text:
_PYROPS SPINOLAE_[1] is a species of planthopper sometimes referred-to as the dark-horned lantern-fly (Vietnamese: _ve sầu đầu đen_). The species is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus.

This bug is found from India to Indochina.

Subspecies

There are two subspecies:

-   _Pyrops spinolae condorinus_ (Lallemand, 1960)
-   _Pyrops spinolae spinolae_ (Westwood, 1842)

[1] FLOW: _Pyrops spinolae_ (Westwood, 1842) retrieved 12 April 2019

title: Pyrops spinolae

question: What is Pyrops spinolae?

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred-to as the dark-horned lantern-fly.

text: The hyphen in referred-to is not needed

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lantern-fly.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper found in India to Indochina.

text: 'in' should be 'from'

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper found from India to Indochina.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lantern-fly.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lanternfly.

question: Where is Pyrops spinolae found?

answer: This bug is found from India to Indochina.

answer: The Pyrops spinolae is found in India to Indochina.

text: 'in' should be 'from'

refinement: The Pyrops spinolae is found from India to Indochina.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is found from India to Indochina.

answer: It is found from India to Indochina.

question: What are the subspecies of Pyrops spinolae?

answer: There are two subspecies of Pyrops spinolae: _Pyrops spinolae condorinus_ (Lallemand, 1960) and _Pyrops spinolae spinolae_ (Westwood, 1842).

text: The underscores and citations are not needed in the answer

refinement: There are two subspecies of Pyrops spinolae: Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

answer: Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

answer: The subspecies of Pyrops spinolae are Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae.

text: The other species' full name is Pyrops spinolae spinolae

refinement: The subspecies of Pyrops spinolae are Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

answer: There are two subspecies: Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

question: Who is Pyrops spinolae named after?

answer: Pyrops spinolae is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus..

text: too many periods.

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus.

answer: The species Pyrops spinolae is named after Maximilian Spinola.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lantern-fly. It is found in India to Indochina. There are two subspecies: Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

text: 'in' should be 'from'

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lantern-fly. It is found from India to Indochina. There are two subspecies: Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lanternfly. It is found from India to Indochina. Its subspecies are Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae.

text: The full name for one of the subspecies is Pyrops spinolae spinolae

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is is a species of planthopper sometimes referred to as the dark-horned lanternfly. It is found from India to Indochina. Its subspecies are Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper sometimes referred-to as the dark-horned lantern-fly. The species is named after Maximilian Spinola, the authority for the genus. This bug is found from India to Indochina.

answer: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper found in India to Indochina. There are two subspecies, _Pyrops spinolae condorinus_ and _Pyrops spinolae spinolae_.

text: The underscores are not needed

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper found in India to Indochina. There are two subspecies, Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.

text: The answer could mention where the bugs are found.

refinement: Pyrops spinolae is a species of planthopper found in India to Indochina. This bug is found from India to Indochina. There are two subspecies, Pyrops spinolae condorinus and Pyrops spinolae spinolae.


split: train

text:
[Walmart set to snap up Flipkart; But e-comm war far from over]

__ Walmart set to snap up Flipkart; But e-comm war far from over

The moment is upon us. India is the new battleground for two top American retailers — physical Walmart versus digital Amazon.

Retailing behemoth Walmart with annual revenues northwards of $500 billion in conjunction with Google’s parent company Alphabet will acquire 70 to 75 per cent stake in domestic e-commerce giant Flipkart. Bentonville, Arkansas, meets Bangalore headlong through this mega transaction, even as Jeff Bezos’s Amazon is defeated at the gates.

The deal may be announced as early as Wednesday itself. The valuation for 70-75 per cent is expected to be in the vicinity of $15.2 billion, even as Flipkart will be valued at $20 billion. The investment will help accelerate Flipkart’s innovation on behalf of customers and will underscore Walmart’s commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India. The Walmart-Google combine will then enter into a straight bare knuckle fight with Amazon in India.

Walmart is expected to invest $2 billion directly by infusing fresh equity in India’s biggest e-comm success story. The 11-year brand founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal (unrelated) thus falls into American hands. Google is expected to subsequently pick up approximately 7 per cent stake in the entity at a valuation of $1.5 billion. The partnership will dominate the online space using Google Express’s Home device to order online in the future. Flipkart under the new order is likely to be listed as a Walmart subsidiary in India in 2019-20, similar to its model in Mexico. The fresh investment will bolster infrastructure building specifically in rural Bharat, boost the agri supply chain, provide customers with affordable goods and most importantly create new skilled jobs and fresh opportunities for farmers, small suppliers and women entrepreneurs.

To bankroll the investment, Walmart will use a combination of newly issued debt and cash on hand. Sachin Bansal, who reportedly opposed the deal with Walmart, will exit cashing in his 5.2 per cent stake. Flipkart’s existing shareholders, China’s Tencent Holdings and US-based Tiger Global Management, will exit partially and retain small stakes, but remain on the board. South Africa-based Naspers Ltd and Microsoft Corp will also keep small holdings in the new company. Sources close to developments indicated that these investors will likely have the option of selling their stake to the Bentonville-based retailer at a later date at the same valuation at which Walmart buys its majority stake in Flipkart.

SoftBank, which owns 20.8 per cent stake in the company will exit completely. The Masayoshi Son-controlled Japanese company will make a killing by selling its stake in Flipkart, with its investment of $2.5 billion set to fetch about $4 billion, a gain of 60 per cent. It was not immediately known how much of stake group CEO and co-founder Binny Bansal—w ill retain. He currently hold 5.1 per cent stake in Flipkart. Walmart India and Flipkart will continue to maintain distinct brands after the deal, but over time, its financials will be relayed through Walmart International. For the fiscal year ended March 31, Flipkart recorded a gross merchandise value (GMV) of $ 7.5 billion, effectively meaning that goods worth $ 7.5 billion were traded through its site involving thousands of sellers and millions of buyers. It recorded net sales of $ 4.6 billion during the year, representing more than 50 per cent growth in both cases.

New investors can pick up stake in Flipkart in a fresh round, which could bring down Walmart’s holding proportionately but slightly, even though it will continue to retain a significant majority holding. Walmart will in all probability use a mix of fresh debt and cash to finance the deal.
With the snapping up of Flipkart and its brands Jabong, Myntra and PhonePe and logistics firm Ekart, an Indian ecomm start up which has become a household name and brand to reckon with not just in India but worldwide for its innovation and sourcing model goes under. This way, another Indian brand will be acquired by a global heavy hitter. The trader community, a core BJP constituent, is already in disarray because of GST and DeMo will not take kindly to this deal. The Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), an umbrella association representing millions of traders, has already demanded government probe of the Walmart-Flipkart deal, which it says will only encourage predatory pricing. It wanted the “unholy nexus” to be “scanned and stopped” and wondered why the government was “keeping its eyes and ears shut” despite knowing the “intent and hidden agenda of companies like Walmart”.

This will be the second time when Walmart and Google will offer a joint front to tackle the domination of Jeff Bezos-controlled Amazon in an online market place. Last year, both the companies had struck a partnership through Walmart products are sold on Google Express, the internet search giant’s online mall. This will be Walmart’s largest acquisition in the e-commerce space. It had acquired Jet.com for $3.3 billion in 2016. Last month, Walmart gave up control of its UK grocery chain Asda, merging it with British retailer J Sainsbury Plc. Walmart will retain a 42 per cent stake in the combined company. The decision to cede control of Asda is seen as part of Walmart’s global strategy to focus more attention and resources on faster-expanding markets such as India where consumer spending capacity has been rising significantly.

According to India Brand Equity Foundation, a government-supported research agency, the Indian e-commerce market is expected to reach $64 billion by 2020 and $200 billion by 2026 from $38.5 billion as of 2017. With growing internet penetration, internet users in India are expected to increase from 481 million as of December 2017 to 829 million by 2021. This will be Walmart’s second coming of sorts for India’s retail market. In 2013, it pulled out of its wholesale joint venture with Bharti Group. Walmart India currently operates 21 B2B Best Price cash-and-carry stores and one fulfilment centre in 19 cities across nine states in India.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Flipkart?

answer: Flipkart is an e-commerce company based in India. The 11-year brand was founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal (unrelated)  and will be valued at $20 billion when retail giant Walmart and Alphabet (Google's parent company) acquire a 70 to 75 percent stake in the company. Flipkart co-founder Sachin Bansal opposed the Walmart deal and will exit, cashing in his 5.2 percent stake. CEO and co-founder Binny Bansal currently holds a 5.1 stake in Flipkart. The company recorded a gross merchandise value (GMV) of $7.5 billion and net sales of $4.6 billion during the year, representing a 50 percent growth.

answer: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce giant that has 66% stake acquired by Walmart and Google. This acquisition is spurred by Google's partnership with Walmart. Flipkart is expected to become a subsidiary of Walmart following the acquisition, highlighting Walmart's commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India as well as taking on Amazon. Flipkart will continue to maintain its distinct brand following the transaction. The Indian e-commerce market is also expected to reach $64 billion by 2020.

text: The statement that Flipkart has a 66% stake acquired by Walmart and Google is inaccurate--they will acquire 70 to 75%.

refinement: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce giant that Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70-75% stake in. This acquisition is spurred by Google's partnership with Walmart. Flipkart is expected to become a subsidiary of Walmart following the acquisition, highlighting Walmart's commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India as well as taking on Amazon. Flipkart will continue to maintain its distinct brand following the transaction. The Indian e-commerce market is also expected to reach $64 billion by 2020.

text: The statement about the Indian e-commerce market is not relevant.

refinement: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce giant that Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70-75% stake in. This acquisition is spurred by Google's partnership with Walmart. Flipkart is expected to become a subsidiary of Walmart following the acquisition, highlighting Walmart's commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India as well as taking on Amazon. Flipkart will continue to maintain its distinct brand following the transaction.

text: The answer does not mention Flipkart's founders.

refinement: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce giant that Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70-75% stake in. This acquisition is spurred by Google's partnership with Walmart. Flipkart is expected to become a subsidiary of Walmart following the acquisition, highlighting Walmart's commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India as well as taking on Amazon. Flipkart will continue to maintain its distinct brand following the transaction. Flipkart is a 11-year-old brand founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal.

text: The answer does not mention anything about Flipkart's revenue.

refinement: Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce giant that Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70-75% stake in. This acquisition is spurred by Google's partnership with Walmart. Flipkart is expected to become a subsidiary of Walmart following the acquisition, highlighting Walmart's commitment to sustained job creation and investment in India as well as taking on Amazon. Flipkart will continue to maintain its distinct brand following the transaction. Flipkart is a 11-year-old brand founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal. The company ended the fiscal year with a gross merchandise value of $7.5 billion and net sales of $4.6 billion.

answer: Flipkart is an e-commerce site founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal. The company is being acquired by Walmart in a mega transaction. Flipkart is predicted to be valued at $20 billion, even though its existing shareholders, including Tencent Holdings and Tiger Global Management, will retain small stakes. The deal is expected to be announced as early as Wednesday, and the valuation for Flipkart will be in the vicinity of $15.2 billion. SoftBank is expected to exit completely from the company, making a sixty percent gain on its initial investment. The company is expected to continue operating as a subsidiary of Walmart after the deal. The Indian e-commerce market is expected to reach $64 billion by 2020 and $200 billion by 2026.

answer: Flipkart will merge with Tiger Global Management. James Mathra, the CEO and co-founder, will keep his stake in Flipkart. Only a small stake will be retained in the new company. Google will likely keep a stake.

text: The statement concerning James Mathra is unattested.

refinement: Flipkart will merge with Tiger Global Management. Founder Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, while founder Binny Binsal will retain some of his 5.1 percent stake in Flipkart. Only a small stake will be retained in the new company. Google will likely keep a stake.

text: It is not accurate to say that Flipkart will merge with Tiger Global Management. Rather, it is being acquired by Walmart and Google.

refinement: Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70 to 75 percent stake in Flipkart. Founder Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, while founder Binny Binsal will retain some of his 5.1 percent stake in Flipkart. Only a small stake will be retained in the new company. Google will likely keep a stake.

text: Google is acquiring the company, so to state they will likely keep a stake is confusing and inaccurate.

refinement: Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70 to 75 percent stake in Flipkart. Founder Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, while founder Binny Binsal will retain some of his 5.1 percent stake in Flipkart. Only a small stake will be retained in the new company.

text: The last line is confusing and unnecessary.

refinement: Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70 to 75 percent stake in Flipkart. Founder Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, while founder Binny Binsal will retain some of his 5.1 percent stake in Flipkart.

text: The answer could mention something about the company's finances.

refinement: Walmart and Google will be acquiring a 70 to 75 percent stake in Flipkart. Founder Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, while founder Binny Binsal will retain some of his 5.1 percent stake in Flipkart. The company recorded a gross merchandise value of $7.5 billion for the fiscal year ending March 31, with net sales of $4.6 billion.

answer: Flipkart, the online shopping behemoth, got acquired by American retailieres Walmart and Alphabet. Flipkart is based in Bangalore, India. They deal in online shopping and sell products internationally such as China, the UK and the US. Flipkart's profits arise from selling merchandise and by third parties ads on its platforms.

text: "retailieres" should be "retailers".

refinement: Flipkart, the online shopping behemoth, got acquired by American retailers Walmart and Alphabet. Flipkart is based in Bangalore, India. They deal in online shopping and sell products internationally such as China, the UK and the US. Flipkart's profits arise from selling merchandise and by third parties ads on its platforms.

text: The answer could mention something about the company's founders.

refinement: Flipkart, the online shopping behemoth, got acquired by American retailers Walmart and Alphabet. Flipkart is based in Bangalore, India. They deal in online shopping and sell products internationally such as China, the UK and the US. Flipkart's profits arise from selling merchandise and by third parties ads on its platforms. It was founded by Sachin and Binny Bansal.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Flipkart's other shareholders?

answer: Flipkart's other shareholders include: China's Tencent Holdings, Microsoft Corp, and South Africa-based Naspers Ltd.

text: The answer omits mention of Tiger Global Management.

refinement: Flipkart's other shareholders include: China's Tencent Holdings, Tiger Global Management, Microsoft Corp, and South Africa-based Naspers Ltd.

text: The answer does not mention two key shareholders: Sachin and Binny Bansal.

refinement: Of the company's founders, Sanchin Bansal will exit the company, cashing in his stake, while Binny Bansal will retain some of his stake. Flipkart's other shareholders include: China's Tencent Holdings, Tiger Global Management, Microsoft Corp, and South Africa-based Naspers Ltd.

text: The answer does not say anything about who will retain stakes in the company.

refinement: Sachin and Binny Bansal, the founders, both hold stakes in the company. China's Tencent Holdings and Tiger Global Management will exit partially but remain on the board. Microsoft Corp and South Africa-based Naspers Ltd. will also keep small holdings in the company.

text: The answer does not mention Softbank.

refinement: Sachin and Binny Bansal, the founders, both hold stakes in the company. China's Tencent Holdings and Tiger Global Management will exit partially but remain on the board. Microsoft Corp and South Africa-based Naspers Ltd. will also keep small holdings in the company. Softbank, which holds a 20.8 percent stake, will exit completely.

answer: Flipkart's existing shareholders, China's Tencent Holdings, and US-based Tiger Global Management will partially exit and retain small stakes but remain on board. South Africa-based Naspers Ltd and Microsoft Corp will also keep small holdings in the new company. These investors will likely have the option of selling their stake to Walmart. The Masayoshi Son-controlled Japanese company, SoftBank, owns a 20.8 percent stake in the company will exit completely. SoftBank will gain 60 percent of its initial investment, from $2.5 billion to $4 billion.

text: This answer doesn't mention the company's founders.

refinement: Flipkart's existing shareholders, China's Tencent Holdings, and US-based Tiger Global Management will partially exit and retain small stakes but remain on board. South Africa-based Naspers Ltd and Microsoft Corp will also keep small holdings in the new company. These investors will likely have the option of selling their stake to Walmart. The Masayoshi Son-controlled Japanese company, SoftBank, owns a 20.8 percent stake in the company will exit completely. SoftBank will gain 60 percent of its initial investment, from $2.5 billion to $4 billion. Sachin Bansal, one of the company's founders, will exit and cash in his 5.2 percent stake, while it is not known how much of a stake co-founder Binny Bansal will retain.

answer: Tencent Holdings and Tiger Global Management will retain small stakes in Flipkart even though Walmart will maintain a significant majority holding of the company. These investors will likely have the option of selling their stake to Walmart later at the same valuation at which Walmart buys its majority stake.

answer: Tencent Holdings and Tiger Global Management will retain small stakes in Flipkart and remain on the board following the Walmart-Google investment deal.

answer: The other shareholders, Tencent Holdings of China and Tiger Global Management of the US, will partially exit Flipkart, retaining some stake in the company. Sources close to developments indicated that these investors will likely have the option of selling their stake to Walmart in the future. The two together control about 22% of Flipkart, about half of Sachin Bansal's stake. Sri Africa's Naspers Ltd, and Microsoft Corp of the US, will also retain small stakes in the company.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Walmart?

answer: The text says that Walmart is acquiring Flipkart, an Indian e-commerce giant, and its brands. Walmart is entering the Indian e-commerce market head-on by partnering with Google. It will invest in the company and use the investment to accelerate innovation on behalf of customers. Walmart has previously invested in Jet.com and given up control of its UK grocery chain Asda. The Indian e-commerce market is expected to reach $64 billion by 2020.

text: The final sentence is not relevant to the topic of Walmart.

refinement: The text says that Walmart is acquiring Flipkart, an Indian e-commerce giant, and its brands. Walmart is entering the Indian e-commerce market head-on by partnering with Google. It will invest in the company and use the investment to accelerate innovation on behalf of customers. Walmart has previously invested in Jet.com and given up control of its UK grocery chain Asda.

text: The answer could mention something about Walmart's revenues.

refinement: The text says that Walmart is acquiring Flipkart, an Indian e-commerce giant, and its brands. Walmart is entering the Indian e-commerce market head-on by partnering with Google. It will invest in the company and use the investment to accelerate innovation on behalf of customers. Walmart has previously invested in Jet.com and given up control of its UK grocery chain Asda. Walmart has annual revenues northwards of $500 billion.

answer: According to the text, Walmart is set to acquire a majority stake in Flipkart, a major e-commerce platform in India. The transaction is seen by some as a reversal of fortunes, with Flipkart being the long-time underdog in contrast to Amazon. Walmart also intends to invest an additional $2 billion in Flipkart and partner with Google in the deal. The end result is likely to significantly change the landscape of India's e-commerce market.

answer: Walmart is an American retail behemoth based in Bentonville, Arkansas, with annual revenues north of $500 billion. Together with Google's parent company, Alphabet, Walmart is set to acquire a 70 to 75 percent stake in India's e-commerce giant Flipkart. Walmart is expected to invest $2 billion directly by infusing fresh equity in Flipkart. Walmart wants to take a jab at Amazon's e-commerce domination and partnered with Google to sell its products on Google Express. The company also acquired Jet.com for $3.3 billion in 2016 but gave up control of its UK grocery chain Asda, merging it with British retailer J. Sainsbury Plc. and retaining a 42 percent stake in the combined company.

answer: Walmart is the U.S.'s biggest retailer, founded by Sam Walton in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas while Bentonville is the Arkansas town where his second-born far saw the deeds of his tuff at the original Walmart store. Retailing behemoth Walmart will acquire 70-75% stake in domestic e-commerce giant Flipkart. Walmart's annual revenues are northwards of USD$500 billion.

text: The answer could mention Walmart's previous acquisitions.

refinement: Walmart is the U.S.'s biggest retailer, founded by Sam Walton in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas while Bentonville is the Arkansas town where his second-born far saw the deeds of his tuff at the original Walmart store. Retailing behemoth Walmart will acquire 70-75% stake in domestic e-commerce giant Flipkart. Walmart's annual revenues are northwards of USD$500 billion. Walmart previously acquired Jet.com in 2016.

answer: The text says that Walmart and Alphabet are acquiring 70-75% stakes in Flipkart. Within the article, Walmart isn't directly involved in the takeover and it is only mentioned in "shorthand" to equate it with Amazon.

text: The second sentence is vague and unnecessary.

refinement: The text says that Walmart and Alphabet are acquiring 70-75% stakes in Flipkart.

text: The answer could mention Walmart's acquisitions history.

refinement: The text says that Walmart and Alphabet are acquiring 70-75% stakes in Flipkart. Walmart previously acquired Jet.com in 2016.

text: The answer doesn't mention Walmart's revenue.

refinement: The text says that Walmart and Alphabet are acquiring 70-75% stakes in Flipkart. Walmart previously acquired Jet.com in 2016. Walmart has an annual revenue northwards of $500 billion.


text:
DORNBERK (; ) is a village in western Slovenia in the Municipality of Nova Gorica.[1] It is located in the Vipava Valley within the Gorizia region of the Slovenian Littoral. Dornberk is the centre of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. The entire local community has a population of around 1,800.

Name

The Slovene name of the village comes from German _Dornberg_, meaning 'thorn hill'. This was also the official name until the end of World War I, when the village came under Italian administration. At first, the Italians used an historical version of the traditional name of the village, _Dorimbergo_,[2] but during the Fascist period the name was changed to _Montespino_, which is a literal Italian translation of the German name. After World War II, the village briefly reacquired its old name, but in 1948, the name was changed again because of its German sound, and the name _Zali Hrib_ (literally, 'fair hill') was invented. The locals rejected the new designation and demanded the old name back. The name of the settlement was changed to _Dornberk_ in 1952, but the final _-g_ was replaced with a _-k_.[3] Nevertheless, the locals still refer to it as _Dornberg_ rather than _Dornberk_. This phonetic difference is not perceived in standard Slovene, in which the final voiced velar stop /g/ is pronounced as voiceless /k/. However, in the local Karst dialect spoken in the lower Vipava Valley, /g/ has developed into the voiced glottal fricative /ɦ/, and often a voiceless glottal fricative at the end of words.

Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.[4]

The area of Dornberk is known for the production of wine and fruits, especially peaches, apricots, and pears.

[1] Nova Gorica municipal site

[2] _Dorimbergo_ in _Udine illustrata_, part I, of Giovanni Capidogli (1665): “La Famiglia da Rabatta è di nobiltà isquisita, ed immemorabile; onde fino da Enrico Terzo Re de' Romani fu degnamente presa in sua protezione, confermandole, ... donandole libere tante, e così ampie giurisdizioni nella Toscana, che formavano un considerabile, e non picciolo Stato. Non avendo poi la fortuna con pregresso di tempo per li molti, e vari accidenti di guerra, ripigliati quei beni, che prima le aveva concesso, si ricoverò la suddetta Famiglia nella Repubblica Fiorentina, nella quale fu tenuta, e pregiata delle più nobili, conseguendo in quella tutti li principali maneggi ec. Indi per le fazioni de' Guelfi, e Ghibellini passò nel Friuli, e prese posto in Udine già Quattrocento, e più anni ed avendo più tempo quivi dimorando godendo della Signoria di tre Castella, si condusse finalmente nel Contado di Gorizza, dove poscia ottenne in Feudo il Castello di Dorimbergo con altre giurisdizioni, che oggidì parimenti si conservano nella medesima Famiglia” in: Istoria del Decamerone di Giovanni Boccaccio scritta da Domenico Maria Manni Accademico fiorentino, in Firenze MDCCXXXXII (1742)

[3] _Spremembe naselij 1948–95_. 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.

[4] Roman Catholic Diocese of Koper List of Churches May 2008

title: Dornberk

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about other religions in Dornberk?

answer: Very little is said about other religions in Dornberk.  The only detail given is that the parish church is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

answer: No answer

text: Although the passage does not say a lot about religion in the village, it does indicate that there is a church there.

refinement: There is a parish church in settlement that is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

answer: No answer

text: Although the passage does not say a lot about religion in the village, it does indicate that there is a church there.

refinement: There is a parish church in settlement that is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

answer: There is no other religion mentioned in Dornberk, besides Roman Catholicism.

text: The response should include the details about the church in Dornberk.

refinement: There is no other religion mentioned in Dornberk, besides Roman Catholicism. There is a parish church dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

answer: No answer

text: Although the passage does not say a lot about religion in the village, it does indicate that there is a church there.

refinement: There is a church in the settlement dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

answer: There are no other religions in Dornberk.

text: Response is inaccurate.

refinement: There is a church in the settlement dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Dornberk?

answer: Dornberk is a village in Slovenia. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. Its total population is 1,800. Its name means "thorn hill" in Slovene, and the name "Dornberg" means "thorn hill" in German.

text: The name "Dornberk" originates from German, not Slovenian.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in Slovenia. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. Its total population is 1,800. Its name comes from the German word "dornberg," which means 'thorn hill.'

text: The response should include the locale of the village.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in western Slovenia, located in the municipality of Nova Gorica. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. Its total population is 1,800. Its name comes from the German word "dornberg," which means 'thorn hill.'

answer: Dornberk is a village in Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. It is located on a main road in the upper Vipava Valley. The local community, which includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni has a population of around 1800.

text: The response should include the origins of the name of the village.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. It is located on a main road in the upper Vipava Valley. The local community, which includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni has a population of around 1800. The name of the village originates from the German word "Dornberg" which means 'thorn hill.'

answer: Dornberk is a village in Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. It is located on a main road in the upper Vipava Valley. Dornberk is the center of a local community which includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. The entire local community has a population of around 1800.

text: The response should include the origin of the name of the village.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in Nova Gorica in western Slovenia. It is located on a main road in the upper Vipava Valley. Dornberk is the center of a local community which includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. The entire local community has a population of around 1800. Its anem originates from the German word "dornberg" which means 'thorn hill.'

answer: Dornberk is a village in western Slovenia. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni.

text: The response should include the population of the community.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in western Slovenia. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. The community has a population of around 1800.

text: The response should include the origin of the name of the village.

refinement: Dornberk is a village in western Slovenia. It is the center of a local community that includes the satellite settlements of Potok pri Dornberku, Saksid, Brdo, Tabor, Draga, Zalošče, and Budihni. The community has a population of around 1800. Its name comes from the German word "Dornberg" which means 'thorn hill.'

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about how Dornberk got its name?

answer: Dornberk, the name of a village in western Slovenia, comes from German, meaning "thorn hill." The name was historically used until World War I and was officially replaced by the Italians with Dorimbergo. After World War II, the name was changed to Montespino and rejected by the locals. The name was finally changed to Dornoberk after World War II and changed to "-k," as the locals pronounced it, rather than "-g."

text: The name Montespino was given to the village during World War II during the Fascist period, not after World War II.

refinement: Dornberk, the name of a village in western Slovenia, comes from German, meaning "thorn hill." The name was historically used until World War I and was officially replaced by the Italians with Dorimbergo. During World War II, the name was changed to Montespino by the Italian Fascists. After the war, the old name was adopted, but in 1948, the name was changed again to "Zali Hrib;" however, the locals rejected this. The name was finally changed to Dornberk and changed to "-k," as the locals pronounced it, rather than "-g."

text: While the later changed in the name, the locals still refer to the village with a -g sound.

refinement: Dornberk, the name of a village in western Slovenia, comes from German, meaning "thorn hill." The name was historically used until World War I and was officially replaced by the Italians with Dorimbergo. During World War II, the name was changed to Montespino by the Italian Fascists. After the war, the old name was adopted, but in 1948, the name was changed again to "Zali Hrib;" however, the locals rejected this. The name was finally changed to Dornberk; however, locals still refer to it as Dornberg.

answer: Dornberk acquired its current name in 1952. However, locals still call it Dornberg as opposed to Dornberk. Slovenians pronounce the final voiced velar stop /g/ with a voiceless /k/, but the final voiceless palatal fricative /–ç/ with a voiced post-palatal fricative /ɕ/.

text: The response should include more details about the name changes that occurred during and after World War II.

refinement: Dornberk acquired its current name in 1952. Prior to this, while under Italian administration, the name was changed to Dorimbergo. Under Itialian Fascist rule during World War II, the name was changed to Montespino. After the end of the war, the village reacquire its old name, but in 1948, the name was changed to Zali Hrib. The locals rejected this and demanded for the old name to be reinstated, and the village was changed to Dornberk in 1952.  However, locals still call it Dornberg as opposed to Dornberk. Slovenians pronounce the final voiced velar stop /g/ with a voiceless /k/, but the final voiceless palatal fricative /–ç/ with a voiced post-palatal fricative /ɕ/.

text: The phonetic explanation is unnecessary.

refinement: Dornberk acquired its current name in 1952. Prior to this, while under Italian administration, the name was changed to Dorimbergo. Under Itialian Fascist rule during World War II, the name was changed to Montespino. After the end of the war, the village reacquire its old name, but in 1948, the name was changed to Zali Hrib. The locals rejected this and demanded for the old name to be reinstated, and the village was changed to Dornberk in 1952.  However, locals still call it Dornberg as opposed to Dornberk.

answer: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg. Its current name comes from the Slovene name, which means "thorn hill". This was also the official name before World War I. The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill". The locals rejected it and demanded the original name back.

text: The response should include that though the name is officially "Dornberk," locals still refer to it is "Dornberg."

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg. Its current name comes from the Slovene name, which means "thorn hill". This was also the official name before World War I. The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill". The locals rejected it and demanded the original name back. The name was finally changed to "Dornberk," but locals still pronounce the name as "Dornberg."

text: The response should include the name change that occurred during the Italian Fascist administration.

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg. Its current name comes from the Slovene name, which means "thorn hill". This was also the official name before World War I. The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. Under the Italian Fascists, the name was changed to Montespino. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill". The locals rejected it and demanded the original name back. The name was finally changed to "Dornberk," but locals still pronounce the name as "Dornberg."

answer: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg before World War I. Its current name comes from the Slovene name, which means "thorn hill". This was also the official name before World War I. The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill", but the locals rejected it and demanded the original name back.

text: The highlighted portion is inaccurate; the name originates from German.

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg before World War I, which is German in origin and means "thorn hill". This was also the official name before World War I. The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill", but the locals rejected it and demanded the original name back.

text: This sentence is repetitive.

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg before World War I, which is German in origin and means "thorn hill". The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it had Italian administration. After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill", but the locals rejected it and demanded the original name back.

text: The highlighted portion should be more specific about the Italian changes to the name.

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg before World War I, which is German in origin and means "thorn hill". The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it was under Italian adminstration after World War I. After the Italian Fascists took over, the name was changed to Montespino.  After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill", but the locals rejected it and demanded the original name back.

text: The response is missing details about the final name change of the village.

refinement: Dornberk used to be called Dornberg before World War I, which is German in origin and means "thorn hill". The old name of the village was Dorimbergo when it was under Italian adminstration after World War I. After the Italian Fascists took over, the name was changed to Montespino.  After World War II, Dornberg's name was changed to Zali Hrib, literally "fair hill", but the locals rejected it and demanded the original name back. Finally, it was changed to Dornberk in 1952, with the -g switched to a -k. However, locals still refer to the village as Dornberg.

answer: Dornberk, the name of a village in western Slovenia, comes from German, meaning "thorn hill." At first the Italians used an historical version of the name, and then during the Fascist period the name was changed to Montespino, which is a literal Italian translation of the German name. After World War II, the village briefly reacquired its old name, but in 1948, the name was again changed because of its German sound. The name was finally changed to Dornoberk after World War II and changed to "-k," as the locals pronounced it, rather than "-g."

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about what is notable in Dornberk?

answer: It is known for the production of wine and fruits, especially peaches, apricots and pears.

answer:
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.
The village has a population of around 1,800.

text: unnecessary info

refinement: The area is known for the production of wine and fruits, especially peaches, apricots, and pears.

answer: Dornberk's area is known for producing wine and fruits, especially pears; its name is derived from the German word for "thorn," meaning it is considered mountainous; its parish church is 'dedicated to the Prophet Daniel,' and is from the Diocese of Koper.

text: unnecessary info

refinement: Dornberk's area is known for producing wine and fruits, especially pears, peaches, and apricots.

answer: The area of Dornberk is known for producing wine and fruits, especially pears. The village received its name from the German word for "thorn," meaning it is considered mountainous. The Parish church in Dornberk is "dedicated to the Prophet Daniel," and is from the Diocese of Koper.

text: unnecessary info

refinement: The area of Dornberk is known for producing wine and fruits, especially pears, peaches, and apricots.

answer: The area of Dornberk is known for the production of wine and fruits, especially peaches, apricots, and pears. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Prophet Daniel and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

text: unnecessary info

refinement: The area of Dornberk is known for the production of wine and fruits, especially peaches, apricots, and pears.


text:
Part of the Council for International Schools (CIS) accreditation process asks schools to “demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism in education” and that this should be “reflected throughout the life of the institution.” In this article, I will be presenting the case that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fulfil this aspect of education given their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture.

In her book “International Mindedness” Lesley Stagg concludes by paraphrasing Dan Young “Internationalism advocates the quality of ‘being’ international within the overall climate and character evident when you enter the school. It includes the one for all organizational principles that reflect a global community concern (known to its community to exist inside and outside its walls), as well as an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures (and countries). It is evidenced where students and faculty celebrate this quality as they come together for learning and teaching… when common global interests and collaboration are recognized as imperative.”

To my mind, in order to successfully meet this goal, it is essential that the school have at least one unifying feature. There must be something tangible that unites all in the midst of diversity. CIS exhorts the guiding statements of a school as this focal point and these guiding statements must be embedded in the curriculum and in the culture of learning. This is not particularly controversial and is something commonly accepted in the domain of international schools. However, I would like to suggest that in reality, many international schools across the world do not have this one unifying feature and that, in fact in many cases, their guiding statements are contrived, jargonistic and essentially meaningless. The exception to this fact being those schools, which have a deep-rooted sense of history, enshrined in tradition and have a culture that is known and embraced by the wider community. I would argue that this is the case in schools underpinned by a religious tradition.

Moreover, in order to create an “overall positive attitude between diverse cultures (and countries)” it is necessary to celebrate what unites families from diverse cultures and countries and in many cases, this is their religious experience. Children from a multitude of countries, different races, speaking different languages and having a range of cultural norms, inevitably populate an International School. Finding something to unite such a diverse community is a challenge CIS recognizes, but within a school embracing a religious tradition, there is no challenge because, despite the obvious diversity, children and their families are united by their religious beliefs. This is more obviously the case when they all hark from the same religious tradition, but I contend that it can also be the case when children of different religions, or denominations within a particular religion, are educated together as their belief in God (or in some cases a Supreme Being) transcends any of their apparent differences. Many dismiss too often religion as a cause of conflict but I would argue the contrary and suggest that in reality religion unites people due to the fact that they have a common sense of purpose and of human dignity. Nothing is more unifying than a common set of beliefs. This permeates deeper than any contrived ideology.

Central to religious identity is a call to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation and to celebrating unity in diversity. These are the features of international mindedness that CIS wants schools to embrace. Whilst many schools barely touch the tip of the iceberg with respect to international mindedness, schools with a religious identity and faith commitment are deeply rooted in their sense of mission, of their ethos, of their values. International Schools of a non-religious nature could learn a lot by looking at schools of a religious nature. They would observe that in the vast majority of cases (some schools with a religious identity are clearly better than others) that the guiding statements of the school are embedded throughout the institution. In the best schools, the mission and ethos of the school are deeply embedded in the curriculum. Such schools do not have a narrow view of curriculum as merely the teaching of a syllabus or academic program but moreover that it is inclusive of all aspects of a child’s learning experience and development as a human person. Subsequently, children will learn explicitly about issues of prejudice and discrimination, different belief systems (other than that of the denomination of the institution), ethical systems, cultural norms, the dignity of the human person, social enterprise and the like. Furthermore, schools with a religious tradition have always valued prayer and meditation as an essential part of human development. Recognizing this the secular world now promotes “mindfulness” as a non-religious alternative to meditation. Separating meditation from faith, where Buddhist, Christian or another, is somewhat morally bankrupt and a very dubious business in itself.

Many international schools have adopted mission statements but sometimes these are a uniformity of bland clichés with no deep sense of an underlying philosophy. Perhaps even more worrying is the trend for schools to adopt the language of “No child left behind” and focus on college and workplace preparedness as the raison d’etre of education rather than focusing on the development of the whole child with the human dignity. It is immoral to see a child as no more than economic fodder for the future workplace. Schools should reject any policy or system that diminishes the dignity of the human person and refutes the idea that anyone can be reduced to the status of an economic unit or passive-dependent.

Recognizing the distinct nature that schools underpinned by a religious tradition have, and by learning from their best practice, International Schools across the world can learn to emulate the “one for all” educational principles that underpin faith schools. The shared “worldview” that unites people of faiths underpins the values and mission of such schools and enables them to be truly international.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What is the article's main criticism for the "workplace readiness" kind of mission statement of schools?

answer: The article's main criticism is that schools focused exclusively on workplace preparedness devalue the dignity of the human person. This kind of mission statement fails to recognize the innate worth and potential of each individual irrespective of economic utility.

text: "immoral to see a child as no more than economic fodder for the future workplace"

answer: The author finds it reprehensible to see a child as economic fodder.

text: "It is immoral to see a child as no more than economic fodder for the future workplace."

answer: That the developing-whole-child part of the child is hampered by their focus on college and workplace preperedness.

text: "the developing-whole-child part of the child" doesn't make sense. "Development" would work better but the answer still is off.

refinement: That the development of the child is hampered by their focus on college and workplace preparedness.

text: It's omitted that the author believes this practice to be immoral.

refinement: That the development of the child is hampered by their focus on college and workplace preparedness, and is immoral to see a child as no more than economic fodder

answer: The main criticism of the "workplace readiness" type of mission statement is that it diminishes the dignity of the human person. Schools should instead focus on the development of the whole child according to human dignity. Such mission statements deem a child as nothing more than economic fodder for the future workplace. This contradicts the values and mission of schools with a religious identity. Such schools have a shared worldview that unites people of different faiths. This shared worldview promotes the values of peace and reconciliation, as well as respecting the dignity of the human person.

text: The final three sentences are unneccesary as they don't help answer the question.

refinement: The main criticism of the "workplace readiness" type of mission statement is that it diminishes the dignity of the human person. Schools should instead focus on the development of the whole child according to human dignity. Such mission statements deem a child as nothing more than economic fodder for the future workplace.

answer: There's an undercurrent of calling the child's life as economic usefulness for the future workplace - immoral therefore.

text: This answer is worded poorly and hard to understand.

refinement: There is a trend of preparing children for the workforce, which the author finds immoral. They believe this makes children out to be nothing but economic fodder.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why does religion underpin a sense of internationalism?

answer: The author claims that's because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture.

answer: Stagg purports that "the guiding statements of a school are the focal point and this language must be embedded in the curriculum and in the culture of learning" and schools are best placed to fulfil this aspect of education given their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture.

text: Stagg isn't the one who purports this opinion, it's the author of the article.

refinement: The guiding statements of a school are the focal point and this language must be embedded in the curriculum and in the culture of learning and schools are best placed to fulfil this aspect of education given their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture.

text: "Guiding statements" doesn't answer the question. The latter half does, but needs to include "religion".

refinement: Religious schools are best placed to fulfil this aspect of education given their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture.

answer: A shared religion and worldview enables an international society to be formed.

text: It's omitted that their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture also enable an international society.

refinement: A shared religion, worldview, and their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture enables an international society to be formed.

answer: Given that religious identity is based on shared beliefs and common purpose, schools rooted in religious traditions are positioned to be more able to foster an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. This is because their guiding principles are both shared and built on notions of human dignity and value. This combined with the fact that religious traditions always value meditation and reflection results in a powerful impetus to social justice that all schools, regardless of their orientation, can benefit from. This ultimately fosters an attitude of international mindedness and respect.

text: The meditation isn't necessarily connected to the social justice. This is a bit misleading.

refinement: Given that religious identity is based on shared beliefs and common purpose, schools rooted in religious traditions are positioned to be more able to foster an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. This is because their guiding principles are both shared and built on notions of human dignity and value. This combined with the fact that religious traditions always value meditation and reflection that all schools, regardless of their orientation, can benefit from. This ultimately fosters an attitude of international mindedness and respect.

text: There is no mention of history.

refinement: Given that religious identity is based on shared beliefs, history and common purpose, schools rooted in religious traditions are positioned to be more able to foster an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. This is because their guiding principles are both shared and built on notions of human dignity and value. This combined with the fact that religious traditions always value meditation and reflection that all schools, regardless of their orientation, can benefit from. This ultimately fosters an attitude of international mindedness and respect.

answer: Because religious institutions share a common goal and unite people of different cultures and races through shared values and beliefs. It is this commonality that enables international mindedness and the fostering of positive relationships between communities. Religion uniquely provides the foundation for a shared vision that transcends superficial concerns of nationality, race and class.

text: History, tradition, and culture are omitted.

refinement: Because religious institutions share a common goal, history, tradition, culture and unite people of different cultures and races through shared values and beliefs. It is this commonality that enables international mindedness and the fostering of positive relationships between communities. Religion uniquely provides the foundation for a shared vision that transcends superficial concerns of nationality, race and class.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the author's view about the central tenets of a religion.

answer: - Community, to social justice, to respect human dignity.

text: This answer would flow better as an entire sentence.

refinement: Religion's central tenets are community, to social justice, to respect human dignity.

text: Peace and reconciliation and celebrating unity in diversity are omitted.

refinement: Religion's central tenets are community, to social justice, to respect human dignity, peace, reconciliation, and celebrating unity in diversity.

answer: The author believes that schools rooted in a religious tradition have the best potential for meeting CIS's goal of fostering an understanding of internationalism and interculturalism. He believes that religious institutions exist to celebrate unity in diversity and that this ethos is reflected in their guiding statements, curriculum and learning environment. The central tenets of religion include a sense of community and focused mission, respect for human dignity, and making peace and reconciliation. These tenets are fundamental to fostering an international mindset among students in the school setting.

text: Only the third sentence answers the question.

refinement: The central tenets of religion include a sense of community and focused mission, respect for human dignity, and making peace and reconciliation.

text: Celebrating unity in diversity is omitted.

refinement: The central tenets of religion include a sense of community and focused mission, respect for human dignity, celebrating unity in diversity, making peace and reconciliation.

answer: The core of religious identity is a call to community, social justice, respect for human dignity, peace and reconciliation, and celebrating unity in diversity.

answer: A calling to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation, to celebrating unity in diversity.

answer: The author believes that religious traditions provide a sense of unity that is crucial to an international minded education. In many cases, religious traditions promote social justice, respect, and mindfulness, all of which are critical to fostering positive interactions among diverse cultures and countries. Therefore, the author believes that religion provides an essential foundation to international minded education.

text: This answer misses the mark despite having some details about central tenets to religion, and brings up irrelevant details like the author's feelings on the international minded education. The answer acts as if it's answering to a different question. The correct answer is, "central to religious identity is a call to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation and to celebrating unity in diversity."

refinement: Central to religious identity is a call to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation and to celebrating unity in diversity

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How does the author justify that "mindfulness" separated from religion is morally bankrupt?

answer: Because the author insists that the essence of religion is a common set of beliefs, a worldview if you will. Meditation, particularly meditation as a trait of religious practices, is broad enough for the author to lump meditation into worldview.

text: The author doesn't really have a justification for this claim in their paper. To make this answer accurate, dressing it in speculative terms would make the most sense. However, this answer seems a bit too speculative and doesn't really answer the question. It would be better to just say that the justification isn't given in the text.

refinement: The justification isn't given in the text.

answer: The author believes that separating meditation from religion is morally bankrupt because the whole point of meditation is to foster human development and respect for human dignity. Secular initiatives to capitalize on the benefits of meditation ignore the foundational reasons behind meditation which are rooted in the religious belief that all humans are made in God's likeness and should be cared for accordingly. Without these values and beliefs, the act of meditation becomes morally bankrupt.

text: The author doesn't really have a justification for this claim in their paper. To make this answer accurate, dressing it in speculative terms would make the most sense. However, this answer is a bit too speculative, and could be misleading. It would be better to just say that the answer can't be found.

answer: There is no explanation.

answer: There's no justification, it's just stated.

answer: The author rejects the idea of separating meditation from the religious tradition it comes from on the basis that separating it overlooks the values and mission that underpin schools with a religious identity. The author believes that schools based on a religious tradition have a deep sense of their purpose and philosophy, which includes a focus on human dignity. Mindfulness without this framework is morally bankrupt.

text: The author doesn't really have a justification for this claim in their paper. To make this answer accurate, dressing it in speculative measures would make the most sense. However, the answer is too speculative and doesn't actually answer the question because it focuses more on the school aspect.

refinement: It could be speculated that the author rejects the idea of separating meditation from the religious tradition it comes from on the basis that separating it overlooks the values and mission that underpin schools with a religious identity. The author believes that schools based on a religious tradition have a deep sense of their purpose and philosophy, which includes a focus on human dignity. Mindfulness without this framework is morally bankrupt.

question: Write a ~4 sentence summary.

answer: The author argues that schools with a religious tradition are uniquely positioned to both enact and fulfill the requirement for promoting internationalism/interculturalism. This is due to the fact that they fully embody a sense of strength in diversity through focusing on commonalities such as a religion, and by incorporating devout ideals and practices into their curriculum and community. Schools without such focus can learn from the best practices of religious-centered schools, to better promote internationalism.

text: "Shared worldview" and how it unites people of faith is omitted.

refinement: The author argues that schools with a religious tradition are uniquely positioned to both enact and fulfill the requirement for promoting internationalism/interculturalism. This is due to the fact that they fully embody a sense of strength in diversity through focusing on commonalities such as a religion, and by incorporating devout ideals and practices into their curriculum and community. Schools without such focus can learn from the best practices of religious-centered schools, to better promote internationalism. The shared "worldview" that unites people of faiths underpins the values and mission of such schools.

answer: The author argues that due to the religious foundation of many schools, they are best placed meeting the requirements of programs like the Council for International Schools (CIS). As CIS ex post has affirmed, they expect schools to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author addresses the criticism that religious schools focus on a narrow worldview that fosters intolerance, prejudice, and discrimination. The author dismisses this criticism, stating that religious traditions make the ultimate call for building community, social justice, respecting human dignity, and more.

text: The sentence about addressing the criticism is false. The author discusses how "central to religious identity is a call to community, to social justice, to a respect for human dignity, to peace and reconciliation and to celebrating unity in diversity," but there is no mention of criticism about this.

refinement: The author argues that due to the religious foundation of many schools, they are best placed meeting the requirements of programs like the Council for International Schools (CIS). As CIS ex post has affirmed, they expect schools to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author dismisses this criticism, stating that religious traditions make the ultimate call for building community, social justice, respecting human dignity, and more.

text: The first sentence is a bit off in that it doesn't quite grasp the hypothesis of the author. It needs to be reworded and restructured

refinement: The author argues the foundation of religious schools is best for meeting the requirements of programs like the Council for International Schools (CIS). As CIS ex post has affirmed, they expect schools to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author dismisses this criticism, stating that religious traditions make the ultimate call for building community, social justice, respecting human dignity, and more.

text: "ex post" doesn't work in its current setting. It would be best to remove.

refinement: The author argues the foundation of religious schools is best for meeting the requirements of programs like the Council for International Schools (CIS). As CIS has affirmed, they expect schools to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author states that religious traditions make the ultimate call for building community, social justice, respecting human dignity, and more.

text: "Shared worldview" and how it unites people of faith is omitted.

refinement: The author argues the foundation of religious schools is best for meeting the requirements of programs like the Council for International Schools (CIS). As CIS has affirmed, they expect schools to demonstrate a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author states that religious traditions make the ultimate call for building community, social justice, respecting human dignity, and more. The shared "worldview" that unites people of faiths underpins the values and mission of such schools

answer: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity- which depends on a religious institution. Tong then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedded of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to Tong, native schools and non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how implement and embrace international teachings.

text: "How implement" should be "how to implement".

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity- which depends on a religious institution. Tong then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedded of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to Tong, native schools and non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

text: "native schools" isn't said in the text, so it would be better to omit that.

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity- which depends on a religious institution. Tong then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedded of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to Tong, non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

text: Tong isn't mentioned in the text, so it would be better to refer to Tong as "the author".

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity- which depends on a religious institution. The author then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedded of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to the author, non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

text: "which depends on a religious institution" doesn't really make sense/is redundant.

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity. The author then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedded of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to the author, non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

text: "embedded" should be "embedding".

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity. The author then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and the embedding of guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to the author, non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

text: "the embedding of guiding statements" should remove "the embedding".

refinement: The author claims that schools of a religious tradition are best placed to fill the criteria to be international, because of their deeply rooted sense of history, tradition and culture. They claim that this is the case because religious schools have at least one unifier that will unite all the people of the diversity. The author then mentions the fact that despite the differences between religions, people are unified by the common sense of purpose and human dignity, and guiding statements in the school's culture is what implements an overall positive attitude between diverse cultures. According to the author, non-religious international schools can learn a lot by adapting religious schools' teachings on how to implement and embrace international teachings.

answer: Schools of a religious tradition are best equipped to fulfil CIS requirements for a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism education. This is due to the shared worldview that unites people of faiths, which is reflected in the institution's guiding statements and curriculum. Schools would do well to emulate the principles found in religious schools.

text: This is only three instead of four sentences. Add that the author argues that the religious experience can foster a positive attitude in the way it unites people of diverse cultures.

refinement: Schools of a religious tradition are best equipped to fulfil CIS requirements for a commitment to internationalism/interculturalism education. This is due to the shared worldview that unites people of faiths, which is reflected in the institution's guiding statements and curriculum. The religious experience can foster a positive attitude in the way it unites people of diverse cultures. Schools would do well to emulate the principles found in religious schools.

answer: The author argues that schools of a religious tradition have a deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture. It follows that these institutions reflect a sense of commitment to internationalism/interculturalism. The author argues that there needs to be one unifying feature for cohesion, which faith supplies. This shared worldview enables schools of a religious tradition to be truly international.

text: The deeply rooted sense of history, etc. needs to tie into the internationalism better. The sentence in its current state doesn't seem like that reflects into internationalism.

refinement: The author argues that schools of a religious tradition have a deeply rooted sense of history, tradition, and culture which reflects a sense of commitment to internationalism/interculturalism that the CIS asks for of international schools. The author argues that there needs to be one unifying feature for cohesion, which faith supplies. This shared worldview enables schools of a religious tradition to be truly international.


text:
MALIK IKHTIYAR-UD-DIN ALTUNIA was a ruler of Bengal and Bhatinda (Punjab) and was the lover and husband of Razia Sultan and a military general of the Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty.

Mirza Altunia born was Something around 1204 at Bhatinda , Punjab

  Born       1204
  ---------- ------------------------------
  Spouse     Razia Sultan
  Died       13 October 1240 Delhi, India
  Religion   Sunni Islam

Early life

He was given the charge of sharab-dar [office the care of the liquors] and after sometime when Sultan Itutmish saw the bravey and manliness in him he gave him the office of Sar Chatar-dar [Head of the state canopy- bearers]. During the reign of Razia Sultan , he stood by her like a pillar through thick and thin times. He helped her break the 40 Amirs and strengthen her rule, he also helped her in over throwing the rule of Shah Turkan and her son ,Ruknuddin Firoz who were very cruel. Due to his services to her and the Sultanate, she made him the Governer of Bhatinda which was under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate.

Some historians say that, it was because of Malik Altunia's undying support and protective shield towards her, that she managed to rule successfully for four years. This fact made sense because, after he left for Bhatinda the Turkish nobles started to conspire against her and spread rumors about her and Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, an Abyssinian Siddi (Habshi) slave, and she began to meet her downfall.

Love for Razia Sultan

Altunia and Razia were childhood friends, some claim them to be childhood sweethearts. He had aimed to be her royal consort one day, but Razia's busy life and heavy responsibility as a Sultan wasn't something that she could overlook. Hence she kept turning down his repeated proposals for marriage. When he became the governor of Bhatinda, Razia started relying on an Abyssinian Slave named Jamaluddin Yaqut who was loyal to the Sultana. Yaqut in a short span had acquired great position and rank. From a simple Amir-i-Akhur (Lord of the stables), he became Amir-ul-Umra (Chief of the Nobles). The position of Amir-ul-Umra was earlier held only by a Turk of highest order. The growing rumour between the illicit relationship between Yaqut and Razia made him jealous and so he led a rebellion against her .

It is now accepted that Malik Altunia was her first and last love. The rumors of Yaqut were only spread by Turkish nobles to put the Sultana's image down. Many well known historians also believe that the rebellion was simply a way of getting her back and to protect her from the evil eyes of people like Kabir Khan and the Turkish Nobles who always wanted her downfall because they could not accept a woman sitting on the throne. Mount Elphiston describes Malik Altunia in his book as “the safest hands Sultan Razia could ever be placed in.”

A battle ensued between the lovers, Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured and taken as prisoner. While in prison, she was kept in royalty and Altunia visited her regularly. She was allowed to go to Hajirattan mosque to offer prayers on Fridays in a special palki. The changing nature and extreme care melted the anger of Razia Sultan and she won him over once again with her love clearing the misunderstandings once and for all. As a result she was released and the lovers got married.

Death

By the way after their marriage they stayed together for months and not ultimately waged war against Bahram as written on many fake sites. Altunia , brought forth Sultan Razia from the fortress of Bhatinda , assembled forces, and marched towards the capital.However, their plan had little chance to get success still they tried. Both Razia and Mirja were defeated on October 1240. They fled Delhi and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed on the date corresponds to October 13, 1240.

There is a claimed burial site where Razia Sultana was buried in Kaithal and Altunia was also buried next to her.There was also a masjid nearby.

Viceroy of India (Lord Linlithgow) in 1938 came to kaithal to visit Razia's tomb. He approved a special grant for the restoration of the tomb. After that Director General Archaeology India visited the tomb but due to second world war, the grant could not be spent on the restoration.

A.H. 638 (October 1240). They fled Delhi and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed on the 25th of Rabi' al-awwal A.H. 638, this date corresponds to October 13, 1240. but unfortunately both were killed by jats and robbers. (This is the most accepted version of history).

In popular culture

In 2015, &TV started airing a TV series on the life of Razia Sultan, starring Rohit Purohit as Malik Altunia which highlighted both, her tough journey towards becoming a Sultan and her much spoken about passionate love life with Altunia .

title: Malik Altunia

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What are the factors behind Razia Sultan's longevity as a ruler of Delhi?

answer: Malik Altunia's defense and his help against her enemies.

answer: One could say Razia Sultan's friends and loyal allies were the reason behind her longevity as a ruler of Delhi, which Malik Altunia played a major role in doing. Malik Altunia also appointed himself as the protector/defender of Razia Sultan's position of ruling for four years.

text: The English is a little clumsy.

refinement: Razia Sultan's friends and loyal allies were the reason behind her longevity as a ruler of Delhi. Malik Altunia played a major role in this. Malik Altunia also appointed himself as the protector/defender of Razia Sultan's position for four years.

answer: Razia Sultan is the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and was the wife of Malik Altunia, the military general of the Delhi Sultanate. Razia was surrounded by political enemies who sought to undermine her authority, including spreading a rumor that she was sleeping with an Abbyssinian slave-turned-noble named Yaqut. This infuriated malik who decided to plot an insurrection again her. Prior to this period, Razia had enjoyed a stronghold on Delhi with the help and support of Malik who used his position to supported and protected her for four years.

text: This is inaccurate. It was after and not prior.

refinement: Razia Sultan is the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and was the wife of Malik Altunia, the military general of the Delhi Sultanate. Razia was surrounded by political enemies who sought to undermine her authority, including spreading a rumor that she was sleeping with an Abbyssinian slave-turned-noble named Yaqut. This infuriated malik who decided to plot an insurrection again her. After this, Razia enjoyed a stronghold on Delhi with the help and support of Malik who used his position to supported and protected her for four years.

text: Grammatical error

refinement: Razia Sultan was the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and was the wife of Malik Altunia, the military general of the Delhi Sultanate. Razia was surrounded by political enemies who sought to undermine her authority, including spreading a rumor that she was sleeping with an Abbyssinian slave-turned-noble named Yaqut. This infuriated malik who decided to plot an insurrection again her. After this, Razia enjoyed a stronghold on Delhi with the help and support of Malik who used his position to supported and protected her for four years.

answer: Malik Altunia's undying support and protective shield towards her helped Razia Sultan rule successfully for four years. The friendship she had with Altunia when they were young made him an ideal candidate to stand by her in her times of struggle and tribulations. Additionally, Yaqut's rumor-mongering and betrayal added to the reasons behind the Turkish's nobility's cause for wanting her downfall. This underlying ill-will contributed to her eventual downfall at the hands of Jats. Altunia alongside her struggled to carry on, but both were ultimately killed by jats and robbers. Therefore, Razia Sultan's longevity as a ruler of Delhi was largely due to Malik Altunia's standing by her side.

answer: The primary factors behind Razia Sultan's longevity as a ruler in Delhi are her steadfast supporters like Malik Altunia, her unpopularity amongst the Turkish nobles, her relationship with Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, and the religious support she garnered. Malik Altunia consistently provided her with undying support, the Turkish nobles were jealous of her, and her relationship with Yaqut only made her more popular. Finally, her power became strengthened with the religious support from the public.

text: Razia Sultan's unpopularity can't be the reason for her longevity.

refinement: The primary factors behind Razia Sultan's longevity as a ruler in Delhi are her steadfast supporters like Malik Altunia who supported and protected her


text:
Fear is like a seed. It starts out small, but with time and without restraint, it grows inside me, consumes me, and leaves me an empty husk of my former self. When I was a young child, I had no fears. I could climb the tallest tree, swim the longest lake, run the longest distance. My father smiled at my innocence, and my mother laughed at my youthfulness. Then my mother got very sick. She had fourth stage pancreatic cancer and died just two weeks after she had been diagnosed. This all happened when I was just twelve years old. My father turned bitter and violent. He never hit me, but his harsh and condescending words hurt as much as a whip. My mother was an incredible piano player, and my father forced me to follow in her footsteps. I practiced hard and often, but my father was insatiable; he would scream and hurl profanities at me every time I missed a key. That’s when I learned about fear; fear is the ugly clang of my fingers slipping on the piano keys, knowing that every mistake I make is just one more thing for my father to add to my list of failures. Fear is the icy gust that makes my skin prickle as my sharp-tongued father slams the door.

Despite my protest, my father entered me in multiple piano contests. He told me that he didn't expect me to win, but that maybe the judges would find me so abominable that they’d take pity on me and give me a prize anyway. A few minutes before I took the stage, my stomach clenched up; at my very first performance, I discovered I had crippling stage fright. I realized fear is the suffocating vice that crushes my lungs and leaves me gasping for breath. The once friendly applause of the crowd now sounds like a wild chant dooming me to failure. Fear is the acidic taste that fills my mouth as I prepare to take the stage. The gentle melody of the other performer’s music now sounds like a clock, loud and patronizing, counting down to the moment I will take the stage, and how much longer I have until I must return to my father’s condescending words.   Fear is the pounding of my heart and the inescapable glare of the spotlight, focused only on me. The heat is suffocating, but not as much as the thought that if this performance isn't perfect, my father will scream at me until his voice and my self-esteem are worn away.

I sat down nervously and played my song. I made no mistakes, but my playing lacked any feelings or emotions. Fear had shut me down; I couldn't have stopped playing if my life had depended on it. After the show, a boy slightly older than me congratulated me on my performance. I would see him see him many times throughout the next year; his name was Tyler. I went to my father expecting to get a fake smile to appease the judges (in years past, his shouts and abusive nature had worried the judges, which had led to awkward confrontations), but he just dragged me into the car.
“What on Earth was that crap?! Did I waste my precious time teaching you how to press keys? No! I taught you to win! Clearly, you don’t have your mother’s talent. I guess you’ll never be good enough. I should have known better.”

The rest of the drive home was spent in an angry silence. Fear is the salty tang in the air as bitter tears stain my cheeks.

As many more terrifying piano recitals came and went, I grew very close to Tyler. I was with him every day from six to nine for five years, and he became my closest friend. I trusted him with my life and told him all about my verbally abusive father. He seemed to be the only one who understood my unhappiness; he had a mother who was equally strict, although she had abandoned him a few months before he and I had met. We ended up dating and moved in together when I was eighteen; although my father couldn't control me, I could still hear his insults repeated in my head. Without my father there to hurl insults at me, I began to do it on my own. Tyler had started out very kind and understanding, but soon became frustrated with my crazy ramblings; he would often beat me when I muttered about what a failure I was. It was then that I learned fear is loving someone who will only hurt you. Fear is the slap of realization that my life will only get worse; just as bitter a feeling as Tyler actually slapping me. Tyler soon called my father to our house. When he saw my disheveled appearance, he laughed and told me I looked close to snapping. When those words passed his lips, a strange look came over his face.
The next day my father was found dead, and I was convicted as the murderer after. I had been deemed medically insane and a danger to society. It is from this penitentiary that I tell you my story. Fear is an ocean. Its tides ebb and flow; sometimes there is only a prickling of doubt, sometimes there is an overwhelming urge to hide and never come out. Fear is the shock of losing my desperate hold on the cliff of my life, plunging into the frigid waters below, the weight of my past dragging me down past the crashing waves. The ocean of my fears has swallowed me up, and I have been imprisoned. There is no escape; I will stay forgotten, alone in this room until I lose all sense of time and hope. Falsely kind faces smile at me and tell me that I’m alright, and I’ll only be here for “a short while”, but I know that I’ll be here forever. Fear is the realization that no matter what they say, I won’t be all right.

title: Fear is

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the story say about the narrator's sense of self?

answer: The narrator's sense of self varied over time and situations. His mother's death and abuse made him paranoid and fearful, but he seemingly wanted to get out of his father's house. His sympathy toward Tyler at the beginning of their relationship and partnership signaled the start of their downfall. Inside the penitentiary, the narrator began to doubt his sanity and claimed he was crazy. All this culminated in his feeling of not bettering himself, and he fell into depression.

text: "His" - this is incorrect because the narrator is a female.

refinement: The narrator's sense of self varied over time and situations. Her mother's death and abuse made her paranoid and fearful, but she seemingly wanted to get out of her father's house. Her sympathy toward Tyler at the beginning of their relationship and partnership signaled the start of her downfall. Inside the penitentiary, the narrator began to doubt her sanity and claimed she was crazy. All this culminated in her feeling of not bettering herself, and she fell into depression.

text: "and abuse" - this is inaccurate. Her mother never abused her, it was the father who did.

refinement: The narrator's sense of self varied over time and situations. Her mother's death and her father's verbal abuse made her paranoid and fearful, but she seemingly wanted to get out of her father's house. Her sympathy toward Tyler at the beginning of their relationship and partnership signaled the start of her downfall. Inside the penitentiary, the narrator began to doubt her sanity and claimed she was crazy. All this culminated in her feeling of not bettering herself, and she fell into depression.

answer: Since the story starts with the narrator's mother becoming sick and dying when the narrator is twelve years of age, the main narrative arc of the story is the narrator's sensation of being scared and losing their sense of self under the immense pressure of their father's abuse. Feeling fearful and threatened at every turn, the narrator sustains a sense of crippling fear, paralyzing them and making it impossible for them to live the life they had once anticipated for themselves. Despite attempts at trying to get close to a friend and moving in with them, the narrator ultimately loses their sense of self and self-worth, succumbing to a sense of hopelessness and despair.

text: The use of "singular they" is unnecessary because the narrator is female.

refinement: Since the story starts with the narrator's mother becoming sick and dying when the narrator is twelve years of age, the main narrative arc of the story is the narrator's sensation of being scared and losing her sense of self under the immense pressure of her father's abuse. Feeling fearful and threatened at every turn, the narrator sustains a sense of crippling fear, paralyzing her and making it impossible for her to live the life she had once anticipated for herself. Despite attempts at trying to get close to a friend and moving in with him, the narrator ultimately loses her sense of self and self-worth, succumbing to a sense of hopelessness and despair.

answer: The narrator's father forces her to replicate an aspect of her mother after her passing by forcing the narrator to play the piano. He also forces her to play in contests. During the entire time, he's verbally abusive to her and instills a sense of terror in her that cripples her. When she eventually gets free of her father, she still abuses herself, which prompts physically abusive behavior from her husband. By the end, she can't get over the emotional trauma she suffered through her life, consigning herself to her predicament.

text: "The narrator's father forces her to replicate an aspect of her mother after her passing by forcing the narrator to play the piano." - this sentence is hard to read and can be improved.

refinement: When the narrator's mother passed away, her father forces her to play the piano because her mother was good at it. He also forces her to play in contests. During the entire time, he's verbally abusive to her and instills a sense of terror in her that cripples her. When she eventually gets free of her father, she still abuses herself, which prompts physically abusive behavior from her husband. By the end, she can't get over the emotional trauma she suffered through her life, consigning herself to her predicament.

text: "from her husband" - this is incorrect. They were just living together.

refinement: When the narrator's mother passed away, her father forces her to play the piano because her mother was good at it. He also forces her to play in contests. During the entire time, he's verbally abusive to her and instills a sense of terror in her that cripples her. When she eventually gets free of her father, she still abuses herself, which prompts physically abusive behavior from her boyfriend. By the end, she can't get over the emotional trauma she suffered through her life, consigning herself to her predicament.

answer: The narrator feels insignificant, powerless, and alone. She views herself as a failure, someone who can never be good enough. She also sees herself as spiraling into an unforgiving ocean of fear, with no chance of escape or redemption.

answer: According to the narrator, her mother and father fed into her relentless pursuit for perfection, which made her feel insecure about herself. She was shy and withdrawn, and never able to perform onstage and speak up for herself, as she drew from that inner strength until she started living with Tyler, who would only hurt her while sacrificing himself in their relationship. Her self-worth was then replaced by her fear of being worthless, a cycle her father reinforced until her father died.

text: "According to the narrator, her mother and father fed into her relentless pursuit for perfection" - this is inaccurate. Her mother died and it was only her father who demanded perfection.

refinement: According to the narrator, her father relentlessly pushed for perfection in her piano playing, which made her feel insecure about herself. She was shy and withdrawn, and never able to perform onstage and speak up for herself, as she drew from that inner strength until she started living with Tyler, who would only hurt her while sacrificing himself in their relationship. Her self-worth was then replaced by her fear of being worthless, a cycle her father reinforced until her father died.

text: "as she drew from that inner strength until she started living with Tyler, who would only hurt her while sacrificing himself in their relationship. Her self-worth was then replaced by her fear of being worthless, a cycle her father reinforced until her father died." - this is incorrect. The narrator had no inner strength to draw from - her father made sure of that courtesy of his relentless verbal abuse. Tyler also didn't sacrifice himself in their relationship. He actually hurt the narrator physically. Nothing changed even after the narrator killed her father.

refinement: According to the narrator, her father relentlessly pushed for perfection in her piano playing, which made her feel insecure about herself. She was shy and withdrawn, and never able to perform onstage and speak up for herself. She started living with Tyler, who would only hurt physically. Her self-worth was then replaced by her fear of being worthless, a cycle her father reinforced even after his death.