text:
ANSON PACELY KILLEN SAFFORD[1] (c. February 14, 1830[2]– December 15, 1891) was the third Governor of Arizona Territory. Affectionately known as the “Little Governor” due to his stature, he was also Arizona's longest-serving territorial governor. His work to create a public education system earned him the name “Father of the Arizona Public Schools”. Safford is additionally known for granting himself a divorce.

Background

Safford was born to Joseph Warren and Diantha P. (Little) Safford in Hyde Park, Vermont, on February 14 of either 1828 or 1830.{{#tag:ref|Safford's autobiography lists his year of birth as 1828, while other period sources list 1830.|group=“Note”|name=“DOB”}} When he was eight, his family moved to Crete, Illinois, where they farmed. Safford was largely self-educated, attending only five quarters at a county school followed later by six months at a different school. His father died in 1848 and his mother in 1849. Safford left the family farm in March 1850 as part of the California Gold Rush.

After his arrival in California, Safford began working a claim in Placer County that produced from five to twenty dollars per day. His leisure time was spent reading from a set of books he had purchased to further his education. In 1854 he moved to a new claim and in 1855 was a Democratic party nominee for a seat in the California State Assembly, losing his race to a Know Nothing candidate. Safford won a seat as an assemblyman in 1857 and was reelected in 1859.

Following his time in the state legislature, Safford moved to San Francisco where he operated an earthworks business. When the American Civil War broke out, he changed his political affiliation to the Unionist party and later became a Republican. Safford moved to Nevada in early 1862 and was elected county commissioner for Humboldt County in November 1862. After a month in office, he resigned as commissioner and later served as a mining recorder and county recorder. Safford was secretary of the Nevada constitutional convention in November 1863 and president of Nevada's first Republican state convention. To add to his cultural experience, Safford took a two-year trip to Europe and then returned to Nevada. He turned down a nomination to the US House of Representatives before being appointed surveyor-general of Nevada by President Andrew Johnson in March 1867. Safford served as surveyor-general for two years before health issues forced him to resign.

Safford married Jenny (or Jennie) L. Tracy in Tucson, Arizona, on July 24, 1869. The couple had a son who was born July 2, 1870, and died August 28, 1871. The couple quickly became estranged and their dispute escalated to the point where Jenny Safford had notices printed claiming her husband had engaged in infidelity and was suffering from a venereal disease. This marriage ended when Arizona's territorial legislature passed a bill granting a divorce to the couple. Governor Safford signing the bill into law in January 1873 and his ex-wife remarried on February 24, 1873.[3] Safford's second marriage was to Margarita Grijalva on December 12, 1878. The couple had one daughter before Margarita Safford died in New York City on January 7, 1880. Safford's third marriage was to Soledad Bonillas, sister of Ignacio Bonillas, on September 10, 1881. During his life, Safford adopted two children.

Governorship

On March 13, 1869, the Nevada Congressional delegation of Thomas Fitch, James W. Nye, and William M. Stewart petitioned President Ulysses S. Grant to nominate Safford as Governor of Arizona Territory. This nomination was supported by Arizona's Coles Bashford, John N. Goodwin, and Richard C. McCormick along with political figures from California. Safford was nominated on April 3, 1869, commissioned April 9, 1869, and sworn into office on July 9, 1869. His second term began in April 1873 and he declined a third term.

The Safford administration immediately faced the problem of hostile Indians. To counter this threat he called for the creation of volunteer militia and worked with Territorial Delegate McCormick to have General George Stoneman replaced by George Crook in June 1871. Safford was also forced to assign a military force to guard the road between Gila Bend and Fort Yuma from Mexican outlaws. Other efforts to combat lawlessness included the governor petitioning the territorial legislature to make highway robbery a capital offense and the building of a territorial prison. As a result of these efforts Indian hostilities were largely eliminated, with only occasional outbreaks, and enough order was instilled into the territory to allow for ranching activities to move to Arizona.

Safford's passion while in office was the creation of a public school system. This effort was initially opposed by the legislature, but the governor was able to win passage of a new property tax on February 17, 1871, to finance creation and operation of schools. As _ex officio_ superintendent of public instruction, the governor corresponded with educators across the nation and even used his personal funds to help build schools or bring new teachers to Arizona. Arizona's first public school opened during March 1872 in Tucson. The one room adobe structure had a single teacher and, at its peak, 138 students. Other schools were built throughout the territory over the next few years. During his address to the territorial legislature in January 1877, Safford was pleased to report that at least 1450 of the 2955 children counted in the May 1876 census could read and write.

After office

After leaving office Safford opened one of Arizona's first banks, with offices in Tucson and Tombstone. He was admitted to the bar in January 1875 but did not work as an attorney. Instead, with the assistance of his friend, John S. Vosburg, helped finance several mines. When the first claims were filed in Tombstone, the initial settlement of tents and cabins was located at Watervale near the Lucky Cuss mine. Safford offered financial backing for a cut of the Lucky Cuss mining claim, and Ed Schieffelin, his brother Al, and their partner Richard Gird formed the Tombstone Mining and Milling Company and with Safford's backing built the first stamping mill. When the mill was built, the town site was moved to Goose Flats, a mesa above the Toughnut above sea level and large enough to hold a growing town.[4]

[Stock certificate of the Consolidated Tombstone Gold and Silver Mining Company] In early March 1881, the Tombstone Mining and Milling Company was sold to capitalists from Philadelphia, and Safford became president of the new Tombstone Gold and Silver Milling and Mining Company with Richard Gird was superintendent.[5] Ed and Al Schieffelin soon sold their one-third ownership in the Tough Nut for $1 million and moved on, although Al remained in Tombstone for sometime longer. Gird later sold off his one-third interest for $1 million, doubling what the Schieffelins had been paid. In 1880, Safford was a delegate to the Republican National Convention.

In the early 1880s, Safford sold his business interests for roughly $140,000 and moved to Philadelphia and then New York City. By 1882 Safford had moved to Florida and become involved with building the new community of Tarpon Springs. He was a candidate for Arizona Territorial Governor again in 1889, with support coming from Matthew Quay, Leland Stanford, and William M. Stewart, but was not nominated. Safford's later years were spent in Florida with his family and sister, Mary Jane Safford-Blake. He died on December 15, 1891, in Tarpon Springs and was buried at Cycadia Cemetery.

[1] Various sources give multiple variations for the spelling of Safford's two middle names. Among these are Peasley, Peacely, Keeler, and Killen.

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Anson P. K. Safford

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the drive and motivation behind Anson Safford's creation of the public school system.

answer: Most likely, Safford embarked on this endeavor out of a desire to find and utilize societal wealth, rather than amass it. He exhibited this drive by donating his personal funds to the building of schools, and was able to find willing partners and funding to do so. Admittedly, some of Safford's vitality can be attributed to guarding against the risk of future political opponents, however, the platform of generating public education through a tax on property was likely to be large.

text: It's not clear that Safford was motivated by guarding against political opponent and his actions were initially opposed by the legislature.

refinement: Most likely, Safford embarked on this endeavor out of a desire to find and utilize societal wealth, rather than amass it. He exhibited this drive by donating his personal funds to the building of schools, and was able to find willing partners and funding to do so.

text: It's not intuitively obvious from the passage that this was his motivation, although it could be extrapolated by the fact he used a property tax to fund public schools

refinement: Most likely, Safford embarked on this endeavor out of a desire to find and utilize societal wealth, rather than amass it, based on the fact he passed a new property tax to fund public schools. He also donated his personal funds to the building of schools, and was able to find willing partners and funding to do so.

answer: The fact that Safford was not able to get the traditional level of education as others of his time means that he faced any of his later career challenges with significantly less security in his educational foundation. While his self-education has proven itself in his political career, he would have certainly encountered many instances where his lack of formal education would have been self-evident. Putting all these together makes it very logical for Safford to prioritize the formation of a public school system that to bolster education by making it accessible for people in all walks of life.

text: While this is possible, it's not clear from the article that Safford did encounter situations where his lack of education would have been exposed.

refinement: The fact that Safford was not able to get the traditional level of education as others of his time means that he faced any of his later career challenges with significantly less security in his educational foundation. It is therefore possible that this motivated Safford to prioritize the formation of a public school system that to bolster education by making it accessible for people in all walks of life.

answer: Safford had a strong drive to create a public education system and kept striving towards it despite opposition. After retiring from his position as governor he returned to Pennsylvania, where he had not lived for a while, and moved to new areas. He was involved in movements and business opportunities associated with new possibilities in agriculture, namely the growth of celery, which was successful.

text: The answer doesn't actually answer the question.

refinement: Safford had a strong drive to create a public education system and kept striving towards it despite opposition. Part of this may have been because of his lack of formal education in his youth, and he used his own funds to build schools and later expressed pride in the number of children being able to read and write as result of public schools. Part of this may also have been motivated by an interest to use the state's wealth for public good, seeing how he used new a property tax to finance the creation and operation of these schools.

answer: Safford was motivated to create a public school system in order to increase educational access and combat lawlessness. Leveraging a new property tax for funding, Safford corresponded with educators across the US and worked with Territorial Delegate McCormick to have General George Stoneman replaced by George Crook. By 1877, Safford was pleased to report that 1450 of the 2955 children in Arizona could read and write.

text: It's not apparent that Safford's work to combat lawlessness are at all related to education; if anything, since the source of conflict appears to have originated from Native Americans and Mexicans, the lawlessness is framed as being linked to 'outsiders' rather than people who would be able to access or benefit from public education.

refinement: Safford was motivated to create a public school system in order to increase educational access. Leveraging a new property tax for funding, Safford corresponded with educators across the US. By 1877, Safford was pleased to report that 1450 of the 2955 children in Arizona could read and write.

text: The answer doesn't develop Safford's motivations sufficiently.

refinement: Safford was motivated to create a public school system in order to increase educational access, possibly because he had a limited formal education as a child. Leveraging a new property tax for funding, and using the state's wealth, Safford corresponded with educators across the US. By 1877, Safford was pleased to report that 1450 of the 2955 children in Arizona could read and write.

answer: Safford wanted to establish a public school system to promote more order and stability in Arizona Territory. The governor was passionate about this goal and corresponded with educators across the nation while using his own personal funds to help build schools in the area. Safford was pleased to report in 1877 that at least 1450 of the 2955 children in the territory could read and write.

text: It's not clear that Stafford's motivations are linked to order and stability, since it's the issue of lawlessness is framed as coming from 'outsiders' (Native Americans and Mexicans) rather than a general societal problem.

refinement: The governor was passionate about this goal and corresponded with educators across the nation while using his own personal funds to help build schools in the area. Safford was pleased to report in 1877 that at least 1450 of the 2955 children in the territory could read and write.

text: Safford's motivations could be conveyed more clearly.

refinement: The governor was passionate about education, possibly because he was unable to enjoy much of a formal education as a child, and corresponded with educators across the nation while using his own personal funds to help build schools in the area. He was also willing to use wealth from property to fund these new schools. Safford was pleased to report in 1877 that at least 1450 of the 2955 children in the territory could read and write.


split: train

text:
ACI 12TH ANNUAL AIRPORT ECONOMICS & FINANCE

CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION

INCORPORATING THE 6TH ACI-WORLD BANK ANNUAL AVIATION SYMPOSIUM
SPRING, 2021

In the light of many considerations arising from the severe and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global community, we regret to announce the postponement of the 12th Annual ACI Airport Economics and Finance Conference & Exhibition. The event will now not take place on 22 – 24 September 2020 but in the spring of 2021 – dates to follow soon.

Together with our host Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad, we have been closely monitoring the situation in conjunction with advice and directives from local government and health authorities over the past few months. Given the ongoing uncertainties in the coming months, including but not limited to travel restrictions and connectivity across borders, as well as other health protective measures and restrictions on large-group gatherings, we have difficulty ensuring the delivery of a productive event.

Our primary and foremost priority remains to safeguard the health and well-being of all participants and workers of the event. We are also mindful that our airport members and partners would be prioritizing their time and efforts on resumption of operations and business activities in the recovery period. Postponement of the event would allow them to focus on matters at hand.

We wish to thank all the partners, sponsors, exhibitors and registered delegates for your patience and support. We will reach out to all participants individually regarding your respective arrangements. We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and covet your understanding for these exceptional times. Please stay tuned for updates on the new schedule and plans.

PLATINUM SPONSOR
[]

SILVER SPONSOR
[]

LANYARD SPONSOR
[]

About The Event

Airports Council International’s comprehensive 12th Annual Airport Economics & Finance Conference & Exhibition and the 6th ACI-World Bank Annual Aviation Symposium will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia after many years of taking place in London. We are delighted to announce that this year’s event will be hosted by Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad who are looking forward to welcoming you to their diverse and exciting city. The event will take place at EQ, in the heart of Kuala Lumpur and it’s famed Golden Triangle and Equatorial Plaza, and just a short walk from the Petronas Twin Towers on Tuesday, 22 – Thursday, 24 September 2020.

WHAT TO EXPECT:

-   A robust programme with numerous high-quality sessions
-   Cutting edge presentations and insightful panel discussions
-   Influential and industry-leading speakers
-   Networking opportunities with airport, finance and economics professionals
-   A unique event to expand and advance your knowledge and network

Airports Council International

[]Airports Council International (ACI), the trade association of the world’s airports, was founded in 1991 with the objective of fostering cooperation among its member airports and other partners in world aviation. In representing the best interests of airports during key phases of policy development, ACI makes a significant contribution toward ensuring a global air transport system that is safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainable. As of January 2019, ACI serves 646 members, operating 1,960 airports in 176 countries.

[]With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries.

The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries. Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.

[]Malaysia Airports is Malaysia’s main airport operator managing 39 airports throughout Malaysia, comprising five international airports, 16 domestic airports, and 18 Short Take-Off and Landing airports (STOLports). It is one of the world’s largest airport operator groups in terms of number of passengers handled. Its overseas operations includes full ownership of the Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen International Airport in Turkey as well as IT operations management in Hamad International Airport in Doha.

Read more

Newsletter

Join our e-newsletter list to follow closely all updates on the event.

Media Gallery

See the photos of AE&F 2019

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the ACI 12th Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition postponement?

answer: The ACI 12th Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition is being postponed until the spring of 2021 due to uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 and its impact on the global community. The primary and foremost priority is safeguarding the health and well-being of all involved.

text: Doesn't specify the new prospective dates.

refinement: The ACI 12th Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition is being postponed until the spring of 2021 due to uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 and its impact on the global community. The primary and foremost priority is safeguarding the health and well-being of all involved. The event will now take place in the spring of 2021.

answer: The ACI 12th Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition is being postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic and its negative impacts. The event will now take place in the spring of 2021.

text: Doesn't explain why COVID is a good reason to shut down the event.

refinement: The ACI 12th Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition is being postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic and its negative impacts. The primary and foremost priority is safeguarding the health and well-being of all involved. The event will now take place in the spring of 2021.

answer: The text includes the subject line and a postponement statement for the 12th Annual ACI Airport Economics and Finance Conference & Exhibition. It cites the postponement due to the extreme and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global community. The new date of the event won't be shared until soon, following the current travel restrictions, connectivity across borders, and other measures to protect the health of the community. The host Malaysia Airports is looking forward to welcoming everyone while thanking all the partners, sponsors, exhibitors, and registrants for their patience and support.

text: The text actually specifies when the new prospective dates will be.

refinement: The text includes the subject line and a postponement statement for the 12th Annual ACI Airport Economics and Finance Conference & Exhibition. It cites the postponement due to the extreme and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global community. The new date of the event will be in spring of 2021, though specifics won't be shared until soon, following the current travel restrictions, connectivity across borders, and other measures to protect the health of the community. The host Malaysia Airports is looking forward to welcoming everyone while thanking all the partners, sponsors, exhibitors, and registrants for their patience and support.

text: Doesn't clarify why COVID will shut down the event.

refinement: The text includes the subject line and a postponement statement for the 12th Annual ACI Airport Economics and Finance Conference & Exhibition. It cites the postponement due to the extreme and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global community. Their primary and foremost priority is to safeguard the health and well-being of all involved. The new date of the event will be in spring of 2021, though specifics won't be shared until soon, following the current travel restrictions, connectivity across borders, and other measures to protect the health of the community. The host Malaysia Airports is looking forward to welcoming everyone while thanking all the partners, sponsors, exhibitors, and registrants for their patience and support.

answer: The postponement of the ACI Annual Airport Economics and Finance Conference and Exhibition for 2020 was due to the covid-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions. The event, scheduled to hold between the 22nd to 24th of September 2020, was shifted to spring of 2021. The board of directors hoped to ensure that they followed the strict directives from government and health officials regarding movement and get-togethers. Following the travel restrictions, the postponement would allow airport members and partners to have more time on their hands to resume business activities and operations.

answer: The announcement states that the conference has been postponed due to a severe and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

text: Doesn't explain that the dates have been moved.

refinement: The announcement states that the conference has been postponed due to a severe and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The event, scheduled to hold between the 22nd to 24th of September 2020, was shifted to spring of 2021.

text: Doesn't explain why COVID will shut down the event.

refinement: The announcement states that the conference has been postponed due to a severe and prolonged impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. With advice and directives from local government and health authorities over the past few months, as well as health protective measures and restrictions on large-group gatherings, they have difficulty ensuring the delivery of a productive event. Their primary and foremost priority remains to safeguard the health and well-being of all participants and workers of the event. The event, scheduled to hold between the 22nd to 24th of September 2020, was shifted to spring of 2021.


text:
Fear is like a seed. It starts out small, but with time and without restraint, it grows inside me, consumes me, and leaves me an empty husk of my former self. When I was a young child, I had no fears. I could climb the tallest tree, swim the longest lake, run the longest distance. My father smiled at my innocence, and my mother laughed at my youthfulness. Then my mother got very sick. She had fourth stage pancreatic cancer and died just two weeks after she had been diagnosed. This all happened when I was just twelve years old. My father turned bitter and violent. He never hit me, but his harsh and condescending words hurt as much as a whip. My mother was an incredible piano player, and my father forced me to follow in her footsteps. I practiced hard and often, but my father was insatiable; he would scream and hurl profanities at me every time I missed a key. That’s when I learned about fear; fear is the ugly clang of my fingers slipping on the piano keys, knowing that every mistake I make is just one more thing for my father to add to my list of failures. Fear is the icy gust that makes my skin prickle as my sharp-tongued father slams the door.

Despite my protest, my father entered me in multiple piano contests. He told me that he didn't expect me to win, but that maybe the judges would find me so abominable that they’d take pity on me and give me a prize anyway. A few minutes before I took the stage, my stomach clenched up; at my very first performance, I discovered I had crippling stage fright. I realized fear is the suffocating vice that crushes my lungs and leaves me gasping for breath. The once friendly applause of the crowd now sounds like a wild chant dooming me to failure. Fear is the acidic taste that fills my mouth as I prepare to take the stage. The gentle melody of the other performer’s music now sounds like a clock, loud and patronizing, counting down to the moment I will take the stage, and how much longer I have until I must return to my father’s condescending words.   Fear is the pounding of my heart and the inescapable glare of the spotlight, focused only on me. The heat is suffocating, but not as much as the thought that if this performance isn't perfect, my father will scream at me until his voice and my self-esteem are worn away.

I sat down nervously and played my song. I made no mistakes, but my playing lacked any feelings or emotions. Fear had shut me down; I couldn't have stopped playing if my life had depended on it. After the show, a boy slightly older than me congratulated me on my performance. I would see him see him many times throughout the next year; his name was Tyler. I went to my father expecting to get a fake smile to appease the judges (in years past, his shouts and abusive nature had worried the judges, which had led to awkward confrontations), but he just dragged me into the car.
“What on Earth was that crap?! Did I waste my precious time teaching you how to press keys? No! I taught you to win! Clearly, you don’t have your mother’s talent. I guess you’ll never be good enough. I should have known better.”

The rest of the drive home was spent in an angry silence. Fear is the salty tang in the air as bitter tears stain my cheeks.

As many more terrifying piano recitals came and went, I grew very close to Tyler. I was with him every day from six to nine for five years, and he became my closest friend. I trusted him with my life and told him all about my verbally abusive father. He seemed to be the only one who understood my unhappiness; he had a mother who was equally strict, although she had abandoned him a few months before he and I had met. We ended up dating and moved in together when I was eighteen; although my father couldn't control me, I could still hear his insults repeated in my head. Without my father there to hurl insults at me, I began to do it on my own. Tyler had started out very kind and understanding, but soon became frustrated with my crazy ramblings; he would often beat me when I muttered about what a failure I was. It was then that I learned fear is loving someone who will only hurt you. Fear is the slap of realization that my life will only get worse; just as bitter a feeling as Tyler actually slapping me. Tyler soon called my father to our house. When he saw my disheveled appearance, he laughed and told me I looked close to snapping. When those words passed his lips, a strange look came over his face.
The next day my father was found dead, and I was convicted as the murderer after. I had been deemed medically insane and a danger to society. It is from this penitentiary that I tell you my story. Fear is an ocean. Its tides ebb and flow; sometimes there is only a prickling of doubt, sometimes there is an overwhelming urge to hide and never come out. Fear is the shock of losing my desperate hold on the cliff of my life, plunging into the frigid waters below, the weight of my past dragging me down past the crashing waves. The ocean of my fears has swallowed me up, and I have been imprisoned. There is no escape; I will stay forgotten, alone in this room until I lose all sense of time and hope. Falsely kind faces smile at me and tell me that I’m alright, and I’ll only be here for “a short while”, but I know that I’ll be here forever. Fear is the realization that no matter what they say, I won’t be all right.

title: Fear is

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What fate does the main character suffer?

answer: She becomes falsely found guilty of killing her father

answer: The main character is wrongly convicted of murder and sentenced to be imprisoned, despite her innocence.

answer: The main character seems to be wrongly accused of murder. It is likely that she's thrown into a mental ward as described by the last lines of her story.

answer: She is put in prison for murdering her father.

answer: The main character is falsely convicted of murdering her father, and sentenced to prison.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why does the main character enter into a cycle of abuse?

answer: The cycle of abuse started when she was only 12 when she heard that her mother would not recover from her illness. She gleaned that her father was consumed by his unending fury that manifested itself into physical and verbal abuse that she experienced since she was a child.

answer: The main character enters into a cycle of abuse because she has experienced tremendous pain and loss and her fear prevents her from escaping the abuse. The abuse scars the main character both physically and emotionally. The abuse has led her to believe that she will never be good enough, no matter what she does, and that her only value lies in being the victim of abuse. The abuse in her life has left her feeling numb and frozen in her fear, and the end appears to be inevitable.

answer: Her father starts verbally abusing her after her mother dies.

answer: Initially she cannot understand her father's consistent put-downs. As she grows, she tries harder to understand - to win their affections - and instead winds up in a cycle of abuse. She eventually seeks a way out with the help of her first boyfriend, Tyler. He tells the narrator that she is crazy and beats her after a while, thinking she's come undone and needs correction to come back to his side. It's only after Tyler calls the narrator's father that the narrator starts to reflect on her behavior; Tyler kicks her around calling her a freak until she is admitted to a mental health facility. In there her father is found dead after a short time and she's blamed for his death.

answer: The main character enters into a cycle of abuse because she is afraid of disappointing her father and being subjected to his verbal abuse. This cycle of abuse grows stronger with subsequent recitals where she is subjected to the paralyzing fear of failure. This leads to her entering into a relationship where she is abused due to the belief that no one else will love her and be there for her.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What happens when she moves in with her best friend Tyler?

answer: He starts to beat her before eventually calling up her abusive father.

answer: Her abusive thoughts manifest as Tyler beating her.

answer: Her best friend starts to beat her for her crazy ramblings and her father is found dead. She is then convicted of his murder and imprisoned.

answer: Her best friend Tyler starts to physically abuse her after her father dies. She starts to feel fear as fear is the realization that no matter what will happen, she's not going to get better.

text: Before her father dies

refinement: Her best friend Tyler starts to physically abuse her. She starts to feel fear as fear is the realization that no matter what will happen, she's not going to get better.

answer: He eventually beats her

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What activity does the main character's father's abuse center around?

answer: Playing the piano.

answer: The main character's father verbally abuses the main character in order to make her a better pianist.

answer: The narrator's father forces her to compete in piano contests, screams at her if she makes any mistakes, and pushes her to practice harder.

answer: It centers around the piano.

answer: The main character's father's abuse centers around their piano playing. The main character's father forced them to practice often and reacted violently if they made any mistakes. This caused the main character to develop debilitating stage fright and a crippling fear of failure.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: In her youth, the protagonist experienced the death of her mother and tumultuous relationship with her father. Experiencing paralyzing stage fright at piano recitals only worsened as she grew older. This led her to murder her father, and she was subsequently convicted and imprisoned. She reflects upon the fear she has experienced, including the fear of being forgotten and alone, trapped in her prison cell for the rest of her life.

answer: This story is about a girl who is abused by her father after her mother dies. She begins to date one of her best friends from piano class but he starts to beat her. Then he calls her father over and she becomes so enraged she kills him, and goes to prison.

answer: This story captures the narrator's struggle with their abusive, verbally degrading father. They have to follow the expectations of their father, and their father abuses them and verbally makes them feel inferior. When they have a first piano performance and their father undermines, ridicules, and abuses them, this causes a wedge on their friendship with Layton, their neighbor who is her first boyfriend.

answer: A child watched her mother die of cancer. Her father grew bitter and abusive toward her following her mother's death. Because of this, and a love of music, the narrator got into a relationship with someone else who happened to be similarly abusive. The man, who was actually her father's murderer, falsely put the blame on her, and she was sent to prison where she was deemed criminally insane.

answer: The narrator describes fear as a seed that starts small but grows over time and without restraint. The narrator's mother died when he was just 12, and her father started to abuse him verbally, leading to more instability. In adulthood, the narrator dated Tyler and ended up murdering her father. Upon her arrest, the narrator became aware she was going to be locked away for life. The fear that she will never escape her prison consumes her every moment.


text:
JOSEPH WHITEHOUSE, my 3rd great-grandfather, was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.  He was apparently born about 1793, according to various Census records, but no parish register has yet been found for his birth. Joseph's parents are unknown at this time.

A marriage has been tentatively used for him, but has not yet been accepted as proven.  For the purposes of future research, his first child Samuel was christened in St. Thomas church in Dudley, Staffordshire; his mother was listed as Mary.  He apparently married 17 March 1822 to Mary GROVES, in Dudley, where the family apparently settled.  Dudley was a large area, and inhabitants often stated Dudley on forms when they actually lived in Rowley Regis and other small hamlets in the surrounding area.

[]Joseph worked first as a Nailer (nail-maker) and later as a Miner.  This occupation information shows up on baptism records of his first sons, then on the marriage registration of my direct ancestor Thomas WHITEHOUSE, the 4th son of Joseph and Mary, seen above. You will notice his son's marriage register records Joseph as "Dead" at the time, 1856.

TheBlack Midlandshad many mines, iron foundaries, and steel mills in the region, as it was very rich in coal and iron.  The men and older boys experienced amazingly hard unhealthy work here in the mines and in the nail-making industry(the latter often done as a home based job, and others in the family would also help, in order to supplement the family income).

He and his wife, Mary, had 7 boys for whom I have found christening records (all at St. Thomas Church):  _** indicates my direct ancestor_
  - Samuel  b. 23 Oct 1822    m. Johana, at least 2 boys
  - Benjamin  b. 11 Aug 1824   no marr. found to date
  - Henry  b. 5 Jul 1827     m. Jane Price, 3 boys, 1 girl
  - **Thomas  b. 10 Jul 1829   m. twice; Sarah PRICE Shutt (wid), 5 boys, 1 girl
  - Eli   b. 18 Mar 1832    m. Mary Ann Homer,  4 boys, 4 girls
  - John  b. 18 Jun 1834   no marr. found to date
  - Enoch  b. 9 Jul 1836  m. Esther Carter,  4 boys, 1 girl

I have not yet been able to find Joseph WHITEHOUSE on the 1841 UK Census for either Staffordshire or Worcestershire.  So far I've checked with all 7 of the children, and there are several possibilities and more ways of searching of course.  Perhaps I'll find him mistranscribed after I go through more Censuses page by page.

Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church (burial record with death date).  Note that St. Thomas Church is in the parish of Worcestershire due to historical decisions.  His wife Mary is shown with various groupings of the younger boys in the following Censuses, living later with her married sons, Eli and then Enoch, after they were married.

My goal for this year is to continue searching in the WHITEHOUSE line.  My research log has many possible records still to check online, as well as possible correspondence to write for additional details.   Maybe I'll find a snippet or two here and there to fill out our history.  25 grandchildren - that I know of - lived to continue Joseph's heritage in Canada, Washington State, and England.

And if you have any information on any of these people, please do not hesitate to contact me by either leaving a comment below, or emailing me at calewis at telus dot net.  Thanks for dropping by.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe the conditions of Joseph Whitehouse's birth.

answer: Joseph Whitehouse was born in Rowley Regis, an area in Staffordshire, in England. He was born in 1793, according to various census records. However, no parish record has been found for his birth. His parents are unknown at this time.

answer: The birth date is unknown before the notation "1793, according to various census records"

text: It is omitted that he was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

refinement: The birth date is unknown before the notation "1793, according to various census records". He was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

text: Rather 'He was apparently born about 1793, according to various Census records' than 'before the notation "1793, according to various census records"'

refinement: The birth date is unknown. He was apparently born about 1793, according to various Census records. He was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

answer: Joseph Whitehouse was likely born in poverty in or near the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. He likely worked as a nail-maker and/or miner until his death in 1844 and likely worked under harsh and unhealthy conditions.

text: It is omitted that the birth date is unknown. He was apparently born about 1793, according to various Census records. He was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

refinement: The birth date is unknown. He was apparently born about 1793, according to various Census records. He was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England. Joseph Whitehouse was likely born in poverty in or near the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. He likely worked as a nail-maker and/or miner until his death in 1844 and likely worked under harsh and unhealthy conditions.

answer: Joseph Whitehouse was born in the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. His birthdate is unknown at this time. He appears to have worked as a nailer and a miner, a hard and unhealthy occupation in the Black Midlands. Joseph presumably married 17 March 1822 to Mary Groves, and worked as a nailer and miner himself. He died in 1844 and was buried at St. Thomas Church in Dudley, Staffordshire. Joseph's birth conditions are currently unknown.

text: It is irrelevant: He appears to have worked as a nailer and a miner, a hard and unhealthy occupation in the Black Midlands. Joseph presumably married 17 March 1822 to Mary Groves, and worked as a nailer and miner himself. He died in 1844 and was buried at St. Thomas Church in Dudley, Staffordshire.

refinement: Joseph Whitehouse was born in the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. His birthdate is unknown at this time. Joseph's birth conditions are currently unknown.

text: Repetitive.

refinement: Joseph Whitehouse was born in the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. His birthdate is unknown at this time.

text: It is omitted that he was apparently born about 1793, according to the various Census record

refinement: Joseph Whitehouse was born in the Rowley Regis area of Staffordshire, England. His birthdate is unknown at this time, but according to the various Census records, he was apparently born about 1793.

answer: No information is given apart from the year of birth.

text: It is said that he was apparently born about 1793. and that he was born in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

refinement: He was apparently born about 1793 in the Rowley Regis area, Staffordshire, England.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Joseph's marriage and family life.

answer: Joseph married Mary GROVES in 1822 and had seven boys, including direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who live continuing Joseph's heritage.

text: 'including the author's direct ancestor Thomas' instead of 'including direct ancestor Thomas'

refinement: Joseph married Mary GROVES in 1822 and had seven boys, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who live continuing Joseph's heritage.

text: "Groves' instead of 'GROVES'.

refinement: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822 and had seven boys, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who live continuing Joseph's heritage.

text: I would add 'apparently'.

refinement: Joseph apparently married Mary Groves in 1822 and had seven boys, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who live continuing Joseph's heritage.

text: They do not live anymore.

refinement: Joseph apparently married Mary Groves in 1822 and had seven boys, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who continued Joseph's heritage.

text: Place and date of death are omitted.

refinement: Joseph apparently married Mary Groves in 1822 and had seven boys, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844 and was buried in St. Thomas Parish in Worcestershire. His wife, Mary, later lived with her married sons Eli and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren who continued Joseph's heritage. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

answer: Joseph married Mary GROVES in 1822, and they had 7 sons, including my direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844, but his wife Mary lived on with her married sons Eli and Enoch. Overall, Joseph had 25 grandchildren, most of whom lived past his death and continued the family lineage. Joseph led a family with a very large number of descendants.

text: 'Groves' instead of 'GROVES' and 'the author's direct ancestor' instead of 'my direct ancestor'.

refinement: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822, and they had 7 sons, including the author's direct ancestor Thomas. Joseph died in 1844, but his wife Mary lived on with her married sons Eli and Enoch. Overall, Joseph had 25 grandchildren, most of whom lived past his death and continued the family lineage. Joseph led a family with a very large number of descendants.

answer: It has not been accepted that Joseph's marriage has been proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. According to Christening records at St. Thomas Church, Joseph and Mary had seven sons, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Thomas, Eli, John and Enoch.

text: The date and place of his death are omitted.

refinement: It has not been accepted that Joseph's marriage has been proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. According to Christening records at St. Thomas Church, Joseph and Mary had seven sons, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Thomas, Eli, John and Enoch. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

text: It is omitted that he had 25 grandchildren.

refinement: It has not been accepted that Joseph's marriage has been proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. According to Christening records at St. Thomas Church, Joseph and Mary had seven sons, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Thomas, Eli, John and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

text: a missing comma after John.

refinement: It has not been accepted that Joseph's marriage has been proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. According to Christening records at St. Thomas Church, Joseph and Mary had seven sons, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Thomas, Eli, John, and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

text: Rather: his marriage has not been accepted as proven.

refinement: Joseph's marriage has not been accepted as proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. According to Christening records at St. Thomas Church, Joseph and Mary had seven sons, Samuel, Benjamin, Henry, Thomas, Eli, John, and Enoch. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

answer: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822 after the two dated for 7 years. Joseph and Mary had 7 children and lived a reasonably comfortable life.

text: This is not stated.

refinement: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822. Joseph and Mary had 7 children and lived a reasonably comfortable life.

text: it is not stated.

refinement: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822. Joseph and Mary had 7 children.

text: It is omitted that they had 25 grandchildren; Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church

refinement: Joseph married Mary Groves in 1822. Joseph and Mary had 7 children. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

answer: Joseph was born as an orphan, hence most of his early life and how he met his spouse is a mystery. His marriage is likely not true as not much can be found about it. He later married Mary Foster in 1822. Together they had seven male children.

text: This is not stated.

refinement: His marriage is likely not true as not much can be found about it. He later married Mary Foster in 1822. Together they had seven male children.

text: It is not stated.

refinement: He later married Mary Foster in 1822. Together they had seven male children.

text: Groves, not Foster.

refinement: He later married Mary Groves in 1822. Together they had seven male children.

text: It is omitted that Joseph's marriage has not been accepted as proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

refinement: Joseph's marriage has not been accepted as proven. However, there is a record of him marrying Mary Groves on 17 March 1822. Together they had seven male children. They had 25 grandchildren. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Joseph's occupation.

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it appears that Joseph was a miner.

text: It is omitted that Joseph worked first as a nail-maker.

refinement: Based on the information in the passage, it appears that Joseph worked first as a nail-maker nad later a miner.

answer: Joseph was a Miner. He worked primarily in the local coal and iron mines.

text: It is omitted that Joseph worked first as a nail-maker.

refinement: Joseph worked first as a nail-maker than as Miner. He worked primarily in the local coal and iron mines.

text: 'miner' instead of 'Miner'.

refinement: Joseph worked first as a nail-maker than as miner. He worked primarily in the local coal and iron mines.

answer: The text indicates that at first he was a nailer and then he was a miner.

answer: Joseph first worked as a nail maker, or Nailer, and later as a Miner. The writer finds this information on the records of Thomas Whitehouse. The Black Midlands had many mines, iron foundries and steel mills in the region. The work was hard and did not pay well.

answer: Joseph was a nail-maker and a miner.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Joseph's death.

answer: Joseph died 16 March 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire and was buried 21 March 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

answer: Joseph died of natural causes in 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire. He was buried at St. Thomas Church a few days later.

text: The cause of death is not mentioned.

refinement: Joseph died in 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire. He was buried at St. Thomas Church a few days later.

answer: It is clear Joseph was dead by 1856, per his son Thomas' marriage record. St. Thomas Church records that Joseph died 16 March 1844. He was buried on 21 March 1844. His wife survived him, and went to live with his sons Eli and Enoch after they were married.

text: It is not relevant. I would delete it.

refinement: Joseph died 16 March 1844. He was buried on 21 March 1844. His wife survived him, and went to live with his sons Eli and Enoch after they were married.

text: missing 'on' after 'died'.

refinement: Joseph died on 16 March 1844. He was buried on 21 March 1844. His wife survived him, and went to live with his sons Eli and Enoch after they were married.

answer: Joseph died in 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire and was buried through St. Thomas church. Joseph likely died from an accident or illness caused by the dangerous work he did as a miner.

text: This is not stated.

refinement: Joseph died in 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire and was buried through St. Thomas church.

text: a missing comma after 'Staffordshire'.

refinement: Joseph died in 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried through St. Thomas church.

answer: Joseph's date and time of death is shown in the article. He was married, and his wife survived him.

text: It is omitted that Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church.

refinement: Joseph's date and time of death is shown in the article. Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church. He was married, and his wife survived him.

text: It is irrelevant.

refinement: Joseph died 16 Mar 1844 in Dudley, Staffordshire, and was buried 21 Mar 1844 through St. Thomas Church. He was married, and his wife survived him.


text:
[Pyke Koch (1955)] PIETER FRANS CHRISTIAAN KOCH, better known as PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

Pyke Koch and the painter Carel Willink are considered to be the foremost representatives in the Netherlands of Magic Realism, a style of painting in which the scenes depicted seem realistic yet uncanny or unlikely.

His paintings show many details. Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.[1] The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art. He was very much inspired by painters of the Italian quattrocento, most notably the work of Piero della Francesca.

Biography

Early life

Pyke Koch was born in Beek, a small village near Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He was the only son of the local doctor; he had three elder sisters. He went to school first in Nijmegen, later to a boarding school in Zeist. There he was given the nickname Pike (as in the fish). The name stuck, even when he moved to Utrecht to study law at the University, although he changed the spelling to 'Pyke'.

Music was an important part of Koch family life. He played the violin and was interested in music from Bach to gypsy music. During his student days he played with a student gypsy band called Tzigane.

In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship.

First steps

In the summer of 1927 Koch was slow in preparing for his final exams. By the time he was ready his professor had left the city for the summer. This left him with nothing to do and he found some brushes and paint that one of his sisters had given him years before. After he convinced a girl in a bar he was a professional painter, she modeled for him. The result was his first painting, called _Dolores Ontbijt_ or _Dolores' Breakfast_. This first painting made an impression on the painter Cor Postma who arranged for Koch to be part of several exhibitions in the following years in the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam.

Strangely, from the very start his paintings were admired for their technical perfection, even though he had had no formal training. In fact he had had no practical training whatsoever. Koch was fond of his image as a self-taught painter. He did follow classes at the Arthistorical Institute of the University Utrecht where he studied the theories of art and even theories about art practices (the historical use of materials and such) but he never seems to have had lessons in drawing or painting.

He was most impressed with the painters of the Italian Renaissance Piero della Francesca, Masaccio and Andrea Mantegna. He also admired some modern painters, notably Chirico and Magritte.

At the Arthistorical Institute he met Hedwig (Heddy) de Geer, who became his wife in 1934. Afterwards they lived mainly in Utrecht.

Success

During the late 1920s and 1930s Koch had many exhibitions, both solo and in collaboration with others. In 1931 one of the foremost museums in the Netherlands, the Museum Boymans van Beuningen bought one of his paintings called _De Schiettent_ or _Shooting Gallery_.

During the 1930s his work became very popular. It was often called Magic Realism, a term he quite liked.

His house in Utrecht (Oude Gracht 341) became a regular meeting place for many Dutch writers, painters and designers. His workplace, for instance, was remodeled by his friend Gerrit Rietveld.

Koch also had friendships outside of his artistic circle. One of these friends in particular would leave a permanent mark on his life. Ernst Voorhoeve was the founder of Verdinaso, a political movement that sympathised with Benito Mussolini's fascist movement. During the years he spent in Italy, where Heddy and Pyke had a bed & breakfast in Fiesole for a while, Koch started to admire Mussolini. Koch became a member of Verdinaso but renounced it when it merged with the Dutch Nazi party NSB. By that time, some of his paintings had appeared on the covers of magazines associated with fascism. This would prove to be a stain on his reputation that would stay with him for the rest of his life.

In those years Koch painted many masterpieces that were widely admired in exhibitions. He was also active as a designer for graphic work. He designed postage stamps and the Utrecht street lights.

He continued to work during the war. Like many of his colleagues he painted mostly still lifes because those were least likely to offend the Germans.

NVPH 405 - Waterpaard.jpg|Water horse NVPH 407 - Zwanen.jpg|Swans NVPH 409 - Slangenboom.jpg|Snake tree NVPH 410 - Ruiter te paard.jpg|Horseback riding NVPH 411 - Saksische paardjes.jpg|Saxon horses

Later career

After the war his work became less popular. Abstract expressionism and other more conceptual forms of art became the norm. All forms of realism were considered old fashioned. Still he had a fan base that continued to buy his work. He had a retrospective solo exhibition in the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam in 1955 and in the Gemeentemuseum, Arnhem in 1966.

Koch was a perfectionist in the extreme. He worked slowly and destroyed many of his works because he was not satisfied with the result. His oeuvre is therefore quite small. Still it has been incorporated in all major collections in the Netherlands.

Early in the 1980s Koch was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As his physical and mental abilities declined, he gradually withdrew from public life. He died in Wassenaar on October 27, 1991.

[1] Meijer, Annelys and Carel Blotkamp. Pyke Koch. Paris: Institut Néerlandais, 1982.

title: Pyke Koch

question: Who was Pieter Frans Christiaan Koch?

answer: Better known as Pyke Koch, he was a Dutch painter known for magical realism.

text: PIETER FRANS CHRISTIAAN KOCH, better known as PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

answer: Pieter Frans Christiaan Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: PIETER FRANS CHRISTIAAN KOCH, better known as PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

answer: He was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: PIETER FRANS CHRISTIAAN KOCH, better known as PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

answer: Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist style. He was most well-known for his paintings, which often contained hidden messages and references to his personal life.

text:
Remove the line about the hidden messages as these are speculations and are not confirmed.
"Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested..." shows that this is a suggestion from an art historian, not an observation.

refinement: Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist style.

text: PIETER FRANS CHRISTIAAN KOCH, better known as PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life

question: What hidden messages might his work contain?

answer: The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

text: Koch's work may also contain hidden messages and references to his personal life, as suggested by an art historian.

refinement: Koch's work contains many references to earlier periods in the history of art, and they may also contain hidden messages and references to his personal life, as suggested by art historian Carel Blotkamp.

text: The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

answer: References to his personal life and to earlier periods in the history of art.

text: Organization of information presented needs improvement by adding more details.

refinement: It might contain hidden messages and references to his personal life, and the work has been confirmed to reference earlier periods in the history of art.

text: Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.[1] The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

answer: Art historians have suggested that his paintings contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.

text: Also confirmed to contain references to earlier periods in the history of art.

refinement: Art historians have suggested that his paintings contain hidden messages and references to his personal life. His work has does contain references to earlier periods in the history of art.

text: Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.

answer: There is no definitive answer to this question, as it is up to individual interpretation. However, some art historians have suggested that his paintings may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.

text: The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

refinement: There is no definitive answer to this question, as it is up to individual interpretation. However, some art historians have suggested that his paintings may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life. His work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

text: Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.

question: How did he become interested in painting?

answer: He became interested in painting through his friendship with Charley Toorop.

text:
Missing word which provides context and defines certainty of information provided: "Probably"

In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

refinement: He probably became interested in painting through his friendship with Charley Toorop.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

answer: Pyke Koch became interested in painting through his friendship with the painter Charley Toorop.

text: Missing word which provides context and defines certainty of information provided: "Probably"

refinement: Pyke Koch probably became interested in painting through his friendship with the painter Charley Toorop.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

answer: He met Charley Toorop, a famous painter, and became interested in painting through their friendship.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

refinement: He met Charley Toorop, a famous painter, and Koch probably became interested in painting through their friendship.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

answer: Possibly through his friendship to Charley Toorop, a famous painter.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship

question: When did he become a successful artist?

answer: He became a successful artist in the 1930s.

text: During the 1930s his work became very popular.

answer: Pyke Koch became a successful artist in the 1930s.

text: During the 1930s his work became very popular.

answer: He became a successful artist in the 1930s.

text: During the 1930s his work became very popular.

answer: Late 1920s early 1930s.

text:
Having many exhibitions does not guarantee success (though this is somewhat correlated).

The article also states he became famous in the 1930s -fame is one form of measuring success.

refinement: He has had many exhibits from late 1920s to the 1930s, and he became famous in 1930s.

text: During the late 1920s and 1930s Koch had many exhibitions,

question: Write a ~7 sentence summary.

answer: Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner. He was born in Beek, a small village near Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He was the only son of the local doctor. He went to school first in Nijmegen, later to a boarding school in Zeist. There he was given the nickname Pike. He played the violin and was interested in music from Bach to gypsy music. He met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship. He had many exhibitions, both solo and in collaboration with others.

text: Over 7 sentences, delete details of his early education in order to include more details about his careeer as a painter which what makes him a significant individual.

refinement: Hailing from a small village in the Netherlands, Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner. He probably became interested in painting through his friendship with Charley Toorop, a famous painter. He had many exhibitions, both solo and in collaboration with others in the 1920s to 1930s. He would later be associated with facism through the Verdinaso. Koch continued to his work as a painter despite the rise of expressionism, holding solo exhibits in 1955 and 1966. By the 1980s, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's and he died in Wassenaar on October 27, 1991.

text: PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: Pyke Koch was born in Beek, a small village near Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He was the only son of the local doctor; he had three elder sisters. He went to school first in Nijmegen, later to a boarding school in Zeist. There he was given the nickname Pike (as in the fish).

text: He played the violin and was interested in music from Bach to gypsy music.

text: In the 1920s he met Charley Toorop who was already a famous painter. He probably became interested in painting through their friendship.

text: During the late 1920s and 1930s Koch had many exhibitions, both solo and in collaboration with others.

answer: Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner. His paintings show many details, some of which may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life. Koch was a perfectionist in the extreme, and he worked slowly and destroyed many of his works because he was not satisfied with the result.

text: Can add more details with the 7 sentence limit: early history, start of painting career, rise of career, death.

refinement: Pyke Koch (1901-1991) was a Dutch magic realist artist whose paintings show many details. A perfectionist in the extreme, and he worked slowly and destroyed many of his works because he was not satisfied with the result. He probably became interested in painting through his friendship with famous artist Charely Toorop. Koch had exhibitions starting from the 1920's to the 30's -his work became famous in the 1930's. He became part of the Verdinaso and then renounced it for associating with the Nazis. He would later have solo exhibitions in the 1955 and 1966. He withdrew from public life in the 80's after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's and died in October of 1991.

text: PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: His paintings show many details. Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life

text: Koch was a perfectionist in the extreme. He worked slowly and destroyed many of his works because he was not satisfied with the result.

answer: Pieter Frans Christiaan "Pyke" Koch was a Dutch artist who painted magical realism. His art is known to contain hidden messages, references to his personal life and to earlier periods in the history of art. He became interested in painting through his friend Charley Toorop, a famous artist. During the late 1920s and 1930s, he had many exhibitions. During the 1930s his work became very popular. He liked Italian fascism early on, but renounced it when they joined forces with the Nazi party. He withdrew from public life due to Alzheimer's.

text: PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: Some art historians, notably Carel Blotkamp, have suggested that these details may contain hidden messages and references to his personal life.[1] The work does contain many references to earlier periods in the history of art.

text: During the late 1920s and 1930s Koch had many exhibitions

text: During the 1930s his work became very popular.

text: Koch became a member of Verdinaso but renounced it when it merged with the Dutch Nazi party NSB.

text: Early in the 1980s Koch was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As his physical and mental abilities declined, he gradually withdrew from public life.

answer: Pyke Koch was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist style. He was self-taught, and his paintings were admired for their technical perfection. Koch was most inspired by the painters of the Italian Renaissance, and his work was popular during the 1930s. However, after the war his work became less popular, and he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in the 1980s. He died in 1991.

text: Early in the 1980s Koch was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As his physical and mental abilities declined, he gradually withdrew from public life.

text: PYKE KOCH (July 15, 1901October 27, 1991), was a Dutch artist who painted in a magic realist manner.

text: his paintings were admired for their technical perfection, even though he had had no formal training. In fact he had had no practical training whatsoever.

text: He was most impressed with the painters of the Italian Renaissance Piero della Francesca, Masaccio and Andrea Mantegna

text: After the war his work became less popular


text:
In data mining, _K_-MEANS++[1][2] is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the _k_-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard _k_-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard _k_-means algorithm. It is similar to the first of three seeding methods proposed, in independent work, in 2006[3] by Rafail Ostrovsky, Yuval Rabani, Leonard Schulman and Chaitanya Swamy. (The distribution of the first seed is different.)

Background

The _k_-means problem is to find cluster centers that minimize the intra-class variance, i.e. the sum of squared distances from each data point being clustered to its cluster center (the center that is closest to it). Although finding an exact solution to the _k_-means problem for arbitrary input is NP-hard,[4] the standard approach to finding an approximate solution (often called Lloyd's algorithm or the _k_-means algorithm) is used widely and frequently finds reasonable solutions quickly.

However, the _k_-means algorithm has at least two major theoretic shortcomings:

-   First, it has been shown that the worst case running time of the algorithm is super-polynomial in the input size.[5]
-   Second, the approximation found can be arbitrarily bad with respect to the objective function compared to the optimal clustering.

The _k_-means++ algorithm addresses the second of these obstacles by specifying a procedure to initialize the cluster centers before proceeding with the standard _k_-means optimization iterations. With the _k_-means++ initialization, the algorithm is guaranteed to find a solution that is O(log _k_) competitive to the optimal _k_-means solution.

Example of a sub-optimal clustering

To illustrate the potential of the _k_-means algorithm to perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the objective function of minimizing the sum of squared distances of cluster points to the centroid of their assigned clusters, consider the example of four points in R² that form an axis-aligned rectangle whose width is greater than its height.

If _k_ = 2 and the two initial cluster centers lie at the midpoints of the top and bottom line segments of the rectangle formed by the four data points, the _k_-means algorithm converges immediately, without moving these cluster centers. Consequently, the two bottom data points are clustered together and the two data points forming the top of the rectangle are clustered together—a suboptimal clustering because the width of the rectangle is greater than its height.

Now, consider stretching the rectangle horizontally to an arbitrary width. The standard _k_-means algorithm will continue to cluster the points suboptimally, and by increasing the horizontal distance between the two data points in each cluster, we can make the algorithm perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the _k_-means objective function.

Improved initialization algorithm

The intuition behind this approach is that spreading out the _k_ initial cluster centers is a good thing: the first cluster center is chosen uniformly at random from the data points that are being clustered, after which each subsequent cluster center is chosen from the _remaining_ data points with probability proportional to its squared distance from the point's closest existing cluster center.

The exact algorithm is as follows:

1.  Choose one center uniformly at random among the data points.
2.  For each data point not chosen yet, compute D(), the distance between and the nearest center that has already been chosen.
3.  Choose one new data point at random as a new center, using a weighted probability distribution where a point is chosen with probability proportional to D()².
4.  Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until centers have been chosen.
5.  Now that the initial centers have been chosen, proceed using standard _k_-means clustering.

This seeding method yields considerable improvement in the final error of -means. Although the initial selection in the algorithm takes extra time, the -means part itself converges very quickly after this seeding and thus the algorithm actually lowers the computation time. The authors tested their method with real and synthetic datasets and obtained typically 2-fold improvements in speed, and for certain datasets, close to 1000-fold improvements in error. In these simulations the new method almost always performed at least as well as vanilla -means in both speed and error.

Additionally, the authors calculate an approximation ratio for their algorithm. The -means++ algorithm guarantees an approximation ratio O(log _k_) in expectation (over the randomness of the algorithm), where k is the number of clusters used. This is in contrast to vanilla -means, which can generate clusterings arbitrarily worse than the optimum.[6] A generalization of the performance of k-means++ with respect to any arbitrary distance is provided in .[7]

Applications

The _k_-means++ approach has been applied since its initial proposal. In a review by Shindler,[8] which includes many types of clustering algorithms, the method is said to successfully overcome some of the problems associated with other ways of defining initial cluster-centres for _k_-means clustering. Lee et al.[9] report an application of _k_-means++ to create geographical cluster of photographs based on the latitude and longitude information attached to the photos. An application to financial diversification is reported by Howard and Johansen.[10] Other support for the method and ongoing discussion is also available online.[11] Since the k-means++ initialization needs k passes over the data, it does not scale very well to large data sets. Bahman Bahmani et al. have proposed a scalable variant of k-means++ called k-means|| which provides the same theoretical guarantees and yet is highly scalable.[12]

Software

-   Apache Commons Math contains k-means
-   ELKI data-mining framework contains multiple k-means variations, including k-means++ for seeding.
-   MATLAB has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ as default for seeding.
-   OpenCV includes k-means for pixel values.
-   pyclustering provides K-Means++ implementation to initialize initial centers for K-Means, X-Means, EMA, etc.
-   R includes k-means, and the “flexclust” package can do k-means++
-   Scikit-learn has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ by default.
-   Weka contains k-means (with optional k-means++) and x-means clustering.

[1]

[2] http://theory.stanford.edu/~sergei/slides/BATS-Means.pdf Slides for presentation of method by Arthur, D. and Vassilvitskii, S.

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] .

[7] .

[8] https://web.archive.org/web/20110927100642/http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~shindler/shindler-kMedian-survey.pdf Approximation Algorithms for the Metric _k_-Median Problem

[9] http://sir-lab.usc.edu/publications/2008-ICWSM2LEES.pdf Discovering Relationships among Tags and Geotags, 2007

[10] http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~johansek/clustering.pdf Clustering Techniques for Financial Diversification, March 2009

[11] http://lingpipe-blog.com/2009/03/23/arthur-vassilvitskii-2007-kmeans-the-advantages-of-careful-seeding/ Lingpipe Blog

[12] B. Bahmani, B. Moseley, A. Vattani, R. Kumar, S. Vassilvitskii “Scalable K-means++” 2012 Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment.

title: K-means++

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does K-means++ in dating mining?

answer: It is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k -means clustering algorithm.

answer: It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem, a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm. It is similar to the first of three seeding methods proposed, in independent work, in 2006 by Rafail Ostrovsky, Yuval Rabani, Leonard Schulman, and Chaitanya Swamy.

answer: An algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm.

answer: The K-means++ algorithm specifies a procedure to initialize the cluster centers before proceeding with the standard k-means optimization iterations. The initial centers are chosen using weighted probability distribution to minimize the sum of squared distances of the data points to the nearest existing cluster center. This approach yields improved clustering in comparison to the standard k-means algorithm.

answer: The K-means++ algorithm is an improvement to the standard k-means algorithm intended to provide better clustering solutions in data mining. It selects initial cluster centers randomly, and uses a weighted probability distribution to select new centers thereafter, guaranteeing better results than the standard k-means algorithm.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who proposed it?

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii proposed the _k_-means++ algorithm in 2007.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii proposed the k-means++ algorithm.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitski.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What year did they propose this?

answer: 2007.

answer: 2007.

answer: 2007.

answer: 2007

answer: 2007

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What's another term for Lloyd's algorithm?

answer: The k-means algorithm.

answer: The standard _k_-means algorithm is also called Lloyd's algorithm.

answer: The k-means algorithm.

answer: The standard _k_-means is also known as Lloyd's algorithm.

answer: The K-means algorithm.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article discusses K-means, a type of clustering algorithm. The K-means++ algorithm is a possible solution to improved the _K_-means algorithm.

answer: K-means++ is an algorithm designed to improve upon the standard -means approach to clustering data. The algorithm uses a seeding method to put the initial cluster centers in a position that is more likely to yield a better clustering with respect to the goal function. This seeding method has been shown to reduce the worst-case error in clustering compared to the standard -means algorithm.

text: There is one too many sentences.

refinement: K-means++ is an algorithm designed to improve upon the standard -means approach to clustering data. The algorithm uses a seeding method to put the initial cluster centers in a position that is more likely to yield a better clustering with respect to the goal function.

answer: The _k_-means++ algorithm improves upon the standard _k_-means algorithm by choosing initial cluster centers that guarantee an improved clustering under the objective function of minimizing the sum of squared distances from data points to cluster centroids. The process involves randomly choosing a new cluster center with probability proportional to the squared distance from the closest existing cluster center. The _k_-means++ approach improves clustering errors and speeds up computation time.

text: There are one too many sentences.

refinement: The _k_-means++ algorithm improves upon the standard _k_-means algorithm by choosing initial cluster centers that guarantee an improved clustering under the objective function of minimizing the sum of squared distances from data points to cluster centroids. The process involves randomly choosing a new cluster center with probability proportional to the squared distance from the closest existing cluster center.

answer: K-means ++ is an algorithm for chosen initial values (seeds) in the k-means clustering algorithm, used in technical fields like computer science and analysis. The original algorithm had shortcomings of poor clusterings and using up to super-polynomial time-resources, but k-means ++ resolved those problems by generating a seeding method that guarantees an approximation ratio of O(log _k) for automated search in expectation, allowing it to perform at least as well as vanilla -means in the applications it has been tested on.

answer: In data mining, K-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm.


text:
Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu flew kites, led a roadshow and spoke effusively about their friendship during a day-long visit to Gujarat in a public show of top-level backing for the fast growing ties between India and Israel.

Netanyahu said his country seeks to cooperate with India "in every field" and praised Modi for "revolutionising" his country. In turn, the Indian leader said he waited for "my friend" to visit India so they could together inaugurate an entrepreneur incubation centre for start-ups.

The bonding between the two leaders notwithstanding India voting in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution rejecting the US recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel was on full display at the very start of Netanyahu's visit to Modi's home state.

Modi received Netanyahu, who was accompanied by his wife Sara, at the airport with a bearhug, and then the three set off on an 8-km roadshow to the 'Sabarmati Ashram', the abode of Mahatma Gandhi for many years.

The road to Sabarmati Ashram was lined with people on both sides, with some carrying Indian and Israeli flags, as folk artists from several states sang and danced on stages erected at vantage points.

However, unlike last year's roadshow that Modi held with his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe where they travelled in an open jeep, clicking pictures and waving at cheering crowds, today's event was a heavily guarded affair, with the leaders seated in SUVs, apparently due to security reasons.

Once at the Ashram, the prime minister was in the role of a guide, showing the visiting couple around the place where they tried their hands Gandhi's spinning wheel, wearing garlands of handspun cotton yarn. The wheel had become emblematic of Gandhi's non-violent resistance to the colonial rule and underpinned his vision of self-reliance.

Later, the two leaders addressed young entrepreneurs at Deo Dholera after dedicating International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology (iCreate), a public-private partnership (PPP) venture set up to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors and other facilities.

"Prime Minister Modi is changing India, by the force in vision of his leadership. He is revolutionising India. He is catapulting it into the future, and as one of the world's great powers. And he is doing it through the power of innovation," Netanyahu said.

"I want young Israelis to come to India, not just with the backpack, but with a laptop. This is essentially a boundless potential and that's why I have come here, to encourage young innovators from our two countries to work together," he said, adding Israel seeks cooperation with India in every field.

Friendship was the constant theme as the two leaders acknowledged the immense potential for further cementing the bonds between the two nations.

"I thank Modi for his vision and for his friendship, and for recognising the immense potential of our partnership" the Israeli leader said.

Underscoring the vast scope of pertnership between the two countries, Netanyahu said he wanted cooperation in areas as diverse as water conservation and agriculture to cyberspace, and life sciences.

"Today, I have a simple message. I want young Indians to know that Israel wants to form partnership with you in technology, in water, in agriculture, in cyber, in drones, in health, in life sciences, in every field. We are your partner," he said.

Modi voiced happiness over the inauguration of iCreate in the presence of Netanyahu.

"When I went to Israel last year, I made up my mind that this foundation should have stronger relations with Israel. Since then, I was waiting for my friend Benjamin Netanyahu to come to India. He is here and now we are inaugurating this foundation," Modi said.

The work for setting up 'iCreate' was launched in 2011 by Modi when he was the chief minister of Gujarat.

"We are working towards making entire system in our country innovation-friendly. Curiousity produces intent, whose power leads to innovation that will make new India," he added.

Innovation, he said, plays a major role in bringing together the people of India and Israel.

"People of Israel have proved that it is not the size and shape of a country but the determination of its citizens which takes it ahead," he said.

Impressed by some of the innovations put on display at iCreate, Netanyahu said, "The world knows about iPods, they know about iPads, but there is one more 'i' the the world needs to know about - iCreate."

As cordiality punctuated the engagement of the two leaders, the entire house burst into guffaw when Netanyau called both himself and Modi young.

"As you all know, I am sure you have noticed, Prime Minister Modi and I are both very young and very optimistic.

We are young in our thinking and we are optimistic about the future," he said, as Modi was seen breaking into a hearty laugh.

The Israeli leader wrapped up his speech with chant of 'Jai Hind, Jai Bharat, Jai Israel' (victory be to India and Israel).

Netanyahu also gifted a Gal-Mobile water desalination and purification jeep to Modi that the latter dedicated to people of Suigam village in Banaskantha district.

The two also visited the Centre of Excellence for Vegetables at Vadrad village of Sabarkantha district set up in 2015 with Israeli collaboration.

-   Gujarat
-   Israel
-   India
-   Benjamin Netanyahu
-   Prime Minister
-   AHMEDABAD
-   UN General Assembly
-   Indo-Israel

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about India-U.S. relations?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: The text ignores this question.

answer: There is nothing specific about U.S. relations in the text, apart from the fact that Prime Minister Modi, tacitly, voted against Israel's interests by voting in a way that rejected the U.S. recognition of Jerusalem.

answer: The text does not mention India-U.S. relations.

answer: No answer

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the relationship between Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu?

answer: Netanyahu and Modi have a close relationship. Netanyahu said his country seeks to cooperate with India "in every field." Modi said he waited for his friend to visit India so they could inaugurate an entrepreneur incubation center together. The two leaders are close enough to call each other "my friend."

answer: During a private meeting between Prime Minister Modi and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu,they discussed broad-ranging mutually beneficial collaboration in a wide array of fields, from agriculture to technology, from agriculture to cyberspace, from life sciences to drones, from water to health, in fact in every domain.

answer: Modi and Netanyahu share a close friendship. Their friendship was on full display at the very start of Netanyahu's visit to Modi's home state and they were effusive about their support for the fast-growing ties between India and Israel. Modi hosted Netanyahu at the airport with a bearhug. Although their started and the roadshow to Sabarmati is not the typically friendly public gesture in Modi's tenure, but they were still tightly-guarded as a security precaution. Modi welcomed Netanyahu with "one of Modi's hallmark bear-hugs" and began a roadshow that lasted 8 kilometers. Netanyahu and Modi also took a tour of Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram and unanimously inaugurated the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology.

text: - The phrase quoted in the response does not appear in the article. The bear hug was mentioned twice in the reponse.

refinement: Modi and Netanyahu share a close friendship. Their friendship was on full display at the very start of Netanyahu's visit to Modi's home state and they were effusive about their support for the fast-growing ties between India and Israel. Modi hosted Netanyahu at the airport with a bear hug. Although the roadshow to Sabarmati is not the typically friendly public gesture in Modi's tenure, but they were still tightly-guarded as a security precaution. Modi welcomed Netanyahu with a road show lasted 8 kilometers. Netanyahu and Modi also took a tour of Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram and unanimously inaugurated the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology.

text: - According to the article, Modi has used a roadshow to welcome foreign dignitaries before, which is contrary to what is being asserted in the response.

refinement: Modi and Netanyahu share a close friendship. Their friendship was on full display at the very start of Netanyahu's visit to Modi's home state and they were effusive about their support for the fast-growing ties between India and Israel. Modi hosted Netanyahu at the airport with a bear hug. The roadshow to Sabarmati is a typically friendly public gesture in Modi's tenure, but this was tightly-guarded as a security precaution. Modi welcomed Netanyahu with a roadshow that lasted 8 kilometers. Netanyahu and Modi also took a tour of Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram and unanimously inaugurated the International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology.

answer: During a private meeting between Prime Minister Modi and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu the two leaders discussed broad-ranging mutually beneficial collaboration in a wide array of fields, from agriculture to technology, from agriculture to cyberspace, from life sciences to drones, from water to health, in fact in every domain.

text: There is no evidence that the two politicians had a private meeting, at least according to the article.

refinement: During Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's visit to India, he and Prime Minister Modi and discussed broad-ranging mutually beneficial collaboration in a wide array of fields, from agriculture to technology, from agriculture to cyberspace, from life sciences to drones, from water to health, in fact in every domain.

answer: During a day-long visit to Gujarat, Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu spoke about their friendship and the fast growing ties between India and Israel. Modi and Netanyahu both expressed their vision for the relationship between their countries. Netanyahu also gifted Modi a Gal-Mobile water desalination and purification jeep.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the purpose of Netanyahu's visit to India?

answer: Netanyahu's visit to India was to strengthen the ties between India and Israel. He wants cooperation in every field and believes that India is catapulting into the future through innovation.

answer: Benjamin Netanyahu visited India on Prime Minister Narendra Modi's initiative. The purpose of this assumption is to emphasize the strengthen bond between the two friends. Netanyahu took time to visit Modi in his home state Gujarat and offered a scholarship to young Indians to study in Israel. Prime Minister Modi and Netanyahu also inaugurated an entrepreneur incubation center. Modi invited the Israeli leader and his counterpart to visit Ahmedabad. The two also visited other workshops that are supported by the Israeli consulate. All these are aimed to facilitate dialogues between the two countries.

text:
- The article does not have any section on Netanyahu offering scholarships to Indians.
- There is no evidence in the article that Modi invited Netanyahu to Ahmedabad.

refinement: Benjamin Netanyahu visited India on Prime Minister Narendra Modi's initiative. The purpose of this assumption is to emphasize the strengthen bond between the two friends. Netanyahu took time to visit Modi in his home state Gujarat. Prime Minister Modi and Netanyahu also inaugurated an entrepreneur incubation center. The two also visited other workshops that are supported by the Israeli consulate. All these are aimed to facilitate dialogues between the two countries.

answer: During his visit to India, Netanyahu wanted to cooperate with India in every field such as water conservation and agriculture to cyber, robotics, drones, and health. He also wanted young Israelis to come to India.

answer: Netanyahu visited India to cement the bonds between India and Israel. He also wanted to encourage young innovators from the two countries to work together.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about iCreate?

answer: iCreate is a public-private partnership (PPP) venture set up to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors, and other facilities. It was inaugurated in the presence of Netanyahu and Modi.

answer: iCreate was designated to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors, and other facilities in Deo Dholera, near the capital city of Gandhinagar, where the entrepreneur incubation center was inaugurated in the presence of the two leaders. It is a public-private partnership trip (PPP) initiative, which was launched there at 2011 by Modi as the chief minister of Gujarat. The center upholds Modi's vision of making India innovation-friendly and encourage young innovators to work together.

answer: iCreate is a public-private partnership (PPP) venture set up to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors and other facilities. It was inaugurated by Modi and Netanyahu.

answer: iCreate is an entrepreneur incubation centre for start-up start ups. It is PPP venture used to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors, and other facilities.

answer: iCreate is a public-private partnership being used to nurture entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors, and other facilities.

text: A bit more detail about the initiative would make the response much better.

refinement: iCreate is a public-private partnership being used to nurture start-ups and entrepreneurs by providing them funds, space, mentors, and other facilities. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Netanyahu during his visit to India.