text:
The Checkup

The arts can be a source of joy in a child’s day, and also come in handy for memorizing times tables.

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Credit...iStock

-   March 4, 2019

In “A Tree Grows in Brooklyn_,”_ Betty Smith’s 1943 autobiographical novel about growing up poor in the early 20th century, the public school that the heroine attends is a pretty bleak place. But “there was a great golden glory lasting a half-hour each week when Mr. Morton came to Francie’s room to teach music.”

He taught them classical music, the book continues, without telling them what they were learning, setting his own words to the great works. “Little boys whistled part of Dvorak’s New World Symphony as they played marbles. When asked the name of the song, they’d reply ‘Oh, “Going Home.”’ They played potsy, humming ‘The Soldiers’ Chorus’ from Faust, which they called ‘Glory.’”

Francie also looked forward to the visits of the drawing teacher; “these two visiting teachers were the gold and silver sun-splash in the great muddy river of school days.”

Arts education in schools has introduced many children to great painters and great music, and helped them through their first dance steps or tentative musical endeavors. It can serve as a bright spot in the schoolchild’s day or week, a class that brings in beauty, color and joy, and which is not about testing.

These subjects are often under threat either from budget cuts or from the inexorable demands of academic testing and “accountability,” but insights from neuroscience suggest that arts education can play additional important roles in how children learn.

Paul T. Sowden, a professor of psychology at the University of Winchester in England, warned that in Britain, as in the United States, arts and humanities subjects have suffered in recent years as the emphasis shifted to science and technology. It's important, he said, that arts education be available equally to everyone. But arts education, he said, is a chance to build resilience and determination in children, as well as to help them master complex skills.

Arts education encompasses many disciplines: “I’m talking about everything from music, drama, dance, design, visual arts,” Dr. Sowden said. And the goal goes beyond the specific subjects, he said: “You’re looking for opportunities in the arts education context to encourage children to ask questions, to use their imaginations, but also to approach their work in a systematic, disciplined way.”

When children are younger, arts education helps develop their capacity for collaboration, for creativity, and even for asking questions. As they get older, he said, “their executive function is much more developed, their ability to sustain attentional tasks is much greater.” For them, arts education can offer the chance to refine and polish a skill over time, or revise a project until it is as good as it can be.

Sometimes the arts are taught in a very set curriculum, Dr. Sowden said, but there are real advantages to teaching in a more exploratory way, where children can experiment. And both parents and teachers can encourage children to explore, he said; “that’s the way you get the biggest benefit, not just learning to reproduce a particular work by Monet or dance sequence.”

The skills that children master in arts education, he said, may be transferable to other curricular areas.

Mariale Hardiman, a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative, was interested in how children do — and don’t — retain what they learn in school. “A lot of the information we teach doesn’t stick.”

What she saw as a school principal, she said, was that when arts were integrated into the curriculum, “learning became more visible.” Teachers told her “the children would remember the information better when they taught it through the arts.”

So though arts education has many other benefits, she said, such as creative thinking, her studies have focused on children’s memory for academic subjects, comparing what children remembered 10 weeks after material was taught. Researchers wrote two different versions of the curriculum, matched for content and timing, both involving active learning, but one including arts education. For example, in an arts integrated curriculum, students would sketch their vocabulary words, or learn some of the material as songs, or act out molecular motion with their bodies.

The children who had learned the material in the curriculum that made use of the arts remembered more, and the effect was largest among the children who were less strong academically, the “lower performers.”

“We found the biggest difference with children at the lower level of achievement,” Dr. Hardiman said. “Could this be at least one lever for closing an achievement gap?” After all, these are often the students who are condemned to dreary drill and repetition, in hopes of bringing them to a higher level: “What if the arts are a lever of school reform, better than the drill and kill we do with remedial students?”

In a 2019 article in the journal Trends in Neuroscience and Education, Dr. Hardiman and her colleagues described the results of a randomized controlled trial looking at fifth-graders who were taught science content, some using techniques from arts education, and others with more conventional instruction. The researchers again saw an effect on the students with more limited reading skills; they remembered more science if they had learned with the integrated arts methods.

So why might the arts integration help children’s memory? “Arts allow for elaboration, allow for repetition,” Dr. Hardiman said. “Memory is certainly enhanced through repetition, the more you revisit something, the more you remember it.” And the visual and performing arts also allow children to elaborate in creative ways on the material.

The advantage of learning through the arts will come as no surprise to anyone who grew up with the “Fifty Nifty United States” song or learned how a bill becomes a law from Schoolhouse Rock. Some of today’s children are learning history from the lyrics of “Hamilton.”

I suddenly remembered a rather mournful tune from decades ago, in high school, when a science teacher told us we would be tested on the elements with a charge of positive 2 and a friend and I set them to a chant; I can still name them, in order, and when it comes to chemistry, I am definitely one of the less able students.

“Arts integration should not replace arts education,” Dr. Hardiman said. She suggested a “three-legged stool,” with one leg being arts education, including dedicated classes in visual and performing arts, and the second arts and cultural offerings, such as artists coming into the school or visits to museums. The third leg would be the integration of the arts into the teaching of other subjects.

“Parents can easily do simple arts activities with kids,” Dr. Hardiman said, and can incorporate these ideas around homework or just in spending time together. Maybe it would help to put the multiplication tables into a song, or ask children to sketch their ideas, or use body poses to show the emotion that a character in a story is feeling.

Ronald Beghetto, a professor of educational psychology and the director of Innovation House at the University of Connecticut, studies creativity in educational settings, which, he said, “can be manifest across all different disciplines.”

“We tend, as adults, to overplan and overstructure young people’s experiences,” Dr. Beghetto said. While structure is important, he said, so is “letting kids determine their own problems to solve, their own ways to solve them.”

Arts education, he said, can provide those structured opportunities that foster creativity.

“Working through some creative endeavor, we’re really resolving uncertainty,” he said. “We approach the blank canvas.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Dr. Hardiman?

answer: Dr. Hardiman is a psychology professor at Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She says that the integration of arts in the curriculum can be used to improve learning skills. She says that arts education should not replace arts education. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

text: This is a tautology.

refinement: Dr. Hardiman is a psychology professor at Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She says that the integration of arts in the curriculum can be used to improve learning skills. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

text: Add information about the study

refinement: Dr. Hardiman is a psychology professor at Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She ran a study looking at fifth graders who were taught science content with some of the techniques of arts education. They saw an effect on students with limited reading skills. She says that the integration of arts in the curriculum can be used to improve learning skills. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

text: Explain the metaphor of the three legged stool.

refinement: Dr. Hardiman is a psychology professor at Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She ran a study looking at fifth graders who were taught science content with some of the techniques of arts education. They saw an effect on students with limited reading skills. She says that the integration of arts in the curriculum can be used to improve learning skills. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, using the metaphor of a three-legged stool (practical classes, cultural classes, and integrative classes) which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

answer: Mariale Hardiman is a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She used to work as a school principal, and she noticed that children seemed to recall information better when it was taught via the arts. She performed an experiment which found that children taught material using the arts remembered more than children taught the same material without the arts, and that the difference was greatest among those who were less strong academically. In 2019, Hardiman and her colleagues published the results of an experiment which found that students with more limited reading skills also benefited from the use of arts in the classroom.

text: Discuss the metaphor of the 3 legged stool.

refinement: Mariale Hardiman is a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She used to work as a school principal, and she noticed that children seemed to recall information better when it was taught via the arts. She performed an experiment which found that children taught material using the arts remembered more than children taught the same material without the arts, and that the difference was greatest among those who were less strong academically. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, using the metaphor of a three-legged stool (practical classes, cultural classes, and integrative classes) which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

answer: Dr. Hardiman is a professor of educational psychology who studies how arts education impacts children's memory for academic subjects. Her research found that arts integration helps improve the memory of lower performing students, and that the arts' potential to foster creativity is important in school settings.

text: Discuss where she is a professor

refinement: Mariale Hardiman is a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She used to work as a school principal, and she noticed that children seemed to recall information better when it was taught via the arts. She studies how arts education impacts children's memory for academic subjects. Her research found that arts integration helps improve the memory of lower performing students, and that the arts' potential to foster creativity is important in school settings.

text: Add information about her research

refinement: Mariale Hardiman is a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She used to work as a school principal, and she noticed that children seemed to recall information better when it was taught via the arts. She studies how arts education impacts children's memory for academic subjects. She performed an experiment which found that children taught material using the arts remembered more than children taught the same material without the arts, and that the difference was greatest among those who were less strong academically. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, using the metaphor of a three-legged stool (practical classes, cultural classes, and integrative classes) which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

answer: Highly acclaimed Dr. Hardiman studies the impact of science on education. Her impactful and game-changing studies with fifth-graders show that the incorporation of arts into students' learning has a distinct positive impact on how students absorb and retain their learning. Children who excel academically (top-performers) gained the advantage of incorporating arts into their studies, too.

text: This sentence should be reworded. It is the wrong tone and does not tell us she is a professor.

refinement: Mariale Hardiman is a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Education, where she directs the neuro-education initiative. She used to work as a school principal, and she noticed that children seemed to recall information better when it was taught via the arts. She studies how arts education impacts children's memory for academic subjects. She performed an experiment which found that children taught material using the arts remembered more than children taught the same material without the arts, and that the difference was greatest among those who were less strong academically. She recommends three "legs" for arts education, using the metaphor of a three-legged stool (practical classes, cultural classes, and integrative classes) which she feels can be implemented by both students and teachers, with great efficacy.

answer: Dr. Hardiman is a professor of neuroscience who has conducted studies on the relation between arts education and academic memory. The studies show that integrating arts into the teaching of other subjects helps improve learning outcomes in some students who are less academically able. The advantage is likely due to arts education's ability to provide structured opportunities for creativity.

text: She is a professor at John Hopkins

refinement: Dr. Hardiman is a professor of neuroscience at John Hopkins School of Education, who has conducted studies on the relation between arts education and academic memory. The studies show that integrating arts into the teaching of other subjects helps improve learning outcomes in some students who are less academically able. The advantage is likely due to arts education's ability to provide structured opportunities for creativity.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Dr. Sowden?

answer: Paul T. Sowden is a professor of psychology at the University of Winchester in England. He warns that in Britain and the United States, arts and humanities subjects have suffered in recent years as the emphasis has shifted to science and technology. He argues that it is important that arts educations be available to everyone, and that it helps build resilience and determination in children.

answer: Dr. Paul T. Sowden is a professor of psychology at the University of Winchester in England. He warned that in Britain, as in the United States, arts and humanities subjects have suffered in recent years as the emphasis shifted to science and technology. He thinks that arts education is really important for building resilience and determination in children. He thinks all students should have a chance to experience the arts.

answer: Dr. Sowden is a professor of psychology and believes that arts education can play important roles in how children learn, namely developing resilience and determination and helping children to master complex skills. His research confirms that arts integration helps children's memory for academic subjects, particularly among less able students.

text: He teaches at the University of Winchester in Britain

refinement: Dr. Sowden is a professor of psychology at the University of Winchester in England. He believes that arts education can play important roles in how children learn, especially developing resilience and determination and helping children to master complex skills. His research confirms that arts integration helps children's memory for academic subjects, particularly among less able students.

answer: Dr. Sowden is a professor of psychology who warns that arts education is important to help build resilience and determination in children and to help them master complex skills. His studies have shown that integrating arts into the curriculum helps children remember academic material better. Arts also encourages creative thinking and problem-solving.

text: He teaches at Winchester

refinement: Dr. Sowden is a professor of psychology at the University of Winchester in Britain who is concerned about the loss of art subjects to science and technology. He warns that arts education is important to help build resilience and determination in children and to help them master complex skills. His studies have shown that integrating arts into the curriculum helps children remember academic material better. Arts also encourages creative thinking and problem-solving.

answer: A psychologist from the University of Winchester in England, Dr. Paul T. Sowden, warns there has been a major shift in what's emphasised in schools, moving away from arts and humanities subjects. He thinks it's bad for children not to have access to arts education. He stated arts education teaches resilience, determination, and complex skills. Arts education encompasses many disciplines such as music, drama, dance, design, visual arts, and helps develop collaboration, creativity, and asking questions. Some of these educational parts and methods allow children to refine or polish a skill over time; and to revisit where they found an original area suited to them. The skills children master in arts education are transferable to other curricular areas.


split: train

text:
Bilal}}

BILAL (born 1983) is a Gypsy singer from Lebanon, who is notable for singing not only in Arabic, but mainly in Domari, his native language, that of the Doms, the nomadic community he belongs to.[1]

Background

BAN BELLA EL HANTIR, also known as BILAL, THE ARAB GIPSY PRINCE, comes from the Dom people, a Romany Middle Eastern ethnic group that Gadjos call the “Nawar” in Arabic. Like most nomadic Domi families, Bilal's clan constantly moves from one place to another throughout the Middle East. To earn their wage during their stops, grown up men play musical instruments and sing, and women dance and tell good fortune. As for young boys, they often work as shoeshiners in large cities such as Damascus, Beirut and Istanbul.[2]

Musical career

Bilal was a shoeshine boy when Greek-Lebanese producer Michel Elefteriades met him after he heard him singing an Arab Gipsy song while shining a customer's shoes on the sidewalk near his Beirut office. This was in 1997 and Bilal was only 14 years old. Elefteriades was immediately struck by his young voice and felt the artistic potential the young man had for future success. Moreover, being an eminent tziganologist,[3] he was eager to launch a successful career for an artist who comes from the Dom community and to reflect its impact positively on the image of Gypsies around the Arab world. As Bilal was illiterate and had never been to school, Elefteriades started and supported both his general and musical education, also providing him with the necessary skills and assets that would enable him to put up with the stress and responsibilities of future stardom.[4]

[Bilal performing on stage] In 2002, Bilal started performing in concerts and was guest to major Arab TV shows on the Middle East's prime satellite television networks. The peak of his success story was his appearance at one of the most prestigious performing arts festival in the Arab world, the Baalbeck International Festival. Bilal's recordings include, for the first time in history, songs in the gypsy language known as Domari, a language that Bilal has noticed to be very close to Romani, as he was able to communicate with his Rom cousins from Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, each speaking their own mother tongue.[5]

In 2012 Bilal was a guest on Coke Studio (Middle East) alongside Rouwaida Attieh and The Yugoslavian Gypsy Brass Band from the Balkan.[6]

They all come together to create a fusion where the Oriental Tarab music meets the Gypsy music with all its facets.[7]

In 2014 Bilal was featured in the book _“Beirut Re-Collected” by Tamyras._[8][9]

In the summer of 2014, Bilal released his first album entitled: _Bilal The Gipsy Prince_.[10]

In the summer of 2016, he performed at the MusicHallogy Festival, which was held at The MusicHall Waterfront.[11]

In July 2017, he appeared in another prestigious performing arts festival in the Arab world, The Jounieh International Festival.

Activism

[Bilal interacting with audience] [Bilal] In addition to being an artist, Bilal is also working actively for the recognition of his people, the Dom, who still live in poor conditions.[12] Results of his struggle are starting to show, as more people are realizing that the “Nawar” have a rich cultural heritage that deserves to be known and recognized.[13]

[1]

[2]

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

title: Bilal (Lebanese singer)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Michel Elefteriades?

answer: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer who traverses Beirut. He happened to be near Bahjat while the shoeshine boy was singing a song, and decided to see if this boy was talented or not. He consequently gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. He did this because he was "an eminent traderologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world.

text: "traderologist" wrong term used, replace with the correct word

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer who traverses Beirut. He happened to be near Bahjat while the shoeshine boy was singing a song, and decided to see if this boy was talented or not. He consequently gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. He did this because he was "an eminent tziganologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world.

text: No mention of Bahjat in the the article

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. Near his Beirut office, a shoeshine boy was singing a song, and decided to see if this boy was talented or not. He consequently gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. He did this because he was "an eminent tziganologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world.

text: Michel did not need to see if the Bilal had talent, hearing Bilal sing was enough for Michel.

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. Near his Beirut office, a shoeshine boy (Bilal) was singing a song. He gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. Michel did this because he was "an eminent tziganologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world.

text: Mention Michel's methodology

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. Near his Beirut office, a shoeshine boy (Bilal) was singing a song. He gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. Michel did this because he was "an eminent tziganologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world by launching the career of an artist from the Dom community.

text: Mention the date and Bilal's age.

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. In 1997, near his Beirut office, he heard 14 year old shoeshine boy Bilal was singing a song. He gave Bilal a formal education and helped launch his music career. Michel did this because he was "an eminent tziganologist" who wanted to positively impact the image of Gypsies in the Arab world by launching the career of an artist from the Dom community.

answer: In 1997, Greek-Lebanese producer Michel Elefteriades met Bilal, who was working as a shoeshine boy at the time. Elefteriades was struck by Bilal's voice and was eager to launch a successful career for an artist from the Dom community and thus show Gypsies in a positive light around the Arab world. Elefteriades ensured Bilal had a solid education and foundation of skills to handle future success.

text: Mention that Michel is an an eminent tziganologist

refinement: In 1997, Greek-Lebanese producer and an eminent tziganologist Michel Elefteriades met Bilal, who was working as a shoeshine boy at the time. Elefteriades was struck by Bilal's voice and was eager to launch a successful career for an artist from the Dom community and thus show Gypsies in a positive light around the Arab world. Elefteriades ensured Bilal had a solid education and foundation of skills to handle future success.

answer: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer who first heard Bilal singing an Arab Gipsy song while shining shoes and felt the artistic potential the young man had for future success. Elefteriades supported both Bilal's general and musical education, provided him with the skills and assets necessary for stardom, and worked actively for the recognition of his people, the Dom.

text: Mention that Michel is an eminent tziganologist

refinement: Eminent tziganologist Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer who first heard Bilal singing an Arab Gipsy song while shining shoes and felt the artistic potential the young man had for future success. Elefteriades supported both Bilal's general and musical education, provided him with the skills and assets necessary for stardom, and worked actively for the recognition of his people, the Dom.

text: Mention the year and Bilal's age.

refinement: In 1997, Greek-Lebanese producer and eminent tziganologist Michel Elefteriades heard a 14 year old Bilal singing an Arab Gipsy song while shining shoes and felt the artistic potential the young man had for future success. Elefteriades supported both Bilal's general and musical education, provided him with the skills and assets necessary for stardom, and worked actively for the recognition of his people, the Dom.

answer: The text describes Elefteriades as a Greek-Lebanese producer who first heard Bilal singing while he was shining shoes on the sidewalk. Elefteriades saw potential in Bilal and supported both his musical and educational development.

text: Mention the year, Bilal's age, Michel being an eminent tziganologist, Michel's methodology, the geographical location, and Michel's whole name.

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer who first heard Bilal singing while he was shining shoes on the sidewalk in Beirut back in 1997. Elefteriades saw potential in Bilal and supported both his musical and educational development. As an eminent tziganologist, Michel wanted to successfully launch an artist from the Dom community to positively raise the image of Gypsies in the Arab world.

answer: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. In 1997 he was interviewing potential talent at a café. After hearing Bilal sing, he was so impressed with the boy that he offered him a deal to be his record producer. Elefteriades launched his music career in 2014 with the release of his first album.

text: scenario is wrong, Michel was not doing interviews when he heard Bilal.

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer. In 1997 he heard Bilal singing while shining shoes on a sidewalk in Beirut. After hearing Bilal sing, he was so impressed with the boy that he offered him a deal to be his record producer. Elefteriades launched his music career in 2014 with the release of his first album.

text: Mention that Michel provided education aside from a music career, that he is an tziganologist, and what his methodology was.

refinement: Michel Elefteriades is a Greek-Lebanese producer and an eminent tziganologist who wanted to launch a successful career for an artist from the Dom community and thus show Gypsies in a positive light around the Arab world. In 1997 he heard Bilal singing while shining shoes on a sidewalk in Beirut. After hearing Bilal sing, he was so impressed with the boy that he offered to support Bilal's education and music career. Elefteriades launched his music career in 2014 with the release of his first album.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Domari?

answer: Domari is a gypsy language that is close to Romani. Bilal could communicate with his Rom cousins from Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia as he was able to speak Domari. Domari is a language that is still very close to Romani, which Bilal was able to speak. Domari was the language in Bilal's first release album.

answer: Domari is the native language of Bilal, a Gypsy singer from Lebanon. It is closely related to Romani, spoken by Bilal's Rom cousins from Romania and other parts of Eastern Europe. Bilal is actively working for the recognition of the Domi people.

answer: Domari is a language close to Romani that Bilal first used in 2002 after his education and career as a singer. Songs in Domari were recorded for the first time as part of Bilal's album in 2000. The Dom are a community of people that live in Southern Europe and North Africa.

answer: Domari is the language spoken by the Dom people, a Romany Middle Eastern ethnic group that Gadjos call the "Nawar" in Arabic. Bilal sings predominantly in Domari throughout his musical career, an accomplishment that had never been done before. Bilal is also working actively for the recognition of his people, the Dom, who still live in poor conditions.

answer: Domari is the language of the Doms, a nomadic Romany Middle Eastern ethnic group. Bilal has noticed that Domari is close to Romani. Domari is Bilal's native language, and he has recorded songs in it for the first time in history.


text:
DATIN JOSEPHINE WONG (born 1 January 1952) is a Chinese-Malaysian model as well as beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970. She represents her country at the 19th Miss Universe in the Miami, USA where she was placed as one of the Top 15 semi-finalists.

Miss Malaysia Universe 1970

The beauty contest Miss Perak 1970 was held on 5 April in Ipoh city, and it is accompanied by only 6 people. In this national competition, Josephine, 18 by that time, who represented Perak once again create success by winning the title of Miss Malaysia Universe 1970, beating 12 other participants from other states.[1]

Miss Universe 1970

Josephine came to represent Malaysia in international competitions, Miss Universe 1970 in the United States, where she has successfully reached the semi-finals, which is one and only Malaysia's best achievement till this time. Josephine was also named in the list of 'Best In Swimsuit' alongside 9 other international participants. She was also the winner of Expo Queen '70 which was held in Japan during the pageant-week of Miss Universe 1970 pageant.

Personal life

In 1975, Wong married Datuk G.C.A. In August 1984, they have a daughter Andrea Fonseka.

In 2004, Wong's daughter followed her footsteps and joined Miss Universe Malaysia 2004 and also won the title Miss Malaysia.

[1] http://pageantisland.com/josephine-lena-wong-datin-josephine-fonseka-miss-perak-1970-miss-malaysia-universe-1970-miss-universe-1970-semifinalist/

title: Josephine Lena Wong

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Datin Josephine Wong?

answer: A Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder.

text: Specify that Wong won Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

refinement: A Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder of Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

answer: She is a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder.

text: Specify that Wong won Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

refinement: She is a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder of Miss Malaysia Universe 1970..

answer: Datin Josephine Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

answer: A Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant title holder.

text: Specify that Wong won Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

refinement: A Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant title holder of Miss Malaysia Universe 1970 .

answer: Datin Josephine Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970 and represented her country at the Miss Universe competition in Miami. She is also the mother of Miss Malaysia Universe 2004 Andrea Fonseka.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was she crowned in 1970?

answer: Josephine Wong was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe in 1970.

answer: Miss Malaysia

text: The full title is of Miss Malaysia Universe, so that should be specified.

answer: Miss Malaysia Universe.

answer: Josephine Wong was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe.

answer: Miss Malaysia Universe.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where did she compete in the 19th Miss Universe (location)?

answer: In Miami, USA.

answer: Josephine competed in the 19th Miss Universe in Miami, USA.

answer: Miami.

answer: Josephine competed at the 19th Miss Universe in Miami, USA.

answer: Miami, Florida.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did Wong's daughter follow in her footsteps?

answer: Mrs. Wong's daughter Andrea Fonseka joined Miss Universe Malaysia in 2004 and won the title.

answer: She was crowned Miss Universe Malaysia in 2004.

answer: She joined Miss Universe Malaysia 2004 and was crowned Miss Malaysia.

answer: Wong's daughter joined Miss Universe Malaysia 2004 and also won the title Miss Malaysia.

answer: Wong's daughter won the title of Miss Malaysia in the Miss Universe Malaysia 2004 contest.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the career of Datin Josephine Wong, a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder. She placed as a Top 15 semi-finalist at the 19th Miss Universe and says she was the winner of Expo Queen '70.

text: "Says she was the winner" is a bit awkward and misleading because it could be assumed it's only a claim. The article states this as fact.

refinement: This article describes the career of Datin Josephine Wong, a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder. She placed as a Top 15 semi-finalist at the 19th Miss Universe and was the winner of Expo Queen '70.

text: It's omitted that Wong was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

refinement: This article describes the career of Datin Josephine Wong, a Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970. She placed as a Top 15 semi-finalist at the 19th Miss Universe and was the winner of Expo Queen '70.

answer: Josephine Lena Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe in 1970. During the Miss Universe pageant in the United States, she was one of the top 15 semi-finalists. Wong has a daughter who also competed in Miss Universe Malaysia 2004 and won the title.

text: This only asks for two sentences. The final sentence could be omitted.

refinement: Josephine Lena Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe in 1970. During the Miss Universe pageant in the United States, she was one of the top 15 semi-finalists.

answer: Josephine Lena Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe in 1970. At the Miss Universe pageant, she reached the top 15 semi-finalists. Wong went on to have a daughter, Andrea Fonseka, who herself went on to win the Miss Universe Malaysia title.

text: This only asks for two sentences. The final sentence could be omitted.

refinement: Josephine Lena Wong is a Chinese-Malaysian model who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe in 1970. At the Miss Universe pageant, she reached the top 15 semi-finalists.

answer: This article describes the modeling success of Datin Josephine Wong. She was formerly Miss Malaysia Universe. She and her daughter also competed in Miss Universe as it appears.

text: There needs to be some information that adds a timeline to the life of Wong. Adding something as simple as 1970 to Miss Malaysia Universe helps that.

refinement: This article describes the modeling success of Datin Josephine Wong. She was formerly Miss Malaysia Universe 1970. She and her daughter also competed in Miss Universe as it appears.

text: Wong's daughter didn't compete in Miss Universe, but Miss Universe Malaysia. Also, this sentence is unnecessary being that the question asks for only two sentences.

refinement: This article describes the modeling success of Datin Josephine Wong. She was formerly Miss Malaysia Universe 1970.

answer: Datin Josephine Lena Wong is a  Chinese-Malaysian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Malaysia Universe 1970. She went on to be in the 19th Miss Universe in the Miami, USA where she was placed as one of the Top 15 semi-finalists


text:
[]

On Mount Everest, a fistfight allegedly broke out near Camp Three, between climbers and Sherpas. This file photo shows the view from Camp Three at 24,000 feet on the mountain's Lhotse Face. COURTESY OF ALAN ARNETTE/AP HIDE CAPTION

TOGGLE CAPTION

 Courtesy of Alan Arnette/AP

[]

On Mount Everest, a fistfight allegedly broke out near Camp Three, between climbers and Sherpas. This file photo shows the view from Camp Three at 24,000 feet on the mountain's Lhotse Face.

 Courtesy of Alan Arnette/AP

Three climbers have halted their expedition on Mount Everest, after an argument with the Sherpas who were guiding them devolved into an alleged fistfight on the mountain.

The climbers say they were close to Camp Three, which is located at 24,500 feet, when 17 Sherpas accused them of kicking ice down onto them while the guides were working to set up ropes for the next part of the ascent. A dispute ensued, reportedly culminating in a crowd of 100 Sherpas confronting the climbers after they retreated to Camp Two.

At Camp Two, the climbers say, the Sherpas punched and kicked them, as well as throwing rocks and threatening to kill them if they did not leave the mountain.

The expedition included Italian Simone Moro and Swiss Ueli Steck; both of them have previously climbed Everest. British climber and photographer Jonathan Griffith was also in the group. In a statement posted on his website, Moro told his side of the story. It includes this version of events:

  "The Sherpas said that the reason they attacked the climbers was because they had knocked ice down on a Sherpa below. As it stands no Sherpa has come forward to show any injury. Furthermore on an ice face getting hit by chunks of ice is a very natural occurrence. The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him."

An American bystander who witnessed some of the events tells the Agence France-Presse, "The Sherpas told the team not to climb above them while they were fixing the ropes but they did it anyway. Then some ice fell and hit the Sherpas, which made them angry."

Of the alleged attack at Camp Two, the witness said, "It was terrifying to watch — they nearly got killed."

Police in Nepal are investigating the incident, which occurred Saturday. The Nepali Times calls it "the highest brawl in world history," as well as evidence of a culture clash.

The AFP says that a meeting between some of the climbers and the Nepalese guides may have cleared the air Monday.

"Both parties apologized to each other and ended the meeting amicably," Nepalese tourism official Surendra Sapkota told the AFP.

We first noticed the story at Outside magazine's site, which reminds us that early reports about incidents on Mount Everest "are often murky or incorrect when first filed."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did a fight break out between the Sherpas and the climbers?

answer: It is believed that a dispute erupted when the climbers allegedly kicked ice down onto the Sherpas while they were working to set up ropes for the next part of the ascent. A fistfight then took place at Camp Two, where the Sherpas allegedly punched and kicked the climbers, as well as throwing rocks and threatening to kill them if they did not leave the mountain. The reason for the fight is believed to have been due to a cultural clash.

answer: The Sherpas, located high up on the mountain, accused the climbers of ice being thrown down on them as they were fixing ropes near Camp Three.

answer: The argument flared up after the Sherpas accused the climbers of kicking ice down on them while they were working to set up ropes for the next part of the ascent.

answer: The climbers knocked some ice on the Sherpas.

answer: The climbers were moving unroped and faster to the side of the Sherpas, scaring them

text: The climbers are said to have kicked ice at the Sherpas.

refinement: The climbers were moving unroped and faster to the side of the Sherpas, scaring them. The climbers were also said to have kicked ice at the Sherpas.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did the Nepali Times call it?

answer: The "highest brawl in world history".

text: Police in Nepal are investigating the incident, which occurred Saturday. The Nepali Times calls it "the highest brawl in world history," as well as evidence of a culture clash.

answer: The biggest brawl in world history.

text: No, they called it the highest brawl, referencing the altitude at which the altercation took place.

refinement: They called it the highest brawl in world history.

answer: The Nepali Times called the incident "the highest brawl in world history."

text: Police in Nepal are investigating the incident, which occurred Saturday. The Nepali Times calls it "the highest brawl in world history," as well as evidence of a culture clash.

answer: The Nepali Times called it the highest brawl in world history.

text: Police in Nepal are investigating the incident, which occurred Saturday. The Nepali Times calls it "the highest brawl in world history," as well as evidence of a culture clash.

answer: Their article called it "the highest brawl in world history."

text: Police in Nepal are investigating the incident, which occurred Saturday. The Nepali Times calls it "the highest brawl in world history," as well as evidence of a culture clash.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did the climbers think the Sherpas attacked them?

answer: They thought they had damaged the Sherpa's pride by going on ahead.

text: The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him.

answer: The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him. The climbers think that the Sherpas attacked them because they dropped ice onto one of the Sherpas below, though no Sherpa has so far come forward to show evidence of injury.

text: The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him.

answer: The climbers believe that one of the Sherpa on their team became angry after ice apparently fell and hit the Sherpa below them. This incident prompted a physical altercation at Camp Two.

text: This is accurate, but the climbers maintain that the Sherpas' pride was hurt by their speed.

refinement: The climbers believe that one of the Sherpa on their team became angry after ice apparently fell and hit the Sherpa below them. They also believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him.

answer: The climbers believe that a rope fell, showering them with ice chunks, which is caused by natural events. They believe they were targeted by a lead Sherpa because they were faster ascenders.

text: The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him.

answer: According to them they have ascended way ahead of the Sherpas so they would not be in the way while they work. When a block of ice fell on the Sherpas the climbers apologized, but there was cursing as the Sherpas swore at them.

text: I think you should mention something about how the climbers blame the Sherpas' pride.

refinement: According to them they have ascended way ahead of the Sherpas so they would not be in the way while they work.  The climbers believe that the lead Sherpa was tired and cold and felt that his pride had been damaged as the three climbers were moving unroped and much faster to the side of him. When a block of ice fell on the Sherpas the climbers apologized, but there was cursing as the Sherpas swore at them.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did a witness say caused the Sherpa's behavior?

answer: That some ice had hit some Sherpas, which made them angry.

text: The climbers bore some responsibility.

refinement: Some of the climbers dislodged ice that had hit some Sherpas, which made them angry because according to them it was either intentional or the direct result of the climbers' not listening to the Sherpas.

answer: A Sherpa allegedly became angry after ice hit him while he was fixing ropes at Camp Three. According to one witness, the Sherpas then attacked the climbers at Camp Two, throwing rocks and threatening to kill them if they did not leave the mountain.

answer: According to this witness, the Sherpa's behavior was caused by ice hitting them accidentally while working on the mountain.

text: The climbers bore some responsibility.

refinement: According to this witness, the Sherpa's behavior was caused by ice hitting them  while working on the mountain. They maintain that the climbers either intentionally threw/kicked ice at them or the dislodged ice was the direct result of the climbers' unwillingness to follow the Sherpas' directions.

answer: The Sherpas became angry when ice fell from the climbers' path and hit one of the Sherpas below.

answer: They were angry with the climbers for disobeying a direct order and knocking ice onto them.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: The article recounts an incident where a crowd of about a hundred Sherpas attacked a group of climbers after the climbers knocked ice onto the Sherpas at Mount Everest. The dispute was caused because climbers ignored the Sherpas recommendation, although the climbers thought it was because they were better climbers than the Sherpas.

answer: A fight between some climbers and sherpas occurred on Mount Everest. It happened when the sherpas felt they were hit by ice from the climbers' actions.

answer: On Mount Everest, a fistfight broke out between climbers and Sherpas near Camp Three. Police are investigating the incident, which occurred as the climbers were accused of kicking ice down on the Sherpas. Both parties apologized to each other and ended the meeting amicably.

answer: The article gives details of an alleged fistfight between Sherpas and some climbers on Mount Everest. The article notes that the first reports about incidents on Mount Everest are often murky or incorrect.

text: There's a lot more detail available than this.

refinement: The article gives details of an alleged fistfight between Sherpas and some climbers on Mount Everest after the negligent climbers did not follow the Sherpas' instructions, causing ice to become dislodged and fall on the Sherpas, who are said to be angry because their pride is wounded.

answer: On Mount Everest, a fistfight allegedly broke out between climbers and Sherpas, near Camp Three. The argument reportedly began when ice reportedly fell and struck the Sherpas putting up ropes, leading to a confrontation at Camp Two. Witnesses say that punches and kicks were thrown on both sides and the fight almost turned deadly. The Sherpas and climbers have since met and mutually apologized.

text: This does not observe the two-sentence requirement.

refinement: On Mount Everest, a fistfight allegedly broke out between climbers and Sherpas, near Camp Three. The argument reportedly began when ice reportedly fell and struck the Sherpas putting up ropes, leading to a confrontation at Camp Two.

text: It misses the part about why the fight really broke out.

refinement: On Mount Everest, a fistfight allegedly broke out between climbers and Sherpas, near Camp Three. The argument reportedly began when ice reportedly fell and struck the Sherpas putting up ropes, leading to a confrontation at Camp Two because the Sherpas maintained the ice was kicked their way either on purpose or because the climbers did not follow their instructions, while the climbers maintain that the Sherpas' pride was wounded.


text:
Making the Most of Your Next Business Trip

Traveling for business is always a terrific opportunity for those of us that are able to it. As, one can take great pleasure in being paid to attend meetings, meet clients and forge friendships in a new city or country and then possibly have enough time left to visit some sights.

These tips below will help you get the most out of a business trip, regardless of whether it is your 1st or you already have hundreds logged.

As follows:

Pack Smart

[Young smiling man packing clothes into travel bag]

Start by choosing the right bag for your trip. If you are only going to be away for a few days then a smart holdall or carry on suitcase should be enough.

Only take essential items with you such as suitable business attire for meetings, casual clothing for downtime and minimal toiletries.  Decide upon what electronics you need: phone, laptop, tablet and e-reader.

Make a List

[Business woman hand working at a computer and writing on a noteped]

Even if you have done this before, there is always a chance that you could get distracted while packing and overlook something.

So, by making a list you will arrive at the airport calmer and not have to constantly check to see if you’ve got your passport when on the way.

Either write everything down or make a printable checklist that you can use for each trip. Some Key items to include are boarding passes, credit cards, foreign currency, passports and phone and laptop chargers.

Schedule Meetings Carefully

[Creativity, brainstorming, planning, teamwork meeting]

Make sure that you are rested, alert and ready for every meeting, whether formal or informal, by giving yourself time to relax in between.

There’s nothing worse than closing a meeting and then having to rush across town to another while constantly worrying if you will be on time.

By scheduling time to return to your hotel for an hour or sit down for lunch you give yourself a better chance to arrive energized.

Allow Time to Explore the Destination

[woman with suitcase in new york city]

While you will be mostly occupied by work-related events, do not miss the opportunity to be a tourist.

Research the destination before you depart to find out about any historic landmarks, galleries, museums and parks that you would like to see.

Check for any sporting events or concerts that might be taking place.

If you have the option, see if you can extend your trip over a weekend so you have more time to explore before heading home.

Also, accept the offer from colleagues/clients to go out for dinner and/or drinks. When going to bars and restaurants with locals you are more likely to discover hidden gems.

[young couple reviewing shopping receipt]

Whether your company is bankrolling the trip or you’re meeting with clients for your own business, make sure you keep track of your receipts for purchases while traveling.

It will make submitting a report to your company for travel reimbursement much easier.

If you are the Boss, you will be able to write off much of your work meals and travel on your taxes. Travel can drain resources, so the more you can use it to your advantage the better.

 Travel With a Partner when Possible

[Happy senior couple in Paris on vacation]

If it is an option then bring a friend or your loved one with you do it.

Many hotels charge more, or the same, for single occupancy rooms than doubles.

So what better way to use that extra space than by offering it to someone you like to be with. When you are at work, they can be out exploring the city and looking for interesting places for you to dine and drink.

For sure, you will be thankful of the company after a busy day and bringing them to social events can make interactions with your colleagues and clients easier.

Have a very pleasant and successful trip

__  better, business, clients, Company, dine, events, meetings, sights, travel, trip, work

The following two tabs change content below.

-   Bio
-   Latest Posts

[]

HEFFX has become one of Asia’s leading financial services companies with interests in Publishing, Private Equity, Capital Markets, Mining, Retail, Transport and Agriculture that span every continent of the world. Our clearing partners have unprecedented experience in Equities, Options, Forex and Commodities brokering, banking, physical metals dealing, floor brokering and trading.

[]

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the best way of reducing stress when traveling for work?

answer: Find an excuse of time to relax in between meetings.

text: Must include more details as stated in the text, such as packing smart, making a list of items to bring, scheduling meetings carefully, allowing time to explore the destination, going out to dinner o drinks with colleagues/clients, tracking spending, and traveling with a partner when possible. A rewrite is needed.

refinement: To reduce stress while traveling for work or business, it pays to be organized and prepared before making the trip. Packing smart means choosing the right sized bag for the trip. Making a list ensures that travelers bring everything they need and they won't have to worry about forgetting something. Scheduling meetings carefully make sure that travelers are rested and alert for every meeting, allowing them to relax in between. This also allows for an opportunity to relax and be a tourist. Accepting invitations from colleagues or clients is good so travelers can get to know the locals and discover hidden gems of the location they are in. Keeping track of receipts will also come in handy when the trip is over. Lastly, traveling with a friend or loved one is great so travelers can spend downtime with someone they like to be with and explore what the town or city has to offer.

answer: Traveling for business can be an enjoyable experience whether you are experienced at it or not. To get the most out of your trip without stress, there are a few things to look out for. First, choose the right bag for your trip. For example, your bag must not be too large or you would find yourself tired out after a few days of lugging it around airports and hotels. Also, try and sneak in some resting time between your meetings so you are always refreshed. Finally, try and visit local attractions. Accept offers from clients to go eating or drinking. That way you'll forge better business relationships and most likely have fun doing it.

answer:
Planning ahead and setting realistic goals for your time away is paramount to reduce stress of being away on a work trip. By making a list of required items you can reduce over packing, scheduling time for rest and relaxation to prepare for meetings and preparing a report for expenses and deductions for tax purposes.

The best way to reduce stress is by ensuring that you are well prepared and organized for your travel.

answer: Scheduling time for rest after bigger meetings so that you have time to relax and calm down between meetings.

answer: The best way to reduce stress when traveling for work is by packing smart, making a list, scheduling meetings carefully, allowing time to explore the destination, and keeping track of receipts. By doing so you will be able to enjoy your trip more by being prepared and also be able to maximize any opportunities that arise.


text:
Restaurant Open Again!

WE ARE DELIGHTED THAT CAFE EAST IS  OPEN AGAIN FOR BOTH RESTAURANT AND TAKEAWAY MEALS EVERY DAY EXCEPT TUESDAYS.

Our spacious restaurant is now open to customer, with simple social distancing measures in place.

We look forward to seeing you!

OPENING TIMES

[OPENING TIMES]

FOR TAKEAWAY, CALL 0207 252 1212 TO PLACE YOUR ORDER.

[FOR TAKEAWAY, CALL 0207 252 1212 TO PLACE YOUR ORDER.]

RESTAURANT AND TAKEAWAY NOW OPEN
EVERY DAY EXCEPT TUESDAYS

[]

Find Us

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the restaurant mentioned?

answer: Cafe East

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

refinement: Cafe East is the restaurant mentioned in the passage.

text: The article states that "Cafe East is open again."

answer: Cafe East is the restaurant mentioned.

text: The article states that "Cafe East is open again."

answer: The Cafe East

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

refinement: The Cafe East is the restaurant mentioned in the passage.

text: The article states that "Cafe East is open again."

answer: The restaurant mentioned is Cafe East.

text: The article states that "Cafe East is open again."

answer: The Cafe East.

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

refinement: The Cafe East is the restaurant mentioned in the passage.

text: The article states that "Cafe East is open again."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What day is Cafe East closed?

answer: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.

text: Cafe East is open again for "every day except Tuesdays."

answer: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.

text: Cafe East is open again for "every day except Tuesdays."

answer: Tuesdays.

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

text: Cafe East is open again for "every day except Tuesdays."

answer: Tuesday.

text: Cafe East is closed on all Tuesdays, not a specific Tuesday.

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

text: Cafe East is open again for "every day except Tuesdays."

answer: Tuesdays

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

text: Cafe East is open again for "every day except Tuesdays."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is Cafe East located?

answer: It is not mentioned where the cafe is.

text: Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: It is not clearly stated.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

refinement: Cafe East's location is not clearly stated.

text: Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: the text doesn't say

text: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

refinement: The text doesn't say the location of Cafe East.

text: Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: Cafe East is located in a spacious restaurant.

text: Cafe East is a spacious restaurant, it is not located in one. Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

refinement: Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

answer: Cafe East is located in a spacious restaurant.

text: Cafe East is a spacious restaurant, it is not located in one. Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

refinement: Cafe East's location is not mentioned in the passage.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How can you contact Cafe East?

answer: Cafe East can be contacted through the phone on 07207 252 1212.

text: The answer added an extra 7 in Cafe East's number.

refinement: Cafe East can be contacted through the phone on 0207 252 1212.

text: You can order takeaway from Cafe East by calling "0207 252 1212" and placing your order.

answer: You can call them at 0207 252 1212.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

refinement: You can call Cafe East at 0207 252 1212.

text: You can order takeaway from Cafe East by calling "0207 252 1212" and placing your order.

answer: You can contact Cafe East by calling 0207 252 1212.

text: You can order takeaway from Cafe East by calling "0207 252 1212" and placing your order.

answer: You can contact Cafe East by calling 0207 252 1212.

text: You can order takeaway from Cafe East by calling "0207 252 1212" and placing your order.

answer: You can call them to place your order at the listed number.

text: The answer could actually include the number that is listed.

refinement: You can call them to place your order at 0207 252 1212.

text: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.

refinement: You can call Cafe East to place your order at 0207 252 1212.

text: You can order takeaway from Cafe East by calling "0207 252 1212" and placing your order.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: A message on behalf of the Cafe East restaurant. They have had to close for a while and will reopen for takeaways and in the restaurant, without social distancing home measures. They want customer to stop by and look forward to seeing them.

text: Cafe East does have simple social distancing measures in place.

refinement: A message on behalf of the Cafe East restaurant. They have had to close for a while and will reopen for takeaways and in the restaurant, with simple social distancing measures. They want customer to stop by and look forward to seeing them.

text: Cafe East is open again for both in restaurant and takeaway.

text: Cafe East is looking forward to seeing customers again.

answer: Cafe East, a spacious restaurant with large communal tables, is open daily except for Tuesdays. The cafe has just implemented simple social distancing measures in place to ensure customers maintain a distance from each other. They're also opening for takeaways.

text: The passage mentions nothing about large communal tables.

refinement: Cafe East, a spacious restaurant, is open daily except for Tuesdays. The cafe has just implemented simple social distancing measures in place to ensure customers maintain a distance from each other. They're also opening for takeaways.

text: Cafe East is open again for both in restaurant and takeaway.

text: Cafe East has implemented simple social distancing measures.

text: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.

answer: Cafe East is now open again for both restaurant and takeaway meals. The spacious restaurant is now open to customers. Simple social distancing measure are in place in order to protect customers and staff. The cafe is open every day except Tuesday.

text: Cafe East is open again for both in restaurant and takeaway.

text: Cafe East has implemented simple social distancing measures.

text: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.

answer: This is an advertisement letting customers know that Cafe East is open again. The restaurant is open inside and for takeaway everyday except Tuesdays. The restaurant has provided a phone number to contact them.

text: Cafe East is open again for both in restaurant and takeaway.

text: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.

text: Cafe East can be contacted at 0207 252 1212.

answer: Cafe East is open again for both restaurant and takeaway meals. There are some social distancing measures in place to ensure safety, but otherwise the restaurant is open for business every day except Tuesday.

text: Cafe East is open again for both in restaurant and takeaway.

text: Cafe East has implemented simple social distancing measures.

text: Cafe East is closed on Tuesdays.


text:
TARGETED ALPHA-PARTICLE THERAPY (or TAT) is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity.[1] It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells. Targets include leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanoma, and peritoneal carcinomatosis.[2] As in diagnostic nuclear medicine, appropriate radionuclides can be chemically bound to a targeting biomolecule which carries the combined radiopharmaceutical to a specific treatment point.[3]

It has been said that “α-emitters are indispensable with regard to optimisation of strategies for tumour therapy”.[4]

Advantages of alpha emitters

[Comparison of range of α (red) and β− (white) particles] The primary advantage of alpha particle (α) emitters over other types of radioactive sources is their very high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE).[5] Beta particle (β) emitters such as yttrium-90 can travel considerable distances beyond the immediate tissue before depositing their energy, while alpha particles deposit their energy in 70–100 μm long tracks.[6]

Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.[7][8]

Production

Some α emitting isotopes such as ²²⁵Ac and ²¹³Bi are only available in limited quantities from ²²⁹Th decay, although cyclotron production is feasible.[9][10][11]

The ARRONAX cyclotron can produce ²¹¹At by irradiation of ²⁰⁹Bi.[12][13]

Applications

Though many α-emitters exist, useful isotopes would have a sufficient energy to cause damage to cancer cells, and a half-life that is long enough to provide a therapeutic dose without remaining long enough to damage healthy tissue.

Immunotherapy

Several radionuclides have been studied for use in immunotherapy. Though β-emitters are more popular, in part due to their availability, trials have taken place involving ²²⁵Ac, ²¹¹At, ²¹²Pb and ²¹³Bi.[14]

Peritoneal carcinomas

Treatment of peritoneal carcinomas has promising early results limited by availability of α-emitters compared to β-emitters.[15]

Bone metastases

²²³Ra was the first α-emitter approved by the FDA in the United States for treatment of bone metastases from prostate cancer, and is a recommended treatment in the UK by NICE.[16][17] In a phase III trial comparing ²²³Ra to a placebo, survival was significantly improved.[18]

Leukaemia

Early trials of ²²⁵Ac and ²¹³Bi have shown evidence of anti-tumour activity in Leukaemia patients.[19]

Melanomas

Phase I trials on melanomas have shown ²¹³Bi is effective in causing tumour regression.[20][21]

Solid tumours

The short path length of alpha particles in tissue, which makes them well suited to treatment of the above types of disease, is a negative when it comes to treatment of larger bodies of solid tumour by intravenous injection.[22][23] However, potential methods to solve this problem of delivery exist, such as direct intratumoral injection[24] and anti-angiogenic drugs.[25][26] Limited treatment experience of low grade malignant gliomas has shown possible efficacy.[27]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

title: Targeted alpha-particle therapy

question: What is targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) used for?

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy is used for the therapy of various cancers.

answer: TAT is used for the treatment of various cancers.

answer: TAT is used to treat various cancers.

answer: TAT is used to treat various cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanomas, and peritoneal carcinomatosis.

question: How does targeted alpha-particle therapy work?

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity.

text: It's omitted how alpha particles are one of several effective causes of cell death.

refinement: It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy uses radioactive substances that undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. This method is effective because alpha particles deposit their energy in short tracks, making them ideal for targeting microscopic tumour cells. Some commonly used alpha-emitters include ²²⁵Ac, ²¹³Bi, and ²¹²Pb.

text: It's more important and relevant to the question to mention that "Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks" than it is to say "Some commonly used alpha-emitters include ²²⁵Ac, ²¹³Bi, and ²¹²Pb".

refinement: Targeted alpha-particle therapy uses radioactive substances that undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. This method is effective because alpha particles deposit their energy in short tracks, making them ideal for targeting microscopic tumour cells. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay.

text: It's omitted how the alpha decay treats diseased tissue.

refinement: It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death  .

text: It's omitted how alpha particles are one of several effective causes of cell death.

refinement: It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

question: What are the advantages of targeted alpha-particle therapy?

answer: The primary advantage of alpha particle (α) emitters over other types of radioactive sources is their very high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

text: This omits the primary advantage of alpha emitters.

refinement: The primary advantage of alpha particles over other types of radioactive sources is their very high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Alpha particles are also more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: The primary advantage of alpha particle emitters over other types of radioactive sources is their very high linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy has a high linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness, making it well suited to destroying cancer cells. Additionally, alpha-emitters are more likely to cause double-strand breaks in DNA, which can lead to cell death.

question: What are the disadvantages of targeted alpha-particle therapy?

answer: The primary disadvantage of alpha particle emitters is their short range.

text: It's omitted how their short range is a disadvantage.

refinement: The primary disadvantage of alpha particle emitters is their short range, which is useful for many other diseases, but not with solid tumors.

text: It's omitted that alpha particle emitters have a limited availability.

refinement: The primary disadvantage of alpha particle emitters is their short range, which is useful for many other diseases, but not with solid tumors. They also have a limited availability.

answer: One potential disadvantage of targeted alpha-particle therapy is that it is less effective at treating larger masses of tumour tissue than other types of radiation therapy. Additionally, alpha-emitters are not as readily available as other types of radiation sources.

answer: It is not well suited to the treatment of larger bodies of solid tumors.

text: It's omitted that one of the disadvantages is that alpha-emitters have limited availability.

refinement: It is not well suited to the treatment of larger bodies of solid tumors, and alpha-emitters have limited availability.

answer: It has been said that "alpha-emitters are indispensable with regard to optimization of strategies for tumour therapy".

text: This answer is an advantage.

refinement: It is not well suited to the treatment of larger bodies of solid tumors due to its short range, and alpha-emitters have limited availability.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells. Targets include leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanoma, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. As in diagnostic nuclear medicine, appropriate radionuclides can be chemically bound to a targeting biomolecule which carries the combined radiopharmaceutical to a specific treatment point.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) is a form of targeted radionuclide therapy that uses alpha-emitting substances to treat cancer cells. It is particularly effective for treating microscopic tumours, and has been shown to be effective in treating leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanomas, and peritoneal carcinomas. However, it is less effective when used to treat larger solid tumours.

text: There are only three sentences. Include some advantages of the therapy.

refinement: Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) is a form of targeted radionuclide therapy that uses alpha-emitting substances to treat cancer cells. It is particularly effective for treating microscopic tumours, and has been shown to be effective in treating leukemias, lymphomas, gliomas, melanomas, and peritoneal carcinomas. However, it is less effective when used to treat larger solid tumours. It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, and the alpha-emitters have a very high linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells. Alpha particles are more likely than other types of radiation to cause double-strand breaks to DNA molecules, which is one of several effective causes of cell death.

answer: Targeted alpha-particle therapy, an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy,  is used to treat various cancers. It has very high linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. Alpha particles deposit their energy in 70–100 μm long tracks. It is well suited to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomas, bone metastases from prostate cancer, leukemia, and melanomas.

text: It's more important to state that the treatment "has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment" than it is to say " Alpha particles deposit their energy in 70–100 μm long tracks".

refinement: Targeted alpha-particle therapy, an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy, is used to treat various cancers. It has very high linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells. It is well suited to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomas, bone metastases from prostate cancer, leukemia, and melanomas.


text:
 Monday, 7:00 am
The past couple of days have felt slightly... off. Although, I can't explain exactly what it feels like on paper. The best analogy I can possibly generate: everything just feels slightly tinted. The kind of tint that needs to be washed away. But how could this happen? I tried retracing steps countless times; yet nothing jumps out at me. It's the same as it's always been. I wake up at exactly 6:30 and let the alarm ring itself 10 times. I then walk over to the bathroom, making sure that I don't take any more or less than 10 steps to get there.

 I know, it seems strange so far but it's really not that bad. Afterwards, I take the towel off of the shower rod, unfold it; then refold it again and set it back on the shower rod. I routinely proceed to slide the shower curtain to the left, I then step into the shower, and slide the curtain back over to the right making sure to spread it out equally so that no water can escape. Now, I think this might be where everything went wrong. I pulled the shower handle outwards to turn the water on; then turned it all the way to the left. Except there was one thing that didn't fit the puzzle. What could it be though? I've been sitting here trying to figure it out for over 10 minutes now, I still can't put my finger on what it is. Anyways, it's almost 7:30 now; I should probably leave to go to work.

Monday, 5:30 pm

It all makes sense to me now, how could I have been so blind before? While I was walking my way to work; making sure to fit exactly 2 steps in every concrete square on the sidewalk, the solution had finally presented itself to me. It was that damned shower. I had forgotten to make sure that I turned the handle to the left until it clicked. I guess I must have just imagined that I turned it all the way. That makes perfect sense, and it also explains why the water had felt less scalding than it usually does. I'm such an idiot sometimes.
Well, I suppose there's no need for me to write about this anymore. I'm just glad that I can at last wash the tint away.

Tuesday, 7:00 am

No, this cannot be happening to me. The tint is still here. To make matters worse, I think the tint is darker than it was to start with. Maybe I'm just exaggerating, I don't even know what to do anymore. There isn't anything else that could have gone wrong besides the shower, I'm absolutely sure of it. After the shower, the only other part of the routine worth considering is getting dressed. For most people, choosing the right outfit for the day seems to be the hardest part of the morning. For me, it's the least methodical thing I do. Same black dress pants and blue dress shirt every single day. Oh, and of course the pen. I don't know if it's really worth mentioning, but before I walk out of the door I make sure to grab the pen off of the kitchen counter. I have an office job, so it comes in handy. I click it in and back out three times then put it on my dress shirt's chest pocket before leaving to go to work.

No, It's no use, none of those small routines could have been messed up. I'm now more scared than I've ever been before, and I can't help but think: what happens when the tint gets even darker?
I need to pull myself together, it's almost 7:30 now; I should probably leave to go to work.

Tuesday, 3:30 pm

My boss fired me today. He claims that I'm "Completely psychotic." It's strange, I don't know what made me drive the pen into his throat, but I'm so glad that I did. The smile has yet to leave my face. I can hardly believe it, I feel the tint starting to fade away.

P.S. To whomever finds this short journal, don't mind the blood on this last page.

I couldn't find any other pen to write with.

title: Tint

question: Summarize the narrator's Monday morning.

answer: The narrator wakes up at 7am, goes through their morning routine, and then goes to work. Throughout the day, they feel like everything is tinted, but they are not sure why. On Tuesday, they are fired from their job and then kill their boss, finally feeling like the tint is starting to fade away.

text: The question only asks about the events of Monday morning.

refinement: The narrator wakes up at 7am, goes through their morning routine, and then goes to work. Everything in their vision is tinted.

answer: The narrator wakes up at 6:30 and goes to the bathroom. He takes 10 steps to get there. He takes the towel off the shower rod, folds it, and sets it back on the rod. He slides the shower curtain to the left and steps into the shower. He slides the curtain back to the right and spreads it out so no water can escape. He turns the shower on and turns the handle all the way to the left. He grabs a pen from the kitchen counter and leaves for work.

text: The narrator does not mention grabbing the pen off the kitchen counter on Monday.

refinement: The narrator wakes up at 6:30 and goes to the bathroom. He takes 10 steps to get there. He takes the towel off the shower rod, folds it, and sets it back on the rod. He slides the shower curtain to the left and steps into the shower. He slides the curtain back to the right and spreads it out so no water can escape. He turns the shower on and turns the handle all the way to the left. He grabs a pen from the kitchen counter and leaves for work.

text: The answer does not mention that the narrator has a tint in their vision.

refinement: The narrator wakes up at 6:30 and goes to the bathroom. He takes 10 steps to get there. He takes the towel off the shower rod, folds it, and sets it back on the rod. He slides the shower curtain to the left and steps into the shower. He slides the curtain back to the right and spreads it out so no water can escape. He turns the shower on and turns the handle all the way to the left. He grabs a pen from the kitchen counter and leaves for work. The narrator has a tint in their vision that doesn't go away.

answer: The narrator wakes up at 6:30, walks to the bathroom, and takes a shower.

text: The answer should include the fact that the narrator feels as everything is tinted.

refinement: The narrator wakes up at 6:30, walks to the bathroom, and takes a shower. They notice a tint in their vision.

answer: The narrator wakes up around 6:30 and then walks to the bathroom making sure it doesn't take more than 10 steps. He then takes the towel off the shower rod, folds it, and places it back again. He then shifts the shower curtain from the left to the right and takes a shower. By 7:30 he leaves for work.

text: The answer should include the fact that the narrator feels as everything is tinted.

refinement: The narrator wakes up around 6:30 and then walks to the bathroom making sure it doesn't take more than 10 steps. He then takes the towel off the shower rod, folds it, and places it back again. He then shifts the shower curtain from the left to the right and takes a shower. By 7:30 he leaves for work. They notice a tint in their vision.

question: What doesn't feel right about his Monday morning?

answer: After he pulls the shower handle outwards to turn the water on, he turns the handle all the way to the left. Something there didn't feel right. The narrator sat in the shower for 10 minutes trying to figure out what went wrong but could not figure.

text: The narrator mentions that everything seems tinted.

refinement: After he pulls the shower handle outwards to turn the water on, he turns the handle all the way to the left. Something there didn't feel right. The narrator sat in the shower for 10 minutes trying to figure out what went wrong but could not figure. The narrator feels as though everything is tinted.

text: There is no answer.

answer: The narrator feels like everything is slightly tinted, as if something is off. He can't figure out what it is, but it seems to be related to the shower. When he finally realizes that he forgot to turn the shower handle all the way to the left, he is fired from his job. The tint starts to fade away when he kills his boss.

text: There are plot points in this answer that occur on Tuesday.

refinement: The narrator feels like everything is slightly tinted, as if something is off. He can't figure out what it is, but it seems to be related to the shower.

answer: He can't figure out what went wrong.

text: The answer should include that the narrator feels as though everything has a tint.

refinement: The narrator sees a tint in their vision.

question: Does the narrator realize what went wrong during the shower on Monday?

answer: From the passage, it seems that the narrator has finally realized that the problem with the shower was that the handle was turned to the left instead of the right. This is why the water felt less scalding than usual, and why the tint was present.

text: This answer is incorrect, because the narrator still sees the tint on Tuesday after making the shower water hotter.

refinement: It does not appear that the narrator figures out what is wrong on Monday.

text: There is no answer.

refinement: It does not appear that the narrator figures out what is wrong on Monday.

answer: Yes, the narrator realizes that he forgot to turn the shower handle to the left until it clicked.

text: This answer is incorrect, as the narrator encounters the same problem on Tuesday even after adjusting the shower water temperature.

refinement: It does not appear that the narrator figures out what is wrong on Monday.

answer: While walking to work on Tuesday, the narrator realizes what he had forgotten. It struck him that he hadn't turned the shower handle all the way to the left until it clicked.

text: This answer is incorrect, as the narrator encounters the same problem on Tuesday even after adjusting the shower water temperature.

refinement: It does not appear that the narrator figures out what is wrong on Monday.

question: Does the narrator's tint go?

answer: No, it gets darker.

answer: No, the following day his tint gets worse, or so he believes.

text: No answer.

answer: No, the narrator's tint does not go. In fact, it seems to be getting worse. The narrator is eventually fired from their job, and seems to be happy about it.

text: The third sentence is unnecessary.

refinement: No, the narrator's tint does not go. In fact, it seems to be getting worse.

question: Write a ~6 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator's life is tinted, but they cannot figure out why. They go through their morning routine, but eventually realize that the tint is due to forgetting to turn the shower handle to the left. They are fired from their job, and finally the tint begins to fade away.

text: The answer should include that the narrator stabs their boss in the neck with a pen.

refinement: The narrator's life is tinted, but they cannot figure out why. They go through their morning routine, but eventually realize that the tint is due to forgetting to turn the shower handle to the left. They are fired from their job after stabbing their boss in the throat with a pen, and finally the tint begins to fade away.

answer: The narrator wakes up at 6:30 and goes through a routine of showering, getting dressed, and going to work. He feels like something is off, but can't figure out what. He goes to work, but his boss fires him because he's "completely psychotic." He's glad he stabbed his boss with a pen. He feels the tint fading away.

answer: The protagonist wakes up at 6:30am and goes through a routine of showering, dressing, and eating breakfast. The protagonist's routine is interrupted when they realize that the water in the shower is tinted. They go to work and are fired for being "psychotic." They smile and drive the pen into their boss's throat. The tint starts to fade away.

answer:
The narrator wakes up on Monday with a tint. He follows his usual morning routine but he feels like he has forgotten something. In the evening he realizes that he forgot to turn his shower handle all the way to the left till it clicked.

The next he wakes up with the tint again and goes to work. At work, his boss fires him claiming that he is "completely psychotic". The narrator had driven his pen into his boss's throat.