text:
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un’s sudden proposition to President Trump[]Donald John TrumpTrump rages against '60 Minutes' for interview with Krebs Cornyn spox: Neera Tanden has 'no chance' of being confirmed as Biden's OMB pick Pa. lawmaker was informed of positive coronavirus test while meeting with Trump: report MORE for a date is premeditated and potentially deadly. While the proposed meeting between the heads of the longtime antagonistic states — were it actually to happen — would be unprecedented, Pyongyang’s outreach was entirely predictable. It certainly is not unprecedented.

Kim is simply taking a page out of his father’s 2000 playbook. That year, Kim Jong Il, the father of the current youthful despot and second hereditary ruler of the dystopian dynasty that is the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, set a new standard in international shakedown. After firing a missile over Japan (for the first time) in 1998 and following it up with a naval skirmish against South Korea in 1999, Kim the Second wound down his crisis-crescendo dial and turned up the charm-o-meter.

In June, Kim Jong Il hosted the first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting and pocketed $500 million from the Southern pilgrim. Next stop: Washington. In October, Kim Jong Il’s senior-most military man personally conveyed to President Clinton his boss’s invitation for a Pyongyang pilgrimage. Clinton, who was keen on traversing the traps-strewn path to Pyongyang, was saved by the George W. Bush-Al Gore[]Albert (Al) Arnold GoreKey McConnell ally: Biden should get access to transition resources CNN acquires Joe Biden documentary 'President in Waiting' Former GSA chief: 'Clear' that Biden should be recognized as president-elect MORE election recount fiasco that dragged on until mid-December.

But his secretary of State, hastily dispatched to Pyongyang before the November election, was less fortunate, leaving some embarrassing, lasting images (for example, improperly holding her Champagne flute while the North Korean dictator, well-versed in the sybaritic lifestyle, holds it correctly by its stem). During those heady years of the Clinton-Bush continuum, the United States, hoodwinked by the Pyongyang Ponzi scheme, gave North Korea in excess of $1.3 billion.

In the coming weeks, Kim Jong Un may send Kim Yo Jong, his dear sister and Royal Censor, to Washington to further soften up Trump and seal the deal. The imperious smiles-flashing Kim Yo Jung is an unprecedented, bias-busting weapon for the Kim regime. Hers is a softer, kinder, quasi-glamorous human face on the inhumane and eminently mockable regime that is the North Korean state. Were the Pyongyang princess, who reportedly is pregnant, make the trans-Pacific trip visibly appearing so, well-wishers the world over would swoon and mutter under their breath how oafish it would be of Trump not to heed the hard-working, self-sacrificing, peace-seeking envoy’s sincere entreaty to meet her hard-playing, fellow citizens-sacrificing, war-threatening brother.

Trump should see Kim’s "offer" to refrain from further weapons tests for now as what it is — a lazy recycling of the old ruse he used on the Obama administration in 2012. Nuclear and ballistic missile tests are prohibited by more than 10 United Nations Security Council resolutions. Hence, the mere utterance of abstinence from forbidden activities does not a change of heart make. Moreover, Kim Jong Un’s sudden “commitment” to holding "denuclearization" talks — a quarter-century-old canard — in North Korean parlance means the end of the U.S. extended nuclear deterrence to South Korea (and Japan) and the abrogation of the U.S.-South Korea defense treaty.

In short, Kim not only has not made any concession but has managed to hypnotize many into believing that last-minute banquets and bonhomie will trump the reality of Pyongyang’s half-century-old pursuit of nukes and Washington’s quarter-century-old record of failed nuclear diplomacy.

So, how should Trump proceed?

First, think hard on basic logic: At what point between Vice President Pence’s invalidation of Kim Jong Un’s Pyeongchang Olympics outreach as a “charade” in early February and Kim’s courting of President Trump in early March did the Dear Leader’s intentions become not fake?

Second, the United States should make some basic demands — action beyond words. Start with small steps such as calling on Kim to release detained U.S. and South Korean citizens and allow separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone the basic freedom of telephone calls and exchange of letters. All the while, enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress.

Trump must realize that the terms of the gradual suspension and ultimate termination of U.S. sanctions against the Kim regime are codified into law. Unless Pyongyang takes meaningful steps toward the complete dismantlement of its nuclear plants and centrifuges; stops illicit activities such as counterfeiting U.S. currency, money laundering and proliferation; releases all political prisoners and stops censoring the North Korean people in extremis; abides by international norms as an aid-recipient nation; and complies with monitoring and, ultimately, reforms its horrific prison camps, the U.S. is legally bound to continue to enforce sanctions.

Third, inconvenient as it may be, Trump must speak the truth to Kim Jong Un. If the president is able to muster up the strength to look Kim in the eye and tell him, “Mr. Kim: Tear down the walls of your inhumane gulags,” his meeting with the tyrant, even if denuclearization fails in the near-term, may mark a powerful symbolic moment. But if Trump falls for Kim’s trap and, after indulging in the bonhomous moment of the summitry, prematurely relaxes sanctions — thus, legitimating and rewarding the world’s most tyrannical leader — then his meeting with Kim will be yet another bleak moment in the inglorious annals of U.S. diplomacy vis-à-vis Pyongyang.

More likely, it will be worse. North Korea today stands on the verge of nuclear breakout and becoming a continual credible nuclear threat to the continental United States. A summit meeting short on substance will only allow Kim to buy more time and money with which to pre-empt U.S. pre-emption and perfect his own nuclear posture, to be implemented at a time of his own choosing. For Trump to succumb to Pyongyang’s transparent ploy and prematurely deprive himself of the one effective nonlethal policy he has — sanctions enforcement — would be to affirm Karl Marx’s maxim, “History repeats itself, the first as tragedy, then as farce.”

Worse still, in the strange, atavistic case of the North Korean nuclear saga, the first summit gambit in 2000 was farcical aplenty. A replay of history in 2018 may invite not just a conventional tragedy, but nuclear calamity. Trump must at all cost circumvent Pyongyang’s traps and ensure that the joke, for once, is on Kim.

_Sung-Yoon Lee is Kim Koo-Korea Foundation professor of Korean studies and assistant professor at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University._

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about a Pyongyang pilgrimage?

answer: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However a recount fight put plans on hold. Clinton's former secretary of state Leslie Burce Dow could not break his way through, which left an embarrassing legacy. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The date of the first offer for a Pyongyang pilgrimage is October 1999. The year is very important and should be included.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However a recount fight put plans on hold. Clinton's former secretary of state Leslie Burce Dow could not break his way through, which left an embarrassing legacy. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The cancelation of Clinton's visit to Pyongyang is misrepresented as a delay.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However a recount fight canceled his visit. Clinton's former secretary of state Leslie Burce Dow could not break his way through, which left an embarrassing legacy. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The reason for Clinton's canceled visit can be conveyed more clearly.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However, the election recount debacle of George Bush vs Al Gore canceled his visit. Clinton's former secretary of state Leslie Burce Dow could not break his way through, which left an embarrassing legacy. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The name of Clinton's secretary of state is made up. Additionally, she's not a former secretary at the time.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However, the election recount debacle of George Bush vs Al Gore canceled his visit. Clinton's secretary of state could not break his way through, which left an embarrassing legacy. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: Clinton's secretary of state visited Pyongyang, which is conveyed confusingly. The answer should be clearer about the embarrassing event, which is a sarcastic remark in the text. The answer should also mention that she went instead of Clinton.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However, the election recount debacle of George Bush vs Al Gore canceled his visit. Clinton's secretary of state went in his stead, leaving embarrassing images like holding her champagne flute wrongly. The next person Kim Jong Il sent was Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The next offer for a Pyongyang visit comes in 2018, which should be mentioned to improve clarity.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However, the election recount debacle of George Bush vs Al Gore canceled his visit. Clinton's secretary of state went in his stead, leaving embarrassing images like holding her champagne flute wrongly. Now in 2018, Kim Jong Il sent Kim Jong-un's sister who, more than posing a threat to Trump, presented evidence of Pyongyang as a nonviolent state.

text: The answer claims Kim Jong Il presents evidence that North Korea is nonviolent, which is wrong. The text says she presents such an image farcically.

refinement: The first attempt to reach out to Washington for the Pyongyang pilgrimage happened in October 1999. A senior-most military man conveyed Kim Jong Il's invitation to president Bill Clinton. However, the election recount debacle of George Bush vs Al Gore canceled his visit. Clinton's secretary of state went in his stead, leaving embarrassing images like holding her champagne flute wrongly. Now in 2018, Kim Jong Il sent Kim Jong-un's sister who, thanks to her pregnancy, presents a seemingly non-violent North Korea.

answer: The article describes Kim Jong Il's senior-most military man who personally conveyed to President Clinton his boss's invitation for a Pyongyang pilgrimage. However, Clinton was saved by the George W. Bush-Al Gore election recount fiasco that dragged on until mid-December. Nonetheless, Clinton's secretary of State was able to visit in October.

text: The article says Clinton's secretary of state visited before the November election, which may or may not has been in October.

refinement: The article describes Kim Jong Il's senior-most military man who personally conveyed to President Clinton his boss's invitation for a Pyongyang pilgrimage. However, Clinton was saved by the George W. Bush-Al Gore election recount fiasco that dragged on until mid-December. Nonetheless, Clinton's secretary of State was able to visit.

text: The answer omits the new offer for visitation to President Trump.

refinement: The article describes Kim Jong Il's senior-most military man who personally conveyed to President Clinton his boss's invitation for a Pyongyang pilgrimage. However, Clinton was saved by the George W. Bush-Al Gore election recount fiasco that dragged on until mid-December. Nonetheless, Clinton's secretary of State was able to visit. Now, a new visitation offer to President Trump comes by way of Kim Yo Jong, the dictator's sister and Royal Censor, who presents a seemingly peaceful facade for North Korea. The article says these invites are designed to elicit legitimacy for the dictatorial state.

answer: The text says that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's sudden offer to President Trump for a date is premeditated and potentially deadly. The proposed meeting between the heads of antagonistic states would be unprecedented, but Pyongyang's outreach was predictable. Kim is simply taking a page out of his father's 2000 playbook by inviting President Clinton before the election recount fiasco. During those heady years of the Clinton-Bush continuum, the United States gave North Korea in excess of $1.3 billion. In the coming weeks, Kim Jong Un may send Kim Yo Jong, his sister and Royal Censor, to Washington to further soften up Trump to help seal the deal. However, President Trump should see that Kim's "offer" to refrain from further weapons tests is likely a ruse and make some basic demands. Unless Pyongyang takes meaningful steps toward the dismantlement of its nuclear plants and centrifuges, President Trump must resist succumbing to Pyongyang's ploy.

text: "Kim is simply taking a page out of his father's 2000 playbook by inviting President Clinton before the election recount fiasco." The answer talks about the invite to Clinton as if it's a recent event. It should be clearer about that happening in the past.

refinement: The text says that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's sudden offer to President Trump for a date is premeditated and potentially deadly. The proposed meeting between the heads of antagonistic states would be unprecedented, but Pyongyang's outreach was predictable. Kim is simply taking a page out of his father's 2000 playbook when he invited President Clinton in October 1999. During those heady years of the Clinton-Bush continuum, the United States gave North Korea in excess of $1.3 billion. In the coming weeks, Kim Jong Un may send Kim Yo Jong, his sister and Royal Censor, to Washington to further soften up Trump to help seal the deal. However, President Trump should see that Kim's "offer" to refrain from further weapons tests is likely a ruse and make some basic demands. Unless Pyongyang takes meaningful steps toward the dismantlement of its nuclear plants and centrifuges, President Trump must resist succumbing to Pyongyang's ploy.

answer: Through a senior military man, Kim Jong Il conveyed to President Clinton an invitation to Pyongyang. Although President Clinton did not make the trip, his secretary of State was dispatched. The invitation came after Kim Jong Il hosted the first inter-Korean summit with the Southern leader.

answer: The text says that when Kim Jong Il fired a missile over Japan in 1998 and followed it up with a naval skirmish with South Korea in 1999, he turned the dial down on the crisis-crescendo and turned up the charm-o-meter in June of 2000. Kim Jong Il then hosted the first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting and pocketed $500 million from the Southern pilgrim. He next offered to meet with President Clinton. Clinton was prevented by an election recount fiasco, but Secretary of State Madeline Albright unsuccessfully pursued a meeting with him. Kim Jong Il then used the visit to bluff his way into obtaining money and sanctions relief. The text warns that Kim's offer of a pilgrimage to Donald Trump should be seen as what it is- a lazy recycling of the old ruse used on the Obama administration. The United States should make demands, enforce sanctions laws, and not be fooled by Kim's transparent trap.

text: The name "Madeline Albright" doesn't come from the text. Also, the visit of Clinton's secretary of state is conveyed wrongly.

refinement: The text says that when Kim Jong Il fired a missile over Japan in 1998 and followed it up with a naval skirmish with South Korea in 1999, he turned the dial down on the crisis-crescendo and turned up the charm-o-meter in June of 2000. Kim Jong Il then hosted the first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting and pocketed $500 million from the Southern pilgrim. He next offered to meet with President Clinton. Clinton was prevented by an election recount fiasco, but his Secretary of State visited and left lasting images of holding her champagne flute wrongly(!). Kim Jong Il then used the visit to bluff his way into obtaining money and sanctions relief. The text warns that Kim's offer of a pilgrimage to Donald Trump should be seen as what it is- a lazy recycling of the old ruse used on the Obama administration. The United States should make demands, enforce sanctions laws, and not be fooled by Kim's transparent trap.

text: The previous "ruse" was on Bill Clinton, not Obama.

refinement: The text says that when Kim Jong Il fired a missile over Japan in 1998 and followed it up with a naval skirmish with South Korea in 1999, he turned the dial down on the crisis-crescendo and turned up the charm-o-meter in June of 2000. Kim Jong Il then hosted the first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting and pocketed $500 million from the Southern pilgrim. He next offered to meet with President Clinton. Clinton was prevented by an election recount fiasco, but his Secretary of State visited and left lasting images of holding her champagne flute wrongly(!). Kim Jong Il then used the visit to bluff his way into obtaining money and sanctions relief. The text warns that Kim's offer of a pilgrimage to Donald Trump should be seen as what it is- a lazy recycling of the old ruse used on the Clinton administration. The United States should make demands, enforce sanctions laws, and not be fooled by Kim's transparent trap.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about nuclear missiles?

answer: Missile tests have been prohibited by over 10 UN Security Council resolutions. However this has not stopped North Korea from the forbidden activities. Kim Jong Un has committed to holding denuclearization talks for decades but to no fruition. Until the complete dismantlement happens, U.S. sanctions against the Kim regime will not be lifted.

text: The answer claims that denuclearization talks were on the table for years, which is wrong.

refinement: Missile tests have been prohibited by over 10 UN Security Council resolutions. However this has not stopped North Korea from the forbidden activities. Kim Jong Un's new commitment to hold denuclearization talks is seen to be a ruse by the author. Until the complete dismantlement happens, U.S. sanctions against the Kim regime will not be lifted.

text: The answer should mention that North Korea is on the verge of having its own nuclear missiles.

refinement: Missile tests have been prohibited by over 10 UN Security Council resolutions. However this has not stopped North Korea from the forbidden activities. Kim Jong Un's new commitment to hold denuclearization talks is seen to be a ruse by the author. North Korea is on the verge of having its own nuclear missiles. Until the complete dismantlement happens, U.S. sanctions against the Kim regime will not be lifted.

answer: The text stresses that Kim's proposed meeting between the heads of longstanding antagonistic states was entirely predictable, and underscores that Kim is simply following his father's 2000 playbook by turning up the charm-o-meter and proposing a meeting while simultaneously refusing to make any concessions. The text warns that if Trump falls for Kim's trap and relaxes sanctions following the summitry without achieving any breakthroughs, the meeting with Kim may be yet another bleak moment in U.S. diplomacy vis-à-vis North Korea. The text warns that this would give Kim more time and money to perfect his own nuclear posture, at a time of his own choosing. With this in mind, the text stresses that Trump must make basic demands of Kim beyond words and not succumb to Pyongyang's transparent ploy. Doing so would make the summitry another tragedy and increase the likelihood of nuclear calamity.

text: The answer is almost entirely irrelevant.

text: The answer is empty.

refinement: North Korea has been trying to develop nuclear missiles for half a century and holding out a carrot of denuclearization talks for a quarter-century. North Korea is trying to buy time for itself while on the verge of finalizing its nuclear missile development. The author points out that nuclear missile tests are forbidden by more than 10 UN resolutions, and North Korea's offers of not doing something illegal shouldn't be seen as a positive diplomatic development.

answer: Some world leaders during the Cold War era kept nuclear missiles to be a source of empowerment. North Korea was following this trend by continuing to stockpile weapons despite being an impoverished country. Today, it has the fourth largest standing military hardware of the world. Trump has even viewed the small impoverished state as a nuclear threat. However, it should be noted that Kim has yet to complete the process of building his stockpile of nuclear weapons. They were still installing nuclear missiles

answer: The text says that North Korea's sudden proposal for a summit was predictable and was merely following the example used by Kim Jong Il in 2000. In that time, North Korea tested missiles over Japan and then used charm to enlist foreign investment before inviting then President Clinton to Pyongyang. Therefore, the text indicates that North Korea's goal is the end of U.S. extended nuclear deterrence to South Korea, the abrogation of the U.S.-South Korea defense treaty, and eventually the dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear plants and centrifuges.

answer: Nuclear and ballistic missile tests are prohibited by more than 10 United Nations Security Council resolutions. The author writes that the US must make some basic demands-action beyond words. The author thinks these nuclear missiles tests are the reason North Korea shouldn't be trusted and should be subject to sanctions.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what the U.S. should be demanding from the Kim regime.

answer: The U.S.' demands should be that Pyongyang release detained U.S. and South Korean citizens, allow separated family members across the DMZ to have telephone calls and exchange letters, and put an end to illicit activities such as counterfeiting U.S. currency and proliferation. Additionally, North Korea must comply with international norms, obey monitoring, and end its horrific prison camps. Finally, the U.S. must make clear that its position on sanctions will not be compromised for the sake of diplomatic progress.

answer: The U.S. should take small steps such as prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. The U.S. must enforce sanctions fully. The U.S. must also release all political prisoners. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people. The U.S. must also stop Pyongyang from using counterfeit currency. Kim must also call for halting all nuclear and missile tests.

text: The U.S. should demand North Korea to release political prisoners, not release its own.

refinement: The U.S. should take small steps such as prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. The U.S. must enforce sanctions fully. North Korea must also release all political prisoners. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people. The U.S. must also stop Pyongyang from using counterfeit currency. Kim must also call for halting all nuclear and missile tests.

text: North Korea should take small steps as demanded by the U.S., which the answer misrepresents.

refinement: North Korea should take small steps such as prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. The U.S. must enforce sanctions fully. North Korea must also release all political prisoners. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people. The U.S. must also stop Pyongyang from using counterfeit currency. Kim must also call for halting all nuclear and missile tests.

text: The answer repeats the notion that the U.S. should enforce sanctions fully.

refinement: North Korea should take small steps such as prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. North Korea must also release all political prisoners. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people. The U.S. must also stop Pyongyang from using counterfeit currency. Kim must also call for halting all nuclear and missile tests.

text: The answer is divided into too many sentences, making the flow staggered. It should combine sentences where the subject and the verbs are the same or similar.

refinement: North Korea should take small steps such as the prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone, releasing all political prisoners, stopping using counterfeit currency, and halting all nuclear and missile tests. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people.

text: The mentioned demands shouldn't be called "small steps".

refinement: North Korea should take steps such as the prompt reunion of separated Korean families across the Demilitarized Zone, releasing all political prisoners, stopping using counterfeit currency, and halting all nuclear and missile tests. The U.S. should also enforce U.S. sanctions laws resolutely, as tempting as it may be to compromise for the sake of diplomatic progress. The U.S. must demand humanitarian rights for the North Korean people.

answer: The U.S. should demand that the Kim regime release detainees and allow separated Korean families to exchange letters and telephone calls. The U.S. should enforce sanctions against the regime and not relax them prematurely for diplomacy's sake. The U.S. should not let Kim get away with less than addressing the regime's serious human rights violations.

text: The answer omits that the U.S. should demand North Korea to halt nuclear programs, stop counterfeiting U.S. currency, money laundering and proliferation, abide by international laws, and accept monitoring.

refinement: The U.S. should demand that the Kim regime release detainees and allow separated Korean families to exchange letters and telephone calls. The U.S. should demand North Korea to halt nuclear programs, stop counterfeiting U.S. currency, money laundering and proliferation, abide by international laws, and accept monitoring. The U.S. should enforce sanctions against the regime and not relax them prematurely for diplomacy's sake. The U.S. should not let Kim get away with less than addressing the regime's serious human rights violations.

answer: U.S. sanctions against the Kim regime are codified into law, and so Kim will have to take meaningful steps toward the complete dismantlement of its nuclear plants and centrifuges; stop illicit activities such as counterfeiting U.S. currency, money laundering, and proliferation; and release all political prisoners and stop censoring the North Korean people.

answer: The U.S. should start with demanding the release of U.S. and South Korean citizens. They should start granting separated Korean families phone calls and the sending of letters. These basic demands should be the starting point before any negotiations to lift sanctions.


split: train

text:
Coffee is increasingly earning scientists’ approval. Studies continue to suggest that the beverage may have some beneficial effects on health.

In the latest analysis, published in the _BMJ_, researchers scanned nearly 220 studies on coffee and found that overall, coffee drinkers may enjoy more health benefits than people who don’t drink the brew.

The scientists, led by Robin Poole from the University of Southampton in the UK, learned that people who drank coffee were 17% less likely to die early during the study period from any cause, 19% less likely to die of heart disease and 18% less likely to develop cancer, compared to people who did not drink coffee.

Other recent studies have linked coffee drinking to lower rates of heart disease, early death and diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and even neurological conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Poole’s group found that the strongest benefit occurred among people who drank around three cups of coffee a day.

“I think now we can be reasonably reassured that overall, coffee drinking is a safe habit,” says Dr. Eliseo Guallar, professor of epidemiology and medicine at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study.

MORE: Here’s Another Reason to Feel Good About Drinking Coffee

Other studies have tried to tease apart which ingredients in coffee contribute to its health benefits. Those might include its antioxidants, which can combat cancer, and anti-inflammatory compounds, which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart conditions and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s, as well as the risk of liver diseases like cirrhosis and cancer.

While they say that the results support moderate coffee drinking as a relatively healthy habit, both Poole and Guallar say the findings don’t go far enough to prompt anyone to change their coffee-drinking habits in the hopes of improving their health. The study did not confirm, for example, that people who do not currently drink coffee should start adding a cup or two a day in order to lower their risk of getting heart disease or any of the other chronic conditions studied. The data also do not support the idea that current coffee drinkers should drink even more coffee to enhance whatever benefits they might be receiving. Too much coffee, the data suggest, starts to bend the benefit curve back down.

The only negative health effects the review found were among women, who were at slightly higher risk of developing fractures if they drank more coffee, and pregnant women. Pregnant women who drank more coffee tended to have higher rates of miscarriage, more premature births and more babies born with low birthweight than women who drank less coffee, the study found.

MORE: Can Coffee Make Your Workout Easier?

Poole notes that the analysis included a number of different studies, each with different designs, and not all of them may have adjusted for potential confounding effects that could skew the connection between coffee and health outcomes. Coffee drinkers, for example, also tend to smoke more than non-drinkers, and smoking has an effect on early death, heart disease and certain cancers.

The findings should be reassuring for coffee drinkers, as long as they drink in moderation, Poole says. Further studies will hopefully look deeper into the type and amount of coffee that confers the most health benefit.

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the ways in which coffee drinking can be beneficial.

answer: Coffee research suggests it may reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease.

text: In addition to reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease, coffee has also been linked to lower rates of early death and diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and even neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Include the other conditions in the response as well.

refinement: Coffee research suggests it may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, early death, diseases like liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes, and neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.

answer: The study found that coffee drinkers are less likely to die early or develop cancer, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Antioxidants and other compounds in coffee may contribute to these benefits. However, more studies need to be done in order to confirm if coffee drinking directly causes specific improvements in health.

text: In addition to reducing the risk of cancer, early death and heart disease, coffee has also been linked to lower rates of diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and even neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Include the other conditions in the response as well.

refinement: The study found that coffee drinkers are less likely to die early or develop cancer, heart disease, diseases like liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes and neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants and other compounds in coffee may contribute to these benefits. However, more studies need to be done in order to confirm if coffee drinking directly causes specific improvements in health.

answer: Coffee drinkers tend to have a slightly lower chance of dying prematurely, according to one study in the UK. The separate risks of heart disease and cancer are also lower for people who drink a moderate amount of coffee than for those who do not partake at all. Some other studies also claim that drinking coffee is linked to lower diabetes and liver cirrhosis rates as well. The ideal amount seems to be about three cups per day.

text: In addition to reducing the named conditions, coffee has also been linked to lower rates of neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Include these conditions in the response as well.

refinement: Coffee drinkers tend to have a slightly lower chance of dying prematurely, according to one study in the UK. The separate risks of heart disease and cancer are also lower for people who drink a moderate amount of coffee than for those who do not partake at all. Some other studies also claim that drinking coffee is linked to lower diabetes and liver cirrhosis rates as well as neurological diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The ideal amount seems to be about three cups per day.

answer: People who drink coffee may be less likely to die early from any cause, to die of heart disease and to develop cancer. The strongest benefit occurred for people who drank about three cups of coffee a day. The study does not provide enough evidence to suggest that coffee drinkers should drink more coffee in order to improve their health. There are also some negative health effects for pregnant women who drink more coffee.

text: In addition to reducing the risk of early death, cancer and heart disease, coffee has also been linked to lower rates of diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and even neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Include the other conditions in the response as well.

refinement: People who drink coffee may be less likely to die early from any cause, to die of heart disease and to develop cancer. Drinking coffee has also been linked to lower rates of diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and neurological conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The strongest benefit occurred for people who drank about three cups of coffee a day. The study does not provide enough evidence to suggest that coffee drinkers should drink more coffee in order to improve their health. There are also some negative health effects for pregnant women who drink more coffee.

answer: Coffee drinkers may enjoy more health benefits than people who don't drink the brew. During the course of the study, researchers found that coffee drinkers were 17% less likely to die early from any cause, 19% less likely to die of heart disease, and 18% less likely to develop cancer than people who did not drink coffee. Another study linked coffee drinking to lower rates of heart disease, early deaths, cancers, and diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Overall, the study found that coffee drinking is not a risky habit as previously thought and that women who drink coffee may be at a small disadvantage.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the types of ingredients in coffee that are thought to have beneficial properties.

answer: Antioxidants, anti-inflammation compounds, and the amount and type of coffee seem to keep coming up from studies regarding the health benefits of coffee. It is suspected that the components of coffee confer a positive effect for maintaining cardiovascular health as well as neurological health. More research needs to be conducted on the effects of these different compounds on the human body, but for now, coffee continues to be steaming healthful brew.

answer: The ingredients in coffee that are thought to have beneficial properties include antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and compounds that prevent chronic diseases, such as heart conditions and cancer.

text: Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds are thought to be the compounds that prevent chronic diseases. Remove this from the response.

refinement: The ingredients in coffee that are thought to have beneficial properties include antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.

answer: Coffee has naturally-occurring antioxidants, which can help fight against cancer, and anti-inflammatory compounds, which reduce the risk of heart disease. They have been known to help with lowering the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's as well. There have been some links between anti-inflammatory compounds and cirrhosis of the liver. However, coffee drinkers have a greater tendency toward smoking, so the takeaway is that co-factors can detract from the positive input of any singular substance.

text: Remove the last sentence because it does not describe beneficial properties of ingredients.

refinement: Coffee has naturally-occurring antioxidants, which can help fight against cancer, and anti-inflammatory compounds, which reduce the risk of heart disease. They have been known to help with lowering the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's as well. There have been some links between anti-inflammatory compounds and cirrhosis of the liver.

answer: It is unclear what the article means by “beneficial properties,” however one study found that coffee contains antioxidants such as (ECGC), which could combat a cancer. They also contain anti-inflammatory compounds, which reduces chronic disease risks as well as liver cirrhosis and cancer risks.

answer: Coffee contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does this entire text ultimately say about drinking coffee?

answer: This text suggests that coffee may have some health benefits, but more research is needed to understand with certainty whether coffee increases or decreases health risks. Overall, coffee is seen as a relatively healthy habit, as long as it is consumed in moderation.

text: It is shown in the article through various that drinking coffee decreases health risks, except for pregnant women in which it is thought to increase risks of miscarriage, low birth weight and more premature deaths. Clarify the first sentence to include this qualification.

refinement: This text suggests that coffee may have some health benefits, more research is needed to understand with certainty whether coffee increases or decreases health risks, especially in pregnant women. Overall, coffee is seen as a relatively healthy habit, as long as it is consumed in moderation.

answer: That when it comes to coffee, it's ok and not even harmful if you drink a little bit.

text: The article states that coffee drinking in moderation is a relatively healthy habit, although it should be researched further to be properly understood. Change the wording in the answer to reflect this.

refinement: That when it comes to coffee, there are health benefits when drunk in moderation. Further research is suggested to better understand the type and amount of coffee that confers the most health benefit.

answer: According to the passage, drinking coffee may be beneficial to one's health. Coffee may lower the risk of certain diseases such as cancer and heart disease, while studies suggest that the lowest risk appears to happen among people who drink around three cups per day. However, pregnant women should be careful with their caffeinated coffee intake, as they may be at higher risk of certain health issues. While the research is promising, drinking coffee should not be done in the hopes of improving health, as further evidence is needed.

answer: The text finishes by quoting the research in a way that makes it look like doctors discourage drinking coffee. Quite the contrary, the author of said article says that doctors should not be recommending drinking more coffee, but instead, he says for now experts can be reasonably reassured that the general population should be drinking their coffee in moderation.

text: Remove the first sentence because it speaks against the next sentence.

refinement: The author of said article says that doctors should not be recommending drinking more coffee, but instead, he says for now experts can be reasonably reassured that the general population should be drinking their coffee in moderation.

answer: In sum, it says that while there is evidence that moderate coffee drinking can help bolster the body's more natural defenses against a few major diseases, it is not a preventative measure. The article also acknowledges that sometimes avid coffee drinkers are likelier to have other habits such as smoking cigarettes, which, while it doesn't cancel out the benefits of coffee, works to the detriment of the smoker. Too much coffee, however, is not a good thing, as the optimistic statistics start to go the opposite way. Pregnant women who are avid coffee drinkers may be statistically likelier to have a miscarriage. It is also important to note that this is the product of myriad studies conducted in different areas, so the findings are not uniform and cannot predict the health of any coffee drinker or non-drinker.


text:
MICHAEL PEZZULLO, is an Australian public servant. In October 2014, he was appointed the Secretary of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. On 20 December 2017, a reshaping of departments led to him taking up the post of Secretary of the Department of Home Affairs.[1] Prior, Pezzullo had been the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.[2]

Education

Pezzullo has a Bachelor of Arts (with Honours) in History from the University of Sydney.[3]

Career

Pezzullo joined the Department of Defence as a graduate in 1987.[4] After five years in the Defence department, Pezzullo discovered “the experience, age and, to some extent, ideological and almost philosophical gap between [him] and the next level up meant [he] would not advance until [he] became crusty, old and cynical,”[5] so in 1992 he transferred to the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, where he worked in the International Division.

In 1993 Pezzullo joined the staff of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator Gareth Evans, and remained in Parliament House until December 2001, including as deputy chief of staff to then opposition leader Kim Beazley.[6] In February 2002, he rejoined the Department of Defence and, in 2006, was promoted to the position of Deputy Secretary Strategy in that department.[7] Between February 2008 and May 2009 he led the Defence White Paper team and was principal author of the 2009 Defence White Paper.[8][9]

In July 2009 Pezzullo joined the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service as chief operating officer, a role which he continued in until September 2012. He was promoted to acting chief executive over the period September 2012 to February 2013 and on 15 February 2013 was employed as the substantive CEO.[10] When appointing Pezzullo, then Home Affairs Minister Jason Clare told media that Customs required major structural change, and Pezzullo had been appointed to drive reforms.[11] In the role, Pezzullo emphasised the importance of border security not only as a security issue, but also as an economic concern.[12]

On 2 October 2014 Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced that he had made Pezzullo the new Secretary of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection, effective 13 October 2014, replacing Martin Bowles.[13] As immigration secretary, Pezzullo led changes in his department recasting what had been seen as traditional immigration and border security institutions and doctrines.[14]

Management of conflict of interest

_The Sydney Morning Herald_ reported that early in 2014 Pezzullo's brother, Fabio, escaped a criminal conviction after he confessed to lying to an inquiry investigating corruption at Sydney airport.[15]

Fabio Pezzullo, a former Customs officer, was fined and placed on a two-year good behaviour bond for perjuring himself before a corruption watchdog. The 42-year-old was charged after an investigation over allegations he sold prescription drugs to fellow Sydney Airport Customs officers and lied to the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity. The commission was investigating several of his colleagues for drug importation and bribery. Despite being told verbally and in writing not to tell anyone of the summons, Fabio Pezzullo told his flatmate, a former Customs officer. Fabio Pezzullo's sentencing took place in June 2014.[16]

While the case was underway Michael Pezzullo was fulfilling senior executive roles in Customs and Border Protection, but had disclosed the conflict to his minister from the outset.[17] In a note to staff regarding the case he was reported to have said: “from the outset, I asked and expected to be treated as a detached family member with no official rights, interests or powers in the matter.” The communique also details the processes that were implemented to manage any real or perceived conflict of interest relating to the case.[18]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

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[11]

[12]

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[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

title: Mike Pezzullo

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Why did Mike Puzello disclose the conflict to his minister and release a note to the staff?

answer: He respected the ministerial accountability particularly in regards to his brother's case. Since his brother confessed to lying to an inquiry, Pezzullo knew there would always be a conflict of interest.

answer: Mike Puzello disclosed the conflict to his minister due to concern over any potential perceived or real conflict of interest arising from his brother's legal case. As well, a note was released to staff detailing processes to manage such conflicts. These measures were taken to ensure that no issues would potentially arise related to the case.

answer: He wanted to be treated as a detached family member and to comply with the processes to manage any real or perceived conflict of interest.

answer: Mike Puzello might have chosen to be transparent about the situation and to publicly declare that he is impartial to the conflict. This move is probably motivated by the need to protect his political career. When he states that he wants to be treated as a detached family member with no official rights, interests, or powers, this is Mike indirectly stating that he has nothing to do with his brother's case and that he will not interfere with the proceedings since he has done nothing wrong.

answer: Mike Puzello disclosed the conflict to his minister in order to manage any potential real or perceived conflict of interest in relation to his brother's criminal conviction. He also released a note to the staff to explain the process that was put in place in order to manage the conflict of interest.


text:
[]

 Mental health is as important as physical health in the workplace and in social settings. Flexing your emotional muscles is crucial to remain resilient and healthy in everyday life. Taking good care of your mental health can boost your mood, self-confidence and can add a positive effect on your overall enjoyment of life.

Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood to adolescence. Unfortunately, mental health is an ignored aspect of our everyday life. And mental health problems are actually very common, even young children show early warning signs of mental health concerns.

 So here are the 4 effective tips to improve your mental health.

Adopt a healthy life style

Taking care of yourself physically can improve your mental health. Be sure to adopt a healthy life style that includes:

-   ·         Eat healthy, nutritious and balanced meal with plenty of fruits, vegetable and whole grains- a healthy diet will help to keep your immune system and you will be better able to cope up with routine stress
-   ·         Regular exercise has numerous benefits for our physical as well as mental health. It increases level of serotonin and endorphin (feel good hormones) and helps in decrease the depression, anxiety and stress. It also helps in improving mood.
-   ·         Get enough sleep, lots of mental illnesses often associated with sleep deprivation. Maintain an ideal temperature of room, practice a calming sleep routine such as read a good book, and take a bath, mediation for few minutes.
-   ·         Always keep a check on your mental stress level.

Value yourself

  Value yourself and having a sense of self-compassion is the second important thing that improves mental health. It is one of the most critical aspects of life. It is must to give same kindness and care to ourselves that we did give to a good friend. If you don’t love, cherish and value yourself than it is unlikely that you will dedicate time and energy to living to living a healthy, happy and productive life.

So, for improving the mental health, it is must to:

-   ·         Value yourself; treat yourself with kindness and respect
-   ·         Avoid self-criticism
-   ·         Plan realistic goals in your life
-   ·         Always try to take out some quality time to your self
-   ·         Focus or develop a hobby, do whatever you want to do

Gratitude should be attitude

 It is all right to have plans, desires and ambitions in life but having a self-contentment is equally important. Life is much better when we acknowledging the brighter side. Expressing and practicing gratitude always help in improve mental well-being. Most of us often forget to be grateful for various blessings that God has given us.

 Track gratitude and achievements with a journal is a good idea to get started. Include 3 things you were grateful for and 3 things you were able to accomplish each day will help you to develop a sense of gratitude for your blessings. And also improve your overall mental health too.

Learn stress relieving techniques

Stress is an integral part of our everyday life. and constant stress put a negative impact on our mental health. stress relieving techniques like yoga, meditation not only relieves mental stress, also helps in improving overall mental health as well.

-   ·         Again regular exercise, even a simple 30 minutes walking per day can help you to reduce stress and boost mood
-   ·         Explore stress relieving programs such as tai-chi, meditation, yoga, gentle breathing exercise.  Relaxation techniques often combine breathing and focused attention on pleasing thoughts and images to calm the mind and the body. A schedule regular time for these and other relaxing activities always helps in improving the mental health.
-   ·         Take a nature walk, nature has amazing healing power. Being close to nature is the easiest way to get de-stressed
-   ·         Talk to your family, friends and stay connected with the people who understand your sentiments and helps you in recovering from low days.
-   ·         Practice mindfulness, the true treasure of life lies in sweet, tiny moments. So try to stay in moments, forget unnecessary worries and anxieties and enjoy the true essence of life.

 Additional Tips

-   ·         Surround yourself with positive people
-   ·         Volunteer your time and energy to help someone else
-   ·         Break the monotonous routine by doing simple changes such as go to a different park or try another cuisine for dinner.
-   ·         Work on your strength to build self-confidence and courage
-   ·         Keep an optimistic approach towards life
-   ·         Take the help of creativity (colouring, drawing, and writing) to get de-stressed
-   ·         Take time to laugh, laughter is the best medicine. It reduces routine aches, pain and anxiety level.
-   ·         Use social media wisely, get disconnected time to time to avoid constant mental pressure
-   ·         Spend some time in sunshine to get enough vitamin D (It believes it is a mood elevator)
-   ·         Practice forgiveness
-   ·         Enjoy a relaxing bath or spa to relieve stress
-   ·         Avoid alcohol, smoking or other drugs

So these are some incredibly effective ways to improve your mental health. Which one you liked most? How do you take care of your mental health? Please share!

Also a part of #wrtitingwednesday hosted by writetribe.com

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the writer of the article hope to achieve?

answer: To inform people about improving their mental health

text: The response could be phrased as a complete sentence.

refinement: The writer is hoping to inform people about ways to improve their mental health.

answer: To inform people about improving their mental health

answer: The writer wants to inform that mental health is as important as physical health and that people should be mindful of their mental deterioration.

answer: The writer seems to be hoping to draw awareness to the topic of mental health, and their definition of the cause is primarily to do with diet and self-worth.

text: The response contains misleading information.

refinement: The writer seems to be hoping to draw awareness to the topic of mental health, and shares some tips for improving one's mental health, dealing with things such as diet and self-worth.

answer: The writer wants to inform that mental health is as important as physical health, and that people should be mindful of their mental deterioration.


text:
The Tree Cat

by Gabriel Beury-Moore

Commonly being mistaken as other trees when it is spoken of, the tree cat is exactly what its name describes. Some say the tree cat was once a house cat. He lived with a young man who worked hard during the day and would come home to his best friend waiting for him, and everyday the cat would greet him with excitement and joy. He waited for his owner to come home. He waited for days: pacing around outside, running inside at the slightest noise indoors, and running around the whole house just to make sure his owner was not hiding. Eventually, the cat just stopped. He sat patiently outside in the rain, in the snow, at night, and all day. Before his transformation, he did not know of the magic that lived inside him, for he thought he was just a cat. But as a tree grows its root into the ground, the cat’s fur grew into the soil, absorbing his nutrients through the water he drank. His skin became hard with rigor, to become the bark of a tree. His body grew
straight up to the sky; he reached for the sweet rays of the sun to drink in the warmth and energy it gave him.

Like the leaves of a tree, his fur changed with the seasons. It was bright and full of luster in the summer, colorful and vibrant in fall, cold and dark in the harsh snows of winter, and in the spring his fur would slowly fade its color until it became bright again in the summer as the air became warmer. Unlike the leaves of a tree, his fur never fell. Slowly, over many years, his fur became broader and wider to soak in the sun. Finally, the once small house cat became tall and filled with beautiful leaves, his face hidden perfectly by them. He listened to the messages the wind brought him, and the stories the tall grass told him, but he would only open his eyes once a day to wish the sun a good morning and bid the moon a good night. The rain, when it came, brought news of what was happening around the world. Sometimes the rain told sad tales of war and famine; sometimes the rain told tales of peace. However, when the rain asked what the tree cat would like to know, he asked the same question,
“Have you seen my owner?”

And every time he asked, the rain was deeply saddened. The rain told him, “I have not seen your owner, but I know he is safe.”

With that news, the tree cat shut his eyes and smiled. While it was sad that no one had seen his old friend, he took solace in knowing that his best friend was okay.

Why am I telling you this story? I am an old friend of the tree cat. I knew him when he was just a small kitten. I knew him as the cheerful boy who faithfully followed his owner wherever he went. I was there when he could not find him. He asked me, “Have you seen my owner?” And I responded, “I’m sorry, but I have not.”

I told him that if he waited, he could drink from me as much as he wanted, that he could bask in the suns that warm the Earth, that he could eat the food that grows by my banks, that he could play in the sand that builds with my ebb and flow.

For years, I took care and watched over the once young cat while he sat patiently. I watched him grow into the majestic tree that he is today. He continues to thrive and to smile at me when I say hello. And every day he asks all he sees if they have seen his owner, and every day we lie to him.

We keep him company and we keep him happy by telling stories of time and stories of the world. We do not tell him of the day his owner passed. We keep from him that his owner visited him every day, but he could not see him. We fail to mention that he built a home to stay with him forever. We forget that his son would sit in the shade of the tree cat. We remember that every day his owner would tell him that he loves him. We keep from him that his owner’s children buried him just behind the tree cat and he could know that he was always with him if he could just look down. Most importantly, we have not told him that his owner buried him in the exact spot he grows.

The owner was special; he spoke to all of us knowing that we were listening. He knew that he would outlive his small friend and he prepared for his passing every day.

Every day he told us stories to then tell his friend. On the day of the tree cat’s passing, he asked us one thing. He asked the grass, the suns, the moon, the wind, the rain, and myself just one thing. He asked us not to tell his friend that he has passed. He prepared us and coached us to tell the tree cat the stories he told us for years. Before he placed his small friend into the ground we asked him,
“But what do we tell him when we run out of stories?”

He told us that by the time we run out of stories, he would be back to relieve us of our responsibility. With that, he ever so carefully placed his small friend into the ground and placed the earth over him. He said a quick goodbye and went on with his life, making sure to see the tree cat everyday. He made sure to thank each of us for our help. He did this every day until the day he died. Soon, the house that he started a family in became covered in vines. With no one to care for it, the house became disheveled and fell apart.

As years turned to decades and decades to centuries, the stories we had began to dwindle to smaller and smaller numbers.

On the last day, I told my final story to the tree cat. As I ended the story, the tree cat opened his eyes; he smiled and told me what a wonderful story it was. As he told me this, he got a peculiar look on his face. A new wind had arrived, one he had not felt before. It greeted him with a voice as old as he could remember. The tree cat asked,
“Where have you been all these years? Why did you leave me?”

“I never left you, old friend. I have been with you your whole life and past-life. I was in the stories your friends would tell you and in the air you breathe, the sun that wakes you, and the water you drink.”

With that said, the tree cat and his owner looked at each other with the same look they gave each other when they lived, each carrying a slight smile. What I saw then I had never seen since before I flowed into this land. As the two friends stared at each other, not saying a word, a single leaf fell from the tree cat’s face. As the leaf fell, his smile disappeared slowly with each leaf making it smaller and smaller until his face had disappeared.

As the leaves fell, the wind began to take form. The shape of a young man appeared next to a small kitten playing in a pile of leaves. As the last leaf fell, the tree cat jumped into the welcome arms of his owner and when the leaf finally fluttered to the ground, the cat and his owner faded away to spend the rest of time together.

title: Just discovered this subreddit, SO! Here is, The Tree Cat

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize what happened to the cat.

answer: The tree cat was once a house cat who grew roots into the soil and became a tree, sitting outside to wait for his owner all day. Eventually, the cat turned into a tree, but continued to ask if anyone had seen his owner. One day, the cat's owner, who was long dead, appeared before the tree cat in a wind made from leaves and they embraced each other, disappearing.

answer: The cat lived as a normal, happy, domesticated pet. When it died, it's owner buried it. The owner then asked the entities of grass, suns, moon, wind, rain, and the narrator (possibly the entity of natural bodies of water) to tell stories to the spirit of the cat. Eventually, the owner, after promising to return when all the stories have been used, passed away. All this time, the cat's buried corpse turned into a tree turning into the eponymous tree cat. The tree cat had the spirit of the cat and would ask the entities about its owner, they would tell it stories that the owner gave them. Centuries would pass and as the stories they told run out, the spirit of the owner returned and reunited with the cat.

answer: The tree cat was once a house cat. He was eventually transformed into a tree and ever since then he has been asking if anyone has seen his old owner. His old owner visited him every day but was unable to be seen. Eventually, the old owner passed and the tree cat passed away shortly after. The cat was reunited with his owner after the owner's spirit came back to be with him one last time and the two were finally reunited.

text: It is important to include when the house cat passed away, and then the owner buried the cat, and it turned into a tree cat. The last few sentences of this response are confusing as well and need to be re-written.

refinement: The tree cat was once a house cat. He was eventually transformed into a tree (when he passed away) and ever since then he has been asking if anyone has seen his old owner. Eventually, the owner, after promising to return when all the stories have been used, passed away. All this time, the cat's buried corpse turned into a tree turning into the eponymous tree cat. The tree cat had the spirit of the cat and would ask the entities about its owner, they would tell it stories that the owner gave them. Centuries would pass and as the stories they told run out, the spirit of the owner returned and reunited with the cat.

answer: The cat that was once human was transformed as a tree cat.

text: The cat was not once human. This response needs to be heavily re-written.

refinement: The tree cat once used to be a house cat, who passed away waiting for its owner. Its owner buried it and the cat turned into the tree cat. Eventually, the owner, after promising to return when all the stories have been used, passed away. All this time, the cat's buried corpse turned into a tree turning into the eponymous tree cat. The tree cat had the spirit of the cat and would ask the entities about its owner, they would tell it stories that the owner gave them. Centuries would pass and as the stories they told run out, the spirit of the owner returned and reunited with the cat.

answer: The cat was transformed into a tree, grew root into the soil, absorbing nutrients through the water he drank. His skin became hard with rigor to transform into the tree bark.

text: This response includes one component of the story about the cat, but the details about how and when the cat died should be included to provider a better response to the question.

refinement: The tree cat was once rumored to be a house cat who was very attached to his owner. Upon the death of the cat, his owner buried him into the ground. The cat was transformed into a tree, grew root into the soil, absorbing nutrients through the water he drank. His skin became hard with rigor to transform into the tree bark. Eventually, the owner, after promising to return when all the stories have been used, passed away. The tree cat had the spirit of the cat and would ask the entities about its owner, they would tell it stories that the owner gave them. Centuries would pass and as the stories they told run out, the spirit of the owner returned and reunited with the cat.


text:
This was my first short story I had to write for my Creative Writing class back when I was a Junior in high school. I hope you like it!

    "Ooohhhh," Helen groaned. She hurt everywhere. Being in a hospital for six weeks is really something that she wasn't looking forward to. She was about to call for a nurse to change the channel on her tiny tv (golf was not her thing!) when all of a sudden there was a knock on the door. "Come in," she called weakly.

   "Hello, I'm Dr. Bandade, how are you feeling?" He smiled a toothy smile.

   She gave the burly man a sarcastic look. "How do you *think* I'm feeling? I fell out of a five-story window!"

    The doctor pulled up a chair next to her. "Yes about that, how exactly did it happen? On this statement is says that you were pushed?"

    Helen cringed at the very thought of it, not only because it was painful, but she wasn't sure if he would believe her. "Well, it started out as a normal day. I woke up, ate breakfast, completed the daily crossword puzzle in the paper.

    "It was then I noticed that my window was open. A cool breeze swept through, so I decided to close it. I got up and went over to the window.

    "Right as I reached out to grab the handle, Rufus, my cat, rubbed against my leg, causing me to lose my balance. Before I knew it, I was falling out the window!

    "I screamed. I heard people screaming below me. I felt breathless. Panic swept over me.

    "It was only too soon when I came into contact with the ground. I heard bones shattering and I cried out in pain. In the distance, sirens wailed. The ambulance charged down the street.

    "After they put me on the stretcher, they hauled me away to the hospital, where they told me I was lucky to even be alive. They said I broke every bone in my body. I'll be here about six weeks, if not more." Her face fell when she told the doctor this. "And that's all that happened."

    Dr. Bandade looked over at her. "So you fell out accidentally then."

    "No! I was *pushed* out!" she yelled.

    "But you even said that you lost your balance, and no one was with you."

    "Yes there was... Rufus! *He* pushed me out!"

    The doctor rationalized, "But he's a *cat.* He probably didn't realize that rubbing against you to show affection would-"

    But Helen cut him off. "He *deliberately* rubbed too hard and made me lost my balance."

    "What would be the purpose for Rufus to push you?" The doctor raised an eyebrow.

    "He's just evil," she simply said.

    "Oh." He wrote some things down on his clipboard.

    Helen stared at him suspiciously. "What kind of doctor are you anyway, asking me all these questions?"

    "I'm a psychiatrist." He wrote some more things down.

    "What? You think I'm crazy don't you?! I'm telling you, my cat is trying to *kill me!"*

    Before Dr. Bandade could say anything, there was a knock at the door.

    "Excuse me, doctor," the nurse said, "but there's someone here to see her."

    Helen perked up a bit. A visitor to see her!

    The visitor walked into the room.

    "Rufus!" Helen shrieked.

    Standing there was the tabby cat. He was staring at her with glossy green eyes, slanted into slits. His tail twitched as if to say, "I'm *back."*

title: Paranoid?... Or Just Plain Evil?

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who does Helen blame for her fall?

answer: She blames Rufus, her cat. She claims that her cat is evil. Her doctor is a psychiatrist and thinks she may be paranoid. Then a visitor comes to the hospital. It's Rufus — her cat.

answer: Helen blames Rufus, her cat, for her fall.

answer: Her cat Rufus.

answer: Helen blames her cat for her fall.

answer: Helen blames her cat, Rufus, for her fall.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What injury did Helen suffer?

answer: She broke every bone in her body falling out of a five-story window.

answer: Helen suffered a fall out of a five-story window, causing her to break all of her bones.

answer: Helen suffered a fall from a five-story window.

text: It is omitted that she broke every bone in her body.

refinement: Helen suffered a fall from a five-story window. She broke every bone in her body.

answer: Helen broke every bone in her body and broke her skull.

text: Her skull is not mentioned.

answer: She fell out a five story window. This caused her to break all of her bones. According to the medical report she must be in the hospital for six weeks.


text:
In data mining, _K_-MEANS++[1][2] is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the _k_-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard _k_-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard _k_-means algorithm. It is similar to the first of three seeding methods proposed, in independent work, in 2006[3] by Rafail Ostrovsky, Yuval Rabani, Leonard Schulman and Chaitanya Swamy. (The distribution of the first seed is different.)

Background

The _k_-means problem is to find cluster centers that minimize the intra-class variance, i.e. the sum of squared distances from each data point being clustered to its cluster center (the center that is closest to it). Although finding an exact solution to the _k_-means problem for arbitrary input is NP-hard,[4] the standard approach to finding an approximate solution (often called Lloyd's algorithm or the _k_-means algorithm) is used widely and frequently finds reasonable solutions quickly.

However, the _k_-means algorithm has at least two major theoretic shortcomings:

-   First, it has been shown that the worst case running time of the algorithm is super-polynomial in the input size.[5]
-   Second, the approximation found can be arbitrarily bad with respect to the objective function compared to the optimal clustering.

The _k_-means++ algorithm addresses the second of these obstacles by specifying a procedure to initialize the cluster centers before proceeding with the standard _k_-means optimization iterations. With the _k_-means++ initialization, the algorithm is guaranteed to find a solution that is O(log _k_) competitive to the optimal _k_-means solution.

Example of a sub-optimal clustering

To illustrate the potential of the _k_-means algorithm to perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the objective function of minimizing the sum of squared distances of cluster points to the centroid of their assigned clusters, consider the example of four points in R² that form an axis-aligned rectangle whose width is greater than its height.

If _k_ = 2 and the two initial cluster centers lie at the midpoints of the top and bottom line segments of the rectangle formed by the four data points, the _k_-means algorithm converges immediately, without moving these cluster centers. Consequently, the two bottom data points are clustered together and the two data points forming the top of the rectangle are clustered together—a suboptimal clustering because the width of the rectangle is greater than its height.

Now, consider stretching the rectangle horizontally to an arbitrary width. The standard _k_-means algorithm will continue to cluster the points suboptimally, and by increasing the horizontal distance between the two data points in each cluster, we can make the algorithm perform arbitrarily poorly with respect to the _k_-means objective function.

Improved initialization algorithm

The intuition behind this approach is that spreading out the _k_ initial cluster centers is a good thing: the first cluster center is chosen uniformly at random from the data points that are being clustered, after which each subsequent cluster center is chosen from the _remaining_ data points with probability proportional to its squared distance from the point's closest existing cluster center.

The exact algorithm is as follows:

1.  Choose one center uniformly at random among the data points.
2.  For each data point not chosen yet, compute D(), the distance between and the nearest center that has already been chosen.
3.  Choose one new data point at random as a new center, using a weighted probability distribution where a point is chosen with probability proportional to D()².
4.  Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until centers have been chosen.
5.  Now that the initial centers have been chosen, proceed using standard _k_-means clustering.

This seeding method yields considerable improvement in the final error of -means. Although the initial selection in the algorithm takes extra time, the -means part itself converges very quickly after this seeding and thus the algorithm actually lowers the computation time. The authors tested their method with real and synthetic datasets and obtained typically 2-fold improvements in speed, and for certain datasets, close to 1000-fold improvements in error. In these simulations the new method almost always performed at least as well as vanilla -means in both speed and error.

Additionally, the authors calculate an approximation ratio for their algorithm. The -means++ algorithm guarantees an approximation ratio O(log _k_) in expectation (over the randomness of the algorithm), where k is the number of clusters used. This is in contrast to vanilla -means, which can generate clusterings arbitrarily worse than the optimum.[6] A generalization of the performance of k-means++ with respect to any arbitrary distance is provided in .[7]

Applications

The _k_-means++ approach has been applied since its initial proposal. In a review by Shindler,[8] which includes many types of clustering algorithms, the method is said to successfully overcome some of the problems associated with other ways of defining initial cluster-centres for _k_-means clustering. Lee et al.[9] report an application of _k_-means++ to create geographical cluster of photographs based on the latitude and longitude information attached to the photos. An application to financial diversification is reported by Howard and Johansen.[10] Other support for the method and ongoing discussion is also available online.[11] Since the k-means++ initialization needs k passes over the data, it does not scale very well to large data sets. Bahman Bahmani et al. have proposed a scalable variant of k-means++ called k-means|| which provides the same theoretical guarantees and yet is highly scalable.[12]

Software

-   Apache Commons Math contains k-means
-   ELKI data-mining framework contains multiple k-means variations, including k-means++ for seeding.
-   MATLAB has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ as default for seeding.
-   OpenCV includes k-means for pixel values.
-   pyclustering provides K-Means++ implementation to initialize initial centers for K-Means, X-Means, EMA, etc.
-   R includes k-means, and the “flexclust” package can do k-means++
-   Scikit-learn has a K-Means implementation that uses k-means++ by default.
-   Weka contains k-means (with optional k-means++) and x-means clustering.

[1]

[2] http://theory.stanford.edu/~sergei/slides/BATS-Means.pdf Slides for presentation of method by Arthur, D. and Vassilvitskii, S.

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] .

[7] .

[8] https://web.archive.org/web/20110927100642/http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~shindler/shindler-kMedian-survey.pdf Approximation Algorithms for the Metric _k_-Median Problem

[9] http://sir-lab.usc.edu/publications/2008-ICWSM2LEES.pdf Discovering Relationships among Tags and Geotags, 2007

[10] http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~johansek/clustering.pdf Clustering Techniques for Financial Diversification, March 2009

[11] http://lingpipe-blog.com/2009/03/23/arthur-vassilvitskii-2007-kmeans-the-advantages-of-careful-seeding/ Lingpipe Blog

[12] B. Bahmani, B. Moseley, A. Vattani, R. Kumar, S. Vassilvitskii “Scalable K-means++” 2012 Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment.

title: K-means++

question: What does K-means++ in dating mining?

answer: It is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm.

answer: K-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm.

answer: K-means++ is a method for initializing the cluster centers in the K-means clustering algorithm, which can improve the accuracy of the clustering.

answer: An algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm.

question: Who proposed it?

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii proposed the algorithm.

text: It was proposed by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii in 2007.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitski.

text: It was proposed by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii in 2007.

answer: David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii

answer: The _k_-means++ algorithm was proposed by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii.

question: What year did they propose this?

answer: 2007

answer: 2007

answer: 2007.

answer: 2007

question: What's another term for Lloyd's algorithm?

answer: The k-means algorithm

answer: The K-means algorithm.

answer: The k-means algorithm.

answer: The "k-means algorithm" is also known as "Lloyd's algorithm."

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: In data mining, K-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm.

answer: The K-means++ algorithm is an improved initialization method for the k-means clustering algorithm, which can help to avoid sub-optimal clustering results. It is often used in data mining applications.

answer: The K-means++ algorithm is an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard K-means problem. It is similar to the first of three seeding methods proposed, in independent work, in 2006 by Rafail Ostrovsky, Yuval Rabani, Leonard Schulman and Chaitanya Swamy. The distribution of the first seed is different.

answer: K-means++ is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or “seeds”) for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem.


text:
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SEFE | 4 June 2015
HERAKLES ABANDONS ALL OPERATIONS IN MUNDEMBA AND TOKO CONCESSION AREAS, CAMEROON

by Nasako Besengi, SEFE

Mundemba: - Herakles Farms, a New York based investment Firm and the parent company of SG Sustainable Oils Cameroon (SGSOC) which has been under the spotlight of increasing local and international opposition for its intention to establish oil palm plantations in protected areas (including the iconic Korup National Park in south west Cameroon) has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions respectively and in Ndian Division on May 29, 2015.

The decision was announced to the few remaining workers of Fabe and Lipenja I, Batanga, nurseries on May 29, 2015. After their shifts, affected workers notified SEFE of developments. Workers confirmed that the announcement was made by a man who presented himself as the new CEO of the company. The workers said the reason given for suspending operations was to enable Herakles to intensify planting of palms in the Nguti area before returning to Mundemba and Toko concessions in 2017/2018. The company spokesman blamed current management for prioritising timber extraction over planting of palms. Considering their capabilities for carrying out planting this statement was seen as a tactical excuse for a dishonourable exit from the area.

In April, 2013 during a meeting with investors, Herakles announced their intention to sell their 73,000 ha concession in 2018. But a Presidential decree signed in November 2013, granted the company 19,843 ha of land lease for a 3 year probation period. The decree also demanded the company fulfil certain conditions which were not met, notably in the development of social facilities, conducting an environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in the new concession, and payment of land rents to the tune of 200,000,000 FCFA. Treasury and local council officials have confirmed to SEFE that Herakles is yet to pay land rents demanded in the Presidential decrees of November 2013, yet are still operating in the area, in clear violation of the presidential order.

Some workers who solicited advice from SEFE say workers were awarded certificates of appreciation and asked to go to the Divisional Office of Labour, Mundemba to receive money. Workers were left unclear if these represented wages for the month of May or compensation for the entire period they have worked in the company. The letters handed to each of the worker simply stated that they should go to the labour office for payment without indicating the amount of money they would receive.

This is not the first time that Herakles has laid off their workers without compensation. An official of the National Social Insurance Fund contacted in Mundemba confirmed Herakles has not registered a single worker in their office. Some of the workers who spoke to SEFE say they are disheartened because they were recently recalled to work and were laid off again a few days later. They vowed to go to the labour office to establish what monies they are due, as indicated in the letters handed to them, saying “we have lot of mistrust for Herakles”.

Last week the company laid off its managers and personnel at its Limbe office. SEFE sources say the company has shut down its Limbe office for good. Reports from the two villages of the Ngolo clan (Ikoti and Mobenge) indicate villagers are very happy with the news. Some weeks ago, communities in villages where Herakles wanted to proceed with extraction of timber forbade them to continue a land demarcation exercise. Tensions and tempers ran very high in Mundemba/ Toko concessions due to Herakles’ unilateral decision to take land from some villages the under names of other villages.

The Mundemba and Toko concession is located astride the Iconic Korup National Park and Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve. The latter being a complex watershed formation with all the freshwater from it draining into the Korup Park. Establishing a huge palm oil plantation in this area would have brought disastrous pollution resulting from pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides and sewage disposal; all affecting the health of animals in the Korup Park that depend on the water.

It is SEFE’s assessment that the Herakles project was simply a poorly conceived project, badly managed, in the wrong place.

====

_NB. For background information, the report "They want to take our bush" summarises the findings from an independent assessment by Forest Peoples Programme (FPP) of the processes employed by Herakles/SGSOC to obtain the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of communities to be affected by their palm oil development project in Mundemba and Nguti Subdivisions in South West Cameroon_.

Original source: SEFE

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question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about why  Herakles has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions?

answer: Herakles Farms has been under the spotlight of increasing local and international opposition for its intention to establish oil palm plantations in protected areas. They decide to abandon all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions. TIt is said that the reason given for suspending operations is to enable Herakles to intensify the planting of palms in the Nguti area before returning to Mundemba and Toko concessions. This statement was seen as a tactical excuse for a dishonourable exit from the area.

answer: The story began when Herakles announced their intention to sell their 73,000-ha concession in 2018. However, a Presidential decree signed in November 2013 granted the company 19,843 ha of land lease for 3 years with required developments, namely the development of social facilities, conducting an environmental and Social Impact Assessment, and payment of land rents. The Treasury and council officials have confirmed to SEFE that the company is yet to pay land rent that was demanded in the Presidential decrees as of 2015 but is still operating, clear violation of the President's orders. The company also recently laid off its managers and personnel, which sends a signal to SEFE that the company has shut down its Limbe office for good in accordance with reports from Ikoti and Mobenge villages that the villages are happy about the news. Lastly, Herakles had decided to take land from some villages to form its palm oil plantation, causing friction among the villages. SEFE believes that this latest offense was the final blow against Herakles because after two years of on-and-off agreements with its workers, they have now abandoned the project altogether.

answer: The article says that Herakles has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions to enable them to intensify planting of palms in the Nguti area and resume operations in 2017/2018. The company spokesman blamed current management for prioritising timber extraction over planting of palms, but it is unclear whether this is the real reason or not. Regardless, the main reason given is to enable planting of palms in the Nguti area.

text: Doesn't mention failing to meet the requirements of the presidential decree from 2013.

refinement: The article says that Herakles has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions to enable them to intensify planting of palms in the Nguti area and resume operations in 2017/2018. The company spokesman blamed current management for prioritising timber extraction over planting of palms, but it is unclear whether this is the real reason or not. The company has also failed to fulfill requirements stipulated by Presidential decree, namely, payment of land rents to the tune of 200,000,000 FCFA. Regardless, the main reason given is to enable planting of palms in the Nguti area.

answer: The article states that Herakles has abandoned all operations in Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions because they decided to focus on planting palm trees in the Nguti area. The apparently given reason was that the company under the previous management prioritised timber extraction over plantlng of palm trees.

text: Doesn't mention failing to meet requirements of the presidential decree.

refinement: The article states that Herakles has abandoned all operations in Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions because they decided to focus on planting palm trees in the Nguti area. The apparently given reason was that the company under the previous management prioritised timber extraction over planting of palm trees. They also failed to pay the 200,000,000 FCFA stipulated by presidential decree for land rents.

answer: Herakles blamed the current management for prioritizing timber extraction over  planting of palms. Regarding their capability for carrying out planting this statement was seen as a tactical excuse for a dishonourable exit from the area.

text: Doesn't mention the failure to pay land rents as stipulated by presidential decree.

refinement: Herakles blamed the current management for prioritizing timber extraction over  planting of palms. Regarding their capability for carrying out planting this statement was seen as a tactical excuse for a dishonourable exit from the area. They also failed to pay the 200,000,000 FCFA stipulated by presidential decree.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about how Herakles treats its workers?

answer: Herakles Farms has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions respectively and in Ndian Division. The company spokesman blamed current management for prioritizing timber extraction over planting palms. Herakles laid off their workers without compensation, and that was not the first time.

answer: It says their workers had to be laid off because there was no oil to produce palm oil. The workers say they were lay off a few days later and when they went to the offices of Herakles, they were awarded certificates of appreciation and asked to go to the Divisional Office of Labour, Mundemba where they would receive payment. When they went there, they were given a letter that only asked them to go to the labour office for their payment without indicating the amount of money they would receive.

text: Doesn't specify that they were laid off without compensation, and not for the first time.

refinement: It says their workers had to be laid off without compensation, and not for the first time, because there was no oil to produce palm oil. The workers say they were lay off a few days later and when they went to the offices of Herakles, they were awarded certificates of appreciation and asked to go to the Divisional Office of Labour, Mundemba where they would receive undisclosed payment. When they went there, they were given a letter that only asked them to go to the labour office for their payment without indicating the amount of money they would receive.

answer: The article says that Herakles has abandoned all operations in the Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions and in Ndian Division, and that the reason given for suspending operations, according to the company spokesman, was to enable Herakles to intensify planting of palms in the Nguti area before returning to Mundemba and Toko concessions in 2017/2018. Despite this, the workers have not been compensated. The employees report that they have had to deal with frequent lay-offs without being compensated for their work. Given the conditions of the workers, it can be inferred that Herakles treats its workers poorly.

answer: The Herakles workers have complained about not having compensation for the jobs they have lost. Workers who were fired a few days after being recalled saying that they declined the invitation because they had not been paid any salary yet. Workers at the company's Limbe office were terminated last week and have shut down the office for good.

answer: The article says that Herakles has abandoned all operations in Mundemba and Toko Subdivisions and laid off its employees without paying them in full. Whether the workers were terminated for reasons of poor performance or for strategic reasons is unclear. Workers are unhappy about the situation and are going to the labour office for information about what monies they are due.


text:
SAINT MONICA'S PLAYERS (SMP) is an amateur dramatic society based in Enfield.

It was formed in 1958 out of the Saint Monica's church of Palmers Green. The group has performed over 200 different plays and musicals at local theatres and drama festivals and competitions.[1] They produce three shows per year; a summer show at the Millfield Theatre in June, a pantomime at the Intimate Theatre in January and a night of one act plays.

Pantomimes are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams, whose work is published by Lazy Bee Scripts and StageScripts Ltd.

Notes

[2]

Category:Amateur theatre companies in England Category:Cultural organisations based in London

[1] List of SMP shows available at

[2] http://www.smptheatre.co.uk/category/what-is-urinetown/

title: Saint Monica's Players

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Where are the Saint Monica Players based?

answer: The Saint Monica Players are based in Enfield.

answer: Enfield

text: Missing dot.

answer: The Saint Monica Players are based in the London borough of Enfield.

text: 'Category: Cultural organizations based in London' is evidence that the society is based in London.

answer: The Saint Monica Players are based in Enfield.

answer: Enfield, UK.

text: 'Category: Amateur theatre companies in England' supports the answer.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

When were the Saint Monica Players formed?

answer: 1958

text: Missing dot.

answer: 1958.

answer: The Saint Monica Players were formed in 1958.

answer: The Saint Monica Players were formed in 1958.

answer: The Saint Monica Players were formed in 1958.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many plays and musicals has Saint Monica Players performed?

answer: over 200 plays and musicals

text: Typos.

answer: over 200.

text: A typo.

answer: The group has performed over 200 different plays and musicals.

answer: Over 200.

answer: Saint Monica Players have performed over 200 different plays and musicals.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

How many shows a year do the Saint Monica Players produce?

answer: The Saint Monica Players produce three shows a year.

answer: three

text: Typos.

answer: The Saint Monica Players produce three shows per year.

answer: The Saint Monica Players produce three shows a year.

answer: Three per year

text: Missing dot.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Who writes the Saint Monica Players' pantomimes?

answer: Saint Monica Players' pantomimes are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams.

answer: Warren McWilliams writes the Saint Monica Players' pantomimes.

answer: Warren McWilliams writes the Saint Monica Players' pantomimes.

answer: Their pantomimes are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams

text: Missing dot.

refinement: Their pantomimes are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams.

answer: The Saint Monica Players' pantomimes are written by Warren McWilliams.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: SAINT MONICA'S PLAYERS is an amateur dramatic society based in Enfield, producing three shows per year at local theatres. The group primarily performs both musicals and plays, and their works are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams.

answer: Saint Monica's Players is an amateur dramatic society based in Enfield. They host three seasons per year at different venues. Their most recent work is a musical called "There's No Place Like Urine".

text: It is not stated that their most recent work is a musical called "There's No Place Like Urine".

refinement: Saint Monica's Players is an amateur dramatic society based in Enfield. They host three seasons per year at different venues.

answer: The Saint Monica's Players (SMP) is an amateur dramatic society based in Enfield. The group was formed in 1958 and has performed over 200 different plays at local theaters as well as at drama festivals and competitions. Their summer show is usually at the Millfield Theatre in June.

answer: The Saint Monica Players are an amateur drama society formed in 1958. Since then they have performed over 200 different musicals and plays. Currently they produce three shows a year.

answer: SAINT MONICA'S PLAYERS is an amateur drama society based in Enfield, England. The group performs three shows per year, including a pantomime at The Intimate Theatre in January. They have performed over 200 different plays and musicals at local theatres and competitions since their formation in 1958. Their scripts are written by resident writer Warren McWilliams.