text:
[Llandegai Village, 1855]

LLANDYGAI (; ; ; also LLANDEGAI) is a small village and community on the A5 road between Bangor and Tal-y-Bont in Gwynedd, Wales. It affords a view of the nearby Carneddau mountain range. The population of the community taken at the 2011 Census was 2,487.[1] Llandygai community includes nearby Tregarth and Mynydd Llandygai and also the pass of Nant Ffrancon.

Prehistory

There is evidence of human occupation of this site from Neolithic times.

Excavations in the 1960s at the site of the current Industrial Estate uncovered two large henge monuments and a series of hengiform pit circles from the late Neolithic period.[2][3] Excavations in 2006 and 2007 at the Bryn Cegin site (extending the industrial estate) found an early Neolithic house and later, possibly Romano-British, settlement[4]

History

[Steam train taking the bend prior to entering the tunnel at Llandegai] In 1648 during the English Civil War the Battle of Y Dalar Hir was fought near Llandygai. Royalist forces of 150 horse and 120 foot soldiers led by Sir John Owen engaged Parliamentarian forces led by Colonel Carter and Colonel George Twistleton.[5][6]

The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses.[7] The village was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn (1800-1886) as a ‘model village’ for his estate workers, in which ‘no corrupting alehouse’ was permitted.[8] It lies immediately outside of the walls of the Penrhyn Castle demesne walls, with the entrance to the village being some from the castle's Grand Lodge. Lord Penrhyn, a Scottish aristocrat, had inherited the Penrhyn Estate from his father-in-law, George Hay Dawkins-Pennant (1764-1840), in 1840.

This model village was mostly constructed in the 1840s in a ‘vernacular revival’ style which conformed to the Picturesque ideal.[9] The model village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. Each house was built in a similar style but none was to be identical. They were furnished with ample gardens and the layout was such that no house’s front door faced another.

Llandygai Church

[Wyatt family memorial at St. Tegais Church] [St. Tegais Church]

A church was founded by _Saint Tegai_ (or _Tygái_ or simply _Cai_) in the fifth century. Relics of the Saint, including a stone coffin and a cross bearing his name, are kept at the church.[10]

The present church dates to around 1330[11][12][13] and was much restored and extended by the diocesan architect, Henry Kennedy, in 1853.[14] The church is of cruciform structure with a central tower. It is a Grade II* listed building.[15]

The church has six bells. The bells naturally sound very loud inside the ringing chamber (from where the bells are rung); to combat this the bells are permanently fitted with leather muffles on both sides of the clapper. When ringing the bells they have a strange sound because of this; almost as if they are ringing inside a large tank of water.

In the church is a marble monument to Archbishop John Williams, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal during the reign of James I. There is also monument by Richard Westmacott to the first Lord Penrhyn, in which the sarcophagus is flanked by a quarryman and peasant woman, described by Eric Hobsbawm as “the earliest sculpted proletarians”.[16]Christopher Bethell, Bishop of Bangor, is buried in the churchyard.

The ecclesiastical parish of Llandygai follows the Ogwen valley southwards, giving its name also to the village of Mynydd Llandygai.

Education

There are accounts of schooling for twelve children under the Welsh Trust in the late seventeenth century, and later a circulating school established in the area in 1750.[17] Shortly after her husband’s death, the first Lady Penrhyn set up a school for girls in the village[18] in what is now Neuadd Talgai.[19] A school for boys was built in 1843.[20]

The boys school, now with a twentieth century extension, forms the present-day primary school, Ysgol Llandygai. It is a Voluntary Controlled school with around 170 pupils.[21]

The village today

The model village, within the loop of the former line of the A55 road, retains much of its original character, despite some more recent additions, having been declared a conservation area in 1974.[22] The village is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public.

Outside the model village are also to be found –

-   Off the A5 towards Bangor:
    -   Llandygai Gypsy Site[23]
    -   Llandygai Industrial Estate
    -   Ty Newydd probation hostel[24]
    -   Bangor Cricket Club (Ty Newydd ground) [25]
-   Off the A5 towards Bethesda:
    -   Parc Cegin business park (in development)
-   Off the former line of the A5, now a narrow lane:
    -   Bangor Rugby Football Club

The Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village through the Llandygai Tunnel, which is 442 yards in length, before emerging onto the Ogwen Viaduct to the east of the village.

Spelling

The village name has been spelt also as LLANDEGAI. The correct Welsh spelling is LLANDYGÁI, the accent signifying that the last syllable is stressed as opposed to the last-but-one, the usual pattern.[26] All forms are in use today with LLANDYGAI the most commonly accepted.

[1]

[2] Joshua Pollard (2001) _The Neolithic_ in Prys Morgan (ed.) _The Tempus History of Wales 25,000 BC – AD 2000_, Tempus

[3] Frances Lynch (1995) _A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales: Gwynedd_, CADW

[4]

[5] A.H. Dodd (1968) _A History of Caernarvonshire_ , Caernarvonshire Historical Society/Bridge Books

[6] Parry's Railway E&W Publishers 1970

[7] Edmund Hyde Hall (1811) _A Description of Caernarvonshire (1809-1811)_ Caernarvonshire Historical Society, 1952

[8]

[9]

[10] T. D. Breverton, The Book of Welsh Saints (Cyhoeddiadau Glyndŵr, 2001)

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] David Gwyn (2006) ''Gwynedd: Inheriting a Revolution: The Archaeology of Industrialisation in North-West Wales '' Phillimore

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

title: Llandygai

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the text provides as the history of the village of Llandygai.

answer: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. It was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a “model village” for his estate workers, in which “no corrupting alehouse” was permitted. The model village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road.

answer: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. It was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a “model village” for his estate workers, in which “no corrupting alehouse” was permitted. The model village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. The church was founded in the fifth century and the present church dates back to the 1330s.

text: It's omitted that most of the village was constructed in the 1840s.

refinement: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. It was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a “model village” for his estate workers, in which “no corrupting alehouse” was permitted. Most of the village was constructed in the 1840s. The model village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. The church was founded in the fifth century and the present church dates back to the 1330s.

text: It's omitted that the area was deemed a conservation area in 1974.

refinement: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. It was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a “model village” for his estate workers, in which “no corrupting alehouse” was permitted. Most of the village was constructed in the 1840s. The model village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. The church was founded in the fifth century and the present church dates back to the 1330s. It was declared a conservation area in 1974.

answer: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back to the time of 1648. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Starting in the early 19th century the village is recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house is not allowed as it was a business for the lower class. The village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

text: Specify that the village itself wasn't recorded until the early 19th century however.

refinement: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back to the time of 1648, but the village itself wasn't recocrded until the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Starting in the early 19th century the village is recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house is not allowed as it was a business for the lower class. The village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

text: This happened later in the 19th century.

refinement: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back to the time of 1648, but the village itself wasn't recocrded until the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Later that century, the village was recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house is not allowed as it was a business for the lower class. The village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

text: This is not said in the text and should be omitted.

refinement: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back to the time of 1648, but the village itself wasn't recocrded until the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Later that century, the village was recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house was referred to as corrupting and now allowed. The village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

text: Specify that most of the village was constructed in the 1840s in a style that conformed to the picturesque ideal.

refinement: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back to the time of 1648, but the village itself wasn't recocrded until the beginning of the nineteenth century. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Later that century, the village was recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house was referred to as corrupting and now allowed. Most of the village was constructed in the 1840s in a style that conformed to the picturesque ideal. The village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

answer: The Battle of Y Dalar Hir was fought near Llandygai in 1648 during the English Civil War. The present church dates to around 1330 and was much restored and extended by diocesan architect Henry Kennedy in 1853. A church was founded by Saint Tegai in the fifth century. The school for girls was set up by the first Lady Penrhyn soon after her husband's death. The school for boys was founded in 1843.

text: It's omitted that the village was recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as having around nine houses, and it was later in the century developed by The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a "model village" for his estate workers where no corrupting alehouse was permitted.

refinement: The Battle of Y Dalar Hir was fought near Llandygai in 1648 during the English Civil War. The present church dates to around 1330 and was much restored and extended by diocesan architect Henry Kennedy in 1853. A church was founded by Saint Tegai in the fifth century. The village was recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as having around nine houses, and it was later in the century developed by The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a "model village" for his estate workers where no corrupting alehouse was permitted. The school for girls was set up by the first Lady Penrhyn soon after her husband's death. The school for boys was founded in 1843.

text: It's omitted that most of the village was developed in the 1840s.

refinement: The Battle of Y Dalar Hir was fought near Llandygai in 1648 during the English Civil War. The present church dates to around 1330 and was much restored and extended by diocesan architect Henry Kennedy in 1853. A church was founded by Saint Tegai in the fifth century. The village was recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as having around nine houses, and it was later in the century developed, mostly in the 1840s, by The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a "model village" for his estate workers where no corrupting alehouse was permitted. The school for girls was set up by the first Lady Penrhyn soon after her husband's death. The school for boys was founded in 1843.

text: It's omitted that the village was declared a conservation area in 1974.

refinement: The Battle of Y Dalar Hir was fought near Llandygai in 1648 during the English Civil War. The present church dates to around 1330 and was much restored and extended by diocesan architect Henry Kennedy in 1853. A church was founded by Saint Tegai in the fifth century. The village was recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as having around nine houses, and it was later in the century developed, mostly in the 1840s, by The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a "model village" for his estate workers where no corrupting alehouse was permitted. The school for girls was set up by the first Lady Penrhyn soon after her husband's death. The school for boys was founded in 1843. In 1974, it was named a conservation area.

answer: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. The village was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a ‘model village’ for his estate workers, in which ‘no corrupting alehouse’ was permitted. The village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. Each house was built in a similar style but none was to be identical. They were furnished with ample gardens and the layout was such that no house’s front door faced another.

text: This is unnecessary and could be omitted.

refinement: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. The village was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a ‘model village’ for his estate workers, in which ‘no corrupting alehouse’ was permitted. The village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. Each house was built in a similar style but none was to be identical.

text: Specify that most of the village was constructed in the 1840s in a style that conformed to the picturesque ideal.

refinement: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. The village was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a ‘model village’ for his estate workers, in which ‘no corrupting alehouse’ was permitted. Most of the village was constructed in the 1840s in a style that conformed to the picturesque ideal. The village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. Each house was built in a similar style but none was to be identical.

text: It's omitted the village was declared a conservation area in 1974.

refinement: The village of Llandygai is recorded at the beginning of the nineteenth century as consisting of eight or nine houses. The village was later developed by quarry owner The 1st Baron Penrhyn as a ‘model village’ for his estate workers, in which ‘no corrupting alehouse’ was permitted. Most of the village was constructed in the 1840s in a style that conformed to the picturesque ideal. The village was built within the loop of the road to Conwy from where it branched off Telford’s newly built Holyhead to London road. Each house was built in a similar style but none was to be identical. In 1974, it was declared a conservation area.

answer: The village of Llandegai and its history is traced back 19th century. At the time of 1855 the village of Llandygai is recorded as consisting of eight or nine houses. Starting in the early 19th century the village is recorded as a model village by Baron Penrhyn where an ale house is not allowed as it was a business for the lower class. The model village of Llandygai remained true to the ideal and was declared a conservation area in 1974.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the text states about the village today.

answer: The village retains much of its original character despite some more recent additions. The model village is next to the Grand Lodge, which affords the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, which is now a National Trust property open to the public. Outside the model village are also to be found Llandygai Gypsy Site, Llandygai Industrial Estate, and Bangor Cricket Club.

text: It's omitted that the Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village now.

refinement: The village retains much of its original character despite some more recent additions. The model village is next to the Grand Lodge, which affords the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, which is now a National Trust property open to the public. Outside the model village are also to be found Llandygai Gypsy Site, Llandygai Industrial Estate, and Bangor Cricket Club. Additionally, the Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village now.

answer: In the present day, the village has a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village, including industrial estates, a garish sitting areas, a palais and a baseball ground. There is a train station, the Bangor Rugby Club, and a gaol, for example.

answer: The village retains much of its original character despite the addition of some more recent additions. The village is next to the Grand Lodge, affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public.

text: It's omitted that the Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village now.

refinement: The village retains much of its original character despite the addition of some more recent additions. The village is next to the Grand Lodge, affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public. The Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village now.

text: It's omitted the village now features the Llandygai Gypsy Site, Bangor Cricket Club, and the Bangor Rugby Football club, among others.

refinement: The village retains much of its original character despite the addition of some more recent additions. The village is next to the Grand Lodge, affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public.  The Holyhead to Chester railway passes by the village now. It also now features the Llandygai Gypsy Site, Bangor Cricket Club, and the Bangor Rugby Football club, among others.

answer: In the present day, the village has a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village. There is a train station, the Bangor Rugby Club, and a gaol, for example.

text: It's omitted that overall, the village has retained much of its original character.

refinement: In the present day, the village has retained much of its original character. There have been a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village however. There is a train station, the Bangor Rugby Club, and a gaol, for example.

text: There's no mention of a specific station. This should be omitted,

refinement: In the present day, the village has retained much of its original character. There have been a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village however. There is the Bangor Rugby Club, and a gaol, for example.

text: There is no mention of a jail.

refinement: In the present day, the village has retained much of its original character. There have been a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village however. There is the Bangor Rugby Club, for example.

text: It's omitted that there is now the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village.

refinement: In the present day, the village has retained much of its original character. There have been a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village however. There is the Bangor Rugby Club, for example. There is also the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village now.

text: It's omitted that it is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public

refinement: In the present day, the village has retained much of its original character. There have been a number of new additions and facilities outside the area of the model village however. There is the Bangor Rugby Club, for example. There is also the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village now. It is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public.

answer: The village retains much of its original character despite some more recent additions. The model village is next to the Grand Lodge, which affords the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, which is now a National Trust property open to the public. Outside the model village are also to be found Llandygai Gypsy Site, Llandygai Industrial Estate, and Ty Newydd probation hostel.

answer: The model village, within the loop of the former line of the A55 road, retains much of its original character, despite some more recent additions, having been declared a conservation area in 1974. The village is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family now a National Trust property open to public.

text: It's omitted that there is now the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village.

refinement: The model village, within the loop of the former line of the A55 road, retains much of its original character, despite some more recent additions, having been declared a conservation area in 1974. The village is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family now a National Trust property open to public. There is also now the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village.

text: It's omitted the village now features the Llandygai Gypsy Site, Bangor Cricket Club, and the Bangor Rugby Football club, among others.

refinement: The model village, within the loop of the former line of the A55 road, retains much of its original character, despite some more recent additions, having been declared a conservation area in 1974. The village now features the Llandygai Gypsy Site, Bangor Cricket Club, and the Bangor Rugby Football club, among others.  The village is next to the Grand Lodge affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family now a National Trust property open to public. There is also now the Holyhead to Chester railway that passes by the village.

answer: The village retains much of its original character despite the addition of some more recent additions. The village is next to the Grand Lodge, affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public. The village is next to the Grand Lodge, affording the principal entrance to Penrhyn Castle, the former seat of the Penrhyn family, now a National Trust property open to the public.


split: train

text:
The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army.

Formed in May 1941 in Karelia, it fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during World War II. After Finland withdrew from World War II in September 1944, the army remained on the Finnish border. It continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus postwar and was disbanded in 1948.

World War II

It was formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defence of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank.

The Army initially included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps (which included the 21st Tank Division, the 24th Tank Division and the 198th Mechanised Division), the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, plus artillery and other units.

On 24 June the Army was included in the Northern Front. At the beginning of 10 July Mechanised Corps was removed from the Army. From 31 July to the end of August when facing Finnish offensive, it was unable to stop the Finns reconquering the Karelian Isthmus, and thus the Army fell back to the old border line and occupied positions in the 22nd Karelian Fortified Region. During the campaign, the army (more specifically the 43rd Rifle Division) was decisively defeat at the Battle of Porlampi.

Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. The 23rd Army had suffered enormous losses in battles against Finns in July–August 1941. When Finnish army halted offense by command of field marshal Mannerheim on 1 September, the army consisted of only 80 000–90 000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material to the Finns. If Finns hadn't halted attack and continued moving towards Leningrad, the 23rd Army probably would have had to withdraw to the city of Leningrad.

From 1942 until June 1944 the Army defended North Western approaches to Leningrad. During June 1944 the Army, including the 97th, 98th and 115th Rifle Corps, and the 17th Izyaslavsky Fortified Region and other units, participated in the Vyborg offensive operation (10 June 1944 – 15 July 1944). In this operation, the 23rd Army followed the breakthrough of the 21st Army in this operation, cleared the southern bank of the Vuoksi river and crossed the river in the Battle of Vuosalmi. After the termination of combat with Finland the Army formations were brought out to the state border against Finland, where they were located to the end of the war.

On 1 May 1945, operating under the Leningrad Front, the army consisted of the 97th Rifle Corps (177th, 178th, 224th Rifle Divisions), the 9th, 16th, 17th Fortified Regions, the 47th Guards Gun Artillery Brigade, the 8th Guards and 21st Gun Artillery Regiments, the 94th Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment, the 174th Mortar Regiment, the 24th Guards Rocket Artillery Regiment, the 1469th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, the 71st, 168th, 177th, and 618th Separate Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalions, the 14th Separate Armored Train Battalion, the 172nd Separate Engineer Battalion, and the 67th Separate Minesweeper Engineer Battalion.

Postwar

On 9 July 1945, the Leningrad Front became the Leningrad Military District. In the postwar period, the army initially included the 14th and 30th Guards Rifle Corps. The latter had relocated to Vyborg on 10 June after being transferred from the 10th Guards Army, and included the 45th, 63rd, and 64th Guards Rifle Divisions. In August, the 14th Guards Rifle Corps was transferred to the Kharkov Military District. By 1 October, along with the 30th Guards Rifle Corps, the army included the 9th, 16th, 17th, and 22nd Fortified Regions. The fortified regions had become the 1st and 22nd Machine Gun Artillery Brigades by 1 August 1946. In April 1948, the 23rd Army's headquarters was disbanded, and its units became directly subordinate to the district headquarters.

Commanding officers

The following officers commanded the 23rd Army:

-   Lieutenant-General Pyotr Pshennikov (25 May – 6 August 1941);
-   Lieutenant-General M.N. Gerasimov (6 August – 8 September 1941);
-   Major-General A. I. Cherepanov (9 September 1941 – 3 July 1944; promoted Lieutenant General in September 1943);
-   Lieutenant-General Vasily Shvetsov (3 July 1944 – April 1948)

Notes

title: 23rd Army (Soviet Union)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about winning the war?

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: No answer.

answer: The text does not explicitly talk about winning the war.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the 23rd army and World War II?

answer: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 7th, 19th, 50th, and 10th Rifle Corps, an armored corps, a defensive region, and other units in order to defend the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front two years later where they were involved in battle against the Finns until 1944.

text: The composition of the 23rd Army is wrong in the answer.

refinement: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, which included the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions, and the 198th Mechanized Division. It also included the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolom Fortified region, artillery, and other units in order to defend the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front two years later where they were involved in battle against the Finns until 1944.

text: The 23rd Army's goal of defending is expressed very awkwardly.

refinement: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, which included the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions, and the 198th Mechanized Division. It also included the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolom Fortified region, artillery, and other units in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front two years later where they were involved in battle against the Finns until 1944.

text: The army retreated to the Leningrad Front after a few months of its formation in 1941. They defended Leningrad's Northwest approaches from 1942 to 1944.

refinement: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, which included the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions, and the 198th Mechanized Division. It also included the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolom Fortified region, artillery, and other units in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front a few months later and defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944.

text: The answer omits the army's activity during the latest phases of the war.

refinement: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, which included the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions, and the 198th Mechanized Division. It also included the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolom Fortified region, artillery, and other units in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front a few months later and defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944. They participated in the Vyborg offensive in June 1944 and were positioned at the border with Finland until the end of the war.

text: The answer should mention the losses inflicted on the army.

refinement: The 23rd army was created in 1941 on the Leningrad Military District from units from the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, which included the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions, and the 198th Mechanized Division. It also included the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolom Fortified region, artillery, and other units in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg") in the Karelian Isthmus. The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front a few months later after a heavy defeat against Finns and defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944. They participated in the Vyborg offensive in June 1944 and were positioned at the border with Finland until the end of the war.

answer: The 23RD ARMY was created in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg"). In July 1959, the army became the Leningrad Military District. In November 1958 they were involved in battle against the Finns until 1944.

text: The last two sentences are made-up nonsense.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was created in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg").

text: The answer omits the army's actions after its formation.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was created in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District in order to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's northern border with Finland ("north and northeast of Vyborg"). The army was transferred to the Leningrad Front a few months later after a heavy defeat against Finns and defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944. They participated in the Vyborg offensive in June 1944 and were positioned at the border with Finland until the end of the war.

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They fought in the region of Karelia against Finland during World War II. At the beginning of July Mechanized Corps was removed from the Army. It consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps (which included the 21st Tank Division, the 24th Tank Division and the 198th Mechanised Division), the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, plus artillery and other units. In the first parts of July, the Army was included in the Northern Front. Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. By the end of 1941, the army had suffered huge losses in battles against Finland, but the Finns halted their attacks. The army continued to attract devastation from Finnish fighters and was down to 80,000 to 90,000 men.

text: The army's composition is irrelevant in and of itself.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They fought in the region of Karelia against Finland during World War II. In the first parts of July, the Army was included in the Northern Front. Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. By the end of 1941, the army had suffered huge losses in battles against Finland, but the Finns halted their attacks. The army continued to attract devastation from Finnish fighters and was down to 80,000 to 90,000 men.

text: The army suffered losses a lot earlier than the end of 1941. These losses were the ones caused by the Finns, reducing them to 80-90k men.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They fought in the region of Karelia against Finland during World War II. In the first parts of July, the Army was included in the Northern Front. Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. By the end of August 1941, the army had suffered huge losses in battles against Finland, but the Finns halted their attacks. The army suffered devastation from Finnish fighters and was down to 80,000 to 90,000 men.

text: The answer omits the events after the army's transfer to Leningrad Front.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They fought in the region of Karelia against Finland during World War II. In the first parts of July, the Army was included in the Northern Front. Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. By the end of August 1941, the army had suffered huge losses in battles against Finland, but the Finns halted their attacks. The army suffered devastation from Finnish fighters and was down to 80,000 to 90,000 men. The army defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944. They participated in the Vyborg offensive in June 1944 and were positioned at the border with Finland until the end of the war.

answer: The 23rd Army was formed in May 1941 to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. It consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps and the 10th Motors Corps. When the Finnish army halted offense by field marshal Mannerheim, the army consisted of only 80,000 to 90,000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material. The Finnish army was unable to advance toward Leningrad and continued the attack would result in the 23rd Army withdrawing to the city of Leningrad.

text: The counterfactual scenario of the Finns attacking is irrelevant.

refinement: The 23rd Army was formed in May 1941 to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. It consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps and the 10th Motors Corps. When the Finnish army halted offense by field marshal Mannerheim, the army consisted of only 80,000 to 90,000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material.

text: The composition of the army isn't important or relevant in and of itself.

refinement: The 23rd Army was formed in May 1941 to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. When the Finnish army halted offense by field marshal Mannerheim, the army consisted of only 80,000 to 90,000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material.

text: The answer omits the events after the army's losses against Finland.

refinement: The 23rd Army was formed in May 1941 to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. When the Finnish army halted offense by field marshal Mannerheim, the army consisted of only 80,000 to 90,000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material. The army defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944. They participated in the Vyborg offensive in June 1944 and were positioned at the border with Finland until the end of the war.

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It defended the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. At the beginning of July Mechanized Corps was removed from the Army. It consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps (which included the 21st Tank Division, the 24th Tank Division and the 198th Mechanised Division), the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, plus artillery and other units. In the first parts of July, the Army was included in the Northern Front. Due to a reorganization, the army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 24 August. By the end of 1941, the army had suffered huge losses in battles against Finland, but the Finns halted their attacks. The army continued to attract devastation from Finnish fighters and was down to 80,000 to 90,000 men.

answer: The 23rd Army was formed in May 1941 to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. It consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps and the 10th Motors Corps. When the Finnish army halted offense by field marshal Mannerheim, the army consisted of only 80,000 to 90,000 men and had lost huge amounts of heavy weapons and material.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the 23rd army?

answer: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during World War II. Money was spent on weapons, equipment, ammo, and food supplies wearing them down enough to withdraw in 7 November 1944.

text: The sentence about spending isn't corroborated.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during World War II.

text: The answer should mention the disbanding of the army.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during World War II. They were disbanded in 1948.

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia. The army fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, and was disbanded in 1948.

text: The answer omits the army's defense of Leningrad during WW2.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia. The army fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus. They defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad from 1942 to 1944, participated in the Vyborg offensive, and was disbanded in 1948.

answer: They were a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland. Money was spent on weapons, equipment, ammo, and food supplies wearing them down enough to withdraw in 7 November 1944.

text: The expenditure isn't corroborated by the text.

refinement: They were a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland.

text: The answer omits the army's activities during WW2.

refinement: They were a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. They first emerged in May 1941 and fought in the Continuation War against Finland. After suffering losses, they defended the Northwestern approach to Leningrad for two years until 1944, participated in the Vyborg offensive, and disbanded eventually in 1948.

answer: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It fought against Finland's military in the Continuation War and defended the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during World War II. Its army was disbanded in 1948.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the army?

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery and other units which were removed and replaced by the 97th, 98th and 115th Rifle Corps. However, after the Mannerheim Line was solidified by the Finnish Army, the 23rd Army was transferred to the Leningrad Front on 8 August 1941 by Marshal Mannerheim's command when Finland had temporarily halted their offense. It was deployed on the east flank to support the Karelsky Canal and cleared Luga region at the same time, where fighting occurred for the rear positions. After Finland abandoned the League of NAZIS on the 1945 Spring, the army was transferred back to the Leningrad Military District. It then turned into the Leningrad Front which was dissolved into the Leningrad Military District in October 1945. The 23rd Army became a 1947 Guards Rifle Division which was stationed on the border.

text: The part about "Mannerheim Line" and everything after is all made up.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery and other units which were removed and replaced by the 97th, 98th and 115th Rifle Corps.

text: The artillery and other units aren't replaced. 97th Rifle corps and others were part of the Vyborg Offensive.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery, and other units.

text: The answer omits the army's activities after its formation.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery, and other units. They suffered heavy losses against the Finns and had to retreat to Leningrad Front, which they garrisoned until 1944. They were part of the Vyborg offensive in 1944 and were positioned at the Finnish border afterward until the end of WW2. They were disbanded in 1948.

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. The army included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, and the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, artillery, and other units. Following the Continuation of war against Finland, the Finn settled in September 1944, and the army remained on the Finnish border in 1947. The 23rd Army had enormous losses in battles against the Finns.

text: The army's confrontation with the Finns is represented incorrectly.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. The army included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, and the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, artillery, and other units. They fought the Continuation War against the Finns. The 23rd Army had enormous losses in battles against the Finns.

text: The answer omits the army's activities after their losses against Finland.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north and northeast of Vyborg. The army included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, and the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, artillery, and other units. They fought the Continuation War against the Finns. The 23rd Army had enormous losses in battles against the Finns. They retreated to Leningrad Front and defended the Northwestern approach until 1944. They joined the Vyborg offensive that year and were garrisoned at the Finnish border afterward until their disbandment in 1948.

text: There's a missing Oxford comma in the second sentence.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 in Karelia to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland, north, and northeast of Vyborg. The army included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, and the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, artillery, and other units. They fought the Continuation War against the Finns. The 23rd Army had enormous losses in battles against the Finns. They retreated to Leningrad Front and defended the Northwestern approach until 1944. They joined the Vyborg offensive that year and were garrisoned at the Finnish border afterward until their disbandment in 1948.

answer: It was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 during World War II to defend the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland. The army included the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, and the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, artillery, and other units. Following the Continuation of war against Finland, the Finn settled in September 1944, and the army remained on the Finnish border in 1947. The 23rd Army had enormous losses in battles against the Finns.

answer: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II from 1941 until 1948. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. After Finland withdrew from the war, the army continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus.

text: The Second World War ended in 1945, which the answer claims ended in 1948.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. After Finland withdrew from the war, the army continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus.

text: The answer omits the army's activities after their defense at the Leningrad Front ended and before Finland withdrew.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. They participated in the Vyborg offensive. After Finland withdrew from the war, the army continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus.

answer: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery and other units which were removed and replaced by the 97th, 98th and 115th Rifle Corps. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, and remained on the Finnish frontier after Finland withdrew from the war. It continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus until it disbanded in 1948.

text: The artillery and other units aren't replaced. 97th Rifle corps and others were part of the Vyborg Offensive.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery, and other units. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, and remained on the Finnish frontier after Finland withdrew from the war. It continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus until it disbanded in 1948.

text: The answer omits the army's participation in the Vyborg offensive.

refinement: The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union formed in May 1941 in the Leningrad Military District for the defense of the southernmost part of the Soviet Union's border with Finland north and northeast of Vyborg. The 7th Army was located on its right flank. In June 1941, the army was included in the Northern Front where it has initially consisted of the 19th and 50th Rifle Corps, the 10th Mechanized Corps, the 27th Vyborg Fortified Region, the 28th Keksgolm Fortified Region, the artillery, and other units. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, was part of the Vyborg offensive, and remained on the Finnish frontier after Finland withdrew from the war. It continued to garrison the Karelian Isthmus until it disbanded in 1948.

answer: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II from 1941 until 1948. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. In that operation, the army crossed the Vuoksi river and destroyed the Pori-Lampi fort; however, it was unable to stop the Finns and fell back to the old border line.

text: "Porlampi" fort is misspelled, and the events there are misrepresented. Vuoksi river was crossed years later in a different campaign.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II from 1941 until 1948. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. They suffered heavy losses against the Finns and retreated to the Leningrad Front, defending there for two years before they crossed the Vuoksi river behind the 21st Army as part of the Vyborg offensive.

text: The answer omits the events after the Vyborg offensive.

refinement: The 23RD ARMY was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army. It was formed in May 1941 and fought in World War II from 1941 until 1948. It fought in the Continuation War against Finland in the Karelian Isthmus, defending the northwestern approaches to Leningrad during the war. It suffered heavy losses against the Finns and retreated to the Leningrad Front, defending there for two years before crossing the Vuoksi river behind the 21st Army as part of the Vyborg offensive. It was positioned on the Finland border afterward until disbandment in 1948.


text:
MARC MAURICE ENFROY (born 1965) is an American composer, songwriter and producer who describes his music as “cinematic piano” due to its score-like, piano-driven nature.[1] Born into a musical family, he is the grandson of radio entertainer and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee Bradley Kincaid, a.k.a. “The Kentucky Mountain Boy.” Enfroy has released several studio albums[2] and is best known for his fifth album, “Crossroads”, which peaked at number 2 on the _Billboard_ New Age Albums Chart in August 2016 [3] and was the fourth best-selling iTunes album in Metro Detroit for the week of August 4, 2016[4].

His debut release, _Unbounded_, earned the Zone Music Reporter Lifestyle Music Award for Best Neo-Classical Album of the Year in 2008.[5]

Discography

Studio albums

-   2008 – “Unbounded”
-   2009 – “Awakening” (also released as “Arising” on MG Music label)
-   2011 – “Unconditional”
-   2012 - “Dreams of the Forest”
-   2016 - “Crossroads”
-   2019 - “Surrounded”

Singles

-   2010 – “Acceptance”
-   2016 - “Your Silence is a Razor (feat. Aili Laine)”
-   2016 - “Fading White (feat. Lila Ives)”
-   2016 - “Shed my Skin (feat. Lila Ives)”
-   2019 - “Aotearoa”
-   2019 - “Land of Fire and Ice”
-   2019 - “Kilkenny Rain”
-   2019 - “Flight of the Monarch”
-   2019 - “Lavande de Provence”
-   2020 - “Taken Away (Reprise)”
-   2020 - “Moonlit Dreams Reprise”

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[2]

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title: Marc Enfroy

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Marc Enfroy?

answer: Marc Maurice Engroy is an American composer, songwriter, and producer who has released works from 2008 to 2020. One of his songs has made to number 2 on the Billboard and he has also won the Zone Music Reporter Lifestyle Music Award for Best Neo-Classical Album of the Year in 2008.

answer: Marc Maurice Enfroy is an American composer, songwriter, and producer.

answer: He is an American composer, songwriter and producer in whose music "cinematic piano" creates a score-like sound due to its piano-driven nature.

answer: Marc Enfroy is an American composer, songwriter, and producer.

answer: Marc Maurice Enfroy is a composer, songwriter, and producer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How active was Enfroy in the music industry?

answer: He released nine studio album and is still releasing singles and albums.

text: He did not release nine studio albums, but instead he released six.

refinement: He released six studio albums and is still releasing singles and albums.

answer: Enfroy is active in the music industry, having released several studio albums and singles. He is best known for his fifth studio album, Crossroads, which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard New Age Albums Chart in August 2016.

answer: There is no information about how he did.

text: This response is inaccurate because the passage does show how active Enfroy was in the music industry.

refinement: Enfroy was active in the music industry as he has created several studio albums and singles.

answer: His discorgraphy shows that the released several works from 2008 to 2012, then stopped for a while before releasing a new work in 2016, and lastly, he released new content in 2019 and 2020.

answer: Enfroy is active in the music industry. He has released several studio albums and is considered a composer, songwriter, and producer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What kind of music does Enfroy create?

answer: His music is described as 'cinematic piano' for being score-like, piano-driven pieces.

answer: Enfroy creates cinematic piano music.

answer: His music is described as "cinematic piano" soundtracks due to the music's piano-driven nature.

answer: It is described as "cinematic piano" - it is score-like and piano-driven.

answer: Enfroy creates cinematic piano music.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How did Enfroy get started with music?

answer: He was born into a family who loved music -his grandfather is a songwriter, Bradley Kincaid.

answer: Enfroy is a composer and producer who was born into a musical family. His grandfather, Bradley Kincaid, was a radio entertainer and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee. His debut album, _Unbounded_, was recognized with the Zone Music Reporter award for Best Neo-Classical Album.

answer: His family is musically oriented and he released his first album, "Unbounded", in 2008.

answer: Enfroy is a composer and producer who was born into a musical family. His grandfather was a radio entertainer and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee. Enfroy's debut album, "Unbounded", earned the Zone Music Reporter Lifestyle Music Award for Best Neo-Classical Album of the Year in 2008.

answer: He was born into a musical family - his grandfather (Bradley Kincaid, a.k.a. The Kentucky Mountain Boy) is an accomplished entertainer and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee.


text:
[Littlejohn in 1978] JOHN WESLEY FUNCHESS (April 16, 1931 – February 1, 1994)[1] known professionally as JOHN (OR JOHNNY) LITTLEJOHN, was an American electric blues slide guitarist.[2] He was active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s.[3]

Biography

Born in Lake, Mississippi, Littlejohn first learned to play the blues from Henry Martin, a friend of his father's. In 1946 he left home and traveled widely, spending time in Jackson, Mississippi; Arkansas; Rochester, New York; and Gary, Indiana.[4] He settled in Gary in 1951, playing whenever possible in the nearby Chicago area. Through his connections in Gary, he was acquainted with Joe Jackson, the patriarch of the musical Jackson family, and Littlejohn and his band reputedly served as an occasional rehearsal band for the Jackson 5 in the mid- to late 1960s.

Littlejohn played regularly in Chicago clubs (he was filmed by drummer Sam Lay playing with Howlin' Wolf's band about 1961) but did not make any studio recordings until 1966, when he cut singles for several record labels.[5] Later that year he recorded an album for Arhoolie Records and four songs for Chess Records. The Chess tracks were not issued at the time.[6]

He recorded a few singles for small local labels but did not record another album until 1985, when Rooster Blues issued _So-Called Friends_. Soon after, he fell into ill health. He died of renal failure in Chicago, on February 1, 1994, at the age of 62.[7][8]

Discography

Albums

-   _Chicago Blues Stars_ (Arhoolie Records, 1969)
-   _Funky From Chicago_ (BluesWay, 1973)
-   _Dream_ (MCM, 1977)
-   _Sweet Little Angel_ (Black & Blue, 1978)
-   _Blues Show! Live At The Pit Inn_ (P-Vine, 1982; co-featuring Carey Bell)
-   _So-Called Friends_ (Rooster Blues, 1985)
-   _John Littlejohn's Blues Party_ (Wolf Records, 1989)
-   _When Your Best Friend Turns His Back On You_ (JSP Records, 1989)
-   _Dream_ (Storyville Records, 1995; recorded live in 1976)
-   _Sweet Little Angel_ (Black And Blue Records, 2006)

Compilation albums

-   _Slidin_' (Chess Records, 1991, with Elmore James and Hound Dog Taylor)

Singles

-   “Kitty O” / “Johnny's Jive” (Margaret Records, 1966)
-   “What In The World (You Gonna Do)” / “Can't Be Still” (Terrell Records, 1966)
-   “Father Popcorn (just Got To Town)” (T-S-D Records, 1968, backed by “I Am Back Home” by Bo Dud and Johnny Twist)
-   “29 Ways” / “I Need Lovin'” (T-S-D Records, 1968)
-   “Dream/Catfish Blues” (Joliet Records, 1968)
-   “Shake Your Moneymaker” (Love Records, 1970)
-   “She's 19 Years Old” / “I Wanna Go Home” (Ace Records, 1975)
-   “Poor Man's Blues” (Full Scope Records, 1980)
-   “Bloody Tears” / “Just Got In Town” (Weis Records)

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: John Littlejohn

question: What was John Littlejohn's given name?

answer: John Wesley Fuchness

answer: John Littlejohn's given name was John Wesley Funchess.

answer: John Wesley Funchess.

answer: John Wesley Funchess.

question: When was John Littlejohn born?

answer: April 16 1931.

answer: John Littlejohn was born in 1931.

text: Could include the month and day

refinement: John Littlejohn was born on April 16, 1931.

answer: April 16, 1931

answer: John Littlejohn was born in 1931.

text: Could include the month and day

refinement: John Littlejohn was born on April 16, 1931.

question: What did John Littlejohn do?

answer: He was an American electric blues slide guitarist.

answer: He was an American electric blues slide guitarist.

answer: Littlejohn was an American electric blues slide guitarist.

answer: John Littlejohn was an American electric blues slide guitarist. He played regularly in Chicago clubs and recorded several singles and albums throughout his career.

question: Where was John Littlejohn born?

answer: John Littlejohn was born in Lake, Mississippi.

answer: Lake, Mississippi.

answer: Lake, Mississippi.

answer: Lake, Mississippi

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: John Littlejohn was a blues slide guitarist active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s. He recorded several singles and one album before his death in 1994.

text: He recorded multiple albums

refinement: John Littlejohn was a blues slide guitarist active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s. He recorded several singles and multiple albums before his death in 1994.

answer: This article is about John Littlejohn, an American electric blues slide guitarist.

answer: This article is about John Littlejohn, an American blues musician from the 20th century.

text: Give the instrument he plays

refinement: This article is about John Littlejohn, an American electric blues slide guitarist from the 20th century.

answer: John Littlejohn was an American electric blues slide guitarist. He was active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s.


text:
The tears of the woods

Like every Sunday, the woods were waiting for the man and the child. It was during this time of the year that the hikes of the pair became more regular. You could see them climb up the path early in the morning, when the sun behind the mountain barely managed to filter through the golden trees, which had already started to lose their leaves. Or later in the afternoon, when the light flooded the mountain with a red more intense than the color of the few remaining maple leaves playing hide and seek among the oaks.

Only a couple of the older trees, over there, in the tangle of the interiors, remembered perhaps the first time that a man of that family had come up this way. The man was walking and touching the trees and brushing his feet to make the leaves squeak and fly, creating odd effects with the lights and swirls with the help of the wind. After a few years of lonely walks, the man had started to come together with a child. The two of them walked, the child holding the man’s hand at first, slowly and painfully; then with increased agility as the years passed. And the man was showing the boy the leaves, and calling the names of the trees, pointing at the birds, telling stories of witches and dragons that had long ago lived in those woods, and that maybe – who could deny this with certainty? – were still hiding there, appearing only to those who were afraid.

When autumn arrived, the pair gave the impression to choose the paths where the leaves on the ground were plentiful. And the cracking noise made by their joyful and purposeful stomping filled the terse air.

The years passed, and that first man had time to become old, his beard white, while the boy became a man. But they kept on walking together up these woods, sometimes silent, sometimes playing the fallen leaves as an instrument, with their feet. Then, one day, the man who had been a boy came on his own, without the old man. Still, he followed the same paths, caressing the old barks, following the plants’ scents…until a new boy appeared with the man, holding hands, up the same roads. And the woods were listening to the man telling the boy the same stories of dragons and witches. And in the rapt eyes of the boy, the woods felt as if they were young again: every bark was new, every leaf a symbol of knights of old lineages fighting for princesses; and every broken twig a sword strong enough to defeat monsters.

And so it went, for years and years: until the boys became man, the men grew old, and the new men showed up on the paths alone again. And new boys appeared next to the new men, with new stories of dragons and knights, in a cycle whose length the woods could not quantify, but that it had become an important part of its seasons.

And today the woods are waiting: the man and the boy didn’t come last week, and the woods are trying to retain their colored leaves as long as possible, so that they can cast their shadow over the path of the pair, and fabricate wonder in the mind of the boy, swirling down touching his golden hair.

And here is the footstep of the man, and the woods move their fronds with delight. But a quiver comes to ruin the joy. The woods cannot hear the footsteps of the boy: perhaps the man has him on his shoulders?

The wind brings the news from the valley floor, up until the trees that are waiting on the mountain peak: *the man is alone*. The first trees already saw him coming: he walks curved, as if in his backpack a heavy ballast of years yet to live had suddenly accumulated. But the boy is not with him.

The woods are angry: where is the boy who should have been accompanying the man for many years to come, to learn the secrets of these trees, to make sure that the story of invincible dragons didn’t dry out, forgotten, as dead leaf at the end of November?

And yet the man *is* walking alone. And he doesn’t stop to caress the old barks; nor does he stir up the dead leaves that the woods had purposely hastened this morning to shake from the trees’ branches, to please the boy.

The man pushes forward. His beard is long, gray like the hair on a muzzle of an old dog, his hat down on his forehead. He doesn’t pay attention to the sky veiled by the leaves, nor does he care about the tunnels of lights that reach the floor. And he doesn’t explain to the woods why he is alone.

Suddenly, fast clouds come to darken the sky and the wind shakes the branches of the trees rabidly, as if the woods had called upon the wind’s aid to punish the man for his solitude. The tenderness that the wind had used in the past, to make sure that the boy stopped in awe at the sight of a rain of yellow and red and orange is gone.

Maliciously, the wind channels down the path, cold, running over the man with strength, tearing away branches, throwing them at him. And yet the man keeps on going, head down. Tears seem to obscure his vision, perhaps caused by the strong wind; but the wind is too enraged to even notice.

And the trees of the woods keep on asking loudly *where is the boy? Who will we tell our stories of dragons?* But the man – who had always been able to talk the language of the woods – does not answer. He continues to walk, even now that the rain manages to pass through the branches and hits the ground with a noisy clatter.

A sudden strong noise (a broken branch hitting the ground? One of those monsters that his dead father used to talk about?) forces the man to look for shelter.  Away from the path, he sits down with his back against a huge oak, covered by the thick branches that create a cone of quietude against the impending storm.

And it seems as if the oak is trying to pull its branches closer to stop the rain from hitting the man, as if the rage of the woods had suddenly morphed into compassion. While the man lies there, leaning with his eyes closed. Is he asleep? Or is he intent in listening to the tears of the woods for his lost boy?

title: The tears of the woods - first story here

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the son's absence?

answer: The story is about how the man and the son walked different places and how the woods got used to them over the years. Then came the day when the son did not come, prompting the woods to ask where the boy was. The woods were angry when the man didn't know what to say to them. A few weeks had gone by and the woods lamented the absence of the boy, as they felt they had lost their golden time. The woods asked the man where the boy was, but the man did not have an answer.

text: Repetition adds no value

refinement: The story is about how the man and the son walked different places and how the woods got used to them over the years. Then came the day when the son did not come, prompting the woods to ask where the boy was. The woods were angry when the man didn't know what to say to them.

answer: The father goes for a jog in the woods. Ultimately, he gets lost in his thoughts and ends up forgetting his son. The boy is either dead or lost.

text: This is inaccurate

refinement: The story is about how the man and the son walked through the woods every week, discussing dragons and nights. The woods got used to them over the years. Then came the day when the son did not come, prompting the woods to ask where the boy was. The woods were angry when the man didn't know what to say to them.

answer: The story implies that the son is missing because he has died. The man walks alone through the woods and does not touch or interact with the trees as he used to. The environment reacts with aggression, as if to express its anger and sadness at the condition of the man's son. The man does not respond to this assault through either words or actions.

answer: Last week, the boy and his father did not come for their usual walk in the woods, and today the man has come alone, without his son. He seems to be older, possibly grieved, implying the son has died. The woods and wind are initially outraged by the absence and lash out against the father, but eventually see his distress and treat him with compassion.

answer: The son is not with the man, and this absence is upsetting to the woods. The man does not seem to be particularly concerned about the boy's absence, and the woods are showing their anger and disappointment by directing the wind to escalate the elements around him.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the language of the woods?

answer: The language of the woods is one that is able to communicate with both man and boy, expressing sorrow at the absence of the boy, who is gone from these woods. The woods are able to express caring, anger, and compassion, despite the fact that human language is not their native language.

text: This could include something about working with the wind to communicate.

refinement: The language of the woods is one that is able to communicate with both man and boy, expressing sorrow at the absence of the boy, who is gone from these woods. The woods are able to express caring, anger, and compassion, through interaction with the wind.

answer: The story personifies the woods, along with the surrounding winds and mountains, so that their natural cycles are partly conscious acts. The woods seem to communicate with movement and sensation, sensing the presence of people and offering joys of nature for the boys, such as leaves dancing in the wind.

answer: The story suggests that the woods use their beauty and sounds to speak to people, especially children, and to teach them about dragons and other fantastical beings. They provide solace, comfort and respite for anyone who visits them. The woods reacted with rage when the man entered alone and without the boy, indicating their disappointment and sadness. The language of the woods, then, lies in the beauty of trees and their sounds as they tell stories of ancient creatures.

answer: The author says that the man is able to speak the language of the woods and he uses this language to teach the forest about the stories he's witnessed such as dragons, witches and knights. It also says that the woods learn to care for he woods and the boy as part of their cycle.

text: poorly structured

refinement: The author says that the man is able to speak the language of the woods and he uses this language to teach the forest about the stories he's witnessed such as dragons, witches, and knights. The woods learn to care for the boys so that when the last boy doesn't arrive they try to retain their pretty leaves so that they can enchant the boy with dappled sunlight and falling leaves..

text: Clumsy sentence structure

refinement: The man can speak the language of the woods. He uses this language to tell the forest stories of dragons, witches, and knights. The woods learn to care for the boys so that when the last boy doesn't arrive they try to retain their pretty leaves so that they can enchant the boy with dappled sunlight and falling leaves.

answer: The woods have communication with men and boys living in the woods using their leaves that the men, who grew older, leave footprints to follow. The men, who grew old, left footprints communicating with the woods to show them the route they need to be careful of when stepping on branches. A forest can tell you if a certain path fascinates it because a clean light is bright when you are walking through it. The wind can also talk to you.

text: Inaccurate and incoherent

refinement: The story suggests that the woods use their beauty and sounds to speak to people, especially children, and to teach them about dragons and other fantastical beings. They provide solace, comfort and respite for anyone who visits them. The woods reacted with rage when the man entered alone and without the boy, indicating their disappointment and sadness. The language of the woods, then, lies in the beauty of trees and their sounds as they tell stories of ancient creatures.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about family?

answer: No answer

text: No answer

refinement: Generations of men in the same family walk these woods throughout their lifetimes, fathers bringing their sons along from childhood to adulthood until the child is the man, at first alone and then a father himself with a new boy to walk through the woods. The story emphasizes how one generation passes rituals and stories to the next and how the loss of a family member can break the tradition.

answer: The story mainly illustrates the importance of family in the woods. The man walks with a child in order to share the natural beauty around them. The woods lament the loss of the boy specifically because he is the one that connects the man with nature. The woods want to protect the man and provide him with solace but must unfortunately do so without the boy at his side. Thus, the story ultimately shows that family is essential in protecting those that connect us to our natural surroundings.

text: This answer misses the point which is generational relevance of passing stories and habits such as the appreciation of nature from one generation to the next.

refinement: Generations of men in the same family walk these woods throughout their lifetimes, fathers bringing their sons along from childhood to adulthood until the child is the man, at first alone and then a father himself with a new boy to walk through the woods. The story emphasizes how one generation passes rituals and stories to the next and how the loss of a family member can break the tradition.

answer: The story expresses how important family is. The man and the boy walk in the woods every Sunday and share adventures and stories with each other. When the boy doesn't show up, the woods seem to be angry and the man is sad. The woods see the boy as someone who could carry on the tradition of enjoying the woods together. The man seems to cherish the time he spends with the boy, and the woods are worried now that the boy is gone. This shows that the man values family very deeply.

answer:
The narrator observes the rituals of a father and son hiking the woods every Sunday. It started with an old man when the father was young, and the boy was still a child. The boy's body generally grows older and his stories change whereas the father's body grows old and his stories retain a similar feeling.

A few years later, the boy is on his own with a new boy, and a man picks up the rituals of the old man. This occurs consistently until the narrator notes that there is an year without father and son hiking the woods. The narrator suggests that the man has chosen to hike alone.

text: This sentence doesn't make much sense.

refinement:
The narrator observes the rituals of a father and son hiking the woods every Sunday. It started with an old man when the father was young, and the boy was still a child.

A few years later, the boy is on his own with a new boy, and a man picks up the rituals of the old man. This occurs consistently until the narrator notes that there is an year without father and son hiking the woods. The narrator suggests that the man has chosen to hike alone.

text: Contradictory information

refinement:
The narrator observes the rituals of a father and son hiking the woods every Sunday.

A few years later, the boy is on his own with a new boy, and a man picks up the rituals of the old man. This occurs consistently until the narrator notes that there is an year without father and son hiking the woods. The narrator suggests that the man has chosen to hike alone.

text: There is no such suggestion

refinement:
The narrator observes the rituals of a father and son hiking the woods every Sunday.

A few years later, the boy is on his own with a new boy, and a man picks up the rituals of the old man. This occurs consistently until the narrator notes that there is a year without father and son hiking the woods.

text: This isn't very clear

refinement:
The narrator observes the rituals of a father and son hiking the woods every Sunday.
A few years later, the boy is on his own with a new boy, and a man picks up the rituals of the old man. Generations of men in the same family walk these woods throughout their lifetimes, fathers bringing their sons along from childhood to adulthood until the child is the man, at first alone and then a father himself with a new boy to walk through the woods. The story emphasizes how one generation passes rituals and stories to the next and how the loss of a family member can break the tradition.

answer: Generations of men in the same family walk these woods throughout their lifetimes, fathers bringing their sons along from childhood to adulthood, until the child is the man, at first alone and then a father himself with a new boy to walk through the woods.

text: The answer fails to draw a conclusion

refinement: Generations of men in the same family walk these woods throughout their lifetimes, fathers bringing their sons along from childhood to adulthood until the child is the man, at first alone and then a father himself with a new boy to walk through the woods. The story emphasizes how one generation passes rituals and stories to the next and how the loss of a family member can break the tradition.