text:
Mother knows best. At least it's true for a pile of successful founders and CEOs who point to their mothers for steering them in the right directions. Check out the stellar advice they say they'll never forget.

1. Always remember where you came from.

"My mom was tough with me on my academic achievements and always expected the best from me and my siblings. But she led by example, graduating at the top of her class from med school, getting a master's while we were in elementary school, and a PhD she finished just two years ago. She did all of this while working full time. Her continuous striving for knowledge and personal growth is inspiring to me as a woman. One of the most memorable pieces of advice she gave me was 'Never forget where you came from.'  This is a sentence I have never forgotten, living now so far from where I grew up--Tijuana--and in such a different reality. I remind myself constantly of the blessings I've received and now to be where I am. Remembering where you came from is also remembering who has been with you all along."

--Alexandra Zatarain, co-founder of Eight, a nonwearable sleep tracker that senses and analyzes more than 15 factors from a person's sleep patterns and bedroom environment, to determine the conditions that encourage optimal rest

2. Don't go to jail.

"Our mother always told us that confidence is what will make or break whatever you do, whether it comes to relationships or work. Be confident in your decisions but still take ownership of your mistakes. [Doing so] makes you more credible in the long term. That, and don't go to jail."

--Emily Motayed and Lee Mayer, sisters and co-founders of the online interior design platform Havenly

3. Never take shortcuts.

"My mother and I are close, and one of the best pieces of advice she has given was that throughout life's journey, never take shortcuts and always trust your employees by showing them respect. This always shows integrity, and helps empower and encourage everyone to work together and do their best."

--Constantin Bisanz, founder and CEO of on-the-go wellness company Aloha

4. Wake up with a smile or change something.

"Work hard and have fun. The more hours you invest, the more you get things done. But it is also key to remember that if you don't wake up with a smile, do something else. Simple as that."

--Magnus Larsson, CEO of Rebtel, a mobile communications company offering unlimited international calling to mobile phones and landlines for a nominal monthly rate

5. Build something you love.

"I grew up an only child, raised by a single mother. My mother worked her ass off to raise me, and it wasn't easy. She taught me to work hard to cultivate and build something you love, and something special: In her case, it was me. In my case--right now--it's [my app], Overnight. I'm lucky that I got to see this kind of work ethic, and it's the most impactful example that has shaped me into who I am today. No matter how hard it could be, just keep climbing, and something great will come out of it. That's your only choice when you have something special you're bringing up."

--Asher Hunt, co-founder and CEO of Overnight, an app for booking last-minute spaces with local hosts

6. Always stay active.

"My mother has always represented persistence, confidence, and a can-do attitude. She regularly woke up at 4:30 a.m. to drive me to crew practice and then jump in a boat herself to learn to row and race in the master's program. Next, she took on golf and at 60-plus years old is regularly ranked in the top women at PGA National and Jonathan's Landing clubs in Florida. My parents supported my brother and me in any undertaking we embarked on, as long as we agreed to give it our all."

--Erin Sykes, founder and CEO of Mission 360, a curated community dedicated to empowering people seeking a stronger body, enriched spirit, and expanded mind

7. Stay exactly the way you are.

"My mum is a true fighter ... She always motivated me to push my limits and elevate to excellence in any space that I was in. I have a Christmas card that I still carry with me in my wallet every day. It must have been more than 10 years ago that I got it and it translates to: 'Dear Pia, Stay exactly the way you are--headstrong, determined, with your heart in the right place.'"

--Pia Poppenreiter, co-founder and CEO of Ohlala, a paid dating app that connects people to instant dates on demand

8. Everything is possible.

"My mother is an amazing woman who is a little eccentric and has the strongest momentum. I think the best advice she's ever given me is that everything is possible and the world is yours, and to remember that everything is created by people who are no smarter than you."

--Michael Cassau, founder and CEO of ByeBuy, a startup that grants unlimited access to gadgets via a subscription program.

9. Know which pocket to reach into.

"My mom is a fascinating woman. Beautiful as she is brilliant, she could've spent her life immersed in academic or professional pursuits had she not birthed me and my sisters. Instead, this highly educated, accomplished woman chose to focus all her efforts on raising us and caring for our every need. She would always say that in one pocket you keep a note that says 'the whole world was built for me' and in the other pocket a note that says 'my only purpose is to serve others.' All of life is knowing when to reach into which pocket. As I grow older, I keep discovering new layers of depth to this saying."

--Asher Weinberger, co-founder and CEO of Twillory, a New York City-based startup that provides quality dress shirts at a fair price

10. Take risks and go on adventures.

"My mom has taught me how to be independent, while always putting family first. When I broke both knees while kite surfing, she took care of me and still encouraged me to get back out there once I was healed. Starting when I was 4 years old, she would send me to Argentina alone to spend the summer with my grandparents and cousins. At first, this was a terrifying experience, but over time I become quite the little world traveler. When it comes to work-life balance, my mom is a total rock star. She has always had her own successful business, while juggling family and lots of overseas adventures."

--Eric Sanchez, founder and CEO of the smart action camera company REVL

question: What does the text say about fatherly advice?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the text does not discuss fatherly advice.

critique: The text does not mention fatherly advice.

critique: There is no mention of fatherly advice in the text.

question: What does the text say about Alexandra Zatarain?

answer: Alexandra Zatarain is the co-founder of Eight, a nonwearable sleep tracker that senses and analyzes more than 15 factors from a person's sleep patterns and bedroom environment, to determine the conditions that encourage optimal rest. Alexandra grew up in Tijuana, Mexico and shares that her mother was tough with her on her academic achievements and always expected the best from her and her siblings. Alexandra's mother led by example, graduating at the top of her class from med school, getting a master's while they were in elementary school, and a PhD she finished just two years ago. Alexandra's mom did all this while working full time. Alexandra's mom always reminds her to "never forget where you came from" - a sentence Alexandra says she has never forgotten.

critique: The answer should mention that Alexandra's mother is inspirational to her.

critique: The highlighted text is irrelevant and redundant.

critique: The answer is a copy and paste of the passage. It should be rewritten to include only the relevant information.

critique: The final sentence is unnecessary and should be omitted.

question: What does the text say about Magnus Larsson?

answer: Magnus Larsson is a co-founder and CEO of Rebtel, a mobile communications company that offers unlimited international calling to mobile phones and land lines. According to the text, Larsson grew up as an only child and says that regardless of how hard it could be, you must just keep climbing. The hard work will always pay off eventually. Larsson's mother always put family first, but had a successful business of her own and encouraged and supported her son in all his undertakings. She would always say that in one pocket, keep a note that says "the whole world is for me" and in the other pocket, "my only purpose is to serve others."

critique: The answer is a summary of the text, not a description of Larsson.

critique: This response includes information that can't be verified either way and sticks a lot of unnecessary information into it.

critique: The answer is about Larsson's mother and not Larsson.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The answer should mention that Larsson is the CEO of Rebtel.

text: "According to the text, Larsson grew up as an only child and says that regardless of how hard it could be, you must just keep climbing. The hard work will always pay off eventually. Larsson's mother always put family first, but had a successful business of her own and encouraged and supported her son in all his undertakings. She would always say that in one pocket, keep a note that says "the whole world is for me" and in the other pocket, "my only purpose is to serve others." - this is incorrect and talks about someone else, not Larsson.

question: What does the text say about Michael Cassau?

answer: Michael Cassau is the founder and CEO of ByeBuy, a startup that grants unlimited access to gadgets via a subscription program. Cassau says that his mother is a fascinating woman who is beautiful and brilliant. She could've spent her life immersed in academic or professional pursuits, but instead chose to focus on raising him and his sisters.

critique: The last sentence is not relevant to the question.

critique: The answer should mention that his mother's advice is that "everything is possible."

critique: The answer should mention the advice his mother gave him.

critique: Cassau's mother's advice is not relevant to the question.

critique: Cassau's mother is not the only one who could've pursued a career, but chose to focus on raising him and his sisters.

critique: Cassau doesn't say that his mother's beauty is at all relevant

critique: Cassau's mother is not beautiful and brilliant.

critique: Cassau's mother is not quoted saying she could've pursued a career.

text: "Cassau says that his mother is a fascinating woman who is beautiful and brilliant. She could've spent her life immersed in academic or professional pursuits, but instead chose to focus on raising him and his sisters." - this is incorrect and describes another CEO, not Cassau.


split: train

text:
Residential energy is saved and vulnerable gain skills through behaviour change project.

With a quarter of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK coming from the residential sector, there’s a need to find new ways to help households reduce energy use. While some of this is related to building condition and type, much is related to the way people use energy. In the last two years we have been working to tackle this issue in Wiltshire homes, and meanwhile provide a social benefit.

Here’s how to reach more than 20,000 subscribers that are interested in green economy content

The project, Achieve, began life in Frankfurt five years ago to address the combined issues of high fuel costs and rising unemployment. In Germany if you’re unemployed the state covers your energy bills, so an idea was born to tackle both issues at once. Achieve trains and supports the unemployed to provide energy advice directly to vulnerable consumers – often their peers – in their homes, resulting in saved energy, changed behaviours and meanwhile helping people reintegrate into the job market.

At Severn Wye Energy Agency, an independent charity and not-for-profit that promotes sustainable energy, we spotted the potential and with European funding partnered with Wiltshire Council to run a series of training programmes. The programmes provide advice to residents struggling to pay energy bills and, meanwhile, the local unemployed to gain valuable new skills. To date we’ve trained seven advisers, helped more than 200 families and, as a consortium, reached over 1,700 homes in France, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Germany.

Gary Hardman of Trowbridge, who first became interested in Achieve through his local Job Centre Plus in the summer of 2012 has now undertaken more than 100 visits, and said: “I had never thought of working in this area, but I’m finding it really exciting and I have already found loads of ways to save in my own home.”

Achieve involves two free home visits. During the first, the trained advisers assess the home including bills and areas where energy is being wasted. This could include: the use of tungsten or halogen lighting, appliances routinely left on standby, or draughty doors and windows. The adviser then assesses which of a number of simple energy-saving devices may offer the greatest benefits for the household based on their current energy tariffs, and critically what this will mean for them in financial terms. On the second visit, the adviser installs the most appropriate devices and presents a report outlining their findings – including the time the original investment will take to be repaid to the household.

Key to the design of Achieve was that we did not want to rely completely on the ability of people to make long-term changes to their behaviour in order to make savings. Rather, we wanted to show people some small savings that they could make by installing simple devices. Through this, people are educated about the cost of specific appliances and will motivate others to go further with their own behaviour change.

One particular device that has proved successful in the savings reached and in its acceptance by clients is the retrofitting of halogen down lighters with LED equivalents. Having limited funding, we were usually only able to install one or two bulbs – an array typically has between three and five bulbs, and some households have more than 10 50-watt bulbs. This gave the client the opportunity to test the technology and to consider the return on further investment. During return visits we were pleasantly surprised to find a number of clients, despite their limited budget, had invested in further LEDs.

We also focused on highlighting the cost of appliances on standby, such as obsolete and unused video-players costing over £30 a year. While the savings are quite modest for individual modern appliances cumulatively they can soon add up. Where funding prevented us from installing a device, we were still able to translate the energy use into monetary terms for the resident, and it is this translation that we believe is key. Combined with educational material and remote support, we caught resident’s interest and have seen them take further energy-saving steps themselves.

In some cases the project has been able to go further and help households to access funding toward heating and insulation measures. One client in Melksham commented: “Top service. Thanks to your report, our housing association funded our switch from Economy 7 storage heaters to full gas central heating, making savings of about £45 a week.”

Climate change discussions and calls to reduce emissions will only go so far, and with so many people. But innovative projects like Achieve demonstrate how behaviour change can be achieved through tailored advice and a focus on the bottom line.

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Source: THEGUARDIAN

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question: What does the text say about carbon dioxide levels in London?

answer: No answer

critique: There's no direct mention of carbon dioxide emissions in London in the text, but the article says that a quarter of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK comes from the residential sector, which means London is included.

critique: The answer should mention that the text doesn't mention carbon dioxide levels in London.

question: What does the text say about the Achieve project?

answer: The Achieve project began life in Frankfurt five years ago to address the combined issues of high fuel costs and rising unemployment. It trains and supports the unemployed to provide energy advice directly to vulnerable consumers - often their peers - in their homes, resulting in saved energy, changed behaviors, and helping people reintegrate into the job market.

critique: The answer should mention the project's success in Wiltshire.

critique: They train and support the unemployed to provide energy advice despite the unemployment being a German matter.

question: What does the text say about the Achieve process?

answer: Achieve involves two free home visits. During the first, the trained advisers assess the home including bills and areas where energy is being wasted. This could include the use of tungsten or halogen lighting, appliances routinely left on standby, or draughty doors and windows. The adviser then assesses which of a number of simple energy-saving devices may offer the greatest benefits for the household based on their current energy tariffs, and critically what this will mean for them in financial terms. On the second visit, the adviser installs the most appropriate devices and presents a report outlining their findings.

critique: The answer should mention the retrofitting of halogen down lighters with LED equivalents.

critique: The answer should mention that the second visit is to install the devices.

critique: The answer should mention that the device that has proved successful is the retrofitting of halogen down lighters with LED equivalents.

critique: The answer should mention that the second visit also involves retrofitting.

question: What does the text say about changing behavior?

answer: The Achieve project trains and supports the unemployed to provide energy advice directly to vulnerable consumers. This saves energy, along with changing behaviors and helping people reintegrate into the job market. The Achieve project also relies on making small energy-saving changes to appliances.

critique: The answer should mention that Achieve focuses on the bottom line.

critique: It is omitted that the Achieve project relies on translating the energy use into monetary terms for the residents.

critique: The second sentence is unnecessary and redundant.

text: The last sentence is unnecessary.

category: coherence


text:
Ever wondered why René Magritte’s painting “The Son of Man” was like that? Here my take on how the painting came to be.

Once upon a time, before a performance, famous actor Charlie Chaplin got hungry and ate an apple. He was so hungry; in fact, that he forgot about the apple’s core and accidentally ate the whole thing without thinking. It was too late when he noticed this, so he just said “Aw, whatever,” and never thought about it again.

The years passed by. Charlie Chaplin continued to do what he loves best and that is to act. However, during that time, a strange occurrence happened. He began to feel something grow in his face. It worried him greatly yet did not do anything about it. But then one day, he saw it. He was looking at himself in front of a mirror and saw that a plant, a branch was growing straight from his face. He was greatly surprised and then he realized that is was from the apple he ate so many years ago. The seeds he ate somehow got stuck and grew from his face.

Charlie Chaplin was terrified. He didn’t even try to show it to any other person. So, suddenly, he shut himself from people, from the world. Of course, the world couldn’t let this matter go. They searched for him, to know why he disappeared. But they couldn’t find him. Charlie Chaplin was simply gone. More years passed and eventually, people let go.

Save for one man. A man, for reasons, shall not be named. This man, a painter, spent years finding Charlie. He never gave up, even when others did. On the other hand, Charlie Chaplin himself went into hiding whilst the plant continued to grow on his face. It grew too much that a fruit, an apple sprouted from its branches. The fruit covered his face. He couldn’t see anymore, he was blinded.

Thus, it was that fateful day that Charlie Chaplin roamed the streets, blind, not knowing where to go, with an apple on his face. The painter passed by and noticed the apple-faced man. The painter’s eyes opened wide for he knew this man. The man he was searching for all these years. This man was Charlie Chaplin.

The painter went closer to Charlie, who stood just there, motionless, apple-faced. So, he had a burst of emotion and just brought out his materials and painted him. When he was done, curiosity got the better of him and his hand was bought to Charlie’s face and he picked the apple straight from Charlie’s face.

But, there was no face. Charlie’s face was blank. The painter looked at the fruit in his hand and there it was: Charlie’s face was in the apple. The painter looked to where Charlie was and saw he was gone.

Sometime later, the painter found himself in a dark forest. It was nighttime and all he had was his flashlight. Suddenly, he got this feeling someone was following him. He ran and ran but it was to no avail. The follower caught up to him.

The painter looked back and saw a tall suited man. The most remarkable about this man was that he had no face. Then it hit the painter. Charlie Chaplin. Slenderman. Before a single word escaped his lips, Slenderman was in front of the painter.

“Wait! Before you kill me,” the painter says. “Let me eat this apple first.”

And so, the painter took the apple from his pocket. The same apple that he picked from Charlie Chaplin’s face years ago. He put it to his lips and took a single bite.

But it was not an apple.

The fruit he bit into was a tomato.

title: [MS] The Son of Man

question: What does the story say about the painter?

answer: A man, for reasons that shall not be named, spent years finding Charlie Chaplin. He never gave up, even when others did. Sometime later, the painter found himself in a dark forest. He was chased by a tall suited man, Charlie Chaplin. The man had no face. The painter remembered the apple he picked from Charlie Chaplin's face years ago. He put it to his lips and took a single bite. However, it was not an apple. The fruit he bit into was a tomato.

critique: The story doesn't say the painter was chasing Charlie Chaplin.

critique: There is no evidence in the passage that mentions that the painter was chased by a tall suited man.

critique: The answer is a summary of the story, not a description of the painter.

question: What does the story say about itself being a silly one?

answer: No answer

critique: This answer is wrong. The story said it's a silly one because the artist meets Charlie Chaplin, Charlie grows a plant from the apple and Charlie then grow into a fruit and disappeared. Include this answers in the response to make it answer the question properly and make it right.


text:
[General Napoleon Bonaparte, commander of the Armée d'Italie on the bridge at Arcole]

The ARMY OF ITALY () was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present, it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars (in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, during his Italian campaign) and Napoleonic Wars.

History

[French Army entering Rome in 1798]

Bonaparte's reforms

Poorly supplied (uniforms and shoes were rare), and only getting reinforcements irregularly, the Army of Italy was sometimes reduced to looting to survive. When Bonaparte arrived (he took up command on 27 March 1796), indiscipline was rife. Chouan songs were sung by the troops, and a company of the Dauphin was formed. All the while improving the supply system as much as possible, Bonaparte also reestablished discipline. He condemned officers who had cried _Vive le roi !_, (English: “Live the king!”), dismissed the 13th regiment of hussards for indiscipline and dissolved an entire regiment when it revolted at the end of March. Purged in this way, the Army of Italy was subsequently the most Jacobin of all the French armies.

Its first victories improved things - allowing better resupply and easing pay problems through “war contributions” from the conquered lands - but memoirs (though not official communiques) speak of individual or collective failures right up to 1797.

Reserve army

Much of the original Armée d'Italie became the Army of Egypt. Another army, originally called the armée de Réserve, was formed at Dijon on 8 March 1800 (17 ventôse year VIII) and took the title Armée d'Italie on 23 June 1800 (4 messidor year VIII) when it was merged with the remains of the original Armée d'Italie. The new army's first commander was Masséna, followed by Bonaparte (as First Consul and “Commander in person”) and général Berthier (its 'Général en chef' from 2 April to 23 June 1800).[1] It was under Berthier that this army beat the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800 (25 prairial year 8).[2]

Commanders

-   from 7 November to 25 December 1792: General d'Anselme, with neither the title nor the prerogative of a general
-   from 26 December 1792 to 9 February 1793, interim: _maréchal de camp_ Brunet
-   from 10 February to 4 May 1793: General Biron
-   from 5 May to 8 August 1793: General Brunet ; from 2 June subordinate to General Kellermann
-   from 9 August 1793 to 20 November 1794: General du Merbion
-   Army before Toulon (_Armée devant Toulon_):
    -   from 5 September to 6 November 1793: General Carteaux
    -   from 7 to 12 November, interim: General La Poype
    -   from 13 to 15 November, provisionally until the arrival of General Dugommier: General Doppet
    -   from 16 November to 28 December: General Dugommier with the title of General and commander of the Army of Italy (_général en chef de armée d'Italie_)
-   from 21 November 1794 to 5 May 1795: General Schérer
-   from 6 May to 28 September 1795: General Kellermann,[3] commanded the merged Army of Italy and Army of the Alps (_armée des Alpes_), with the designation of the Army of Italy
-   from 29 September 1795 to 26 March 1796: General Schérer, resigned
-   from 27 March 1796 to 16 November 1797: General Bonaparte
-   from 17 November to 21 December 1797, interim: General Kilmaine
-   from 22 December 1797 to 3 April 1798: General Berthier
-   from 4 April to 27 July 1798: General Brune
-   from 28 July to 18 August 1798, interim: General Gaultier
-   from 19 August to 31 October 1798: General Brune
-   from 1 November 1798 to 31 January 1799: General Joubert, as part of the overall command of the Army of Rome (_armée de Rome_). From 11 to 25 December, the army's commander was effectively General Moreau.
-   from 1 February to 6 March: General Delmas
-   from 7 to 11 March 1799, provisional: General Bruneteto Sainte-Suzanne
-   from 12 March to 26 April 1799: General Schérer, as part of his overall command of the Army of Naples (_armée de Naples_)
-   from 27 April to 4 August 1799: General Moreau, as part of his overall command of the Army of Naples
-   from 5 to 15 August 1799: General Joubert, commander of both the Army of Italy and the Army of the Alps, killed at the battle of Novi
-   from 15 August to 20 September 1799: General Moreau
-   from 21 September to 30 December 1799: General Championnet
-   from 31 December 1799 to 5 January 1800: General Suchet[4]
-   from 6 to 15 January 1800, interim: General Marbot
-   from 16 January to 16 June 1800: General Masséna[5]
-   from 17 to 24 June 1800, interim: General Suchet
-   from 25 June to 21 August 1800: General Masséna
-   from 22 August 1800 to 7 March 1801: General Brune[6]
-   from 8 March to 27 August 1801, interim: General Moncey[7]

Campaigns and battles

-   21 September 1794 : First Battle of Dego (won thanks to its artillery commander, Bonaparte)
-   24 November 1795 : battle of Loano (unexploited victory) by Benedetto of Savoy, Duke of Chablais
-   First Italian Campaign
-   Second Italian Campaign

1805-1814

Armée d'Italie participated in the war of the Third Coalition (1805), in the battles of Verona and Caldiero in northern Italy, under André Massena. During the war of the Fifth Coalition (1809), Armée d'Italie was commanded by Eugène de Beauharnais, and fought the Austrians at Sacile, Caldiero, Piave, and Raab. In 1813-1814 Eugéne fought the Austrians with his army in northern Italy (Battle of Mincio).[8]

[1] “The consular magistracy was essentially civil, the principal of the division of powers and of ministers' responsibilities made it undesirable that the first magistrate of the Republic should be immediately in command of an Armée; but no disposition, just as no principle, would oppose that which was present ... As it turned out, the First Consul commanded the armée de réserve, and Berthier, his major général, took the title général en chef.” : Memoirs of Napoléon, volume VI, page 196

[2] Alexandre Berthier, Relation de la bataille de Marengo ...; Paris 1805. // Le Capitaine de Cugnac, Campagne de l’armée de Réserve en 1800; Paris 1900

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

title: Army of Italy (France)

question: Summarize the events that occurred in the time period of 1805-1814.

answer: This time period is described as the Third Italian Campaign. In 1805, the Armée d'Italie participated in the war of the Third Coalition.

critique: The answer omits the battles of Verona and Caldiero.

critique: The answer omits the battles the army fought in.

critique: The sentence should not contain all the details and be in the summary to avoid revealing other details encoded in the question. The model should rewrite the sentences to consolidate and keep only the most important information.

critique: The answer omits the events of the Fifth Coalition, which occurred in 1809.

critique: The response is missing several key details about the events that occurred in the time period of 1805-1814.

critique: The third Italian campaign was in the 1790s.

critique: The answer omits the events of the Fifth Coalition.

text: Remove the first sentence - there is no mention of a Third Italian Campaign in the text.

category: accuracy

question: Summarize the portion of the text discussing Bonaparte's reforms.

answer: Bonaparte took command of the army in 1796. He improved the supply system, reestablished discipline, and condemned officers who cried 'Vive le roi', or "Long live the king". He also dissolved a regiment when it revolted. The army was subsequently the most Jacobin of all the French armies.

critique: The answer omits the dismissal of the 13th regiment of hussards.

critique: The first sentence is a summary of a general topic and should be omitted.

critique: The answer should mention the poor state of the army.

critique: The answer omits the dismissal of the 13th regiment of hussards and the dissolution of an entire regiment.

critique: The information about the 13th regiment of hussards is irrelevant.

critique: The answer omits that Bonaparte purged the army, which improved its discipline.

critique: The answer should mention the dismissal of the 13th regiment of hussards.

question: Summarize the impact that would have been made by the many different commanders that were seen to command the Army of Italy.

answer: No answer

critique: Nothing of value is uncovered by the question, so a proper response will not be possible to offer.


text:
Joslyn,

I know I’m a bad guy, a jerk, the one you will remember as being the first to betray you. I was the first hand you held. I’m sure that you believe that how I acted was planned and prepared by a creature to be vilified. When I stopped answering your phone calls, stopped being there, you most likely believed it was all because I’m an ass.

You will never forgive me for what I did, letting you fall away from me in that manner and I understand. There is nothing I can do to change any of it. I could tell you I’m sorry, that if I was given the chance again I would do it differently, or that I wouldn’t let you go, but it would be a lie. It wouldn’t change what happened. It wouldn’t make much of a difference.

Explaining it to you in a way that anyone outside of me could understand is difficult. I think my actions were well intended, meant with love and hope for you, but those feelings and intentions won’t survive translation to words, cannot be properly transplanted to paper. Maybe, though, one day you will be able to decipher the thoughts I place on paper along with your own memories and find the meaning that I hoped to give you.

It was something that I felt I had to learn in a much harder way than I wanted you to learn. As I get older and older I am surer that I am better for having learned it. I can only hope that as you weather the years you will feel the same as I do.

When alone everything becomes harder, everywhere becomes colder. Home and heart are emptier. When there is no one to pick up a phone and call, when there is no one there to talk to, when that hand you held is taken away, it feels like losing part of yourself. I know, I’ve been there. I’ve had people who should always be there take their hand from mine and walk away. But as the days pass, cold and lonely days, a person learns how to be stronger, how to not be afraid of trying to move along alone. In time all the insecurities about what you can do, all the worries about letting others see you fall, the fears about what everyone says, and the self-doubts about who you are, all of them will fade away. It’s hard, but hold out, stay strong and bide your time, weather the storm of emotions and thoughts, endure. After you’ve gained your balance, once you feel yourself become steady, then make your break.

You don’t have to trust me, but trust yourself. Don’t give in to the fears of no one being there for you. Don’t be scared of something because you have no one to confirm your thoughts about it. Don’t worry about what other people think, what they say, or who you are. Today, in five minutes from now, or maybe one day in the distant future, all those people will all do the same thing that I did, they will all leave you. You will be the only one who has to live with the decisions that you made, not them. Respect your wishes, not those of others. Live up to your demands, no one else’s.

I am sorry that I had to step away from you. I held you hand for so long that it felt like part of me. I wish that I didn’t want you to be a stronger person. I wish that I didn’t believe making you stronger had to come at such a price. What I did, stepping away, was tougher for me than anything else I’ve ever done.

But, like I said, it was an experience that I grew up with, one that made me stronger. It made me a bigger, better, man than I was before. I would have never been able to become who I am if I had someone there by my side, supporting me, to fall back on, every step of the way. The steps I took in life wouldn’t have been risks. I wouldn’t know myself or have the faith in who I am to the extent that I do today.

I hope you can take everything in stride. Know that you may stumble, but its ok. When you find yourself down on your hands and knees, force yourself back up to your feet and take that step that caused you to trip.  I know that this isn’t how it is written in the stories, but everyone and everything you’ve ever known could never teach you to stand up on your own. It is a lesson you can only learn from the hands that let you go.

You will learn to walk alone.

title: Walking Alone (810 Words)

question: What does the story say about hands?

answer: The story begins with the narrator writing to Joslyn, a woman who has presumably broken up with him. He seems to have been her first love, and she believes he is a bad guy. He says he is sorry but knows she will never forgive him. He explains that he had to learn something the hard way and hopes she will feel the same. The narrator says that when you are alone, everything becomes harder. The narrator says that when someone you love walks away and leaves you, it feels like losing part of yourself.

critique: The narrator is writing to Joslyn, not to a woman who broke up with him.

critique: The answer should mention the narrator's advice to Joslyn.

critique: The response is full of unnecessary details that are not relevant to the question.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The response is missing the key point about hands that is discussed in the story.

question: What does the story say about strength?

answer: The narrator believes that strength comes from learning to walk alone. He believes that the person who lets go of you is the one who makes you stronger. He believes that the person who lets go of you is the one who makes you stronger.

critique: The second repetition of the same sentence is unnecessary.

critique: The narrator believes that strength comes from learning to walk alone. He believes that the person who lets go of you is the one who makes you stronger.

critique: The repetition of the same sentence is unnecessary.

critique: Correction for English (accents missing) in 'strength'

question: What does the story say about learning?

answer: The author teaches the message that it's hard to learn things on your own, but it's necessary to continue living. The author talks about their previous experience with letting people go and how it made them stronger as a person. The author states that letting a person go is necessary to grow.

critique: The author is not teaching the message that it's hard to learn things on your own, but it's necessary to continue living. The author talks about their previous experience with letting people go and how it made them stronger as a person. The author states that letting a person go is necessary to grow.

critique: The author is not teaching the message that it's hard to learn things on your own, but it's necessary to continue living.

critique: The author's purpose is not to teach a lesson.

critique: The author is not teaching the message that it's hard to learn things on your own, but that it's hard to learn things on your own.

critique: The author's experience with letting people go is not relevant to the question.

critique: The author is not teaching the message that it's hard to learn things on your own, but that it's necessary to continue living.

critique: The author's message is not that it's hard to learn things on your own, but that it's necessary to learn to walk alone.

critique: The narrator's actions are not the same as learning. The narrator wants the reader to learn how to walk alone.

question: What does the story say about Joslyn's appearance?

answer: No answer

critique: The passage does not mention Joslyn's appearance.


text:
The Hamburg Port Authority (HPA) has engaged in the most impressive Internet of Things (IoT) project that the logistics industry has seen. And their work is not yet done.

Sascha Westermann, the Head of ITS and Intermodal Traffic Management, spoke at SAPinsider on March 21st about HPA’s progress to date and future plans.

The Port of Hamburg is the second busiest container port in Europe, and is a key trade lane connecting Eastern Europe to Germany and the rest of the world. The HPA is in charge of providing efficient infrastructure in the port area: managing the real estate; making sure quay walls, bridges, wharves and other waterfront structures are maintained, maintaining 140 kilometers of roads and 130 bridges within the port area, and managing the traffic – across ocean, barge, rail, and truck – into and out of the port. Other parts of the infrastructure, like the 4 big container terminals, are managed by industrial companies.

Over 9 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) are transported through the port every year, and this is forecast to double by 2025. But the Hamburg Port is located in an urban area and they cannot increase the size of the port to handle increased traffic. To handle shipments efficiently, the HPA must operate smarter. Better traffic management also helps to minimize pollution. The port and city are impacted by up to 40,000 truck trips daily and no one wants those trucks spending a high amount of time idling.

To help keep traffic flowing smoothly, the HPA worked with big companies like SAP on a series of 20 projects collectively called smartPort Logistics. This work began five years ago. The SAP HANA Cloud Platform was used to enable a real-time connection to the port’s various stakeholders through a mobile business cloud. Those stakeholders include: the HPA itself; shippers; trucking, rail, and ocean carriers; customs authorities; terminals; contract warehouses; parking providers; and other businesses across the port. People, processes, and things data is then consolidated and analyzed using the SAP HANA Cloud Platform. The process data is based on an extended supply chain view that begins with a shipment from another port and can extend to inbound truck drivers hundreds of kilometers outside of Hamburg. Based on the analysis, HPA provides various types of schedules, tasks, and insights to the people who need it via their mobile devices.

Under the banner of smartPort logistics they have predictive and preventive maintenance capabilities. Mr. Westermann gave the example of a movable raise bridge that had a malfunction of a push button that raised and lowered the bridge. A maintenance technician got an emergency alert, was able to use his mobile tablet to search for the part in the SAP maintenance application and requisition it, and was then able to drive to the site and replace the part before any of the port’s customers even knew there was a problem. In some cases, maintenance can be based on sensor information. The Port Authority has sensors on their most intensely used rail switches, for example, and is experimenting with sensors that measure the structural strain and tension of a bridge.

Another smartPort application is known as the Port Monitor and is used for vessel traffic services (VTS). VTS is a marine traffic monitoring system similar to air traffic control for aircraft. VTS makes use of digitals maps combined with AIS data on the positions of vessels, and data on sea levels, berths, whether bridges are closed or open, and where construction is occurring.

Just as there is a control room for managing waterborne traffic, there are control rooms used to manage traffic on the railways, and roads, as well as for managing the movable infrastructure. About 300 traffic sensors and 270 kilometers of fiber optics feed data into these control rooms. Eventually these separate control rooms will be merged into one virtual control room to increase synergies.

The road traffic control room also pulls various streams of data to predict travel time into terminals and suggests alternative routes when traffic is heavy. In addition to traffic sensors, data sources include the schedule for bridges being raised and lowered, the situation at the container terminals, and other sources as well. Truckers can view this data on their telematics devices.

_Telematics Screen Shots_

Trucks are not allowed to enter the container terminals unless they have an appointment for a slot. If they will be late for their appointment, they must see if they can get a new slot or whether they must exit the port and wait until a new slot can be booked. Once entering the yard, very often a truck will be directed to a marshalling area to park bumper to bumper until traffic eases. This prevents idling. Smart parking capabilities direct trucks to lots with available space.

Smart traffic lights make sure a platoon of trucks get an extended green light through an intersection, while the smaller number of trucks on the cross street must wait. If pedestrians are crossing an intersection when the light is red, a safety warning message is sent to the vehicle to let them know of the danger associated with trying to beat the light. HPA is experimenting with functionality that will automatically increase street lighting if pedestrians or cyclists are present; and video streams that help to predict potential traffic accidents, for example, if a vehicle is stopped even though there is no traffic jam.

In concluding the presentation, Mr. Westermann made a variety of points. Slot management is key to increasing efficiencies and reducing pollution, but it even works better with the ability to pull the wide variety of data sources together. These data sources have included information from competing stakeholders, and role-based visibility had to be constructed in a way that preserved privacy and competitive information while providing useful information to all stakeholders. Much work went into creating a simple user interface, but nevertheless there have still been issues associated with getting truck drivers and other stakeholders to efficiently use the information that is available. And finally, the worse the traffic conditions, the higher the value this system provides.

Is this really the logistics industry’s most impressive IoT project?  Probably. It is certainly the most holistic use of data sources fed to a single platform for the purpose of increasing logistics efficiencies that ARC has ever come across.

question: What does the text say about the Port of Hamburg?

answer: The Port of Hamburg is the second busiest container port in Europe, and is a key trade lane connecting Eastern Europe to Germany and the rest of the world. The Port of Hamburg is located in an urban area and cannot increase the size of the port to handle increased traffic.

critique: The second sentence is not necessary to answering the question and can be removed.

critique: The answer could mention how the port handles traffic.

critique: The answer should mention the port's traffic.

question: What does the text say about truck traffic?

answer: The Hamburg Port is located in an urban area and cannot increase the size of the port to handle increased traffic. To handle shipments efficiently, the HPA must operate smarter. The HPA worked with big companies like SAP on a series of 20 projects collectively called smartPort Logistics. The road traffic control room also pulls various streams of data to predict travel time into terminals and suggests alternative routes when traffic is heavy. Smart traffic lights make sure a platoon of trucks get an extended green light through an intersection, while the smaller number of trucks on the cross street must wait. HPA is experimenting with functionality that will automatically increase street lighting if pedestrians or cyclists are present; and video streams that help to predict potential traffic accidents, for example, if a vehicle is stopped even though there is no traffic jam.

critique: The answer is irrelevant to the question.

critique: This is irrelevant to the question and should be omitted.

critique: The response is irrelevant to the question.

critique: The response contains irrelevant information not useful for the task.

critique: "The Hamburg Port is located in an urban area and cannot increase the size of the port to handle increased traffic. To handle shipments efficiently, the HPA must operate smarter." This is irrelevant because it's not about truck traffic.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

question: What does the text say about the cost of implementing the new logistics system?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the text does not mention the cost of the new logistics system.


text:
Béla Bánáthy}} BÉLA ANTAL BÁNÁTHY (born 1943 in Budapest, Hungary) is an American systems scientist, who teaches part-time at the International Systems Institute at the Saybrook Graduate School.

Biography

Bánáthy received his B.S. from California State University, Fresno in 1965, his M.S. in Information Science from Washington State University in 1969, and his Ph.D. in Educational Administration from the U.C. Berkeley, in 1991.

In 1969 he started working at the Monterey Peninsula College, where he chaired the Department of Computer Science and Information Systems from 1973 to 1997. From 1974 to 1990 he served as Director of the Computer Center. He joined Saybrook Graduate School as an adjunct faculty member in 1993 and teaches courses in Systems Inquiry.

Bánáthy has been an active member of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), and has served as Chair of the ISSS Council, Chair of the special interest group on Information Systems Design, on the Editorial Board of Applied Systems Studies, Organizational Transformation & Social Change, and the International Journal of Information Technologies & the Systems Approach. He was President of ISSS in 1999. He is a Research Fellow of the International Systems Institute,[1] a member of the General Evolutionary Research Group,[2] Member of the Executive Board of the Institute for 21st Century Agoras, and is working with the Foundations of Information Science research group.[3] Béla A. Bánáthy is the son of systems scientist Béla H. Bánáthy.

Work

Bánáthy's research interests are in the fields of “the general theories of systems, theories of evolution, the foundations of information science, design of information systems, and design of social systems”. His research in the new millennium has focussed on the “relationship between the ontological and epistemological aspects of complex systems, and the development of a corresponding approach to ecological as well as socio-cultural informatics”.[4]

Publications

Bánáthy has published “several articles in systems related publications including: Behavioral Science, BioSystems, Cybernetics and Systems, Information Systems Architecture and Technology, Systems Practice, Systems Research, and World Futures”.[5] A selection:

-   1990, _Proc. of the ISSS Int. Society for the Systems Sciences 34th Annual Conference_, Béla H. Bánáthy, & B. A. Banathy (Eds.), Portland, Oregon, 8–13 July 1990.
-   1991, _Examining performance in community colleges: Data envelopment analysis as a means of increasing the domain of inquiry_, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
-   1999, _Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences_, (eds.) Asilomar, CA, June 26 - July 2, 1999

Articles:

-   1996, “Design learning resources”. with: Jenks, L., Banathy, B. H., Christakis, A., Frantz, T., Hood, P., & Rowland, G. In G. Rowland (Ed.), _Proceedings of the seventh international conversation on social systems design_ (pp. 18–35). Carmel, CA: International Systems Institute.
-   1997, “Information, evolution, and change”, in: _Journal Systemic Practice and Action Research_. Springer Issue Volume 10, Number 1 / February, 1997.
-   1999, “An information typology for the understanding of social systems”, In _Systems Research and Behavioral Science_ 16(6), pp 479–494.
-   2000, “Navigating bounded and unbounded species” in: _Sys. Res._ 17 pp 481–484.

[1]

[2] General Evolutionary Research Group

[3]

[4] 2003 ISSS Annual Meeting and Conference, International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS). Retrieved 25 April 2008.

[5]

title: Béla A. Bánáthy

question: What does the text say about Banathy's education?

answer: Banathy received his B.S. from California State University, Fresno in 1965, his M.S. in Information Science from Washington State University in 1969, and his Ph.D. in Educational Administration from the U.C. Berkeley, in 1991.

critique: The answer should mention his undergraduate degree.

critique: The details of his education are irrelevant to the question.

critique: The answer should include the year he received his Ph.D.

critique: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

critique: The answer omits what majors he elected.

critique: The answer could be more specific about where Banathy received his Ph.D.

critique: The answer should mention his Ph.D. advisor.

question: What does the text say about Banathy's career?

answer: Banathy received his B.S. from California State University, Fresno in 1965, his M.S. in Information Science from Washington State University in 1969, and his Ph.D. in Educational Administration from the U.C. Berkeley, in 1991. He started working at the Monterey Peninsula College, where he chaired the Department of Computer Science and Information Systems from 1973 to 1997. From 1974 to 1990, he served as Director of the Computer Center. He joined Saybrook Graduate School as an adjunct faculty member in 1993 and teaches courses in Systems Inquiry.

critique: Minor spelling and stylistic errors are present in the answer.

critique: The answer should mention his research interests.

critique: The answer omits that Banathy has been an active member of the International Society for the Systems Sciences and has served as Chair of the ISSS Council.

critique: The answer omits that Banathy is an American systems scientist.

critique: The answer does not mention his research interests or publications.

question: What does the text say about Banathy's family?

answer: No answer

critique: The response misses to mention that Banathy is the son of systems scientist Béla H. Bánáthy.

critique: The response misses to mention that Banathy's father was a systems scientist.

critique: The answer should mention that Banathy is the son of systems scientist Béla H. Bánáthy.

critique: In the absence of a direct mention of Bánáthy's family, it's fair to say at least that he doesn't talk about them.


text:
You’ve heard that sitting too much is bad for your health, mainly because the lack of movement translates to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and other chronic conditions. To add insult to injury, it turns out that spending your day hunched over a computer also has major ramifications for your mental wellbeing.

The issue: Poor posture can put you in a lousy mood and make you feel more stressed and depressed.

“We’re a very forward-leaning society—we drive forward, lean forward, slouch over our desks all day,” says William Smith, an exercise physiologist in Morristown, New Jersey and co-author of_Exercises for Perfect Posture_. You probably spend a lot of time craning your neck over your smartphone, too.

No evidence proves that poor posture directly causes serious problems like clinical depression and anxiety. But a number of studies have suggested that it may exacerbate the symptoms of these disorders. Even if your mental health is generally solid, there are good reasons to think that you’d be happier—and healthier—if you simply sat and stood up straighter.

Here are three ways improving your posture can improve your emotional health, and exactly how to do it so you begin scoring the benefits.

YOU’LL FEEL HAPPIER AND MORE ENERGETIC

“Over time, sustained slumped-forward posture creates unnecessary stress and strains your spine,” says Steven D’Ambroso, a physical therapist with Professional Physical Therapy in New York. “That can make you feel heavy and achy, which leads to being tired and irritable.”

_READ MORE: 14 REAONS YOU’RE ALWAYS TIRED_

This isn’t just a theory; research has actually verified the connection between poor posture and fatigue, especially in people who have depression. One study, published last year in the_Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,_ found that patients with mild to moderate depression felt more alert after simply keeping their back and shoulders upright while sitting. They also reported less anxiety.

Another study, published in the journal _Biofeedback_, came to a similar conclusion: Participants who slouched while walking felt more depressed. When they shifted to a more upright position, their outlook and energy levels increased.

YOU’LL GET A CONFIDENCE BOOST

When you want to project a confident and comfortable persona (like on a job interview or first date) your stance is key. “If you carry yourself in a certain way”—shoulders back, abdomen in, spine aligned—”it exudes confidence and an affable demeanor,” says Smith. The converse is also true: Just picture a sullen teenager whose slouchy posture instantly conveys a sense of apathy.

Maintaining good posture won’t only make you look more confident; research shows that you’ll actually feel better about yourself. A study in _Health Psychology_ found that people who feel stressed can kick their negative mood and even boost their self-esteem by sitting upright. Other research found that good posture was associated with better body image among people with depression.

_READ MORE: THE 5 TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT_

YOU’LL BE LESS GUARDED

When you’re slumped forward, you’re literally guarding yourself. That may very well mean that you don’t feel open to new relationships or ideas, or perhaps that you’re actively trying to hide something. “So much of how we communicate is non-verbal, and I’ve noticed that if someone has a slouched posture or altered gait, it often indicates that there’s something they’re not willing to talk about or tell you,” says Smith. “There’s a lot to be said for just standing up, pulling your shoulders back, and saying ‘I’m going to face the day.'”

HOW TO PERFECT YOUR POSTURE

For starters, pay attention to how you’re sitting and standing, and remember to engage your core as much as possible. If you have a desk job, make sure your computer, keyboard, and chair are ergonomically adjusted, says D’Ambroso. “I recommend getting up every 45 minutes to an hour to walk around, reposition your spine and improve circulation,” he adds.

Some simple moves can strengthen the muscles that help keep you upright. D’Ambroso likes scapula squeezes: Pull your arms back and pinch your shoulder blades whenever you feel the need to reposition yourself. He also suggests doing 5-10 press-ups (on elbows) every hour or two if possible, which promotes a gentle stretch in your lower spine. Any exercises that improve mobility in your hips and stability in your shoulder girdle are also useful, adds Smith. Try planks, back extensions (the “Superwoman” move) or overhead squats against a wall. And don’t forget about other mood-boosting activities, like meditation and mindfulness. “These practices are taking off now because people know they need to center themselves,” says Smith. “Good posture is just a piece of that.”

_This article originally appeared on Health.com_

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question: Summarize the correlation between mental health issues and poor posture according to the text.

answer: Poor posture can make you feel stressed and depressed. It can make you feel tired and irritable. Poor posture can also exacerbate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Maintaining good posture will help you feel self-assured, and give you a boost in confidence.

critique: It's omitted that poor posture can make you feel more guarded.

critique: This sentence is a generalization at best and probably irrelevant. It should be omitted since it does not answer this question, which asks specifically about mental health issues.

critique: The answer omits the evidence that poor posture can make you feel guarded.

critique: The answer omits the correlation between poor posture and mental health issues.

critique: The answer should include a more direct correlation between poor posture and mental health issues.

critique: The answer omits the fact that poor posture can make you feel guarded.

critique: The answer omits the correlation between depression and fatigue.

question: Summarize how posture affects your energy.

answer: Good posture, when you walk and sit, makes you feel less irritable and depressed. Poor posture, when people slump overmakes one feel tired and irritable. A study showed that patients with depression felt tired and irritable. Good posture boosts energy levels.

critique: The second sentence is unnecessary since the first sentence already mentions how posture affects energy.

critique: "Good posture, when you walk and sit, makes you feel less irritable and depressed." - this is inaccurate because it doesn't mention how it makes you feel. Change to "Good posture, when you walk and sit, makes you feel more alert, less depressed, and less anxious."

critique: The answer should mention the study that found that good posture made patients feel more alert.

text: The answer contains extraneous information that is not useful for the task.

refinement: Good posture, when you walk and sit, makes you feel less irritable and depressed. Poor posture, when people slump overmakes one feel tired and irritable. A study showed that patients with depression felt tired and irritable. Good posture boosts energy levels.

question: Summarize what a good posture does besides making you look confident.

answer: A study in Health Psychology found that people who feel stressed can kick their negative mood by sitting upright. Another study found an association between good posture and better body image among people with depression. Ambro says getting up every 45 minutes and doing exercises that strengthen muscles that help keep you upright are useful.

critique: The response contains a lot of information that is not useful for the task.

critique: The answer could mention how good posture makes you less guarded.

critique: There are a lot more adjectives used than necessary in the summary, likely because of the experimental tone of the text. Since this is the Internet, the use of bulleted lists would suit the article well.

critique: The answer should mention the other benefits of good posture.

critique: This is not a summary of the article. It should be rewritten.

question: According to the passage, how can one perfect their posture?

answer: According to Steven D'Ambroso, a physical therapist with Professional Physical Therapy in New York, if you have a desk job you should make sure your computer and chair are adjusted for ergonomics. For starters, make sure you engage your core as much as possible, however, this doesn't have to be overbearing either - doing small exercises to strengthen the muscles in your chest, and to stretch your lower back to ensure agility is enough. D'Ambroso also suggests incrementally increasing these moves if you feel competent enough to do so.

critique: The article doesn't give any advice on how to perfect posture.

critique: The answer includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The answer should mention the other tips.

critique: The answer should mention the other suggestions.

critique: The answer is a copy-and-paste from the text.

critique: The answer should mention that the author also suggests other exercises.


text:
[screen-shot-2016-12-21-at-3-55-15-pm]E.J. DIONNE isn’t a lawyer, but he likes to play one at the Washington Post (see tweet below). Hillary’s lead campaign team — after losing the “un-loseable election” — also now declare themselves experts of the law in places like Twitter. They know better than both FBI Director Comey and the federal courts what defines probable cause and whether the affidavit (the need for which triggered Comey’s late October letter to Congress) met that legal standard for looking at the laptop seized in the Weiner investigation concerning Weiner allegedly sexting underage girls in other states. Some in the legal community — notably, many without high profile or known extensive 4th Amendment experience — are even opining on it. Did Comey’s agents have probable cause to look at the emails found on the laptop between Hillary and Huma Abedin?

  The FBI had nothing to justify its election-changing intervention against #Clinton. Zero. Zilch. It was all politicshttps://t.co/9xzY2GNbYt

  — EJ Dionne (@EJDionne) December 21, 2016

  Clinton Spox Brian Fallon Goes on Tweetstorm Blasting FBI After Warrant is Released https://t.co/8nMootLkGg pic.twitter.com/8Lk9y57rqT

  — LawNewz (@law_newz) December 21, 2016

Well, first, let’s break down what happened. Pursuant to a legal warrant, law enforcement agents seized a laptop computer belonging to Weiner in their investigation of him allegedly sexting an underage girl in North Carolina. In searching the laptop, the agents came across emails appearing to relate to the Hillary investigation, which was outside their initial scope of inquiry. The emails at issue were found on that already seized laptop. The emails appeared to be of the same kind of confidential, classified emails from the prior investigation into Hillary’s emails. Many agents would have just searched the emails anyway, using the first warrant as grounds. But, playing by the book, the agents requested a second warrant to search those specific emails, recognizing that is the safer path. The grounds were simple. Confidential, classified emails were located outside the classified servers. This triggered the first investigation. The only cited reason the first investigation did not trigger an indictment recommendation was lack of evidence of intent. The new laptop — also completely unsecured and known to be accessible to people without a right to that access (Weiner) — appeared to have such confidential, classified emails accessible on it.

So what is “probable cause”? All that is needed for probable cause is sufficient circumstances that an officer believe a crime has been committed. What would that be here? Evidence that classified emails were on the laptop. Why did the officers believe that? Because they saw emails of the same kind as had just been investigated between Hillary and Huma on the laptop. To be precise: the email information disclosed “correspondence between one or both of these accounts and State Department email accounts.” Federal law criminalizes anyone having “unauthorized possession of, or access to, or control over” a wide range of classified and national security information, which Weiner clearly appeared to have on his laptop. That is why a near-twenty year federal magistrate Judge in the defendant-friendly Southern District of New York approved the warrant so fast.  Guess whose administration first supported his appointment to be Magistrate Judge? BILL CLINTON.

As a lawyer who actually does 4th Amendment work everyday, the affidavit provided by Comey’s agents would be found to have probable cause by every Judge in the country. E.J. Dionne, and friends, can stay at Holiday Inn Express, but that doesn’t make them lawyers.

_Robert Barnes is a California -based attorney. He is also a contributor to LawNewz.com._

[image via screengrab ABC News]

_This is an opinion piece. The views expressed in this article are those of just the author._

question: Summarize why Weiner was being investigated by the FBI.

answer: Weiner was being investigated by the FBI because he was allegedly sexting an underage girl in North Carolina.

critique: The answer is a bit vague and doesn't mention that Weiner was also sexting underage girls in other states.

critique: The answer should mention that Weiner was also being investigated for having confidential, classified emails on his laptop.

critique: It's missing the connection between Weiner and the Clintons.

critique: The answer should mention that Weiner was also sexting underage girls in other states.

question: Summarize why Clinton was being investigated by the FBI.

answer: Clinton was being investigated by the FBI because confidential, classified emails were located outside the classified servers.

critique: The answer should mention that the emails were found on a laptop.

question: Summarize James Comey's life before becoming the director of the FBI.

answer: No answer


text:
By Final Call News | Last updated: Nov 17, 2015 - 1:28:42 PM

What's your opinion on this article?

_THE MOST VALUABLE DOLLARS YOU WILL NEVER SPEND_

‘Tis almost the season to be jolly, especially corporations and merchants, but the laughter you are hearing doesn’t note tidings of comfort and joy but product peddling profit seekers, who want to capitalize on your emotions and your insecurities.

[boycottblackfriday2015.jpg]

This Christmas don’t let dollar hungry businesses lure you into a trap of unwise spending and debt. Join the Justice Or Else! movement to Redistribute the Pain through economic withdrawal and a boycott of Black Friday and holiday spending.

Economic withdrawal is a major effort coming out of the extremely successful organizing and turnout for the “Justice Or Else!” gathering in Washington, D.C., marking the 20th Anniversary of the Million Man March. But that gathering was not planned as a moment but as a movement to press for justice and using some of our estimated $1.1 trillion to $1.3 trillion in annual spending power is a tool we cannot continue to ignore.

Without a doubt, America loves the dollar and holiday spending is perhaps the peak of the love affair—companies look to close the year in the black, forecast spending in the coming year and unload products.

[up-with-jesus-down-with-santa.jpg]

By curbing spending, we can participate in a revolutionary act by showing a little discipline, a little awareness and connecting to a campaign that will help build incredible unity.

America loves to punish and threaten others and needs to be taught a harsh lesson: Black lives matter, Black dollars matter and how you treat Black people matters.

“We have to find a way to redistribute the pain,” said Minister Farrakhan, as he quoted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. during his Justice Or Else! address.

“You’re either going to treat us right, or we’re going to withdraw from you our economic support. … We intend to boycott Christmas but not Jesus,” Minister Farrakhan said. “We choose not to spend dollars on Black Friday, Black Saturday, Black Sunday, Black Monday. We are not going to spend our money for the rest of that year with those companies that we have traditionally spent our money on.”

As the Minister toured city after city in the run-up to 10-10-15 in Washington, D.C., he shared the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the brave leader’s call to “redistribute the pain” to those who were denying and oppressing Black people. The call to participate isn’t limited to any faith, any political ideology, nor any of the other things that are typically used to divide Black people.

“We don’t have to argue with anybody. We don’t have to curse and go around acting bad with our words. We don’t need any bricks and bottles. We don’t need any Molotov cocktails,” said Dr. King in the last speech before he was assassinated in 1968.

“We just need to go around to these stores, and to these massive industries in our country, and say, ‘God sent us by here, to say to you that you’re not treating his children right. … Now, if you are not prepared to do that, we do have an agenda that we must follow. And our agenda calls for withdrawing economic support from you.”

The Nielsen Company, which tracks consumer spending and behavior, is already predicting that Asian, Latino and Black families are planning to wait to do holiday spending.

Maybe we are starting to consider the toll emotional and financial blackmail pushed by Corporate America is taking on us. Nielsen doesn’t think so: “Similar to last year, more multicultural households are planning to spend more on holiday gifts this year than the total population,” said the research firm.

Surveys that looked at Xmas spending from 1999 to 2014 discovered that in 2013 U.S. consumers were expected to spend about $704 on Christmas gifts.

“Economics has long been known as the dismal science. But is any economist so dreary as to criticise Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made,” the Economist magazine noted in a 2001 article.

It pointed to a study that said money was being lost as people received gifts they didn’t want or appreciate, the gift receivers valued the gifts at less than what was paid for them. “The most conservative estimate put the average receiver’s valuation at 90% of the buying price. The missing 10% is what economists call a deadweight loss: a waste of resources that could be averted without making anyone worse off. In other words, if the giver gave the cash value of the purchase instead of the gift itself, the recipient could then buy what she really wants, and be better off for no extra cost,” the article noted.

According to research by CardHub, Americans are losing billions of dollars in spending as gift cards go unused. CardHub estimates some $44 billion in unredeemed gift cards has been growing since 2008.

CardHub also wasn’t optimistic about the outlook for credit card spending in 2015. “CardHub now projects that we will end 2015 with a net increase of more than $60 billion in credit card debt – putting us perilously close to a tipping point at which balances become unsustainable and delinquency rates skyrocket,” said its “2015 Credit Card Debt Study: Trends & Insights” report issued in early September.

“We expect outstanding credit card debt to cross $900 billion by the end of the year, bringing the average indebted household’s balance to $7,813—the highest amount since the Great Recession,” said CardHub.

Last year Black Friday sales dropped 11 percent to $50.9 billion from an estimated $57.4 billion in 2013. Boycotts by protestors who were angry and outraged over Black deaths helped shutdown holiday spending.

According to the www.blackfridaydeathcount.com, there have been seven deaths and 98 injuries on the shopping day after Thanksgiving between 2006 and 2014, such as  a worker who died after being trampled in a shoppers’ stampede at a Long Island Wal-Mart.

Stop the madness, visit www.justiceorelse.com for simple and helpful ways you can save money, build unity and support a movement without spending a dime.

question: What does the text say about deadweight loss?

answer: According to the text, deadweight loss is when money is lost as people receive gifts they don't want or appreciate. The gift receivers valued the gifts at less than what was paid for them. The missing 10% is what economists call a deadweight loss: a waste of resources that could be averted without making anyone worse off. In other words, if the giver gave the cash value of the purchase instead of the gift itself, the recipient could then buy what they really want, and be better off for no extra cost.

critique: The answer should mention that the text was written in 2015.

critique: The answer should mention that the text is quoting an Economist article.

critique: The answer should mention the gift card statistics.

critique: The answer should mention the CardHub statistics.

critique: The response should include that the text is from an article.

question: What does the text say about homemade Christmas gift ideas?

answer: No answer

critique: The text doesn't mention anything about homemade Christmas gifts.

critique: The text does not mention anything about homemade Christmas gift ideas.

critique: The text does not discuss homemade Christmas gift ideas.

critique: The json response indicates that the text does not mention homemade Christmas gift ideas.

critique: The text doesn't say anything about homemade Christmas gift ideas.


text:
Essence Of Arcadia - Aromatherapy Made Beautiful

I have always been a fan of having scents wafting gently around the house

~~to get rid of all the boy smells~~
. My husband likes to burn incense/joss sticks and I've always been a fan of scented candles, wax melts and diluted essential oils.

_First a little background. What is Aromatherapy?_

  _Aromatherapy, also referred to as Essential Oil Therapy, can be defined as the art and science of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance, harmonise and promote the health of the mind, body and soul. It seeks to unify physiological, psychological and spiritual processes to enhance your innate healing process._

 Prior to Christmas I was trying out some new essential oils that had been sent to me by Becky at ESSENCE OF ARCADIA along with a 'recipe book' which explained what each oil was to be used for and how to mix different oils to create different moods.

[Essence of Arcadia - aromatherapy / essential oils to unify physiological, psychological and spiritual well-being. Made in Britain.]

First of all, ESSENCE OF ARCADIA is a British company - and you know how I feel about the importance of supporting home-grown businesses. They manufacture their own products (cutting out the middle man) and concentrate on producing great quality items at affordable prices. Also, all the essential oils are 100% pure and have the relevant certification so you know you're in safe hands.

What I love about the ESSENCE OF ARCADIA shop is that they not only sell the oils but also the diffusers to atomise the diluted oils.  For me, this was a new experience as the diffusers plug into a power point and come with a built-in timer which negates the need for tea-light candles and the possibility of your water/oil mix running dry. I have been trying out the Luxury Diamond shaped glass diffuser but also have my eye on the wooden style Pebble diffuser.

Two of of my favourite scents are vanilla and ylang ylang. One of the first perfumes that was ever bought for me (thanks, Mum) was a Oscar de la Renta copy with a ylang ylang base from one of those perfume parties that were so popular in the 1980's and, reading up on it here, I now know that it balances emotions and hormones. Maybe there was some deeper thinking going on with Mum there...

This lead to the ylang ylang oil being one of the first that I tried out and now I'm all calm and mellow which makes a lovely change.  Other recipes that I'm going to be trying out is one for 'confidence, concentration and memory' which mixes grapefruit, basil, bergamot and lavender (I can use this in the shower) and a 'liquid sunshine' one which incorporates peppermint, frankencense and bergamot which boosts energy.

All products are beautifully packaged so come fully protected when delivered or will make fantastic gifts. You can find all current prices in the ESSENCE OF ARCADIA online store so here are some discount codes to get you started:

-   _15% off - Essential Oils 6 Set - ESSENCECODE1_
-   _15% off  - Essential Oils 14 Set - ESSENCECODE2_
-   _15% off  - Pebble Diffuser - ESSENCECODE3_
-   _15% off  - Diamond Diffuser - ESSENCECODE4 _

(enter the code when prompted at checkout) and do go and say 'hello' to them on Twitter, Facebook and Pinterest.

DO YOU HAVE ANY AROMATHERAPY / ESSENTIAL OIL RECIPES THAT YOU'D LIKE TO SHARE WITH ME. I'D LOVE TO TRY SOME NEW ONES OUT!

question: Why is it important to support home-grown businesses?

answer: Home-grown businesses are run by people who have a stake in their community, and they understand their local market better.

critique: This answer is not supported by the text.

critique: The answer is not related to the question.

critique: There is no evidence in the passage to suggest what haab to do with the answer.


text:
April 6, 2052, 1 pm

Agent Martin makes his way back to work after lunch break. His office, on the top floor of the Data Security Center—DSC—is indistinguishable in design and contents from the other offices on the vast floor. All are small soundproof rooms, windowless, shut off by black sliding glass doors. Each office is a command center.

Martin takes his seat, yawns, and puts on his headset. He enjoys his job; it often reminds him of playing video games as a youth. He turns to the monitor on his right, strikes a few keys on the keyboard, and up pops a panel showing birds-eye footage of a suburban neighbourhood. A large textbox underneath reads “Approaching Destination: 200 meters”. The number steadily decreasing. This damn wind hasn't let up the slightest, he thinks, shaking his head. It had been extremely windy the entire day. Prior to leaving for lunch, he had delployed a set of four drones—as was the standard deployment—packed in a larger camoflauged container-unit—camo-con—which was the source of the footage now on screen.

The targets name was Wesley Smith. His activities had been flagged with  “Acute Suspicion”  by the system earlier that morning. All such cases required the attention of and if necessary, investigation—or “analysis” as it called—by an agent. Martin considered it bad luck when such cases were assigned to him. He had groaned when the notification had popped up. The day was fairly quiet and he'd been having great fun micro-managing a drone in a local park. The notification had presented him with a typically boring task. Wesley was sixteen years old. Another stupid sixteen year old that's fascinated with how drugs or bombs can be made, he'd thought then. However, to his delight, he found that the flag had nothing to do with the users querying history, but rather it's lacktherof. Wesley, it seemed, had found himself some very good encryption software—that the system must be unfamiliar with—as over the past nine hours, his data footprint had been reduced tremendously, triggering the flag. Martin had let out a whistle as he thought about all the different possibilites. There was a small chance that this kid possesed data that could lead to him to the source. These were the types of cases Martin was best at. He would surely get a promotion if he were to uncover the creators behind some black market encryption package. He had then followed the standard procedure, flagged the case as “Under Analysis” and had deployed the drone set. The wind however, had delayed what should have been a half-hour trip to over an hour.

Now, he watches as the container unit stops at ten meteres from what he assumes is the target's home. Gusts of wind gently rock the camera side to side. The house is an average looking two-storey house, an exception being the large apple tree in the front yard. Hanging from the tree, a tire-swing slowly sways back and forth. It's the swing that flashes in Martin mind; as a kid, he had a friend who lived in a home on that very street. Passing by here, he would often see children pushing each other on that swing. His mind wanders, and he finds himself wondering whether Wesley—No, he must'nt get distracted. The system begins running a series of tests to confirm that this is the correct house, then ejects the four drones from the container, and prompts Martin to guide the entry.

This was probably the most enjoyable part of his job. He begins micromanaging the blade—the smallest, quickest and most agile of the set—and defines a distance for the others to trail behind. The blade was one inch long, half an inch wide, and four millimeters in height. It was a dull shade of grey and perfectly smooth. A barebone unit, it contained just a nano mic-cam component, a communications component, a power supply, and over a dozen micro-motors; it was fairly stealthy, ideal for recon. It's light weight also meant however, that it was a challenge to control in the wind, and Martin througly enjoyed this challenge.

After zipping around some for fun, he spots an open window at the back side of the house. He thought it a bit odd for a window to be left open when it was this windy, but was able to determine that the room is unoccupied. As the small drone caravan silently advances into the dark room, the monitor to Martins left begins blinking. The hound—a relatively clumsly unit that Martin almost hadn't included—had detected illicit substances in it's proximity. A line of bolded text on the monitor reads: SUBSTANCE: [SCHEDULE I - CANNABIS], the last word—CANNABIS—appearing in green font. The change in font color was Martin's little hack to his own station, thus no one else would ever see it. He chucked to himself whenver it came up.

He suddenly dreads including the Hound in the set, and hopes it's a false positive. Standard procedure had to be followed now.  He issues the command for the drones to begin inspecting the room. Martin ran his own alrorithm—a feat that as far as he knows, only he has acomplished—for room inspection and was proud of it. The largest unit—the Tech—contains the processor shared by the four and is responsible for giving instructions to the other three. In fact, even now, the signals sent to the Blade by Martin are first processed by the Tech, and then only passed on if it considers them safe. It is a highly complex unit whose nano-mechanics Martin had always been in awe of, but was not authorized to program. Just to override it's room-inspection algorithm had taken him weeks and numerous demonstrations. But he had done it, and now the three drones would sniff, photograph, and record the sound in every visible and acessible space in the room, in at most three minutes. As the blade, he slides underneath the centimeter tall gap underneath the door, sees that it leads to an empty hallway, and remains there as a lookout.

When the inspection completes, Martin sits silenlty looking over the new data while carefully listening for any sound through the headphones. The Bat, a unit with ultrasonic capability, working with the Hound had determined that a desk—the laptop sitting on which Martin disappointedly noted was powered off—contains in it's drawer, between three to four grams of marijuana.

For the second time that day, Martin groaned. There was nothing more he could do here. Had he not discovered the weed, he could have gone probing further to try and hack a device on the network. But the presence of the drug had already been logged by the system. The case was no longer in his domain. Any further risk taken by him would be overridden or worse, logged and reported, by the Tech. He would not be doing any hacking today.

As he begins to type out the mandatory report to send back to PRISM, he wonders who the case will be assigned to now—if it hadn't already—and what type of power and authorization that person has. Maybe, he thinks, it's someone inside this building somewhere.

Regardless of what the system would do with the information he had just added to it, he was fully certain that young Wesley's days of being a free man were numbered.

title: 1952

question: What does this story say about the legality of drusg in 2052?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the story doesn't say anything about the legality of drugs.

question: What does the story say about Wesley's involvement in criminal activity?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that Wesley's activities were flagged as "Acute Suspicion".

critique: The answer should mention that Wesley is involved in criminal activity.

critique: The answer is incorrect. There is an answer to the question.

critique: The answer should mention that Martin believes Wesley has been using an unknown encryption software to hide illegal activity.

critique: The response is incorrect. Wesley is flagged by the system for "Acute Suspicion" after he downloads encryption software that the system is unfamiliar with.

critique: It's no big sin, but the "no-trailers" rule should apply to law-enforcement scenarios as well.

critique: The answer should mention that Wesley's activities were flagged as "Acute Suspicion" by the system.

question: Summarize Wesley's movements over the course of the story.

answer: Wesley is flagged by the surveillance system when his data footprint is reduced by the use of very good encryption software.  Wesley's activities are in a suburban house. The agent deploys drones, sending them into an unlocked window in the back of the house. The Hound detects cannabis in the house, and Wesley's days of being a free man are numbered.

critique: The answer should mention that Wesley is in his house.

critique: The answer doesn't mention Wesley's movements at all.

question: Summarize the elements of the story that reflect the science fiction theme.

answer: The fact that this is set in the future is a clear sign that the story has some science fiction elements. The setting, the entire plot, and the technology used in the story are all elements of the science fiction genre. The story also includes a futuristic look at the current events that are ongoing in the world.

critique: The story is not set in the future. It is set in the present.

critique: The story is not set in the future. It is set in 2052.

critique: The story does not look at the current events occurring in the world from a science fiction perspective.

critique: The fact that Wesley is sixteen years old suggests that the story is not set in the future.

critique: The answer is too vague. It should mention the drones.

critique: The story does not include a futuristic look at the current events that are ongoing in the world.