text:
Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022, the _Chunichi Shimbun_ daily reported on Tuesday.

Toyota's new electric car, to be built on an all-new platform, will use all-solid-state batteries, allowing it to be recharged in just a few minutes, the newspaper said, without citing sources.

By contrast, current electric vehicles (EVs), which use lithium-ion batteries, need 20-30 minutes to recharge even with fast chargers and typically have a range of just 300-400 kilometres (185-250 miles).

Toyota has decided to sell the new model in Japan as early as 2022, the paper said. A Toyota spokeswoman said the company could not immediately comment on the report.

Japan's biggest automaker is looking to close the gap with EV leaders such as Nissan Motor Co and Tesla Inc as battery-powered cars gain traction around the globe as a viable emission-free alternative to conventional cars.

_Reuters_

question: What is Toyota working on?

answer: Toyota is making an electric car that uses a new type of battery that will improve the driving range of the vehicle as well as speeding up the charging time. They plan to release this on 2022.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022"

answer: Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time"

answer: Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time"

answer: Toyota is working on an electric car that will use all-solid-state batteries, which are said to allow for quick recharging and a longer driving range than current electric vehicles.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time"

question: What is an electric car?

answer: According to the passage, an electric car is a vehicle that is powered by electricity rather than gasoline.

text: The article doesn't mention that electric vehicles use electricity instead of gasoline.

refinement: According to the passage, an electric car is a vehicle that is powered by electricity.

answer: An electric car is a car that uses electricity as its main source of power.

answer: An electric car is a car that uses batteries for energy -more specifically, electricity as fuel.

answer: An electric car is a vehicle that is powered by electricity.

question: Why are electric cars being developed?

answer: Electric cars are being developed to reduce emissions.

text: "battery-powered cars gain traction around the globe as a viable emission-free alternative to conventional cars"

answer: Toyota is developing an electric car because they want to close the gap with EV leaders such as Nissan Motor Co and Tesla Inc.

text: The question asks why electric cars are produced, not why Toyota wants to produce their current design.

refinement: Electric cars are produced to reduce emissions.

answer: The answer is not directly stated in the article, but it does say that battery-powered cars are being considered as a viable alternative to conventional cars for being emission-free. This heavily implies that there is something very wrong with the emissions of conventional cars and the fuel they use which is why companies such as Toyota, Nissan, and Tesla are developing electric cars.

text: "battery-powered cars gain traction around the globe as a viable emission-free alternative to conventional cars"

answer: Electric cars are being developed in order to provide drivers with emission-free transportation options. Additionally, as more and more people begin to adopt electric cars, automakers are looking to compete with each other in order to provide the best electric car possible.

text: "battery-powered cars gain traction around the globe as a viable emission-free alternative to conventional cars"

question: How is the new battery expected to perform?

answer: The new batteries are solid state, allowing it to recharge faster than lithium-ion batteries. Given that lithium-ion batteries take about half an hour to charge and have a range of 300-400 kilometers, the new battery should perform reasonably better than that.

text: Solid-state: "Toyota's new electric car, to be built on an all-new platform, will use all-solid-state batteries..."

text: Lithium-ion batteries: "current electric vehicles (EVs), which use lithium-ion batteries, need 20-30 minutes to recharge even with fast chargers and typically have a range of just 300-400 kilometres"

answer: The new battery is expected to allow the car to be recharged in just a few minutes, and to have a longer driving range than current electric vehicles.

text: New battery, longer range: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time"

text: Charge in a few minutes: "Toyota's new electric car, to be built on an all-new platform, will use all-solid-state batteries, allowing it to be recharged in just a few minutes"

answer: The new battery is expected to perform better than current batteries.

text: While the new battery is expected to be better, the answer should mention in which ways this expectation manifests.

refinement: The new battery is expected to perform better than current batteries. It's supposed to have a much quicker charging speed and longer range.

answer: The new battery is expected to have a range of 300-400 kilometers and recharge in just a few minutes.

text: The new battery is expected to have a longer range than old ones, which can go for 300-400 km.

refinement: The new battery is expected to have a longer range than 300-400 kilometers and recharge in just a few minutes.

text: Charge in a few minutes: "Toyota's new electric car, to be built on an all-new platform, will use all-solid-state batteries, allowing it to be recharged in just a few minutes"

question: Write a ~1 sentence summary.

answer: Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022"

answer: Toyota is developing a new electric car with all-solid-state batteries that will allow for quick charging and a longer driving range than current electric vehicles. The car is expected to go on sale in 2022.

text: The question asks for a single sentence summary. The answer can be consolidated into one.

refinement: Toyota is developing a new electric car with all-solid-state batteries that will allow for quick charging and a longer driving range than current electric vehicles, which is expected to go on sale in 2022.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022"

answer: Toyota will be releasing a new electric car in 2022 that makes use of a new solid state battery that will improve both the charge time and the maximum driving range.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022"

answer: Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time.

text: "Toyota is working on an electric car powered by a new type of battery that significantly increases driving range and reduces charging time, aiming to begin sales in 2022"


split: train

text:
PAUL JOANNIDES (born 4 November 1945, London) is Professor in the History of Art in the University of Cambridge.[1]

Career

Joannides is employed by the Dept. of History of Art at the University of Cambridge. He was Assistant Lecturer 1973-1978, lecturer 1978-2002 and reader in art history 2002-2004. He has been working as Professor of art history since 2004. He was chargé de mission of the Musée du Louvre from 1991 to 1992. He is member of the Société de l'Histoire de l'Art Français.

Work

Joannides completed his PhD on the French Romantic painter Eugène Delacroix under Professor Lee Johnson.

He is best known for his numerous academic articles on Italian renaissance artists and on the French romantic painters in specialist art magazines like The Burlington Magazine and Apollo.

Books published by him

-   _The Drawings of Raphael_, Phaidon Press 1983.[2]
-   _Masaccio and Masolino_, Phaidon Press, 1993.[3]
-   _Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius_, Yale University Press, 2001.[4]

Books co-edited by him

-   _Reactions to the Master: Responses to Michelangelo in the sixteenthcentury_, co-edited with Francis Ames-Lewis, Ashgate Press, 2003.[5]

Exhibition catalogues

-   _Michelangelo and his Influence_, exhibition of 68 drawings for the Royal Collection, circulated in three venues in the United States and two in the UK, October 1996-April 1998, The National Gallery of Art, Washington and Lund Humphries, London, 1996.[6]
-   _Raphael and His Age - Drawings from the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille_, exhibition of 57 drawings shown at the Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille, 2002-2003. Published in English and in French by the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Réunion des Musées.[7][8]
-   _Late Raphael_, (co-curated with Tom Henry), exhibition at the Prado and Musée du Louvre 2012-2013.

Collection Catalogues

-   _Michel-Ange, Ecole, Copistes, Inventaire des Dessins Italiens_, Musée du Louvre, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2003.[9]
-   _The Drawings by Michelangelo and his followers in the Ashmolean Museum_, Oxford, CUP, 2007.[10][11]

Personal life

His second wife was art historian Marianne Ysobel Joannides, née Sachs, who died of cancer aged 61 at home in Saffron Walden on 23 March 2007.[12] She had taught history of art at the University of Kent at Canterbury, and was latterly employed at Bonhams auctioneers in London as a consultant in old master drawings. Whilst working at Phillips Auctioneers in 1994 she arranged a loan exhibition in London of Master Drawings from the De Pass Collection, Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro (Catalogue ).

[1] University of Cambridge (2008). _Paul Joannides_. Cambridge: University of Cambridge. Accessed 27 April 2008.

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8] Book Country (2008). _Raphael and His Age - Drawings from the Palais Des Beaux-arts, Lille. _. Mount Vernon: Book Country. Accessed 27 April 2008.

[9]

[10]

[11] Book Country (2008). _The Drawings Of Michelangelo And His Followers In The Ashmolean Museum. _. Mount Vernon: Book Country. Accessed 27 April 2008.

[12] http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/56726/joannides

title: Paul Joannides (art historian)

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize Joannides' career.

answer: Joannides is employed by the Dept. of History of Art at the University of Cambridge. He was Assistant Lecturer 1973-1978, lecturer 1978-2002 and reader in art history 2002-2004. He has been working as Professor of art history since 2004. He was chargé de mission of the Musée du Louvre from 1991 to 1992.

answer: Joannides started lecturing in 1978 and has been a professor since 2004. He has written several books, though not as many as his late wife, and he has been guest lecturer across the globe.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: Joannides started lecturing in 1978 and has been a professor since 2004. He has written several books.

answer: Paul Joannides is a professor in the history of art in the University of Cambridge. He was an assistant lecturer from 1973-1978, lecturer from 1978-2002 and a reader in art history from 2002-2004. He became a professor in 2004. He is best known for his articles on Italian renaissance artists and on the French romantic painters. He co-edited several books, including Reactions to the Master: Responses to Michelangelo in the Sixteenth Century and The Drawings of Raphael. He also organized two important art exhibitions. He has had a storied career and has made significant contributions to the field of art history.

answer: Paul Joannides began his career in 1973 as an assistant lecturer in the History of Art at the University of Cambridge. He later became a lecturer in 1978, reader in art history in 2002, and Professor in 2004. Joannides is known mainly for his research on Renaissance Italian and French romantic painters, and for cataloguing Michelangelo's catalog of drawings.

answer: Joannides began his academic career as an assistant lecturer in 1973. After that, he worked as a lecturer until 2002, when he became a reader. Joannides has been an art history professor since 2004.

text: The response misses to mention that Joannides career is at the University of Cambridge.

refinement: Joannides began his academic career in the Department of History of Art at the University of Cambridge as an assistant lecturer in 1973. After that, he worked as a lecturer until 2002, when he became a reader. Joannides has been an art history professor since 2004.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What books has Joannides' published?

answer: He wrote a PhD on the French Romantic painter Eugene Delacroix under Professor Lee Johnson. He has published "The Drawings of Raphael", "Masaccio and Masolino" and "Titian to 1518: Assumption of Genius". He has also co-edited a book called "Reactions to the Master: Responses to Michelangelo in the sixteenth century."

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: He has published "The Drawings of Raphael", "Masaccio and Masolino" and "Titian to 1518: Assumption of Genius". He has also co-edited a book called "Reactions to the Master: Responses to Michelangelo in the sixteenth century."

answer: Joannides has published two books, _The Drawings of Raphael_ and _Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius_. He has edited two book collections and curated exhibitions of drawings.

text: The response incorrectly mentions Joannides published two books. He published three, including Masaccio and Masolino.

refinement: Joannides has published three books: The Drawings of Raphael, Masaccio and Masolino and Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius. He has edited two book collections and curated exhibitions of drawings.

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: Joannides has published three books: The Drawings of Raphael, Masaccio and Masolino and Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius.

answer: Joannides has published "The Drawings of Raphael", "Masaccio and Masolino", and "Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius".

answer:
1) Paul Joannides - The Drawings of Raphael, 1983.
2) Paul Joannides - Masaccio and Masolino, 1993.
3) Paul Joannides - Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius, 2001.
4) Paul Joannides (co-author) - Reactions to the Master: Responses to Michelangelo in the sixteenth century, 2003.
5) Paul Joannides (co-editor) - Michel-Ange, Ecole, Copistes, Inventaire des Dessins Italiens, 2003.
6) Paul Joannides - Late Raphael, 2012/13.
7) Paul Joannides (co-curator) - the Prado and Musée du Louvre - Late Raphael and the Fluxus Movement, 2014.
8) Alan Bowman and Paul Joannides - The Drawings by Michelangelo and his Followers in the Ashmolean Museum, 2008

text: The response includes extra information not useful for the task.

refinement:
1) Paul Joannides - The Drawings of Raphael, 1983.
2) Paul Joannides - Masaccio and Masolino, 1993.
3) Paul Joannides - Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius, 2001.

answer: The Drawings of Raphael, Masaccio and Masolino, Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius, and Late Raphael

text: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

refinement: The Drawings of Raphael, Masaccio and Masolino, and Titian to 1518: The Assumption of Genius.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Describe Joannides' personal life.

answer: Paul Joannides is a professor in the history of art at the University of Cambridge. His second wife, Marianne Ysobel Sachs, died of cancer in 2007.

text: The response includes extraneous information

refinement: His second wife, Marianne Ysobel Sachs, died of cancer in 2007.

answer: His second wife, Marianne Ysobel Joannides, nee Sachs, died of cancer at age 61 on 23 March 2007. She had taught history of art at the University of Kent at Canterbury.

answer: Paul Joannides was married to art historian Marianne Ysobel Joannides, who died of cancer aged 61 at home in Saffron Walden in 2007.

answer: He is married to Marianne Ysobel Joannides, and she has worked at Bonhams auctioneers. She died of cancer in 2007.

text: Poor grammar, his wife has died and is therefore no longer married to her.

refinement: He was married to Marianne Ysobel Joannides, and she has worked at Bonhams auctioneers. She died of cancer in 2007.

answer: Paul Joannides is married to art historian Marianne Ysobel Joannides, née Sachs. Marianne died of cancer in 2007.

text: Poor grammar, his wife has died and is therefore no longer married to her.

refinement: Paul Joannides was married to art historian Marianne Ysobel Joannides, née Sachs. Marianne died of cancer in 2007.


text:
ŽELJKA ČIŽMEŠIJA (born 19 October 1970) is a Croatian retired figure skater. She placed as high as 11th at the European Championships (1987, 1989) and competed at two Winter Olympics (1988, 1992). She was the first woman to represent Croatia at the Olympics.[1]

Career

Čižmešija began appearing internationally for SFR Yugoslavia in the 1980s. She finished 13th at the 1984 World Junior Championships. In 1986, she made her first appearances at senior-level ISU Championships, placing 16th at Europeans and 21st at Worlds.

The following season, Čižmešija finished 11th at the 1987 European Championships in Sarajevo and 16th at the 1987 World Championships in Cincinnati. She placed 22nd at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada. She had another 11th-place finish at the 1989 European Championships in Birmingham, England.

On 7 March 1990, at the 1990 World Championships, Čižmešija became the last skater to perform a compulsory figure in international competition (David Liu having previously become the last male skater to do it). Both she and Liu received certificates for it.[2]

In her final season, Čižmešija represented Croatia. Training was difficult due to the war and lack of ice.[3] She placed 25th at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.[4] She retired from competition at the end of the season.

Personal life

Željka Čižmešija is the sister of Tomislav Čižmešija,[5] who competed in men's singles for Croatia at the 1992 Olympics.

Results

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| International                                                         |
+:=====================================================================:+
| Event                                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Olympics                                                              |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Worlds                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Europeans                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Skate America                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Golden Spin                                                           |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| International: Junior                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Junior Worlds                                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

title: Željka Čižmešija

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

Summarize the political events around the height of Cizmesija's career.

answer: The answer is not found in the passage.

text: Could simple state "No answer"

answer: No answer

answer: Cizmesija competed during two Olympic appearances, in 1988 and in 1992. During this period Croatia wracked by civil war and war which forced her to seriously consider removal her skates. By 1993 Croatia had broken with former Yugoslavia and held their first independent Olympics.

text: This answer is unattested.

answer: No answer

answer: No answer

answer: [rewrite]

answer: She became the last skater to compete a compulsory figure in international competition. This was an award received for the last male skater to compete a compulsory figure in international competition. It is at this point when the political situation in Yugoslavia was brewing into a civil war.


text:
I couldn't tell you which woke me up first. The sunshine through my eyelids, or the uncomfortably cold cement floor I was laying on. My mouth felt as if the spit had been sucked dry a week ago. My ears were ringing something awful. My head is absolutely pounding with every movement. Water. I need water. I've never been more hungover in my entire life...

Hungover? I don't even remember drinking! Did you black out so hard that you forgot everything? Oh my god, you absolute idiot.... You're not wearing any pants. Why does this always happen to me?

Fuck. How am I going to get out of here without any pants on. Wait a minute, where the hell am I? I was sitting near a dark corner of a gigantic room. This appears to be an abandoned warehouse. The sunlight was just making it's way through the broken window panes near the roof, illuminating the discarded debaucheries within. The room smelled of putrid filth. Crushed cans of beer and energy drinks, scents of bodily fluids, deflated balloons, "party favors"... There must have been a gigantic rave here last night. There's no denying that. Yeah, of course there was you moron, you were there. And It was awesome.

Wait a second, how DID I get here? I think there was a truck? The girl! There was this really attractive girl with a bob-cut hairstyle behind the wheel! Yeah!!! I remember now!

She was driving like a maniac when she spotted me. Flying across i84W at speeds well exceeding the limit. The cops already knew who she was. In their eyes she was an untouchable hellion. The funny thing is, the cops couldn't even pull her over. She later told me: As a supposed high ranking member of the French resistance underground, her father had paid off the Waterbury police commissioner back in the 90's through some convoluted extortion scheme. All her troubles with Johnny Q Law were over. The best part about that was, for her anyway - no more speeding tickets.

Against the posted warnings, and my own better judgment, I was hitchhiking around exit 15. After three hours of trying, I had given up all hope of ever getting a ride. I had even made a sign that said "Won't Kill You" on it. I tried to make eye contact with every driver who passed, but it was getting dark, and I couldn't see their faces anymore.

After about 20 minutes walking with my thumb out, I heard a roar that could only be an 8 cylinder gas guzzling behemoth. As the sound drew nearer, I turned to see an enormous, lifted, mud covered truck slam on its brakes. The side view mirror came to a complete stop inches from my face.

The filthy door swung open and hit me in the chest. I had to step up onto the truck to see the driver. Man, was I surprised. Not only was the driver deadly attractive, but she was glaring at me down the sights of a handgun she was pointing directly at my forehead. The way she cradled that pistol, I could tell this wasn't her first time.

"GET. IN. THE. FUCKING. TRUCK." Was all she said. Just like that.

The crazy look in her eye told me she wasn't kidding about pulling that trigger. My hesitations made her nostrils flare. I slowly opened the door, and sat down in the passenger seat.

"Shut the door" said a voice from the back. I turned to look and immediately heard at least four female voices scream in almost perfect unison: "TURN THE FUCK AROUND!!!". So I did.

It's hard to think when a 40 caliber Baretta 92fs is staring you in the face. The driver didn't say another word, just glared. Wide eyed and crazy.

Someone from the backseat cleared their throat.
"I'll take over from here" she said.

Abruptly, the driver mashed down the gas pedal. The open passenger door slammed shut as the tires gained traction with the road. The driver yanked the wheel back onto the highway almost side swiping a car next to us.

The only thing I felt, aside from that icy stare, was the cold barrel of another firearm pressed against my neck from the backseat. A well manicured hand appeared from behind me. I noticed the French tips as I took what was being offered. It was a water bottle filled with god knows what... It was clear and warm like tap water, but I was pretty damn sure it wasn't just tap water.

"Drink this" said a woman from the back.

"What's in it?" I asked timidly.

BOOOOOOOOM!!!!

My heart almost exploded into my lap as the maniac behind the wheel shot a hole through the roof. My ears are still ringing. Even though I'm not a religious person, I looked upwards in hopes of finding god in that moment. The only holy thing I saw was an assortment of bullet holes in the roof. Oh shit. They must do this all the time. They know exactly what they're doing.... I'm a deadman. I already know it.

The bottle is then shoved back into my hands. I can barely hear what is being yelled at me over my newly found tinnitus. Through the gun smoke, I could read her pink lips.
"DRINK IT"

Godless and alone, I had no choice. A tear rolled down my cheek as I closed my eyes and swallowed the bitter liquid.

-BACK TO THE WAREHOUSE-

As bad as that all sounds, the night went in a completely opposite direction. After I drank the "water", the girls exploded into laughter and quelled my fears of death. They explained that they were chemistry experts experimenting with mind altering drugs. They take advantage of vagrants like me to test their concoctions.

The weird thing is, I'm not mad at the girls at all. Even though they forced drugs on me, my night turned out much better than what I was planning on doing - which was nothing. Actually, last night was the best night of my life. Even though my memory gets spotty after the kidnapping, we all ended up having a fantastic time. I wonder what happened to them. Did I get her number??? Shit, it's probably in my pants.

If I remember correctly, over the course of the night, the driver and I started getting close. Turns out she's not a cold hearted sociopath like I originally thought. Although I'm not entirely sure about her questionable morals or the streak of evil she possesses. Deep down, she's a sweet girl. I think I even kissed her.

The girls had a large portion of the illegal narcotics production market cornered. They were "A-Listers" at all kinds of crazy underground parties. You should have seen this warehouse when it was in full swing. It was like the entire room peaked at the same time. The moment was quite beautiful actually.

Just look at this place now. A discarded garbage heap. The nasty remains of that epic occurrence are now strewn across the floor. They'll need a fire hose and a bulldozer to pick up all this trash.

So here I am, standing at the very end of a momentous event I'll never completely remember, and I'm not even wearing pants. Great. Just great.

As I was about to curse the girls for leaving me stranded, a monstrous VROOOOMMMM vibrated through the cavernous room. I look towards the source of the sound to see sunlight breaking through the edges of an exit door. I open the door just enough to stick my head out and look around.

VROOOOOOOOOOOMMMM!!!

I must be having visions. There is a gigantic mud covered, lifted, V8 beast clearing It's throat in the abandoned parking lot. A smile came across my face. My worries about not wearing pants vanish as I cooly exit the building and step up to the truck. Before I can get there, the passenger door opens, and the same stunning woman is sitting behind the wheel. I can hardly believe my own bloodshot eyes.

"Where you headed?" I ask her.

She gives me a familiar look as if we were old friends who haven't seen each other in years. She pauses for a second, letting me absorb that sweet smile. In a tone I was almost longing to hear she said
 "Get In the fucking truck"

Without question or hesitation this time, I did.

title: "GET. IN. THE. FUCKING. TRUCK."

question: Where does the narrator wake up?

answer: The narrator wakes up in an abandoned warehouse after a night of partying with a group of girls.

text: In the passage, it states that the narrator " appears to be in an abandoned warehouse" in the third paragraph of the passage.

answer: The narrator wakes up in an abandoned warehouse.

answer: In an abandoned warehouse without any pants.

answer: In an abandoned warehouse.

question: How did the narrator get to the warehouse?

answer: The narrator was picked up by a woman driving a truck, who then forced drugs on him. Later, the same woman picked him up in the truck again.

text: No response is given so an accurate response needs to be generated.

refinement: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of women who were chemistry experts and picked the narrator up in their truck and took him to the warehouse.

answer: We learn through a series of flashbacks that he was kidnapped by a group of women who perform chemistry experiments and forced to try illegal drugs.

text: It is important to note that the narrator was picked up in a truck by the women.

refinement: We learn through a series of flashbacks that he was kidnapped by a group of women who perform chemistry experiments and forced to try illegal drugs and forced the narrator into their truck and took him to the warehouse.

answer: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of women who were chemistry experts.

question: What happened in the warehouse?

answer: A giant rave.

text: This response is not correct and needs to be reconstructed.

refinement: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of girls who were experimenting with mind-altering drugs. They had a great time partying together, but the girls eventually left the narrator stranded without any pants.

answer: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of women who were chemistry experts. They forced drugs on him and he had a great time.

answer: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of girls who were experimenting with mind-altering drugs. They had a great time partying together, but the girls eventually left the narrator stranded without any pants. Just as the narrator was about to give up hope, the same girl who kidnapped him earlier returned and offered him a ride.

text: No response has been given so an accurate response needs to be constructed.

refinement: The narrator was kidnapped by a group of girls who were experimenting with mind-altering drugs. They had a great time partying together, but the girls eventually left the narrator stranded without any pants

question: What happens at the end of the story?

answer: The protagonist gets into the truck and leaves with the driver.

answer: The protagonist gets into the truck with the woman driving, presumably to go somewhere else to continue the fun from the previous night.

answer: The women return in their truck and pick the main character up.

answer: The narrator is left stranded in the warehouse, but the girls return and take him back to the truck.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The protagonist wakes up in an abandoned warehouse with no pants on and no memory of the night before. He remembers a girl driving a truck and kidnapping him, but he doesn't remember anything after that. He drinks a bottle of water that the girls give him, and they explain that they are chemists who test their drugs on unsuspecting people. The protagonist and the girl he was kidnapped by start to get close, and he kisses her. The girl drives him back to the warehouse, and he gets in the truck.

answer: The story is about a man who wakes up in an abandoned warehouse after a rave, wondering where he was. He remembers being kidnapped by chemist women in a truck and forced to take drugs. Then those same women return and pick him up.

answer: The narrator is hitchhiking when a truck stops and a woman with a gun forces him into the truck. The woman and her friends are chemistry experts who use vagrants to test their drugs. The narrator and the woman get close and kiss.

text: Additional detail about the end of the passage can be added to make this summary stronger.

refinement: The narrator is hitchhiking when a truck stops and a woman with a gun forces him into the truck. The woman and her friends are chemistry experts who use vagrants to test their drugs. The narrator and the woman get close and kiss. Afterwards, the women come back to pick up the narrator from the warehouse in their truck.

answer: The protagonist wakes up in an abandoned warehouse after a wild night partying with a group of girls. They kidnap him and force him to take drugs, but he ends up having a great time. When the girls leave, he is rescued by the same girl who kidnapped him, and they head off in her truck.


text:
_PSEUDOCORINNA_ is a genus of African corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1910.[1]

Species

it contains twenty-nine species:[2]

-   _Pseudocorinna alligator_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna amicorum_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon
-   _Pseudocorinna amphibia_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna banco_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Guinea, Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna bilobata_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Togo
-   _Pseudocorinna brianeno_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna celisi_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna christae_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna cymarum_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Ghana
-   _Pseudocorinna doutreleponti_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon
-   _Pseudocorinna eruca_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna evertsi_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna febe_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon
-   _Pseudocorinna felix_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna gevaertsi_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna incisa_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Gabon
-   _Pseudocorinna juakalyi_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna lanius_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Liberia, Ivory Coast
-   _Pseudocorinna lobelia_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna natalis_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna naufraga_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna okupe_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon
-   _Pseudocorinna orientalis_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Congo
-   _Pseudocorinna perplexa_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Nigeria
-   _Pseudocorinna personata_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon
-   _Pseudocorinna rutila_ Simon, 1910 (type) – Guinea-Bissau
-   _Pseudocorinna septemaculeata_ Simon, 1910 – Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
-   _Pseudocorinna ubicki_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
-   _Pseudocorinna victoria_ Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 – Cameroon

[1]

[2]

title: Pseudocorinna

question: What type of animals belong to the genus Pseudocorinna?

answer: African corinnid sac spiders belong to the genus Pseudocorinna.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna contains African corinnid sac spiders.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna contains African corinnid sac spiders.

answer: African corinnid sac spiders.

question: When was the genus Pseudocorinna first described?

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna was first described in 1910.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna was first described by Eugène Simon in 1910.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna was first described by Eugène Simon in 1910.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna was first described in 1910.

question: How many known species are in Pseudocorinna?

answer: Twenty-nine species are in Pseudocorinna.

answer: There are twenty nine known species in Pseudocorinna.

answer: Twenty-nine.

answer: There are 29 known species in the genus Pseudocorinna.

question: When was Pseudocorinna natalis discovered?

answer: Pseudocorinna natalis was discovered in 2011.

answer: Pseudocorinna natalis was discovered in Congo in 2011.

answer: Pseudocorinna natalis was discovered in 2011.

answer: Pseudocorinna natalis was discovered in 2008.

text: Incorrect answer to the question. The correct answer needs to be added to the response.

refinement: Pseudocorinna natalis was discovered in 2011.

question: What country was Pseudocorinna bilobata discovered in?

answer: Togo.

answer: Pseudocorinna bilobata was discovered in Togo.

answer: Togo

answer: Pseudocorinna bilobata was discovered in Togo.

question: How many species in Pseudocorinna did Simon discover?

answer: 29

text: This is an incorrect response and the correct answer needs to be put.

refinement: Simon discovered 2 species in Pseudocorinna.

answer: Simon discovered two species of Pseudocorinna.

answer: There are 29 species in the genus Pseudocorinna, as stated in the passage.

text: This response is incorrect and does not answer the question being asked.

refinement: There are 29 species in the genus Pseudocorinna, as stated in the passage, and Simon has discovered 2 of the species in Pseudocorinna.

answer: Simon discovered the type species, Pseudocorinna rutila.

text: This response does not answer the question and a proper and accurate response needs to be added.

refinement: Simon discovered two species in Pseudocorinna.

question: Write a ~2 sentence summary.

answer: Pseudocorinna is a genus of African corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1910. It contains twenty-nine species.

answer: Pseudocorinna is a genus of African spiders. It was first described in 1910 and contains twenty nine known species.

answer: The genus Pseudocorinna contains 29 species of African corinnid sac spiders, first described by Eugène Simon in 1910. Species can be found in countries such as Guinea, Liberia, and Ivory Coast.

answer: Pseudocorinna is a genus of African corinnid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1910. It contains twenty-nine species.


text:
By thirty, your life's pretty much over. Even though you technically still have more than half left, once you have a family, a job, and a home, every day is exactly like the last. There are no unanswered questions, nothing to look forward to. By thirty, you've realized that life is dull, drab, and meaningless; you're just riding it out.

Your alarm clock blares, so you groggily slap at it until it shuts up. You crack open your eyes. The fire-red 6:00 taunts you from the nightstand. You drag yourself out of bed. When your wife stirs, you pretend to apologize for waking her. She smiles and doesn't believe you. You shave, shower, and dress in your favorite shirt and tie which, since you have no personality, is black on white. You stagger into the kitchen and start brewing coffee, soon followed by your dazed wife with her frazzled hair and ratty bathrobe. She plops her sagging ass into a chair (you pray it doesn't break) and stares zombily into space, picturing the kitchen she should have had. You pour two cups, the steam drifting lazily from the dull black pools, and drop into the seat opposite her. You push her mug over and even attempt some inane, frivolous conversation. But she's busy sipping her coffee and wondering what she ever saw in you so she responds in grunts. Silence shortly reclaims the room. Then your little girl trudges in, so suddenly the two of you are cheerful and in love. While Mommy's busy complementing Daddy's tie ("My, how interesting!"), the little girl pours her own cereal and orange juice. She joins Mommy and Daddy at the table, but doesn't utter a word; she knows they're faking. Kids are smart like that. When she silently finishes and leaves to prep for school, you rise, spit a goodbye at your wife (the kid's not here, so no need to kiss), march out the door, and fire up your '98 Ford Escort. The rattling shakes open the glove compartment, so annoyance tugging at the fringes of your brain, you slam it shut. Even though you will never get it repaired, you remind yourself to do it anyway. Then you accelerate and brake and turn until you're lost in those short, yellow lines that happen to be zipping by.

That's where you are right now: mesmerized by an endless parade of golden dashes, wondering how life managed to slip you by. It's actually quite simple: you screwed up the first part.

Life flows like the daily commute. There are two distinct legs: navigating to and cruising along the highway. The initial is substantially more involved; you're constantly accelerating, braking, and turning, meticulously reading every street sign to pick your way through the complex matrix of roads. Since you're paying attention, encountering new situations, and still fresh to the drive, this shorter leg seems the longer; there is more to remember so you remember more.

Then you merge into the swift river of cars of the highway. Breathing a sigh of relief, you settle into your seat and lose yourself in whatever tune is on the radio. Hopefully, nothing happens; every minute is just cruising steadily along the smooth pavement while kind of keeping track of the cars around you. But without unique events, the minutes blend into each other. Time becomes slippery and insubstantial. Before you know it, you've arrived at your destination, wishing you lived further away.

Life works like that. When you're young, dumb, and inexperienced, you're left to forge your way through an intricate spider web of paths, hopefully with a map or other guide, but usually not. You decide who you are, what you believe, your profession, whether you even graduate high school, and whether Debra is actually your soul mate or if you should push for that abortion. Some people guess right and comfortably cruise along for the rest of their lives. But when they don't have guidance, it's easy to see how so many young are lost.

As a result of the constantly changing landscape and plethora of new experiences of young life, this shorter leg (thirty years at most) seems the longer. Then you merge onto the highway; you have a spouse named Debra who hates your guts, a job you planned to work for two years but this is already your eighth, and a kid who's too smart to talk to you. You watch as the days blend into one miserable stream and, before you know it, you're dead. But that's what happens when you fuck up that initial leg; you end up driving to nowhere until you run out of gas or crash.

So, in a moment, you will pull into a parking lot. Your ankle sore for no reason whatsoever, you will limp into the concrete building, blowing right by the motivational poster depicting the long and tumultuous history of the company. Cassie, the bubbly receptionist, will perkily greet you. You will neadrathalically grunt back. After an eternity of making calls in your droll office, the last will be to Debra, notifying her that you're leaving work (bitch better have your dinner ready). As you walk out the door, Cassie will energetically wave goodbye. You will ignore her.

You will crawl through traffic home in your sputtering car with the incessantly swinging glove box to stagger inside, exhausted from yelling at idiot drivers. Fortunately, the steam will still be rising from your formerly frozen lasagna. Since words only spark argument and truth, you will eat in silence. After, you will try to act sophisticated by reading the newspaper, but your wife's cooking show will be too damn loud. You will quietly hiss at her to please turn it down. She won't. You will remain mum for a few minutes, penting up your boiling rage. When it finally bursts free, you will throw the paper to the floor, yourself to your feet, and your words at your bitch wife. You don't have the patience anymore for her pointless cooking shit.

Debra will be unfazed. She will flat out ask you when you ever had the patience for her pointless cooking shit or her at all, calmly rehashing your utter failure as a husband and a father. Even though she ain't so perfect herself, you will storm off to bed in a huff, anger clamping your mouth shut. It's hard to argue with someone who's right.

And the whole time, the little girl will be curled up to the crack of her door, listening intently to every word, lonely tears snaking down her face. Just like every other day.

title: Just Like Every Other Day

question: In what does the character dress in before going to work?

answer: Black tie and white shirt.

answer: The character dresses in a black shirt and tie.

text: White shirt, black tie.

refinement: The character dresses in a white shirt and black tie.

answer: The character dresses in a black shirt and tie.

text: White shirt, black tie.

refinement: The character dresses in a white shirt and black tie.

answer: The character dresses in a black shirt and tie.

text: White shirt, black tie.

refinement: The character dresses in a white shirt and black tie.

question: Who makes the coffee in the morning?

answer: The husband

answer: The narrator's wife.

text: The husband

answer: The husband makes the coffee in the morning.

answer: The husband.

question: Will the characters get a divorce?

answer: It is difficult to say for certain, but it seems likely that the characters will eventually divorce. The passage suggests that they are unhappy with each other, and the husband is prone to angry outbursts.

text: They're unhappy and fight, doesn't seem sustainable.

refinement: They are obviously unhappy and fight over frivolous things, it's possible they'll divorce.

answer: It is implied that they will.

answer: Yes

question: What car does the main character have?

answer: The main character has a Ford Escort.

text: Doesn't mention the year.

refinement: The main character has a 1998 Ford Escort.

answer: The main character drives a 1998 Ford Escort.

answer: '98 Ford Escort

answer: A 1998 Ford Escort.

question: Write a ~3 sentence summary.

answer: The narrator is thirty years old and feels that life is dull, drab, and meaningless. He feels that he has screwed up the first leg of life and is now driving to nowhere. He feels that his wife hates him and his daughter is too smart to talk to him.

text: Doesn't mention his monotonous routine day in and day out.

refinement: The narrator is thirty years old and feels that life is dull, drab, and meaningless. He lives the same monotonous routine day in day out. He feels that he has screwed up the first leg of life and is now driving to nowhere. He feels that his wife hates him and his daughter is too smart to talk to him.

answer: The narrator is making a point about how life until 30 seems longer because you have to decide who you are. After 30, life seems shorter as there are few life decisions to be made. The narrator uses as an example a character who made the wrong decisions in his 30's and now is unhappy with his life.

text: Doesn't mention his monotonous routine day in and day out.

refinement: The narrator is making a point about how life until 30 seems longer because you have to decide who you are. After 30, life seems shorter as there are few life decisions to be made. The narrator uses as an example a character who made the wrong decisions in his 30's and now is unhappy with his life and his monotonous routine day in day out.

answer: The protagonist is a thirty-year-old man who is unhappy with his life. He is married to a woman who hates him, has a job he hates, and has a daughter who is too smart to talk to him. He is unhappy with his life and is going to quit his job.

text: It doesn't say he's going to quit his job.

refinement: The protagonist is a thirty-year-old man who is unhappy with his life. He is married to a woman who hates him, has a job he hates, and has a daughter who is too smart to talk to him. He is unhappy with his life and is going.

text: Doesn't mention his monotonous routine day in and day out.

refinement: The protagonist is a thirty-year-old man who is unhappy with his life. He is married to a woman who hates him, has a job he hates, and has a daughter who is too smart to talk to him. He is unhappy with his life and his monotonous routine day in day out.

answer: The author describes life as dull and meaningless, with every day being just like the last. They describe how life is like a daily commute, with two distinct parts: the initial leg, which is full of excitement and new experiences, and the highway leg, which is monotonous and uneventful. The author concludes that when people mess up the initial leg, they end up driving to nowhere until they die.


text:
_This article is part of DBA, a series on Mashable about running a business that features insights from leaders in entrepreneurship, venture capital and management._

There's a lot of science behind why change is so hard. But we shouldn't be so hard on ourselves; a large part of it is human nature. While what separates humans from many other animals is our frontal cortex and cognitive abilities, we still have an innate ability to follow known patterns. They tells us, "If doing something yesterday didn't kill us, then it must be safe to do today."

But our environment is constantly changing, and with the rapid pace of technology, there's never been more pressure to adapt or die.

Among the many facets of innovation, the one that intrigues me most is molding a culture of innovation, because getting this right is the key to sustained innovation. Without a culture of innovation, great ideas go unnoticed, or worse, get crushed.

Companies, like humans, gain comfort in patterns — doing what they've always done because it's considered safe. They're afraid to enter a new industry, offer a product outside their specialty or try a new approach to marketing because failing could be costly. Here are four tips to help your company foster a culture of innovation.

1. Start conversations with two simple words: 'What if'

[]

What if we could transmit data at the speed of light? What if every car could be turned into a taxi? What if vacant rooms could become mini hotels? What if unused CPU capacity could be put to other uses? Asking these questions paved the way for fiber, Uber, Airbnb and VMware. When you ask open questions, you invite new thinking.

"What if" is a powerful way to approach discussions because an invitation to think differently lives in the white space of the question.

To practice this simple method, follow this formula: Look at the way things are today — the status quo — and postulate the exact opposite. What if our pricing model is completely wrong? What if we should turn left rather than right? What if right now we're growing too fast?

2. Pay special attention when someone says, 'I have a crazy idea'

I've seen people's eyes roll when I start a sentence with "I have a crazy idea." I'm not offended. I know these people have a role; I look to them to defend processes. I know they value different things than I do, and that's a good thing, but I don't let them stop me.

Not all of us are as creative as others, but we all have crazy ideas, some big, some small. We'd be smart to pay attention to them. Think of crazy ideas as gifts from the cosmos. And they don't have to be big crazy ideas either. Sometimes, even the most innocuous observation or comment can become a springboard for a big idea.

Albert Einstein once said, "You can't solve a problem on the same level that it was created. You have to rise above it to the next level." Innovation is born from wanting to solve a problem in a new way and straying from the status quo. It's more than thinking outside the box; it's thinking like there is no box. Many people thought Einstein was crazy. He certainly looked the part. But it's just these attributes that made him so successful.

3. Approach life as if you were making stone soup

[]

Image: Mashable composite/ Stockphoto

If you haven't read the parable of "Stone Soup", it's a good read. And while there are many life lessons from the passage, I've witnessed how the power of this approach applies to innovation first hand.

About 15 years ago I met a brilliant technologist named Jeremie Miller. He had a seed idea for an instant messaging platform that could interoperate with every other instant messaging platform. He called it Jabber.

But Jeremie's true innovation wasn't his brilliant idea (the stone in stone soup). It was the way he invited others to contribute; he didn't approach his innovation as if it was a finished product, or a complete soup. In the white space around Jeremie, which he invited by not presuming he had the answer to everything, Jeremie attracted a team of brilliant contributors. Together, they did incredibly innovative things.

4. Create a new relationship with failure

Nothing will kill a culture of innovation and risk-taking faster than public humiliation from a past failure. "We're never going to do that again because when [insert name] took us down that road the last time, we lost a lot of money," you might hear.

We've all heard the mantra "No risk, no reward." Clearly the two are linked, but what we may not have realized is that the key to moving forward without fear lies in our relationship to failure.

We all make mistakes. The question isn't if we'll make them, but how we think about them and how that thinking impacts future choices. If the lesson we derive from failure is to stop trying, failure has defeated us. That relationship with failure keeps us from exploring the future, from taking risks. This is a toxic relationship to failure.

But here's the good news: I've found that only a small shift in thinking can turn our relationship with failure into something positive — something that will propel us into the sort of thinking and risk-taking that leads to innovation.

Here's how: Think of every failure as nothing more than a learning moment. Stop talking about things that didn't work in the past as failures, and start talking about them objectively. We did X, we learned Y. Therefore in the future, past experiences will help us pursue ideas that we have conviction in differently.

Removing fear of failure starts at the top. Senior leaders should promote smart risk-taking and explain the importance of learning from mistakes, whether that's done via email, town hall meeting or company kickoff event.

Encourage people to believe in themselves, make a bet and learn from mistakes. Put simply, cultures that promote risk-taking will also be the leading innovators.

[]

Andre Durand

In the past 20 years, Durand as help grow and build a number of successful, tech-focused companies. He started his career as an auditor at KPMG. In 1993 he co-founded and was CEO of Durand Communications, a bulletin board software company, which was ...More

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about starting conversations with "What if".

answer: The author advises starting a conversation with "What if" is a way to invite new thinking. This style of thinking invites us to question what may be safe to do today when in fact it isn't safe. Instead, this style of thinking should spur us to always feel comfortable with change and question the normality of things.

text: Contradiction

refinement: The author advises starting a conversation with "What if" is a way to invite new thinking. This style of thinking invites us to question what may be right to do today. Instead, this style of thinking should spur us to always feel comfortable with change and question the normality of things.

answer: The text suggests that starting a conversation with "What if" can help cultivate an environment that welcomes innovation. Asking this question encourages employees and colleagues to think creatively, which can pave the way for new ideas.

answer: According to the author, "What if" is the easiest way to have new discussions and thinking. The author invokes the image of Edison saying "The number 1 thing that separates humans from the other animals is our cognitive abilities." He ends the section by saying we should ask questions with "What if" by modifying it a little like "What if" we could transmit data at the speed of light?"

text: extra quote mark

refinement: According to the author, "What if" is the easiest way to have new discussions and thinking. The author invokes the image of Edison saying "The number 1 thing that separates humans from the other animals is our cognitive abilities." He ends the section by saying we should ask questions with "What if" by modifying it a little like "What if we could transmit data at the speed of light?"

answer: The text suggests that asking open questions such as "What if" helps generate creative thoughts, break away from patterns and start engaging new ideas. This creates fertile ground for innovation.

answer: "What if" is asking an open question that invites new thinking. Asking "what if" has paved the way for groundbreaking new technologies like fiber, Uber, and Airbnb. "What if" is a powerful way to approach discussions because it's an invitation to think differently. Practicing the "what if" method is as easy as thinking about the exact opposite of the status quo.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about paying attention to the person who says "I have a crazy idea".

answer: No answer

answer: Leaders need to listen to the people who start a sentence with "I have a crazy idea". Everyone has crazy ideas, some big and some small, but the levels vary per person. Paying attention to crazy ideas is smart because these are gifts from the universe. These ideas may or may not translate to anything, but even the most innocuous comment or observation can be a springboard for an idea.

answer: The text suggests that we should pay attention to someone who says they have a crazy idea. Crazy ideas may lead to innovation and improve our company.

answer: The text says that not all people are as creative as others are and that some people have ideas but won't look at them as crazy ideas. The text says we would be smart to pay attention to these ideas. Sometimes, you can't believe what someone has to say, but the text says we should speak up anyways and not get nervous about it. The text says that not everyone is going to have a big idea, but you should look and listen to them so something can come out of it.

answer: The text says that companies should pay attention to the person who says "I have a crazy idea" because it can lead to innovation. Crazy ideas are gifts that should be taken seriously and looked at objectively.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the importance of fostering a culture of innovation in a company?

answer: The text argues that fostering a culture of innovation is essential for a company's long-term future. Without a culture of innovation, great ideas go unnoticed, or worse, get crushed. One way to foster this culture is by starting conversations with two simple words: "What if", asking questions that encourage creative thinking and paying attention when someone says they have a "crazy idea". Finally, companies should also approach failure with a different mindset, viewing it as simply a learning opportunity.

text: run-on sentence

refinement: The text argues that fostering a culture of innovation is essential for a company's long-term future. Without a culture of innovation, great ideas go unnoticed, or worse, get crushed. One way to foster this culture is by starting conversations with two simple words: "What if". Another way is asking questions that encourage creative thinking and paying attention when someone says they have a "crazy idea". Finally, companies should also approach failure with a different mindset, viewing it as simply a learning opportunity.

answer: According to the article, thinking differently helps a company to solve problems in a new and different way than before, which leads to innovation. The author says companies always try to do the same way they've done things in the past since they know what they're doing previously didn't kill them. According to the author, the company should give up it's old ways and try new paths. Talking about ideas that didn't work in the past can hurt the company's culture. The company should give more importance to ideas that didn't work to motivate people to keep trying new things until they succeed.

text: not a contraction

refinement: According to the article, thinking differently helps a company to solve problems in a new and different way than before, which leads to innovation. The author says companies always try to do the same way they've done things in the past since they know what they're doing previously didn't kill them. According to the author, the company should give up its old ways and try new paths. Talking about ideas that didn't work in the past can hurt the company's culture. The company should give more importance to ideas that didn't work to motivate people to keep trying new things until they succeed.

answer: A company that fosters a culture of innovation has a higher chance of succeeding in the future. A culture of innovation may lead to more creativity in a company and attract talented people. Creating a culture of innovation requires companies to change their outlook on several things and also take some risks. Most importantly, every company should implement a "culture of failure" as it's very important in fostering a culture of innovation. Failure needs to be seen as a learning tool and something to embrace, rather than something to fear.

answer: The text emphasizes the importance of creating a culture in a company that promotes risk-taking and encourages creative thinking because this is the key to fostering innovation. The author stresses the importance of asking "open" questions, listening to crazy ideas and changing one's attitude towards failure in order cultivate an innovative environment.

answer: The rapid pace of technology means business environments are constantly changing, and there's more pressure to adapt or die. Without a culture of innovation, great ideas go unnoticed or get crushed. Not trying a new approach or fear entering a new industry can prove costly to companies.

text: Genitive not gerundive!

refinement: The rapid pace of technology means business environments are constantly changing, and there's more pressure to adapt or die. Without a culture of innovation, great ideas go unnoticed or get crushed. Not trying a new approach or fear of entering a new industry can prove costly to companies.


text:
ELKANAH KELSEY DARE (15 January 1782 – 26 August 1826) was a New England Methodist minister[1][2] and composer of music. He was among the first American composers[3] who published music in shape notes.[4]

Life

Elkanah Kelsey Dare was born in Salem, New Jersey, the son of Benoni Dare (1749-1802) and Damaris Kelsey (1748-1788). He married Mary Phillips in 1804, and they had ten children.[5] They moved to Wilmington, Delaware some time before 1809, and to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, before 1818. Dare joined the Presbyterian church in Greenwich, Cumberland County, New Jersey, at age 23. Dare was hired by the Harrisburg printer John Wyeth as music editor for _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_ (1813), where he is mentioned as being “late of Wilmington College,”[6] so this may have been the occasion of his move to Pennsylvania. From 1817 until his death, he pastored at the Union Presbyterian Church, Colerain Township, Pennsylvania.[7] He also served as Dean of Boys at Wilmington College, Delaware. Dare died of swamp fever in 1826.[8]

Musical works

All of Elkanah Dare's ten compositions[9] appear in _Wyeth's Repository_, 1813.[10] Five of his compositions have recently been reprinted in the Shenandoah Harmony (2013).

-   _Kedron_ (1799)[11]
-   _Road's Town_ (1813)[12][13]
-   _Babylonian Captivity_ (1813)[14]
-   Free scores available at _The Choral Public Domain Library_.[15]

Music Editor of _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Second Part_

In his introduction to the facsimile edition of _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music_ (New York, Da Capo Press: 1974), musicologist Irving Lowens points out that there is no evidence for publisher John Wyeth having any music training.[16] This was not necessary for the original _Repository_ of 1810, which modeled itself on successful tunebooks by other publishers, using their most popular songs, and was designed to appeal to moderate evangelical Christians. The market for the _Second Part_ three years later comprised Methodists and Baptists who were caught up in the enthusiastic revivalism of the time,[17] and this required a real musician who could collect folk tunes, folk hymns, and camp meeting songs, transcribe them, and write harmonies. Elkanah Dare is the only person mentioned in this regard, though there may have been others.[18]

The introductory essay to _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Second Part_ is prefaced by an acknowledgement to Dare's editorial approach.

  The following observations on Music are extracted, by permission, from the Manusript [_sic_] work of E. K. Dare, A.B. late of Wilmington College, which we hope, ere long to be published soon. [19]

The value of these observations is mentioned by publishers of Southern tunebooks who placed increasing emphasis on regional folk tunes,[20] although they do not mention Dare by name. There is no record of Dare's manuscript work ever having been published.

Discography

-   _Babylonian Captivity_ - _I Am The Rose Of Sharon_ - Early American Vocal Music Vol 1 CD

[1] “Elkanah Dare.” _The Canterbury Dictionary of Hymnology_. Canterbury Press. Web. 29 Dec. 2018.<http://www.hymnology.co.uk/e/elkanah-dare>

[2] http://phonoarchive.org/grove/Entries/S25584.htm Shape Note Hymnody

[3] http://www.voxnovus.com/resources/American_Composer_Timeline.htm American composer Timeline

[4] Delaware - A Guide to the First State By Hesperides, Hesperides Published 2007 READ BOOKS

[5] https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/benoni-dare_2461644

[6] John Wyeth, preface to “On the Genera of Music” in _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_ Irving Lowens, ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1964), p. 3.

[7] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/116471695/elkanah-kelsay-dare

[8] _200 Years of Union Presbyterian Church_ May 2016

[9] Temperley, Nicholas. _The Hymn Tune Index_, accessed 28 December 2018.

[10] Wyeth, John. 1813. _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: John Wyeth. 120 pp. Second Edition, 1820, 132 pp. (Second Edition reprinted by Da Capo Press, New York, 1964).

[11]

[12] http://www.shapenote.net/berkley/277.jpg

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16] Irving Lowens, “Introduction” to _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music_ Irving Lowens, ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1974), p. vii.

[17] Scholars who agree with Lowens' argument about Wyeth's lack of musical training nevertheless emphasize the business acumen of Wyeth in perceiving a market for religious folk music, where none had existed before, for example Ross W. Ellison, “John Wyeth, Early American Tunebook Publisher”, _The American Music Teacher,_ Vol. 25, No. 1, (Sep 1, 1975), p. 22.

[18] “The fact that Wyeth himself was no musician poses a collateral problem: whose were the musical brains behind _Part Second_? It appears highly probably that the person responsible for the organization of the tue-book and its general editorial supervision was the Rev. Elanah Kelsay Dare (1782-1826), Methodist clergyman, Freemason, and musician, who at one time served as the dean of boys at Wilmington College, Wilmington, Del., an institution long since defunct.” Irving Lowens, “Introduction” to _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_ Irving Lowens, ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1964), p. xii.

[19] John Wyeth, _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second,_ Irving Lowens, ed. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1964), p. 3.

[20] For example, Alexander Johnson, _Johnson's Tennessee Harmony_ (Cincinnati: Morgan, Lodge & Co., 1818), p. xiii; Allen D. Carden, _The Missouri Harmony_, stereotype ed. (Cincinnati: E. Morgan & Co., 1839), p. 12.

title: Elkanah Kelsey Dare

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Elkanah Kelsey Dare's music career?

answer: He was born in 1782 and served as a minister. He founded the general propriety of Methodists and Baptists with his music in 1817 at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania while functioning as music editor of the _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. His music show how he was a pioneer composer in America.

text: The first line is not relevant to his music career.

refinement: He founded the general propriety of Methodists and Baptists with his music in 1817 at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania while functioning as music editor of the _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. His music show how he was a pioneer composer in America.

text: The part about him founding the general propriety of Methodists and Baptists is unattested.

refinement: He functioned as music editor of the _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. His music show how he was a pioneer composer in America.

text: The second line should be more specific of what is significant about him among American composers.

refinement: He functioned as music editor of the _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. He was among the first American composers to publish music in shape notes.

text: The answer could mention his published pieces.

refinement: He functioned as music editor of the _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. He was among the first American composers to publish music in shape notes. He has 10 compositions in total, all of which appear in Wyeth's Repository.

answer: Elkanah Kelsey Dare was a New England Methodist minister who served as the Dean of Boys at Wilmington College. He was also a composer of music. He served as the music editor for John Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Second Part. His ten compositions appear in Wyeth's Repository, 1813 and five of the compositions were recently reprinted in the Shenandoah Harmony.

answer: Dare worked as music editor for Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music. The introductory essay to Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Second Part is prefaced by an acknowledgment of Dare's editorial work. Dare wrote ten compositions.

answer: Elkanah Kelsey Dare was a New England Methodist minister and composer of music. Dare was employed by John Wyeth to edit _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_ and collected folk tunes and folk hymns, transcribed them and wrote harmonies.

answer: Elkanah Kelsey Dare was a Methodist minister and composer of music. Dare's compositions appear in _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music,_ 1813. Dare was tapped by publisher John Wyeth as an editor for religious folk music.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the article say about Dare's work as a New England Methodist minister?

answer: Elkanah Dare was a Methodist minister and composer of music. He served as the music editor for _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. There is no evidence for John Wyeth, the publisher of the _Repository_ having any music training, but it was nevertheless Dare's work to transcribe and transcribe folk tunes, folk hymns, and camp meeting songs.

text: The article does not go into detail about his work as a Methodist minister.

answer: The article mentions that Dare was a New England Methodist minister so it is safe to assume he preached, counseled and tended to the spiritual needs of the congregation. There is no mention of those who attended his church to be included in this summary.

answer:
Dare joined the Presbyterian Church in Greenwich, Cumberland County, New Jersey, at age 23.
He pastored at the Union Presbyterian Church, Colerain Township, Pennsylvania from 1817 until his death. He also served as Dean of Boys at Wilmington College, Delaware.

answer: His musical compositions all appeared in the Wyeth's Repository, which was published in 1813. His work was released alongside several other melodies.

answer: Elkanah Dare was a New England Methodist minister who served as the music editor for _Wyeth's Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second_. This music publication focused on religious folk music.


text:
The MANIS MASTODON SITE is a archaeological site on the Olympic Peninsula near Sequim, Washington, United States. During the dig, the remains of an American mastodon were recovered which had a 13,800 year old projectile[1] made of the bone from a different mastodon embedded in its rib. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

History

On August 8, 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis was digging his property with a backhoe when he found the tusks of an American mastodon.[2] An archaeological excavation led by Dr. Carl Gustafson of Washington State University found a rib bone that had what appeared to be a spear point made from the bone of a different mastodon embedded in it. The point had bone growth around it, indicating that it had not caused the mastodon's death.[3] Gustafson deemed it the earliest known evidence of interaction between humans and mastodons in the Americas. However, there was debate,[4] because of the lack of indisputable proof that the point was made by humans.[5] This situation changed in 2011, when a new study of the remains definitively concluded that Gustafson was right as to both the age and the human origin of the point.[6] Gustafson also analyzed the position of the [7] fossil, which was lying on its left side, while the heavily fragmented skull was rotated 180 degrees from its natural position. Noting that this could not have occurred due to natural causes Gustafson deduced that the carcass must have been tampered with by humans.[8] Archaeologists were surprised to find a mastodon in the area at all because pollen samples that were taken showed no evidence of trees, which mastodons fed on.[9]

In an excavated layer above the mastodon, as well as that of a 6,700-year-old deposit of ash from the eruption of Mount Mazama, a projectile-point was found in the style of Coastal Olcott points common in the area no earlier than 9,000 years ago.[10]

The site also turned up remains of caribou, bison, and plant macrofossils.[11] Bones of the bison showed evidence of butchering by humans.[12] The pollen found in the same layer as the mastodon was predominantly sedge and cattail, while other layers contained that of plants ranging from Canadian buffaloberry, blackberry and wild rose, to willow and alder.[13]

Gustafson continued to excavate at the site for eight years, finding the partial remains of two more mastodons. Though stone tools and artifacts of bone were found, Gustafson failed to find evidence of an encampment by the people theorized to have butchered the mastodons.[14]

Prior to the excavation at the Manis site, which was dated before 12,000 years ago,[15] archaeological sites west of the Cascade Range considered to be early were aged between 9,000 and 6,000 years old.[16]

During the years of excavation, Clare and Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. In 1978, when the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places, Senator Henry M. Jackson made the announcement.[17] In 2002, on the 25th anniversary of the discovery, Manis' widow donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy.[18] The fossil remains of the mastodon were donated to the Sequim Museum & Arts in Sequim and are now on display. A casting of the bone projectile point is also on display.

[Manis Mastodon, Cast of Rib with Embedded Object; The rib bone holds an object that is embedded 0.75 inches deep, and tapers to a point. The wound is thought to be a penetration fracture showing several months of healing. Museum and Arts Center, Sequim, Washington.|alt=A photograph of about five inches of a long, narrow bone. The break is jagged. At one end a spiky piece of a different material protrudes from the bone. The bone is on a grey backer with a plaque beneath it with some text explaining the embedded spear point..]

In Oct. 2011, the Center of the Study of the First Americans (CSFA), Anthropology Department at Texas A&M University published findings from DNA tests, CT scans and radiocarbon dating on the mastodon and the spear point. The CT scan clearly established the spear point had been sharpened to a needle point by human hands. Four radiocarbon dates yielded an age of 13,860-13,763 calendar years BP.

Since the 1950s, archaeologists have believed the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America and that they lived here 13,000 years ago. However the discovery of sites pre-dating Clovis, such as Monte Verde in Chile and Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania, have been challenging this presumption at least since the 1990s.[19] The Manis Mastodon Site is 800 years older than the Clovis people. This site, among others, is helping to change the long-held beliefs of many archaeologists about the earliest human inhabitants of North America. The Manis Mastodon Site remains the oldest archaeological site on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State and one of the oldest in North America.

In November 2011, Shirley Manis, daughter of discoverer Emanuel Manis, authored the first and only children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site, which includes the most recent research analysis.[20]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19] Meltzer (2009)

[20] Shirley Manis, In a Scoop of Dirt - How Digging a Pond Changed North America's Prehistory, 2011.

title: Manis Mastodon Site

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the discovery of the site?

answer: The Manis Mastodon Site is a archaeological site on the Olympic Peninsula near Sequim in Washington, which yielded the remains of an American mastodon with an embedded bone projectile made by human hands. The site is 800 years older than the Clovis people. This finding is significant because it is changing the long-held beliefs of many archaeologists about earliest human inhabitants of North America.

text: The answer describes the site but does not pertain to its discovery.

text: The answer does not mention Emanuel Manis.

refinement: In 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis discovered tusks of an American mastodon on his property.

text: The answer does not mention Dr. Carl Gustafson's excavation.

refinement: In 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis discovered tusks of an American mastodon on his property. Dr. Carl Gustafson led an archaeological excavation and found a rib bone that had the bone of a different mastadon embedded in it.

answer: Emanuel Manis, a farmer, was digging on his property with a backhoe on August 8, 1977 when he found the tusks of an American mastodon. Dr. Carl Gustafson of Washington State University then led an archaeological excavation that found a rib bone that had what appeared to be a spear point made from the bone of a different mastodon embedded in it.

answer: The Manis Mastodon Site is an archaeological site on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State where an American mastodon has a bone projectile lodged in its rib. The site is believed to be from before 12,000 years ago, making it 800 years older than the Clovis people. This discovery is helping to change long-held beliefs about the earliest human inhabitants of North America.

text: Much of the answer is not relevant to the question.

refinement: where an American mastodon has a bone projectile lodged in its rib.

text: The answer does not mention Dr. Carl Gustafson.

refinement: Dr. Carl Gustafson led an excavation, during which an American mastodon was discovered with a bone projectile lodged in its rib.

text: The answer does not mention Emanuel Manis.

refinement: In 1977, a farmer named Emanual Manis discovered the tusks of an American mastodon on his property. Dr. Carl Gustafson led an excavation, during which an American mastodon was discovered with a bone projectile lodged in its rib.

answer: On August 8, 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis was digging his family property with a backhoe when he found the tusks of an American mastodon.  The bones of the mastodon were sent to be analyzed where they found that there was evidence of early human-mastodon interaction.

text: The answer does not mention Dr. Carl Gustafson.

refinement: On August 8, 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis was digging his family property with a backhoe when he found the tusks of an American mastodon.  Dr. Carl Gustafson conducted an archaeological excavation and found a rib bone with a spear point made from the bone of a different mastadon embedded in it. The bones of the mastodon were sent to be analyzed where they found that there was evidence of early human-mastodon interaction.

text: The statement about the bones being sent to be analyzed is unattested.

refinement: On August 8, 1977, a farmer named Emanuel Manis was digging his family property with a backhoe when he found the tusks of an American mastodon.  Dr. Carl Gustafson conducted an archaeological excavation and found a rib bone with a spear point made from the bone of a different mastadon embedded in it. The bones of the mastodon were considered to be evidence of early human-mastodon interaction.

answer: Per the text, the discovery was made in 1977 by a farmer named Emanuel Manis. He was digging his property with a backhoe when he found tusks of an American mastodon. His finding was then examined by Dr. Abel Gustafson of Washington State University. However, when it became clear that Gustafson's discovery had found a bone from a different mastodon with a projectile point embedded in it, there was speculation about about the point's origin and whether it was a human. There was also the insistence of some that the tampered mastodon carcass showed that the point was embedded in it before the mastodon died. This allowed Gustafson to posit that the humans were responsible for the latter. Gustafson's findings were tipped by a new study of the remains, which definitively concluded that the bones were tampered with by humans. Gustafson ended his excavation in the site in 1979. The creatures wouldn't vanish from his mind as his interest in the subject would tie him to the excavation of another 21 mastodons for his doctoral dissertation.

text: The second half of the answer does not pertain to the discovery of the site.

refinement: Per the text, the discovery was made in 1977 by a farmer named Emanuel Manis. He was digging his property with a backhoe when he found tusks of an American mastodon. His finding was then examined by Dr. Abel Gustafson of Washington State University. However, when it became clear that Gustafson's discovery had found a bone from a different mastodon with a projectile point embedded in it, there was speculation about about the point's origin and whether it was a human.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about the Clovis people?

answer: The text says that archaeologists have believed the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America and that they lived here about 13,000 years ago. Meeting the disagreement of archaeologists, the discovery of pre-Clovis human stays in places like the Manis Mastadon Site that is 800 years old, altogether raised concerns and made archaeologists reconsider their long-held beliefs.

text: The phrasing of the second sentence could be improved for better coherence.

refinement: The text says that archaeologists have believed the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America and that they lived here about 13,000 years ago. This belief has been challenged by the discovery of sites pre-dating Clovis, such as the Manis Mastadon Site, which is 800 years older than the Clovis people.

answer: Since the 1950s, archaeologists believed that the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America and that they lived there 13,000 years ago. However, the Manis Mastodon Site is 800 years older than the Clovis people, and several other sites have been found which pre-date Clovis, such as Monte Verde in Chile and Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania.

answer: According to the text, the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America who lived 13,000 years ago. However, the Manis Mastodon Site is about 800 years older than the Clovis people, making it one of the oldest archaeological sites in North America.

text: The answer could go into more detail about how the discovery of sites like the Manis Mastadon Site challenge beliefs about the Clovis people.

refinement: According to the text, the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants of North America who lived 13,000 years ago. However, the Manis Mastodon Site is about 800 years older than the Clovis people, making it one of the oldest archaeological sites in North America. The discovery of sites like the Manis Mastadon Site, Monte Verde in Chile, and Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania challenge the belief that the Clovis people were the first human inhabitants.

answer: The text says that the Manis Mastodon Site, which is 800 years old, is older than the Clovis people. The Clovis people are believed to have been the first human inhabitants of North America, though this has been challenged.

text: The answer could be clearer about how the belief has been challenged.

refinement: The text says that the Manis Mastodon Site, which is 800 years old, is older than the Clovis people. The Clovis people are believed to have been the first human inhabitants of North America, though this has been challenged by the discovery of sites like the Manis Mastadon site, Monte Verde in Chile, and Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania.

answer: No answer

text: The answer should summarize the belief about the Clovis people and how that belief has been challenged.

refinement: The Clovis people were believed to be the first human inhabitants of North America, who lived there 13,000 years ago. The discovery of sites that pre-date the Clovis people, such as Monte Verde in Chile, Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania, and the Manis Mastadon Site, have challenged that belief.

question:
Answer the following question based on the above passage:

What does the text say about Emanuel Manis's family?

answer: The text mentions that Emanuel Manis discovered the remains of a mastodon and an embedded projectile point made from the bone from a different mastodon while digging on his property. The site is now owned and managed by the National Archaeological Conservancy, and a casting of the bone projectile point is on display at the Sequim Museum. Shirley Manis, daughter of the discoverer, authored a children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: The embedded projectile point was discovered by Dr. Carl Gustafson, not Emanuel Manis.

refinement: The text mentions that Emanuel Manis discovered the remains of a mastodon while digging on his property. The site is now owned and managed by the National Archaeological Conservancy, and a casting of the bone projectile point is on display at the Sequim Museum. Shirley Manis, daughter of the discoverer, authored a children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: The second sentence is not relevant to the question.

refinement: The text mentions that Emanuel Manis discovered the remains of a mastodon while digging on his property. Shirley Manis, daughter of the discoverer, authored a children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: The answer does not mention Clare.

refinement: The text mentions that Emanuel Manis discovered the remains of a mastodon while digging on his property. During the excavation, Emanuel and his wife Clare welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. Shirley Manis, daughter of the discoverer, authored a children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: Does not mention Clare's actions as Emanuel's widow.

refinement: The text mentions that Emanuel Manis discovered the remains of a mastodon while digging on his property. During the excavation, Emanuel and his wife Clare welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. In 2002, a widowed Clare donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Shirley Manis, daughter of the discoverer, authored a children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

answer: Clare, the senator's widow, welcomed the public over 50,000 times during the excavation. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley Manis, wrote a children's picture book about the site.

text: Clare was Manis's wife, not the senator's widow.

refinement: Emanuel and Clare Manis welcomed the public over 50,000 times during the excavation. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley Manis, wrote a children's picture book about the site.

text: The answer does not mention Clare's actions as Emanuel's widow.

refinement: Emanuel and Clare Manis welcomed the public over 50,000 times during the excavation. In 2002, a widowed Clare donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley Manis, wrote a children's picture book about the site.

answer: Emanuel Manis was a farmer. He found the tusks of an American Mastodon in 1977. His daughter, Shirley, wrote the only book on the excavation, but no other members are discussed.

text: The first two sentences are not relevant to the question.

refinement: His daughter, Shirley, wrote the only book on the excavation, but no other members are discussed.

text: It is not true that no other family members are discussed; Clare Manis is also mentiond.

refinement: During the excavation, Clare and Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley, wrote the only book on the excavation.

text: Shirley wrote the only children's book on the excavation, not the only book.

refinement: During the excavation, Clare and Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley, wrote the only children's picture book on the excavation.

text: The answer does not mention Clare's actions as Emanuel's widow.

refinement: During the excavation, Clare and Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. In 2002, a widowed Clare donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Emanuel's daughter, Shirley, wrote the only children's picture book on the excavation.

answer: The text describes Emanuel Manis as a farmer who discovered the remains of an American mastodon while excavating his property. The unearthed mastodon was found with what appeared to be a projectile made of bone from another mastodon embedded in its rib. Upon finding the remains, Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. In 1978, the Manis site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. On the 25th anniversary of the discovery, Emanuel Manis's widow donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. The mastodon remains were donated to the Sequim Museum & Arts where they are on display. Shirley Manis, daughter of Emanuel Manis, authored the first children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: Many of these details are not relevant to the question.

refinement: Upon finding the remains, Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. On the 25th anniversary of the discovery, Emanuel Manis's widow donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Shirley Manis, daughter of Emanuel Manis, authored the first children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

text: The answer does not mention Clare Manis.

refinement: Upon finding the remains, Clare and Emanuel Manis welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site. On the 25th anniversary of the discovery, Emanuel Manis's widow donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Shirley Manis, daughter of Emanuel Manis, authored the first children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site.

answer: Clare and her husband Emanuel welcomed over 50,000 visitors to the site during the years of the excavation. In 2002, on the 25th anniversary of the discovery, Clare donated the site to the National Archaeological Conservancy. Finally, in November 2011, Emanuel's daughter Shirley Manis authored the first and only children's picture book about the Manis Mastodon Site, which includes some of the most recent research analysis.


text:
Wrote this in AP Lang.

"Don't worry. I'll protect you."

"Shut up! You're being too panicky."

"We'll your belligerence isn't helping anything!"

"Nor are whimsy promises. I know you're trying to improve things, and I admit, our situation is pretty lamentable. But all the agonizing pain they cause us is worth it as long as I'm alone... With you... In this padded room..."

title: No Jagged Edges - A 55 word story

question: Are the characters in the story in a psychiatric ward?

answer: It seems that way.

text: The usage of the term "padded room" should tip you off.

refinement: It seems that way, as they are in a padded room, which is usually related to a psychiatric ward.

text: No answer.

answer: From the dialogue, it seems like the characters are in a psychiatric ward. They are discussing their "lamentable" situation and how they are willing to suffer for each other.

text: The usage of the term "padded room" is an American colloquialism that should tip you off.

refinement: From the dialogue, it seems like the characters are in a psychiatric ward. They are discussing their "lamentable" situation and how they are willing to suffer for each other. They also use the term "padded room", which typically is related to a psychiatric ward.

answer: It might be implied that they are because of the mention of a padded room, violent behaviour and unfavourable treatment.

text: The term "padded room" is usually related to a psychiatric ward.

refinement: It might be implied that they are because of the mention of a padded room, violent behaviour and unfavourable treatment. There is mention of a "padded room".

question: What is the relationship between the two characters?

answer: It is not stated.

answer: The two characters seem to be in love with each other, despite the difficult situation they are in.

text: I don't know that this implies that they're in love-it doesn't feel like substantial evidence.

refinement: The two characters seem to be connected to one another, despite the difficult situation they are in.

answer: It can be deduced that they are roommates.

text: "...But all the agonizing pain they cause us is worth it as long as I'm alone... With you... In this padded room..."

answer: The two characters are in a relationship.

text: "To be in a relationship" in American English usually implies romantic, and we don't have enough information to reach that conclusion here.

refinement: The two characters seem to know each other.