text:
He came around, blood dripping from a halo of dyed black hair, and the first thing his mother asked was if he had seen God.

“Did you see him boy? Did you see our Holy Father? I bet he gave you a talking to!” she yelled over the sound of the siren.

The ambulance hit a bump on the road, almost concealing the slight shake of his head that she didn’t notice. He tried to sit up but I gently pushed him down and told him to relax, while I redressed the bandages around his head. I watched his gaze travel to the landscape beyond the window glass that flashed between black and scorching red. His eyes seemed empty, hollow, like a dead man’s. He should be dead – that’s what a bullet to the head does, right?

“You’re a fool, you deserve to go to hell for this,” his mother said. Her nervous eyes glanced back and forth and a silver cross hung from a chain around her neck. She began ruffling through the pages of the bible that she had wasted precious to run and get before letting the ambulance leave. Stray verses and words were mumbled to no one in particular.

He didn’t look at her, or at me, or at the barely noticeable bloodstains in his black tee shirt. He just kept looking outside.

“So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,” the woman continued unceasingly.

“Ma’am…” I said softly, but she ignored me.

“You’ll end up in a gutter somewhere with no one but God one day, and you better hope he sees a prodigal son in you,” she said.

His lips moved but no sound came out. He kept his eyes averted, straight out of that window. He tried again, and this time I held up a hand to quiet his mother, who finally took the hint that he had something to say. The first noise was a rough cough, but then words came, barely audible over the wail of the siren.

“There is no God… no God,” he said.

His mother, for the first time that night, appeared speechless, but only for a moment.

“Of course there is, don’t be stupid.”

“No.” He was more forceful the second time. “First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.”

That time she was struck dumb for real. He took advantage and kept going, his voice getting stronger with each word.

“I looked into the face of Death and saw him for who he is. There were no skulls or sickles, just… his eyes, they…” The boy broke off, unable to describe his vision, although his own eyes showed it all, even as they gazed beyond what the rest of us could see. Neither his mother nor I spoke until he went on.

“He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back.”

Silence filled the ambulance, and it took me several minutes to realize I had duties to perform, and quickly began running checks and applying fresh bandages. As I checked his blood pressure, he looked at me, and I saw that something had filled in those empty eyes. I knew it and he knew it; he was going to be okay.

title: Ambulance

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What happened to the boy in the ambulance?

answer: The boy was shot in the head and was brought to the ambulance for medical care. He tells his mother there is no God and describes meeting Death, who asked him why he deserved a second chance. The boy tells Death he wanted to die and was sent back into the world. After this experience, the boy's eyes have started to fill with life.

text: The boy wasn't shot in the head. He tried to commit suicide.

refinement: The boy shot himself in the head and was brought to the ambulance for medical care. He tells his mother there is no God and describes meeting Death, who asked him why he deserved a second chance. The boy tells Death he wanted to die and was sent back into the world. After this experience, the boy's eyes have started to fill with life.

text: No God: "'There is no God… no God,' he said."

text: Death: "I looked into the face of Death and saw him for who he is."

text: Talk with Death: "'He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back.'"

text: Back to life: "As I checked his blood pressure, he looked at me, and I saw that something had filled in those empty eyes. I knew it and he knew it; he was going to be okay."

answer: He shot himself in the head.

text: The guy didn't shoot himself inside the ambulance. He was in the ambulance for medical care.

refinement: He shot himself in the head and was being carried in an ambulance.

text: The answer should talk about what happened in the ambulance. That's what the question asks.

refinement: He shot himself in the head and was being carried in an ambulance. While his mother chastised him, he managed to speak to say he didn't see God but Death. Death asked him why he deserved a second chance, and he told him that he committed suicide and wanted to die. Death told him he had to learn how to live first before he could die and sent him back. The narrator saw his eyes fill with life after he talked about his near-death experience.

answer: He shot himself in the head.

text: The guy didn't shoot himself inside the ambulance. He was in the ambulance for medical care.

refinement: He shot himself in the head and was being carried in an ambulance.

text: The answer should talk about what happened in the ambulance. That's what the question asks.

refinement: He shot himself in the head and was being carried in an ambulance. While his mother chastised him, he managed to speak to say he didn't see God but Death. Death asked him why he deserved a second chance, and he told him that he committed suicide and wanted to die. Death told him he had to learn how to live first before he could die and sent him back. The narrator saw his eyes fill with life after he talked about his near-death experience.

answer: The boy was shot in the head and killed by his mother after confessing to his parents he had killed himself, but the boy miraculously survived.

text: The answer is nonsensical and wrong.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: He shot himself in the head and was being carried in an ambulance. While his mother chastised him, he managed to speak to say he didn't see God but Death. Death asked him why he deserved a second chance, and he told him that he committed suicide and wanted to die. Death told him he had to learn how to live first before he could die and sent him back. The narrator saw his eyes fill with life after he talked about his near-death experience.

answer: The boy suffered a gunshot wound to the head, but survived. While en-route to the hospital, his mother bombarded him with questions about what happened while he was unconscious. The boy explained that while he was unconscious he saw death and experienced emptiness. Death asked him why he should give him a second chance. After considering the question the boy realized he shouldn't give up and decided he wanted to live. Upon waking up, he realized there was something filling in those empty eyes. He realized he was going to be okay.

text: The boy shot himself.

refinement: The boy shot himself in the head but survived. While en-route to the hospital, his mother bombarded him with questions about what happened while he was unconscious. The boy explained that while he was unconscious he saw death and experienced emptiness. Death asked him why he should give him a second chance. After considering the question the boy realized he shouldn't give up and decided he wanted to live. Upon waking up, he realized there was something filling in those empty eyes. He realized he was going to be okay.

text: The boy didn't realize he wanted to live. He said he wanted to die but was told he couldn't die until he learned how to live.

refinement: The boy shot himself in the head but survived. While en-route to the hospital, his mother bombarded him with questions about what happened while he was unconscious. The boy explained that while he was unconscious he saw death and experienced emptiness. Death asked him why he should give him a second chance. He told Death that he wanted to die, but Death told him he had to learn how to live before he could die and sent him back. Upon waking up, he realized there was something filling in those empty eyes. He realized he was going to be okay.

text: The boy's eyes have life in them, but it's the narrator who sees this and knows alongside him that he will be OK. Also, didn't sleep.

refinement: The boy shot himself in the head but survived. While en-route to the hospital, his mother bombarded him with questions about what happened while he was unconscious. The boy explained that while he was unconscious he saw death and experienced emptiness. Death asked him why he should give him a second chance. He told Death that he wanted to die, but Death told him he had to learn how to live before he could die and sent him back. The narrator saw something fill the boy's eyes, and both of them knew that he'd be OK.

text: "En route" has a hyphen it shouldn't have.

refinement: The boy shot himself in the head but survived. While en route to the hospital, his mother bombarded him with questions about what happened while he was unconscious. The boy explained that while he was unconscious he saw death and experienced emptiness. Death asked him why he should give him a second chance. He told Death that he wanted to die, but Death told him he had to learn how to live before he could die and sent him back. The narrator saw something fill the boy's eyes, and both of them knew he'd be OK.

text: Death: "I looked into the face of Death and saw him for who he is."

text: Talk with Death: "'He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back.'"

text: Back to life: "As I checked his blood pressure, he looked at me, and I saw that something had filled in those empty eyes. I knew it and he knew it; he was going to be okay."

text: Mother's questions: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the boy's mother concerned with?

answer: She thinks her boy committed the ultimate sin, and is bound for hell. She thinks her boy has done critical wrong in the eyes of God.

text: Comma misuse.

refinement: She thinks her boy committed the ultimate sin and is bound for hell. She thinks her boy has done critical wrong in the eyes of God.

text: Mother's questions: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

answer: With making sure that he sees God and is reprimanded for attempting suicide.

text: She's not trying to make him see God. She asks whether he saw Him. She just reprimands him for committing a holy sin.

refinement: Making sure that he is reprimanded for attempting suicide.

text: Mother's questions: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

answer: The boy's mother is concerned with the boy seeing God during his near-death experience. She is concerned that the boy may have seen a vision of Hell and that he would end up damned. However, the boy tells her that there is no God and that he told Death that he wanted to die. Death accepted this and sent him back to live. This changes her perception and leads to concerns over the boy's mental state.

text: The answer details irrelevant parts of the story without really answering the question.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: She thinks her boy committed the ultimate sin and is bound for hell. She thinks her boy has done critical wrong in the eyes of God.

answer: She thinks that she should have locked her son up in a monastery instead of letting him do whatever he wants. She thinks he is going to be going to hell for suicide.

text: The monastery part is completely made up.

refinement: She thinks he is going to be going to hell for suicide.

text: Mother's questions: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

answer: The boy's mother is concerned that he saw God and is worried about the ramifications for his soul. She is worried that he will be condemned to hell. However, the boy assures her that there is no God - that there was only death. This revelation horrifies the mother, but the boy manages to fill his empty eyes with something - with life, or hope, or something else entirely.

text: The boy's talk about Death and the subsequent events are irrelevant to the question.

refinement: The boy's mother is concerned that he saw God and is worried about the ramifications for his soul. She is worried that he will be condemned to hell.

text: His mother's worry is due to him committing suicide, not that he saw God.

refinement: The boy's mother is concerned that he committed suicide and is worried about the ramifications for his soul. She is worried that he will be condemned to hell.

text: Mother's questions: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the boy say about God?

answer: The boy says that there is no God, that he looked into Death's eyes and saw there was only darkness. Death told him that he needed to learn to live before he could die.

text: Death's reply is irrelevant.

refinement: The boy says that there is no God, that he looked into Death's eyes and saw there was only darkness.

text: The darkness wasn't in Death's eyes. Death was in darkness.

refinement: The boy says that there is no God, that there was only darkness and Death, whose eyes he looked into.

text: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

answer: He tells his mother there is no God. He has looked into the face of Death, and God is not who people think he is.

text: The confusion about God is incorrect, that's not what he said.

refinement: He tells his mother there is no God. He has looked into the face of Death.

text: He saw only darkness before looking Death in the face.

refinement: He tells his mother there is no God. There was only darkness before he looked into the face of Death.

text: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

answer: The boy says that there is no God. He describes a vision of Death and says that their interaction made him realize that there is no God. Death told him that he must learn to live before he can die, and the boy saw that something had filled in the empty space where God had been before.

text: The interaction doesn't cause any realization in him.

refinement: The boy says that there is no God. Death told him that he must learn to live before he can die, and the boy saw that something had filled in the empty space where God had been before.

text: Death's reply is irrelevant.

refinement: The boy says that there is no God. The boy saw that something had filled in the empty space where God had been before.

text: There wasn't anything that filled the emptiness of God.

text: He said there was only darkness and Death.

refinement: The boy says that there is no God; there is only darkness and Death.

text: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

answer: He says there is no God. That he first felt pain, then saw darkness, but did not see God. Only death.

text: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

answer: According to the boy, there is no God.

text: He also says there was only darkness and Death.

refinement: According to the boy, there is no God. He says he only saw darkness and Death.

text: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What did Death say to the boy?

answer: Death told the boy that he had to learn how to live before he could die.

text: Death first asked him why he deserved a second chance, for which he replied that he wanted to die.

refinement: Death asked him why he deserved a second chance, and he said he wanted to die. Then, Death told the boy that he had to learn how to live before he could die.

text: Death's reply: "He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

answer: The boy described Death as looking into his eyes and asking him why he deserved a second chance. Death told the boy he had to learn to live before he could die.

text: Death's comment about learning to live comes after the boy says he wanted to die.

refinement: The boy described Death as looking into his eyes and asking him why he deserved a second chance. After he said he wanted to die, Death told the boy he had to learn to live before he could die.

text: Talk with Death: "He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

answer: The boy looked into Death's eyes, and Death asked the boy why he deserved a second chance. When they boy said he wanted to die, Death sent him back to life, saying he had to learn to live before he could die.

text: Talk with Death: "He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

answer: The boy said that Death asked him why he deserved a second chance.

text: The answer is missing the most important parts of the dialogue with Death.

refinement: The boy said that Death asked him why he deserved a second chance. The boy replied that he wanted to die. Then, Death said he had to learn to live before he could die.

text: Talk with Death: "He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

answer: "I asked him the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

text: The boy isn't the one who asked the question. Thus, the quote is misleading.

refinement: "He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

text: Talk with Death: "He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back."

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: An injured boy wakes up on an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death, before concluding that he's going to be okay. He has found something inside himself to live for.

text: It's not the boy who concludes he will be ok. It's the narrator.

refinement: An injured boy wakes up on an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death. The narrator realizes he found something in him to live for.

text: He wakes in an ambulance, not on.

refinement: An injured boy wakes up in an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death. The narrator realizes he found something in him to live for.

text: The answer should mention the content of the talk with Death.

refinement: An injured boy wakes up in an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death, who told him that he had to learn how to live before he could die. The narrator realizes he found something in him to live for.

text: Screaming mother: "'Did you see him boy? Did you see our Holy Father? I bet he gave you a talking to!' she yelled over the sound of the siren."

text: Suicide: "'So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,' the woman continued unceasingly."

text: No God, only Death: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

text: He'll be OK: "As I checked his blood pressure, he looked at me, and I saw that something had filled in those empty eyes. I knew it and he knew it; he was going to be okay."

answer: The ambulance screeches to a halt and one of the attendants rushes in to attend to an injured man on the stretcher, who has a halo of black hair and blood? dripping down. The man is staring at the smoldering sky outside and his mother rattles on about God's sins and his second chance in Heaven. The mother is soon quieted and the man speaks up. He talks about how he spoke to Death and only saw the complete nothingness that Death is. Then comes the utter incontrovertible truth.

text: The answer is made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: An injured boy wakes up in an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death, who told him that he had to learn how to live before he could die. The narrator realizes he found something in him to live for.

answer: The boy tries to hurt himself because he thinks death is better than life and he does not believe in God. His mother gets angry at the boy and wants him to see God. The boy says there is no God when in reality he is looking death eye-to-eye. The boy survives whatever he tried to do to himself and everything happens as if God was there. Read the entire story on which bitsonering's website.

text: Most of the answer is nonsensical or made up.

text: There's no answer.

refinement: An injured boy wakes up in an ambulance with his mother screaming over the siren noises. The boy has recently attempted suicide. He tells her there is no God and describes his vision of Death, who told him that he had to learn how to live before he could die. The narrator realizes he found something in him to live for.

answer: An ambulance races down the road as a boy covered in blood emerges from the darkness of a near-fatal injury. The boy's mother interrogates him about whether or not he has seen God. The boy insists that there is no God- only death. He tells the story of his near-death experience with death, and how death urged him to learn how to live. The boy seems to have changed after the experience, and appears to be okay.

text: The boy is already in the ambulance at the start.

refinement: An ambulance races down the road as a boy covered in blood comes to his senses. The boy's mother interrogates him about whether or not he has seen God. The boy insists that there is no God- only death. He tells the story of his near-death experience with death, and how death urged him to learn how to live. The boy seems to have changed after the experience, and appears to be okay.

text: the answer should mention the boy committed suicide.

refinement: An ambulance races down the road as a boy covered in blood after his suicide attempt comes to his senses. The boy's mother interrogates him about whether or not he has seen God. The boy insists that there is no God- only death. He tells the story of his near-death experience with death, and how death urged him to learn how to live. The boy seems to have changed after the experience, and appears to be okay.

text: The question asks for four sentences. The answer can be consolidated.

refinement: An ambulance races down the road as a boy covered in blood after his suicide attempt comes to his senses, and the boy's mother interrogates him about whether or not he has seen God. The boy insists that there is no God- only death. He tells the story of his near-death experience with death, and how death urged him to learn how to live. The boy seems to have changed after the experience, and appears to be okay.

text: Seeing God, suicide: "“So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,” the woman continued unceasingly."

text: No God, only Death: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

text: Talk with Death: "'He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back.'"

text: He'll be OK: "I saw that something had filled in those empty eyes. I knew it and he knew it; he was going to be okay."

answer: A boy is in an ambulance with a severe head wound after he shot himself. His mother is next to him, scolding him for committing a grave sin in front of God. The boy retorts and says there is no God, he saw only the eyes of Death. Death sent the boy back to the living world, telling the boy he had to learn how to live before he could die, despite the boy attempting suicide.

text: The answer should mention that the bok seems like he'll be OK instead of mentioning his suicide again.

refinement: A boy is in an ambulance with a severe head wound after he shot himself. His mother is next to him, scolding him for committing a grave sin in front of God. The boy retorts and says there is no God, he saw only the eyes of Death. Death sent the boy back to the living world, telling the boy he had to learn how to live before he could die; the narrator realizes the boy will be OK.

text: Seeing God, suicide, scolding: "“So what did God say to you? Did he give you a glimpse of Hell? Suicide is a holy sin, you know that,” the woman continued unceasingly."

text: No God, only Death: "He was more forceful the second time. 'First there was pain, then darkness, but there was no God, no heavenly lights or flaming depths. There was only Death.'"

text: Talk with Death: "'He asked me the same question he asks every person who comes to him; why did I deserve a second chance? What made me so special? I told him I wanted to die, that I did this on purpose. He looked at me with those eyes and told me I had to learn to live before I could die, and he sent me back.'"


split: train

text:
The American Medical Association is suing North Dakota to block two abortion-related laws, the latest signal the doctors’ group is shifting to a more aggressive stance as the Donald Trump administration and state conservatives ratchet up efforts to eliminate legal abortion.

The group, which represents all types of physicians in the U.S., has tended to stay on the sidelines of many controversial social issues, which, until recently, included abortion and contraception. Instead, it has focused on legislation affecting the practice and finances of large swaths of its membership.

But, says AMA President Patrice Harris, the organization feels that, in light of new state laws in the U.S. that would force doctors who perform abortions to lie to patients—put “physicians in a place where we are required by law to commit an ethical violation”—it has no choice but to take a stand. One of these laws, set to take effect Aug. 1, requires physicians in North Dakota to tell patients that medication abortions—a procedure involving two drugs taken at different times—can be reversed. The AMA said that is “a patently false and unproven claim unsupported by scientific evidence.” North Dakota is one of several states to pass such a measure.

The AMA, along with the last remaining abortion clinic in North Dakota, is also challenging an existing state law requiring doctors to tell pregnant women that an abortion terminates “the life of a whole, separate, unique, living human being.” The AMA argues in a statement on the lawsuit that law “unconstitutionally forces physicians to act as the mouthpiece of the state.”

It’s the second time this year the AMA has taken legal action on an abortion-related issue. In March, the group filed a lawsuit in Oregon in response to the Trump administration’s new rules for the federal family planning program. Those rules would, among other things, ban doctors and other health professionals from referring pregnant patients for abortions.

“The Administration is putting physicians in an untenable situation, prohibiting us from having open, frank conversations with our patients about all their health care options—a violation of patients’ rights under the [AMA’s] Code of Medical Ethics,” wrote then-AMA President Barbara McAneny.

It’s an unusually assertive stance for a group that has taken multiple positions on abortion-related issues over the years.

Mary Ziegler, a law professor at Florida State University who has written several books about abortion, says the AMA’s history on abortion is complicated. In general, she says, the AMA “didn’t want to get into the issue because of the political fallout and because historically there have been doctors in the AMA on both sides of the issue.”

In its earliest days, the AMA led the fight to outlaw abortion in the late 1800s, as doctors wanted to assert their professionalism and clear the field of “untrained” practitioners like midwives.

Abortion was not an issue for the group in the first half of the 20th century. The AMA became best known for successful fights to fend off national health insurance. Leading up to _Roe v. Wade_, the 1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion nationwide, the AMA reentered the fray, and appeared to soften its opposition. In 1970, the AMA board called for abortion decisions to be between “a woman and her doctor.”

But the organization declined to submit a friend-of-the-court brief to the high court during its consideration of _Roe_. Then, in 1997, in a surprise move, the AMA endorsed a GOP-backed measure to ban what opponents called “partial-birth abortions,” a little-used procedure that anti-abortion forces likened to infanticide.

In recent years, the AMA has taken mostly a back seat on abortion issues, even ones that directly addressed physician autonomy, leaving the policy lead to specialty groups like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which has consistently defended doctors’ rights to practice medicine as they see fit when it comes to abortion issues.

Ziegler said it is not entirely clear why the AMA has suddenly become more outspoken on women’s reproductive issues. One reason could be that the organization’s membership is skewing younger and less conservative. This year, for the first time, the AMA’s top elected officials are all women.

One reason the organization may be moving on the issue now could be shifting public opinion on abortion. In 1997, the abortion procedure ban that the AMA endorsed “polled well and allowed abortion opponents to paint the other side as extremist,” Ziegler says.

Exactly the opposite is true today, she says: most public opinion polls show a majority of Americans want abortion to remain legal in many or most cases.

“As abortion opponents take more extreme positions”—as states pass abortion bans more sweeping than those seen at any time since _Roe v. Wade—_ “the AMA is probably a little more comfortable intervening,” Ziegler says.

Molly Duane, a lawyer from the abortion-rights legal advocacy group Center for Reproductive Rights, who is arguing the case for the AMA and North Dakota’s sole remaining abortion clinic, says the laws they’re challenging are “something all doctors should be alarmed by.… This is an unprecedented act of invading the physician-patient relationship and forcing words into the mouths of physicians.”

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_Kaiser Health News_ _(KHN) is a nonprofit news service covering health issues. It is an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation that is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente._

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CONTACT US at letters@time.com.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about AMA's stance on abortion?

answer: Initially, the AMA was reluctant to gain a voice on abortion because of the political fallout and because there were doctors in the AMA on both sides of the issue. That said, they did eventually take sides and supported national health insurance. They barely got involved when, in 2000, Bush tried to block federal funds to reproductive services providers. The AMA did not submit a friend-of-the-court brief to the highest court, who will hear the decision on Roe v. Wade in 1973.

text:
- The AMA's decision on Roe v. Wade in 1973 is not accurately portrayed in the response.
- AMA's stance in Bush years is not accurately represented in the response.

refinement: The AMA barely got involved in the abortion issue in the late 1800s when doctors (mostly male) wanted to assert their professionalism against midwives. In recent times, AMA was reluctant to gain a voice on abortion because of the political fallout and because there were doctors in the AMA on both sides of the issue. That said, they did eventually take sides and supported national health insurance.  The AMA, however, is becoming increasingly vocal especially since some states are passing sweeping laws that force medical professionals to become the state's mouthpiece.

answer: Since the earliest days, the AMA took a pro-ban stance on abortion. Although currently, the issue of abortion is not as contentious. While the AMA does not have any official stance, the members of its organization have and have supported relatively progressive policies until now.

text:
- The issue of abortion is currently contentious.
- The members of AMA still support progressive policies.

refinement: Since the earliest days (late 1800s) the AMA took a pro-ban stance on abortion. Currently, the issue of abortion is more contentious than it has ever been and most AMA members have been quick to speak out against laws that would have them become the official spokesperson of the government's political opinion as far as abortion is concerned. While the AMA does not have any official stance, the members of its organization have and have supported relatively progressive policies until now.

answer: Since the earliest days, the AMA took a pro-ban stance on the issue. The AMA’s position with regards to this issue in general until lately has been more conservative and is evidenced by their past actions. This year, however, is different as incumbent members are almost all women and the collective opinion is more progressive. The AMA is inclined to get involved in the issue and support progressive and liberal stances on abortion, as informed by its older conservative members.

text: The AMA's recent progressive stance is not informed by its older conservative members.

refinement: Since the earliest days, the AMA took a pro-ban stance on the issue. The AMA’s position with regards to this issue in general until lately has been more conservative and is evidenced by their past actions. This year, however, is different as incumbent members are almost all women and the collective opinion is more progressive. The AMA is inclined to get involved in the issue and support progressive and liberal stances on abortion, as informed by its younger and more liberal members.

answer: The AMA, who represents all types of physicians, initially wanted to stay clear of the political fallout on abortion. It opposed abortions at first but they eventually embraced it after Roe v. Wade, a legal case that legalized abortion.

text: A little bit more detail would make the response better.

refinement: The AMA, which represents all types of physicians, initially wanted to stay clear of the political fallout on abortion. It opposed abortions at first but they eventually embraced it after Roe v. Wade, a legal case that legalized abortion. In recent times, the AMA is vocal against sweeping laws that threaten to politicize abortions and make doctors the mouthpiece of the state.

answer: The AMA, who represents all types of physicians, initially wanted to stay clear of the political fallout on abortion. It opposed abortions at first but they eventually embraced it after Roe v. Wade, a case that legalized abortion. They became more vocal when ideologically conservative politicians created law forcing doctors to mislead patients and when President Trump introduced rules banning doctors from referring their patients to abortions.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about the latest laws about abortion?

answer: The American Medical Association is suing North Dakota to block two abortion-related laws: One of these laws performs to make physicians in North Dakota to tell patients that medication abortions can be reversed. The AMA feels that this law is "a patently false and unproven claim unsupported by scientific evidence." The other law prevents doctors from referring pregnant patients for abortions.

answer: The article talks about the medical team that stands against another state law that allows doctors to lie to patients about the abortion process. The state law would force physicians to force physicians to lie to patients and this would put them in a place where they would be violating ethics. The article states that the members feel that the new laws in the US will change the relationship between doctors and patients because it might not let them go on regardless. If the rules are enforced, it is suspected that avoiding the follow-up visit will allow a women to terminate the pregnancy.

text:
- The article is not about a "medical team".
- Naming the state in question would be beneficial.

refinement: The article talks about the AMA (American Medical Association) which is standing against state laws like the one in North Dakota where doctors are allowed to lie to patients about the abortion process. The state law would force physicians to lie to patients and this would put them in a place where they would be violating ethics. The article states that the members feel that the new laws in the US will change the relationship between doctors and patients because it might not let them go on regardless. If the rules are enforced, it is suspected that avoiding the follow-up visit will allow women to terminate the pregnancy.

answer: The American Medical Association is suing North Dakota to block two abortion-related laws. One of these laws requires physicians in North Dakota to tell patients that medication abortions can be reversed. The AMA feels that this law is "a patently false and unproven claim unsupported by scientific evidence." The other law prevents doctors from referring pregnant patients for abortions.

answer: The American Medical Association is challenging the North Dakota laws that force doctors to tell patients who have undergone an abortion that the injection can be reversed. They also are challenging a similar law that says women aren't told they are terminating a human being. One law tells doctors to tell women an abortion terminates a living human being. Another requires doctors to tell patients who have had abortions or attempted abortions that the injection can be reversed.

text: The second sentence contradicts the who response.

refinement: The American Medical Association is challenging the North Dakota laws that force doctors to tell patients who have undergone an abortion that the injection can be reversed. One law tells doctors to tell women an abortion terminates a living human being. Another requires doctors to tell patients who have had abortions or attempted abortions that the injection can be reversed.

answer: The American Medical Association is challenging the North Dakota laws that force doctors to tell patients who have undergone an abortion that the injection can be reversed. They also are challenging a similar law that says women aren't told they are terminating a human being.

answer: The article talks about the medical team that stands against another state law that allows doctors to lie to patients about the abortion process. The state law would force physicians to force physicians to lie to patients and this would put them in a place where they would be violating ethics. The article states that the members fear that the new laws in the US will change the relationship between doctors and patients because it will not allow them to go on regardless of relations. If the rules are enforced, it is suspected that avoiding the follow-up visit will allow a women to terminate the pregnancy.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about forced abortions?

answer: No answer

answer: No forced abortion laws are discussed in the article.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer


text:
ASTRONOMERS WITHOUT BORDERS (AWB) is a U.S.-based organization founded by Mike Simmons, dedicated to spreading astronomy throughout the world and connecting people through this universal interest. Projects include crowdfunding in developed countries to sponsor the purchase of equipment and training for people in developing countries. The group's aim is to create “goodwill and understanding” across all boundaries through the sharing of astronomy.[1]

The group was founded in 2007,[2] and achieved official tax-free status in 2009,[3] which was the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009). AWB sponsored several events that year, including The World At Night (TWAN), and assisted in the IYA2009's Global Cornerstone Project 100 Hours of Astronomy. Utilizing important historical and natural settings across the globe, The World at Night created wide-angle images of the sky, in order to show the universality of star-gazing. 100 Hours of Astronomy ran April 2–5, 2009, the goal of which was to get as many people across the world to look through optical telescopes.[4] The World at Night was the idea of Babak A. Tafreshi, the editor of Iran's _Nojum Magazine_, at the time the only astronomy magazine in the Middle East.[5]

As a followup to 100 Hours of Astronomy, the group has organized Global Astronomy Month every April since 2010.[6]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Astronomers Without Borders

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who founded the Astronomers Without Borders organization?

answer: Mike Simmons founded the Astronomers Without Borders organization. The organization aims to spread astronomy throughout the world and to connect people of all backgrounds through their shared interest in astronomy. Projects include crowdfunding to sponsor the purchase of equipment and training for people in developing countries.

answer: Mike Simmons founded the Astronomers Without Borders organization.

answer: Mike Simmons.

answer: Mike Simmons

answer: Astronomers Without Borders organization was founded by Mike Simmons.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What was the International Year of Astronomy?

answer: The International Year of Astronomy was created in 2009 to celebrate astronomy and encourage global participation. AWB sponsored several events for the year, including The World at Night and the 100 Hours of Astronomy.

answer: The International Year of Astronomy was established in 2009 to promote greater public interest in astronomy. AWB sponsored several events and activities to promote this effort, including The World at Night and Global Astronomy Month.

answer: 2009

answer: The International Year of Astronomy was 2009.

answer: An International year established by UNESCO, Mike Simmons followed its progress and believes Astronomers Without Borders attained official-tax-free status because of that year.

text: Nothing about Mike Simmon's mental state is implied regarding this in the article

refinement: The International Year of Astronomy was established in 2009 to promote greater public interest in astronomy. AWB sponsored several events and activities to promote this effort, including The World at Night and Global Astronomy Month.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who is Mike Simmons?

answer: Mike Simmons is the founder of the Astronomers Without Borders organization.

answer: He is one of the founders of the Astronomers without Borders.

answer: A United States-based organization with the aim to spread astronomy throughout the world to people in developing countries

answer: Mike Simmons is the founder of Astronomers Without Borders, a U.S.-based organization focused on spreading astronomy around the world.

answer: Mike Simmons is the founder and chairman of the United States-based organization Astronomers Without Borders.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does The World at Night do?

answer: The World at Night creates wide-angle images of the sky, in order to show the universality of star-gazing.

answer: The World at Night creates wide-angle images of the sky in order to show the universality of star-gazing.

answer: The World at Night promotes and creates wide-angle images of the night sky in order to show the universality of star-gazing.

answer: The World at Night creates images of the sky.

answer: The World At Night creates wide-angle images of the sky to show the universality of star-gazing.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Astronomers Without Borders is an organization founded by Mike Simmons, with the goal of spreading astronomy throughout the world and connecting people through this shared interest. The group organizes projects including fundraising for the purchase of equipment and training for people in developing countries. In addition, they sponsor events such as The World at Night and Global Astronomy Month every April.

answer: Astronomers Without Borders (AWB), founded in 2007, is a U.S- based organization dedicated to spreading astronomy throughout the world and connecting people through this universal interest. They have sponsored several events and organizations since their founding.

answer: Astronomers without Borders is a US group whose aim is to spread astronomy throughout the world and train others to use telescopes and create goodwill and understanding. They specialize in organizing events like the 100 Hours of Astronomy and Global Astronomy Month.

answer: ASTRONOMERS WITHOUT BORDERS is a U.S.-based organization founded by Mike Simmons whose goal is to spread astronomy across the world. The group has organized events including The World at Night and Global Astronomy Month since 2007. The goal of these events is to teach astronomy around the world and encourage goodwill between different cultures.

answer: The Astronomers Without Borders is a U.S.-based organization dedicated to spreading astronomy throughout the world and connecting people interested in astronomy. The group has organized Global Astronomy Month every April since 2010.


text:
Our Partners

[nih]

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Join Thousands of Minority Women Taking Control of Their Health With A BGH Membership

Action Plans

Get access to our library of step-by-step execution plans from certified dietitians and trainers that guides you day by day towards a path to eating right and staying fit.

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Enjoy significant savings on apparel and products from BGH and its partners that you use every day! BGH membership also gets you discounts on tickets to our annual Kickstart Health and Wellness Expo each year!

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We partner with organizations/businesses by increasing their brand exposure to hundreds of minority women at our annual Kickstart Health & Wellness Expo. We also host fitness/health related workshops for schools, corporations, non-profits, community organizations, and government entities.

How You Can Work With BGH To Reach Minority Women

Content Creation

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We help businesses, non-profit organizations, schools, government entities and more; increase consumer access and awareness to their products and services through community based outreach strategies and events, and health programming.

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The Latest From Our Blog

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the article states comes with a BGH Membership.

answer: With a BGH Membership, members get access to step-by-step programs that help them stay fit, discounts on apparel and products, the BGH Circle of Sisters Facebook group, and opportunities to collaborate with organizations to increase brand exposure. Members also benefit from content creation and strategic social media campaigns. The BGH Annual Kickstart: Health and Wellness Expo features breakout fitness sessions, live television shows, and free health screenings and seminars.

answer: A BGH Membership gives you access to the library of step-by-step execution plans from certified dietitians and trainers. These plans guide you day by day towards a path to eating right. You also get Exclusive Discounts. Another perk for members is the BGH Circle of Sisters Facebook Group, where the goal is to increase exposure of sponsoring orgs/businesses  to hundreds of minority women. There is also targeted content creation, outreach services, social awareness campaigns, and everyday woman wear.  Personally, I think that is a lot of perks.

text:
-The model's answer is not supposed to contain a personal opinion when giving a summary. The model should remove that line in the response.
-The model should spell out 'organization' instead of abbreviating it.
-The model omitted to put 'the' before exposure in the fourth sentence. This should be corrected.

refinement: A BGH Membership gives you access to the library of step-by-step execution plans from certified dietitians and trainers. These plans guide you day by day towards a path to eating right. You also get Exclusive Discounts. Another perk for members is the BGH Circle of Sisters Facebook Group, where the goal is to increase the exposure of sponsoring organizations/businesses to hundreds of minority women. There is also targeted content creation, outreach services, social awareness campaigns, and everyday woman wear.

answer: The text says that a BGH Membership gives access to a library of execution plans from certified dieticians and trainers that guides people step by day towards a path for eating right and staying fit. Additionally, it provides exclusive discounts on apparel and products from BGH and its partners.

text: The answer omitted the benefits of the BGH Circle of Sisters Facebook Group as part of the perks of being a member. It should include this.

refinement: The text says that a BGH Membership gives access to a library of execution plans from certified dieticians and trainers that guides people step by day towards a path for eating right and staying fit. Additionally, it provides exclusive discounts on apparel and products as well as its annual Kickstart Health and Wellness Expo from BGH and its partners. Members would also be a part of the BGH Circle of Sisters Facebook Group. They partner with organizations/businesses by increasing their brand exposure to hundreds of minority women at the annual Kickstart Health and Wellness Expo.

answer: A BGH Membership provides access to step-by-step implementation plans and discounts on apparel and products, as well as events like the Kickstart Health and Wellness Expo. Additionally, members have access to content creation, social awareness campaigns, and outreach services.

answer: The article states that with a BGH Membership, access to action plans come that help guide women towards eating right and staying fit, exclusive discounts are included in the membership, and there is also a Facebook Group where other women can connect. Additionally, the article states that thousands of minority women have a BGH membership. The most important aspect of the membership seems to be how BGH partners with organizations/businesses to increase their brand exposure to hundreds of minority women.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What job descriptions does the BGH have advertised in the article?

answer: The job titles that the article describes that BGH has advertised are content creation, outreach services, and social awareness campaigns. For content creation, in-house writers, designers, animators, and videographers work together to make engaging messages and contents toward minority women. The outreach services help connect with businesses, non-profit organizations, schools, government entities, and more. The social awareness campaign develops and manages a strategic social media plan to generate awareness with minority women.

answer: BGH specializes in developing and managing social media, developing and managing outreach services, and hosting fitness and health-related workshops.

text: The answer omitted content creation as part of the job description mentioned in the article. It should include this.

refinement: BGH specializes in developing and managing social media, developing and managing outreach services, and hosting fitness and health-related workshops. They also use content creation to create engaging messages and content that resonates with minority women through in-house writers, animators, videographers, and designers.

answer: BGH is a consultant organization that helps businesses, non-profit organizations, schools, government entities, and others increase consumer access and awareness to their products and services through community based outreach strategies and events, as well as health programming. Their work mainly entails providing content creation and social awareness campaigns, as well as offering breakout fitness sessions and live television shows.

answer: Dietitians, trainers, writers, designers, animators, writeres, videographers, strategists and promoters

text: The answer given is not a job description advertised by BGH in the article. This answer should be rewritten more accurately.

refinement: The job descriptions include content creation, social awareness campaigns, and outreach services. Content creation creates engaging messages that resonate with minority women through in-house writers, videographers, animators, and designers. The social awareness campaigns develop and manage a strategic social media plan to create awareness among minority women. Finally, outreach services increase consumer awareness for businesses and non-profit organizations through events and health programs.

answer: Content Creation, Social Awareness Campaigns, and Outreach Services.


text:
Dzhalil}}

DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.[1]

History

It was founded in 1964 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1968.[2]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Dzhalil is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.[3] As a municipal division, Dzhalil, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Sarmanovsky Municipal District as DZHALIL URBAN SETTLEMENT.[4]

Economy and infrastructure

As of 1997, two major industrial enterprises in the settlement were Dzhalilneft oil company and a bakery.[5]

Demographics

In 1989, ethnic Tatars accounted for 77.7% of the population, followed by the Russians at 19.6%.[6]

[1]

[2] _Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Tatarstan_, p. 240

[3] Order #01-02/9

[4] Law #39-ZRT

[5]

[6]

title: Dzhalil (urban-type settlement)

question: What is Dzhalil?

answer: Dzhalil is an urban-type settlement located in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1964 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1968.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: It was founded in 1964 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1968.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban-type settlement in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban locality in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

question: Where is it located?

answer: Dzhalil is located in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

answer: It is located in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

answer: Dzhalil is located in the Republic of Tatarstan, near the source of the Menzelya River, south of the administrative center of Sarmanovo District.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

answer: The locality is in the Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It is near the source of the Menzelya River.

text: DZHALIL (; , _Cälil_) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district.

question: Is the place currently populated?

answer: It may be implied that the locality is currently populated.

text: As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.

answer: Yes

text: Some detail explaining why you think this would be appreciated.

refinement: As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.

text: As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.

answer: Yes, as of the 2010 census, the population was 13,937.

text: As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.

answer: Based on the information in the passage, it is unclear whether or not the place is currently populated.

text: It gives the population as of 2010, and there is nothing in the article to indicate it has since been abandoned, so it is reasonable to conclude that it is currently populated.

refinement: As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937. It is reasonable to assume it is still a populated place.

question: Who handles the settlement's administration?

answer: The administration of the settlement is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.

text: Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Dzhalil is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.[3] As a municipal division, Dzhalil, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Sarmanovsky Municipal District as DZHALIL URBAN SETTLEMENT.

answer: The settlement of Dzhalil is under the jurisdiction of Sarmanovsky District.

text: Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Dzhalil is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.[3] As a municipal division, Dzhalil, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Sarmanovsky Municipal District as DZHALIL URBAN SETTLEMENT.

answer: The Sarmanovsky District handles the settlement's administration.

text: Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Dzhalil is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.[3] As a municipal division, Dzhalil, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Sarmanovsky Municipal District as DZHALIL URBAN SETTLEMENT.

answer: Sarmanovsky District

text: I made it a complete sentence.

refinement: The Sarmanovsky District handles the settlement's administration.

text: Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Dzhalil is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.[3] As a municipal division, Dzhalil, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Sarmanovsky Municipal District as DZHALIL URBAN SETTLEMENT.

question: Write a ~5 sentence summary.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban locality in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1964 and granted urban-type settlement status in 1968. It is located near the source of the Menzelya River, south of Sarmanovo, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 13,937.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban settlement located in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1964 and granted urban-type settlement status in 1968. The settlement's main industries are oil production and baking. According to the 1989 census, the majority of the population is made up of Tatars, with Russians making up a minority.

answer: Dzhalil is an urban-type settlement in Sarmanovsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It was founded in 1964 and was granted urban-type settlement status in 1968.

answer:
Dzhalil is an urban settlement located in the Sarmanovsky District in Russia. The locality was founded in 1964 and granted the urban-type settlement status in 1968.

As of 2010, the locality's population stood at 13,937. Its administration is subordinated to Sarmanovsky District.

The Ethnic Tatars accounted for 77.7% of the population and the Russians made up 19.6% during 1989.


text:
SAMUEL CHARLES BELLAMY (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

Life and career

Bellamy was born in 1913 in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, the son of Samuel Bellamy, a labourer, and his wife, Eliza _née_ Kempson.[1][2] A full back, he played youth football for St Andrew's OSL before moving into adult local football. By 1936, he had played as an amateur for Birmingham's third team as well as having trials with Aston Villa. He answered Birmingham Combination club Tamworth's advertisement for players, and got through to the final trial,[3] but chose to continue on Birmingham's books as an amateur, “figured with considerable success in the third team” during the 1936–37 season, and was signed as a professional.[4]

He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division. Birmingham won 3–0, which was their first away win of the season. He was retained for the 1938–39 season,[5] and was a regular in the reserve team in the Central League, mainly at left back; in the last match of the season, he suffered a concussion and was taken to hospital.[6] He made no more first-team appearances before the Football League was suspended for the duration of the Second World War.[7]

When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.[8] He played football for Revo's works team,[9] as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940.[10] He spent time serving in the Middle East.[11] Bellamy rejoined Birmingham after the war, appeared for their Central League team, and was given a free transfer at the end of the 1946–47 season.[12]

He signed for Tamwortheleven years after his trial with the cluband was a first-team regular for three seasons.[13] However, a knee injury in April 1950 and another injury early in the following season, by which time he was 37 years old, hastened the end of his senior career.[14]

Bellamy died in Solihull in 2005 at the age of 91.[15][16]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

title: Samuel Bellamy (footballer)

question: What position did Samuel Charles Bellamy play?

answer: Bellamy played as a full back.

text: SAMUEL CHARLES BELLAMY (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy played in the full back position.

text: SAMUEL CHARLES BELLAMY (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

answer: Bellamy was a full back.

text: SAMUEL CHARLES BELLAMY (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

answer: full back

text: I made this a complete sentence.

text: SAMUEL CHARLES BELLAMY (2 November 1913 – 4 June 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham.

question: When did Samuel Charles Bellamy make his first senior competitive appearance?

answer: November 13, 1937

text: He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division.

answer: Bellamy made his first senior competitive appearance on 13 November 1937.

text: He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy made his first senior competitive appearance for Birmingham on 13 November 1937.

text: He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy made his first senior competitive appearance on November 13th, 1937.

text: He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division.

question: Where did Samuel Charles Bellamy work when World War Two broke out?

answer: According to the passage, Bellamy worked at Revo Electric, a manufacturer of domestic equipment, during World War Two.

text: When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler

answer: Bellamy worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.

text: When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.

answer: He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.

text: When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy was working for Revo Electric when World War Two broke out.

text: When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler.

question: When did Samuel Charles Bellamy join the Army?

answer: Bellamy joined the Army in 1940.

text: He played football for Revo's works team,[9] as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy joined the Army in 1940.

text: He played football for Revo's works team,[9] as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy joined the Army in 1940.

text: He played football for Revo's works team,[9] as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy joined the Army in 1940.

text: He played football for Revo's works team,[9] as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940.

question: How old was Samuel Charles Bellamy when he died?

answer: 91

answer: 91

answer: 91

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy was 91 when he died.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy was an English professional football player. He signed with several different teams over the course of his career, and he fought in World War Two from 1940. He retired at 37 and lived until he was 91.

answer: Samuel Bellamy was a professional footballer who played as a full back for Birmingham in the Football League. He played for Birmingham during the Second World War, but retired from the game after sustaining injuries in 1950. He died in 2005 aged 91.

answer: Samuel Charles Bellamy was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham. He was born in 1913 in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, the son of Samuel Bellamy, a labourer, and his wife, Eliza. He died in Solihull in 2005 at the age of 91.

answer: Samuel Bellamy was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham. He was born in 1913 in the Small Heath district of Birmingham, the son of Samuel Bellamy, a labourer, and his wife, Eliza _née_ Kempson. Bellamy was a full back, and played youth football for St Andrew's OSL before moving into adult local football. He answered Birmingham Combination club Tamworth's advertisement for players, and got through to the final trial, but chose to continue on Birmingham's books as an amateur. He made his first senior competitive appearance for the club on 13 November 1937, deputising for the injured Cyril Trigg against Blackpool in the First Division. Birmingham won 3–0, which was their first away win of the season. He was retained for the 1938–39 season, and was a regular in the reserve team in the Central League, mainly at left back; in the last match of the season, he suffered a concussion and was taken to hospital. He made no more first-team appearances before the Football League was suspended for the duration of the Second World War. When war broke out, Bellamy was a single man living with his parents and three younger siblings in Graham Road, Yardley. He worked for Revo Electric, manufacturers of domestic equipment, as an assembler. He played football for Revo's works team, as well as appearing occasionally for Birmingham in the various wartime competitions, before joining the Army in 1940. He spent time serving in the Middle East. Bellamy rejoined Birmingham after the war, appeared for their Central League team, and was given a free transfer at the end of the 1946–47 season. He signed for Tamworth eleven years after his trial with the club and was a first-team regular for three seasons. However, a knee injury in April 1950 and another injury early in the following season, by which time he was 37 years old, hastened the end of his senior career. Bellamy died in Solihull in 2005 at the age of 91.

text: This should be three sentences or fewer.

refinement: Samuel Bellamy was an English professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Birmingham. He made his debut in 1937, then had to join the war effort in 1940. An injury forced him to retire in 1950. Bellamy lived to be 91 and passed away in 2005.


text:
MARK NEWMAN is an English-American physicist and Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, as well as an external faculty member of the Santa Fe Institute. He is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems, for which he was awarded the 2014 Lagrange Prize.

Career

Mark Newman grew up in Bristol, England, where he was a pupil at Bristol Cathedral School, and earned both an undergraduate degree and a PhD in physics from the University of Oxford, before moving to the United States to conduct research first at Cornell University and later at the Santa Fe Institute, a private research institute in northern New Mexico devoted to the study of complex systems. In 2002 Newman moved to the University of Michigan, where he is currently the Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics and a professor in the university's Center for the Study of Complex Systems.

Research

Newman is known for his research on complex networks, and in particular for work on collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology.[1] He was also co-inventor, with Michael Gastner, of a method for generating density-equalizing maps or cartograms, which forms the foundation for the Worldmapper web site. Their work gained attention following the 2004 US presidential election when it was used as the basis for a widely circulated map of the election results, which adjusted the size of states based on their population to give a more accurate sense of how many voters voted for each party.[2][3]

Newman's network-based methods have been applied to a variety of fields, including psychology, sociology, economics and biology. The same basic methods have accurately predicted a wide variety of results, from relationships between organisms in an ecosystem to associations between terrorist organizations.[4] Newman has also studied the risk of forest fires[5] and the social behavior of dolphins in New Zealand,[6] as well as the structure of the scientific community itself.[7]

Newman has worked on power-law distributions in complex systems, including in the distribution of wealth, the sizes of cities, and the frequency of words in languages (see Zipf's Law).[8] With collaborators Aaron Clauset and Cosma Shalizi, Newman developed statistical methods for analyzing power-law distributions and applied them to the study of a wide range of systems, in various cases either confirming or denying the existence of previously claimed power-law behaviors.[9]

Newman's paper “The structure and function of complex networks”[10] received the most citations of any paper in mathematics between 2001 and 2011.[11]

Awards and honors

In 2007, Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS).[12] In 2011 and 2012, he received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award, both from the University of Michigan. In 2014, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and was the fifth recipient of the Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize.[13] In 2016, he was elected as a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.[14]

[1] Mark Newman's home page

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12] Curriculum vitae, retrieved 2016-07-01.

[13] Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize, retrieved 2016-07-01.

[14] Guggenhiem Fellowship, retrieved 2016-07-01.

title: Mark Newman

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the research that Newman is known for.

answer: Mark Newman is known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems, which include the study of collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology. He is also known for developing statistical methods for analyzing power-law distributions in complex systems.

answer: Mark Newman is known for fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems. His research focuses on collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology. His work has been applied to a variety of fields, including psychology, sociology, economics and biology. He has also studied the risk of forest fires and the social behavior of dolphins. Additionally, Newman has contributed noteworthy research on power-law distributions in complex systems, including in the distribution of wealth, the sizes of cities, and the frequency of words in languages.

answer: The research Newman is most known for is his research on complex networks, specifically work on collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology. Newman also worked with Michael Gastner and their work gained attention in the 2004 US presidential election as density-equalizing maps. Newman also studied other areas such as the risk of forest fires, social behavior of dolphins in New Zealand, and the structure of the scientific community. Newman has also worked on power-law distributions in complex systems and developed statistical methods for these power-law behaviors.

answer: Though the article highlights a handful of topics, Newman's research seems to be concentrated in the study of networks. Identifying collaboration patterns and percolation theory seem to be two of the most discussed topics in his work and in the material for which he was awarded. This is particularly meaningful because Newman made two great contributions to the world of network studies at essentially the same time (network epidemiology and collaboration patterns). This implies a lifetime of interest, learning, and dedication to the study of the mechanics of networks, which is wonderful and mitstant.

text: The last sentence is more of a value judgement than a summary

refinement: Though the article highlights a handful of topics, Newman's research seems to be concentrated in the study of networks. Identifying collaboration patterns and percolation theory seem to be two of the most discussed topics in his work and in the material for which he was awarded. This is particularly meaningful because Newman made two great contributions to the world of network studies at essentially the same time (network epidemiology and collaboration patterns).

answer: Newman is known for his research on complex networks, and in particular for work on collaboration patterns of scientists, random graph theory, assortative mixing, community structure, percolation theory, and network epidemiology. He was also co-inventor, with Michael Gastner, of a method for generating density-equalizing maps or cartograms, which forms the foundation for the Worldmapper web site. Their work gained attention following the 2004 US presidential election when it was used as the basis for a widely circulated map of the election results, which adjusted the size of states based on their population to give a more accurate sense of how many voters voted for each party. In 2016, he was elected as a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the awards and honors Newman received.

answer: Through 2007, Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Over the years from 2011-2017 he received from the University of Michigan the Faculty Recognition Award, the Excellence in Education Award, the 2014 Lagrange Prize, the Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize and the Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics. He also received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2016.

answer: Dr. Newman has been elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and received a Guggenheim Fellowship. He is also known for his fundamental contributions to the fields of complex networks and complex systems.

text: The last sentence is irrelevant

refinement: Dr. Newman has been elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

text: He was also a fellow of the AAAS and a Simons Fellow

refinement: Dr. Newman has been elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and received a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 2014, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2016, he was elected as a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics.

answer: Mark Newman has received multiple awards and honors, including the Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, the 2014 Lagrange Prize, and two University of Michigan awards. He was also elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Simons Fellow.

text: No "Anatol Rapoport Distinguished University Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan" is mentioned

refinement: Mark Newman has received multiple awards and honors, including the 2014 Lagrange Prize, and two University of Michigan awards. He was also elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Simons Fellow.

text: Include his fellowship from the APS and the Guggenheim Fellowship

refinement: Mark Newman has received multiple awards and honors, including the 2014 Lagrange Prize, and two University of Michigan awards. He was also elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Simons Fellow. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

answer: In 2007, Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2011 and 2012, he received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award, both from the University of Michigan. In 2014, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation, and was the fifth recipient of the Zachary Karate Club CLUB prize. In 2016, he was elected as a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

answer: The awards and honors Newman received were numerous. Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2007), received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award (2011 and 2012), and received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation. The Lagrange Prize was the most renowned prize that Newman got in his career.

text: The last sentence is unsupported

refinement: The awards and honors Newman received were numerous. Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2007), received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award (2011 and 2012), and received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation.

text: Include the AAAS Fellowship, the Simons Fellowship, and the Guggenheim Fellowship

refinement: The awards and honors Newman received were numerous. Newman was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2007), received a Faculty Recognition Award and an Excellence in Education Award (2011 and 2012), and received the 2014 Lagrange Prize from the ISI Foundation. He was also elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, elected as a Simons Fellow, and received a Guggenheim Fellowship.


text:
MICHL LANG (1899–1979) was a German stage and film actor.[1]

Selected filmography

-   _The Unsuspecting Angel_ (1936)
-   _Geheimakte W.B.1_ (1942)
-   _A Heart Beats for You_ (1949)
-   _King for One Night_ (1950)
-   _Fanfares of Love_ (1951)
-   _The Cloister of Martins_ (1951)
-   _That Can Happen to Anyone_ (1952)
-   _Illusion in a Minor Key_ (1952)
-   _Fireworks_ (1954)
-   _A Woman of Today_ (1954)
-   _San Salvatore_ (1956)
-   _Two Bavarians in St. Pauli_ (1956)
-   _Where the Ancient Forests Rustle_ (1956)
-   _Salzburg Stories_ (1957)
-   _Wir Wunderkinder_ (1958)
-   _I Was All His_ (1958)
-   _The Green Devils of Monte Cassino_ (1958)
-   _Paprika_ (1959)
-   _Storm in a Water Glass_ (1960)
-   _Isola Bella_ (1961)
-   _Aunt Frieda_ (1965)
-   _The Sinful Village_ (1966)
-   _Onkel Filser – Allerneueste Lausbubengeschichten_ (1966)

[1] Goble p.457

title: Michl Lang

question: Who was Michl Lang?

answer: A German stage and film actor.

answer: Michl Lang was a German stage and film actor.

answer: Michl Lang was a German stage and film actor.

answer: A film and stage actor.

text: Add that he was German.

question: Where was he from?

answer: Germany.

answer: According to the passage, Michl Lang was from Germany.

answer: Germany

answer: Germany.

question: What was his first work titled?

answer: The Unsuspecting Angel

answer: Michl Lang's first work was titled "The Unsuspecting Angel".

answer: Michl Lang's first work was titled "The Unsuspecting Angel."

answer: The Unsuspecting Angel.

question: What year did he die?

answer: 1979.

answer: Michl Lang died in 1979.

answer: 1979

answer: 1979.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Michl Lang was a German stage and film actor. He was born in 1899 and died in 1979.

answer: Michl Lang was a German stage and film actor. He was born in 1899 and died in 1979. He was best known for his roles in "The Unsuspecting Angel" (1936), "Geheimakte W.B.1" (1942), "A Heart Beats for You" (1949), "King for One Night" (1950), "Fanfares of Love" (1951), "The Cloister of Martins" (1951), "That Can Happen to Anyone" (1952), "Illusion in a Minor Key" (1952), "Fireworks" (1954), "A Woman of Today" (1954), "San Salvatore" (1956), "Two Bavarians in St. Pauli" (1956), "Where the Ancient Forests Rustle" (1956), "Salzburg Stories" (1957), "Wir Wunderkinder" (1958), "I Was All His" (1958), "The Green Devils of Monte Cassino" (1958), "Paprika" (1959), "Storm in a Water Glass" (1960), "Isola Bella" (1961), "Aunt Frieda" (1965), "The Sinful Village" (1966), and "Onkel Filser – Allerneueste Lausbubengeschichten" (1966).

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement spectacularly. Revise to delete most of the film references.

refinement: Michl Lang (1899 - 1979) was a German stage and film actor. He was best known for his roles in "The Unsuspecting Angel" (1936), "Geheimakte W.B.1" (1942), "A Heart Beats for You" (1949), and "King for One Night" (1950).

answer: Michl Lang was a German stage and film actor who appeared in over 20 films throughout his career. His most notable films include The Unsuspecting Angel (1936), Geheimakte W.B.1 (1942), and A Heart Beats for You (1949).

answer: Michl Lang was a German film and stage actor. He was born in 1899, appeared in at least 23 productions and films, and died in 1979.