover, the report highlights a growing number of power purchase agreements and projects coming online, helping to reshape US markets.

text: on track to provide 10% of America’s electricity by 2020

text: The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) published its _US Wind Industry Third Quarter 2017 Market Report_ this week

text: new power purchase agreement signings and project acquisition activity.


split: train

text:
bductor. But, Mulu ran away one night. "I escaped from the abductor's house while he and his friends were drinking and dancing. I went to the toilet and then I escaped through a fence and ran away."

She then hid for nearly a year in the house of one of her uncles. "After nine months, I could not stand hiding anymore, so I decided to go back to school," Mulu says nervously, looking at her hands.

Later, her parents received a letter from another suitor asking to marry Mulu, but she refused. The 39-year-old man turned up at the house and kidnapped her with her parents' consent. "I managed to get my parents to agree for us to be tested for HIV. I had heard about it at school and on the radio. I was negative but my abductor was positive."

With the test results in her hand, Mulu managed to convince her parents to cancel the wedding.

  I managed to get my parents to agree for us to be tested for HIV. I had heard about it at school and on the radio. I was negative but my abductor was positive.

Unlike Mulu, however, several young girls at Alem Gena school, 30 km south-west of the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa, have been forcibly abducted on their way to school and married under duress in exchange of a few sheep or sacks of grain.

"Abduction is a regular phenomenon around here," explains Hundessa Negesso, the headmaster of the 1,500-pupil primary school. "Over the last eight months, seven girls have been abducted. Last year we had three, and none of them came back to school.”

Abduction is a legitimate way of procuring a bride in southern Ethiopia. The practice has been going on so long that no-one can remember how it all began. The usual procedure is to kidnap a girl, hide her, and then eventually rape her. Then, having lost her virginity or becoming pregnant, the man can claim her as his bride.

At this stage, the prospective husband will call the village elders to negotiate the bride's price and to act as middlemen between his family and that of his bride.

According to Hundessa, poverty is a key reason for abduction. "If they marry the girl legally they have to pay a lot of money to her parents. But when it is abduction, they take her by force, then the elders intervene to mediate. They then pay a very little amount of money or cattle to marry the girl," the headmaster added.

A wedding can cost up to 15,000 birr (US $1,800) in the countryside - a lot of money in a country where nearly 50 percent of the population lives on less than a dollar a day.

According to surveys conducted in 2003 by the National Committee on Traditional Practices in Ethiopia (NCTPE), the prevalence of marriage by abduction is 80 percent in Oromiya Region, where Mulu lives; and as high as 92 percent in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR); with a national average of 69 percent.

Not always lucky

In many ways, Mulu was luckier than most. Another schoolfriend of hers, Aberash, was 12 when she was forced to marry a 30-year-old man who beat and raped her, causing lasting injuries. Aberash managed to escape and went to her parents' home. But with the consent of the village elders, she was forced to return to her husband.

Eventually, with the help of a teacher, she went back to school and is now trying to get a divorce.

Poverty also means many parents accept their daughter's abduction. "Parents don't have money for their children to go to school so they prefer for them to be abducted and married and be settled," Elleni Mamo, from the United Nations children's agency, UNICEF, explains.

"From the point of view of the community, these early marriages are not really a problem for the parents. Traditionally they represent a way to be able to give financial security to their daughter," explains Kefyalew Ayano, who also works for UNICEF.

The girls who are forced to marry face a number of problems, and often suffer health problems as a result of having sexual relations from an early age. "Most of these girls would just like to go to school like their brothers, but once married they generally have to stay at home, cook and take care of the house. Then they become pregnant and risk a lot of complications," Mamo explains.

"These girls are being violated physically and emotionally. We must work together to educate the boys, girls - and communities as a whole - that this is not an acceptable practice. We must work together to stop these acts of violence," Björn Ljungqvist, the UNICEF representative to Ethiopia, told Irin.

Since 2004, the Ethiopian penal code forbids girls to get married before the age of 18, and punishes marriage by abduction with up to 20 years imprisonment. This is being seen as a real step forward according to a number of humanitarian agencies, but one which needs to be promoted and implemented.

UNICEF and other charities are encouraging families to go to the police rather than to village elders to sort out abduction cases. The message is being spread through schools, communities and radio programmes.

But despite this law, Mulu remains worried she may be abducted again. "I don't want someone to take me by force. I want to go to school and study, then I will see," Mulu says, hoping one day to become a teacher herself.

lw/cmh/jm

This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Mulu?

answer: Mulu is a 14-year-old girl who was forcibly abducted by a 39-year-old man. She escaped and was eventually able to convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Although abduction is a common practice around where Mulu lives, she was comparatively lucky to escape unharmed. Meanwhile, Aberash was 12 when she was kidnapped by a 30-year-old man who eventually beat and raped her. Still, these girls face a number of problems in their lives as a result of being married off at a young age, including physical and emotional violation. In 2004, the Ethiopian penal code makes marriage by abduction illegal, which is a step forward in protecting young girls in Ethiopia, though further steps need to be taken in order to truly stop this act of violence.

text: There is no evidence that Mulu is 14-years-old.

refinement: Mulu is a young girl who was forcibly abducted by a 39-year-old man. She escaped and was eventually able to convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Although abduction is a common practice around where Mulu lives, she was comparatively lucky to escape unharmed. Meanwhile, Aberash was 12 when she was kidnapped by a 30-year-old man who eventually beat and raped her. Still, these girls face a number of problems in their lives as a result of being married off at a young age, including physical and emotional violation. In 2004, the Ethiopian penal code makes marriage by abduction illegal, which is a step forward in protecting young girls in Ethiopia, though further steps need to be taken in order to truly stop this act of violence.

answer: not explicitly answered, but it seems as though Mulu is a girl who was abducted but managed to flee from her captor.

answer: Mulu is a 15-year-old girl who was kidnapped by an abductor who turned out to be HIV positive. She managed to convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Mulu fears that she may be abducted again.

text: There is no evidence that Mulu is 15-years-old.

refinement: Mulu is a young girl who was kidnapped by an abductor who turned out to be HIV positive. She managed to convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Mulu fears that she may be abducted again.

answer: Mulu is a 12 year old girl in Ethiopia who was the victim of an abduction and marriage by force.

text: There is no evidence that Mulu is a 12-year-old.

refinement: Mulu is a young girl in Ethiopia who was the victim of an abduction and marriage by force.

answer: Mulu is a 12 year old girl from Ethiopia who was abducted, never to see the school again.

text: There is no evidence of how old Mulu is.

refinement: Mulu is a young girl from Ethiopia who was abducted, never to see the school again.

text: It is incorrect that she never went to school after being abducted.

refinement: Mulu is a young girl from Ethiopia who was abducted, and later got her wedding canceled after the 39-year-old man turned out to be HIV positive.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many girls have been abducted?

answer: Seven in 8 months, three last year, and none before that.

text: There is no evidence that there were no abductions before last year.

answer: Seven girls have been abducted from the Alem Gena school in the last eight months.

text: It is omitted that three were abducted last year.

refinement: Seven girls have been abducted from the Alem Gena school in the last eight months and three in the past year.

answer: Seven girls, including Mulu. Three girls were never heard from, and Mulu was forced to leave after a year.

text: It is not explicitly stated that seven girls were abducted including Mulu.

refinement: Seven girls. Three girls were never heard from, and Mulu was forced to leave after a year.

text: It is omitted that seven girls were abducted in the last eight months.

refinement: Seven girls in the past eight months. Three girls were never heard from, and Mulu was forced to leave after a year.

answer: According to the passage, seven girls have been abducted over the last eight months.

text: It is omitted that three were abducted last year.

refinement: According to the passage, seven girls have been abducted over the last eight months and three in the past year.

answer: According to the passage, seven girls have been abducted in the last eight months.

text: It is omitted that three were abducted last year.

refinement: According to the passage, seven girls have been abducted in the last eight months and three in the past year.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where and how did the practice of abduction begin?

answer: There is no information in the passage about where or how abduction arose.

text: It is omitted that the passage stated that the practice has been going on for so long that nobody remembers how it began.

refinement: The passage does not explicitly state how the practice started but it states that it has been persistent for so long that nobody remembers how it began.

answer: The practice of abduction started in southern Ethiopia. It usually begins with kidnapping a girl, hiding her, and eventually raping her. This eventually leads to the prospective husband calling the village elders to negotiate the bride's price and to act as middlemen between his family and that of his bride. Poverty is seen as a key reason for abduction. Parents usually accept their daughter's abduction as they do not have money for their children to attend school. Despite a new law forbidding girls to marry before the age of 18, Mulu remains worried she may be kidnapped again.

text: It is omitted that nobody knows how the practice began.

refinement: The practice of abduction started in southern Ethiopia, it has been persistent for so long that nobody remembers how it began. It usually begins with kidnapping a girl, hiding her, and eventually raping her. This eventually leads to the prospective husband calling the village elders to negotiate the bride's price and to act as middlemen between his family and that of his bride. Poverty is seen as a key reason for abduction. Parents usually accept their daughter's abduction as they do not have money for their children to attend school. Despite a new law forbidding girls to marry before the age of 18, Mulu remains worried she may be kidnapped again.

answer: There is no definitive answer because it has been going on for so long that no one can remember how it all began. However, it is rumored to have started in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR).

answer: The practice has been going on for so long that no one can remember how it began. Poverty is usually what drives men to abduct the girls, as a legitimate marriage costs a lot of money.

answer: No one knows. People have just heard it is a traditional practice and have accepted it as such.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why do parents accept the abduction of their daughters?

answer: Because they accept they can't afford schooling for them.

text: It is omitted that they do not have the money for a traditional wedding hence abduction is cheaper.

refinement: Because they accept they can't afford schooling for them and traditional weddings cost a lot making abduction a cheaper alternative.

answer: Parents believe marriage by abduction is less expensive than a legal union. Additionally, many believe early marriage brings security and safety to their daughter. Parents worry about raising their daughter in poverty and believe abduction is a more viable option than sending her to school. These reasons lead parents to accept their daughter's abduction.

answer: According to the passage, parents often accept the abduction of their daughters because they cannot afford to provide for their education themselves. Therefore, they find the practice of abduction more financially advantageous. Additionally, abduction is a longstanding tradition in the region, making it seem more culturally acceptable than legal marriage would. While the Ethiopian penal code forbids marriage before the age of 18, this law is not always enforced due to a lack of educational awareness in the community. Therefore, reasons for accepting abduction vary, but often include financial and cultural motivations.

answer: Many parents accept their daughters' abduction because they don't have the money to send them to school.

text: It is omitted that parents also believe that abduction in a way gives their daughter financial security and a legal wedding would cost them more.

refinement: Many parents accept their daughters' abduction because they don't have the money to send them to school, also because they believe that abduction gives their daughters financial security, and a traditional legal wedding would cost them a lot.

answer: Poverty is the reason some parents accept the abduction, because they don't have money for them to go school so they would rather them be abducted and married off.

text: It is omitted that this is so also because a traditional wedding would cost a lot of money.

refinement: Poverty is the reason some parents accept the abduction, because they don't have money for them to go school so they would rather them be abducted and married off. And also because a traditional wedding would cost them a lot of money and abduction does not.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Mulu, a 13 year-old girl living in Ethiopia, was abducted off the street by her 40-year-old suitor and held, raped and abused for a year by him. His intent was to marry her, but after she turned him down due to his HIV-positive status, he was able to arrange a divorce by negotiation with her parents.

text: There is no evidence of how old Mulu is.

refinement: Mulu, a young girl living in Ethiopia, was abducted off the street by her 40-year-old suitor and held, raped and abused for a year by him. His intent was to marry her, but after she turned him down due to his HIV-positive status, he was able to arrange a divorce by negotiation with her parents.

text: It is incorrect that the man was 40-year-old.

refinement: Mulu, a young girl living in Ethiopia, was abducted off the street by her 39-year-old suitor and held, raped and abused for a year by him. His intent was to marry her, but after she turned him down due to his HIV-positive status, he was able to arrange a divorce by negotiation with her parents.

text: There is no evidence that she was raped, abused or held by him for a year, Mulu hid at her uncle's home for a year.

refinement: Mulu, a young girl living in Ethiopia, was abducted off the street by her 39-year-old suitor. His intent was to marry her, but after she turned him down due to his HIV-positive status, he was able to arrange a divorce by negotiation with her parents.

text: It is incorrect that the man arranged for a divorce, they were not married.

refinement: Mulu, a young girl living in Ethiopia, was abducted off the street by her 39-year-old suitor. His intent was to marry her, but after she turned him down due to his HIV-positive status and convinced her parents to cancel the wedding.

answer: Mulu was kidnapped at the age of 12 when she was walking to school. She managed to prove her abductor was HIV positive and convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Although abduction is a common practice in Ethiopia, the prevalence has recently been documented at 69%. Abduction often results in health complications for the girls forced into marriage and violates their physical and emotional integrity. Actions are being taken, however, to help girls in such situations.

text: There is no evidence of how old Mulu was or how she was kidnapped.

refinement: Mulu was kidnapped at a young age. She managed to prove her abductor was HIV positive and convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Although abduction is a common practice in Ethiopia, the prevalence has recently been documented at 69%. Abduction often results in health complications for the girls forced into marriage and violates their physical and emotional integrity. Actions are being taken, however, to help girls in such situations.

text: " Although abduction is a common practice in Ethiopia, the prevalence has recently been documented at 69%. Abduction often results in health complications for the girls forced into marriage and violates their physical and emotional integrity. Actions are being taken, however, to help girls in such situations." This part can be rephrased to fit the 2-sentence constraint.

refinement: Mulu was kidnapped at a young age. She managed to prove her abductor was HIV positive and convince her parents to cancel the wedding. This article focuses on the practice of abduction in Ethiopia and why it persists.

text: "Since 2004, the Ethiopian penal code forbids girls to get married before the age of 18, and punishes marriage by abduction with up to 20 years imprisonment. " This is evidence that actions are being taken.

answer: This article exposes the tradition in southern Ethiopia of forcing young girls to marry in exchange for food or a few sheep. The author of the story claims the practice is legitimate, and has been going on for so long no one knows where it all began, how it all began, or how to stop it.

answer: Mulu was abducted and forced to marry an HIV-positive man, but managed to convince her parents to cancel the wedding. Many young girls in Mulu's community have been abducted and forced into marriage, often resulting in poor health and abuse. Laws banning marriage before the age of 18 are making strides towards reducing abduction cases, but many girls continue to be at high risk of these practices.

answer: This article details the practice of abduction into marriage in Ethiopia. Poverty is a reason for both men doing this and the parents of women accepting this practice, as marriage dowry is expensive and raising and educating a child is also expensive.


text:
_The Wellcome Trust has just posted my science writing prize entry(with minor edits, including a couple added typos). Here’s the unedited original:_

It’s early May. Along with 15 other Oxford biology students, I am in a seminar as part of a course on ecology and conservation. The room is dark and hot, and the last of the afternoon sunlight streams through a narrow gap in the curtains. But all eyes are fixed on Rory Wilson, a professor visiting from Swansea University. “After we’d made the magnets small enough to fit in their bums,” he explains, “the difficult part was figuring out how powerful to make them.”

Curiosity drives people to do strange things. Isaac Newton famously inserted a long needle into his eye socket, carefully noting the effects upon his vision. Charles Darwin covered his billiards table in earthworms and besieged them with tobacco smoke and bassoon music, just to see what would happen. Professor Wilson’s curiosity about penguins is how he ended up with three or four of them in his backyard, magnetically (and accidentally) affixed by their bottoms to a nearby piece of corrugated iron.

I have been obscure; let me explain. Wilson is not a deranged lunatic, he is a biologist who specialises in studying hard-to-observe animals using a variety of bizarre and ingenious devices. It is relatively easy to watch the behaviour of conspicuous, terrestrial animals like buffalos or chimpanzees. However, animals that spend their lives underground, under water or in the air – in other words, most animals – are impractical or impossible to study by conventional means. Sadly, there will probably never be a Jane Goodall of sperm whales. If we are to learn anything at all about what, say, walruses do under water, we must be creative.

This is where Wilson and his colleagues come in. They study animal behaviour through remote observation, by attaching (and, with luck, eventually retrieving) tiny contraptions that record detailed information about an animal’s activities. One such invention is a bit of engineering wizardry called the “Daily Diary.” The Daily Diary is a tiny, 30-gram cylinder that contains, among other gadgets, a triaxial accelerometer – a device that measures and records acceleration along three axes (up, down, and side- to-side). This information encodes animal movement on a fine scale, from the soaring spiral of a vulture catching a thermal to the sudden lunge of a penguin catching a squid.

How do we know that it was, in fact, a squid? Wilson has developed a device called a “beakometer” that consists of a tiny magnet and a transducer; one attached to the lower half of the beak, one to the upper. The transducer responds to the strength of the magnetic field, recording the opening and shutting of the beak. This conveys a surprising amount of information, since activities such as breathing and eating leave unique, identifiable signatures in the data. By analysing the erratic patterns in a spidery line graph you can tell whether a penguin is swallowing a fish or a squid, and even how big the prey is. There is also a parallel device called a “bumometer” – hence Wilson’s backyard R&D with magnetic suppositories.

The bumometer measures not only the obvious bodily function, but also heart rate, body temperature and breathing rate. These enable accurate estimates of energy expenditure, giving us an idea of the energetic cost of particular behaviours. Perhaps surprisingly, it turns out that penguins catch fish fairly effortlessly. They use their natural buoyancy to swoop up at fish from below, as graceful in water as they are ungainly on land. (I have focused here on penguins, Wilson’s specialty, but these devices can be used on virtually any large animal).

What is the point of all this information? Is it merely gratuitous voyeurism? Not at all. It gives us insight into the inner workings of ecological systems that humans activities threaten to disrupt or destroy. The more we know about these ecosystems, the better our understanding of how to minimise our own impact upon them.

However, it is not only the practical applications that matter. At the heart of remote monitoring is a deep curiosity about life on earth; a profound aesthetic appreciation that remains undiminished even after nature has been translated into digital information. At the end of the seminar Professor Wilson shows us an early animation from his next project; a short 3-D film of a leatherback turtle swimming past an enormous seamount. It is a splendid reconstruction, based purely on remote monitoring data and landscape data from Google maps. Ultimately, Wilson’s idea is to weave together these threads of information, creating open-access digital movies of real animals going about their lives in exquisite detail.

It is an amazing prospect, and a rare example of technology bringing us closer to the natural world rather than distancing us from it.

question: What is Rory Wilson's profession

answer: He researches animal behavior

answer: He is a biologist who specializes in studying hard-to-observe animals using a variety of bizarre and ingenious devices.

answer:
?

Rory Wilson is a biologist who specialises in studying animals using remote monitoring devices.

text: The answer begins with a question mark.

refinement: Rory Wilson is a biologist who specializes in studying animals using remote monitoring devices.

answer:
?

Rory Wilson is a biologist who specialises in studying hard-to-observe animals using a variety of bizarre and ingenious devices.

text: The answer begins with a question mark.

refinement: Rory Wilson is a biologist who specializes in studying hard-to-observe animals using a variety of bizarre and ingenious devices.

question: What does the narrator do?

answer: They are a student in a seminar

answer: The narrator is a student in a seminar.

answer: The narrator attends a seminar on ecology and conservation, and learns about the work of a biologist who uses remote monitoring devices to study animal behaviour.

text: It doesn't answer the question of what the narrator does.

refinement: The narrator is a student attending a seminar on ecology and conservation and learns about a biologist who uses remote monitoring devices to study animal behaviour.

answer: The narrator is a student.

question: Where are the "bumometers" placed in the penguins?

answer: The "bumometers" are placed on the penguins' bottoms.

text: The bumometers are placed on the penguins' bottom is a grammatical error.

refinement: The "bumometers" are placed in the penguins' bottoms.

answer: They put them in penguins' butts.

answer: The "bumometers" are placed in the penguins' bottoms.

answer: The "bumometers" are placed in the penguins' bottoms.

question: How can Wilson tell what prey a penguin has eaten?

answer: He attaches a tiny magnet to the penguin's beak and a transducer to the lower half of the beak. The transducer responds to the strength of the magnetic field, recording the opening and shutting of the beak.

answer: Wilson can tell what prey a penguin has eaten by looking at the data from the beakometer.

text: ' by looking at the data from the beakometer.' what is the beakometer? the answer does not explain how the beakometer provides information that Wilson uses to know what prey the penguin has eaten.

refinement: Wilson can tell what prey a penguin has eaten by looking at the data from the beakometer that records the opening and shutting of the penguin's beak, which leaves a unique signature in the data.

answer: By using a device called a "beakometer" that records the opening and shutting of the penguin's beak, which leaves a unique signature in the data. This allows Wilson to tell what kind of prey the penguin has eaten.

answer: He has a device in the penguin's beak

text: The answer is vague. It doesn't mention what device and how the device helps Wilson know what prey the penguin has eaten.

refinement: He places a device in the penguin's beak called the beakometer, which he attaches to the lower and upper part of the penguin's beak, which would record the opening and closing of the beak.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: In this short story, a student describes different devices designed by his professor to study animal behavior. Rory Wilson researches penguins and sea turtles and hopes to create videos for people to watch. The narrator also describes the goals and past studies conducted by animal researchers.

text:
'The narrator also describes the goals and past studies conducted by animal researchers.'
There is no mention of goals and past studies by animal researchers mentioned by the narrator except that of Rory Wilson.

refinement: In this short story, a student describes different devices designed by his professor to study animal behavior. Rory Wilson, the professor, researches penguins and sea turtles and hopes to create videos for people to watch. Ultimately, the narrator understands that the essence of these observations helps humans understand the ecological systems and draw them closer to nature and animals rather than destroy them.

answer: The narrator is a student in a seminar on ecology and conservation. Rory Wilson, a professor from Swansea University, is giving a presentation on his work studying penguins. He has developed a device called a "bumometer" that measures heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate.

answer: The author discusses the work of Rory Wilson, a biologist who uses various devices to study animals in their natural habitats. These devices allow for detailed information about animal behaviour and energy expenditure, which can be used to better understand and protect ecological systems.

answer: This passage discusses the work of Rory Wilson, a biologist who studies animals by attaching devices to them. The devices measure the animals' movements and behaviors, and the data is used to understand how humans impact the animals' ecosystems.

text: '...and the data is used to understand how humans impact the animals' ecosystems' implies that the data from those systems show how humans impact animal's ecosystems. The data shows the inner workings of the ecological systems that humans impact.

refinement: This passage discusses the work of Rory Wilson, a biologist who studies animals by attaching devices to them. The instruments measure the animals' movements and behaviors, and the data is used to understand the inner workings of the animals' ecosystems which human activities threaten to destroy. Additionally, the narrator cites the importance of the information, which helps humans better understand how to minimize their impact on the animal's ecosystem.


text:
The IRAQI POPULAR ARMY also known as the PEOPLE'S ARMY or PEOPLE'S MILITIA (Arabic: الجيش الشعبي _Al Jaysh ash Shaabi_) was a paramilitary organization composed of civilian volunteers to protect the Ba'ath regime against internal opposition and serve as a counterbalance against any coup attempt by the regular Iraqi Army.[1]

In 1987, the People's Army, standing at an estimated 650,000, approached the regular armed forces' manpower strength.

History

Officially, it was the Iraqi Baath Party Militia and included a special youth section. Formed in 1970, the People's Army grew rapidly, and by 1977 it was estimated to have 50,000 active members. Subsequently, a phenomenal growth, giving the militia extensive internal security functions, occurred. Whereas its original purpose was to give the Baath Party an active role in every town and village, the People's Army in 1981 began its most ambitious task to date, the support of the regular armed forces.

The official functions of the People's Army were to act as backup to the regular armed forces in times of war and to safeguard revolutionary achievements, to promote mass consciousness, to consolidate national unity, and to bolster the relationship between the people and the army in times of peace. The People's Army dispatched units to Iraqi Kurdistan before 1980 and to Lebanon to fight with Palestinian guerrillas during the 1975–76 Civil War. Foreign observers concluded, however, that the primary function of the People's Army was political in nature; first, to enlist popular support for the Baath Party, and second, to act as a counterweight against any coup attempts by the regular armed forces.

Beginning in 1974, Taha Yassin Ramadan,[2] a close associate of President Saddam Hussein, commanded the People's Army, which was responsible for internal security. The command of such a large military establishment gave Ramadan so much power, however, that some foreign observers speculated that the primary function of his second in command was to keep him from using the People's Army as a personal power base.

People's Army members were recruited from among both women and men (who had completed their regular army service) eighteen years of age and older. It was unclear whether or not Baath Party membership was a prerequisite—especially after 1981 when the numerical strength of the People's Army ballooned—but, clearly, party indoctrination was at least as important as military training. Members usually underwent a two-month annual training period, and they were paid from party funds. Although the extent of their training was unknown in early 1988, all recruits were instructed in the use of a rifle. Graduates were responsible for guarding government buildings and installations, and they were concentrated around sensitive centers in major towns. Militia members possessed some sophisticated arms, and it was possible that disgruntled officers contemplating a challenge to Saddam Hussein could rally the support of a force of such militiamen.

The People's Army was sent into Iraqi Kurdistan before 1980 and even out of the country to such hot spots as Lebanon to fight with Palestinian guerrillas during the 1975–76 Civil War.[3]

It was only dissolved when Taha Yassin Ramadan became Vice President of Iraq in 1991.

Action seen

Al-Faw

The FIRST BATTLE OF AL-FAW, fought on February 11, 1986, was a battle of the Iran–Iraq War. The Iranians launched a surprise attack against the Iraqi troops defending the al-Faw Peninsula. The Iraqi units in charge of the defenses were mostly made up of poorly trained Iraqi Popular Army conscripts that collapsed when they were suddenly attacked by the Iranian Pasdaran (Revolutionary Guard) forces.

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Popular Army (Iraq)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What caused the sharp increase in the numbers of the People's Army after 1981?

answer: A restriction was probably lifted on the who could join. It used to be that being a Baath Party member was a requirement to join the People's Army.

answer: An expansion of the People's Army's role.

text: This response can be written better. The sharp increase was due to an uplifting of the restrictions of who could join the People's army.

refinement: The sharp increase in the numbers of the People's Army after 1981 could have been attributed to the fact that members were now being recruited from among both men and women, indicating that previous restrictions on who could join the party were uplifted.

answer: Although it is not given, it can be assumed that it was due to the looming Iran-Iraq war.

answer: The increase in numbers of the People's Army after 1981 was caused most likely by an increased need of backup to the regular armed forces.

answer: The increase in the numbers of the People's Army after 1981 was likely due to the fact that it was beginning to play a larger role in assisting the regular Iraqi Army.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What kinds of threats do the People's Party pose to the government?

answer: They could overthrow the ruling power. They also could be used by the government to squash opponents. There is also the danger that its officers might use the army to fight one another, causing a civil war.

answer: The People's Army's primary function is to act as a counterweight against any coup attempts by the regular Iraqi Army and to give the Baath Party support in times of peace. The People's Army can be a significant threat if disgruntled officers should choose to rally their support to overthrow the government.

answer: The People's Party serves to protect the governing regime against military coups by the regular army.

text: This response does not cover any possible threats that the People's Party could pose to the government. The response given needs to be completely re-written.

refinement: The People's Army's primary function is to act as a counterweight against any coup attempts by the regular Iraqi Army and to give the Baath Party support in times of peace. The People's Army can be a significant threat if disgruntled officers should choose to rally their support to overthrow the government.

answer: The People's Army is a rebellion risk for the Raath Party should something happen to Vice President Ramadan.

text: It is not the Raath party, but the Baath Party.

refinement: The People's Army is a rebellion risk for the Baath Party should something happen to Vice President Ramadan.

answer: The People's Army acts as a counterbalance against any potential coup attempts by the regular Iraqi Army. The People's Army also provides internal security, protecting the Ba'ath regime from internal opposition.


text:
The TALLAHASSEE BUS BOYCOTT was a citywide boycott in Tallahassee, Florida that sought to end racial segregation in the employment and seating arrangements of city buses. On May 26, 1956, Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, were arrested by the Tallahassee Police Department for “placing themselves in a position to incite a riot”.[1] Robert Saunders, representing the NAACP, and Rev. C. K. Steele began talks with city authorities while the local African-American community started boycotting the city's buses. The Inter-Civic Council ended the boycott on December 22, 1956.[2] On January 7, 1957, the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause because of the United States Supreme Court ruling _Browder v. Gayle_ (1956).

History

Not only were buses segregated, with white riders at the front and black ones in the back, if there were no free black seats black riders had to stand, even if there were free white seats. Furthermore, if there were more white riders than white seats, black riders had to surrender their seats.[3]

Jakes and Patterson boarded a city bus and sat in the only open seats, which were next to a white woman. The driver declared that the two women could not sit where they were sitting, and Jakes agreed to get off the bus if she received her bus fare in return. The driver would not return Jakes' bus fare and drove to a service station, where he then called the police, who subsequently arrested the women. Later that day, the students were bailed out by the Dean of Students.[4]

The day after the incident, the Ku Klux Klan burned a cross in front of the women's residence.[5] News of the cross-burning quickly spread throughout the campus, and Student Government Association officers, led by Brodes Hartley, called for a meeting of the student body. The incidents (the cross-burning and the arrest) were discussed in the meeting. Student leaders called for the withdrawal of student support of the bus company and for students to seek participation in the boycott throughout the community. Reverend Steele, a member of the Tallahassee Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance (IMA) and leader in the NAACP, organized a mass meeting that night. In the meeting, the Inter-Civic Council (ICC) was born from the joining of the NAACP, IMA, and Tallahassee Civic League. The ICC was formed in response to community fear that a NAACP-led protest would be met with state repression. Its leaders held weekly meetings and the Council was highly active in Civil Rights-related activism. The NAACP became involved well after the boycott had been started, when leaders sent a lawyer to defend drivers of boycotters (carpool drivers) who were arrested for driving unlicensed “for hire” vehicles.[6]

Three months into the boycott, the demand for the employment of black bus drivers was met. For months after _Browder v. Gayle_, the government upheld _de facto_ segregation, with the instantiation of an ordinance mandating assigned seats on buses. That led to arrests of blacks who did not sit in the seats assigned to them. Efforts persisted in resisting bus segregation and enforcement of the ordinance became less strict, when blacks again rode the buses.

In 1959, members of the Tallahassee InterCivic Council tested the success of the boycott by riding the newly-integrated buses; they found that the integration was successful.[7]

Sociologist Lewis Killian points out that organizational and community leaders did not gather until after the initiation of the boycott, which highlights the spontaneity of the student-initiated boycott. Furthermore, the boycott was initiated during a time in which Tallahassee's civil rights-related organizational activity was markedly low and the black community in Tallahassee was unprepared for a protest as large as the boycott.

The creation of the ICC provides an example of the emergence of new norms and structures. Although it is widely believed that the centers of Civil Rights Movement activity were organizational and structural bodies such as the black church and the NAACP, a new normative structure emerged in the Tallahassee Bus Boycott.

The boycott presents an overlooked departure from the circumstances of the Montgomery bus boycott, which was planned and precipitated by active individuals and organizations; in addition, the Tallahassee boycott, at least in its initial stages, was separate from and did not model the latter.

Killian finds the formation of the ICC and the spontaneous and irregular nature of the boycott's initiation commensurate with traditional collective behavior theory, which includes such superficially irrational elements as spontaneity.[8][9]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

title: Tallahassee bus boycott

question: In 1956, why was there a bus boycott in Tallahasee?

answer: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested after trying to use the bus. While in detention, the students became aware that African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Any number of white people could come aboard the bus, but if there were not seats or standing room left, blacks had to get off the bus. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. Black people couldn't ride at the back of the bus if there were white people standing. The students were dismayed that Tallahasee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

text: It is incorrect that the students were arrested after trying to use the bus.

refinement: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested because they were sitting next to a white woman. While in detention, the students became aware that African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Any number of white people could come aboard the bus, but if there were not seats or standing room left, blacks had to get off the bus. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. Black people couldn't ride at the back of the bus if there were white people standing. The students were dismayed that Tallahasee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

text: It is not that while in detention, the students became aware that African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus - it's implied that it is common knowledge.

refinement: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested because they were sitting next to a white woman. African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Any number of white people could come aboard the bus, but if there were not seats or standing room left, blacks had to get off the bus. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. Black people couldn't ride at the back of the bus if there were white people standing. The students were dismayed that Tallahasee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

text: Pi is not stated that any number of white people could come aboard the bus, but if there were not seats or standing room left, blacks had to get off the bus.

refinement: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested because they were sitting next to a white woman. African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. Black people couldn't ride at the back of the bus if there were white people standing. The students were dismayed that Tallahasee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

text: It is not stated that black people couldn't ride at the back of the bus if there were white people standing.

refinement: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested because they were sitting next to a white woman. African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. The students were dismayed that Tallahasee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

text: A minor typo.

refinement: Two Florida A&M University students were arrested because they were sitting next to a white woman. African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus, or if there were no seats left, they had to stand in the back. Whites always sat in the front seats, and blacks could never sit in a white seat. The students were dismayed that Tallahassee, being a city that is a part of the United States, practiced racial segregation on its buses.

answer: The boycott was a social movement with the goal of ending the racial segregation in the employment and the seating arrangements of city buses.

answer: Because the city was engaging in racial segregation and Black customers who could not find a black-only seat would be forced to stand

question: How did the boycott come to be?

answer: It all started when two Florida A&M university students attempted to defy the segregation rules for a bus and were arrested for it. They were bailed by the Dean of Students, but still subjected to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan who burned a cross in front of the women's residence. The cross burning escalated the situation, student leaders of the school boycotted the bus company and worked with the Tallahassee Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance, and the Tallahassee Civic League. They formed the Inter-Civic Council, and the group heavily supported the student leaders' decision to withdraw student support of the bus company.

answer: The boycott began when a couple of Florida A&M University students were arrested for sitting beside a white woman on a city bus. Student leaders quickly organized a mass meeting in response to this incident, and the Tallahassee Inter-Civic Council, led by Reverend Steele, was formed to help organize the boycott. The main goal of the boycott was to end segregation on the city's buses, and three months later, this demand was met.

answer: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was initiated spontaneously by a couple of students who were involved in a confrontation with a bus driver. After their arrest, student and community leaders formed The Inter-Civic Council in order to create a united front against segregation practices on city buses.

question: What were the effects of the boycott?

answer: Three months after the boycott was initiated, the demand for the employment of black bus drivers was met. However, enforcement of the bus segregation rule lessened as the black community rode on the buses more frequently.

answer: Three months into the boycott; the only demand of the protesters for the employment of black bus drivers was met. Efforts to resist bus segregation and the enforcement of assigned seats continued in suppressing the ordinance.

answer: Three months into the boycott, black drivers were started to be employed. By 1959, segregation was no longer followed.

question: Was there a similar event in history?

answer: Yes. The Montgomery bus boycott

text: A dot is missing.

text: 'The boycott presents an overlooked departure from the circumstances of the Montgomery bus boycott, which was planned and precipitated by active individuals and organizations;' supports the answer.

answer: No.

text: Incorrect.

answer: Yes, the Montgomery bus boycott was mentioned, though it was stated that the two boycotts are quite different as the Tallahassee boycott did not model the pattern set by Montgomery.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was a citywide boycott encompassing the African-American population of the community, aimed at ending racial segregation on the seating and employment of city buses.

text: It's a one-sentence summary.

refinement: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was a citywide boycott encompassing the African-American population of the community, aimed at ending racial segregation on the seating and employment of city buses. The boycott started on May 26, 1956, after Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, were arrested for "placing themselves in a position to incite a riot". The boycott lasted until December 22, 1956.

answer: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was a citywide boycott seeking to end racial discrimination on the employment and seating arrangements of city buses. The boycott started on May 26, 1956 after Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, were arrested for "placing themselves in a position to incite a riot". The boycott lasted until December 22, 1956, where the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause because of the 'United States Supreme Court ruling [Browder v. Gayle]' (1956).

answer: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was a citywide campaign to end racial segregation in Tallahassee. The resulting collective was the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause due to a US Supreme Court ruling. The ICC came from the joining of the NAACP, IMA, and Tallahassee Civic League in reaction to community fear and was highly active in Civil Rights-related activism.

answer: The 1956 Tallahassee Bus Boycott started by the student leaders of Florida A&M University as an answer to the arrest (and the Ku Klux Klan's harassment) of two students. They would be supported by the Inter-Civic Council, formed from the NAACP, IMA, and the Tallahassee Civic League. By 1959, the bus segregation was no longer being followed.

answer: The Tallahassee bus boycott was a citywide effort to end racial segregation in the employment and seating arrangements of the city's buses. Two Florida A&M University students were arrested in May 1956 after refusing to accept an arrangement that had passengers of minority races sitting in the back of the bus. After three months of boycotting the buses, the drivers hired black employees, leading to a successful end to the boycott.

answer: The Tallahassee bus boycott was an effort to end segregation on city buses in Tallahassee, Florida. The boycott began after two Florida A&M University students, Carrie Patterson and Wilhelmina Jakes, were arrested for “inciting a riot” by peacefully sitting next to a white woman.

text: It's a two-sentence summary.

refinement: The Tallahassee bus boycott was an effort to end segregation on city buses in Tallahassee, Florida. The boycott began after two Florida A&M University students, Carrie Patterson and Wilhelmina Jakes, were arrested for “inciting a riot” by peacefully sitting next to a white woman. After three months of boycotting the buses, the drivers hired black employees, leading to a successful end to the boycott.


text:
HACKLEBURG — On a recent sultry summer afternoon, 81-year-old widow Nellie Allen sat on the porch of her one-story brick home, one in a strip of government-subsidized houses surrounded by fields and country roads.

Allen makes do on $900 a month from Social Security. She raised four kids and never worked outside the home. She doesn’t drive, so she can’t get to the nearest grocery store, which is several miles away. Even if she did, she wouldn’t be able to afford to buy what she needs.

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The big truck heading her way pulls to the side of a one-lane road to let oncoming cars pass by before it can reach her.

The truck is the West Alabama Food Bank’s mobile pantry. Its cargo includes some 5,000 pounds of food — boxes of bread, fruits, vegetables, drinks and pastries that it will deliver to dozens of people in rural Alabama, many of them poor, aging or disabled. All of them, like Allen, need help to make ends meet.

Allen pushes her wheelbarrow down a cracked sidewalk to a dead end to receive her groceries. Allen examines the contents of the box: She happily notices the lettuce and other greens she can put into a salad. With ranch dressing.

“We don’t get the same stuff every time,” she said. “But I can cook with it.”

Food pantries and soup kitchens tend to be in densely populated cities, where they can draw a lot of people. That model doesn’t work in rural counties, where settlement is sparse.

Counties with the highest rates of “food insecurity,” where people don’t have enough access to affordable, nutritious food, are disproportionately rural.

Rural counties make up 63 percent of U.S. counties but 79 percent of those with the worst food insecurity rates, according to Feeding America, a network of 200 food banks.

A confluence of events has led to a recent push for mobile food pantries. Hunger has decreased somewhat in urban settings since the Great Recession, but it remains stubborn in rural areas.

“The persistence is in these rural communities,” said Erin McDonald, vice president of research at Feeding America. That, combined with a trend in food service toward fresh and healthy food, even for the poor, instead of the old-fashioned canned and dry goods, has led pantries to use trucks.

Fresh food doesn’t keep, she said, and the rural poor lack transportation to food outlets with reasonable prices.

“Lack of availability, or cost, even with SNAP benefits, is a real challenge,” she said, referring to food stamps. “The combination of those factors results in a lot of our food banks stepping in … and turning to mobile access.”

The West Alabama Food Bank has a handful of refrigerated delivery trucks and recently received a $47,150 state grant to retrofit a 28-foot trailer with air conditioning, handicapped accessible features, a freezer and a cooler to serve more residents of “food deserts” in the western part of the state, near the Mississippi border.

While traditional food pantry trucks distribute boxes of pre-selected food, the new trailer, to be hitched up to a pickup truck, will allow people to select their own food. Most of it will be free, and the rest will be sold at or below cost.

Rural poverty levels have exceeded urban poverty for decades, according to a 2017 U.S. Department of Agriculture report. In the South, nearly 22 percent of residents who don’t live in metropolitan areas are in poor households. Over 15 percent of rural counties are “persistently poor,” compared with just 4 percent of urban counties.

The West Alabama Food Bank serves nine rural counties where more than 15 percent of the residents live below the federal poverty line, which is drawn at $25,100 for a family of four in 2018. Jean Rykaczewski, executive director of the West Alabama Food Bank, notes that one county in her territory, Sumter, has only three grocery stores, two of them in the town of Livingston.

“The rest of the time people are having to go to convenience stores, where they pay up to $5.99 for a gallon of milk that could be had for about $2.50 in Tuscaloosa,” she said. “We don’t have a big public transportation system out here. People are paying neighbors or friends or even family $25 for a trip to the grocery store.”

The new, large mobile food market will give people more control over what they get to eat, Rykaczewski said. Rather than taking a pre-filled box, they will get to make food choices, especially if they can buy some of the items at a low cost.

On the truck, Sabine Nad, who grew up in Germany in a farming community and was taught from an early age not to waste food, keeps a record of all her clients. They must register with the county social service department and qualify for the free food based on their incomes.

“I make it a bit easier for them because I come right to them,” said Nad, 49. She packs boxes in the Alabama heat, perspiring as she chooses from donated bags of lettuce, fresh celery, squash, grapes and oranges. A few drinks like soda, juice or Vitamin Water go into the boxes, along with day-old breads, cakes and donuts, and some boxes of cereal. The cartons are piled high.

Allen says the best part of meeting the food truck every other week is getting to talk to Nad, who has become her friend. They hug before Allen loads her box onto the wheelbarrow.

Allen’s friend O’Neal West, 78, hovers nearby in overalls, readying a makeshift hand truck held together with black tape to haul his box. They walk off slowly, together, Allen nursing a creaky back.

Down the road, John Seals, 83, pushes an empty wheelchair up to Nad’s truck. He loads a box into the chair and starts off toward his home. “It’s a real blessing to get this food,” he said. The chair belonged to his late wife, he recalls wistfully. “We kept the chair, and it comes in handy.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how the government supports the West Alabama Food Bank to the poor in urban and rural counties?

answer: The West Alabama Food Bank is given state grants to support and distribute free food to the rural poor. The reasons for rural poverty disproportionately outnumber urban poverty is that the rural poor lack adequate and affordable food options due to transportation and hig costs at grocery stores. The West Alabama Food Bank uses delivery trucks to address the lack of grocery options in rural areas. The trucks distribute mostly free food as well as some food that is sold at or below cost. The funding and services offered by the Farm Bank supports the rural poor struggling with inadequate grocery options.

text: Only the first line in this summary addresses how the government helps the Food Bank. The bulk of the summary is devoted to how the food bank helps the poor. All lines after the first line should be deleted

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank is given state grants to support and distribute free food to the rural poor.

text: This summary should expand upon the specific food grant recently given.

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank is given state grants to support and distribute free food to the rural poor. For instance, recently they received a $47,150 state grant to retrofit a 28-foot trailer with air conditioning and handicapped accessible features, a freezer and a cooler to serve food deserts in the western part of the state near the Mississippi border.

answer: Many urban and rural counties deal with a high percentage of people living below the federal poverty line. These people do not have adequate access to nearby grocery stores to purchase affordable, nutritious foodstuff. Hence, the West Alabama Food Bank took it upon itself to supply these people with food items. Noting the importance of feeding the poor in these various counties, the state government supports the Alabama food bank with grants to fund food supplies and refrigerated trucks where food is stored.

text: The information about how they support the poor is less important than the state grants.

refinement: The state government supports the Alabama food bank with grants to fund food supplies and refrigerated trucks where food is stored.

text: The concrete example from the article should be given.

refinement: The state government supports the Alabama food bank with grants to fund food supplies and refrigerated trucks where food is stored. For instance, recently they received a $47,150 state grant to retrofit a 28-foot trailer with air conditioning and handicapped accessible features, a freezer and a cooler to serve food deserts in the western part of the state near the Mississippi border.

answer: No answer

answer: The West Alabama Food Bank is funded primarily by state grants and serves nine rural counties where more than 15% of the resident population live in poverty. The truck service from the food bank provides these low-income and mostly elderly and disabled residents with fresh, nutritious food, something that would otherwise be inaccessible due to the difficulty of traveling to stores with reasonable prices, lack of transportation and the abundance of cheap, relatively unhealthy options in these rural areas.

text: These lines do not describe the State grants and should be eliminated

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank is funded primarily by state grants and serves nine rural counties where more than 15% of the resident population live in poverty.

text: An example of a state grant should be given.

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank is funded primarily by state grants and serves nine rural counties where more than 15% of the resident population live in poverty. For instance, recently they received a $47,150 state grant to retrofit a 28-foot trailer with air conditioning and handicapped accessible features, a freezer and a cooler to serve food deserts in the western part of the state near the Mississippi border.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how the food bank has helped the rural counties with food supply so far?

answer: The West Alabama Food Bank's mobile pantry allows rural residents to supplement their food supply with fresh and nutritious food that would otherwise be unaffordable or inaccessible. The food bank gives individuals in underserved rural areas more control over their eating habits, as well as more flexibility than traditional pantry boxes. This service has been vital in addressing hardship levels in rural areas, where poverty levels have historically exceeded urban rates.

answer: Jean Rykaczewski is the director of West Alabama Food Bank, which services west Alabama. She says that the food bank provides food to people in sparsely populated rural counties. Residents are unable to access affordable food that is available in densely populated places, explained Rykaczewski. There are only three grocery stores in the area but those in Livingston are quite far, hence people are left with the option of buying things at stores where they charge more. Rykaczewski says that the food banks are active in supplying food in other kind of places such as churches, shelters and organizations.

text: References to Jean Rykaeczewski should be avoided. This is a summary and should not recap the style of the news article.

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank services west Alabama, and provides food to people in sparsely populated rural counties. Residents are unable to access affordable food that is available in densely populated places. There are only three grocery stores in the area but those in Livingston are quite far, hence people are left with the option of buying things at stores where they charge more. Food banks are active in supplying food in other kind of places such as churches, shelters and organizations.

answer: The West Alabama Food Bank has contributed massively in aiding the poor in rural counties, including the percentage of households that live below the poverty line by supplying foodstuff to their district. Some of these counties have very few grocery stores miles away from the area, and a significant number of the residents do not have access to transportation. Some of these grocery stores sell expensive food items that they could get cheaper in a different county. However, the West Alabama Food Bank aids these rural counties by supplying them with food items in varieties. Some of the items are provided free, while others can be bought at a low cost for those who can afford them. Also, residents in the county with low income must register with their county's social service department to qualify for a free food supply.

text: The final line is irrelevant.

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank has contributed massively in aiding the poor in rural counties, including the percentage of households that live below the poverty line by supplying foodstuff to their district. Some of these counties have very few grocery stores miles away from the area, and a significant number of the residents do not have access to transportation. Some of these grocery stores sell expensive food items that they could get cheaper in a different county. However, the West Alabama Food Bank aids these rural counties by supplying them with food items in varieties. Some of the items are provided free, while others can be bought at a low cost for those who can afford them.

answer: The food bank is trying to find alternative ways of supplying food to rural counties because it is difficult to transport fresh or perishable food to these areas. A solution is to make food choices by letting people put together their own food. However, this provision of fresh food can only be viable with refrigeration. The grant of $47,150 will make the project more successful by providing refrigeration.

text: The line about the grant is not relevant here

refinement: The food bank is trying to find alternative ways of supplying food to rural counties because it is difficult to transport fresh or perishable food to these areas. A solution is to make food choices by letting people put together their own food. However, this provision of fresh food can only be viable with refrigeration.

text: This describes problems the food bank is trying to solve, rather than summarizing their activities. All three of these sentences should be scrapped and re-worded.

refinement: The West Alabama Food Bank services west Alabama, and provides food to people in sparsely populated rural counties. Residents are unable to access affordable food that is available in densely populated places. There are only three grocery stores in the area but those in Livingston are quite far, hence people are left with the option of buying things at stores where they charge more. Food banks are active in supplying food in other kind of places such as churches, shelters and organizations.

answer: The West Alabama Food Bank's mobile pantry benefits those living in rural counties by providing them with fresh, healthy food to make ends meet at affordable prices. The rural poor, who lack transportation to grocery stores, do not always have access to affordable, nutritious food in their locations. This mobile food pantry addresses this need specifically in rural counties, allowing more control for residents to select their own food. Although hungry levels have decreased in urban settings since the Great Recession, poverty remains persistent in rural areas.


text:
i woke up this morning with an image in my mind. it was the most peaceful dream i have ever had.
the dream started with myself, my sister,mother, and father standing around a candle.  The surrounding i don't recognize; but i can read the words MURPHY'S HOLDINGS written on the candle stick.
  while in this dream i felt that everything was as it should be, the world had no problems. I don't understand what that dream was about, nor do i care.  it gave me one of the most wholesome feelings i have ever felt in my life.
    I must mention that my mother and father were divorced 29 years ago.  my father disowned my sister seventeen years ago. and I am an atheist.  but somehow that still photo in my dream gave me the warmest feeling i have felt in 20 years.
  though i don't understand the dream or what we were celebrating.  i hope you and your family enjoy a happy MURPHY'S HOLDINGS HOLIDAY

title: murphy's holdings

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Murphy's Holdings?

answer: That information can't be found because the narrator doesn't know.

answer: Murphy's Holdings appears to be a celebratory entity of some sort, possibly related to the holiday season.

answer: It's unclear, but this dream has warmed the narrator.

answer: That information can't be found. It may be some kind of holiday

answer: Murphy's Holdings is apparently some sort of holiday that gives the dreamer a feeling of peace.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What gave the narrator the warmest feeling they've felt in 20 years?

answer: The warmest feeling the narrator has felt in 20 years was from a dream in which their mother, sister, and father were all gathered around a candle labeled as Murphy's Holdings.

text: This is a bit tricky to deduce because of the writing style but I think the picture gives the narrator warm feelings (in their dream). I included that there was a photo in their dream.

refinement: The warmest feeling the narrator has felt in 20 years was from a dream in which there was a photo of their mother, sister, and father were all gathered around a candle labeled as Murphy's Holdings.

answer: Though the narrator doesn't know what the dream was about or why the characters were standing around the candle with the name "Murphy's holdings" in it, reverting to the dream made them feel warm.

answer: Unclear

answer: The narrator's dream gave him this feeling because his family was all together, unlike in real life..

answer: The feeling is due to a dream the narrator had in which their mother, father, sister, and themselves were all standing around a candle with the words MURPHY'S HOLDINGS written on it. The dream gave the narrator a sense of peace and fulfillment unlike any they have experienced before. This feeling is what made the narrator feel the warmest they have felt in twenty years.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the dream the narrator had.

answer: The narrator dreamed that they and their family were surrounded by candles. He read the word MURPHY'S HOLDINGS written on the candles. His feelings before the dream gave him a wholesome feeling he had not felt in 20 years.

answer: The narrator dreams that his immediate family, which is strained in real life, were together celebrating around a candle. The candle had the word's "Murphy's Holdings" on it.

answer: The narrator had a dream that started with him and his family around a candle with the words "Murphy's Holdings" written on it. The family seemed happy and contented in the dream, despite being separated by circumstances in reality. The dream was peaceful and wholesome, giving the narrator a feeling of contentment.

answer: The dream consisted of the narrator, their sister, their mother, and their father standing around a candle with the words "Murphy's Holdings" written on it. The setting of the dream is unknown but they feel a wholesome sense of calm while in the dream. The dream could be symbolic for the family reuniting after a long period of estrangement. Although the meaning of the dream is unclear, it was extremely pleasant for the narrator.

answer: The narrator, their sister, mother, and father were surrounded by candle light and a candle with the word "Murphy's holdings". The narrator reads the word and they had a wholesome feeling.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What's the tone of the story.

answer: The tone of this story is being filled with a wholesome feeling. The dream creates an idyllic world with no problems, which is something the author would like to imagine for the rest of the world.

answer: The tone is positive and happy.

answer: It's written jokingly, but there's an undertone that he's telling the reader that they are making a family dysfunction joke.

answer: The tone of the story is nostalgic and wistful. The dream described provides a sudden moment of hope and happiness despite a difficult history and current realities.

answer: Happy and nostalgic

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is an atheist and says that they never cared much for holidays. However, they had a vision of a family celebrating a holiday for 'Murphy's Holdings'. The family in the dream included their mother, father and sister, all of whom the narrator hasn't seen in a long time.

text: It needs to be clear that this is not an actual holiday the narrator and their family have ever celebrated; what was interesting about the dream is the narrator has no idea what those words-affixed to the candlestick-mean.

refinement: The narrator is an atheist and says that they never cared much for holidays. However, they had a vision of a family celebrating a holiday, surrounding a candle with the words 'Murphy's Holdings' on the candlestick. The family in the dream included their mother, father and sister, all of whom the narrator hasn't seen in a long time.

answer: The narrator has a dream she describes as peaceful. In the dream she sees her mother and father, and her sister. Even though they have not been on good terms for a long time, there's no hint of tension or conflict. The phrase "Murphy's holdings" is written on the candle and gives the narrator a feeling of wholesomeness.

answer: The narrator dreams that his immediate family, which is strained in real life, were together celebrating around a candle. The candle had the word's "Murphy's Holdings" on it. The narrator feels the warmest they have in 20 years because of how peaceful the dream was.

answer: In the dream, the narrator saw themselves, their sister, their mother, and their father gathered around a candle with the words "Murphy's Holdings" written on it. In this dream, the narrator felt everything was as it should be and experienced a sense of wholesomeness. While they don't know what this dream means, they hope that everyone enjoys their holiday from Murphy's Holdings.

answer: The protagonist wakes up with a peaceful image in their mind: a candle with the words "Murphy's Holdings" written on it. Though they don't understand the meaning of the dream, the protagonist feels that everything in the dream is right and wholesome. The dream gives the protagonist a feeling of peace that they have not felt in a long while.


text:
On Friday 28 February 1992, the Provisional IRA (IRA) exploded a bomb inside London Bridge station during the morning rush hour, causing extensive damage and wounding 29 people.[1] A day later, a device exploded at the Crown Prosecution Service in London, injuring a further two people.

The attacks were carried out by one of the IRA's London active service units who were becoming more active and frequently targeting more train stations. It occurred just over a year after a bomb at Victoria station.[2]

Bombing

Around 8:20 am, someone rang Ulster Television's London office warning that a bomb was going to explode in a London station, without saying which one. About ten minutes later, the bomb detonated, which made debris fly almost fifty feet away from the blast area.[3] Twenty nine people were hurt in the explosion, most of them from flying glass and other bits of debris; four were seriously hurt but nobody was killed.

The victims were treated at Guy's Hospital.[4]

Aftermath

The head of Scotland Yard's anti terrorist squad, George Churchill-Coleman, said the two lb bomb of high explosives was “clearly designed to kill.” Investigations suggested that the bomb was placed in the men's restrooms. Churchill-Coleman added that the IRA's warning was “deliberately vague” and was given too late to act upon.[5]

Prime Minister John Major said the bombing would not change British policy in Northern Ireland. “It was pointless. It was cowardly. It was directed against innocent people and it will make absolutely no difference to our policy -- no difference at all.”[6] Home Secretary Kenneth Baker said it was a “callous attack”.[7]

Fearing additional IRA attacks on public transport, the security services warned commuters “more than ever” to stay on guard at all times.[8] The next day, another bomb went off in London, by the Crown Prosecution Service office, injuring two more people and bringing the total injured to 31 in the space of just over 24 hours.[9]

This was one of dozens of bombs that detonated in London that year, the biggest of which was the Baltic Exchange bombing, killing three people and causing almost £1 billion worth of damage.[10] The IRA maintained this pressure, bombing mainland Britain and especially the city of London as much as possible until the ceasefire of 1994.[11][12][13]

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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title: 1992 London Bridge bombing

question: When did the bombing occur?

answer: The bombing occurred on Friday, February 28, 1992.

answer: On the morning of February 28, 1992, but a second bombing occurred the following day

answer: February 28, 1992

answer: The bombing occurred on Friday, February 28, 1992.

question: How many were injured in the bombing?

answer: Twenty nine people were injured in the bombing.

answer: 29 people were injured in the bombing.

answer: 29 people

answer: Twenty nine people were hurt in the explosion.

question: Where were victims treated?

answer: The victims were treated at Guy's Hospital.

answer: Guy's Hospital

answer: The victims were treated at Guy's Hospital.

answer: Guy's Hospital

question: What was the largest attack by the IRA in 1992?

answer: The Baltic Exchange bombing.

text: This was one of dozens of bombs that detonated in London that year, the biggest of which was the Baltic Exchange bombing, killing three people and causing almost £1 billion worth of damage.

answer: The largest attack by the IRA in 1992 was the Baltic Exchange bombing.

text: This was one of dozens of bombs that detonated in London that year, the biggest of which was the Baltic Exchange bombing, killing three people and causing almost £1 billion worth of damage.

answer: The largest attack by the IRA in 1992 was the Baltic Exchange bombing, which killed three people and caused almost £1 billion worth of damage.

text: This was one of dozens of bombs that detonated in London that year, the biggest of which was the Baltic Exchange bombing, killing three people and causing almost £1 billion worth of damage.

answer: The Baltic Exchange bombing

text: This was one of dozens of bombs that detonated in London that year, the biggest of which was the Baltic Exchange bombing, killing three people and causing almost £1 billion worth of damage.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The Provisional IRA exploded a bomb inside London Bridge station during the morning rush hour, causing extensive damage and wounding 29 people. The next day, another bomb went off in London, by the Crown Prosecution Service office, injuring two more people and bringing the total injured to 31 in the space of just over 24 hours. The IRA maintained this pressure, bombing mainland Britain and especially the city of London as much as possible until the ceasefire of 1994.

answer: On Friday 28 February 1992, the Provisional IRA (IRA) exploded a bomb inside London Bridge station during the morning rush hour, causing extensive damage and wounding 29 people. A day later, a device exploded at the Crown Prosecution Service in London, injuring a further two people. The attacks were carried out by one of the IRA's London active service units who were becoming more active and frequently targeting more train stations. It occurred just over a year after a bomb at Victoria station.

answer: On 28 February 1992, the Provisional IRA (IRA) detonated a bomb inside London Bridge station, injuring 29 people. This was one of many bombings that took place in London that year, with the biggest being the Baltic Exchange bombing, which killed three people. The IRA continued to bomb mainland Britain until the 1994 ceasefire.

answer: The 1992 London Bridge Bombing was a bombing carried out by the Provisional IRA on February 28, 1992 inside the London Bridge station during morning rush hour. It caused extensive damage and wounded 29 people. The following day, another bomb exploded at the Crown Prosecution Service in London, injuring two more people.