text:
Jarry}}

ISABELLE JARRY (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist.

She is a member of the Board of Directors of the .[1]

She is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

Works

-   1990: _Théodore Monod_, Paris, Plon, 239 p.
-   1990: _Mémoires d'un naturaliste voyageur_, with Théodore Monod, icon. by Jean-Marc Durou, preface by Jean Rouch, Marseille, Éditions AGEP, series “Mémoires d'aujourd'hui”, 180 p.
-   1991: _Voyage au Ténéré_, Paris, 200 p.
-   1992: _L'homme de la passerelle_, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, series “Cadre Rouge”, 185 p. Prix du Premier Roman 1992.[2]
-   1990: _L’Archange perdu_, Éditions Mercure de France, series “Bleue”, 345 p. , Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française (1995)
-   1993: _William Wilson de 1983 à 1993_, Paris, Comptoir général d'Édition, 221 p.
-   1995: _Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique_, Paris, Éditions Fayard, 221 p.

        - Prix Amerigo Vespucci 1995[3]

-   1996: _Emportez-moi sans me briser_, Paris, Éditions Fayard, 312 p.
-   1997: _La Pluie des mangues. Histoires contemporaines du Cambodge_, phot. by Yves Gellie, Paris, Éditions Marval, 180 p.
-   1998: _Au ciel les nuages. Hommage à Dominique Bagouet_, Éditions Marval
-   1999: _Le Jardin Yamata_, Paris, Stock, 228 p.
-   2000: _Il était une fois... l'enfance_, photographies du fonds Roger Viollet, Paris, Éditions Plume, 111 p.
-   2002: _Au Désert_, Paris, éditions , 149 p.
-   2003: _George Orwell, cent ans d'anticipation_, Stock, 216 p.
-   2004: _J’ai nom sans bruit_, Stock, series “La Bleue”, 210 p.
-   2007: _Millefeuille de onze ans_, Stock, 230 p.
-   2008: _La Traversée du Désert_, Stock, 240 p.
-   2009: _Contre mes seuls ennemis_, Stock, 203 p.
-   2011: _La Voix des êtres aimés_, Stock, series “La Bleue”, 304 p.
-   2015: _Magique aujourd’hui_, Éditions Gallimard, “Collection Blanche”, 336 p.

YOUTH LITERATURE

-   2004: _Aglaé en Inde_, with William Wilson, Paris, Jalan Publications, 40 p.
-   2007: _Balthazar au jardin_, with William Wilson, Paris, Gallimard Jeunesse, series “Hors série Giboulée”, 37 p.
-   2008: _Ma folle semaine avec Papyrus_, ill. by Aurore Callias, Gallimard Jeunesse, series “Giboulées”, 101 p.
-   2011: _Le Bal de la Saint-Valentin : Une aventure de Titus et Papyrus_, ill. by Aurore Callias, Gallimard Jeunesse, series “Giboulées”, 120 p.
-   2011: _Zqwick le robot : Une aventure de Titus et Papyrus_, ill. d'Aurore Callias, Gallimard Jeunesse, series “Hors série Giboulées”, 108 p.

POCKET EDITIONS

-   1994: _L’Homme de la passerelle_, Points Seuil
-   1996: _L’Archange perdu_, Folio Gallimard
-   1998: _Emportez-moi sans me briser_, Le Livre de Poche
-   2001: _Le Jardin Yamata_, Le Livre de Poche
-   2006: _J’ai nom sans bruit_, Folio Gallimard
-   2008: _Millefeuille de onze ans_, Folio Gallimard

[1]

[2]

[3]

title: Isabelle Jarry

question: Who is Isabelle Jarry?

answer: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist who has received several prestigious awards, including Prix du Premier Roman and Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie Française. Some of her most famous works are "L'Archange perdu", "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique", and "Le Jardin Yamata".

text: The works for which she received awards should be the most famous.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist who has received several prestigious awards, including Prix du Premier Roman and Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie Française. Some of her most famous works are "L'Archange perdu", "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" and "L'homme de la passerelle".

text: It is significant that she is chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist who is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. She received several prestigious awards, including Prix du Premier Roman and Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie Française. Some of her most famous works are "L'Archange perdu" and "L'homme de la passerelle".

text:
"Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."
Her work in 1992 "L'homme de la passerelle" received the Prix du Premier Roman in 1992.
Her work in 1990 "L’Archange perdu" received the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française in 1995.
Her work in 1995 "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" received the Prix Amerigo Vespucci in 1995.

answer: She is a French writer and essayist.

text: It is significant that she is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

refinement: She is a French writer and essayist who is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

text: "Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."

answer: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist, who has published a number of works as both a solo author and in collaboration with others. Some of her most well-known writings are her first novel, "L'homme de la passerelle" and her 1995 work "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique".

text: It is significant that she is chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist who is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. She has published a number of works as both a solo author and in collaboration with others. Some of her most well-known writings are her first novel, "L'homme de la passerelle" and her 1995 work "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique".

text:
"Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."
Her work in 1990 "Mémoires d'un naturaliste voyageur" was written in collaboration with Théodore Monod.
Her work in 1992 "L'homme de la passerelle" received an award, it should be one of her most famous works.
Her work in 1995 "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" received an award and should be one of her most famous works.

question: Where is she a chevalier of?

answer: The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

text: "She is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres."

answer: The Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

text: "She is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres."

answer: She is a chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters.

text: "She is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres."

question: When was Jarry born?

answer: October 2, 1959

text: "Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."

answer: Jarry was born on October 2, 1959.

text: "Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."

answer: Jarry was born on October 2, 1959.

text: "Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."

question: List three of her works.

answer:
- L'homme de la passerelle.
- Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique.
- La Pluie des mangues.

text:
Her work in 1992 "L'homme de la passerelle" received an award, it should be one of her most famous works.
Her work in 1995 "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" received an award and should be one of her most famous works.
Her work "La Pluie des mangues" was written in 1997.

answer: - Emportez-moi sans me briser (published in 1997)- Au Ciel les nuages. Hommage à Dominique Bagouet (published in 1998)- Au Désert (published in 2002)

text: Her work "Emportez-moi sans me briser" was published in 1996.

refinement: - Emportez-moi sans me briser (published in 1996)- Au Ciel les nuages. Hommage à Dominique Bagouet (published in 1998)- Au Désert (published in 2002)

text:
Her work "Emportez-moi sans me briser" was published in 1996.
Her work "Au Ciel les nuages. Hommage à Dominique Bagouet" was published in 1998.
Her work "Au Désert" was published in 2002.

answer:
- 1990: Théodore Monod, Paris, Plon, 239 p.
- 1992: L'homme de la passerelle, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, series “Cadre Rouge”, 185 p. Prix du Premier Roman 1992.
- 1995: Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique, Paris, Éditions Fayard, 221 p.

text: Superfluous information is included in the answer - Place of publication, length of publication, edition name.

refinement:
- 1990: Théodore Monod
- 1992: L'homme de la passerelle
- 1995: Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique

text:
Her work "Théodore Monod" was published in 1990.
Her work "L'homme de la passerelle" was published in 1992.
Her work "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" was published in 1995.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She is known for her numerous works of erotic literature.

text: There is no evidence in the article that Isabelle Jarry wrote erotic literature. The genre she writes in is not mentioned.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She is known for her numerous works of literature.

text: She has won multiple awards for her writing and is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She is known for her numerous works of award-winning literature and is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

text: "Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."

answer: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer. She is a member of the Board of Directors of the and has several works of fiction.

text: Isabelle Jarry is also an essayist.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She is a member of the Board of Directors of the and has several works of fiction.

text: The organization of which she is a member of the board is not mentioned in the article. It would be advantageous to remove this from the summary.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She has several works of fiction.

text: She has won multiple awards for her work.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist. She has received multiple award for her literary works.

text:
"Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist"
"She is a member of the Board of Directors of the ."

answer: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist born on October 2, 1959. Her works include 1990: Théodore Monod, Paris, Plon, 239 p., 2003: George Orwell, cent ans d'anticipation_, Stock, 216 p., and  1995: Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique, Paris, Éditions Fayard, 221 p.

text: Remove superfluous information - place of publication and number of pages.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist born on October 2, 1959. Her works include 1990: Théodore Monod, 2003: George Orwell, cent ans d'anticipation and 1995: Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique.

text: Switch date and name of work around to read easier.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French writer and essayist born on October 2, 1959. Her works include Théodore Monod (1990), George Orwell, cent ans d'anticipation (2003) and Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique (1995).

text:
"Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."
Her work "Théodore Monod" was published in 1990.
Her work "George Orwell, cent ans d'anticipation" was published in 2003.
Her work "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique" was published in 1995.

text: Isabelle Jarry is an award-winning French novelist and essayist that is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Her published works include "L’Archange perdu", "L'homme de la passerelle" and "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique".

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is an award-winning French novelist and essayist that is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Her published works include "L’Archange perdu", "L'homme de la passerelle" and "Vingt-trois lettres d'Amérique".

answer: The French writer, Isabelle Jarry, is a member of the Board of Director's of the Societé Naturelle, as well as a member of the ordre des lettres. Some of her works include: Théodore Monod, Quédillac, L'Archange perdu, and Le Jardin Yamata.

text: The organization on whose board Isabelle Jarry serves is not mentioned in the article. It is best left out.

refinement: The French writer, Isabelle Jarry, is a member of the ordre des lettres. Some of her works include: Théodore Monod, Quédillac, L'Archange perdu, and Le Jardin Yamata.

text: Isabelle Jarry is also an essayist.

refinement: The French writer and essayist, Isabelle Jarry, is a member of the ordre des lettres. Some of her works include: Théodore Monod, Quédillac, L'Archange perdu, and Le Jardin Yamata.

text: Correct the summary to reflect that Isabelle Jarry is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

refinement: The French writer and essayist, Isabelle Jarry, is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Some of her works include: Théodore Monod, Quédillac, L'Archange perdu, and Le Jardin Yamata.

text: Correct the summary to reflect that "Quédillac" is not one of Isabelle Jarry's works.

refinement: The French writer and essayist, Isabelle Jarry, is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Some of her works include: Théodore Monod, L'Archange perdu, and Le Jardin Yamata.

text:
"Isabelle Jarry (born 2 October 1959 in Paris) is a French writer and essayist."
"She is a member of the Board of Directors of the ."
"She is a chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres."
Her work "Théodore Monod" was published in 1990.
Her work "L'Archange perdu" was published in 1990.
Her work "Le Jardin Yamata" was published in 1999.

answer: In 1995 Isabelle Jarry was nominated for the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française for her novel "William Wilson de 1983 à 1993". Since the late 90's Jarry has published many more novels, more specifically "L'archange perdu", "Le jardin yamata", "Au Désert", "Contre mes seuls ennemis", "La voix des êtres aimés", "Magique aujourd'hui", and "J'ai nom sans bruit."

text: Isabelle Jarry is a French novelist and essayist.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French novelist and essayist. In 1995 Isabelle Jarry was nominated for the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française for her novel "William Wilson de 1983 à 1993". Since the late 90's Jarry has published many more novels, more specifically "L'archange perdu", "Le jardin yamata", "Au Désert", "Contre mes seuls ennemis", "La voix des êtres aimés", "Magique aujourd'hui", and "J'ai nom sans bruit."

text: Isablle Jarry won the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française in 1995 for her work "L’Archange perdu" that was published in 1990.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French novelist and essayist. In 1995 Isabelle Jarry was awarded the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française for her novel "L’Archange perdu". Since the late 90's Jarry has published many more novels, more specifically "L'archange perdu", "Le jardin yamata", "Au Désert", "Contre mes seuls ennemis", "La voix des êtres aimés", "Magique aujourd'hui", and "J'ai nom sans bruit."

text: She has been active since 1990 to date.

refinement: Isabelle Jarry is a French novelist and essayist. In 1995 Isabelle Jarry was awarded the Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française for her novel "L’Archange perdu". Since 1990 Jarry has published many more novels, more specifically "L'archange perdu", "Le jardin yamata", "Au Désert", "Contre mes seuls ennemis", "La voix des êtres aimés", "Magique aujourd'hui", and "J'ai nom sans bruit."

text:
1990: "L’Archange perdu", Éditions Mercure de France, series “Bleue”, 345 p. , Prix Anna de Noailles de l'Académie française (1995)
1993: "William Wilson de 1983 à 1993", Paris, Comptoir général d'Édition, 221 p.
Her work "L'Archange perdu" was published in 1990.
Her work "Le Jardin Yamata" was published in 1999.
Her work "Au Désert" was published in 2002.
Her work "Contre mes seuls ennemis" was published in 2009.
Her work "La voix des êtres aimés" was published in 2011.
Her work "Magique aujourd'hui" was published in 2015.
Her work "J'ai nom sans bruit." was published in 2004.


split: train

text:
The Combined Action Platoon to which I was assigned consisted of 12 Marines and one Navy Corpsman. We later described  ourselves as Peace Corps workers with rifles operating as units in the countryside of I Corps outside of Da Nang Vietnam in 1970.

Winning the hearts and minds was the official mantra we were told when being given an area of operation to conduct patrols, ambushes and operations to attempt to ensure that the Viet Cong and NVA not control the locals by kidnapping village chiefs and murdering them or using their  terrorist tactics to convince some villages that wished to have allegiance to South Vietnam be left unmolested from their influence.

As a nineteen year old Navy Corpsman, I have to admit that my knowledge of politics was minimal and our involvement in Vietnam by the late sixties was obviously a “let’s get the hell out of here,” mentality. We flashed peace signs to each other everywhere we went while hitching rides on military vehicles on Highway One, the main asphalt artery running north to south.

Mainly, our platoon of Marines worked with a larger group of local militia types who were called Popular Forces.These were locals who were their National Guard (young, old and in-between) that we tried to train while living in their hometown villages in our area of operation. I was more idealistic in the beginning trying to work the civic action principles of this very different type of infantry unit.

In the villages I would hold Medcaps which were basically mobile clinics. Where I set up  a wooden table and chair in front of a Vietnamese home on a dusty main street while the villagers all lined up to be examined and diagnosed by me, a nineteen year old navy medic.

The Vietnamese word for doctor is bacsi but they usually just called me Bacsi-Doc. A heady title for a teenage corpsman.

The tedious drudgery and sometimes freakish minutes of terror in the CAPs seemed to blend into the day to day existence of never knowing when you might die or be horribly wounded as we witnessed this around us. Our Vietnamese counterparts seemed to appear to bear the brunt of this since Command had dictated a year previously that the Vietnamese had to take the lead on patrols and operations.

There was always the fear of a sniper round or stepping on a booby trap while on patrol or the knowledge that the same CAP a year previously had been wiped out in an ambush while on patrol.

 I told a Vietnam vet friend of mine recently that my recollection of Vietnam was comprised of two words: Chaos and bullshit. Chaos being the insanity of war and bullshit being the reasons we were there in the first place.

There are so many memories, many of which are blocked and repressed but will still creep up in a sweaty nightmare some forty years later. Basically I was just trying to do my job as a medical corpsman of which I had gone through much training to become.

Before leaving my last duty station at Bethesda Naval Hospital near Washington, D.C.I had worked in the ER learning skills that might only be approved to be performed by medical doctors in the civilian world. After receiving orders for Vietnam the next month, I was officially designated as a Navy 8404 FMF (Fleet Marine Force) Combat Corpsman since we were now Navy personnel officially attached to Marine Corps units which I learned had one of the highest mortality rate of any military occupational specialty.

When arriving in-country we attended Vietnamese Language School which was a two week course to also help us understand Vietnamese customs. We were then assigned to one of the four Combined Action Groups operating in I Corps.

The Lt. Col at the completion of the course seemed to take some kind of sadistic pleasure in telling us forty corpsmen lined up that day that only fifty percent of us would be making it home.

After being there a few months in the CAPs I became resigned  to doing the best I could under the circumstances. One afternoon, I was told that a local farmer had sliced his hand open while in the rice paddies. He was in a nearby hamlet to where we moved that night since being a mobile CAP was now our modus operandi. This was so that the enemy would not know where we might be set up on any given night. We’d learned that the older stationary units could bring on an attack more likely from the Viet Cong.

We became aware that we never knew who to really trust living among the people and  could actually be living with Viet Cong sympathizers. What I learned most interestingly early on was that these poor peasant farmers and their families just wished to be left alone by both us and the Viet Cong it seemed.

As the Marines I was with set up our nightly perimeter and sent out their ambush team, I entered this farmer’s humble straw made home to set up my medical bag on a rough wooden table with a kerosene lamp.

 I tended his wound, cleaning it with antiseptic while laying out my suture kit. I injected lidocaine to help numb the area. Using forceps and needle, I then carefully applied individual stitches along the length of the meaty part of his thumb that he had sliced open.

It occurred to me that this farmer had likely never been treated by anyone in his life for anything medically related and I thought he could also very well be either Viet Cong or a sympathizer.

I learned years later that the Viet Cong actually highly respected us for the humanitarian works we performed while in these CAP units and sometimes didn’t harass us because we were actually helping them in some unforetold way in this strange war nobody wanted.

As I squinted in the poor light to mend this Vietnamese man’s hand, I heard  a Marine who was sitting quietly nearby by say: “ Geez, Doc, where did you learn to do shit like that.?”

title: Bacsi-Doc Short story about the Vietnam war.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why would the Viet Cong attack the CAPs if they respected them for humanitarian works?

answer: From the narrative, there are two possible reasons for this. First is that the ambushes were not targeting the CAPs specifically and the mobile CAPs camps cannot be distinguished from non-CAPs camps. Another possible reason is that the CAPs get replaced even if they do get wiped out, so killing the current CAPs does equate to losing the humanitarian benefits they give.

answer: The Viet Cong might not attack the Combined Action Platoons for the humanitarian works they perform because they respect the CAPs, who are helping the local people. The Viet Cong might not perceive these humanitarian efforts as a threat, or might feel that it would be better to cooperate with the CAPs than go to war against them. Additionally, the Viet Cong may believe that if they attacked the CAPs and harmed the people they were trying to help, this would further weaken their position in the general population.

text: The response does not answer the question at all - it is in conflict with the question itself.

refinement: The Viet Cong might not know that the people they are attacking belong to the Combined Action Group simply because the group itself moves base often and sometimes stay in old stationary units that are often targets of the Viet Cong.

answer: Unclear, even if the Viet Cong sympathizes with them nonetheless.

text: The response, though straightforward, misses the fact that the article stated that the Viet Cong "sometimes" does not harass the CAP.

refinement: The Viet Cong sometimes do knowingly attack CAP, even though they respect the humanitarian works they do. There have been times, however, that the CAP gets attacked because of staying in locations that are targeted by the Viet Cong.

answer: The Viet Cong likely attack the CAP units because they also respect their humanitarian works as a means to dissent control over the local population and undermine the allies' efforts. The Viet Cong understand that if their enemies are involved in community improvement and looking out for the general well-being of the people, then the population will be more likely to trust those opponents. This trust means the allies are more likely to have the support of the people which would be to the Viet Cong's detriment.

answer: No answer

text: The article contains a hint of an answer.

refinement: The Viet Cong do sometimes attack the CAp to undermine them. However, there are times when the CAP is the subject of an attack due to unknowingly staying at locations that are targeted by the Viet Cong.


text:
LYUDMYLA LEONTIIVNA DENISOVA[1] (; ) (born July 6, 1960 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labor and Social Policy who on 15 March 2018 was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[2][3]

Biography

Raised by her mother Nina Ivanovna Ankudinova (born 1934) in Arkhangelsk Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).[4]

Professional career

Denisova was a teacher at a preschool in the Russian city of Arkhangelsk (school №78, 1979–80).[5] For the next nine years Denisova held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court.[6] In 1989, she moved to Ukraine and became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine (1990–91).[7] From 1991 she worked in the Republic of Crimea's Administration of the pension fund until 1998.[8]

Political career

In 1998 Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government.[9] In Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was named Politician of the Year in 2001. In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24 hours and charged with power abuse.[10] Denisova has stated she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document.[11] This criminal case was soon closed.[12]

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) since 2005.[13] During the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament).

Minister

On December 18, 2007, Yulia Tymoshenko, with a margin of two votes, was elected Prime Minister.[14] and the second Tymoshenko Government was formed between the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc and Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in which Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy.

In October 2009 Denisova was ranked 15th in a top 100 of “most influential women in Ukraine” compiled by experts for the Ukrainian magazine Focus (six places lower than non-minister and fellow Batkivshchina member Natalia Korolevska).[15]

2010 Crimean parliamentary election

Denisova headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election.[16] Batkivshchina did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[17]

2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Denisova was placed at number 38 on the electoral list of Batkivshchina during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[18] She was re-elected into parliament.[19]

2nd minister post

On 27 February 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government.[20]

In September 2014 Denisova became a founding member of her new party People's Front.[21]

2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Denisova was re-elected into parliament placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front.[22][23][24]

On 15 March 2018 the Ukrainian parliament elected Denisova Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.[25]

[1]  Short bio, LIGA

[2] https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/03/15/7174734/

[3] Maidan nominates Yatseniuk for prime minister, Interfax-Ukraine (26 February 2014)
Ukrainian parliament endorses new cabinet, Interfax-Ukraine (27 February 2014)

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9] Новый состав Кабмина принят единогласно , news.mediaport.ua

[10] Is She Next?, Kyiv Post (September 3, 2010)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]  Рейтинг Фокуса: 100 самых влиятельных женщин и 100 деталей о них , Focus

[16] Liudmyla Denisova heads electoral list of Crimean branch of Batkivschyna Party, Kyiv Post (September 30, 2010)

[17]  Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)

[18] They Call Themselves the Opposition, The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012)

[19]  Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012)

[20]

[21] Yatseniuk elected head of political council of People's Front Party , Demotix (9 September 2014)

[22] Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament , Ukrinform (8 November 2014)
People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections - CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)
Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament - CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (8 November 2014)

[23]  Full electoral list of “Fatherland” , TVi (15 September 2014)

[24]  Electoral list of People's Front, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 September 2014)

[25]

title: Lyudmyla Denisova

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's education?

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, the Leningrad State University, and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: It would be helpful to add the years that Denisova graduated in.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978. In 1989 she graduated from the Leningrad State University. She also graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: The Biography section of the text corroborates the answer.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, then the Leningrad State University in 1989, and finally the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: The biography section of the text corroborates the response.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She completed her state certification at the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The text does not say that Denisova received a state certification. This should be omitted.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She graduated from the Leningrad State University. She later completed her license at the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: The text does not mention Denisova completing a license at Tavria Institute. It would be better to omit this.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School. She graduated from the Leningrad State University. She later graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law.

text: It would be helpful to add the years that Denisova graduated in.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978. In 1989, she graduated from the Leningrad State University. She later graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: The biography section of the text corroborates the response.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School and the Leningrad State University.

text: The answer omits that Denisova also graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School, and the Leningrad State University. She also graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: It would be helpful to add the years that Denisova graduated in.

refinement: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School in 1978, and the Leningrad State University in 1989. She also graduated from the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law in 1995.

text: The biography section of the text corroborates this answer.

answer: Denisova graduated from the Arkhangelsk Pedagogical School (1978), the Leningrad State University (1989) and the Tavria Institute of Enterprise and Law (1995).

text: The biography section in the text corroborates the answer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Denisova's political career?

answer: Denisova has had a long political career, beginning as a teacher and moving on to various post within the Crimean provincial law courts and the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Denisova's time with the Crimean Provincial Committee and as a teacher aren't related to her political career. This should be omitted.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. In 2009 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's false that Denisova was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy in 2009. She was elected in 2007.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: This omits that Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007, and she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government and in 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's omitted that Denisova headed the electoral list of Batkivishchina during the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government. During the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, Desinova headed the electoral list of Batkivschina. 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's omitted that Denisova became a member of Batkivschina in 2005.

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998, and became a member of Batkivschina in 2005. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government. During the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, Desinova headed the electoral list of Batkivschina. 2014 she was re-elected to parliament for the second time. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It would be better to say Denisova was re-elected to Ukrainian parliament in 2014 and 2012, rather than "for a second time".

refinement: Denisova has had a long political career, moving on to various post within the Crimean government. Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998, and became a member of Batkivschina in 2005. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government. During the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, Desinova headed the electoral list of Batkivschina. In 2012 and 2014 she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: The first sentence is unnecessary, and it would be better to remove it.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998, and became a member of Batkivschina in 2005. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government. During the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, Desinova headed the electoral list of Batkivschina. In 2012 and 2014 she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

category_text: The critique is about an unnecessary piece of info

text: It's omitted that in 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government in 1998, and became a member of Batkivschina in 2005. Denisova was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 she was elected Minister of Labour and Social Policy under Yulia Tymoshenko's second government. During the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, Desinova headed the electoral list of Batkivschina. In 2012 and 2014 she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2014 Denisova became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: The section about the 2014 Ukrainian election supports that Denisova was reelected.

text: "On 15 March 2018 the Ukrainian parliament elected Denisova Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine" supports the final sentence that Denisova was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Everything in the political career and  2010 Crimean parliamentary election sections support that Denisova had a "long political career and moved on to various posts within the the Crimean government.

answer: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: Minister of Economy and Minister of Finance are under the same title.

refinement: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy and Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was also Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007.

refinement: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea, serving as Minister of Economy and Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It would be better to separate the first sentence into two.

refinement: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea. She served as Minister of Economy and Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was a founding member of her new party the People's Front.

refinement: Denisova has had a political career primarily in Crimea. She served as Minister of Economy and Finance, and head of Treasury Department before becoming Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and the Yatsenyuk Government in 2014. She was elected into parliament in both the 2006 and 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, placed 15th on the electoral list of People's Front in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, and was recently elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine. Denisova was also a founding member of her new party the People's Front.

answer: Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was also Minister of Labor and Social Policy in 2007.

refinement: Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Tymoshenko Government in 2007 and the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014 . She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It's omitted that Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances and was head of the Treasury Department around 1998.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances and was head of the Treasury Department around 1998. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Tymoshenko Government in 2007 and the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014 . She re-elected into parliament in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was also reelected into parliament in 2012.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances and was head of the Treasury Department around 1998. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Tymoshenko Government in 2007 and the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014 . She re-elected into parliament in the 2012 and 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was a founding member of her new party the People's Front in 2014.

refinement: Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances and was head of the Treasury Department around 1998. Denisova was the Minister of Labor and Social Policy as a member of the Tymoshenko Government in 2007 and the Yatsenyuk Government in February 2014 . She was a founding member of her new party the People's Front in 2014. She re-elected into parliament in the 2012 and 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. She was elected as Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine on March 15, 2018.

answer:
As Minister of Finance she held different posts in the Arkhangelsk provincial law court between 1979 and 1990. Following that, Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: This sentence does not relate to Denisova's political career, as she was not Minister of Finance in 1979 or 1990.

refinement:
Following that, Denisova became the legal adviser of the Crimean Provincial Committee of Ukraine from 1990 to 1991.

In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: Denisova's time as a legal advisor is irrelevant to her political career. This should be omitted.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. She served in Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: The text doesn't necessarily state when Denisova stopped serving under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. It would be better to omit this and replace it with saying under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Denisova served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. Under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Denisova served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department.

In 2000 Denisova was detained for 24hrs on charges of power abuse. She stated that she was persecuted for refusing to sign a budget document. This case was shut down.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: It would be better to state that Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy under the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and under the 2014 Yatsenyuk Government instead of mentioning what happened in 2000.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. Under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy under the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and under the 2014 Yatsenyuk Government.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She headed the electoral list of Batkivshchina for the 2010 Crimean parliamentary election, but Batkivshchina did not win seats in Supreme Council of Crimea.

text: It would be better to say that Denisova was reelected into the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and 2014 rather than the detail about Batkivschina not winning any seats.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. Under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy under the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and under the 2014 Yatsenyuk Government.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She was reelected into the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and 2014.

text: It's omitted that Denisova was a founding member of her new party the People's Front in 2014.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. Under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy under the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and under the 2014 Yatsenyuk Government.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She was reelected into the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and 2014, and was the founding member of her new part the People's Front in 2014.

text: It's omitted that she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in 2018.

refinement:
In 1998 Denisova became Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance and head of the Treasury Department in the Crimean government. Under the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, she served as Minister of Economy, Minister of Finance, and head of the Treasury Department. Denisova was elected Minister of Labor and Social Policy under the 2007 Tymoshenko Government and under the 2014 Yatsenyuk Government.

Denisova is a member of Batkivshchina since 2005. She was reelected into the Ukrainian parliament in 2012 and 2014, and was the founding member of her new part the People's Front in 2014. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights.

answer: In 1998, Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was named Politician of the Year in 2001. She has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005, and during the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada. In 2009, she was ranked the 15th most influential woman in Ukraine. She was re-elected to parliament in 2012. In 2014, she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In the same year, she was re-elected to the Ukrainian parliament. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.

text: For spatial reasons, would be better to combine the sentences about Denisova's reelections in 2012 and 2014 to one sentence.

refinement: In 1998, Denisova became the Minister of Economy and Finances in the Crimean government. She was named Politician of the Year in 2001. She has been a member of Batkivshchina since 2005, and during the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a deputy to the Verkhovna Rada. In 2009, she was ranked the 15th most influential woman in Ukraine. She was re-elected to parliament in 2012 and 2014. In 2014, she became Minister of Labor and Social Policy in the Yatsenyuk Government and became a founding member of her new party People's Front. In 2018, she was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.


text:
[]
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question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Adyen is a payment company that offers businesses seamless transactions across the globe.

text: It is omitted that the company offers an end-to-end infrastructure for the transactions.

refinement: Adyen is a payment company that offers businesses end-to-end infrastructure delivering seamless transactions across the globe.

answer: Adyen is a global payment provider designed to offer businesses a frictionless payment experience, crossing borders.

text: It is omitted that the offer s=is end-to-end.

refinement: Adyen is a global payment provider designed to offer businesses an end-to-end frictionless payment experience, crossing borders.

answer: Adyen offers businesses an end-to-end infrastructure for frictionless payments, allowing customers to use methods they know and trust to make transactions.

answer: Ayden payment company renders friendly end-to-end business transactions between the buyer and the seller and ensures optimum customer satisfaction and safety.

text: It is omitted that the company offers an end-to-end infrastructure.

refinement: Ayden payment company renders friendly end-to-end infrastructure delivering business transactions between the buyer and the seller and ensures optimum customer satisfaction and safety.

answer: Adyen is a global payment company that provides businesses with an end-to-end infrastructure for frictionless payments from anywhere in the world.

answer: Adyen is a global provider of payments infrastructure, offering businesses a range of payment options to suit their needs.


text:
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Grieving Debra Parsons will have her mum Doreen for Christmas dinner this year – by scattering her ashes on the turkey then tucking in.

And for dessert she’ll enjoy Christmas Pud...with a dusting of her mum’s last remains too.

Debra, 41, has felt the urge to EAT Doreen’s ashes since she died in May and has had a small
spoonful most days to feel “as close as possible” to her.

But as she faces Christmas without her, the craving has become even stronger.

“It is the only thing that will get me through my first Christmas without mum,” said Debra.

[]

Doreen Brown died in May this year (Image: Sunday Mirror)
[]

The ashes of Doreen Brown in a box (Image: Nicholas Bowman/Sunday Mirror)
“People might think I’m mad or that it’s not a very respectful thing to do but I just can’t stop myself.

“I see it as a positive thing – allowing her to be close to me and also involving her in the family day.

[]

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“I feel like she can live on by being inside of me because if she is part of me she can breathe through my body. My breath is her breath.

“It will be my first Christmas without her and I want her to be involved and this is the only way that feels right to me.”

[]

Doreen Brown with her daughter Debra Parsons (Image: Sunday Mirror)
[]

Debra Parsons who plans to eat the ashes of her mother Doreen Brown (Image: Nicholas Bowman/Sunday Mirror)

Doreen Brown died suddenly from an airway obstruction after suffering a chest infection in May.

It was yet another tragedy for mum-of-two Debra, who lost a son at Christmas 1996 when he was born prematurely.

She has struggled for years to cope with her grief – but when Doreen passed away she plunged to an all-time low.

“My mum and I had a really strong bond and one which could never be broken, even by death,” Debra said.

“She has been the one who has helped me through all the other ups and downs of my life and then suddenly she just wasn’t there any more.

“I was distraught.”

[]

For dessert she’ll enjoy Christmas Pud...with a dusting of her mum’s last remains too (Image: Nicholas Bowman/Sunday Mirror)
After the funeral and cremation Debra began to think what she would do with Doreen’s ashes – but rejected the traditional idea of scattering them at a beauty spot her mum loved.

“It wasn’t something I had ever thought about,” she said. “I always thought I would have more time to think about it.

“I knew Mum was ill but never
expected her to pass away when she did. So when she went I had that feeling of huge loss but also of regret over all the things that went unsaid and all the times we would miss in the future.

“I decided I wanted to do something with her ashes that would make a difference to how we remembered her. I didn’t want to just scatter them because that would feel like throwing her away.”

Two months later, one of Debra’s two sisters, who are unaware of her unorthodox
ritual, delivered her share of the ashes to her home.

[]

After the funeral and cremation Debra began to think what she would do with Doreen’s ashes – but rejected the traditional idea of scattering them at a beauty spot her mum loved (Image: Nicholas Bowman/Sunday Mirror)
“At first I kept them in a plastic sandwich bag.

“I wanted to be with them all the time so I had them by my bed or with me around the house.

“Then I got a little box for them so I could have them on display but no matter what I did I just couldn’t get that feeling of closeness.” But one day – when she was missing her mum more than usual – Debra had a moment of inspiration.

“I don’t know what made me do it the first time – it was just an urge. I can’t describe it.

Salty

“I opened the box and licked my fingers and just dipped them into the powder.

“Before I knew what I was doing they were in my mouth and the chalky, salty taste was comforting. I felt confused by what I had done to begin with but the feeling of comfort and closeness it brought was the first bit of solace I’d had since her death.”

Each day, Debra’s urge to eat her mum’s ashes became harder to resist.

And as Christmas nears, she is planning to take her secret to the next level. She added: “I have been having a little taste most days – sometimes on my finger or on a little spoon.

[]

Each day, Debra’s urge to eat her mum’s ashes became harder to resist (Image: Nicholas Bowman/Sunday Mirror)
“But Christ-mas has always been a really difficult time of year since the anniversary of my son’s death is December 28 and as it gets close this year I feel the urge even more. Christmas is a special time of year when you want to be close to the ones you love the most and I feel the loss of those that aren’t here more strongly now than ever.

“But I don’t want to just eat the ashes on my fingers – I’d like my mum to be a part of the celebration this year so I will have her with my Christmas dinner.

“We will have a place laid for her and a picture of her on the table so she can be with us on the very
special day.”

Debra’s fiancé – who we have agreed not to name – has supported her through her grief and they plan to marry next year.

“I am lucky that my loved ones understand what I am doing,” said Debra, of Folkestone, Kent.

“And I know my mum would have been happy for me to do whatever I needed to get over no longer having her in my life.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about what Debra Parsons is doing with her mother's remains?

answer: Debra Parsons plans to eat her mother's ashes.

answer: Debra gets a box after the funeral and cremation of her mother to keep the ashes of her mother in. Debra is planning to have a part of her mother's ashes on hand with her eats Christmas dinner. She will also have a place set at the table during Christmas dinner for her mom as well.

text: This answer does not mention that Debra is consuming the ashes.

refinement: Debra gets a box after the funeral and cremation of her mother to keep the ashes of her mother in. Debra is planning to consume her mother's ashes as part of her Christmas dinner. She will also have a place set at the table during Christmas dinner for her mom as well.

answer: Debra Parsons is planning to eat her mother's ashes in her Christmas dinner. She has been eating a little bit of her mother's ashes every day and feels that her mother can live on by being inside her. She doesn't want to just scatter the ashes at a beauty spot her mother loved because she wants to make a difference to how they remember her. Debra's fiancé supports her through her grief.

text: The line about Debra's fiance is unneeded.

refinement: Debra Parsons is planning to eat her mother's ashes in her Christmas dinner. She has been eating a little bit of her mother's ashes every day and feels that her mother can live on by being inside her. She doesn't want to just scatter the ashes at a beauty spot her mother loved because she wants to make a difference to how they remember her.

answer: Debra Parsons has been eating her mother's ashes since she died in May. She feels that by eating the ashes, she can be close to her mother. She has felt the urge to eat her mother's ashes since her death. She plans to eat her mother's ashes this Christmas, by sprinkling them on the turkey and the Christmas pudding.

answer: Debra Parsons plans to eat a portion of her mother's ashes by eating Christmas Pud with one. She considered scattering the ashes at a beauty spot her mother loved, but wanted them to be a part of her life and the family Christmas celebration instead.

text: Phrasing of the opening line can be more accurate and mention the turkey.

refinement: Debra Parsons plans to eat a portion of her mother's ashes by sprinkling them on her Christmas turkey and Christmas Pud. She considered scattering the ashes at a beauty spot her mother loved, but wanted them to be a part of her life and the family Christmas celebration instead.

answer: Debra Parsons has been eating her mother's ashes since she died in May. She feels that by eating the ashes, she can be close to her mother. She has felt the urge to eat her mother's ashes since her death. She plans to eat her mother's ashes this Christmas.


text:
JONES AWUAH (born 7 October 1983) is a Ghanaian association football player.

Career

Professional

He began his career with Gillingham and made his professional debut in the Football League First Division against Nottingham Forest on 18 September 2002.[1] Whilst at Gillingham he had loan periods at Sittingbourne in October 2002,[2] Dover Athletic in February 2004,[3] Worthing[4] and Woking. He was released in the summer of 2005 by Gillingham.[5]

Semi-professional

He then dropped into non-league football, playing for Aveley and Bromley in 2005, Sutton United where he moved in February 2006,[6] and Beckenham Town in late 2006.

He joined Dorchester Town on a short-term deal in August 2007,[7][8] making his first team debut on 14 August against Havant & Waterlooville.[9] He moved to Fisher Athletic in February 2008 and Bognor Regis Town in December 2008.[10][11] A move to Winchester City followed in March 2009,[12] and then quickly onto Weymouth.[13]

He then joined Carshalton Athletic for a time before being released, next joining Middlesex side Ashford Town in February 2010.[14][15] At the start of the 2011–12 season he joined Burgess Hill Town[16] and was released by the club at the end of January 2012.[17]

[1] Soccerbase

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

title: Jones Awuah

question: When was Awuah born?

answer: October 7, 1983

answer: Jones Awuah was born on October 7th, 1983.

answer: 7 October 1983

answer: October 7, 1983

question: Where is Awuah from?

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it appears that Awuah is from Ghana.

answer: Ghana

answer: Ghana.

answer: Ghana

question: What sport does Awuah play?

answer: Football

answer: Football (soccer)

answer: Football

answer: From the passage, it is clear that Jones Awuah is a professional association football player.

question: When did Awuah drop into non-league football?

answer: Based on the passage, it appears that Awuah dropped into non-league football in 2005.

answer: He dropped into non-league football in 2005.

answer: He dropped into non-league football in 2005.

answer: 2005

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Jones Awuah is a Ghanaian association football player who has played for a number of semi-professional clubs in England.

answer: Jones Awuah is a Ghanaian association football player. He was born in 1983, and he began his career with Gillingham, but he was released by them in the summer of 2005 and dropped into non-league football. He last played for Burgess Hill Town, but was released by them at the end of January 2012.

answer: Jones Awuah is a Ghanaian association football player. He began his career with Gillingham and made his professional debut in the Football League First Division against Nottingham Forest on 18 September 2002. He was released by Gillingham in the summer of 2005.

answer: Jones Awuah is a Ghanaian footballer who has played in both professional and semi-professional leagues. He has had spells with several clubs, most recently with Burgess Hill Town.


text:
The '''Cathedral of St. Sebastian '''[1] (), also referred to as RIBEIRÃO PRETO CATHEDRAL, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ribeirão Preto and the main Catholic church in Ribeirão Preto,[2] São Paulo, Brazil.[3]

The population of the city expanded greatly after its 1856 founding as coffee cultivation brought wealth to the region. Construction on the first church, also called “velha Matriz” (mother church), began in 1866 and was finished in 1870, in what is now the XV de Novembro Square. Barely two decades later, the towers of this building collapsed, and in 1892 a commission of leading townspeople was formed to build a more grandiose replacement. Design and construction was repeatedly halted and restarted over the next decade owing to differing visions for the structure as well as a lack of funds. The cornerstone of the current building was finally laid March 3, 1904 with construction continuing for the next four years. In 1909, Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Ribeirão Preto, and St. Sebastian's was named its cathedral.

The cathedral buildings and its surrounding campus were declared protected by the Council for the Defense of Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage (Condephaat) in 2014.

[1] Metropolitan Cathedral of St. Sebastian

[2]

[3]

title: St. Sebastian Cathedral, Ribeirão Preto

question: What is another name for the Cathedral of St. Sebastian?

answer: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is also referred to as Ribeirão Preto Cathedral.

answer: Ribeirão Preto Cathedral

answer: The Ribeirao Preto Cathedral.

answer: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is also known as the Ribeirão Preto Cathedral.

question: When was the city founded?

answer: 1856

answer: 1856.

answer: The city of Ribeirão Preto was founded in 1856.

answer: The city was founded in 1856.

question: When did construction on the first church begin?

answer: 1866.

answer: 1866

answer: Construction on the first church began in 1866.

answer: Construction on the first church began in 1866.

question: When did construction on the first church end?

answer: The construction on the first church ended in 1870.

answer: 1870

answer: Construction on the first church ended in 1870.

answer: 1870.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The article is about the Cathedral of St. Sebastian in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

answer: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ribeirão Preto and the main Catholic church in Ribeirão Preto.

text: Mention that the cathedral is in Brazil.

refinement: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil and the main Catholic church in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

answer: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is the main Catholic church in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. It was declared a protected historical site in 2014.

text: The question only asks for one sentence. Remove the second sentence in the answer.

refinement: The Cathedral of St. Sebastian is the main Catholic church in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

answer: The article discusses the history and the construction of St. Sebastian Cathedral, Ribeirão Preto.

text: Mention that the cathedral was built in Brazil.

refinement: The article discusses the history and the construction of St. Sebastian Cathedral in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.


text:
In recent days, Dr. Frances Kelsey has been fondly remembered, in large part for the role she played in averting a thalidomide tragedy in the U.S. in the late 1950s. As an employee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Canadian-born pharmacologist stubbornly demanded more safety data, delaying approval of the morning sickness drug until it became clear from other jurisdictions that it was causing miscarriages and grave deformities in children.

Dr. Kelsey's heroism should in no way be played down; after all, she received the Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service from president John F. Kennedy, who lauded her "exceptional judgement." (By contrast, she received the Order of Canada only this year, a day before her death, likely because her actions stood in stark contrast to Canada's deadly inaction.)

But let's not forget that Dr. Kelsey worked at an institution, and within a government, that not only allowed, but encouraged, this sort of initiative.

What we had in Canada – home to one of the world's worst thalidomide disasters – was a civil service that was more meek and susceptible to bending to the pressures from the drug-maker Merrell that Dr. Kelsey was able to resist.

The take-home message here is that, in 2015, just as in 1960, a strong, independent public service is essential to our health and well-being.

Among other things, we need drug regulators who can regulate rigorously, free of political and corporate pressures. More broadly, we need a public service that works, and is free to work, in the public interest.

It's not enough to have laws – let's not forget that drug regulations were similar in Canada and the U.S. at the time thalidomide came along – we need people who can give those laws life, to embrace the spirit and not just the letter of the law, especially when it comes to ensuring public safety.

In short, we need to foster a new generation of Dr. Kelseys.

Sadly, we are doing exactly the opposite.

We have a public service that is muzzled, emasculated, derided and decimated.

There are about a quarter-million federal public servants in Canada, a considerably lower figure than from a decade ago. They serve a broad variety of functions from, overseeing national parks to ensuring aviation safety, and everything in between.

It is in our best interest, economically as well as socially, that every one of those workers serves a useful function.

Yet consultations with the public servants show that they feel mired in red tape and frustrated by cumbersome processes that leave them unable to do their jobs. That's why the Privy Council has undertaken an initiative to transform the public service, dubbed Blueprint 2020.

The plan features some lovely rhetoric, such as Conservative Leader Stephen Harper saying in the introduction: "An agile, efficient and effective Public Service is essential to the well-being of Canadians." And it is chock-full of good intentions.

But Blueprint 2020 lacks of a clear philosophical bent and strong political commitment to an independent, empowered public service.

What is required, especially in these difficult economic times, is a scientific, non-partisan approach to drafting and implementing policy.

While it is fashionable to bad-mouth the bureaucracy and sing the praises of free market, public regulation plays an essential role as a ballast to corporate excesses driven by self-interest.

The role of government, duly elected, is to formulate legislation and other policies in what it believes is the best interests of citizens. But its role is not to micromanage and bark orders down the line. Rather, elected officials should depend on civil servants for thoughtful, independent advice, especially on scientific matters.

What we need today is evidence-based policy-making if, for no other reason than it produces better policy.

Public servants should not be toadies, singing the praises of ill-conceived or partisan initiatives. Nor should they be muzzled. They should be offering constructive criticism to ensure policies are workable and fair, and analysis and insight that helps avoid unintended consequences.

For this, we need to create an atmosphere where public servants can innovate, take risks, and, as Dr. Kelsey did, call B.S. when necessary.

If we want better government and more sensible public policies, we need to give public-sector employees autonomy, authority and responsibility.

That, rather than a celebration of individual heroics, should be Frances Kelsey's legacy.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the steps Dr Kelsey took to minimize the risk of a thalidomide tragedy in the US.

answer: Dr Kelsey's heroism should not be played down. Dr Kelsey worked at an institution and within a government that allowed and encouraged this sort of initiative. In Canada, there was a civil service that was more meek and susceptible to bending to the pressures from the drug-maker Merrell that Dr Kelsey was able to resist.

text: The highlighted sentences are unnecessary and should be deleted.

refinement: Dr Kelsey worked at an institution and within a government that allowed and encouraged this sort of initiative.

text: The response should be more specific about what agency Kelsey worked at, as well as the steps she took to prevent the tragedy.

refinement: Dr Kelsey worked at the Food and Drug Administration in the US. She demanded more safety data regarding thalidomide and delayed the approval of the morning sickness drug until it became clear that it was causing miscarriages and deformities in children..

answer: Dr Kelsey worked at the US Food and Drug Administration. She demanded more safety data before approving the drug. She received the award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service from President John F. Kennedy. She is hailed for her "exceptional judgement".

text: The highlighted sentences are unnecessary.

refinement: Dr Kelsey worked at the US Food and Drug Administration. She demanded more safety data before approving the drug.

text: The response should be more specific about what Kelsey did.

refinement: Dr Kelsey worked at the US Food and Drug Administration. She demanded more safety data before approving the drug, which showed that the morning sickness drug caused miscarriages and deformities in children.

answer: Dr Frances Kelsey was a civil servant who risked her job to prioritize the need for more consumer safety data on the morning-sickness drug called thalidomide. She steadfastly insisted on more data gathering.

text: The response should include the name of the agency that she worked at and what her actions prevented.

refinement: Dr Frances Kelsey was a civil servant who worked at the Food and Drug Administration in the US. She risked her job to prioritize the need for more consumer safety data on the morning-sickness drug called thalidomide. She steadfastly insisted on more data gathering, which led to the discovery that the drug caused miscarriages and deformities in children.

answer: Dr Kelsey delayed approval of the morning sickness drug until there was clearer evidence that it was causing adverse effects to children and miscarriages. She received the Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service by John F. Kennedy for her efforts.

text: The highlighted sentence should be replaced with the name of the agency in which she worked at.

refinement: Dr. Kelsey worked at the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Dr Kelsey delayed approval of the morning sickness drug until there was clearer evidence that it was causing adverse effects to children and miscarriages.

answer: Dr Kelsey worked at the US Food and Drug Administration. She demanded more safety data before approving the drug. She received the award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service from President John F. Kennedy.

text: The highlighted portion of the response should include the dangerous side effects of the drug.

refinement: Dr Kelsey worked at the US Food and Drug Administration. She demanded more safety data before approving the drug. It was discovered that the morning sickness drug causes miscarriages and deformities in children.


text:
Chad shares strategic borders with Libya, and the Darfur area of Sudan. While some categorizations put it into central or west Africa, its important interactions are with East Africa. Libya invades Chad in December of the 1980s.

1981

Human Rights Watch[1] said "the United States helped Habré take power in the first clandestine operation launched by Ronald Reagan's CIA chief, William J. Casey, when he took over the agency in 1981. The purpose, according to Secretary of State Alexander Haig, was to “bloody Khadaffi's nose.” The United States later provided Habré with tens of millions of dollars per year in military assistance, even after it became clear that Habré was committing atrocities against his own people."

1982

On August 29, 1978, Hissène Habré was given the post of prime minister of Chad, replacing Félix Malloum in that position; Malloum had been both prime minister and president since 1975. Habré's term as prime minister ended, however, a year later, when Malloum's government ended. Elections brought Goukouni Oueddei to the presidency.

Habré deposed Oueddei on June 7, 1982 and the FAN leader became president; the post of prime minister was abolished. There followed a period of turmoil. Habré created the secret police force, the Documentation and Security Directorate (DSD) and many opponents of Habré were executed. It also is believed that thousands of people from tribes Habré thought hostile to the regime were killed. It is estimated that Habré's government carried out 40,000 politically motivated killings and over 200,000 cases of torture, leading Human Rights Watch to dub him “Africa's Pinochet.”[2]

1983

Libya invaded Chad on July 1975 in an attempt to drive out Habré, occupying and annexing the Aozou Strip. France and the United States responded by aiding Chad in an attempt to contain Libya's regional ambitions under Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi.

Civil war deepened. On December 15, 1980, Libya occupied all of northern Chad, but Habré defeated Libyan troops and drove them out in November 1981. In 1983, Libyan troops occupied all of the country north of Koro Toro. The United States used a clandestine base in Chad to train captured Libyan soldiers whom it was organizing into an anti-Gaddafi force. The USA provided military aid and gave support to the DSD, according to the _Washington Post_.[3]

1985

“One newly-discovered DDS report reveals that some of Chad's most vicious torturers went on a training mission in 1985 to the United States. Four days after the report, other documents show, several of the trainees were promoted to leadership positions with the DDS.”[4]

1988

Habré's aid from the USA and France helped him to win the war against Gaddafi's Libya. The Libyan occupation of the north of Koro Toro ended when Habré defeated him in 1987. By that time, the war was beginning to end, and had ended by 1988.[5]

According to a Commission of Inquiry set up by Idriss Déby's current Chadian government indicated that the US was supplying Hissein Habré's security forces with means of transport, weapons, clothing and communications equipment, while France, Egypt, Iraq and Zaire were contributing to financing, training and equipping the DDS, with whom they were exchanging intelligence. Again according to the Commission of Inquiry, in 1988 the United States granted the DDS monthly aid of five million CFA francs for its expenditure on fuel and the salaries of its officers. The Commission made public a letter dated June 30, 1988 in which the DDS requested the United States Embassy in N'Djaména to double the amount of this aid.[6]

1989

"The Commission of Inquiry believes that this request was probably met in 1989. According to the Commission, US advisers went regularly to the office of the director of the DDS, either to give advice or to exchange intelligence, and it seems reasonable to believe that they were aware of the torture of prisoners held at the DDS, particularly since the DDS premises were right next to the USAID building, from where it would have been possible to hear the screams of torture victims. The DDS was also part of a network known as “Mosaïque”, _Mosaic_, made up of the security services of the Côte d'Ivoire, Israel, Chad, Togo, the Central African Republic, Zaire and Cameroon. The aim of Mosaïque, which was financed by the United States, was to facilitate exchanges of intelligence, the implementation of joint operations and surveillance of opponents to governments (in particular through extradition).

"Chad has been a major beneficiary of US military assistance in Africa. This support was maintained and even increased throughout the Habré administration. Assistance was given principally through the International Military Education and Training Program (IMET) and the Military Assistance Program (MAP). The aims of this military assistance were set out in a document presented to the US Congress in 1987:

    "The objectives of the proposed IMET program are: to help the Chadian military develop the systems and operational and maintenance expertise needed for effective management, to encourage an indigenous training capability, and to promote a better understanding of the U.S. and demonstrate out commitment to democratic principles and human rights

"In 1998, Congress was informed that the US authorities had “provided $25 million in emergency military equipment and services under section 506(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act. Additional emergency aid was authorised in 1986 and 1987. These emergency funds and our MAP (Military Assistance Program) have enabled provision of three C-130A aircraft, ammunition, Redeye missiles, grenade launchers, rifles, four-wheel drive vehicles and support for previously acquired U.S. equipment.” The same document estimated that in 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986 respectively, seven, 11, four and six million US dollars had been spent on “military deliveries”.

"None of the documents presented to Congress and consulted by Amnesty International covering the period from 1984 to 1989 make any reference to human rights violations.[7]

1990

Despite this victory, Habré's government was weak, and strongly opposed by members of the Zaghawa ethnic group. On December 1, 1990, he was deposed by Idriss Déby, a Zaghawa and one of his former generals, with support from Libya. Habré went into exile in Senegal, and Déby became president of Chad.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

title: CIA activities in Chad

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the events kept out of the discretion of the US Congress.

answer: The United States provided military aid and equipment to the security services of Hissein Habré from the 1980s to the early 1990s, despite knowledge of their human rights violations. The US also had knowledge of the activities of Mosaique, a network of African security services funded in part by the United States, which was used for gathering of intelligence and joint operations. While Congress was not privy to specific details, they were aware of some assistance provided and its objectives.

answer: The US provided military assistance to human rights violator Hissein Habré's government from 1983-1989 and again in 1998. Materials indicate that the assistance was primarily focused on providing military equipment or services. Human rights violations associated with the DDS, Habré's secret police force, were not mentioned in any documents presented to Congress and consulted by Amnesty International.

answer: A document stated that the US government provided five million CFA francs upon the request of the DDS. Congress was informed that additional emergency aid was authorised in 1986 and 1987. These emergency funds and MAP supported three C-130A aircraft, ammunition, Redeye missiles, grenade launchers, rifles and 4-wheel drive vehicles.

text: Doesn't accurately enumerate fiscal aid given.

refinement: A document stated that the US government provided five million CFA francs upon the request of the DDS. Moreover, another document estimated that seven, eleven, four, and six million dollars had been spent on "military deliveries." Congress was informed that additional emergency aid was authorised in 1986 and 1987. These emergency funds and MAP supported three C-130A aircraft, ammunition, Redeye missiles, grenade launchers, rifles and 4-wheel drive vehicles.

text: Doesn't mention the omission of knowledge of human rights violations by the DDS.

refinement: A document stated that the US government provided five million CFA francs upon the request of the DDS. Moreover, another document estimated that seven, eleven, four, and six million dollars had been spent on "military deliveries." Congress was informed that additional emergency aid was authorised in 1986 and 1987. These emergency funds and MAP supported three C-130A aircraft, ammunition, Redeye missiles, grenade launchers, rifles and 4-wheel drive vehicles. They were not informed about the known human rights violations and atrocities committed by the DDS and Habre government that US officials had to have known about.

answer: In 1987, the US Congress approved aid to Chad. This aid was given to the DDS, a secret police force in Chad; between 1983 and 1989, millions of US Dollars were sent to the secret police force, who are believed to have tortured thousands of Chadians in horrific ways. The DDS was involved in a network of security services known as Mosaique, which collaborated with the US to surveil and cooperate in the arrest, torture and murder of political opponents.

answer: Chad President Habré ordered the murder of 40,000 people as well as the torture of 200,000 for political reasons. The CIA and several other clandestine agencies of allied countries were complicit in the intelligence operations that helped Hebré retain his presidency. The high-ranking officials in the Chad Documentation and Security Directorate (DSD) were trained by CIA agents in the USA.