text:
[From left, LOWELL P. WEICKER JR., of Connecticut, born in Paris, was told he was eligible for the Oval Office. GEORGE ROMNEY, born in Mexico, ran for the presidency in 1968. BARRY GOLDWATER was born in the Arizona territory in 1909, before it became a state. CHESTER A. ARTHUR was born in Vermont, but rumors suggested it was Canada.]

-   Feb. 28, 2008
-

WASHINGTON — The question has nagged at the parents of Americans born outside the continental United States for generations: Dare their children aspire to grow up and become president? In the case of Senator John McCain of Arizona, the issue is becoming more than a matter of parental daydreaming.

Mr. McCain’s likely nomination as the Republican candidate for president and the happenstance of his birth in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 are reviving a musty debate that has surfaced periodically since the founders first set quill to parchment and declared that only a “natural-born citizen” can hold the nation’s highest office.

Almost since those words were written in 1787 with scant explanation, their precise meaning has been the stuff of confusion, law school review articles, whisper campaigns and civics class debates over whether only those delivered on American soil can be truly natural born. To date, no American to take the presidential oath has had an official birthplace outside the 50 states.

“There are powerful arguments that Senator McCain or anyone else in this position is constitutionally qualified, but there is certainly no precedent,” said Sarah H. Duggin, an associate professor of law at Catholic University who has studied the issue extensively. “It is not a slam-dunk situation.”

Mr. McCain was born on a military installation in the Canal Zone, where his mother and father, a Navy officer, were stationed. His campaign advisers say they are comfortable that Mr. McCain meets the requirement and note that the question was researched for his first presidential bid in 1999 and reviewed again this time around.

But given mounting interest, the campaign recently asked Theodore B. Olson, a former solicitor general now advising Mr. McCain, to prepare a detailed legal analysis. “I don’t have much doubt about it,” said Mr. Olson, who added, though, that he still needed to finish his research.

Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina and one of Mr. McCain’s closest allies, said it would be incomprehensible to him if the son of a military member born in a military station could not run for president.

“He was posted there on orders from the United States government,” Mr. Graham said of Mr. McCain’s father. “If that becomes a problem, we need to tell every military family that your kid can’t be president if they take an overseas assignment.”

The phrase “natural born” was in early drafts of the Constitution. Scholars say notes of the Constitutional Convention give away little of the intent of the framers. Its origin may be traced to a letter from John Jay to George Washington, with Jay suggesting that to prevent foreigners from becoming commander in chief, the Constitution needed to “declare expressly” that only a natural-born citizen could be president.

Ms. Duggin and others who have explored the arcane subject in depth say legal argument and basic fairness may indeed be on the side of Mr. McCain, a longtime member of Congress from Arizona. But multiple experts and scholarly reviews say the issue has never been definitively resolved by either Congress or the Supreme Court.

Ms. Duggin favors a constitutional amendment to settle the matter. Others have called on Congress to guarantee that Americans born outside the national boundaries can legitimately see themselves as potential contenders for the Oval Office.

“They ought to have the same rights,” said Don Nickles, a former Republican senator from Oklahoma who in 2004 introduced legislation that would have established that children born abroad to American citizens could harbor presidential ambitions without a legal cloud over their hopes. “There is some ambiguity because there has never been a court case on what ‘natural-born citizen’ means.”

Mr. McCain’s situation is different from those of the current governors of California and Michigan, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jennifer M. Granholm, who were born in other countries and were first citizens of those nations, rendering them naturalized Americans ineligible under current interpretations. The conflict that could conceivably ensnare Mr. McCain goes more to the interpretation of “natural born” when weighed against intent and decades of immigration law.

Mr. McCain is not the first person to find himself in these circumstances. The last Arizona Republican to be a presidential nominee, Barry Goldwater, faced the issue. He was born in the Arizona territory in 1909, three years before it became a state. But Goldwater did not win, and the view at the time was that since he was born in a continental territory that later became a state, he probably met the standard.

It also surfaced in the 1968 candidacy of George Romney, who was born in Mexico, but again was not tested. The former Connecticut politician Lowell P. Weicker Jr., born in Paris, sought a legal analysis when considering the presidency, an aide said, and was assured he was eligible. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. was once viewed as a potential successor to his father, but was seen by some as ineligible since he had been born on Campobello Island in Canada. The 21st president, Chester A. Arthur, whose birthplace is Vermont, was rumored to have actually been born in Canada, prompting some to question his eligibility.

Quickly recognizing confusion over the evolving nature of citizenship, the First Congress in 1790 passed a measure that did define children of citizens “born beyond the sea, or out of the limits of the United States to be natural born.” But that law is still seen as potentially unconstitutional and was overtaken by subsequent legislation that omitted the “natural-born” phrase.

Mr. McCain’s citizenship was established by statutes covering the offspring of Americans abroad and laws specific to the Canal Zone as Congress realized that Americans would be living and working in the area for extended periods. But whether he qualifies as natural-born has been a topic of Internet buzz for months, with some declaring him ineligible while others assert that he meets all the basic constitutional qualifications — a natural-born citizen at least 35 years of age with 14 years of residence.

“I don’t think he has any problem whatsoever,” said Mr. Nickles, a McCain supporter. “But I wouldn’t be a bit surprised if somebody is going to try to make an issue out of it. If it goes to court, I think he will win.”

Lawyers who have examined the topic say there is not just confusion about the provision itself, but uncertainty about who would have the legal standing to challenge a candidate on such grounds, what form a challenge could take and whether it would have to wait until after the election or could be made at any time.

In a paper written 20 years ago for the Yale Law Journal on the natural-born enigma, Jill Pryor, now a lawyer in Atlanta, said that any legal challenge to a presidential candidate born outside national boundaries would be “unpredictable and unsatisfactory.”

“If I were on the Supreme Court, I would decide for John McCain,” Ms. Pryor said in a recent interview. “But it is certainly not a frivolous issue.”

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where was McCain born?

answer: The Senator was born in the Panama Canal Zone.

answer: In the Panama Canal Zone.

answer: McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone.

answer: In Panama territory.

answer: The Panama Canal.

text: It's Panama Canal Zone.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the problem for McCain's presidential campaign?

answer: The constitution says one must be a "natural born citizen" to be elected President of the United States of America.

text: It is omitted that McCain's birthplace is outside the United States.

refinement: The constitution says one must be a "natural born citizen" to be elected President of the United States of America, but McCain's birthplace is outside the United States.

answer: Several experts and scholarly reviews question McCain's eligibility to be president. They claim the issue has never been resolved.

text: It is omitted that McCain's birthplace is outside the United States.

refinement: Several experts and scholarly reviews question McCain's eligibility to be president as his birthplace is outside the United States. They claim the issue has never been resolved.

text: The second sentence is unnecessary.

refinement: Several experts and scholarly reviews question McCain's eligibility to be president as his birthplace is outside the United States.

answer: The problem for McCain's presidential campaign is that there is unresolved legal ambiguity over whether someone born outside the fifty U.S. states is qualified to be President.

answer: The problem for McCain's presidential campaign is whether he qualifies as a natural-born citizen under the Constitution. This is an issue because McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone, which has raised confusion as to whether or not he qualifies. Though there are arguments that McCain meets the requirement for natural- born citizenship, there is no precedent for this situation, leading many to believe that this issue could cause problems for McCain.

text: There is an extra space after the hyphen in "natural-born" in the last sentence.

refinement: The problem for McCain's presidential campaign is whether he qualifies as a natural-born citizen under the Constitution. This is an issue because McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone, which has raised confusion as to whether or not he qualifies. Though there are arguments that McCain meets the requirement for natural- born citizenship, there is no precedent for this situation, leading many to believe that this issue could cause problems for McCain.

answer: McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone. The issue is about the meaning of the phrase "natural-born citizen," which is required by the constitution. McCain's citizenship was established by statutes covering the offspring of Americans abroad, which may not be enough for a definitive ruling as far as the phrase "natural-born" is concerned.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Has any other candidate faced this issue?

answer: Barry Goldwater did for being born in Arizona in 1909 before it became a State.

text: "State" should not be capitalized.

refinement: Barry Goldwater did for being born in Arizona in 1909 before it became a state.

answer: Chester Arthur, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and now John McCain.

text: The article did not mention George W. Bush and Barack Obama having citizenship issues, and John McCain should not be on the list since the question asks for candidates other than him.

answer: Yes, Barry Goldwater and George Romney both ran for president while having been born outside of the continental United States.

answer: Yes, Barry Goldwater was born in the Arizona territory in 1909, before it became a state. Other candidates, including George Romney and Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. were rumored to be ineligible.

answer: Yes, Barry Goldwater was born three years before the state of Arizona was established.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where was the 21st President, Chester A. Arthur born?

answer: Vermont.

text: It's omitted that there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

refinement: Vermont, but there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

answer: Some have rumored that Chester A. Arthur was born in Canada.

text: It's Vermont. His being born in Canada is just a rumor.

refinement: It's Vermont, but some have rumored that Chester A. Arthur was born in Canada.

answer: Vermont, but there were rumors he was born in Canada.

answer: Vermont.

text: It's omitted that there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

refinement: Vermont, but there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

answer: Vermont.

text: It's omitted that there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

refinement: Vermont, but there are rumors that he was born in Canada.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Despite not having precedent, many believe that Senator John McCain, born in the Panama Canal Zone, is eligible to become president under the US Constitution. Some have raised concerns over his eligibility, but scholars and campaign advisers generally believe that he meets the "natural-born citizen" requirement. There is still some confusion over the precise meaning of the law, and if challenged, this issue would be unpredictable and unsatisfactory to resolve.

answer: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, who was born in the Panama Canal Zone to Navy officers in the 50s when the territory was the US, and not the country.

text: Only McCain's father is a Navy officer. His mother is not. "The Canal Zone, where his mother and father, a Navy officer, were stationed" is evidence that not both parents are in the Navy.

refinement: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, who was born in the Panama Canal Zone as his father is a Navy officer in the 50s when the territory was the US, and not the country.

text: It is omitted that his father is stationed in the Panama Canal Zone.

refinement: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, who was born in the Panama Canal Zone as his father is a Navy officer stationed there in the 50s when the territory was the US, and not the country.

text: Senator McCain was born in 1936, not in the 50s.

refinement: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, who was born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 as his father is a Navy officer stationed there when the territory was the US, and not the country.

text: "when the territory was the US, and not the country" does not make any sense and best removed.

refinement: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, who was born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 as his father is a Navy officer stationed there.

text: It is omitted that McCain's eligibility to run as president is questioned.

refinement: This article discusses the idea of natural-born citizenship for President. It specifically discusses John McCain, whose eligibility to run as president is questioned, as he was born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 as his father is a Navy officer stationed there.

answer: The article discusses the candidacy of John McCain and the fact that he was not a natural-born U.S. citizen - leading many to wonder whether he was legally allowed to be President. The article examines similar cases in American history, and speculates.

text: The hyphen before "leading" should be a comma.

refinement: The article discusses the candidacy of John McCain and the fact that he was not a natural-born U.S. citizen, leading many to wonder whether he was legally allowed to be President. The article examines similar cases in American history, and speculates.

text: The comma after "history" should be removed.

refinement: The article discusses the candidacy of John McCain and the fact that he was not a natural-born U.S. citizen, leading many to wonder whether he was legally allowed to be President. The article examines similar cases in American history and speculates.

answer: With Senator John McCain's nomination as the Republican candidate for president, the question of whether a candidate born outside the continental United States can be considered natural-born has come up again. Although no American to take the presidential oath has had an official birthplace outside the 50 states to date, questions remain about whether McCain is eligible. Although there are arguments in favor of his eligibility, there is still no definitive legal resolution of the issue. It remains unclear whether a legal challenge could even be made.

answer: The text provides a brief history of children born in the United States, all of whom are natural-born citizens, and the confusing and inconsistent history of the United States government's position on the citizenship requirement for President. It then talks about Senator John McCain, who was not born in the fifty states of the United States, but it thinks his candidacy is kosher under federal law, and that he is as American as those born in the states.

text: The article did not discuss " a brief history of children born in the United States, all of whom are natural-born citizens." This may be removed from the summary.

refinement: The text discusses the confusing and inconsistent history of the United States government's position on the citizenship requirement for President. It then talks about Senator John McCain, who was not born in the fifty states of the United States, but it thinks his candidacy is kosher under federal law, and that he is as American as those born in the states.

text: "It thinks his candidacy is kosher under federal law" is inaccurate. The news article does not have its own opinion about McCain's eligibility to run as President.

refinement: The text discusses the confusing and inconsistent history of the United States government's position on the citizenship requirement for President. It then talks about Senator John McCain, who was not born in the fifty states of the United States but whose candidacy may still be eligible under federal law, and that he is as American as those born in the states.

text: The text is a news article.

refinement: The news article discusses the confusing and inconsistent history of the United States government's position on the citizenship requirement for President. It then talks about Senator John McCain, who was not born in the fifty states of the United States but whose candidacy may still be eligible under federal law, and that he is as American as those born in the states.

text: "States" is capitalized.

refinement: The news article discusses the confusing and inconsistent history of the United States government's position on the citizenship requirement for President. It then talks about Senator John McCain, who was not born in the fifty states of the United States but whose candidacy may still be eligible under federal law, and that he is as American as those born in the States.


split: train

text:
“BETTY'S BABY BUMP” is the 16th episode in the second season, and the 39th episode overall, of the American dramedy series _Ugly Betty_, which aired May 8, 2008. The episode was written by Dawn DeKeyser from a teleplay by Bill Wrubel, and directed by Linda Mendoza.

Plot

The story begins with a romantic dinner between Betty and Henry, only to be interrupted by Charlie. Frustrated by Charlie's interference, Betty tells Henry that the only way to solve this problem is be around Charlie, so Betty switches gears with rival Charlie and tries to befriend her by first accompanying Charlie to her yoga class. However efforts to befriend her during the yoga class failed, resulting the yoga instructor throwing them out of the class. Then Betty decides to throw a baby shower. Charlie does everything in her power to make Betty miserable by complaining about all the littlest things. Despite efforts by Henry to start a long distance romance, Claire tries to put a little sense into Betty by pinching her elbow and to let Betty know that she will have to give up her future with Henry eventually. At the baby shower, Betty finally confronts Charlie, only to have Charlie tell Betty that her water broke. They soon share a sweet moment of reconciliation before she has her baby. Henry then arrives and witnesses the birth of his son, but as the rest of Betty's family look on, Betty soon realizes that she cannot keep a long distance relationship with Henry while he has a child.

Meanwhile, Hilda confronts Justin's PE teacher when she learns Justin is flunking gym. Coach Diaz expresses his belief that everyone should benefit from some exercise so he decides to fail Justin for constantly skipping class. Justin is not happy about Hilda confronting Coach Diaz, so Hilda invites him to the salon for a haircut. Hilda admits to Betty that she had a crush on Coach Diaz, but things turn worse when Hilda got distracted and nick the coach in the ear during his haircut visit. After that incident she goes down to the school and talks to the coach to apologize. He then tells Hilda that he will pass Justin if Justin help out with the choreography for the cheerleading squad. Afterwards, Hilda asked for his first name, to which he says its Tony. It looks like Hilda has all of a sudden fallen for him.

Daniel unravels after his break-up with Renee and has affected his work at _MODE_ and it is not sitting well with Claire, Alexis or Betty. So he reluctantly sees a shrink who he would later have sex with. After a night of sexual escapades that resulted in his wallet getting stolen, Daniel shows up at the Suarezes asking for money. After a walk with Betty's father Ignacio, Daniel learns that he should find himself something that he can be passionate about. Later he returns to the office to help Claire and Alexis with the upcoming issue.

Christina finally learns who fathered the baby she's carrying for Wilhelmina during a medical checkup. She runs away to her apartment, where her husband Stuart was staying, after she sees the name of the father (Bradford Meade) on the sonogram at the doctor's office. While she was there, Stuart tells Christina that she has Wilhelmina in a weak spot and should bargain her for the baby. When Stuart calls Wilhelmina over, Christina runs away (to Betty's place for advice) saying that there is a baby to think about, but eventually returns to Wilhelmina saying that she will have the baby if Wilhelmina promises to care and love the baby and give it everything it deserves.

Soon, Wilhelmina, who had been using this baby ploy as part of her “comeback” to _MODE_ via media exposure, takes that advice from Christina to heart, then visits the Meades and reveals that she is having Bradford's baby by showing the sonogram over the _MODE_ logo and that she will give it exactly what it deserves: A third of the Meade empire.[1]

Production

This episode marks Eddie Cibrian's debut as a recurring character Coach Anthony Diaz. Cibrian was expected to become a regular in the third season, but eventually ended his role early in season 3 instead. This also marks Jayma Mays' last episode as Charlie. Cibrian and guest star Kari Matchett were also regulars on the short-lived 2005-2006 ABC sci-fi series _Invasion_.

Reception

Quotes _Entertainment Weekly_'s Tanner Stransky about this bittersweet episode: “In this situation, my concern is squarely for Betty: Is the girl even considering her own happiness? She's the one having to make the concessions if this arrangement goes forward. Since the new baby needs his father around, Henry will have to be away — all the way in Tucson. But if Betty and Henry are going to be together forever, one would assume that they, too, would have children one day. What happens then? Does Betty have to move to Arizona so she can raise a family near Henry? Leave her own family and career behind? Or raise her children alone? Or would she and Henry wait 18 years until this new little tyke heads off to college and Henry can come back to New York? Thankfully, I think Betty realized all this at the episode's heartbreaking end — she cried and hugged Ignacio as Henry gleefully held his new son at Charlie's side. Just as her heart was being ripped out, mine was, too. But Betty knows what she has to do, which is, without question, break up with Henry. She should take comfort in the fact that Claire Meade is always around if she ever feels like backsliding into Henry's arms.”[2]

Ratings

As with the previous episode, this one also scored a 5.6/9 rating in the United States.[3]

Also starring

-   Eddie Cibrian as Coach Anthony Diaz
-   Jayma Mays as Charlie
-   Derek Riddell as Stuart McKinney

Guest starring

-   Rob Brownstein as Dr. Weiss
-   Kari Matchett as Dr. Wallace
-   Brandon Johnson as the paramedic
-   Jennifer Say Gan as the instructor

[1]

[2] From EW.com

[3] From zap2it.com

title: Betty's Baby Bump

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the excerpt say about babies?

answer: The excerpt indicates that babies are a source of stress for Betty and Henry. Betty tries to befriend Charlie in an effort to be a good step mother, only to discover that Charlie is not going to make this easy. There also seems to be an ongoing strain on Betty's relationship with Henry due to Henry having a baby, which leads to Betty ultimately deciding that she should break up with him. The stress of babies is also evident in Christina's story, in which the protagonist ultimately agrees to give her baby to Wilhelmina in order to provide it with everything it deserves.

text: Use the correct spelling for stepmother.

refinement: The excerpt indicates that babies are a source of stress for Betty and Henry. Betty tries to befriend Charlie in an effort to be a good stepmother, only to discover that Charlie is not going to make this easy. There also seems to be an ongoing strain on Betty's relationship with Henry due to Henry having a baby, which leads to Betty ultimately deciding that she should break up with him. The stress of babies is also evident in Christina's story, in which the protagonist ultimately agrees to give her baby to Wilhelmina in order to provide it with everything it deserves.

answer: The excerpt states that this episode explores the issue of babies and their impact on relationships. It reveals that Betty becomes estranged from Henry due to Charlie's water breaking and Henry witnessing the birth of their son. It also reveals that Hilda and Tony fall in love and Christina agrees to have Wilhelmina's baby while she knows that Wilhelmina will love and care for it. However, it concludes by stating that Betty knows that she needs to break up with Henry because she needs to think of her own happiness and not just the baby's. The excerpt, therefore, concludes that babies have a significant impact on relationships and that people need to think of their own happiness when considering whether or not to have a baby.

text: Remove the apostrophe.

refinement: The excerpt states that this episode explores the issue of babies and their impact on relationships. It reveals that Betty becomes estranged from Henry due to Charlie's water breaking and Henry witnessing the birth of their son. It also reveals that Hilda and Tony fall in love and Christina agrees to have Wilhelmina's baby while she knows that Wilhelmina will love and care for it. However, it concludes by stating that Betty knows that she needs to break up with Henry because she needs to think of her own happiness and not just the baby. The excerpt, therefore, concludes that babies have a significant impact on relationships and that people need to think of their own happiness when considering whether or not to have a baby.

answer: Betty switches gears with her rival, Charlie, and tries to befriend her by accompanying her to her yoga class. When that doesn't work, Betty decides to throw a baby shower. The yoga instructor then throws them out of the class. Charlie does everything in her power to make Betty miserable by complaining about all the littlest things. However, Henry arrives and witnessed the birth of his son.

text: The response failed to answer the question.

refinement: Babies are a source of stress for Betty and other characters in the episode. The episode also explores the impact babies have on relationships.

answer: Betty attends a yoga class in order to befriend Charlie because Charlie had intervened during Betty and Henry's romantic dinner earlier in the episode. Betty does not want Henry to feel as though he is being replaced by the baby. Charlie also showers Betty with complaints about Betty's every move at a baby shower, which she throws in an effort to butter Charlie up. Charlie tells Betty that her water had broken, and Charlie and Betty share a sweet moment of reconciliation before Charlie has her baby. Henry was there to witness the birth of his son. Meanwhile, Hilda had a crush on Coach Diaz at school, but Nicked him in the ear when she saw him. This distracts coach Diaz, which leads to him telling Hilda that he'll pass Justin on if he helps with the choreography for the cheerleading squad. The result is that Hilda ends up falling in love with coach Diaz.

answer: Charlie is pregnant. She's having a tiff with her rival, Betty. Betty decides to throw a baby shower for Charlie. At the baby shower, Charlie informs Betty that her water broke. They have a moment of reconciliation before she has her baby. Henry arrives and witnesses the birth of his son. Betty realizes she cannot keep a long distance relationship with Henry while he has a child. Christina is also pregnant, carrying for Wilhelmina, and learns who the father of the baby is during a medical checkup. Stuart tells Christina that she has Wilhelmina in a weak spot and should bargain for the baby. Christina runs away to Betty's place for advice saying there's a baby to think about. Eventually, she returns to Wilhelmina saying that she will have the baby if Wilhelmina promises to care for and love the baby giving it everything it deserves. Wilhelmina, who is using the baby as a ploy to stage her comeback to "MODE" via media exposure, takes advice from Christina to heart, and visits Meades and reveals that she's having Bradford's baby by showing the sonogram. She will give it everything it deserves: a third of the Meade empire.


text:
[A young woman keeps track of how much life insurance she needs after using SelectQuote's life insurance calculator]
Life insurance isn’t one-size-fits-all and most people have no idea how much life insurance they need. Purchasing life insurance can often seem like a daunting process and you might be wondering where to even begin.

Our life insurance calculator will help you determine what your family’s ongoing and one-time expenses are, and give you a head start on determining the right life insurance policy and amount for you.

Below, we break down the steps of estimating how much life insurance you might need.

STEP 1: DO YOU NEED LIFE INSURANCE COVERAGE?

While many people might think they might not need life insurance coverage, it’s actually an extremely smart investment for anyone to consider. Whether you’re married, have children, are single, have purchased a home, or traveled the world, life insurance is a sure way to safeguard your loved ones in the case the unexpected happens.

STEP 2: PUT TOGETHER YOUR BASIC INFORMATION.

Since life insurance replaces lost income and pays for outstanding debt, upcoming expenses, and final expenses,  you’ll want to make sure the amount of coverage you purchase is enough to help your loved ones cover all of these costs.

STEP 3: THINK ABOUT YOUR FAMILY.

Do you currently have or are you planning on having any children? If you currently have children, how old is your youngest? Any other dependents? These questions will help you determine the length of your life insurance policy. Term life insurance policies are a smart investment for younger families, as they’re set to expire close to when you achieve major financial life events; things like paying off your mortgage, becoming an empty-nester or when your kids are no longer dependent on your income are just a few examples. Permanent life insurance, such as whole life insurance or universal life insurance, are other options to consider, but as the name alludes, this kind of coverage is meant to last your entire lifetime.

STEP 4: CONSIDER YOUR ASSETS.

How much do you have in savings and liquid assets, not including retirement? How much do you have in retirement savings and college funds? Do you currently have any life insurance? How much?

Your assets include your savings, investments,existing life insurance policies, and these questions can help you assess how much wealth you’ve already accumulated that you can pass on to your survivors and how much life insurance would be beneficial.

STEP 5: CONSIDER YOUR DEBTS.

Do you currently have a mortgage? Do you have any other debt? Just like we have to determine your assets, we also have to determine your liabilities. Factors like your mortgage payoff date are important to know in order to recommend the length of a term life insurance policy.

STEP 6: THINK ABOUT YOUR PREFERENCES.

How much of a financial cushion would you like to give your family? The cost of life insurance will depend on a number of factors, but both the type of coverage and amount of coverage will have an impact.

Our life insurance calculator is a good place to start when trying to determine how much life insurance coverage might be right for you and your family, but weighing all your options and sifting through the fine print can become time consuming and overwhelming. We can help simplify the process, providing coverage and cost comparisons from some of the most trusted insurance companies in just minutes. We’ll take the time to get to know your needs and find the best life insurance policy options available to you.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize three reasons a person might consider moving to this type of life insurance.

answer: The person might find themselves in an early stage of financial life with a young family, needing an infusion of financial protection. This person might find themselves facing retirement and want to lock in a guaranteed ongoing income. The person might be in need of ongoing financial support.

answer: If someone has family, they would want to make sure their loved ones will be okay in the event of their passing-untimely or otherwise. They might also want to make sure their assets are secure and will be passed on, in this vein. Paying off debts and handling funeral costs are two other-and specific-things that this life insurance can figure out for buyers.

answer:
1. Life insurance can help protect your loved ones in the case of an unexpected death.
2. There are numerous expenses that need to be covered following the death of a family member, so life insurance can help financially protect them.
3. Life insurance can also help a person save for retirement, college funds, and other expenses.

text: This is not stated.

refinement:
1. Life insurance can help protect your loved ones in the case of an unexpected death.
2. There are numerous expenses that need to be covered following the death of a family member, so life insurance can help financially protect them.
3. Life insurance can also help a person save for college funds and other expenses.

answer: The article states that life insurance pays for outstanding debt, upcoming expenses, and final expenses. Not only that, but it is a smart investment as it safeguards your loved ones.

answer: First, life insurance is a great way to safeguard loved ones in the case of an unexpected tragedy. Second, life insurance will pays for any outstanding debts, upcoming expenses, and final expenses your family might incur after your death. Finally, life insurance can save time and energy by streamlining the process of finding the right policy and amount of coverage. By considering your family's needs and assets, buyers can choose the right type and amount of coverage for their needs.


text:
Shapes in the night.

You know those nights you're deep asleep then suddenly you're not. There's no loud noise or anything, your just wide awake. Something isn't right, you can always tell. Your eyes, wide open, straining in the darkness to see something in the dim light oozing round the edge of the curtains from the street. You're being perfectly still, if someone or something is there you don't want them to know you're awake just yet.
Then you see it, an outline in the darkness, black on black but definitely there. Your heart stops as you freeze.
Don't look away.
It hasn't seen you're awake yet. Just get ready to move, go for the bedside lamp and your swiss army knife on the table.
Don't look away.
You make your move, swinging up and out of bed in one motion, the light is on and you can see, it's just a jacket on the back of the door.

Monsters aren't real.

We've all had those nights. Nights where dream and reality blurs together just enough to scare the shit out of you as your imagination, unbound by the normal constraints of waking life, is allowed to run free. It can take even a few minutes for reality to assert itself and logic to prevail, after all, why would someone be staring in your bedroom window at night?

When I have these nights I try to remind myself that it's my mind playing tricks on me and that there's nothing in the room with me. I roll over, making noises like I'm asleep just in case, but I can't forget it. I need to check. Despite thinking things over it's hard to apply logic to something from an illogical realm of existence. Sure enough, it's a shadow or something making me scared over nothing once more.

Monsters aren't real.

I don't know what causes this in me but it happens once every month or so, it's not a schedule or anything, it just seems to happen from time to time. Most of the time I can't even remember my dreams. I sleep soundly from when I nod off to when I wake.

Tonight, I'm exhausted, it was a long day at work. I was tired from the moment I came home but I'm not great at napping so I don't bother. I either sleep for too long and can't sleep at night or just can't sleep because I'm tired but not sleepy.

I must have drifted off about 1am. It's definitely later now and I'm suddenly awake once again. I can feel my heart racing in my chest and the hair on the back of my neck is on edge. Something isn't right. I'm facing the wall. I can't let whatever it is know I'm awake. I grunt a bit as I roll over, it's dark. I can see the sliver of light from the top of the curtains and I can make out some shapes in blackness of the room. My desk, my wardrobe. There's an outline. Something is definitely there.
Don't look away.
Remember to breath, sleeping people breath. Get ready to go for the light and your knife, it's on the desk.
Don't look away.
I make my move, eyes locked on the shape as I flick the light and grab my knife, the light is on and I can see.

It seems I was wrong.

title: Shapes in the night

question: What wakes the narrator?

answer: The narrator wakes up because they feel something isn't right.

answer: He doesn't know what wakes him. One minute he's asleep and then he awakes knowing something isn't right.

answer: The narrator is awoken by a sense that something is not right in the room. They are able to see shapes in the darkness, but upon turning on the light they find that there is nothing there.

text: A sense that something isn't right.

question: Why does he pretend that he is asleep?

answer: He doesn't want the imagined intruder to know that he is awake.

answer: He pretends to be asleep because he is scared of what he might see.

answer: The protagonist pretends to be asleep because he is afraid of what he might see if he is awake. He knows that whatever is in the room with him is not a threat, but he is still afraid of it. Pretending to be asleep gives him a chance to assess the situation without alerting the creature to his presence.

text: He imagines there's an intruder in the room and he doesn't want to alert it to his being awake.

refinement: He imagines there's an intruder in the room and he doesn't want to alert it to his being awake.

question: Why does he grab his Swiss knife?

answer: He grabs his Swiss knife because he believes there is something in the room with him that he needs to defend himself against.

answer: He is afraid of the dark and thinks there is something in his room.

text: That he needs to defend himself against.

refinement: He is afraid of the dark and thinks there is something in his room that he needs to defend himself against.

text: He grabs his Swiss knife because he believes there is something in the room with him that he needs to defend himself against.

refinement: He grabs his Swiss knife because he believes there is something in the room with him that he needs to defend himself against.

answer: He feels he needs protection from the intruder.

question: What is the monster?

answer: It is a jacket hanging behind the door.

answer: The monster is a shadow.

text: Of a jacket.

refinement: The monster is a shadow of a jacket on the door.

answer: There is no monster in the room, it was just a shadow or something else innocuous.

text: It's a jacket.

refinement: There is no monster in the room, it was just a shadow or something else innocuous: a jacket.

answer: It's a jacket on the back of the door.

question: Write a ~9 sentence summary.

answer: The protagonist is in bed and wakes up to see a shape in the room. They are scared and try to remain still, but they eventually get up and turn on the light. It turns out to be a jacket on the back of the door.

answer:
The narrator is in bed, trying to sleep. They are suddenly awake, and they see an outline in the darkness. They freeze, trying not to look away. They get ready to move, going for the bedside lamp and their Swiss army knife on the table. They make their move, swinging up and out of bed in one motion, the light is on and they can see, it's just a jacket on the back of the door. Monsters aren't real.

The narrator has these nights once a month or so. They are exhausted from work, and they sleep soundly from when they nod off to when they wake. They drift off about 1am, and they are suddenly awake once again. They feel their heart racing in their chest and the hair on the back of their neck is on edge. They try to remind themselves that it's their mind playing tricks on them and that there's nothing in the room with them. They roll over, making noises like they're asleep just in case, but they can't forget it. They need to check. They make their move, eyes locked on the shape as they flick the light and grab their knife, the light is on and they can see. It seems they were wrong.

text: Too long.

refinement:
The narrator is in bed, trying to sleep. They are suddenly awake, and they see an outline in the darkness. They freeze, trying not to look away, they get ready to move, going for the bedside lamp and their Swiss army knife on the table. They make their move, swinging up and out of bed in one motion, the light is on and they can see, it's just a jacket on the back of the door.

The narrator has these nights once a month or so. They are exhausted from work, and they sleep soundly from when they nod off to when they wake. They drift off about 1am, and they are suddenly awake once again. They try to remind themselves that it's their mind playing tricks on them and that there's nothing in the room with them. They need to check so they make their move, eyes locked on the shape as they flick the light and grab their knife, the light is on and they can see - it seems they were wrong.

answer:
You know the nights when you’re asleep and then suddenly you’re not. You don’t know what has woken you. You don’t move in case something is in your room. You don’t want the intruder to know you are awake.

You see an outline in the darkness. You grab your Swiss knife from the side table. This happens to the narrator on a regular basis. He knows that monsters aren’t real but he battles to separate reality from illusion. Most nights he sleeps but on others, he wakes in a cold sweat.

answer: In this short story, the narrator describes a time when they were awoken in the middle of the night by a sense that something was wrong. They were able to see a shape in the darkness, but upon turning on the light they found it was just an ordinary object. They conclude that monsters are not real, and that it was just their imagination playing tricks on them.


text:
	There she sat, across the table, with those shadowy pools of mud looking me over. She was a stranger, yet in that dark room, I felt we were one in the same.

	“Let’s play a game shall we?” she said with a sandpapered voice, broken down by countless cigarettes and what sounded like battery acid.  Her familiarity with me was unsettling, like a cold hand on my shoulder.

	“What’s this game called?” I said, inflating my voice beyond capacity.

	“It doesn’t have one.”

	“Well how do you win?”

	“You don’t.”

	“Then why play?”

	“To figure some things out.”

I was more confused than when I entered the room, yet was more comfortable with her.  Her tattered clothes and boots suited her as a dress and heels on a night out in the city.  Her voice even became more pleasing, more like a hum of a record player than channel surfing a sea of static.  She roles two dice over to me.  They cut the heavy silence like a pair of rabid dogs, landing in my lap.

	“What are these symbols?”

	“You tell me, they’re your dice.”

I drop the stones on the table, they come up with a stopwatch and a knife.

	“So who do you want to kill?”

	“I don’t want to kill anyone!” Oh, now this girl knows what they mean? I move to get up, there’s nothing for me here.

	“What are you waiting for?”

	“What do you mean?  I’m waiting for some answers you are not providing.” I move towards the door, maybe I’ll find my answers out there.

	“You are waiting for something that’s going to hurt, aren’t you?”  I felt the weight of my feet plunge into the ground. Shackles around my ankles chained me to the floor, numbing growing up my legs.  “Or are you waiting for something to heal?”  I sit down.

               “Who are you?”

She nods at the dice, willing me to continue this cycle.  A flag and a star.

“You don’t strike me as a patriotic man”

“I’m not.”

“Then what are you so proud of you need to claim so ferverously?”

I took a minute to respond, looking at her, looking at myself.  Not finding anything in my studies.  I’m not really proud of anything, but don’t want to show her that she’s getting anywhere.

“Why aren’t you playing this game?” I said with a snap.

“I am.”

“Why aren’t you answering then?”

“I am. You just aren’t listening.”

“Fine. I’ll listen, now you roll them.” I slam the dice down in front of her, not really understanding my anger fully.  I guess I haven’t felt this vulnerable in a while.  She looks at them, and then up at me with such a piercing glare, the cold numbing has turned to radiant heat.  She picked up the dice and rolled.  The dice seemed to clatter around for an eternity before coming to a peaceful rest.  A telescope and a mirror.

“Oh, so are you supposed to tell me who I am?  Are you supposed to be my tired old subconscious, willing me to find myself?”  The heat of my sarcasm is palpable, as I find myself growing more comfortably into her role, the enforcer.  Her sharp glare softens, as the pools of mud saturate.  She seemed for the first time, at a loss for words, paralyzed.

“I am nothing like you. I am not your cliché subconscious.  I am so distant and disillusioned I can’t care for anything, can’t claim anything to be proud of.  I sit and wait for everyday to end so I don’t feel this numbing anymore.  You haven’t learned anything because you haven’t been listening.  I’m trying to help you.  This game isn’t for winning, but you don’t have to lose either.”

She got up and headed towards the door.  I wanted to say something. I wanted to alleviate her sorrows, tell her things weren’t all that bad.  I didn’t though, wrought with a paralyzing guilt, and stricken with immense sadness.

As she walked out of the threshold, I heard the door close on my cell, cutting me off from the outside world.  As I sit in silence, I hear the faint click of the lock behind me. I smile a slight crack and look down at the dice.  They stare back at me intently, with a glowing presence.  I reach down and grab them for a minute, before laying them down again. I have some questions first, some listening to do.

title: I was bored and decided to write this. Still needs editing, but I'd like your opinion first.

question: What's the relationship between the girl and the narrator?

answer: The girl seems to be an enforcer of sorts, stepping in to help the narrator understand hidden truths in the darkness. The narrator seems to be unsettled or even afraid of the girl, but also appreciates her insights. Although the narrator doesn't always agree with the girl, he or she seems to be drawn to and fascinated by her.

text: It is not implied that the girl seems to be an enforcer of sorts.

refinement: The girl seems to help the narrator understand hidden truths in the darkness. The narrator seems to be unsettled or even afraid of the girl, but also appreciates her insights. Although the narrator doesn't always agree with the girl, he or she seems to be drawn to and fascinated by her.

text: Not 'truths in the darkness.', rather in himself.

refinement: The girl seems to help the narrator understand hidden truths in himself. The narrator seems to be unsettled or even afraid of the girl, but also appreciates her insights. Although the narrator doesn't always agree with the girl, he or she seems to be drawn to and fascinated by her.

text: It does not seem he is afraid of her.

refinement: The girl seems to help the narrator understand hidden truths in himself. The narrator seems to be unsettled but also appreciates her insights. Although the narrator doesn't always agree with the girl, he or she seems to be drawn to and fascinated by her.

text: 'Her familiarity with me was unsettling, like a cold hand on my shoulder.' is evidence that he feels unsettled.

text: 'I wanted to alleviate her sorrows, tell her things weren’t all that bad. I didn’t though, wrought with a paralyzing guilt, and stricken with immense sadness.' implies that he appreciates her insights and seems to be drawn to and fascinated by her.

answer: It appears that the girl is a guide or guardian of some sort. As the narrator initially illustrates, he feels trapped or held captive by whatever is happening, though eventually he begins to participate willingly. The girl is sympathetic, but can't answer the narrator's questions; he finds the dice a more effective medium for communication.

text: It is not stated that he finds the dice a more effective medium for communication.

refinement: It appears that the girl is a guide or guardian of some sort. As the narrator initially illustrates, he feels trapped or held captive by whatever is happening, though eventually he begins to participate willingly. The girl is sympathetic, but can't answer the narrator's questions.

text: A comma is missing/unecessary.

refinement: It appears that the girl is a guide or guardian of some sort. As the narrator initially illustrates, he feels trapped or held captive by whatever is happening, though eventually, he begins to participate willingly. The girl is sympathetic but can't answer the narrator's questions.

text: 'I felt the weight of my feet plunge into the ground. Shackles around my ankles chained me to the floor, numbing growing up my legs.' implies that he feels trapped or held captive by whatever is happening

text: ' I’m waiting for some answers you are not providing.' implies that she can't answer the narrator's questions.

text: '“Why aren’t you answering then?” “I am. You just aren’t listening.”' implies that the girl is a guide or guardian of some sort.

answer: It seems the girl was his subconscious.

text: Incorrect.

question: What is the setting of the narration?

answer: That information isn't clear.

text: It is said that they are in a cell.

answer: The narrator is in a cell.

text: 'I heard the door close on my cell,' is evidence they are in his cell.

answer: In a prison cell.

text: It is not stated it is a prison cell.

question: Why was the narrator in a cell?

answer: That information can't be found.

answer: It is not stated.

answer: It's not clear.

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: A man encounters a woman in a room and they play a game.

answer: The narrator plays a dice game with a distorted warbling voice that is behind a mirror, and finds his voice and realizes they've been conversing for quite some time without him knowing.

text: It is not stated that plays with a distorted warbling voice that is behind a mirror, and finds his voice and realizes they've been conversing for quite some time without him knowing.

refinement: The narrator plays a dice game with a girl.

answer: The text is a story about a man and a woman who engage in an abstract game in a cell.

answer: The narrator plays roulette with the woman in the dark club, challenging themselves to answer her questions.

text: It is incorrect that he is playing roulette with the woman in the dark club, challenging themselves to answer her questions.

refinement: The narrator plays roulette with the woman in the dark club, challenging themselves to answer her questions.

answer: The narrator interacts with a woman in a dark room, during which they play a game while sharing how they feel about themselves.

text: It is not stated that they are sharing how they feel about themselves.

refinement: The narrator interacts with a woman in a dark room, during which they play a game.

answer: The narrator engaged in a mind game with what seemed like his subconscious, an unidentified girl, in his cell.

text: It is not implied that the girl represents his subconscious.

refinement: The narrator engaged in a mind game with what seemed like his subconscious, an unidentified girl, in his cell.


text:
At least three killed after explosion on train bound for southern city of Karachi, officials say.

At least three people have been killed after an explosion on a train travelling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi, officials and witnesses say.

The blast took place in an economy class train compartment on the Shalimar Express train near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province on Monday.

“The bomb, planted in one of the bathrooms, went off near the Punjab provincial district of Toba Tek Singh,” Nasir Khalili, the deputy superintendent of Pakistan Railways, told Al Jazeera.

Khalili confirmed that at least three people had been killed and 12 others injured in the blast.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.

Khalili said railway authorities had received several threats during the month of July, and had informed the security services of them.

The train service was reportedly full to capacity with passengers travelling ahead of the Muslim holiday of Eid-al-Fitr.

Television footage showed the explosion had damaged the roof of the carriage but not forced the train off the rails, suggesting a relatively low-intensity blast.

Source

:

Al Jazeera, News Agencies

question: When did the explosion occur?

answer: The explosion occurred on Monday.

answer: The explosion occurred on Monday.

answer: The explosion occurred on Monday.

answer: The explosion took place on Monday.

question: Where did the explosion occur?

answer: The explosion occurred on the train.

text: "The explosion occurred on the train." - is a bit vague and must include details available from the source.

refinement: The explosion occurred in an economy class train compartment on the Shalimar Express train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi, near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province.

answer: The explosion occurred on a train travelling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi.

text: "travelling" - change the spelling to "traveling"

refinement: The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi.

text: "The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi." - add that it happened "near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province"

refinement: The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi, near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province.

answer: The explosion occurred on a train travelling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi.

text: "travelling" - change the spelling to "traveling"

refinement: The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi.

text: "The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi." - add that it happened "near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province"

refinement: The explosion occurred on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi, near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province

answer: The explosion took place in an economy class train compartment on the Shalimar Express train near the town of Toba Tek Singh. The bomb was planted in the bathroom. The train was headed for the city of Karachi.

question: Who is responsible for the explosion?

answer: There is no definitive answer to this question as of yet. However, it is likely that the person or group responsible for the explosion is yet to be determined.

text: "There is no definitive answer to this question as of yet. However, it is likely that the person or group responsible for the explosion is yet to be determined." - does not answer the question of who was responsible for the blast. There is a definitive answer: There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast. Needs a complete rewrite.

refinement: There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.

answer: There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.

answer: No one immediately claimed responsibility for the blast.

answer: The bomb, planted in one of the bathrooms, went off near the Punjab provincial district of Toba Tek Singh.

text: "The bomb, planted in one of the bathrooms, went off near the Punjab provincial district of Toba Tek Singh." - does not answer the question of who was responsible for the blast. Needs a complete rewrite.

refinement: There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.

question: How many people were injured in the explosion?

answer: 12

answer: 12 people were injured in the blast.

answer: 12 people were injured in the explosion.

answer: At least 12 people were injured in the explosion.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: At least three people were killed after an explosion on a train travelling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi. The blast took place in an economy class train compartment on the Shalimar Express train near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province.

text: Change spelling of "travelling" to "traveling"

refinement: At least three people were killed after an explosion on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi. The blast took place in an economy class train compartment on the Shalimar Express train near the town of Toba Tek Singh in Punjab province.

answer: At least three people were killed and 12 others injured after an explosion on a train travelling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi on Monday. The cause of the blast is not yet known.

text: Change spelling of "travelling" to "traveling"

refinement: At least three people were killed and 12 others injured after an explosion on a train traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore and Karachi on Monday. The cause of the blast is not yet known.

answer: A bomb exploded on a train in Pakistan, killing at least three people.

text: Did not meet the 2-sentence summary requirement. Add more details on where the incident occurred.

refinement: A bomb exploded on a train traveling between Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan, near the Punjab provincial district of Toba Tek Singh. At least three people died and 12 others were injured in the blast that went off in one of the bathrooms in the train.

answer: At least three people were killed after an explosion occurred on a train that was traveling from the Pakistani cities of Lahore to Karachi. There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.

text: Change "from" to "between" for conciseness

refinement: At least three people were killed after an explosion occurred on a train that was traveling between the Pakistani cities of Lahore to Karachi. There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast.


text:
     It's funny how people act in the coffee rooms at funeral homes. They're all sad or they act sad out of respect. They all drink coffee and eat the cookies that they put out on the table, and they talk about how the body looks for a while, then they start talking about politics or the weather or some damn boring thing. It happens at every viewing I've ever been to. I even do it. I sat there the other night at my great aunts viewing and I nodded my head when people talked about how natural she looked and all that, and I ate three big cookie, then I looked down at my gut and was disgusted because I'm a damn glutton.
	Anyways, two things happened when we all left the funeral home: the first thing was I offered to be a pallbearer. It was my great aunt Margret's viewing, like I said, and my grandma said that me or my brother ought to be pallbearers. My brother's real nervous about some things, one of them is being around dead people. He was afraid he'd drop the casket or something, so I offered to do it, but Margret's niece said no. She told my grandma later that the reason she said no was because I looked like a clown because of my hair. I have long shaggy hair that I dye blood red.
     The second thing is that I noticed the damn Christmas tree in the corner near the door in the lobby -- it's getting close to Christmas now. It was tall and green and decorated in bright white lights and silver tinsel and big red bulbs with the names of all the dead people who were shown there that year written on them with permanent marker. I saw Margret's name in the center.
	I thought it was sort of strange, decorating the tree with the dead. I think that funeral homes are strange altogether. When you die everybody you ever met practically comes and cries and get all sad at the site of your leftover meat.
	When I got back home I started over to my friend Darren's house.
	Darren and I have went to school together since fourth grade, but we just started hanging out this year because we've always ran with different crowds. His friends are the kind of guys that wear gym shorts all year long and lust after Air Jordans and Beats Headphones and try to punk out everybody so they can feel tough. Plus, we've never had any classes together or anything until this year, but Darren's probably my favorite friend.
      The only problem with us hanging out is that he smokes a lot of weed and he's got me smoking a lot too. Last weekend we blew fifteen bucks on weed, smoked it all and stayed up until four listening to The Beatles.
	He's never listened to much music outside of rap, so I've been trying to show him some good stuff. He always acts like he likes it, but he's probably just entertaining me. He's probably just telling me he likes it because we're friends and he's nice. Darren's a real nice sensitive guy under all that wanna-be-thug shit he's always doing. He's nicer than me in a lot of ways, like when he's listening to rap and I don't like it, I tell him and bitch until he turns it off, and when he turns it off, he isn't even mad about having to doing it because he's real considerate. I wish I was that considerate.
	Anyways, Darren and I ended up going down to the cemetery and smoking a fat joint. I told him about the funeral home Christmas tree and he said that the funeral home was retarded.
	"They won't be putting my name on some damn bulb," he said. Then he talked about the rapture through the rest of the cemetery. He told me that we weren't going to have to worry about funerals because we weren't really going to die because we  were going up in the rapture. Darren was always talking about the rapture. He never went to church, but he had all the faith
in the world that the rapture was going to happen at any minute and he had all the faith in the world that the two of us were going.
	He told me once that I'm the only friend he likes to talk to about the rapture. It was probably because I'm the only one
who will even listen. I don't believe in the Bible, but I don't mind talking about Bible stuff if I care about the person doing most of the talking.
	If Heaven exists, Darren will go because he's nice and sensitive. If there's a Heaven, Margret's there because she was a real sweet lady. It's a nice idea, the idea of Heaven, I mean. I guess I'd rather float up to a cloud kingdom than to get old and die and be buried in a boxes.
	Anyways, I'm not sure why he thinks I'm going to Heaven.
	Once we got out of the cemetery, we saw this old tin can in the middle of the street, and the street was empty because it was about nine at night or later and it was cold and everybody besides the two of us were inside around heater and wrap in blankets, probably. Anyways, we started kicking the can down this alley and we kept falling down and laughing because we were stoned.
	We kept on kicking the can down the alleys until I had to piss. I went behind this old white shed, unbuttoned my pants and
unzipped and started pissing. There was this Oldsmobile behind me, it was parked on the other side of the alley, I thought it was empty because it was dark and I couldn't see through the
windows. Well, somebody was in it, and halfway through my piss, whoever it was  beeped the horn and scared me half to death,
 and I ended up pissing down my leg. I zipped up my pants and Darren and I got the hell out of the alley as fast as we could. It was funny, though. I didn't even mind the piss on my leg that much.

title: [UR] Funeral Home Christmas Tree

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the type of person Darren is?

answer: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds meaningful, and he is always open to discussing matters of faith and the afterlife. By contrast, the protagonist also recognizes that Darren behaves differently from him: whereas the protagonist is easily irritated, Darren is patient and kind.

text: Darren is OK with listening to the music the narrator prefers. The answer conveys this wrongly and weirdly.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he is always open to discussing matters of faith and the afterlife. By contrast, the protagonist also recognizes that Darren behaves differently from him: whereas the protagonist is easily irritated, Darren is patient and kind.

text: Darren talks a lot about the rapture, not religious stuff in general.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he always talks about the rapture. By contrast, the protagonist also recognizes that Darren behaves differently from him: whereas the protagonist is easily irritated, Darren is patient and kind.

text: The sentence about the narrator's behavior offering a contrast to Darren is either redundant or irrelevant.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he always talks about the rapture.

text: Darren smokes a lot of weed. The answer omits this.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he always talks about the rapture. Darren smokes a lot of weed, and he's got the narrator started as well.

text: The answer omits that Darren listens to rap a lot.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he always talks about the rapture. He likes to listen to rap a lot. Darren smokes a lot of weed, and he's got the narrator started as well.

text: The answer omits Darren's thug-like demeanor that hides his sensitive side.

refinement: The story portrays Darren as a sensitive, considerate person. He listens to music his friend finds likes despite not usually listening to it, and he always talks about the rapture. He likes to listen to rap a lot. Darren smokes a lot of weed, and he's got the narrator started as well. Darren acts tough and thug-like, hiding his sensitive nature.

answer: Darren is a nice guy who listens to his friend as they share their stories and viewpoints. He's a sensitive guy under all the thug talk, and he's considerate when it comes to his friend's opinions. Darren has all the faith in the world in the rapture, and he believes only those who have a pure heart, such as himself, will make it to heaven. It seems Darren has never tried to go against the temptations he was always exposed to on the streets.

text: The sentence about Darren's exposure to temptation on the streets is made up.

refinement: Darren is a nice guy who listens to his friend as they share their stories and viewpoints. He's a sensitive guy under all the thug talk, and he's considerate when it comes to his friend's opinions. Darren has all the faith in the world in the rapture, and he believes only those who have a pure heart, such as himself, will make it to heaven.

text: The story doesn't mention anything about the purity of heart for the rapture. That part is made up. Darren thinks he and the narrator will make it to heaven.

refinement: Darren is a nice guy who listens to his friend as they share their stories and viewpoints. He's a sensitive guy under all the thug talk, and he's considerate when it comes to his friend's opinions. Darren has all the faith in the world in the rapture, and he believes the two of us will make it to heaven.

text: The answer omits that Darren likes rap.

refinement: Darren is a nice guy who listens to his friend as they share their stories and viewpoints. He's a sensitive guy under all the thug talk, and he's considerate when it comes to his friend's opinions. Darren has all the faith in the world in the rapture, and he believes the two of us will make it to heaven. He likes to listen to rap most of the time.

answer: Darren is a kind guy who is sensitive and considerate. He enjoys cannabis and would talk about the rapture. He lacks faith in the church and has strong faith in the Bible and in the rapture.

text: "He lacks faith in the church and has strong faith in the Bible and in the rapture." This sentence contradicts itself. Darren believes in the rapture completely. The story doesn't mention Darren's attitude about the bible though.

refinement: Darren is a kind guy who is sensitive and considerate. He enjoys cannabis and would talk about the rapture, which he believes strongly.

text: The answer omits that Darren listens to rap.

refinement: Darren is a kind guy who is sensitive and considerate. He enjoys cannabis and would talk about the rapture, which he believes strongly. He likes rap music.

answer: The story suggests that Darren is a considerate and sensitive person. Despite being of a different crowd and listening to different music, Darren is able to show compassion for others, even in times of hardship. Darren also sees the absurdity in the funeral home Christmas tree, and the two spend time having fun in the cemetery. It is clear that Darren is a kind, sweet person.

text: Darren's tolerance toward the narrator's behavior about music is conveyed confusingly, and it's incorrectly called "times of hardship."

refinement: The story suggests that Darren is a considerate and sensitive person. Despite being of a different crowd and listening to different music, Darren doesn't get mad about the narrator's complaints about listening to rap. Darren also sees the absurdity in the funeral home Christmas tree, and the two spend time having fun in the cemetery. It is clear that Darren is a kind, sweet person.

text: Darren being kind, sweet, etc is repeated twice. The one at the end is redundant.

refinement: The story suggests that Darren is a considerate and sensitive person. Despite being of a different crowd and listening to different music, Darren doesn't get mad about the narrator's complaints about listening to rap. Darren also sees the absurdity in the funeral home Christmas tree, and the two spend time having fun in the cemetery.

text: The answer omits Darren's strong faith in the rapture.

refinement: The story suggests that Darren is a considerate and sensitive person. Despite being of a different crowd and listening to different music, Darren doesn't get mad about the narrator's complaints about listening to rap. Darren also sees the absurdity in the funeral home Christmas tree, and the two spend time having fun in the cemetery. Darren strongly believes in the rapture, and he's sure that he and the narrator will go to heaven.

text: Darren smokes a lot of weed. The answer omits this.

refinement: The story suggests that Darren is a considerate and sensitive person. Despite being of a different crowd and listening to different music, Darren doesn't get mad about the narrator's complaints about listening to rap. Darren also sees the absurdity in the funeral home Christmas tree, and the two spend time having fun in the cemetery. Darren strongly believes in the rapture, and he's sure that he and the narrator will go to heaven. Darren also smokes a lot of weed.

answer: Darren smokes a lot of weed. He pretends to like the narrator's music because they're friends and he's nice. He's a sensitive guy under his wannabe-thug persona. He turns off his rap music when the narrator says he doesn't like it, and isn't mad about it because he's considerate. He's always talking about the rapture, even though he never goes to church. The narrator believes that if Heaven exists, Darren would go.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize everything relating to the narrator's family.

answer: The narrator attends the viewing for his great aunt Margret. His grandma said that he or his broughter ought to be pall bearers. Since his brother was afraid of dropping the casket, the narrator offered to do it, but Margret's niece declined. The narrator believes Margret is in Heaven because she was a real sweet lady.

text: "Brother" and "pallbearers" are misspelled.

refinement: The narrator attends the viewing for his great aunt Margret. His grandma said that he or his brother ought to be pallbearers. Since his brother was afraid of dropping the casket, the narrator offered to do it, but Margret's niece declined. The narrator believes Margret is in Heaven because she was a real sweet lady.

text: The answer should mention why Margaret's niece refused the narrator as a pallbearer.

refinement: The narrator attends the viewing for his great aunt Margret. His grandma said that he or his brother ought to be pallbearers. Since his brother was afraid of dropping the casket, the narrator offered to do it, but Margret's niece declined. She said it was because the narrator's hair looks like a clown. The narrator believes Margret is in Heaven because she was a real sweet lady.

answer: The narrator is related to Margret. He seems to live with their grandmother and brother. Their father lives separately, not being mentioned in this text.

text: The entire answer is either inaccurate or irrelevant. It should be re-written.

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margaret died, and his grandmother said either he or his brother should be a pallbearer. Since the narrator's brother is nervous about dropping it, the narrator volunteered. However, Margaret's niece refused him because his long red hair looked like a clown. The narrator thinks Margaret was a really sweet lady and is in heaven if there's one.

answer: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer. There was also a Christmas tree set up in the lobby of the funeral home with names of dead people written on the bulbs. The narrator and Darren went down to the cemetery to smoke a joint, and the oldsmobile parked there scared the narrator while he was urinating. The narrator's family seems to consist mostly of relatives who have passed away.

text: The narrator's family being mostly deceased is made up.

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer. There was also a Christmas tree set up in the lobby of the funeral home with names of dead people written on the bulbs. The narrator and Darren went down to the cemetery to smoke a joint, and the oldsmobile parked there scared the narrator while he was urinating.

text: Everything except the first sentence is irrelevant to the question.

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer.

text: Missing comma after "viewing"

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing, the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer.

text: The answer omits Margaret's niece refusing the narrator as a pallbearer and why she does that.

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing, the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer. However, Margaret's niece refused because the narrator's long red hair looked like a clown.

text: The answer omits that the narrator thinks Margaret is in heaven because she was really nice.

refinement: The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and at her viewing, the narrator volunteered to be a pallbearer. However, Margaret's niece refused because the narrator's long red hair looked like a clown. The narrator thinks Margaret is in heaven because she was really nice.

answer: The narrator's grandma says she says either him or his brother ought to be pallbearers at her great aunt Margret's viewing. They went to the cemetery together to smoke pot and talk about the rapture where the narrator starts kicking a tin can. His friend Darren kept talking about the rapture and they kept talking until they got back and they got in the Olds near the white shed.

answer:
The narrator's great aunt Margret died, and the viewer attendees discussed the body and other mundane topics. The narrator then noticed the funeral home's Christmas tree and found the decorations morbid and strange.

The narrator's family consists of the narrator and their brother, as well as their great aunt Margret. The family is predominantly composed of older people and the narrator's brother is nervous around dead people. Though the narrator considers himself nice, Darren is even nicer. The narrator and Darren got stoned and observed a tin can in the street, and the narrator eventually urinated against a white shed, which caused someone to honk their car horn and scare the narrator. The narrator does not mind the resulting urine on their leg, which is indicative of their generally good-hearted nature.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the narrator's movements after he meets up with Darren.

answer: After meeting up with his friend Darren, the narrator goes to the cemetery and smokes a joint, then goes for a walk afterward. While walking, the narrator finds a tin can in the street, and as he is peeing behind an empty car, the car's horn is accidentally blown, causing him to piss on himself.

text: The series of events between the narrator finding a can, and him peeing on himself are misrepresented.

refinement: After meeting up with his friend Darren, the narrator goes to the cemetery and smokes a joint, then goes for a walk afterward. While walking, the narrator finds a tin can in the street, and they start kicking it down the alley until he needs to pee. As he is peeing behind a shed, a car the narrator thought empty beeps its horn, causing him to piss on himself.

answer: After the narrator and Darren meet, they meet up with his friend at the cemetery to smoke a joint. They walk a bit and when they leave the cemetery, go to kick a tin can back to Darren's place until the narrator needs to go to the bathroom.

text: Almost the entire answer is inaccurate. It should be re-written.

refinement: The narrator meets with Darren, and they smoke a joint. Then, they take a walk and come across a can. They start kicking it down the alley until the narrator needs to pee. While he does, a car he thought empty blares its horn and causes him to pee on himself.

answer: The narrator meets with Darren at Darren's house. They go to the cemetery. Once they exit the cemetery, they kick a can down an alley. The narrator goes behind an old white shed to pee. When the narrator realizes there is someone in the car parked on the other side of the alley, he and Darren run away as fast as they can.

text: The events after the narrator starts pissing are misrepresented. He thinks the car around is empty, but it blares its horn and makes the narrator pee on himself.

refinement: The narrator meets with Darren at Darren's house. They go to the cemetery. Once they exit the cemetery, they kick a can down an alley. The narrator goes behind an old white shed to pee. While he does, a car he thought empty blares its horn and causes him to pee on himself.

text: The answer misses that Darren and the narrator smoke a joint at the cemetery and talk about the funeral.

refinement: The narrator meets with Darren at Darren's house. They go to the cemetery, smoke a joint, and talk about the funeral. Once they exit the cemetery, they kick a can down an alley. The narrator goes behind an old white shed to pee. While he does, a car he thought empty blares its horn and causes him to pee on himself.

answer: The narrator went to Darren's house and smoked a joint together. While walking back from the cemetery, the narrator sees a funeral home Christmas tree and is disturbed by it. After kicking a tin can around an alley, the narrator ends up pissing down his leg when a car honks at him. Despite the pee, the narrator doesn't mind too much.

answer: The two go to a cemetery directly after visiting the funeral home and smoking a joint. Darren convinces the narrator that his drug-use and bad behavior "isn't that bad" while encouraging him to follow in those footsteps. After visiting the cemetery, the two hang out kicking a tin can until the narrator pisses and causes it to fall, causing the narrator to pee himself.


text:
USER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (also abbreviated to UEM) is the management of a computer user's experience within their desktop environment.

The user environment

In a modern workplace an organisation grants each user access to an operating system and the applications required for their role, applying corporate policy to ensure the user has appropriate access levels. This typically includes items such as the filesystems, printers and applications they should and shouldn't have access to. Within this framework, each user has a preferred way of operating and they make a number of changes to enable them to work most efficiently. Common user changes are email signatures, language settings and the environment ‘look and feel’.

The combination of the corporate policy and user preference is described as the ‘user personality’. Users form an attachment to their PCs, but “their attachment is not to the device itself, but to the way in which they do their jobs today”.[1]

Managing user personalization is complicated, with a large number of factors and variables to be considered. As the desktop computing environment has evolved, the methods for delivering the desktop and applications have grown, further compounding the complexity involved in managing the user's personality.

History

The personal computer was originally introduced to the workplace as a standalone device. Over time these were networked and network-attached storage was introduced to enable resources and information to be shared. A number of advancements and new technologies from software companies have extended and improved this model. Citrix provides the ability to store the desktop environment centrally and publish it to remote users. Microsoft acquired some of this technology to develop their terminal server solution.

Virtualization is a technology that evolved from the mainframe computer, initially into the x86 architecture servers and now enables virtualized desktop environments. This is largely led by VMware and Citrix.[2] A further technology, application streaming, offers an alternative method for delivering applications to users. Softricity was a leader in this technology before being purchased by Microsoft who took the solution to market as Microsoft Application Virtualization.

The current environment

An IT administrator now has a variety of options when delivering a desktop and applications to a user; personal computer, virtual desktops, terminal servers, application virtualization, application streaming. Typically a combination of these is used to address all the requirements and constraints placed on an organization. Market analysts suggest these technologies are complementary and will exist in tandem, rather than the newest technologies dominating.[3] One growing part of the market is an increase in provisioned and virtualized desktops which can be managed centrally and addresses many of the limitations associated with distributed desktop computing.[4] Several analysts have stated that the future of PC desktops will be heterogeneous (i.e. differing Windows desktop delivery methods will coexist). Key to this is how system administrators design the user experience, the closer the basic look and feel is to how users have previously interacted with their desktops, the more accepting of the new technology they will be. “The nature of pooling or sharing desktops means that each user does not always log on to the same virtual desktop each time they log in and as a result, organizations need to properly plan for this version of musical chairs. It is absolutely critical when using pooled virtual machines (sometimes called dynamic pools) that you have a method of deploying applications and settings to users that is fast, robust and automated.”.[5] It is from this growing requirement that user environment management developed. Critical to the user environment is making sure that user profiles are portable in one manner or another from one session to the next.

User environment management

User environment management is a software solution which enables corporate policy and user preference data, the ‘user personality’, to be abstracted from the delivered operating system and applications and centrally managed. This personality can then be associated with the variety of delivery mechanisms an organization uses ‘on-demand’, enabling dynamic personalization of provisioned desktops and easier migration of users to newer technologies such as virtual desktops. User environment management can be applied to all Citrix, VMware and Microsoft delivery methods, including virtual, provisioned, streamed and published environments.

Due to the extensive nature of user environment management, there are a number of solutions in the market which address part of the solution such as Group Policy Preferences, DesktopAuthority (Dell) for policy management and Tricerat for profile management. Tranxition Software offers migration of profile settings with data and profile policy control. A few companies offer a comprehensive and complete user environment management solution (i.e. the ability to control both profile settings and offer a portable user experience) including AppSense, Liquidware Labs, VMware User Environment Manager (previously Immidio[6]), RES Software.

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[2]

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[6]

title: User environment management

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How is the profile of a computer user determined?

answer: The set up is managed by corporate level policy and user preference called "user personality". The user personality is often described by language settings, the environment 'look and feel', and email signatures. The set up can be described as the "user personality". Other factors are considered such as the preferred ways of working and what platform the user is attached to.

text: The first sentence is not completely accurate, and what it alludes to is repeated later

refinement: The user personality is often described by language settings, the environment 'look and feel', and email signatures. The set up can be described as the "user personality". Other factors are considered such as the preferred ways of working and what platform the user is attached to.

answer: A combination of corporate policy and an individual user's preference forms the user personality

answer: The profile of a computer user is determined by the corporate policy and the user's preference. This combination is known as the “user personality”.

answer: The user's personality is determined by the combination of corporate policy and user preference.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why has it become vital that user profiles are portable?

answer: User environments can be stored centrally, meaning that employees can log onto any desktop anywhere and have the exact same experience. They do this by keeping the user profiles (which store all the aforementioned data) static so that the same set of actions can be performed consistently.

text: The second sentence is irrelevant

refinement: User environments can be stored centrally, meaning that employees can log onto any desktop anywhere and have the exact same experience.

answer: It has become vital because of the shift to virtual desktops, which means that each user does not always log on to the same virtual desktop each time they log in.

text: They don't log in to the same physical computer every time

refinement: It has become vital because of the shift to virtual desktops, which means that each user does not always log on to the same physical device each time they log in.

answer: User environments can be stored centrally, meaning that employees can log on to any desktop anywhere and have the exact same experience. They do this by keeping the user profiles (which store all the aforementioned data) static so that the same set of actions can be performed consistently.

answer: As technology evolves, the most important part of an organization is to make sure that person can seamlessly migrate from one setting to another.

answer: The current trend is for users to have their own computer and workstation. This means that if the user changes jobs, they will have to take their personal data with them. This is not possible if the data is not portable.

answer: The current trend is for users to have their own computer and workstation. This means that if the user changes jobs, they will have to take their personal data with them. This is not possible if the data is not portable. This is compounded by the fact that the user's desktop environment may change when they change jobs.