text:
At Hotel Tourist Cefalu, we believe that a holiday is all about spending the vacation you deserve. It can be a lovely mix of everything, peaceful and relaxing while still being near to main attractions when you are ready to go exploring.

The hotel is on the beautiful Lungomare beach of Cefalu, Sicily in the province of Palermo, Italy. It offers a lovely overlooking view of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town from the balconies. There are about 46 comfortable rooms with their recommended room types. We aim to cater for all types of tourists from single travellers to couples, groups and families. Amenities include a satellite TV, WI-FI internet connection, minibar, telephone, safe, hairdryer, and individual air conditioning. The hotel also has a swimming pool with sun loungers and umbrellas, a restaurant, a bar and a lovely private beach area a few steps from the hotel.

question: What country is home to the Hotel Tourist Cefalu

answer:
?

The Hotel Tourist Cefalu is located in Sicily, which is part of Italy.

text: Remove "?"

refinement: The Hotel Tourist Cefalu is located in Sicily, which is part of Italy.

answer:
?

Italy

text: Remove "?"

answer: Italy.

answer: Italy

question: Is alcohol available in the hotel rooms?

answer: According to the passage, alcohol is available in the hotel bar and restaurant, but not in the hotel rooms.

text: "alcohol is available in the hotel bar and restaurant, but not in the hotel rooms." - This is false. Although "alcohol" was not mentioned, each hotel room has a minibar.

refinement: According to the passage, alcohol is available in the hotel bar and restaurant, but not in the hotel rooms.

answer: Yes

answer: Yes, there is a minibar.

answer: Yes, alcohol is available in the hotel rooms.

question: Which sea can guests observe?

answer: The guests can observe the Tyrrhenian sea.

answer: Tyrrhenian Sea

text: Add "the" at the beginning of the sentence.

answer: The Tyrrhenian Sea

answer: The Tyrrhenian sea.

question: How far is the sea from the hotel?

answer: A few steps

text: "A few steps" - Complete the sentence" "There is a private beach a few steps from the hotel."

refinement: There is a private beach a few steps from the hotel.

answer: The hotel is on the Lungomare beach of Cefalu, Sicily in the province of Palermo, Italy.

text: "The hotel is on the Lungomare beach of Cefalu, Sicily in the province of Palermo, Italy." - doesn't answer the question of distance (how far is the sea).

refinement: There is a private beach a few steps from the hotel.

answer: The hotel is located right on the beach, with a view of the sea from the balconies.

answer: The hotel is on the Lungomare beach of Cefalu, Sicily in the province of Palermo, Italy.

text: "The hotel is on the Lungomare beach of Cefalu, Sicily in the province of Palermo, Italy." - doesn't answer the question of distance (how far is the sea).

refinement: There is a private beach a few steps from the hotel.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: This article describes the location of the Hotel Tourist Cefalu in Italy. It also outlines some of the attractions and amenities the hotel offers.

text: "This article describes the location of the Hotel Tourist Cefalu in Italy. It also outlines some of the attractions and amenities the hotel offers." - is okay, but could use more details.

refinement: This article describes the location of the Hotel Tourist Cefalu in Italy. It also outlines some of the attractions and amenities the hotel offers, such as a lovely overlooking view of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town, and 46 comfortable rooms that cater to all types of tourists from single travelers to couples, groups, and families.

answer: At Hotel Tourist Cefalu, guests can enjoy a relaxing beach holiday with stunning views of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town. The hotel offers comfortable rooms with amenities like satellite TV, WI-Fi, and air conditioning. There is also a swimming pool and restaurant on site.

text: Went over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Rewrite the second sentence.

refinement: At Hotel Tourist Cefalu, guests can enjoy a relaxing beach holiday with stunning views of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town. The hotel offers comfortable air-conditioned rooms with amenities like satellite TV and WI-Fi, plus a swimming pool and restaurant on-site.

answer: The Hotel Tourist Cefalu is a hotel in Sicily, Italy. It is on the Lungomare beach and offers a lovely view of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town. The hotel has 46 rooms, amenities such as satellite TV, WI-FI internet connection, minibar, telephone, safe, hairdryer, and individual air conditioning. The hotel also has a swimming pool with sun loungers and umbrellas, a restaurant, a bar, and a lovely private beach area.

text: Went way over the 2-sentence summary requirement. Trim down and rewrite the summary.

refinement: The Hotel Tourist Cefalu is a hotel located right on the Lungomare beach in Sicily, Italy, offering a lovely view of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town. The hotel has a swimming pool, a restaurant, a bar, a lovely private beach area, and 46 air-conditioned rooms with amenities such as satellite TV, WI-FI internet connection, minibar, telephone, safe, and a hairdryer.

answer: Hotel Tourist Cefalu is a hotel in Sicily, Italy. It offers a lovely overlooking view of the Tyrrhenian sea and the Old town from the balconies.


split: train

text:
The PUERTO RICANS FOR PUERTO RICO PARTY (, PPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. Founded in 2003, it was certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007.

History

In April 2007, it submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission.[1] Rogelio Figueroa is the president and co-founder of the party.

The party finally got its certification on Wednesday, May 9, 2007, when the president of the Electoral Commission gave his approval. During this process, two of the three commissioners of the currently registered political parties supported the PPR's certification.[2] Puerto Rican electoral law states that, if the commissioners don't reach a unanimous decision, the president of the Electoral Commission decides whether the party gets registered.

2008 election

The party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives).

On the 2008 elections, the PPR candidate Rogelio Figueroa obtained 2.77% of the votes. Since electoral law requires over 3% of votes to maintain the party charter, this result meant that the party would be decertified, until they completed the certification process for the next elections.[3] Still, the party obtained more votes than the lead minority party, the Puerto Rican Independence Party, which has been running since 1946.

The aftermath

[Party headquarters in 2012] After the loss the party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party. Nevertheless, the party continues to operate as an independent entity and it is seeking to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

2012 election

For the 2012 elections, the party underwent a reorganization. After completing the certification process, they presented their candidacies.[4][5] Figueroa would run again for governor, while Dr. Sadiasept Guillont would run for Resident Commissioner. During his campaign, Figueroa attacked the alleged classism and social inequality of the current government.[6]

Platform

The PPR was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later broadened its platform and ideology to include economic issues, the political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government.

The position that PPR has taken on the issue of the political status of Puerto Rico has been a non-traditional one in Puerto Rican politics. The PPR's position is a neutral one. The party has not and will not take a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's status. In fact, candidates and officials of PPR are actually people with diverse opinions on what the future status of Puerto Rico should be. PPR has managed to enlist in one same party followers of Statehood, Independence, and Commonwealth. The party's stance is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.

[1] http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/politica/noticias/ppr_entregara_ultimos_endosos/49927 PRIMERA HORA ''“PPR entregará últimos endosos”' (“PPR to submit last endorsements”), retrieved May 12, 2007

[2] http://www.endi.com/noticia/politica/noticias/cee_certifica_al_ppr/211017 EL NUEVO DIA _“CEE certifica al PPR”_ (“State Electoral Commission certifies PPR”), retrieved May 12, 2007

[3] _Ley Electoral de Puerto Rico_

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party?

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. It was founded in 2003, and got certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. In 2008, the party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses. The party's candidate, Rogelio Figueroa, obtained 2.77% of the votes. The party was decertified and had to undergo the certification process for the next elections. The aftermath of the 2008 election was internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party, PPR, is the name of a Puerto Rican political party. It is a young party, founded in 2003. It was finally certified in 2007 after facing long-running opposition. After organizing specifically as a green ecological party, it broadened its platform just before the 2008 elections. However, they only received 2.77% of the votes. This lowered the party's charter and required them to undergo the certification process again. However, they are an independent entity, still seeking their Electoral Commission certification.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. It was founded in 2003, and got certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. In 2008, the party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses. The party's candidate, Rogelio Figueroa, obtained 2.77% of the votes. The party was decertified and had to undergo the certification process for the next elections.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. It was founded in 2003, but did not receive certification until 2007. It had an ambitious agenda and attempted to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives). The party's position is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PRPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. They were certified first in May 2007.

text: Incomplete answer

refinement: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. It was founded in 2003 but did not receive certification until 2007. It had an ambitious agenda and attempted to run for nearly all elected positions, including the governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives). The party's position is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party, PPR, is the name of a Puerto Rican political party. It is a young party, founded in 2003. It was finally certified in 2007 after facing long-running opposition. After organizing specifically as a green ecological party, it broadened its platform and ideology just before the 2008 elections. However, they only received 2.77% of the votes. This lowered the party's charter and required them to undergo the certification process again. However, they are an independent entity, still seeking their Electoral Commission certification.

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PRPR) is a Puerto Rican political party. They were certified first in May 2007. They are seeking to regain their certification during the next elections. They are also involved in citizen participation in government.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the history of the political party?

answer: The party was founded in 2003. It was certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. It finally got its certification on Wednesday, May 9, 2007. The party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives).

answer: The party was founded in 2003. It was certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. It finally got its certification on Wednesday, May 9, 2007. The party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives). The PPR had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including governor, resident commissioner, and both state legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives).

answer: The party was founded in 2003 and submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in 2007. However, the party's certification process didn't go smoothly, because two of the three commissioners of the currently registered political parties did not support their certification, which means the party had to wait until the president of the Electoral Commission granted their certification. In the 2008 Republication and N, two thirds of votes are required to maintain the party charter.

text: This is unclear

refinement: The party was founded in 2003 and submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in 2007. However, the party's certification process didn't go smoothly, because two of the three commissioners of the currently registered political parties did not support their certification, which means the party had to wait until the president of the Electoral Commission granted their certification. On the 2008 elections, the PPR candidate Rogelio Figueroa obtained 2.77% of the votes. Since electoral law requires over 3% of votes to maintain the party charter, this result meant that the party would be decertified, until they completed the certification process for the next elections

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party was founded in 2003 and was certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. The party's certification process was supported by two of the three commissioners of the currently registered political parties. In 2008, the party's candidate, Rogelio Figueroa, obtained 2.77% of the votes. The party was decertified because it didn't have a minimum of 3% of the votes. After the loss, the party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party.

answer: In April 2007, the PPR party was founded. They submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in 2007. Their certification was four years later in May of 2007. In 2008, the PPR party failed the electoral standard and decertified

text: The party was founded in 2003

refinement: In April 2003, the PPR party was founded. They submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in 2007. Their certification was four years later in May of 2007. In 2008, the PPR party failed the electoral standard and decertified

text: Misleading

refinement: In April 2003, the PPR party was founded. They submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in 2007. They received certification in the same year. In 2008, the PPR party failed the electoral standard and decertified

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party was founded in 2003 and was certified for the first time by the State Electoral Commission in May 2007. The party's certification process was supported by two of the three commissioners of the currently registered political parties. In 2008, the party's candidate, Rogelio Figueroa, obtained 2.77% of the votes. The party was decertified because it didn't have a minimum of 3% of the votes. After the loss, the party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party. The party is seeking to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

answer: In November 2003, the PPR party was founded. They submitted the signatures required for certification by the State Electoral Commission in April 2007. Their certification was four years later in May of 2007. In 2008, they failed to meet their election requirement and decertified.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the political party's aftermath?

answer: After the loss, the party experienced internal stages and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party.

answer: The party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party. Nevertheless, the party continues to operate as an independent entity and is seeking to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

answer: After the loss, the party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party. Nevertheless, the party continues to operate as an independent entity and it is seeking to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

answer: After the failure, the party and their members had internal struggles and dissent. Nevertheless, the party continued to operate as an independent entity and sought to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

answer: After the party's loss, the party experienced internal stages and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party.

answer: The party experienced internal struggles and dissent with many party officials and candidates breaking away from the party. Nevertheless, the party continues to operate as an independent entity and is seeking to regain its Electoral Commission certification.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the political party's platform?

answer: The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico party was originally an ecological party like green parties in Europe before adjusting their platform and ideology to include economic issues, political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government. Their political stance is a non-traditional one, as they declare neutrality on the issue of Puerto Rico's political status. Many of their supporters are campaigning for statehood, independence, and even the commonwealth.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later broadened its platform and ideology to include economic issues, the political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government. The position that PPR has taken on the issue of the political status of Puerto Rico has been a non-traditional one in Puerto Rican politics. The PPR's position is a neutral one. The party has not and will not take a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's status. In fact, candidates and officials of PPR are actually people with diverse opinions on what the future status of Puerto Rico should be. PPR has managed to enlist in one same party followers of Statehood, Independence, and Commonwealth. The party's stance is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later expanded into economic issues, issues of political status, and citizen participation in government. The party has been a vocal proponent of decolonization and advocates for issues that would effect the working class. One issue they highlight is the massive amount of Puerto Rican emigration. The party has also expanded to support transitioning Puerto Rico's power from an elected governor to the people, which would make it more of a direct democracy. However, they still have not taken a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's political status because they believe a decision on that is only important when the other issues are resolved.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later broadened its platform and ideology to include economic issues, the political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government. The party's position on the issue of the political status of Puerto Rico has been a non-traditional one in Puerto Rican politics. The party has not and will not take a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's status.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later broadened its platform and ideology to include economic issues, the political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government. The position that PPR has taken on the issue of the political status of Puerto Rico has been a non-traditional one in Puerto Rican politics. The PPR's position is a neutral one. The party has not and will not take a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's status. In fact, candidates and officials of PPR are actually people with diverse opinions on what the future status of Puerto Rico should be. PPR has managed to enlist in one same party followers of Statehood, Independence, and Commonwealth. The party's stance is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later expanded into economic issues, issues of political status, and citizen participation in government. The party has been a vocal proponent of decolonization and advocates for issues that would effect the working class. One issue they highlight is the massive amount of Puerto Rican emigration. The party has also expanded to support transitioning Puerto Rico's power from an elected governor to the people, which would make it more of a direct democracy.

answer: The party was originally organized as an ecological party, similar to green parties in Europe. It later broadened its platform and ideology to include economic issues, the political status of Puerto Rico, and citizen participation in government. The party's position on the issue of the political status of Puerto Rico has been a non-traditional one in Puerto Rican politics. The party has not and will not take a side on the issue of Puerto Rico's status. In fact, candidates and officials of PPR are actually people with diverse opinions on what the future status of Puerto Rico should be. PPR has managed to enlist in one same party followers of Statehood, Independence, and Commonwealth. The party's stance is that the issue of the status of Puerto Rico should be discussed after bigger problems that affect Puerto Ricans' daily life are resolved.


text:
JERUSALEM — Israeli doctors were among the first to set up emergency hospitals in Haiti after its devastating 2010 earthquake. Israel also swiftly dispatched water-purification experts to Japan following the 2011 tsunami and trauma experts to Boston after the recent marathon bombings.

Yet despite such high-profile disaster assistance, Israel ranks near the bottom among leading free-market economies in providing foreign aid to developing nations.

Along with Mexico and Chile, Israel gives the least as a percentage of gross national income among members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Israel gives one-tenth of the U.N.'s target rate, lagging behind Turkey, Poland, Slovakia and even Greece during its debt crisis, according to OECD data.

On an individual basis, Israelis are also less likely to send donations abroad compared with citizens of most European countries and the U.S., according to a study by Hebrew University’s Center for the Study of Philanthropy in Israel. Over the last decade, 0.1% of individual charitable funds raised in Israel went to international relief, compared with 48% in Belgium, 13% in Italy and 5% in the U.S.

In an interview Wednesday in Jerusalem, Hillel Schmid, head of the center, told The Times that Israelis can and should give more if they want to be accepted as global citizens.

Q: Why don’t Israelis give more internationally?

A: Israelis in general are not so generous in giving, internationally and even inside Israel. People are suspicious about giving money. There’s an anti-philanthropist feeling. Even though Israel was built by philanthropists, today surveys show that Israelis think philanthropies are self-interested, political and wasteful.

And though Israelis see themselves as part of the larger world, they see themselves as beneficiaries, not contributors. Israelis are a little bit selfish in this way. We’ve been educated through the years to expect that money will be imported from the Jewry in the rest of the world, like New York and Los Angeles.

Q: Is it surprising that Israelis don’t give more considering the emphasis on charity in Judaism and Israel’s roots as a socialist state?

A: There’s a proverb, “The poor come first.” It means you should take care of your own people first before giving money to others and running overseas. It would be strange for an Israeli to send money to Africa when they feel there are still so many projects here.

Q: So do Israelis give a lot of money domestically?

A: No. Individual philanthropy inside Israel — for things like social programs, education, art, culture — is less than 0.7% of the GDP. In the U.S., it’s about 2.5%. Though Israel is not socialist anymore, people still think it’s the role of the government to provide these things, not philanthropy. They feel, “We pay taxes. We serve in the army. Why should we give more?”

Total philanthropy in Israel is $5.5 billion a year, but much of that money originates from (foreign sources). We are the biggest importer of philanthropy money in the world. Ten years ago, 72% of Israel’s philanthropy came from overseas. Today it’s about 62%.

Q: Is the problem that Israelis simply can’t afford it?

A: No. For several years the government has been declaring almost every day how strong the economy is. But the wealth of Israel is not reflected in the giving. They can afford to give much more. There was a recent report that there are 500 multimillionaires in Israel and several billionaires. Look at people like [American billionaires Bill] Gates and [Warren] Buffett and others who are giving their assets to generous foundations. You don’t find an Israeli who is giving away his capital like that to help a hospital in South Africa.

Q: Yet internationally, the Israeli government was more much aggressive about giving in past decades. When it was still a developing nation itself in the 1950s and 1960s, Israel’s track record for providing technical assistance and sending doctors or agriculture experts to Africa rivaled larger developed nations. What changed?

A: First, we don’t have political relations anymore with most of the countries in Africa.

Q: True. And it was their decision to take part in the Arab boycott, so you can’t blame Israel for that.

A: Right. But back then, aid was seen as a government interest. Not anymore. The government today has no policy about philanthropy. But I think it should because Israel is not in good shape in terms of legitimacy, the Palestinian territories and all this stuff. You’ve seen the polls that rank Israel fourth as the most-hated country after Iran, Pakistan and North Korea. Philanthropy abroad is not only for ideological and humanitarian reasons, but there is some self-interest as well.

Q: Does that really work? Israel showered Africa with assistance in the hopes that it could forge diplomatic relationships, yet those countries still boycotted Israel.

A: I think it does. We are isolated in the world. We can actually legitimize the state of Israel as a part of the world family by giving more to support other people. But we need to develop a culture of giving. Education should start in elementary school. The Israeli rate for volunteerism is not very high, except in wars and disasters. And the government needs to do more to encourage philanthropy, such as providing better tax benefits.

Q: Is there any sense of national shame that Israel ranks so low in this area?

A: We don’t want to be last in terms of poverty or education, or to rank lower than Turkey or Greece in those areas. But I don’t think if you ask someone on the street, that they would say it bothers them that we don’t give more.

_edmund.sanders@latimes.com_

question: Where was there an earthquake in 2010?

answer: The earthquake referred to in the passage occurred in Haiti.

answer: Haiti

text: Period.

answer: The earthquake mentioned in the passage occurred in Haiti.

question: What did Israeli doctors do in response?

answer: Israeli doctors tended to victims of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the 2011 tsunami in Japan, and the 2013 Boston marathon bombings.

text: No information about Haiti.

refinement: Israeli doctors tended to victims of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and set up hospitals.

answer: They set up hospitals.

answer: Israeli doctors were among the first responders in Haiti after the country's devastating earthquake, sending trauma experts to Boston after the recent marathon bombings, and providing medical care elsewhere in Africa and Asia.

text: It does not relate to Haiti.

refinement: Israeli doctors were among the first responders in Haiti after the country's devastating earthquake, and built hospitals.

question: What percentage of the gross national income does Israel give to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development?

answer: 1/10%

text: Wrong

answer: With the exception of Belgium, Israel is dead last in its gleaning of foreign assistance from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

text: Wrong

answer: One-tenth of the U.N.'s target rate.

text: Wrong

question: What percentage of individual charitable funds went to international relief over the past decade?

answer: According to the passage, only 0.1% of individual charitable funds raised in Israel went to international relief over the past decade.

answer: 0.1%

answer: 5%

text: Wrong.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: According to the speaker in the interview, Israelis tend to be less generous than many other countries when donating money to international causes. The speaker feels that this is because Israelis worry that their contributions will not be well-used, do not see philanthropy as their responsibility, or feel it is the job of the government to fulfil needs that philanthropists provide. It is unclear if this tendency bothers Israelis in general.

answer: The interviewee discusses why Israelis don't give more financially to international causes, noting that individual donation rates inside Israel are less than 0.7% of the GDP and the low rate of volunteerism. This is compared to the attitudes of other nations that engage in more giving, both inside and outside their borders. He also suggests possible reasons for this, such as a lack of political ties and complacency from the general public.

answer: The reporter argues that though Israelis are often very generous with domestic causes, they tend to give less to international ones. This, in turn, has left Israel perceived as stingy by the rest of the world. The reasons for this low rate of giving are varied and include a sense of nationalism and insecurity, as well as doubts about the high-profile, well-intentioned aid projects of the Israeli government in the past. Yet the head of the Center for the Study of Philanthropy in Israel is optimistic that habits can change, and would support efforts to increase international giving.

answer: According to the passage, Israelis are relatively reluctant to give to international charity, even though they can afford to do so, and despite Israel’s heritage as a socialist country. Reasons cited for why this might be include a lack of political relations with African countries and doubts about the usefulness of giving due to the country's prosperity and whether such efforts would help legitimize Israel on the global stage.

answer: Apparently, Israelis overall do not donate as much money to foreign causes as citizens of other developed countries do. For Israel to be seen as a 'global citizen' as the author suggests, donations - both domestically and abroad - need to increase in quantity. While groups like Israeli charity foundations do exist, it seems the larger problem is that the Israeli government lacks any clear policy on philanthropy.

answer: This is an interview with Hillel Schmid, head of Hebrew University’s Center for the Study of Philanthropy in Israel. Schmid discusses the possible reasons why Israelis give less-both personally and as a nation-on an international scale. Some reasons include a weak economy and contentious political relations with countries that were formerly allies.


text:
BILLY GILES (3 September 1957, Belfast – 25 September 1998, Belfast) was an Ulster Volunteer Force volunteer who later became active in politics following his release from the Maze Prison in 1997 after serving 14 years of a life sentence for murder.

Family life

Billy Giles was born William Alexander Ellis Giles in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 3 September 1957, and grew up in Island Street, in loyalist east Belfast. His father Sam, worked as a plater in the nearby Harland and Wolff shipyard, and his mother, Lily was a housewife. Giles was the eldest of six children. The Giles family was very religious, the Protestant church having been the centre of their lives. Giles often attended the rallies of Ian Paisley, and was strongly influenced by his sermons.[1] His father, a former soldier in the British Army, was a member of the Orange Order, The Royal Black Preceptory, and The Apprentice Boys of Derry. His brothers also served in the army.[2]

The Troubles

At the age of 14, he witnessed first-hand the events of Bloody Friday on 21 July 1972 when the Provisional IRA exploded 26 bombs across Belfast, killing nine people, and injuring 103. As the years passed, he found himself attending many funerals of friends he had lost and people he had known.[3] In 1975, he joined the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and was trained in the use of weapons and explosives by former military personnel; he had just turned 18 years old.[4] At the outbreak of the republican hunger strike in 1981, Giles had gradually become disassociated from the UVF. Following the deaths of the ten republican prisoners, however, Giles believed that, in the wake of the hunger strike, “there was going to be an uprising and they [Protestants] were all going to be slaughtered” by the IRA.[5] Giles mentally prepared himself to go to war against the IRA and therefore returned as an active member of the UVF.[6]

Killing

On 19 November 1982 in Newtownards, Billy Giles abducted a Roman Catholic married man, Michael Fay, and shot him in the back of the head, killing him instantly. He then stuffed the body in the car's boot. Fay had been Giles' friend and workmate. The killing was in retaliation for the fatal shooting of Karen McKeown, a young Protestant Sunday school teacher by the Irish National Liberation Army two months previously. Giles was arrested by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and brought to the Castlereagh interrogation centre, where he confessed to the killing. He was found guilty of the murder and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Maze Prison.[7]

Life in the Maze

Giles was housed in the prison's H-Blocks. He spent his time studying and took several GCSEs; he eventually obtained an Open University degree in Social Sciences. He also wrote a play about his childhood in Island Street called _Boy Girl_. It was later performed before a Belfast audience; his parents were present at the performance. Few people present at the performance were aware that it was the work of a UVF prisoner.[8]

It took Giles seven years before he adjusted to life inside The Maze. He gave many interviews to British journalist, Peter Taylor, to whom he confessed his deep remorse at the killing of Michael Fay, saying that he had “never felt like a whole person again” since the fatal shooting.[9]

On two separate occasions, Giles claimed he had saved the lives of prison officers inside the Maze: the first time when he stopped an inmate from cutting an officer's throat and the second time during a prison riot in March 1995 when he persuaded his inmates to stop the wrecking and to allow free passage to the block staff.[10]

Progressive Unionist Party

He was released on 4 July 1997 after serving 14 years of his life sentence. He immediately commenced work with the Progressive Unionist Party also known as PUP, and concentrated on helping released Loyalist prisoners to resettle into the community. At the signing of the Good Friday Agreement on 10 April 1998 at Stormont, Giles was part of PUP's negotiating team. He told Peter Taylor that he felt optimistic about the future of Northern Ireland and his own.[11]

Death

Despite his degree, he was unable to obtain a proper job that paid a decent salary. On the night of 24–25 September after composing a four-page letter of explanation and naming himself a “victim of the Troubles”, Billy Giles hanged himself in his living room.[12] He was 41 years old. Peter Taylor visited Giles' family in east Belfast on the eve of the funeral. He described Giles as lying in the coffin wearing his best suit, and his UVF badge with the inscribed words “For God and Ulster” was pinned to his lapel.[13] One of his last lines in his letter read, “Please let the next generation live normal lives”.[14] This line was quoted during a speech given by Colm Cavanagh, Vice-President of The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland on 3 March 2006 to The Department of Education. His friend and former UVF colleague Billy Mitchell, who was strongly critical of trauma counselling and a psychological approach to former paramilitaries, suggested that Giles' suicide had been prompted by a “trauma workshop” Giles had attended in South Africa. This was in contrast to Taylor, who believed that Giles took his own life because of the remorse he felt about his involvement in UVF violence.[15]

Giles is commemorated, along with other prominent Loyalist paramilitaries, in the controversial UVF song _Battalion of the Dead_.

[1] Taylor, pp.1–2

[2] Taylor, Peter (1999). _Loyalists_. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp.1–2

[3] Taylor, p.2

[4] Taylor, pp.2–3

[5] Taylor, p.3

[6] Taylor, p.3

[7] Taylor, pp.4–6

[8] Taylor, p.7

[9] Taylor, pp. 7–8

[10] Taylor, p. 10

[11] Taylor, p.8

[12] Taylor, pp.9–11

[13] Taylor, p.11

[14] Taylor, p.11

[15]

title: Billy Giles

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the murder Billy Giles committed?

answer: In November 1982, Billy Giles abducted a married man, Michael Fay, and shot him in the back of the head, killing him instantly. Giles stuffed the body in the car's boot and dumped it in Ballybogey. His killing was in retaliation for the fatal shooting of Karen McKeown, a young Protestant Sunday school teacher by the Irish National Liberation Army or INLA. Giles was arrested by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and brought to Castlereagh interrogation center, where he confessed to the killing. He was found guilty of the murder and sentenced to life imprisonment in Maze Prison.

answer: At age fourteen, Billy Giles witnessed the events of Bloody Friday, where the Provisional IRA exploded 26 bombs across Belfast, killing nine people and injuring 103. In 1982, at age nineteen, Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay and killed him instantly. Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment for his murder and confided to a journalist his deep remorse in committing the crime. His suicide was blamed partly on trauma caused by a workshop he attended in South Africa.

text: The line about Bloody Friday is irrelevant.

refinement: In 1982, at age nineteen, Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay and killed him instantly. Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment for his murder and confided to a journalist his deep remorse in committing the crime. His suicide was blamed partly on trauma caused by a workshop he attended in South Africa.

text: The line about his suicide is irrelevant.

refinement: In 1982, at age nineteen, Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay and killed him instantly. Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment for his murder and confided to a journalist his deep remorse in committing the crime.

text: Giles would have been 25 at the time of the killing.

refinement: In 1982, at age twenty-five, Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay and killed him instantly. Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment for his murder and confided to a journalist his deep remorse in committing the crime.

text: The answer does not mention the motive behind the murder.

refinement: In 1982, at age twenty-five, Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay and killed him instantly. The killing was retaliation for the fatal shooting of Karen McKeown, a young Protestant Sunday school teacher by the Irish National Liberation Army. Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment for his murder and confided to a journalist his deep remorse in committing the crime.

answer: According to the text, Giles told his friend, Michael Fay, he was abducted and shot in the back of the head. Giles did it because Fay was a Catholic who, the text says, had shot and killed a Protestant schoolteacher. Giles was sentenced to life for his crime.

text: The first line is inaccurate: Giles abducted and shot Michael Fay.

refinement: According to the text, Giles abducted and shot his friend Michael Fay in the back of the head. Giles did it because Fay was a Catholic who, the text says, had shot and killed a Protestant schoolteacher. Giles was sentenced to life for his crime.

answer: Billy Giles was convicted of abducting and killing a Catholic man. Giles confessed to the crime and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Giles had deep remorse following the murder, but eventually returned to the UVF. On the night of 24–25 September 1998, Giles committed suicide.

text: Giles's suicide is not relevant to the question.

refinement: Billy Giles was convicted of abducting and killing a Catholic man. Giles confessed to the crime and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Giles had deep remorse following the murder, but eventually returned to the UVF.

text: The answer does not mention the motivation for the murder.

refinement: Billy Giles was convicted of abducting and killing a Catholic man. The killing was done in retaliation for the fatal shooting of a Protestant Sunday school teacher. Giles confessed to the crime and was sentenced to life imprisonment. Giles had deep remorse following the murder, but eventually returned to the UVF.

answer: Billy Giles abducted Michael Fay, a man he was friends with and worked with. He shot him in the back of the head, killing him. The murder was a retaliation for the killing of a school teacher two months prior. Giles was sentenced to life in prison for the murder.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the Maze Prison?

answer: The Maze is referred to primarily in regards to Billy Giles' 14-year sentence for the killing of Foster, for which he served an additional nine years due to his involvement in the UVF. The gangs in the prison, which are referred to as "blocks?" are a main source of the strife pushing people towards euthanasia.

text: The line about prison gangs is unattested.

refinement: The Maze is referred to primarily in regards to Billy Giles' 14-year sentence for the killing of Foster, for which he served an additional nine years due to his involvement in the UVF.

text: The answer should mention Giles's claims about saving officers.

refinement: The Maze is referred to primarily in regards to Billy Giles' 14-year sentence for the killing of Foster, for which he served an additional nine years due to his involvement in the UVF. Giles claims to have saved the lives of prison officers on two occasions inside the Maze.

text: The text does not state that he served an additional nine years due to being involved with the UVF.

refinement: The Maze is referred to primarily in regards to Billy Giles' 14-year sentence for the killing of Foster. Giles claims to have saved the lives of prison officers on two occasions inside the Maze.

answer: The Maze Prison is where Giles was sentenced to life in prison. Although he only served 14 years of his sentence, it took him 7 years to adjust to life inside The Maze. While inside the prison, Giles claimed he had saved the lives of prison officers on two separate occasions.

answer: The Maze is located on the outskirts of Belfast.

text: The location of the Maze is unattested.

text: The answer should mention the relevance of The Maze to Billy Giles.

refinement: Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Maze Prison for the killing of Michael Fay.

text: The text should mention his claims about saving officers' lives.

refinement: Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Maze Prison for the killing of Michael Fay. While imprisoned, he claimed to have saved officers' lives on two separate occasions.

text: Should mention his release.

refinement: Giles was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Maze Prison for the killing of Michael Fay. While imprisoned, he claimed to have saved officers' lives on two separate occasions. He was released after serving 14 years.

answer: The text discusses Billy Giles' time serving time in The Maze Prison and reveals that the prison was where Giles committed the murder that landed him in jail. The text further reveals that while in prison, Giles studied and completed an Open University degree, and that following his release, he worked with the Progressive Unionist Party. The text also indicates that Giles eventually took his own life, and that his friend believes this was because of a trauma workshop Giles attended in South Africa. The text does not discuss the Maze Prison in detail other than to say it is the prison where Giles served time for his murder.

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary.

refinement: The text discusses Billy Giles' time serving time in The Maze Prison and reveals that the prison was where Giles committed the murder that landed him in jail. The text further reveals that while in prison, Giles studied and completed an Open University degree, and that following his release, he worked with the Progressive Unionist Party.

text: It is inaccurate to state that the prison was where Giles committed the murder.

refinement: The text discusses Billy Giles' time serving time in The Maze Prison for the murder of Michael Fay. The text further reveals that while in prison, Giles studied and completed an Open University degree, and that following his release, he worked with the Progressive Unionist Party.

text: Should mention his claims about officers.

refinement: The text discusses Billy Giles' time serving time in The Maze Prison for the murder of Michael Fay. The text further reveals that while in prison, Giles studied and completed an Open University degree, and that following his release, he worked with the Progressive Unionist Party. He claimed to have saved the lives of prison officers on two separate occasions.

answer: The text describes The Maze Prison as the place where Billy Giles spent his fourteen year sentence for murder. According to the text, The Maze was a difficult place to adjust to, but Giles eventually tried to find some peace and purpose there. After being released in 1997, Giles became active in the Progressive Unionist Party and worked to help released Loyalist prisoners. Giles committed suicide in 1998 after finding it difficult to find a suitable job. The text also describes The Maze Prison as a place where people adjust over time.

text: The last three sentences are unnecessary.

refinement: The text describes The Maze Prison as the place where Billy Giles spent his fourteen year sentence for murder. According to the text, The Maze was a difficult place to adjust to, but Giles eventually tried to find some peace and purpose there.

text: The text should mention his claims about officers.

refinement: The text describes The Maze Prison as the place where Billy Giles spent his fourteen year sentence for murder. According to the text, The Maze was a difficult place to adjust to, but Giles eventually tried to find some peace and purpose there. He claimed to have saved the lives of prison officers on two separate occasions.


text:
JOHN ERICKSON (born January 5, 1964) is an American professional golfer who played the Canadian Tour from 1987 to 1994 and the PGA Tour of Australasia Tour from 1987 to 1992.

Competition

Erickson was a top national collegiate player at Fresno State - Sun Bowl All American, 1985 Big West Conference champion, NCAA All-American as well as a quarter finalist in the 1983 U.S. Amateur. As a pro, he won several events worldwide including the 1991 Windsor Charity Classic shooting a 17 under par tournament record score of 271 (68-67-67-69) on the Canadian Tour. He was one of the last players to win an international event using a persimmon driver. In 1991, Erickson was a Sony World ranked professional player.

In November 2008, after 15 years of retirement, Erickson made a return to professional competition and the winner's circle taking home a 7 stroke victory in the TRGA Las Vegas Classic played at Las Vegas National Golf Club which hosted the Las Vegas Invitational on the PGA Tour throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The event was unique in that it required players to use equipment no later than 1979. No metal woods, long putters, or wedges over 56 degrees were allowed. The event followed the rules and guidelines of the Traditional Rules of Golf (TRGA).

The Golfing Machine

Erickson was an early protégé of the controversial teaching method “The Golfing Machine” that was based upon the book of the same name written by Homer Kelley. The Golfing Machine drew from physics and geometry, breaking the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The objective nature of the teaching methodology differs from the past in that the teacher must remain objective and not inject a subjective or mysterious nature into instruction. “Complexity is far more simple and workable than mystery” quoted from “The Golfing Machine” (preface). Bobby Clampett, and Mac O'Grady were also having success using the Golfing Machine model around this time period.

Retirement

In 1993 Erickson retired from competition. Erickson has been quoted as being “a promoter of the traditional values of the game” and did not favor the direction the game was moving into longer courses, bigger greens wider fairways as well as radical equipment changes such as super large-headed titanium drivers and plastic golf balls. “Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony. It should be required that the golfer to be tested across various aspects of the game including tee shots, short, mid and long irons particularly on the par 4’s as they were properly intended. Technology has been striving to remove the difficult long iron approach shot into the par fours of a championship golf course. Long iron approach shots should be the acid test of the game and the golf swing itself. A proper championship course with the traditional 10 par fours should require three or four long iron approach shots, along with the mid iron and short iron approaches”. As a golf purist, he believed woods should be made of wood or persimmon, strongly opposed perimeter weighted irons, and believed golf courses were sacred sites to celebrate and play the ancient game, not a vehicle to sell real estate home lots. Erickson believed golf should be a game of physical and mental skill, much like Chess where the rules for play are honored and respected. He believed the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit while forcing a new technology upon golf in the process losing its long-rooted traditional values. Erickson believed the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, disgraced the design, shape, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erickson is outspoken about his support for famous golf architect Alister MacKenzie's ideals, who believed golf should be walked, and the game should be more about skill than the pursuit of technological advances in equipment.

Erickson lives in the San Francisco Bay Area and still plays golf with persimmon and blade style irons promoting the traditional values of the game.

Author

Erickson has been a consultant for the Traditional Rules of Golf Association (TRGA) and has been a contributing author and part of the TRGA brain trust.

Erickson is also working on a book about the golf swing.

title: John Erickson (golfer)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe what the text states about the Golfing Machine.

answer: According to the text, The Golfing Machine is a teaching model that is based on physics and geometry which breaks the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The objective nature of the teaching methodology is meant to make instruction more objective and not include any mysterious elements. Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady and Erickson himself were among those making use of The Golfing Machine. Erickson believes that the USGA does not stand up to the equipment makers and has lost its longstanding traditional values in favor of profits. He also believes that Long iron approach shots should be the acid test for the golfer and the golf swing itself and that longer courses should require more long iron approaches.

text: This is a tautology. Instead of saying "more objective" it should say "less subjective". It is the same meaning, but sounds better to the reader.

refinement: According to the text, The Golfing Machine is a teaching model that is based on physics and geometry which breaks the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The objective nature of the teaching methodology is meant to make instruction less subjective and not include any mysterious elements. Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady and Erickson himself were among those making use of The Golfing Machine. Erickson believes that the USGA does not stand up to the equipment makers and has lost its longstanding traditional values in favor of profits. He also believes that Long iron approach shots should be the acid test for the golfer and the golf swing itself and that longer courses should require more long iron approaches.

text: These lines are not relevant to the question.

refinement: According to the text, The Golfing Machine is a teaching model that is based on physics and geometry which breaks the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The objective nature of the teaching methodology is meant to make instruction less subjective and not include any mysterious elements. Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady and Erickson himself were among those making use of The Golfing Machine.

answer: The Golfing Machine was a controversial learning method based on physics and geometry that broke the golf swing down into 24 components and was a successful way to teach Erickson.

text: More than just 24 components

refinement: The Golfing Machine was a controversial learning method based on physics and geometry that broke the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives and was a successful way to teach Erickson.

text: Erikson was the teacher, not the student

refinement: The Golfing Machine was a controversial learning method based on physics and geometry that broke the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives.

text: Add in more material about how the machine works.

refinement: The Golfing Machine was a controversial learning method based on physics and geometry that broke the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The machine aims at objectivity, meaning that the teacher is supposed to not inject a subjective or mysterious nature into instruction.

answer: The Golfing Machine is said to be drawn from physics and geometry. It breaks the golf swing into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. The object of this teaching methodology is different from other instructions by emphasis that the teacher must remain objective.

answer: The Golfing Machine is a teaching methodology developed around the 1980s that uses physics and geometry to break down the golf swing into 24 components, with the objective to remain objective and keep subjective notions out of instruction. The method also encourages golfers to focus on long iron approach shots.

text: The Golfing Machine does not focus on this

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a teaching methodology developed around the 1980s that uses physics and geometry to break down the golf swing into 24 components, with the objective to remain objective and keep subjective notions out of instruction.

text: The article does not say when it was developed

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a teaching methodology that uses physics and geometry to break down the golf swing into 24 components, with the objective to remain objective and keep subjective notions out of instruction.

text: more than just 24 components

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a teaching methodology that uses physics and geometry to break down the golf swing into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives, with the objective to remain objective and keep subjective notions out of instruction.

text: This is poorly phrased. "The objective to remain objective" contains the word in two senses which leads to unnecessary confusion.

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a teaching methodology that uses physics and geometry to break down the golf swing into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. Its goal is for the teacher to remain objective and keep subjective notions out of instruction.

answer: The Golfing Machine is a controversial teaching methodology that uses the math based science of physics and geometry to break the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. Instead if breaking down the swing as "hands and arms swing-hands and arms swing…”, one must go there to a much simpler but physically measurable expression, becoming a game of inches and millimeters which “requires golfers to develop a high degree of hand-eye coordination.” One of the players who used this method was Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady, John Erricksson and many others.

text: This is entirely made up

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a controversial teaching methodology that uses the math based science of physics and geometry to break the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. One of the players who used this method was Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady, John Erricksson and many others.

text: Add in a line about objectivity

refinement: The Golfing Machine is a controversial teaching methodology that uses the math based science of physics and geometry to break the golf swing down into 24 components, 4 power accumulators, 16 variations, and 4 imperatives. One of the players who used this method was Bobby Clampett, Mac O'Grady, John Erricksson and many others. Its aim is for the teacher to remain objective and not inject any subjective or mysterious ideas into their work.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are some of Erickson's belief about golf that the text describes once he retired?

answer: His beliefs about the game included that golf courses should be about physical and mental skill and the traditional golf clubs made of wood should be used. He did not wish for golf equipment to be changed so radically as it did then and also against long course design.

text: The final line is ungrammatical.

refinement: His beliefs about the game included that golf courses should be about physical and mental skill and the traditional golf clubs made of wood should be used. He did not wish for golf equipment to be changed so radically as it has and was also against long course design.

text: Add more about the USGA and MacKenzie

refinement: His beliefs about the game included that golf courses should be about physical and mental skill and the traditional golf clubs made of wood should be used. He did not wish for golf equipment to be changed so radically as it has and was also against long course design. In addition, he is critical of the USGA, believing that they sold the game out to equipment manufacturers. He supports Alister MacKenzie's ideals, believing the game should be walked.

answer: Erickson believes that golf should be a game of physical and mental skill, that equipment should work in harmony with the course, and that long iron approach shots should be the "acid test" of golf. He is opposed to perimeter weighted irons, believes that technology has been striving to remove the difficult long iron approach shot into the par fours of a championship golf course, and that the game is being sold out by the USGA to the equipment makers. He believes that the world's classic old courses should not be lengthened, and believes that Alister Mackenzie's ideals should be upheld. He is also working on a book about the golf swing.

text: Give a summary of how he feels about these developments to make the point explicit

refinement: Erickson believes that golf should be a game of physical and mental skill, that equipment should work in harmony with the course, and that long iron approach shots should be the "acid test" of golf. He is opposed to perimeter weighted irons, believes that technology has been striving to remove the difficult long iron approach shot into the par fours of a championship golf course, and that the game is being sold out by the USGA to the equipment makers. He believes that the world's classic old courses should not be lengthened, and believes that Alister Mackenzie's ideals should be upheld. He is also working on a book about the golf swing. He feels that golf is going in the wrong direction, and that it has been "sold out." He is described as a "golf purist."

answer: Erikson retired from playing golf competitively but had much to say about the sport. He said that golf should be a game of physical and mental skill. He also believed that the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit. He also believed the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, it disgraced the design, shake, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erikson's most prominent quote states " Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony."

text: It is clear from the question he retired. Also, this is not a news article.

refinement: He said that golf should be a game of physical and mental skill. He also believed that the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit. He also believed the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, it disgraced the design, shake, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erikson's most prominent quote states " Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony."

text: The tone is as though the model has just interviewed Erickson rather than has summarized a wiki article.

refinement: He believes golf should be a game of physical and mental skill. He thinks that the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit. He also believes the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, it disgraced the design, shake, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erikson's most prominent quote states " Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony."

text: This is a subjective idea of prominence.

refinement: He believes golf should be a game of physical and mental skill. He thinks that the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit. He also believes the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, it disgraced the design, shake, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erikson states "Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony."

text: More should be added about how he favors old equipment

refinement: He believes golf should be a game of physical and mental skill. He thinks that the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, selling the game out for profit. He wants the game to be played with old equipment. He also believes the world's classic old courses were not meant to be lengthened and in doing so, it disgraced the design, shake, and intention of how the holes should be played. Erikson states "Golf is a game played outside on a parkland where the course and the equipment should work in harmony."

answer: Erickson believes in traditional values of the game, and in particular, supports traditional course design with longer iron approach shots and prefers wood clubs over titanium and plastic clubs. He is also an advocate of keeping the game more skill-based than focused on equipment advances.

text: More about how he feels about the institutional changes

refinement: Erickson believes in traditional values of the game, and in particular, supports traditional course design with longer iron approach shots and prefers wood clubs over titanium and plastic clubs. He is also an advocate of keeping the game more skill-based than focused on equipment advances. He believes the USGA did not stand up to the equipment makers, and sold the game out for profit. He follows Alister MacKenzie's ideals, who believed golf should be walked.

answer: He believes in wooden woods and irons, which are types of clubs. He dislikes perimeter-weighted irons. He believes golf courses are sacred sites to celebrate and play the ancient game, not a vehicle to sell real estate home lots. He believes in the sanctity of the rules and believes the USGA doesn't stand up to equipment makers. He believes technology is ruining the game while trying to sell the game to the public.

text: The technology is being sold to the players not the public.

refinement: He believes in wooden woods and irons, which are types of clubs. He dislikes perimeter-weighted irons. He believes golf courses are sacred sites to celebrate and play the ancient game, not a vehicle to sell real estate home lots. He believes in the sanctity of the rules and believes the USGA doesn't stand up to equipment makers. He believes technology is ruining the game and that golf should be kept to the traditional way.


text:
Brian T. Smith of the Houston Chronicle talked to Bud Selig yesterday about the Astros move to the American League West and the rebuilding process.

Check out the full article here.

Aside from pumping up the "very attractive" American League Selig says that the Astros moving to the AL West was "simple geography" and the only "logical choice." Astros County does an excellent job of addressing those issues FJM-style.

What I don't understand is why Selig is saying anything at all. He is one of the most hated figures in Houston and that hate goes way beyond the switch to the American League. In getting the Astros to switch to the AL Selig and the owners dragged their feet in approving Jim Crane. Drayton agreed to sell the team to Crane in May but approval from MLB didn't come until November. Then there's the Hurricane fiasco which resulted in the Astros being no-hit by the Chicago Cubs in the Milwaukee Brewers' home ballpark, a team Selig formerly owned. Fans are upset with this but this wasn't the headline in Astros fans eyes. Why reopen the wound and pour salt in it. It's very troll like.

Selig comes off as one of those guys that only thinks his ideas are pure gold and is completely baffled by anyone who challenges them.

  MLB commissioner Bud Selig said Tuesday he fully understands fans' complaints and sympathizes with their pro-National League pull. But Selig told the Houston Chronicle the only "logical choice" for baseball was to relocate the Astros to the AL, and he believes fans won't question the move five years from now.

Oh that's nice, he knows how we feel! This plan is pure gold and we'll take five years to get over what was built over fifity years.

  The American League is very attractive

Oh yeah? Attractive enough to be worth seventy-five million dollars less than an N.L. team?

Now, he did follow this up by explaining the numbers game about evening out the divisions. I have to say I agree. The dividsions need to be even, that is logical. But, the Astros aren't the ONLY logical choice to move.

  Selig said the primary reason for the Astros' AL relocation came down to simple geography

Here lies my biggest issue. Tell me how the geography makes sense? In this age, as clack says, "where teams have to travel by bus," geography doesn't have much of an impact anymore. Every other major sport has no issues with it. The Dallas Cowboys are in a division with the New York Giants and Washington Redskins. Are the L.A. Clippers and L.A. Lakers a huge rivalry? That's as close as you get in geographical locations yet it doesn't have much of an impact. What really matters is history between two teams and Bud Selig doesn't get that. Then, add in that Houston is actually further away from all of their new divisional foes outside of Dallas than previous, this argument makes less sense. Go read Astros County's post that was linked to earlier, it gives you the actual mileage.

But, it's all o.k. Bud says the Brewers have "tremendous" rivalries with the other N.L. Central teams and that had to be preserved. Bud created this mess by moving his beloved Brewers to the N.L. so he wants to keep that going. No way he's going to devalue that franchise even though their history doesn't lend itself to rivalries like the Astros have.

Finally, Selig approves of the Astros rebuilding strategy which is of course something you say after screwing over someone. Ironically, he has no issues with all of the problems that everyone else seems to be complaining about, including Buster Olney in his new insider piece. Payroll? Nope, Bud is good with that. Terrible losses? Nope, he trusts the plan and those enacting the plan. He actually says the Astros rebuilding plan will be good for baseball! Well, that's nice...

question: What is the tone of this article?

answer: Sarcastic

text: The interviewer spoke to Selig, but then says in the article "What I don't understand is why Selig is saying anything at all," and the article is peppered with hostile rhetorical questions which give a very sarcastic tone

answer: The tone of this article is somewhat critical. The author points out some of the perceived negative aspects of the Astros switch to the American League, as well as, Bud Selig's perceived lack of logic for the move. It also highlights Selig's unwavering confidence in the Astros' rebuilding strategy despite widespread criticism.

text: The author describes Selig's actions as "very troll like" and questions nearly everything Selig has said; it is more than "somewhat critical" and also quite sarcastic

refinement: The tone of this article is very critical and sarcastic. The author points out some of the perceived negative aspects of the Astros switch to the American League, as well as, Bud Selig's perceived lack of logic for the move. It also highlights Selig's unwavering confidence in the Astros' rebuilding strategy despite widespread criticism.

text: Remove the comma after "as well as"

refinement: The tone of this article is very critical and sarcastic. The author points out some of the perceived negative aspects of the Astros switch to the American League, as well as Bud Selig's perceived lack of logic for the move. It also highlights Selig's unwavering confidence in the Astros' rebuilding strategy despite widespread criticism.

answer: The tone of this article is largely supportive of MLB commissioner Bud Selig, despite murmurs of discontent from Astros fans.

text: The article is not supportive at all of Selig; it sarcastically mocks nearly everything Selig says

refinement: The tone of this article is sarcastic and largely critical of MLB commissioner Bud Selig.

question: What is the source of this article?

answer: The Houston Chronicle

answer: The Houston Chronicle

answer: This article is from the Houston Chronicle.

question: What sport is discussed in the article?

answer: Baseball

answer: Baseball

answer: Baseball.

question: How does the author feel about Selig?

answer: The author seems to have an overall negative opinion of Selig, considering the tone of the article and various statements. They are likely frustrated with Selig for the way he handled the Astros moving to the American League and the subsequent criticism it received.

text: The author describes Selig's actions as "very troll like" and says "Selig approves of the Astros rebuilding strategy which is of course something you say after screwing over someone"

answer: The author perceives Selig as being overly confident in his decisions despite how unpopular they may be, as well as irresponsible in creating the problems with the Astros/AL switch. Further, the author believes Selig lacks consideration for the feelings of Houston fans.

text: The author describes Selig's actions as "very troll like" and says "Selig approves of the Astros rebuilding strategy which is of course something you say after screwing over someone"

answer: They feel negatively towards him.

text: The author describes Selig's actions as "very troll like" and says "Selig approves of the Astros rebuilding strategy which is of course something you say after screwing over someone"

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

text: Provide a response

refinement: Brian T. Smith of the Houston Chronicle criticizes Bud Selig's decision to move the Astros to the American League West. Smith criticizes Selig for failing to understand or consider the fans, and argues that Selig's reasoning for the move does not add up.

answer: Brian Smith of the Houston Chronicle interviews Bud Selig about the Astros move to the American League West. Selig claims it was a matter of geography, but Smith sarcastically questions if the move was necessary. Selig continues discussing the Astros rebuilding strategy, which smith replies to sarcastically.

text: Capitalize Smith's name

refinement: Brian Smith of the Houston Chronicle interviews Bud Selig about the Astros move to the American League West. Selig claims it was a matter of geography, but Smith sarcastically questions if the move was necessary. Selig continues discussing the Astros rebuilding strategy, which Smith replies to sarcastically.

answer: Bud Selig expresses support for the Astros move to the American League west, and speaks at length about the reasoning behind their relocation.

text: Should note that the author is intensely critical of Selig and his reasoning

refinement: Bud Selig expresses support for the Astros move to the American League west, and speaks at length about the reasoning behind their relocation. The author, Brian T. Smith, is very critical of the move and responds sarcastically and skeptically to Selig's reasoning for it.

answer: Bud Selig is not happy with the decision the American League made to allow the Houston Astros to relocate after fifty years of being in National League.

text: The decision to move the Astros to the American League from the National League was made by Selig; the criticism comes from the author

refinement: The author, Brian T. Smith, is not happy with the decision Bud Selig made to relocate the Houston Astros to the American League after fifty years of being in National League.

text: The article does not say how long the Astros were in the National League

refinement: The author, Brian T. Smith, is not happy with the decision Bud Selig made to relocate the Houston Astros to the American League from the National League.

answer: On a day that has seen the rain in Houston Wednesday, what fans really want is more than Bud Selig giving platitudes and then subsequently praising the Astros rebuild.

text: The weather is never mentioned; "what fans really [...]" is ungrammatical; response is practically unrelated

text: Provide a response

refinement: Brian T. Smith of the Houston Chronicle criticizes Bud Selig's decision to move the Astros to the American League West. Smith criticizes Selig for failing to understand or consider the fans, and argues that Selig's reasoning for the move does not add up.

answer: Bud Selig appears to be a bitter troll who only wants to give his decisions the thumbs up and make the rest of baseball suffer for it.

text: The response would be correct if it included that that is the view of the author

refinement: According to the author, Brian T. Smith, Bud Selig appears to be a bitter troll who only wants to give his decisions the thumbs up and make the rest of baseball suffer for it.

text: Note that this is in response to the Astros being moved to the American League

refinement: The article is in response to the Bud Selig's decision to move the Astros to the American League. According to the author, Brian T. Smith, Bud Selig appears to be a bitter troll who only wants to give his decisions the thumbs up and make the rest of baseball suffer for it.


text:
At least one dead after violence erupts for first time in week of protests against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

At least one person has been shot dead as Thai government supporters and foes clashed for the first time in a week of demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

Ten people were also injured, hospital sources told Al Jazeera. It was not immediately known who fired the shots.

The shooting in the capital, Bangkok, occurred after dark on Saturday night following scattered violence involving government opponents waylaying and beating several people they believed were going to a rally at a stadium of “Red Shirt” government supporters.

Earlier on Saturday, protesters marched on the country’s two main telecommunications enterprises in Bangkok in an effort to paralyse the government.

They have for the past week occupied or besieged government offices in what they describe as a civil disobedience campaign. They have vowed to seize the prime minister’s offices on Sunday.

A mix of royalists, southerners and the urban middle class, the government’s opponents are collectively called the Yellow Shirt movement and are united by their dislike for Thaksin Shinawatra, the controversial former prime minister.

Thaksin, a one-time telecoms tycoon, was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile, but he is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck.

‘DEMOLISH THE REGIME’

Protesters were demanding the removal of the “Thaksin regime” and the replacement of the government with an unelected “people’s council”.

Suthep Thaugsuban, the protest leader and a former Thai deputy prime minister, said the demonstrators remained “very upbeat”.

“If we demolish the Thaksin regime … we will set up a people’s council, which will come from people from every sector,” he said.

  ---------------------------------
  Thailand protests: Then and now
  ---------------------------------

Reporting from the city’s centre, Al Jazeera’s Scott Heidler said the government had earlier made an effort to keep the Red Shirts away from the Yellow Shirts.

Turnout was expected to surge over the weekend as organisers seek a final push before celebrations for Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s birthday on December 5, which is traditionally marked in an atmosphere of calm and respect.

The protest organisers have declared Sunday a “day of victory”, with plans to gather near the heavily guarded Government House, besiege more important buildings – even Bangkok’s zoo – and to tighten their blockade of government ministries.

SEVERAL CHALLENGES

Prime Minister Yingluck has faced down several legal and institutional challenges in recent weeks from the opposition Democrat Party, many of whose members have taken to the streets with the anti-government protesters.

The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return, and have continued despite the Senate’s rejection of the bill.

Puea Thai came to power in 2011 elections on a wave of Thaksin support, after a bloody 2010 military crackdown on Red Shirt protests under the then Democrat-led government left some 90 people dead.

Thaksin is adored by many of the country’s rural and urban working class but hated by many southerners, middle-class Thais and the Bangkok elite, who see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

In a statement released on Friday, Prayuth Chan-O-Cha, the Thai army chief, urged protesters to respect “the democratic process under the law”, urging people to come together.

Source

:

Al Jazeera, News Agencies

question: Why are there protests in Thailand?

answer: They are protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

text: It misses to mention why they're protesting the Prime Minister

refinement: They are protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. Thaksin Shinawatra is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck. He was ousted in a military coup in 2006. The opposition believes that the government is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "week of protests against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra" is evidence of who they are protesting

answer: The protests are against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

text: It misses to mention why they're protesting the Prime Minister

refinement: The protests are against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. Thaksin Shinawatra is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck. He was ousted in a military coup in 2006.

text: "week of protests against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra" is evidence of who they are protesting

answer: The protests in Thailand are due to opposition to the current government, which is led by Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, who is believed to be backed by her brother Thaksin Shinawatra. The opposition believes that the government is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "Thaksin, a one-time telecoms tycoon, was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile, but he is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck === who see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy" is evidence of why the people are protesting in Thailand.

answer: The protests in Thailand are due to the fact that the government is run by Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a military coup in 2006.

text: There is no evidence in the text that suggests that the government is still run by Thaksin Shinawatra.

refinement: The protests in Thailand are due to the fact that Thaksin Shinawatra is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck. He was ousted in a military coup in 2006.

text: It misses to mention that the opposition believes that the government is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

refinement: The protests in Thailand are due to the fact that Thaksin Shinawatra is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck. He was ousted in a military coup in 2006. The opposition believes that the government is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "Thaksin, a one-time telecoms tycoon, was toppled in a military coup in 2006" is evidence that Thak was ousted.

question: Why are they protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra?

answer: Because it is believed that her brother, Thaksin is actually the real power behind his younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra.

text: "Thaksin is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck"  is evidence of who is believed to be the real power behind Yingluck's government.

answer: They are protesting against her because they believe she is a puppet of her brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a military coup in 2006.

text: "Thaksin, a one-time telecoms tycoon, was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile, but he is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck" is evidence that it is widely believed of who is behind Yingluck's government -hence the protests.

answer: The protesters are protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra because they believe that she is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: The answer fails to mention that Thaksin is believed to be behind his sister, Yingluck's goverment.

refinement: The protesters are protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra because they believe that her older brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a military coup in 2006 is the one behind her government and he is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy" is evidence of the threat people believe.

answer: The protesters are protesting against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra because they believe that she is a puppet of her brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a military coup in 2006. They want to remove the "Thaksin regime" and replace the government with an unelected "people's council".

text: "Thaksin, a one-time telecoms tycoon, was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile, but he is widely believed to be the real power behind the government of his younger sister Yingluck" is evidence that it is widely believed of who is behind Yingluck's government -hence the protests.

text: "Protesters were demanding the removal of the 'Thaksin regime' and the replacement of the government with an unelected “people’s council" is evidence that suggest people want to replace the goernment with a 'people's council'

question: Why do people not like Thaksin?

answer: People do not like Thaksin because he is seen as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy" is evidence of why the people don't like Thaksin.

answer: He was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile

text: The answer misses to mention that Thaksin is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

refinement: People see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy. He was toppled in a military coup in 2006 and lives in self-imposed exile.

answer: People do not like Thaksin because they believe he is corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy" is evidence of why the people don't like Thaksin.

answer: Thaksin is adored by many of the country's rural and urban working class but hated by many southerners, middle-class Thais, and the Bangkok elite, who see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy.

text: "Thaksin is adored by many of the country’s rural and urban working class but hated by many southerners, middle-class Thais and the Bangkok elite, who see him as corrupt and a threat to the monarchy" is evidence that he is adored but also not liked.

question: When did the protests escalate?

answer: The protests escalated after the ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin's return.

text: "The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return" is evidence for as to when the protests escalated.

answer: The protests escalated after the ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin's return.

text: "The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return" is evidence for as to when the protests escalated.

answer: The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return.

text: "The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return" is evidence for as to when the protests escalated.

answer: After the ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return.

text: "The protests escalated after her ruling Puea Thai party tried to introduce an amnesty that could have allowed Thaksin’s return" is evidence for as to when the protests escalated.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: At least one person has been shot dead as Thai government supporters and foes clashed for the first time in a week of demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.

answer: The article is about the protests in Thailand against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and the Thaksin regime.

text: The summary misses to mention the escalation in protest that caused at lease one death.

refinement: The article is about the escalating protests in Thailand against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and the Thaksin regime, that has left at least one dead.

answer: Violence erupted in Bangkok on Saturday night as rival groups of protesters clashed, leaving at least one dead.

text: The summary misses to mention who and why the people are protesting.

refinement: Violence erupted in Bangkok on Saturday night as rival groups of protesters clashed, leaving at least one dead. They are protesting against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra and the Thaksin regime.

answer: At least one person has been shot dead as Thai government supporters and foes clashed for the first time in a week of demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.


text:
JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1] The intermittent stream of the valley is a small west flowing tributary of Pine Hollow about four miles southeast of Delaware on Mahans Creek.[2] The source area for the hollow stream is at and the confluence with Pine Hollow is at .[3]

Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain.[4]

[1]

[2] _Bartlett, Missouri,_ 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1964 (revised 1985

[3]

[4]

title: Jam Up Hollow

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Jam Up Hollow?

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a small west flowing tributary of Pine Hollow. The source area for the hollow stream is at and the confluence with Pine Hollow is at . Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: The information about the stream is irrelevant. Besides, Jam Up Hollow is the valley, not the stream.

refinement: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri. Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley located in Shannon County, Missouri. The valley is a small west flowing tributary of Pine Hollow and is characterized by its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: Jam Up Hollow isn't the stream but the valley.

refinement: Jam Up Hollow is a valley located in Shannon County, Missouri. It is characterized by its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

text: Characteristics: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: A valley in Shannon County in the US state of Missouri.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: A valley.

text: The answer is too vague and un-informative.

refinement: A valley in Shannon County in Missouri, US.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam up hollow is a valley in Shannon County in Missouri.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where is it located?

answer: Missouri, US

text: The answer should include the county.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is located in Shannon County, Missouri.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: The US state of Missouri.

text: The answer should include the county too.

refinement: Shannon County in the US state of Missouri.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is located in Shannon County in the United States, southeast of Delaware.

text: The answer should be clearer about the stream being southeast of Delaware.

refinement: Jam Up Hollow is located in Shannon County in the United States, its stream beginning southeast of Delaware.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

text: Southeast of Delaware: "The intermittent stream of the valley is a small west flowing tributary of Pine Hollow about four miles southeast of Delaware on Mahans Creek."

answer: Missouri.

text: The answer is too vague.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is Missouri?

answer: The United States

text: Missouri is a state in the United States.

answer: A state in the U.S.

text: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is located in Missouri.

text: The answer is completely irrelevant.

text: There's no answer.

answer: A U.S. state.

text: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: The above passage describes Jam Up Hollow, a valley located in Missouri. Therefore, Missouri is a state located in the U.S.

text: The "deduction" in the answer is both unnecessary and wrong.

text: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How was the valley named?

answer: It was named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: On account of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: The valley was named because of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: The valley was named "Jam Up Hollow" because of its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: This information can't be found.

text: The article clearly states: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

refinement: Because of its uneven and narrow terrain.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County with an uneven and narrow terrain which got its name on account of its unique terrain.

text: The answer can be more specific about where the valley is.

refinement: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County, Missouri in the US, with an uneven and narrow terrain which got its name on account of its unique terrain.

text: The valley's naming is phrased awkwardly since its terrain isn't "unique". The terrain just inspired the name.

refinement: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County, Missouri in the US, with an uneven and narrow terrain, which is where it got its name.

text: Naming: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County in Missouri named because its uneven and narrow terrain.

text: Naming: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Shannon County, Missouri, US.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

answer: Jam Up Hollow is a valley in Missouri with an uneven and narrow terrain.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."

text: Naming: "Jam Up Hollow was so named on account of its uneven and narrow terrain."

answer: Hollow Up Jam is a valley in the U.S. state of Missouri.

text: Valley: "JAM UP HOLLOW is a valley in Shannon County in the U.S. state of Missouri."