text:
I miss the wind. Its gentle caress upon your skin, the way it billows through your hair like a silken comb, encompassing and soft like a lover's embrace. It is a calming breeze, one that allows you to put things in perspective, and return to an objective point of view.

Goddamned civilization.

The wind is gone now, the pure wind at least, replaced by the stale pollution of the city's leavings, the only breeze generated by the sheer amount of movement that happens on a regular basis. Humanity is too ignorant to see the forest for the trees, aware only of their own little bubble of reality, many refusing to accept the possibility of the unknown, as it would shatter their perceptions and rattle their "perfect" world.

Alas, I find myself on a tangent yet again. This happens quite a bit. It is a good thing I am not talking to myself.

Yes, that's right. I've known you were here.

About the last ten minutes.

Because had I simply wished to stop your espionage, you would have been quite dead by now.

Even immortals can die, Mr. Randolph.

Put down the gun, it will do you absolutely no good at this range. That calibur is only effective if you put enough distance between us to allow for a clean shot. Fired point blank, it would be fairly ineffective at causing any lethal damage.

I grow tired of this conversation. Allow me to get back on track.

You are here because of your master. He wants to know about Project K16M9.

Oh, you were not included in that conversation, were you? Please, exit those pointless shadows, come sit down.

Sit.

SIT.

Very good. Now, your master and I have-

You prefer employer. How quaint. You like to believe you have a choice in your dealings with him. I shall leave you to your delusions for now.

Calm yourself, it is irrelevant at this point. Listen carefully. Your...employer...and I have been in a partnership for...well, longer than you have been here, I assure you. You see, I remember when his organization was but a fledgling group, being staked out for destruction by those who would not benefit from it. Their stock plummeted each time your employer's team grew.

Yes, I am using vague terms. Subtlety is important when you are on candid camera.

Sit down, you are too paranoid. I own this building, and the camera in my office feeds to a recorder only I know the location of. Besides, there are far worse things to worry about with me than being seen by others. I just like using metaphors.

May I continue my tale, or would you like to inject something into the story?

I thought so.

The business grew, and as it did, so shrank those too weak or too stupid to escape the power of corporate earnings. Have you ever heard of natural selection, Mr. Randolph? It states that only the strong survive, the weak and incompetent are left to die and be eaten by those stronger and smarter than they are. Interesting theory. One that worked for quite some time.

Unfortunately, there came a time when stupidity rose up in large numbers and overthrew the balance.

Soon, the weak and the ignorant had banded together within organizations, led by overzealous leaders who took advantage of their herd mentality in order to manipulate them into doing their bidding. Brilliant in its simplicity. Relate to the flock on their level, make them feel important, make them feel drawn and led by something, and their sheer numbers will blot out the sun.

Then the takeover began.

Your employer's numbers dwindled as these groups took the hatchet - quite literally - to each of his employees, one by one. They then began to burn his profits, usually at the stake. Before long, other companies were targeted who were considered salacious, or evil. Stocks plummeted as the product was recalled. Before long, they almost went out of business.

Here, you look tense by this tale. Have some warm milk, it will ease your nerves.

Ah, I see. You prefer other things. No matter, you shouldn't feel hunger for at least another hour, long enough to relay the information.

This is where I came in. Your employer turned to me, knowing my battle strategy for good business and my track record for accomplishing the impossible through my vast networking skills, requesting my expertise in the matter. His payment was to be tendered in full once I had finished the deal.

I set to work, sending several contacts into the rival companies, the flocks of ignorance, slowly using them as splinter cell agents to topple their hierarchy. At the same time, i've kept several of my own men and women within your employer's company, measuring your market trends, keeping an eye on fiscal results, and responsible for procurement and acquisition of goods. This allowed-

Interrupt me one more time, and I shall have an excuse to put up a beautiful cremation urn that would just look tacky had it not a purpose. If anyone asks, you will have been a very close cousin. May I finish now?

Stop shaking, it doesn't befit an assassin.

This allowed me to filter all data back into my hands, from which I could finally work my magic, if you'll excuse the term. Before long, my contacts held a prominent position of power in the corporation of ignorance and weakness. Product hemorrhaged out of the company, and into your employer's. The irony of that is simply delicious. Nonetheless, before long a trade network was set up, and the two had an unofficial partnership, one that is covered within the non-disclosure agreements, or pacts as we once called them.

Now, the companies are speaking of a merger, one that will allow the sheep to live normal lives and careers, and in return, sales for your employer will never take a downturn. Moreover, my contacts have also risen to power in your employer's company, as well.

The deal has been completed. Payment is now due in full.

No, not money, you fool. Why would you believe a person such as myself has any need for material things? No, the deal was a gain for information. You see, I am a very curious person. I research, gather data, keep informed on anything and everything. I am rather traveled, you understand. As such, I now have a new source of information, and a new network from which to gather said information. One that is much stealthier than a human contact, one which doesn't require sleep, and eats only when necessary. One who lives quite a bit longer.

Go back to your master. Tell him Project K16M9 is complete.

Tell him I shall now take my payment.

Congratulations, Mr. Randolph.

You both work for ME now.

title: Strictly A Business Matter

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the narrator's relationship with Mr. Randolph?

answer: The narrator is clearly above Mr. Randolph. The narrator also seems to believe Mr. Randolph's aim of sneaking into the narrator's private office is coming undone. The fact that the narrator was fully aware of Mr. Randolph stalking them shows their higher intelligence. Furthermore, the narrator's ability to utterly control the conversation through its witty statements is another facet of their power. It also seems like Mr. Randolph believes the narrator is someone of some power.

text: The answer should mention that at the end of the story the narrator declares that Mr. Randolph works for him now.

refinement: The narrator is clearly above Mr. Randolph. The narrator also seems to believe Mr. Randolph's aim of sneaking into the narrator's private office is coming undone. The fact that the narrator was fully aware of Mr. Randolph stalking them shows their higher intelligence. Furthermore, the narrator's ability to utterly control the conversation through its witty statements is another facet of their power. It also seems like Mr. Randolph believes the narrator is someone of some power. At the end of the story, the narrator declares that Mr. Randolph now works for him.

text: The threats should also be mentioned.

refinement: The narrator is clearly above Mr. Randolph. The narrator also seems to believe Mr. Randolph's aim of sneaking into the narrator's private office is coming undone. The fact that the narrator was fully aware of Mr. Randolph stalking them shows their higher intelligence. Furthermore, the narrator's ability to utterly control the conversation through its witty statements is another facet of their power. The narrator also threatens Mr. Randolph for interrupting him. It also seems like Mr. Randolph believes the narrator is someone of some power. At the end of the story, the narrator declares that Mr. Randolph now works for him.

answer: The narrator works for Mr. Randolph and has the upper hand since he knew Mr. Randolph was spying on him. He gently confronts Mr. Randolph, telling him he knew he was there, lurking in the shadows. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph to put down his gun as it's useless at that range, and they move to a different area. The narrator says Mr. Randolph is there because his employer sent him. The narrator says they too have a mentor, they partner in a partnership, and their exchange will be in full once the project is complete.

answer: Mr. Randolph is an assassin that has been spying on the narrator for the past ten minutes. Mr. Randolph's employer is in the networker business. Mr. Randolph is sent by his employer to ask the narrator about Project K16M9. The narrator sends Mr. Randolph back to his employer and once the mysterious narrator reveals himself, he claims to have a new source of information in the form of Mr. Randolph and his employer, whose company he now controls.

answer: The narrator works for Mr. Randolph and has the upper hand since they knew Mr. Randolph was spying on him. He gently confronts Mr. Randolph, telling him he knew he was there, lurking in the shadows. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph to put down his gun as it's useless at that range, and they move to a different area. The narrator says Mr. Randolph is there because Mr. Randolph's mentor sent him. The narrator says they too have a mentor, they partner in a partnership, and their exchange will be in full once the project is complete.

answer: The narrator is in control of the conversation.

answer: Mr. Randolph is an assassin that has been spying on the narrator for the past ten minutes. Mr. Randolph's employer is in the networker business. Mr. Randolph is sent by his employer to ask the narrator about Project K16M9. The narrator sends Mr. Randolph back to his employer and both of them now work for the narrator.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about what happened when Mr. Randolph visited his employer?

answer: No answer

answer: Mr. Randolph visited his employer after he was assigned a mission to discover the details of Project K16M9. When Mr. Randolph had discovered that his employer was sitting with someone, he began to spied on him. His employer, thinking him to be spying, began communicating with him and Mr. Randolph, aware that he has been heard, put down his gun. His employer then started telling him about Project K16M9 and the business he had been cooperating with the narrator. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph that he had been in a partnership with his employer before, that was his employer was staked to be for destruction. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph that he's the one who had orchestrated the partnership and that the deal has been completed. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph to relay the word back to his employer, and in return, he will now take payment from both Mr. Randolph and his employer.

text: The story does not answer this

answer: Randolph is an assassin. He was sent by his employer who wanted to know about Project K16M9. Leonard extracts details about Project K16M9 in the conversatntion. Randolph seems to know the place already. Leonard explains there's been a takeover by other enemies of his employer and another company. He then explains the company merger plans and their partners. He also threatens to sabbotage his operation if he isn't transferred under Leonard.

answer: Mr. Randolph visited his employer after he was assigned a mission to discover the details of Project K16M9. When Mr. Randolph had discovered that his employer was sitting with someone, he began to spied on him. His employer, thinking him a possible potential spy, began communicating with him and Mr. Randolph, aware that he has been heard, put down his gun. His employer then started telling him about Project K16M9 and the business he had been cooperating with the narrator. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph that he had been in a partnership with his employer before, that was his employer was staked to be for destruction. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph that he's the one who had orchestrated the partnership and that the deal has been completed. The narrator tells Mr. Randolph to relay the word back to his employer, and in return, he will now take payment from both Mr. Randolph and his employer.

answer: Randolph is an assassin. He was sent by his employer who wanted to know about Project K16M9. Leonard extracts details about Project K16M9 in the conversatntion. Randolph seems to know the place already. He shoots with a gun, but Leonard isn't impressed and he ends up saying that he is actually Leonard because he knew he was being watched. Leonard explains there's been a takeover by other enemies of his employer and another company. He then explains the company merger plans and their partners. He also threatens to sabbotage his operation if he isn't transferred under Leonard.


split: train

text:
     The darkness engulfed my room as if I had suddenly gone blind for no reason. It was calm, and quiet. Nothing but the sound of the fan cooling me from the opposite end of the room. The fan was soothing for some reason. Like a glass of warm milk after a nightmare. It calmed me, and the cool breeze from its blades made it easier to sleep. I had a long day ahead of me tomorrow. The last day of school was finally in my grasp, and I was more excited than ever for summer. I had fallen asleep almost instantly.
     I usually never dreamt but tonight was different. I found the dream to take me to an airplane cockpit. There was a pilot and a man in a jumpsuit standing next to it. "Ready to jump?" the man shouted as he opened the plane door. A gust of wind flooded into the cockpit. "Remember, pull the blue chord, then the red chord!" he shouted at me. I nodded with an understanding of what to do. "Ready, JUMP!" the man shouted as he leaped out of the plane. I hesitated looking at the long drop below me. I took a deep breath and closed my eyes; I jumped.
       The wind pounded against my face as if someone had placed a jet engine in front of me. It stung my skin as it pounded against my mouth, nose, and eyes. It was horrific and terrifying.
     The man was no where to be seen. I panicked and decided to pull my parachute. I pulled the blue chord; nothing. I pulled the red chord; nothing. My parachute hadn't deployed. I began to freak out; my parachuted hadn't deployed and I was falling at around a hundred miles per hour towards solid ground. I was going to die. I frantically began looking over my jumpsuit for something that could possibly break my fall and save my life. A backup parachute perhaps. I remembered in lots of movies that the one who's parachute didn't deploy always had a backup parachute. I scoured my jumpsuit for something of such nature. I spotted a small handle with the inscription "emergency" on it. This had to be it. I frantically pulled it and a small parachute burst put of my suit. I was saved for the moment, but my trouble was not over. The chords that connected me to the parachute began to snap and break off. The parachute quickly disattached itself from my suit and flew away. I was falling again, and I was going to die for real this time. I looked down; the ground drew closer and closer by the second. I closed my eyes and prayed. When I opened them the ground was unimaginably close. Then everything went dark.
     "Wake up, you can't fall asleep on your last day of school," a voice said. I looked up to see Mr. Manson; my math teacher. I was in math class, drooling on my desk; oblivious to the world around me. I was at school; I was safe. I breathed a sigh of relief and sat up. It was time to learn and not sleep.
     The school intercom sounded; "Lockdown, I repeat this is not a drill, lockdown now!" Mr. Manson rushed everyone to get under their desks while he went under his. "Open up!" a strange voice shouted from outside the door. No one moved a muscle. The door then burst open with a cloud of smoke and fire. My ears were ringing so loud I could not hear anything. The man was shooting a machine gun into the room. I threw myself onto the ground in an attempt to save my life. The firing stopped as did the ringing in my ears. The man left the room. Cautiously I creeped from off the floor and looked around. "Hello?" I said with caution. There was no answer. I had stepped out of one nightmare and into another.
     Usually in a dream one could have control of the actions around them as if they were like a god, but this was no dream, this was a nightmare, and in nightmares, you're powerless. You can't even control your breathing. In this nightmare that man with the gun was the god of my subconscious. He decided who I was and what I did until he decided when the nightmare should be over. I had to find a way out.
     I frantically looked around the room for something to defend myself with. A pair of scissors or a small knife. I scoured the room. When I looked in the teacher's desk I found a gem: A 9mm pistol. I grabbed the pistol and looked outside the classroom door. The coast was clear. I ran for the next room; pistol ready.
     Everyone in the next few rooms were dead. Was I the only one left? Was I going to die here? Is the world like "A Nightmare on Elm Street" where if you die in your dreams you die for real? I prayed it wasn't. I continued down the stairs.
     Down the stairs was the man. He had just shot the janitor and a student. I had never met either of them, but my pity for them grew. I raised my gun to shoot the man. I cocked the gun. I began to sweat uncontrollably. I was about to kill another human being. I was about to take another person's life. I had to, it would set me free from this awful nightmare forever. I turned the safety off and pulled the trigger. 'Click;' nothing had happened. I began to panic. What if the man had heard the click? Was he going to turn around and shoot me instead? I prayed that was not the answer; it was. The man snapped around and pulled the trigger.
     I jolted awake covered in sweat and panting from the terrible nightmare. It was still dark in my room. I could only hear and feel the cold breeze from the fan on the opposite end of the room. I glanced at the clock which read one-thirty in the morning. I had five and a half hours until I had to go to school. Sleep alluded me for the time. I had just plugged in my headphones and watched the sun rise. Today was the last day of school, and I prayed the dream hadn't come true.

title: Nightmare (first real story; advice appreciated)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the negative events of this story.

answer: The story's narrator is having a nightmare.  They are in a plane's cockpit and a man is launching them out of it. The narrator says they are falling towards the ground.  The narrator spots an emergency handle, but nothing comes of it. They then spot a parachute and pull the chords, nothing happens, and it is lost.  The narrator lands on the ground and looks up just in time to see the gunman shoot and kills both the janitor and a student. The narrator holds a gun on the man but it clicks and nothing happens. The man then pulls the trigger and the narrator jolts awake.

text: Clarify the boundary between the two dreams

refinement: The story's narrator is having a nightmare.  They are in a plane's cockpit and a man is launching them out of it. The narrator says they are falling towards the ground.  The narrator spots an emergency handle, but nothing comes of it. They then spot a parachute and pull the chords, nothing happens, and it is lost.  The narrator lands on the ground and wakes in another dream in which their school is attacked by a shooter. The narrator witnesses the gunman shoot and kill both the janitor and a student. The narrator holds a gun on the man but it clicks and nothing happens. The man then pulls the trigger and the narrator jolts awake.

answer: The narrator finds himself dreaming of falling out of an airplane. It is clear he has done this before. He pulls his parachute chord and it doesn't open, so he pulls the backup. They also come loose, then get tangled up in the plane so he is left to die. Because they do not deploy, the strings snap and break off completely, and he is left dangling above solid ground.

text: Inaccurate description of the narrator's death in the first dream

refinement: The narrator finds himself dreaming of falling out of an airplane. It is clear he has done this before. He pulls his parachute chord and it doesn't open, so he pulls the backup. They also come loose. The narrator hits the ground and wakes up in another dream.

text: Cover the second dream

refinement: The narrator finds himself dreaming of falling out of an airplane. It is clear he has done this before. He pulls his parachute chord and it doesn't open, so he pulls the backup. They also come loose. The narrator hits the ground and wakes up in another dream. The narrator is at school when a shooter starts shooting. The narrator finds a pistol and tries to stop the shooter, but the gun only clicks, and the shooter shoots the narrator, causing them to wake up.

answer: In the dream, the narrator falls out of a plane, their parachute parachute fails to deploy and they survive by deploying an emergency chute. Once they hit the ground, they painfully freak out and try to pull himself away from the ground. After pulling himself up, the noises around him cease and he notices that everyone in the math class in have been fatally shot down by a man in a jumpsuit with a machine gun. The narrator looks for a weapon to defend himself as well as look for other survivors, but this plan comes to no avail after their loaded pistol misfires and their opponent does the same.

answer: The narrator falls out of a plane and is caught by their emergency chute. Once they hit the ground, they painfully freak out and try to pull himself away from the ground. After pulling himself up, the noises around him cease and he notices that everyone in the math class in have been fatally shot down by a man in a jumpsuit with a machine gun. The narrator looks for a weapon to defend himself as well as look for other survivors, but this plan comes to no avail after their loaded pistol misfires and their opponent does the same.

answer: The story's narrator is having a nightmare.  They are in a plane's cockpit and a man is launching them out of it. The narrator says they are falling towards the ground.  The narrator spots an emergency handle, but nothing comes of it. They then spot a parachute and pull the chords, nothing happens, and it is lost.  The narrator lands on the ground and looks up just in time to see the gunman shoot, killing both the janitor and a student. The narrator holds a gun on the man but it clicks and nothing happens. The man then pulls the trigger and the narrator jolts awake.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the climax of the story.

answer: When the narrator wakes to the sound of a machine gun being fired at his classmates, he runs into a student and the janitor riddled with bullets, raising the gun and pulling the trigger. He then wakes screaming, but the man shoots first.

text: It's very unclear what is happening

refinement: When the narrator wakes to the sound of a machine gun being fired at his classmates, they sees a student and the janitor riddled with bullets. They raise the pistol and pulling the trigger, but the gun clicks and the shooter shoots the narrator. He then wakes screaming.

answer: In the fantasy, the narrator (instead of pulling the blue and red chords, they pull a single handle on the parachute) is then frantically looking for something to break his fall. The parachute then disattached. He is then falling, and there is nothing to stop his fall. The man in the jumpsuit tells him to wake up.

text: Incorrect response

text: Provide a response

refinement: The narrator raises the gun to shoot the shooter, but the gun clicks and doesn't fire. The shooter turns and shoots the narrator, causing them to wake up.

answer: Mr Manson's class is put on lockdown. They cannot hear the commotion outside and are afraid to look out of the windows. The door is burst open and smoke fills the room. The narrator has a gun and goes to shoot the man to get free, but the safety is on, so the gun would not fire. The narrator hits the gun against another part of his body and fires. The bullet hits the man and he is dead. It is the narrator's nightmare and there is no way to escape.

answer: Mr Manson's class is put on lockdown. They cannot hear the commotion outside and are afraid to look out of the windows. The door is burst open and smoke fills the room. Screams are heard as the man begins to shoot them. The narrator shoots the monster, but it does not wake up. It is the man's nightmare and there is no way to escape.

answer: The narrator has been asleep and dreaming and is shot at by the gunman. They realize that their gun won't shoot. They raise and fire their gun. The narrator wakes in a panic from their nightmare to realize that it is still dark in the room and this is the last day of school.   The final lines of the story are, "I had just plugged in my headphones and watched the sun rise" implying that the narrator doesn't know if the dream came true.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Explain the social commentary in this passage.

answer: The dream is a nightmare warning the author of a tragedy expected at school the next day.

text: There is no social commentary in this story

answer: One of the major themes of Nightmare is the problem of school shootings and the elevated sense of enduring high scare levels as a result. When the main character goes to sleep in their own home for the first time in 9 years, a school shooting occurs, which consequently throws the school into lock-down, heightening the issue of security. Most noticeable in the story, it becomes abundantly clear that the character can either hide from the nightmare because she is at school, or suffer through the nightmare and emerge alive on the other side. It's a decision we are all constantly forced to make in rat race of dealing with both the real and imaginary worlds.

answer:
There is warning born out of wisdom.
The author teaches us to beware, there could be an occasion when we might need an emergency parachute. Technology may be there to help us, but at times, survival depends on us and us alone.

answer: The narrator finds a gun in their school and inevitably reaches for it in their nightmare.

answer: The narrator finds a gun in their school and inevitably reaches for it in their nightmare, but they are ultimately doomed because it is only a dream.

answer: School shootings has been a prevalent issue in the United States throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. This is highlighted in the story when the main character hears the intercom announce a lock down, and joins the rest of the class as they hide under their desks. However, it's not just the main character who's afraid of a school shooting; the school has installed metal detectors at the entrance and only teachers are allowed to keep their weapons in their classrooms. If a student is caught sneaking a gun into school, they're jailed.


text:
The PORTLAND THIRTEENTH AVENUE HISTORIC DISTRICT is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.[1]

It included 20 contributing buildings, including work by architect William C. Knighton.[2]

Two buildings in the district were designed by architect William C. Knighton.[3]

File:Armour and Company building, Portland, OR.JPG|Armour and Company building File:Chown Pella in NW Portland, OR.JPG|Chown Pella File:Filson, NW 13th Avenue, Portland, OR.JPG|Filson

[1]

[2]  with

[3]

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District?

answer: a historic district in Portland, Oregon, US

answer: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a historic district that includes 20 contributing buildings, including work by architect William C. Knighton. Two buildings in the district were designed by Knighton.

answer: A historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

answer: it is a historic district

answer: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a historic district in Portland, Oregon which includes 20 contributing buildings, including work by architect William C. Knighton. Two buildings in the district were designed by architect William C. Knighton.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many buildings are in the Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District?

answer: 20

answer: The district included 20 buildings in 1987.

answer: 20

answer: The district consists of 20 contributing buildings.

answer: 20

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When was the Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District added to the National Register of Historic Places?

answer: 1987

answer: The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

answer: 1987

answer: 1987

answer: 1987

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who was William C. Knighton?

answer: William C. Knighton was an architect. Two buildings in the district were designed by him.

answer: Architect.

answer: William C. Knighton was an architect. Two buildings in the district were designed by him.

answer: At the time of the article, Knighton was a working architect.

answer: an architect

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

answer: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a collection of buildings which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

answer: The PORTLAND THIRTEENTH AVENUE HISTORIC DISTRICT in Portland, Oregon consists of 20 contributing buildings, including work by architect William C. Knighton. Two of the buildings were designed by Knighton.

answer: This article is about the Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District, a historic district which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

answer: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a historic district in Portland, OR that includes 20 contributing buildings. Two of them were designed by architect William C. Knighton.

text: The "or" in the response needs to be omitted.

refinement: The Portland Thirteenth Avenue Historic District is a historic district in Portland, that includes 20 contributing buildings. Two of them were designed by architect William C. Knighton.


text:
New South Wales is the latest Australian state to hear calls for sharks to be culled, in response to a spate of fatal and non-fatal incidents.

NSW Premier Mike Baird has implemented a new surveillance program, while resisting calls for a cull on the basis that it doesn’t work.

Put simply, there is no scientific support for the concept that culling sharks in a particular area will lead to a decrease in shark attacks and increase ocean safety.

Western Australia tried culling sharks with baited drum lines last year. The tactic did not improve the safety of swimmers, surfers or divers – one of the reasons why scientists actively opposed the cull. A similar long-standing policy in Queensland has shown little evidence of effectiveness.

Born survivors

Sharks have inhabited this planet for more than 400 million years, and have survived five mass extinctions. Earth is now entering its sixth – this time caused by humans – and sharks are at the pointy end, with 90% of the species already considered threatened.

It is not just an issue on NSW’s surf breaks. Humanity’s growing demand for protein has put substantial pressure on oceanic systems, and industrial fishing techniques have have reduced predatory fish populations to less than 10% of their historic numbers. Sharks are especially vulnerable because of their low reproductive rates, slow growth and delayed rates of maturity.

The Indo-Australasian region is recognised as a hot-spot for global shark biodiversity, and in in this region Australia trumps all, with more than 36% of all known shark species living in Australian waters.

What’s more, sharks play a pivotal role within the ecosystems they inhabit. As apex predators, they maintain community structure and biodiversity by regulating predator and prey abundance. Even light fishing pressure such as species-target line fisheries can cause dramatic declines in populations of large coastal sharks. Meanwhile, indirect fishing via shark meshing programs can catch a range of targeted and non-targeted species of sharks.

[]
Blanket measures don’t tend to work well as a rule. AAP Image/Dave Hunt

What would a cull do to sharks and ecosystems?

Shark culling is best thought of as an indiscriminate method of removing sharks from our coastal ecosystems. The WA and Queensland culls have led to the capture and death of many non-targeted sharks. We also know that many shark species do not cope with capture well – a recent Australian study found that 100% of hammerheads caught by line fishing will die of stress within an hour of capture.

Similarly, spinner and dusky sharks have very low survival rates within the first few hours of being hooked, and sharks that are hooked and subsequently released do not necessarily survive.

Hooking in the gut is very common. New South Wales’ flagship threatened aquatic species, the greynurse shark, will most probably die over time if hooked in the gut and then released. Stainless steel hooks do not rust out but become encapsulated in the tissue over time, causing starvation, wasting of the body (known as cachexia), and eventual death.

If we remove sharks as top predators from the ecosystem, the effects will filter down to animals lower down the food chain and cause unexpected changes to ecosystems. We are already seeing such changes in areas where sharks are overfished.

Declines in the number of blacktip sharks in North Carolina in the late 1970s and 1980s caused an increase in the relative abundance of cownose rays and a corresponding decrease in scallops over the ensuing decades. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are typified by a complexity of players in the food chain, and removing such macropredators will result in decreasing ecosystem resilience.

What can we do instead of culling?

Indiscriminately culling sharks is dangerous to marine ecosystems, not to mention expensive and futile. We would be far better off allocating resources to achieving a greater understanding of the ecology and behaviour of these large predators. We can increase knowledge of why and where sharks are likely to attack humans by tagging sharks and following their movements over time, or through genetic studies that can assess effective population sizes.

Current aerial surveys are unlikely to be a successful strategy, however. Scientific analysis has already discredited aerial programs in NSW. Aerial surveys have only a 12.5% success rate in spotting a coastal shark from a fixed-wing aircraft, and a 17.1% success rate in helicopters. As surveys are only done for a few hours per week, and pass over a particular beach in minutes, these patrols can give the public a false sense of security.

Other non-invasive methods of mitigation are currently being developed, including the use of erratic walls of bubbles to deter sharks, and the development of wetsuits and surfboards that sharks are less likely to mistake as prey.

But ultimately, we also need to take personal responsibility, and reduce the likelihood of an attack by not swimming at dawn and dusk, not entering the water at the mouth of estuaries with poor visibility, or in areas of baitfish. After all, even sharks can make mistakes.

question: How long have sharks inhabited Earth?

answer: Sharks have existed on Earth for more than 400 million years.

answer: Sharks have inhabited Earth for more than 400 million years.

answer: Over 400 million years

answer: Sharks have inhabited Earth for more than 400 million years.

question: Where does this article pertain to?

answer: New South Wales, Australia

answer: This article pertains to the dangers of culling sharks and the importance of understanding sharks' behaviour and ecology in order to reduce the likelihood of shark attacks.

text: WHERE does this article pertain to

answer: New South Wales, Australia

answer:
A. The United States

B. Australia

C. The United Kingdom

D. The United Arab Emirates

text: Must give one answer and be specific

question: What is culling?

answer: Culling is the indiscriminate removal of sharks from coastal ecosystems.

answer: Culling is the indiscriminate removal of sharks from coastal ecosystems.

answer: Culling is the indiscriminate killing of sharks in order to reduce the number of shark attacks. However, scientists argue that culling is ineffective and can have negative impacts on marine ecosystems.

answer: An indiscriminate method of removing sharks from coastal ecosystems.

question: How do scientists feel about culling?

answer: They are against it.

answer: They believe there is no scientific support for any benefits to culling.

answer: Scientists are against culling sharks because it is dangerous to marine ecosystems, not to mention expensive and futile.

answer: According to the passage, scientists do not support culling sharks as a means of reducing shark attacks, as they believe that it is ineffective and could have negative consequences for marine ecosystems.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: New South Wales, Australia is considering culling to curb the amount of sharks in the area. The shark population has been significantly decreasing due to overfishing and other human-induced measures. The Indo-Australasian area has a significant amount of sharks. Many people disagree with the use of culling for sharks because they are such a vulnerable population. Non-invasive methods are currently in development.

answer: There is no scientific evidence that culling sharks will make the ocean safer, and in fact it can have negative impacts on the ecosystem. Instead, scientists suggest that we should focus on better understanding sharks and their behaviour, and on developing non-lethal methods of deterrence.

answer:
The NSW Premier Mike Baird has implemented a new surveillance program, while resisting calls for a cull on the basis that it doesn't work. The Premier says that there is no scientific support for the concept that culling sharks in a particular area will lead to a decrease in shark attacks and increase ocean safety.

Sharks have inhabited this planet for more than 400 million years, and have survived five mass extinctions. Humanity's growing demand for protein has put substantial pressure on oceanic systems, and industrial fishing techniques have reduced predatory fish populations to less than 10% of their historic numbers.

Sharks play a pivotal role within the ecosystems they inhabit. As apex predators, they maintain community structure and biodiversity by regulating predator and prey abundance.

answer: Sharks have been around for 400 million years and have survived five mass extinctions. They are currently threatened by humans, who have reduced their populations to less than 10% of their historic numbers. Sharks play a pivotal role in the ecosystems they inhabit, and removing them as top predators can have unexpected effects on ecosystems.


text:
VALENTIN ILIEVSKI[1] (born 16 October 1968) is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina[2][3] and 38th and current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo since December 2016, taking charge of the club from his predecessor Edis Kusturica.[4]

[1] Održana vanredna sjednica Skupštine, Valentin Ilievski izabran za Predsjednika Skupštine

[2] Otkrivamo ko je Valentin Ilievski? Biznismen na čelu FK Sarajevo

[3] Messer BH Gas – Management Team

[4] Vanredna sjednica / Valentin Ilievski novi predsjednik Skupštine FK Sarajevo

title: Valentin Ilievski

question: Who is Valentin Ilievski?

answer: Valentin Ilievski is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 38th and current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: He is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegvovina.

text: He is also the president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

refinement: He is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegvovina and current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: Valentin Ilievski is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer and businessman who is currently the general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: He is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 38th and current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

question: Illieveski is the current president of what?

answer: The assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: The current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: According to the passage, Illieveski is the current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

text: The Ilievski is incorrectly spelled

refinement: According to the passage, Ilieveski is the current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

text: The first phrase adds no value

refinement: Ilieveski is the current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

answer: He is the current president of the assembly of FK Sarajeveo.

question: Who was Illieveski's predecessor?

answer: Edis Kusturica

answer: Edis Kusturica

answer: Edis Kusturica.

answer: According to the passage, Edis Kusturica was the previous president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

text: unnecessary first phrase

refinement: Edis Kusturica was the previous president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.

question: When was Ilievski born?

answer: He was born on October 16, 1968.

answer: October 16, 1968

answer: Valentin Ilievski was born on October 16, 1968.

answer: According to the passage, Ilievski was born on October 16th, 1968.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Valentin Ilievski is the general director of Messer Group's subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the new president of FK Sarajevo's assembly.

answer: This article describes the career accomplishments of Valentin Ilievski.

answer: This article is about Valentin Ilievski, a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, and general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

answer: Valentin Ilievski is a Macedonian-German mechanical engineer, businessman, general director of the Messer Group subsidiary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 38th and current president of the assembly of FK Sarajevo.


text:
**Lake Town**

I stumble through the woods. I have gone days without eating, living off of the drops of dew that cling to the plants each morning. I trip over fallen tree after fallen tree, but still I pick myself up and keep walking, not knowing why I haven’t died yet, why I haven’t fallen and been unable to pick myself up. Each day I pray that I will find civilization. Each day I am disappointed.

I trip once again and let out what is either a sob or a hollow laugh. To think that I used to be a great leader. I used to have everything I could have ever asked for, all ruined because of that stupid war. The people in charge of the world went insane, murdering countless and ravaging many cities, including my own. Because of it I am now fated to stumble through the trees forever. I force myself up and promise to myself that I will be powerful again. I walk on for another 3 hours, then see something through the gaps in the trees. Could it be? I feel adrenaline course through me and I walks faster. It is. I did it. A house stands before me; it is in terrible condition, but it’s a house, and I can see more houses further on, and people walking around. I try to speak but no words come out only a strange gasp, and a woman hears me and screams and people start running about, and I fall to my knees as a man comes up to help me up but my knees have stopped working. The man is saying something to me, but everything is already going dark.

I remember waking up from time to time; the man is always there giving me soup or water, but I awaken for the final time on a cot in a tent. There is a different woman with a gun standing near me, staring at me suspiciously.
“What happened?” I manage to cough out.
“You collapsed outside our town.” The woman says. “You gave us a real fright, stumbling in like that. We thought you were one of the Ravagers.”
For the next hour the woman tells me all about how Lake Town had been there for a century or two, and how the only reason they survived was because people tended to avoid it; everyone thought it was cursed because the mayors keep dying each year.
“How do they die?” I ask.
“We don’t know.” The woman admits. “One day they’ll be there, the next day they’re gone.”

For the next few months I live peacefully in the town. I earn my keep by helping out with tasks such as farming, and I once tried to fish at the nearby lake for which Lake Town was named but could not catch a single fish. When I asked the mayor about it he just said;
“There’s no point in trying to fish there, even the most skilled fisherman has tried. We think that there must be some trash in it or something that is killing all the fish.”
So I continue farming, but I remember my promise out in the woods to regain my empire, and I begin to crave more power. I become very good friends with the mayor and get promoted to builder, then chief raider, then finally up to what the people called the “advisor”, who is the most powerful person in town other than the mayor himself. For a month I am happy, but I still want more power. I go down to the lake to think about what I should do. I go there often because of how peaceful it is away from the other townsfolk; I can’t hear or see anything from the town at all. I sit on the dock and stare at the water.
“How beautiful it is.” I say to myself. “So still, it’s like a mirror.” I stop. That gives me an idea. If no one can see in the lake, you could hide anything under the surface.
Anything.
I feel a smirk forming on my face and prepare my plan. I invite the mayor to come for a picnic at the lake, then knock him out with one of the cinder blocks from the town, and drag the him to the docks where I tie the block around his leg. Once I’m done, the mayor starts to wake up. A look of realization hits his face, our gazes lock and his lips form a scream but it’s too late, and the lake swallows him without a trace.
I feel guilt stab at my stomach but I push it away. I had just committed a perfect crime; no one saw or heard me, no one will find the body under the lake’s mirror-like surface, and no one will suspect me because they will all think it was the curse that whisked the mayor away.

I become the new mayor, and I live happily with the power that I have longed for for nearly seven months. Half of a year passes, and a new man wanders into Lake Town and collapses. At first everyone is suspicious of him, unsure if he can be trusted or if he is perhaps one of the Ravagers. But once he regains all his strength he proves himself by working hard as a farmer, and I can see a future for a hard worker like him higher up in the chain. I decide to promote the new man to builder, then chief raider, then finally advisor, and we become good friends. One day the new advisor excitedly told me he had caught a fish in the lake. I am shocked and ask him to show me where, so we rush to the lake and hop into a small wooden boat to row out to the middle.
“Where did you catch it?” I ask him again.
“Right over here.” The advisor points to a spot in the lake, so I lean over to look when I feel a sharp sting on the back of my head, and everything goes dark.

I awaken with my head hurting and everything looking fuzzy, but I think I can see the advisor sitting next to my leg. I try to move but is restrained by what looks like rope, and I can feel something heavy being tied to my leg.
A cinder block.
My blood runs cold as I realizes what is happening. The advisor and I lock gazes, and my lips start to form a scream, but it is too late, and the boat tips and cold water engulfs me. I panic and start thrashing about in the water, but I soon give up and let out a sob as the cinder block rests on the sand bottom. A current sways me back and forth as I slowly run out of air, and I feel something touch my leg. I look over to see algae with a skeleton trapped inside, some torn flesh and part of an eye still clinging to his bones, gently swaying along side me with a piece of algae touching my leg from time to time. I scream, causing me to swallow more water, and I look the other way hoping I will die without that horrible image in my mind. Instead I am greeted with more skeletons, each one looking more disgusting than the next. There are a about a hundred of them. And all of them have rope around their ankle.
All of them are tied to cinder blocks.

Thank you for reading! This is my first short story so I appreciate feedback. I want my writing to grow, so tell me what you liked/disliked and what you think would have made the story better!

title: Lake Town - (Thriller)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did the narrator's rescuers initially mistake them for?

answer: A raider.

answer: The rescuers initially thought the narrator was a member of a murderous tribe called the Ravagers.

answer: They thought he was one of the Ravager's.

answer: One of the Ravagers

answer: The narrator's rescuers initially mistook them for being one of the ravagers due to their sudden appearance and thin appearance.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What's the name of the town where the narrator stays for a couple months to recuperate?

answer: Lake Town

answer: Lake Town.

answer: Lake Town

answer: Lake Town.

answer: Lake Town.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What job does the narrator get?

answer:
The narrator gets promoted from living off the land in the woods to a fisherman in the town where he works.

He eventually becomes The Advisor, who is the second in charge in the town's infrastructure.

answer: Mayor

answer: The narrator becomes the new mayor of Lake Town and later the advisor.

answer: The narrator gets promoted to builder, then to chief raider, then finally to the title of "advisor."

answer: The narrator becomes the new mayor and is able to commit a crime and dispose of the mayor.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why does the advisor take the narrator to the lake?

answer: The narrator states it was for a picnic.

text: It was revealed to be that the intention had been to kill the narrator.

refinement: The narrator states it was for a picnic, but later it is revealed that the advisor intended to kill the narrator.

answer: The advisor takes the narrator to the lake to kill him.

answer: Initially, to go fishing, but the narrator discovers the advisor has vengeance on the brain.

text: I added the type of vengeance.

refinement: Initially, to go fishing, but the narrator discovers the advisor has vengeance on the brain when the advisor's intent to kill the narrator becomes evident.

answer: The advisor takes the narrator to the lake in order to murder him. The advisor was jealous of the narrator ascending higher and higher in the chain while the advisor remained stagnant.

answer: The advisor sees the narrator dead and ties him with a cinder block to the boat and throws him in the lake. He sees a skeleton with a piece of algae on it. He wants to see more, and he does. He is disgusted by it so he looks the other way. Then he sees another thousand skeletons, and he feels the rope around his ankle.

text: The question doesn't ask for a description of the whole scene.

refinement: The advisor has taken the narrator there to kill him.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Lake Town is a place shrouded in mystery. Dealing with a curse that seems to kill the mayors each year, its people are constantly wary and on edge. The main character eventually gains power for themselves, and finally succeeds in killing the current mayor. This is met with tragic consequences as the main character becomes trapped, with the new advisor tying him to a cinder block before the lake swallows them both. The main character sees countless skeletons tied to their own cinder blocks in the middle of the lake.

text: I took out the details in the end and added the part about the narrator's death.

refinement: Lake Town is a place shrouded in mystery, dealing with a curse that seems to kill the mayors each year, keeping its people  on edge. The main character is a mysterious person who came from the woods, but who eventually gains power for themselves, and finally succeeds in killing the current mayor to take over. One day the advisor offers to take them fishing, but the narrator soon discovers the advisor's intent to kill him as he knocks out the narrator and tosses the narrator overboard with cinder blocks weighing down his feet.

answer: The protagonist is once a great leader who ruled people until one day they collapse in the woods. They are taken to a city called "Lake Town" where they live as a nobody and work on the houses in the town. Eventually, the character becomes the advisor to the current Mayor, but when no one else is around he fishes the Mayor out into the water tied to a cinder block. The same thing happens to the narrator and they drown.

text: It's narrator, not protagonist. Also, I changed it to "they go fishing" because he "fishes the mayor out into the water" does not make sense.

refinement: The narrator is once a great leader who ruled people until one day they collapse in the woods. They are taken to a city called "Lake Town" where they live as a nobody and work on the houses in the town. Eventually, the character becomes the advisor to the current Mayor, but when no one else is around he takes the narrator under the premise of fishing, but instead assaults and drowns the mayor by weighing his body with cinder blocks tied to his ankles.

answer: In this thriller, Lake Town is plagued by a deadly curse. When the town's most powerful people start mysteriously dying, one resident uses her powers to rise to power and kills the mayor. But when she tries to kill the new advisor who catches a fish in the lake, she realizes that the fish are being killed by cinder blocks tied to the leg of every deceased mayor. As she is about to drown herself, she sees the deceased mayors' remains, all tied to cinder blocks and trapped below the lake's surface. She screams, unable to cope with the sight of so many dead people.

text: The pronouns are wrong; the syntax is confusing; there is no agency assigned to any other character. Also the narrator is there as a sort of refugee or escapee at first-they came from the woods, and were a mess, indicating they had some sort of sordid past.

refinement: In this thriller, Lake Town is plagued by a deadly curse- which a newcomer finds after they arrive, dirty and unkempt,from the woods. They gain power slowly through different jobs, and then one day they take the mayor fishing, where they kill him by knocking him out then tying cinder blocks to his ankles and dropping him off the boat. Unfortunately for his killer-now the new mayor-an advisor also takes them out to fish and proceeds to attack and,presumably, murder them in the very same way.

answer: The narrator wakes up injured on the outskirts of Lake Town, not knowing where they are or who their rescuers are. Nursed back to health by a woman with a gun and some man, the narrator successfully keeps the narrator's secret-they've killed someone-and works on the farm in exchange for room and board. Eventually, the narrator becomes the mayor of Lake Town. One of their advisors takes them to the lake, where the advisor claims to have caught a fish. However, the advisor's intentions seem to be nefarious, as they try to kill the narrator.

answer: The story is about a man who fell into Lake Town. After the man collapsed from exhaustion, the people of Lake Town revived him. The man becomes the mayor of Lake Town when the previous mayor disappeared. The new mayor kills the previous mayor and everybody else who tried to fish in the near-by lake. One of the men he murdered captures him in the end and drowns him.

text: It's not one of the men they murdered who kills them.

refinement: The story is about a dirty, unkempt newcomer to Lake Town. After the man collapsed from exhaustion, the people of Lake Town revived him. The man becomes the mayor of Lake Town when the previous mayor disappeared. The new mayor had killed the previous mayor and everybody else who tried to fish in the near-by lake. One of the newcomer mayor's advisors takes him in the end and drowns him.


text:
Nanjing, China (CNN) — "This would be a rich person's residence today," says Zhou Hong-ling, a 22-year-old recent college graduate from Hubui province.

"It's beautiful."

Hong-ling, visiting Nanjing to learn more about the history she studied in high school, is admiring the private quarters of Sun Yat-sen, the first president of the Republic of China and a key player in the toppling of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

It's a fitting time to visit.

November 12, 2016 was the 150th anniversary of Sun's birth.

Widely recognized as the father of the nation, his beautiful rooms are just one of many intriguing displays inside the Nanjing Presidential Palace, a 120,000-square-meter museum of modern history made up of buildings and sculpted landscapes.

Diverse architectural styles

The palace, which dates back over 600 years, showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital.

Inside, Western-influenced Republican-era architecture seamlessly rolls into the gilded designs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era and the gardens and pavilions of China's Imperial eras.

Some of the main attractions are packed with visitors, like the Qing-style atrium, which was built in 1870.

A beautiful 600-meter space, it leads to hallways, courtyards and the Western-style quarters used by the Republic of China's Nationalist government (1925-1948).

There are more secluded corners deep inside the palace.

Quads, paved strips, pavilions and scenic waterways offer visitors areas to rest and quietly experience the former rulers' habitat.

Former residents include China's 'Heavenly King'

Serene as it appears now, the palace has experienced its share of tumult and reconstruction.

The front gate was destroyed by rebels during the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-1800s, then restored during the Republican years in 1929.

The palace was later occupied by the People's Liberation Army in 1949. It housed provincial office units until 2000.

Its overall modest atmosphere is in striking contrast to the extravagance of Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) leader Hong Xiuquan's quarters, where gilded temples and dragon themes abound.

The self-dubbed "Heavenly King" liked to read and spent a lot of time in his study, which was reconstructed in 2003, a tour guide explains.

Meeting rooms for Chinese and foreign leaders, private offices for figures such as Republican political leader Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen's nap room have all been preserved and restored for the public to view.

'1912'

Outside the gates of the Presidential Palace, vendors sell pins bearing the white sun of the Republic of China flag -- a rare public embrace for the country's former symbol, which today appears on the flag of Taiwan.

The surrounding neighborhood next to the palace also adds a curious flavor to the city.

Called 1912 -- the year the Republic of China was established -- this commercial and nightlife district aims to emulate Shanghai's Xintiandi or Hong Kong's Lan Kwai Fong zones.

Major foreign chains like Starbucks and KFC have set up shop in historic, brick Republican-era buildings.

Korean barbecue and pseudo-Italian restaurants advertising pizza and pasta share another building.

There are also a number of nightclubs with dizzying light displays on their façades.

Some Chinese restaurants hang a large portrait of Sun at the entrance -- another reminder that the historic figure is a proud face of the area.

Getting there

Nanjing Presidential Palace is located at 292 Changjiang Road in the Xuanwu District of Nanjing. Nanjing, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, is less than two hours by train from Shanghai.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the Nanjing Presidential Palace?

answer: The Nanjing Presidential Palace was built in 1291, four centuries before the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era. The collection of buildings and sculptureed landscape showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital. 36 years after the Taiping war (1850-1864), Hong Xiuquan's quarters were made; he was known to read and spend a lot of time in his own study. Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen both worked from the palace. A local Chinese village incorporates 1907 and 1912 into its name to reflect that the two qausetions became the new names of their buildings and neighborhoods.

text: According to the article, the palace dates back over 600 years and the gilded designs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era is used inside the palace. Change the first sentence of the response to include facts contained in the article.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace was built over 600 years ago and incorporates designs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era. The collection of buildings and sculptureed landscape showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital. 36 years after the Taiping war (1850-1864), Hong Xiuquan's quarters were made; he was known to read and spend a lot of time in his own study. Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen both worked from the palace. A local Chinese village incorporates 1907 and 1912 into its name to reflect that the two qausetions became the new names of their buildings and neighborhoods.

text: Correct spelling mistake: 'sculptured'.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace was built over 600 years ago and incorporates designs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era. The collection of buildings and sculptured landscape showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital. 36 years after the Taiping war (1850-1864), Hong Xiuquan's quarters were made; he was known to read and spend a lot of time in his own study. Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen both worked from the palace. A local Chinese village incorporates 1907 and 1912 into its name to reflect that the two qausetions became the new names of their buildings and neighborhoods.

text: Remove the sentence describing the village and neighborhood in which the palace is situated, because it is not relevant to the question.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace was built over 600 years ago and incorporates designs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom era. The collection of buildings and sculptured landscape showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital. 36 years after the Taiping war (1850-1864), Hong Xiuquan's quarters were made; he was known to read and spend a lot of time in his own study. Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen both worked from the palace.

answer: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum of modern history. It is built over 600 years ago. Meeting rooms for Chinese and foreign leaders, private offices, and Sun Yat-sen's nap room have been preserved and restored for the public to view. One of the main attractions is the Qing-style atrium, which was built in 1870.

answer: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum consisting of Western-influenced Republican-era architecture, traditional Imperial designs, and historic Republican-era spaces. The palace served a variety of functions during different eras, but now it is a peaceful space for visitors to explore. The main focus of the surrounding neighborhood are foreign chains like Starbucks and KFC, as well as nightclubs. The palace's most noteworthy features are the stunning architecture and former residents, including Sun Yat-sen.

text: Remove the sentence describing the neighborhood in which the palace is situated, because it is not relevant to the question.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum consisting of Western-influenced Republican-era architecture, traditional Imperial designs, and historic Republican-era spaces. The palace served a variety of functions during different eras, but now it is a peaceful space for visitors to explore. The palace's most noteworthy features are the stunning architecture and former residents, including Sun Yat-sen.

text: Remove the second mention of the architecture of the palace.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum consisting of Western-influenced Republican-era architecture, traditional Imperial designs, and historic Republican-era spaces. The palace served a variety of functions during different eras, but now it is a peaceful space for visitors to explore. The palace's most noteworthy features are the former residents, including Sun Yat-sen.

text: Noteworthy features of the palace are 'Heavenly King' Hong Xiuquan's quarters and study, private offices of Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen's nap room. Include these features in the response.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum consisting of Western-influenced Republican-era architecture, traditional Imperial designs, and historic Republican-era spaces. The palace served a variety of functions during different eras, but now it is a peaceful space for visitors to explore. The palace's most noteworthy features are the quarters and study of the 'Hevenly King' Hong Xiuquan, private offices of Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen's nap room.

answer: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum of modern history made up of buildings and sculpted landscapes that span various architectural styles. The palace is a fitting site to commemorate Sun Yat-sen, the first president of the Republic of China and a key player in the toppling of the Qing dynasty. The palace features rich Western-influenced Republican-era architecture mixed with design elements of China's Imperial eras. The surrounding neighborhood near the palace is being developed as an entertainment district.

text: Remove the sentence describing the neighborhood in which the palace is situated, because it is not relevant to the question.

refinement: The Nanjing Presidential Palace is a 120,000-square-meter museum of modern history made up of buildings and sculpted landscapes that span various architectural styles. The palace is a fitting site to commemorate Sun Yat-sen, the first president of the Republic of China and a key player in the toppling of the Qing dynasty. The palace features rich Western-influenced Republican-era architecture mixed with design elements of China's Imperial eras.

answer: Nanjing Presidential Palace is located in Fengwu District of Nanjing, Jiangsu. It is less than two hours by train from Shanghai. Nanjing is home to Guangning Central Park, Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall, Sun Yat Sen’s mausoleum and a number of other tourist attractions. Nanjing Presidential Palace dates back to over 600 years and showcases the complex past of China's ancient capital.


text:
  -------------------------------
  [MBA admissions in Bangalore]
  MBA ADMISSIONS IN BANGALORE
  -------------------------------

Business management is a demanding subject that involves perseverance and rational thinking in tough situations. Getting MBA ADMISSIONS IN BANGALORE involves preparation for a rigorous entrance test conducted for this purpose.

A good college for pursuing a versatile program like MBA is the one that has commitment to current and evolving practices in the real-world market. They help the student acquire working knowledge and skills in the basic disciplines of management. These colleges have an updated curriculum as per industry requirements. They guide and mentor their students in every step of the program. The specialization and entrepreneurship program give the students in hand experience of the various projects assigned. Thus, make them industry ready and employable. The teaching method is Research Orientated.

Some of the best colleges for MBA ADMISSION IN BANGALORE are:

-   Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship
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MBA is a two-year program consisting of four semesters. In these two years the student will take part in lectures, case studies, projects and assignments, seminars and workshops. They may also get a chance to hear from some of the prominent dignitaries as a guest speaker in their college campus. These colleges provide their students with various subject options for specialization in the second year of the MBA program. Some of these specialization subjects are:

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-   Human Resource Management
-   International Business
-   Finance Management
-   Tourism Management
-   Banking and Insurance Sectors
-   Retail Management
-   Information Technology

ADMISSION PROCEDURE IN VARIOUS MBA COLLEGES

Most of the MBA COLLEGES IN INDIA ask their candidates for their CAT (Common Admission Test) scores. The Common Admission Test (CAT) is a 180-minute test consisting of 100 questions. The online test is conducted every year by the IIMs.There is no age limit for applying for CAT. The question paper consists of 34 Quantitative Ability questions, 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning.

Some colleges choose to conduct their own entrance exams with or without asking for the candidate’s CAT scores. Few of these entrance exams are:

-   Xavier Aptitude Test (XAT) is conducted by Xavier Association of Management Institutes.   It  is a national entrance exam for admission to the post graduate programs in management  courses of several management institutes all over India.
-   Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) is conducted by the All India Council for  technical Education (AICTE) for admission in all management programmes approved by   AICTE.
-   The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is conducted by Graduate   Management Admission Council for admission in colleges worldwide.
-   Joint Management Entrance Test (JMET) is the MBA entrance exam for admissions to the management departments of IITs.
-   Management Aptitude Test (MAT) is a national-level management entrance examination, conducted by All India Management Association

    The colleges also conduct Group Discussions and Personal Interviews of selected candidates before  finalizing the admissions.

question: What are the best colleges for MBA admission in Bangalore?

answer: Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, IFIM Business School, Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, and Adarsh Institute of Management & Information Technology

answer: Some of the best colleges in for MBA admission in Bangalore include Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, IFIM Business School, Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, and Adarsh Institute of Management & Information Technology.

text: "Colleges in for MBA admission" is ungrammatical

refinement: Some of the best colleges in Bangalore for MBA admission include Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, IFIM Business School, Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, and Adarsh Institute of Management & Information Technology.

answer: Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, Adarsh Institute of Management & Information Technology (AIMIT), IFIM Business School.

text: The article names a fourth college: Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship

refinement: Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, Adarsh Institute of Management & Information Technology (AIMIT), IFIM Business School, and Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship.

question: What is an MBA?

answer: An MBA is a two-year program that helps the student acquire working knowledge and skills in the basic disciplines of management.

text: While the response may be true, when the input says "they help the student acquire working knowledge and skills in the basic disciplines of management," it is referring to the colleges offering MBA's, not the degree itself

text: The input explicitly points out that an MBA spans four semesters

refinement: An MBA is a two-year program consisting of four semesters.

answer: It is a postgraduate program.

text: While the response is accurate, the input specifically states that an MBA is "a two-year program consisting of four semesters"

refinement: It is a two-year postgraduate program consisting of four semesters.

answer: A two-year program consisting of four semesters.

question: What does the CAT consist of?

answer: The CAT is a 180-minute examination consisting of 100 questions. Various colleges ask for this examination as a requirement for entrance in their MBA program.

text: The fact that "various colleges ask for this examination as a requirement for entrance in the MBA program" is not relevant

refinement: The CAT is a 180-minute examination consisting of 100 questions.

text: The input further breaks down the CAT exam by the number of questions in different categories

refinement: The CAT is a 180-minute examination consisting of 100 questions. 34 are Quantitative Ability questions, 34 are Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 are Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning questions.

answer: The CAT, or Common Admission Test, is a 180-minute test consisting of 100 questions. There are 34 Quantitative Ability questions, 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning.

answer: The CAT consists of 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning, and 100 questions.

text: Response leaves out that there are 34 Quantitative Ability questions

refinement: The CAT consists of 34 Quantitative Ability questions, 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning, and 100 questions.

text: The final "and" should be "for a total of"

refinement: The CAT consists of 34 Quantitative Ability questions, 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning, for a total of 100 questions.

text: Add how much time the test takes

refinement: The CAT is a 180-minute test which consists of 34 Quantitative Ability questions, 34 questions from Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension, and 32 questions from Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning, for a total of 100 questions.

question: What are some of the specialization subjects that students can choose within an MBA?

answer: One can specialize in many things, including Marketing Management, Human Resource Management, International Business, and Finance Management.

answer: Some specialization subjects within an MBA program include marketing management, human resource management, international business, finance management, and tourism management.

answer: Some possible specialization subjects that students can choose in an MBA program are marketing management, human resource management, international business, finance and banking, and retail management.

text: "Finance and banking" isn't listed in the input, but is a reasonable amalgam of "finance management" and "banking and insurance sectors;" I'd list those two original options instead

refinement: Some possible specialization subjects that students can choose in an MBA program are marketing management, human resource management, international business, finance management, banking and insurance sectors, and retail management.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: MBA admissions in India can be initiated through an entrance exam like CAT or by applying to a college's individual entrance exams. Completing a rigorous test or going through interviews is necessary in order to be considered for admission. These colleges help students obtain the skills and experience necessary to enter the field of business management.

text: The article is specifically about MBA admissions in Bangalore

refinement: MBA admissions in Bangalore can be initiated through an entrance exam like CAT or by applying to a college's individual entrance exams. Completing a rigorous test or going through interviews is necessary in order to be considered for admission. These colleges help students obtain the skills and experience necessary to enter the field of business management.

text: Taking the CAT doesn't necessarily initiate MBA admissions; it would be better phrasing to say that MBA admissions typically require the CAT

refinement: MBA admissions in Bangalore typically require a candidate's CAT scores or by applying to a college's individual entrance exams. Completing a rigorous test or going through interviews is necessary in order to be considered for admission. These colleges help students obtain the skills and experience necessary to enter the field of business management.

text: Replace "or by applying to a college's individual entrance exams" with "or require them to take the college's own entrance exams" to make the text flow better

refinement: MBA admissions in Bangalore typically require a candidate's CAT scores or require them to take the college's own entrance exams. Completing a rigorous test or going through interviews is necessary in order to be considered for admission. These colleges help students obtain the skills and experience necessary to enter the field of business management.

answer: Getting into a good MBA college can be a daunting task that requires hard preparation of the Common Admission Test (CAT). The process typically also includes group discussions and interviews.

text: The input does not depict MBA admissions as a "daunting task"

refinement: Getting into a good MBA college requires hard preparation of the Common Admission Test (CAT). The process typically also includes group discussions and interviews.

text: The input does not talk about the preparation needed for the CAT, only that CAT scores, or those of some other entrance exam, are required

refinement: Getting into a good MBA college requires scores from either the Common Admission Test (CAT) or from the college's own entrance exam. The process typically also includes group discussions and interviews.

text: Note that the input is specifically about MBA programs in Bangalore

refinement: Getting into a good MBA college in Bangalore requires scores from either the Common Admission Test (CAT) or from the college's own entrance exam. The process typically also includes group discussions and interviews.

answer: To get admission into an MBA program, you need to prepare for a stringent entrance test and be ready for interviews. Most top-ranking colleges ask for candidates' CAT scores, and some conduct their own entrance exam.

text: Note that the input focuses on MBA admissions in Bangalore

refinement: To get admission into an MBA program in Bangalore, you need to prepare for a stringent entrance test and be ready for interviews. Most top-ranking colleges ask for candidates' CAT scores, and some conduct their own entrance exam.

answer: This article details MBA programs in Bangalore. It gives a list of the colleges with the best MBA programs, and explains the admission process for MBA programs in India.

answer: For getting into a quality MBA program, the general requirement is a strong score on the CAT entrance exam. However, some colleges also conduct their own entrance exams in addition to or instead of the CAT scores. There is no minimum age to apply, and candidates may be subject to group discussions and personal interviews before being admitted.

text: The input says "there is no age limit," which is not quite the same as "there is no minimum age"

refinement: For getting into a quality MBA program, the general requirement is a strong score on the CAT entrance exam. However, some colleges also conduct their own entrance exams in addition to or instead of the CAT scores. There is no age limit to apply, and candidates may be subject to group discussions and personal interviews before being admitted.

text: The input is not uncertain about the group discussions and personal interviews; change "may" to "will"

refinement: For getting into a quality MBA program, the general requirement is a strong score on the CAT entrance exam. However, some colleges also conduct their own entrance exams in addition to or instead of the CAT scores. There is no age limit to apply, and candidates will be subject to group discussions and personal interviews before being admitted.

text: The input is specifically about MBA programs in Bangalore

refinement: For getting into a quality MBA program in Bangalore, the general requirement is a strong score on the CAT entrance exam. However, some colleges also conduct their own entrance exams in addition to or instead of the CAT scores. There is no age limit to apply, and candidates will be subject to group discussions and personal interviews before being admitted.

answer: According to the passage, business management programs require a rigorous entrance process, including taking the Common Admission Test (CAT) or applying to college through their own entrance exams. This involves taking group discussions and interviews before finalizing admissions.

text: The input is specifically about programs in Bangalore

refinement: According to the passage, business management programs in Bangalore require a rigorous entrance process, including taking the Common Admission Test (CAT) or applying to college through their own entrance exams. This involves taking group discussions and interviews before finalizing admissions.

text: "This involves [...]" seems to refer to the CAT and other entrance exams, but the group discussions and interviews are a separate requirement

refinement: According to the passage, business management programs in Bangalore require a rigorous entrance process, including taking the Common Admission Test (CAT) or applying to college through their own entrance exams. It also involves group discussions and interviews before finalizing admissions.