text:
KENNETH EDWARD “JACKIE” HEGAN OBE (24 January 1901 – 3 March 1989)[1] was an English amateur footballer who played on the wing and made four appearances for England in 1923, scoring four goals. He was a member of the Corinthian amateur club, and a professional soldier.

Career

Hegan was born in Coventry, and attended Bablake School. On leaving school, he attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, going on to represent both the college and the Army while serving with the 1st Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers.[2]

Corinthians

He made his Corinthians debut on 27 December 1919 in a 7–2 victory over The Army.[3] Ironically, he was due to play for the army, but was “lent” to the Corinthians, who turned up for the match three players short.

During the 1920s and early 1930s he played in many of Corinthians' more important matches, including most of their FA Cup ties. He was a member of the Corinthian team that defeated Blackburn Rovers 1–0 in the First round of the cup on 12 January 1924,[4] before going out to West Bromwich Albion in the second round. In 1925–26, Corinthian met Manchester City on 9 January 1926; after a 3–3 draw in the first match (in which Hegan scored once, with Norman Creek scoring the others), Corinthian lost the replay 4–0. In 1927, he again scored in a 4–0 victory over Walsall in the third round, before a 3–1 defeat by Newcastle United at Crystal Palace in front of a crowd of 56,338.[5] He played for the “Amateurs” in the 1929 FA Charity Shield.[6]

He was an occasional member of the Corinthians' foreign tours. His last match for Corinthian came in Denmark on 16 April 1933 against a Combined Danish XI. His military duties prevented him going on the next tour to Holland and curtailed his football career. Between 1919 and 1933, he played 167 matches for Corinthian scoring 50 goals.[7]

England

He earned 23 caps for England at amateur level, including at the 1920 Olympics held in Antwerp, when Great Britain were eliminated in a 3–1 defeat by Norway. He also earned four full caps for England.[8] His debut came on 19 March 1923 in a 6–1 victory over Belgium, when he scored England's first two goals.[9] His next appearance came in the first senior international played against France on 10 May 1923 which England won 4–1. The first and last goals were scored by Hegan while the second came from the Sunderland forward Charlie Buchan[10] who is remembered for the football magazine, “Charles Buchan Football Monthly”. Norman Creek scored England's other goal while France's late consolation strike came from Jules Dewaquez.[11]

He also appeared in the Home International Championship match against Northern Ireland on 20 October 1923 (lost 2–1)[12] and against Belgium on 1 November (2–2 draw).[13]

During the Second World War, he was awarded the OBE; he retired from the army in July 1949, having attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.[14]

His card is No. 15 of 50 in the 1926 cigarette card series _Football Caricatures by 'Mac_' issued by John Player and Sons.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] The Independent Schools Football Association 4. The Corinthian Era (with captioned photo of the team players)

[5] Corinthian 1 – Newcastle United 3, 29 January 1927 (Match summary)

[6]

[7]

[8] Hegan was England's top scorer for 1923

[9] England 6 - Belgium 1; 19 March 1923 (Match summary)

[10] Buchan wrote in his autobiography, “After half an hour's play, Hegan scored the first goal for England. As captain I was so delighted that I ran across and shook Hegan's hand. Though I never thought about it for the rest of the game, I got a severe reprimand from the FA member in charge of the team after it was over. It seemed that hand-shaking was one of those things that wasn't done ...” as cited in

[11] France 1 – England 4: 10 May 1923 (Match summary)

[12] Northern Ireland 2 – England 1; 20 October 1923 (Match summary)

[13] Belgium 2 – England 2; 1 November 1923 (Match summary)

[14]

title: Jackie Hegan

question: What does the text say about Hegan's military service?

answer: Hegan attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and went on to represent both the college and the Army while serving with the 1st Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers. During the Second World War, he was awarded the OBE and retired from the army in July 1949, having attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.

critique: It's omitted that he was a professional soldier.

critique: The answer omits that Hegan was a professional soldier.

critique: Hegan's military career is irrelevant to the question.

critique: "and went on to represent both the college and the Army" - is redundant and should be deleted.

question: What does the text say about Hegan's athletic career?

answer: Hegan was an English amateur footballer who played on the wing and made four appearances for England in 1923, scoring four goals. He was a member of the Corinthian amateur club, and a professional soldier. He made his debut for the Corinthians on December 27, 1919, in a 7-2 victory over The Army. He was due to play for the army, but was "lent" to the Corinthians. He played for the Corinthian team that defeated Blackburn Rovers 1-0 in the First round of the cup on January 12, 1924. He was an occasional member of the Corinthians' foreign tours. His last match for Corinthian came in Denmark on April 16, 1933, against a Combined Danish XI. He earned 23 caps for England at amateur level, including at the 1920 Olympics held in Antwerp, when Great Britain were eliminated in a 3-1 defeat by Norway. He also earned four full caps for England.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The answer is a summary of the article and should be more specific.

critique: The first sentence could be more specific about his accomplishments.


split: train

text:
When a team of leading economists led by Stanford's Raj Chetty recently linked the patent records of more than a million inventors with their tax records, they made a startling discovery: The best predictor of whether you're going to become an inventor is your tax bracket. If your parents were in the top 1 percent of income in the United States, you're 10 times more likely to file a patent than someone who comes from an economically disadvantaged background. In a recent paper explaining these findings, the Equality of Opportunity Project described generations of "lost Einsteins." As the gap widens between the haves and have-nots, the ranks of inventors are tapering to an ever more elite minority.

The study also confirmed what teachers have often reported: The remedies most often used to address these inequities-regimented curricula and standardized testing-may actually be making them worse. The more that "teaching to the test" dominates the school day, the more creative learning gets sidelined. Instead, the key element that makes a difference is exposure to innovation. We need to invest in children's imaginations.

But how? Classrooms are often overcrowded, teachers are overextended, and underserved schools are starved for resources. Fortunately, there are remedies that don't necessarily involve more money, just re-allocating time.

The change relies on understanding the nature of creativity. Our inventiveness grows from our ability to absorb the outside world and generate "what if" scenarios, extrapolating the known into the new. Everything that separates our world from that of 10,000 years ago comes from the human brain's everyday, lifelong neural manipulations: We take in the world and energetically refashion it.

Schools offer young minds a wider storehouse of knowledge than they would discover on their own. However, when we only train students to get to the right answer as reliably and efficiently as possible, we're missing a crucial step. Knowledge shouldn't just be a landing point-it should be a springboard. More class time needs to be devoted not just to mastering the material, but launching from it.

In history class, students can show their mastery of facts by constructing alternative histories. In science courses, students can explore science fiction prototyping, in which they imagine a future invention and extrapolate its effects on society. Art and music classes shouldn't stop with imitation of the masters; students need the chance to remodel their inspirations.

Experiential learning isn't enough if it's only about duplicating established results. The telltale sign of a creative classroom is one in which students all start from the source, and yet all arrive at different solutions.

Further, students need to learn how to manage risk and rebound from mistakes. That's where teaching to the test is particularly lacking. In multiple-choice questions, there's no value in a wrong answer. Inventiveness, on the other hand, depends on prolific options and a tolerance for the fact that many of them will fail. "Sandboxing" is one way of encouraging such gambits: Students try out multiple ideas before getting graded, receive feedback, and then pursue one of their options to completion.

For a part of each school day, classrooms need to become studios, workshops, and laboratories. Teachers sometimes express the concern that those kind of open-ended activities invite chaos. To the contrary, the data indicate that creatively engaged students are less distracted and disruptive. A 2013 study from Houston public schools, for instance, found a correlation between high arts involvement and decreased disciplinary and truancy rates-even after the researchers controlled for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, English-language fluency, and special education or gifted and talented designation. And there's a good reason for that: Our brains gradually tune out the predictable, making it a struggle to stay focused in the face of drills and rote learning. Surprise captures our attention.

Creative activities keep the school day filled with the unexpected, spurring focus. Around the country, schools that have added more creativity into the curriculum-whether though the arts or robotics-have seen their dropout rates and disciplinary problems decline.

Creativity is built into the human brain. Compared to other animals, we have more brain cells interposed between sensation and action—making us less reliant on reflex and more capable of flexibility. And our large pre-frontal cortex enables us to simulate possible futures. As a result of our evolutionarily recent brain expansion, every child carries on his or her shoulders the most inventive piece of machinery nature has ever produced. Creativity is a lifelong gift that needs to be rewarded and encouraged from a young age.

We're not only losing future Albert Einsteins, but also Emily Dickinsons, Lin-Manuel Mirandas, and Elon Musks. Over half a century of research has found the same creative abilities across all demographic groups. When cultivating creativity becomes a matter of privilege, society stalls its own engines. Cognitive flexibility is paramount in navigating our fast-changing world, and companies are clamoring for innovators. We can't afford to let another crop of students get marginalized. There's no reason an underserved classroom can't be as creatively vibrant as a well-funded one. Nurturing human ingenuity in every neighborhood will make our society not only fairer, but also more visionary and resilient.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

_Anthony Brandt, a composer, and David Eagleman, a neuroscientist, are the authors of The Runaway Species: How Human Creativity Remakes the World (Catapult, 2017)._

question: What does the article have to say about the effect class structure has had on creativity?

answer: The article suggests that the more class structure separates people, the more likely it is that the ranks of inventors will be an elite minority. It also suggests that the more that "teaching to the test" dominates the school day, the more creative learning gets sidelined.

critique: This answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

critique: The article also suggests that the remedy to this problem is to invest in children's imaginations.

critique: The answer should mention the remedy proposed.

critique: The question asks about the effect class structure has had on creativity. In this response, it's only creative learning that gets sidelined due to "teaching to the test" dominating the school day. Focus on the leadership of the question.

critique: The article also suggests that the remedy to this is to invest in children's imaginations.

critique: It is omitted that the study also confirmed that the remedies most often used to address these inequities-regimented curricula and standardized testing-may actually be making them worse.

critique: The article does not say that the more class structure separates people, the more likely it is that the ranks of inventors will be an elite minority.

question: Does the article promote the idea of creative freedom, and if so, how so?

answer: Yes, it does. The article points out that creativity is built into the human brain, and that schools need to foster creativity. It also points out that there are ways to do this without spending more money.

critique: The answer omits the author's call to action.

critique: The answer should be more specific about the ways schools can foster creativity.

critique: The answer should mention the specific ways the article suggests to foster creativity.

critique: The article does not promote creative freedom.

critique: The article also suggests ways to foster creativity without spending more money.

critique: The article does not promote the idea of creative freedom.

question: How are the examples of prominent artists explained in the article?

answer: The article uses the example of Emily Dickinson to explain that the brain's creative abilities are found in all demographic groups. The article also uses the example of Lin-Manuel Miranda to explain that the brain's creative abilities are found in all demographic groups. The article also uses the example of Elon Musk to explain that the brain's creative abilities are found in all demographic groups.

critique: The answer is not related to the question.

critique: The article does not use the example of Elon Musk.

critique: The answer elaborates on each artist name instead of answering the question.

text: The answer is worded strangely. The multiple mentions of artists exemplifying people from different demographic groups is inaccurate and should be omitted.

category: coherence


text:
The air conditioning barely worked. The few wisps of cool air that seeped out from the tour bus’ ancient vents had to be trapped inside, lest its twenty or so passengers melt in the summer heat. The windows were shut tight; no breeze could get in or out.

About fifteen of them were chain smokers. Tobacco was the new opium in 21st century China. After the first hour, the air became dense and thick.

When the three hour ride finally came to an end, I could no longer see a yard in front of me. Mother picked me up and rushed to the front; I was still small enough for her to lift back then. The crisp air of the rural countryside hit me like a refreshing blast.

Before I knew it, the contents of my lunch were being emptied on the dirt in front of me.

******

Our apartment smelled different when I came home from elementary school that day. It was an old, familiar smell. A faint, musky scent. I took long, panting breaths. My mind felt at peace. I sat on the floor, unmoving, soaking in the beautiful aroma.

An hour or so passed, and I heard shouting down the hallway. My mother was angry. My father was on the defense. “Only two” He exclaimed “I found a pack in my old pocket. They were old. It won’t happen again”.

A half hour later, the yelling ceased. All the windows were open. My mother walked back and forth, beating the air with a feather fan.

******

The day after my eighteenth birthday, I bought a pack of Marlboro’s, and a blue plastic lighter. Curiosity, and just because I could. My gaze stayed glued to the ground as I handed the clerk my I.D. It had a simple design. A red top with an egg white base, with “filter cigarettes” written neatly across the center. I liked the aesthetic. It looked nice in my pocket.

It was never opened. I hid it in a secret compartment in my suitcase, and brought it to college. I’ll save it for a special occasion. Nicotine is supposed to be a relaxant, right? Maybe the night before a stressful test. Or as a cure for a bout of depression.

******

Every drive away from my town feels as miserable as the first. The peculiar feeling of leaving the place I call home to sleep somewhere else never quite fades. Maybe I should consider myself lucky for having a place to sleep at all. Look at all these homeless people, wouldn’t they love to trade places with you? I take a walk down the nighttime Seattle streets, for once hoping to see a few of the less fortunate.

I come across a group, huddled under a storefront porch. But seeing their suffering does nothing to curb my own. Homelessness, not in a financial sense, but an emotional sense, could be used to describe my state of mind. Did I come back to visit, or to say goodbye one final time? Some things are harder to let go of than others.

Slowly, reluctantly, I take the pack out of my pocket. Its red gleam remains unfaded, and its crisp packaging beckons to be opened. The plastic wrap comes off easily; It was designed to be torn apart by eager fingers.

Lighting the cig was confusing at first, but I got it going after a minute. The aroma brought back an incredible flood of memories. My grandparents. All of my aunts and uncles. My dad. No one in my family had escaped its alluring scent.

I was lost. My mind was intoxicated. They say some people have genes that make them more susceptible to addiction. That exposure to second-hand smoke isn’t much different than first hand smoke. These were fleeting thoughts, which came and went without me paying them much heed.

The world began to calm down. My walk became steadier, slower. Any worries I had were dissipating. I closed my eyes with each drag, holding the wonderful smoke in my lungs.

Before I knew it, I was on my second. And my third. And my fourth. My breaths were too long; I was inexperienced. I got ashes all over my face and hands, and I coughed extensively. It didn’t matter; it was all bliss.

I was standing still, no longer even walking. There was a familiar haze in front of me; my mind drifted back to the bus ride. “This is mine, and mine alone” I thought triumphantly. No one else could force me to breathe their smoke. I made my own, with my lungs, my money, my life.

I opened the pack, and took out another. As I flicked the lighter, a thought occurred to me. I didn’t have to do it. At this moment, there was no overwhelming force compelling to smoke another cigarette.

But that might not be true a year, or a month, or even a week down the line. When my father found the lingering pack in his pocket, was his choice as clear as mine is now?

Was I expressing my newfound independence, or giving it up?

I threw whole case into a nearby trashcan. The walk away felt heavy, weighted by a mix of desire and pride. To turn around and pick it up again would be so easy. The white and red casing was calling to me, carrying innards that were still fresh and awaiting consumption.

I trudged on.

*****

title: Haze

question: Summarize the theme of this piece of writing.

answer: The theme of this piece of writing is a theme of addiction. The narrator's parents are chain smokers, and he begins to smoke as a teen. It is implied that the narrator is addicted to the cigarettes. He smokes a pack a day and cannot stop. He decides to quit, but it is implied that he will probably start smoking again soon.

critique: The narrator is not addicted to cigarettes.

critique: The narrator doesn't start smoking as a teen.

critique: The narrator doesn't smoke a pack a day.

critique: The theme is not only addiction, but the way it is passed on in families. The narrator's father is a chain-smoker, as were his grandparents and other relatives. The narrator is tempted to smoke, but resists.

critique: The theme isn't stated as 'a theme of addiction' but as 'losing one's independence, to the smoking they are prescribed to by hereditary smoking addiction'.

critique: The narrator doesn't start smoking until he's 18.

question: Summarize what the cigarettes symbolize.

answer: In the first part of this story, we are told that the narrator's father had a pack of cigarettes in his pocket, but he claimed it was unknown how it had gotten there. This seems to foreshadow that even to a nineteen- or twenty year-old in college, one can still be inclined to take up smoking. This is confirmed when the narrator finds their cigarettes and becomes a chain smoker.

critique: This is false. The narrator does not become a chain smoker. They only smoke one cigarette.

critique: The narrator is eighteen, not nineteen or twenty.

critique: Around the narrator's eighteenth birthday, she is already old enough to buy her own cigarettes.

critique: The narrator's father's pack of cigarettes is not the same as the narrator's pack. The narrator's pack is a gift from their father, not found in their father's pocket.

text: It is inaccurate that the father claimed it was unknown how the pack had gotten there

category: accuracy

question: Summarize what other factors have motivated the narrator to grow "out of the nest".

answer: No answer

critique: The narrator is motivated to grow out of the nest by the desire to be independent.

critique: The narrator wants to leave his hometown to go to college.

critique: The narrator's decision to move away from home is motivated by a desire to escape the influence of their family's smoking habits.

critique: The narrator is motivated to grow out of the nest by her father's smoking and her desire to be independent.

critique: The narrator has had a desire to be independent of their parents, as shown by their smoking.

critique: The narrator's father's smoking habit is one of the factors that motivated the narrator to grow out of the nest.


text:
SENTENCING DISPARITY is defined as “a form of unequal treatment [in criminal punishment] that is often of unexplained cause and is at least incongruous, unfair and disadvantaging in consequence”.[1]

Terminology

Colloquially, situations wherein some criminals receive lighter criminal sentences or are held to a lesser standard of personal accountability is referred to as a _SLAP ON THE WRIST_. The verbified form of such unequal treatment may be termed _wrist slap_, and alternative forms such as _wristslap_ and _wrist-slap_.[2] As an adjective, such a justice system may be described as being _two-tiered_[3] or _hybrid_, both usually with negative connotations.[4] Lawyers who uphold such unfair principles within the legal system are sometimes designated with pejorative terms such as _double standardist_.[5]

Instances wherein women or cases have been perceived as upholding a gender disparity in sentencing have at times been labelled with derogatory terms such as _pussy pass_.[6]

Overview

It is important to distinguish disparity from differences that arise due to legitimate use of discretion in the application of the law and those differences that arise due to discrimination or other, unexplained, causes unrelated to the issues found in the specific criminal case. There is evidence that some U.S. federal judges give much longer prison sentences for similar offenses than other judges do.[7]

This is a major problem because two judges could be faced with a similar case and one could order a very harsh sentence while another would give a much lesser sentence. A 2006 study by Crow and Bales gives evidence of sentencing disparity. The Florida Department of Corrections gave statistics of those prisoners who received probation or community control in the period 1990–1999. Prisoners were categorized as _Blacks and Hispanics_ or _Whites/Non-Hispanics_. The study found that the _Blacks and Hispanics_ received more intense and harsher penalties than the _White/Non-Hispanic_ group.

History

A 2001 University of Georgia study found substantial disparity in criminal sentencing men and women received “after controlling for extensive criminological, demographic, and socioeconomic variables”. The study found that in US federal courts, “blacks and males are... less likely to get no prison term when that option is available; less likely to receive downward departures [from the guidelines]; and more likely to receive upward adjustments and, conditioned on having a downward departure, receive smaller reductions than whites and females”.[8]

In 2012 Sonja B. Starr from University of Michigan Law School found that “men receive 63% longer sentences on average than women do,” and “[w]omen are…twice as likely to avoid incarceration if convicted”, also based on data from US federal court cases.[9][10]

In 2006, Ann Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn found that women receive more lenient sentences than men after controlling for presumptive sentence, family responsibilities, offender characteristics, and other legally relevant variables, based on examination of three US district courts.Ann Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn, Gender and the Social Costs of Sentencing: An Analysis of Sentences Imposed on Male and Female Offenders in Three U.S. District Courts, 11 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 43 (2006).(DOI)https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38F32G

https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=bjcl

Racism and sexism

Some prison reform and prison abolition supporters have argued that race and gender are both valid reasons for disparity in sentencing. In 2016, Mirko Bagaric argued that African-Americans and Indigenous Australians should receive a sentencing discount in all but the most serious of crimes, in part to offset unacknowledged biases to the opposite effect, while women should “be treated more leniently when they commit the same crime as a man” - in this case, he did not make any exception for serious offending.[11] In the United Kingdom, Jean Corston's 2007 report planned as a “review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system” is described as making the case “that prisons should be scrapped for all but a tiny number of women”,[12] which Corston justified on the basis “equality does not mean treating everyone the same”. She proposed “Custodial sentences for women must be reserved for serious and violent offenders who pose a threat to the public” and that overt separate sentencing for men and women could be considered after then-pending equality legislation.[13] Some feminists argue that giving women lighter sentences is infantilizing, based on stereotyping, and incompatible with gender equality.[14][15]

[1] Alfred Blumstein, et al. _Research on Sentencing: The Search for Reform_, Volume II (1983), p.9

[2] Bandes, Susan. “Fear factor: The role of media in covering and shaping the death penalty.” Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 1 (2003): 585.

[3] Ainsworth, Janet E. “Youth justice in a unified court: Response to critics of juvenile court abolition.” BCL Rev. 36 (1994): 927.

[4] Hannah-Moffat, Kelly. “Moral agent or actuarial subject: Risk and Canadian women's imprisonment.” Theoretical Criminology 3.1 (1999): 71-94.

[5] Foschi, Martha. “Double standards for competence: Theory and research.” Annual Review of Sociology 26.1 (2000): 21-42.

[6] Gotell, Lise, and Emily Dutton. “Sexual Violence in the ‘Manosphere’: Antifeminist Men’s Rights Discourses on Rape.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5.2 (2016): 65-80.

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14] Kelsey Mo. “Why feminists need to discuss gender disparity in the criminal justice system.” 10/16/16 10:48pm The State Press. https://www.statepress.com/article/2016/10/spopinion-gender-disparity-in-the-criminal-justice-system

[15] Clare Foges. “Women must face the same justice as men.” January 15 2018, 12:01am, The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/women-must-face-the-same-justice-as-men-xcmcx7d5j.

title: Sentencing disparity

question: What does the article say about studies about sentencing disparity?

answer: A 2006 study by Crow and Bales found that the Blacks and Hispanics received more intense and harsher penalties than the White/Non-Hispanic group. A 2001 University of Georgia study found substantial disparity in criminal sentencing men and women received. In 2012, Sonja B. Starr from University of Michigan Law School found that men receive 63% longer sentences on average than women do.

critique: A review of Sonja B. Starr's findings is omitted.

critique: The 2006 study by Crow and Bales found that "Blacks and Hispanics" received more intense and harsher penalties than the "White/Non-Hispanic" group. The answer does not mention this detail.

critique: The answer should mention the 2006 study by Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn.

critique: The answer omits the 2006 study by Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn.

critique: It's omitted that a 2006 study by Ann Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn found that women receive more lenient sentences than men.

critique: It is omitted that Ann Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn found that women receive more lenient sentences than men.

question: What does the article say in favor of race and gender being valid reasons for the disparity in sentencing?

answer: No answer

critique: The summary is missing some key information

critique: The question is answered in the text, but it is a long answer and can be summarized.

text: The text mentions Mirko Bagaric who says historically underprivileged groups should receive more lenient sentences.

question: What does the article say about who is more likely to commit violent crimes, man or woman?

answer: No answer

critique: The article doesn't say anything about who is more likely to commit violent crimes.

critique: The passage doesn't directly say that men are more likely to commit violent crimes. It does say that men receive longer sentences for similar offences though.


text:
COHORS QUINTA DELMATARUM CIVIUM ROMANORUM (“5th Cohort of Dalmatae Roman citizens”) was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It is named after the Dalmatae (or _Delmatae_), an Illyrian-speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged, and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they “made war on the Romans for a long time”. He also criticises the Dalmatae, a nation of pastoralists, for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture.[1] Indeed, the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean “shepherds”, derived from the Illyrian word _delme_ (“sheep”).[2] The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of AD 6-9. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the most difficult faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier. But after the war, the Dalmatae became a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.

According to Holder, a total of 12 _cohortes Delmatarum_ appear to have been raised after the suppression of the Illyrian revolt in two series, of 7 and 5 respectively. All these units were in existence by the time of emperor Claudius (r. 41-54)[3] Of these, 9 appear to have survived into the 2nd century.[4]

The regiment was probably raised by founder-emperor Augustus (r. 30 BC - AD 14) after 9 AD. It was certainly in existence by the time of Claudius (r. 41-54).[5][6] It is unclear why two _cohortes Delmatarum_ were given the same number _V_: this regiment and another _V Delmatarum_ in Germania Superior). Spaul suggests the regiment in Mauretania may be the cohors I Liburnorum, renamed. The regiment first appears in the datable epigraphic record in AD 88 in Mauretania Tingitana. It was still there in 158, the time of its last datable inscription.

Apart from diplomas, there is no epigraphic evidence for this unit. The regiment's title _c.R._ first appears in a diploma of 122. The honorific title _civium Romanorum_ (_c.R._ for short) was normally awarded by the emperor for valour to an auxiliary regiment as a whole. The award would include the grant of Roman citizenship to all the regiment's men, but not to subsequent recruits to the regiment. The regiment, however, would retain the prestigious title in perpetuity.[7] (N.B. Until 212, only a minority of the empire's inhabitants (inc. all Italians) held full Roman citizenship. The rest were denoted _peregrini_, a second-class status. Since the legions admitted only citizens, _peregrini_ could only enlist in the auxilia. Citizenship carried a number of tax and other privileges and was highly sought-after. It could be earned by serving in the auxilia for the minimum 25-year term.

Citations

[1] Strabo _Geographia_ VII.5

[2] Spaul (2000) 304

[3] Holder (1980) 112

[4] Spaul (2000) 302-14

[5]

[6] Spaul (2000) 308

[7] Goldsworthy (2005) 97

title: Cohors V Delmatarum c.R.

question: What does the article say about the Dalmatae?

answer: Strabo describes the Dalmatae as forward and warlike. He claims that the Dalmatae had not adopted money by the time their neighbors did. Strabo criticizes them for destroying fertile lands in their use of livestock, and that the name of the tribe itself meaning “shepherds” is derived from the word “delme”, understood to mean “sheep”. The Dalmatae were involved in the Illyrian revolt starting in AD 6 and 7, which lasted until 9. The war was described as the most difficult faced since the Punic Wars. They restored to be a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.

critique: Remove the most difficult faced since the Punic Wars and restores to be a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.

critique: "The Dalmatae were involved in the Illyrian revolt starting in AD 6 and 7, which lasted until 9." - this is incorrect. The revolt lasted from AD 6-9.

critique: "He claims that the Dalmatae had not adopted money by the time their neighbors did. Strabo criticizes them for destroying fertile lands in their use of livestock, and that the name of the tribe itself meaning “shepherds” is derived from the word “delme”, understood to mean “sheep”." - this is incorrect. The article says that Strabo criticized them for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture.

critique: The response contains extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The colon is unnecessary and can be removed.

critique: It's omitted that the name of the tribe is believed to mean "shepherds" but derived from the Illyrian word, delme.

critique: The last sentence is irrelevant to the question.

critique: The answer includes information about the Dalmatae's involvement in the Illyrian revolt, which is not mentioned in the text.

critique: "The Dalmatae were involved in the Illyrian revolt starting in AD 6 and 7, which lasted until 9." - this is incorrect. The revolt started in AD 6-9.

critique: The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces, not the Dalmatae tribe itself.

critique: The last two sentences are not relevant to the Dalmatae, but can be easily replaced to provide information on their reputation as a tribe.

text: Strabo describes the Dalmatae as backward and warlike.

refinement: Strabo describes the Dalmatae as forward and warlike. He claims that the Dalmatae had not adopted money by the time their neighbors did. Strabo criticizes them for destroying fertile lands in their use of livestock, and that the name of the tribe itself meaning “shepherds” is derived from the word “delme”, understood to mean “sheep”. The Dalmatae were involved in the Illyrian revolt starting in AD 6 and 7, which lasted until 9. The war was described as the most difficult faced since the Punic Wars. They restored to be a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.

question: What does the story say about cohorts Delmatarum?

answer: According to Holder, a total of 12 cohorts Delmatarum appear to have been raised after the suppression of the Illyrian revolt in two series, of 7 and 5, respectively. The records of 9 appear to have survived into the 2nd century.

critique: The answer should mention the name of the cohort.

critique: Should include information about the name of the cohort.

critique: The response misses to mention that the regiment was probably raised by founder-emperor Augustus after 9 AD and was certainly in existence by the time of Claudius.

critique: It is omitted that the 5th Cohort of Dalmatae Roman citizens was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment.

critique: The answer should mention the Cohors V Delmatarum.

critique: The text doesn't say that the cohorts were raised by the suppression of the Illyrian revolt.

critique: The answer could go into more detail about the cohorts, including the number of foundation cohorts.

critique: Very wordy and doesn't mention how the cohortes were emancipated to become a regiment of sorts.

critique: Missing the number of cohorts in cohorts Delmatarum

critique: The answer doesn't mention the cohors V Delmatarum.

question: What does the article say about the size of the cohorts?

answer: No answer

critique: There is no answer because the article does not say which cohorts were raised or created.

critique: The article gives specific numbers of 12 cohorts of the 5th cohort Delmatarum.

critique: The article does not discuss the size of the cohorts

critique: There is no answer because the question is not answered in the text.

critique: The answer is not found anywhere in the article. Needs to revise entire answer.

critique: The answer is not relevant to the question.


text:
[A Flint water bill.]
LANSING — Without debate, the Michigan House of Representatives unanimously approved providing $30 million to Flint to help pay water bills for residents and businesses in the city.

The bill would give a credit that would be applied to how much water people consume — roughly 65% of the water portion of a resident's bill. Businesses would be eligible for credit of 20% of the water portion of their bills. Residents and business owners would still be responsible for paying the sewer portion of their bills.

Residents have long complained about having to pay for water they could not drink. A lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court this week seeks more than $150 million in refunds and compensation for damages for water that the plaintiffs allege was dangerous, undrinkable and unusable.

New Michael Moore documentary gets free Flint showings

Flint’s chief financial officer, Jody Lundquist, told House members Wednesday that without the financial support from the state, “the city’s water fund is projected to run out of cash by this summer. Even with the appropriation, if public confidence can

While Democrats offered amendments that would have doubled the amount from $30 million to $60 million to pay for entire water bills, along with $3.5 million in aid to help with nutritional needs of children and families and $55 million to kick-start the removal and replacement of lead pipes, all those proposals failed before the bills was unanimously approved by the House.

"$30 million will not solve the problem. It will not be a sufficient amount of money to recoup the users from April 2014 to April 2016," said state Rep. Sheldon Neeley, D-Flint. "This bill is going to be a start. We don't want to reject anything that's going to provide some level of relief from ratepayers."

The House did approve additional guidelines on how the money will be spent, including a provision that none of the money be used for administrative costs and that no water bills that were delinquent before April 2014 —  when the city switched from using water from the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department that was drawn from Lake Huron to water from the Flint River — would be eligible for credits.

"It’s a big step now the third time that we’ve acted to send needed dollars to the city of Flint," said Speaker of the House Kevin Cotter, R-Mt. Pleasant, referring to $9.3 million approved last year to help the city connect back to Detroit's water system and the $28 million approved in January for a variety of services in Flint. "We're trying to be helpful where we can ... but no matter where we came down, there were going to be some that aren't going to be happy one way or another. It’s unfortunate that each time we act, its considered not enough."

The bill — SB 136 — has to go back to the Senate, which unanimously approved it two weeks ago, for concurrence in the changes made by the House. It's expected to be taken up on Tuesday.

Meanwhile, Gov. Rick Snyder on Thursday announced $2 million in additional funding to help Flint address its water infrastructure needs, including replacement of lead service lines.

Snyder said in a news release the money will be available for the city to start removing priority lead service lines within the next 30 days.

Based on estimates Flint Mayor Karen Weaver has received from the Lansing Board of Water and Light, which is assisting with the replacement of lead service lines, that should cover several hundred homes, he said.

Snyder said the money will come in the form of a Financially Distressed Cities, Villages and Townships Grant intended to reimburse the city for its $2-million share of the cost of reconnecting to the Detroit water system in October.

“This funding continues Michigan’s substantial and coordinated response to the Flint water crisis,” Snyder said. “We continue to ensure every possible resource is being utilized so that Flint families have safe and reliable drinking water in their homes and schools.”

Flint's drinking water became contaminated with lead in April 2014 while the city was under the control of a state-appointed emergency manager and began drawing drinking water from the Flint River as a temporary cost-cutting measure.

Activists deliver petitions urging Snyder to resign

Flint crisis attracts celebrity cash � and scammers

_Contact Kathleen Gray: 517-372-8661, kgray99@freepress.com or on Twitter @michpoligal_

question: Is there any reason why the Michigan legislators approved $30 million to Flint without debate?

answer: No answer

critique: There is an answer, but it's not in the text.

critique: There is no evidence that suggests the reason why the Michigan legislators approved $30 million to Flint without debate.

critique: The author uses semi-colons when using complete sentences, hence not why the bill.

question: What are the reasons why some people find the government reaction to Flint water crisis inadequate?

answer: Some people feel that the $30 million is not enough to pay for water that is unusable.

critique: The answer should mention the other amendments that were proposed.

critique: This answer is missing the amendment that attempts to double the money.

critique: The answer should mention the other proposed amendments.

critique: The answer does not mention the other complaints.

critique: The answer should mention the amendments proposed by Democrats.

critique: The article does not mention any specific amount of money that would be enough to pay for water that is unusable.

critique: The answer should mention the other complaints.

question: What forced the Michigan State government to respond to the Flint water problem?

answer: A lawsuit filed in U.S. District Court this week seeks more than $150 million in refunds and compensation for damages for water that the plaintiffs allege was dangerous, undrinkable and unusable.

critique: The lawsuit is not the only reason, but one of the reasons.

critique: The answer is a bit too specific and doesn't answer the question.

critique: Does not mention the Michael Moore documentary.

critique: The equivalent of a class action suit did not spur the need to help Flint pay water bills as the original article clearly states paying water bills is not the same as paying compensation for damages.

critique: The answer is not a direct response to the question.

critique: The answer should mention the water bill issue.

question: What are the guidelines set up by the state government around the funding providing for the Flint water crisis?

answer: It is clearly stated that no water bills that were delinquent before 2014 would be eligible for credits. It is also stated that no money would be used for the administrative costs of the funding.

critique: The answer does not mention the other guidelines.

critique: The answer should mention that the money will be used for the replacement of lead pipes.

critique: The second line is not necessary for answering the question.

critique: The answer could be clearer in its pronoun use.


text:
The former district manager at Insys Therapeutics was irate. Several doctors were not prescribing enough of the company’s Subsys painkiller, which contains fentanyl, a powerful and addictive opioid.

So the manager, Jonathan Roper, wrote his sales team a pointed email, saying that “we invest a lot of time, money, blood, sweat, and tears on ‘our guys,’ ” — a reference to doctors who were paid to speak to other physicians about the medicine. “We hire only the best of the best to be a part of our speaker bureau and dropping script counts is what we get in return? This is a slap in the face to all of you and is a good indication as to why NONE of you are climbing in the rankings this quarter.”

Last Thursday, Roper and a former Insys sales rep named Fernando Serrano were arrested and charged with violating federal kickback laws. They allegedly ran a scheme between October 2013 and June 2015 in which doctors were paid thousands of dollars to participate in “sham educational programs” designed to boost Subsys prescriptions, according to Preet Bharara, the federal attorney for New York. The email from Roper two years ago was part of the indictment.

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The arrests come amid intensifying controversy over the abuse and misuse of prescription painkillers and the extent to which these are appropriately prescribed. Federal health officials recently released new guidelinesurging doctors to restrict their prescribing and some lawmakers want to pressure the Chinese government to toughen its laws to stop the illicit export to the United States.

The problem gained additional notoriety recently when Prince, the celebrated musician, died of an overdose of fentanyl, although it was not clear which form of the drug he was taking.

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“Fentanyl is an incredibly dangerous and highly addictive drug that is finding its way into, and destroying, too many lives in our communities,” Bharara said in a statement announcing the arrests. Roper and Serrano, he said, “helped feed this devastating surge of opioid addictions by tapping into another age-old addiction, greed.”

An attorney for Serrano did not immediately return a request for comment. Neither did Insys. Roper could not be reached for comment.

This is not the first time that Insys has been named in connection with illegal activities designed to boost prescriptions for Subsys, which was approved in 2012 to treat cancer pain and generated nearly $330 million in sales last year.

Last February, a former Insys Therapeutics sales rep pleaded guilty to violating federal kickback laws in connection with an alleged scheme to boost sales of the opioid painkiller. And the drug maker is being probed by various federal and state agencies that are examining whether doctors were encouraged to prescribe the drug for unapproved uses.

The indictment, which was filed in federal court in New York, revealed details of how the former employees hoped to boost Subsys prescriptions.

For instance, the company arranged “social gatherings at high-end restaurants in Manhattan” that were supposed to involve teaching doctors about Subsys but did not really involve any education. Doctors were enlisted to speak at these events, but often “lacked an appropriate audience of health care professionals,” according to the indictment. To make them appear legitimate, sign-in sheets were sometimes forged by adding names of doctors who did not attend.

Some docs were later treated to sojourns at strip clubs.

Doctors who wrote numerous prescriptions were rewarded with lucrative speaking fees. In 2014 alone, Insys paid one physician $147,000 and another, $112,000. These were also two of the largest Subsys prescribers in the US that year, writing prescriptions worth more than $3 million and $2 million, respectively. The prescriptions were paid for by both private insurers and Medicare, which spent more than $1 million on them.

Also worth noting: One doctor wrote 300 to 500 prescriptions for the painkiller, but was not an oncologist, according to the indictment.

Insys sales reps, meanwhile, benefited from their relationships with high-prescribing doctors.

Serrano and other reps received bonuses based, in large part, on the volume of Subsys prescriptions written by the doctors they were assigned to work with, according to the indictment. Serrano received a $70,000 bonus in the first quarter of 2014, which was the eighth-largest bonus among Insys reps at the time.  In the fourth quarter of 2013, his bonus was about $100,000, the fifth-largest among Insys reps.

question: What does the text say about the amount of fentanyl found in the Subsys painkiller?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should be "the text doesn't say anything about the amount of fentanyl found in the Subsys painkiller".

critique: The answer should mention that fentanyl is a powerful and addictive opioid.

critique: The answer should mention that the painkiller contains fentanyl.

critique: The answer should mention the high amount of fentanyl found in the Subsys painkiller.

critique: The answer says that the only thing known about fentanyl is that it's powerful and addictive. However, the text does have some details about it.

question: What does the text say about Jonathan Roper?

answer: Jonathan Roper was the district manager at Insys Therapeutics. He was upset that several doctors were not prescribing enough of their Subsys painkiller. He wrote to his sales team that they were hired to speak to other physicians about the medicine. He was arrested and charged with violating federal kickback laws.

critique: The answer omits Roper's specific actions.

critique: The answer omits the fact that Roper wrote an email to his sales team two years prior to his arrest, which was part of the indictment.

critique: The answer should mention that Roper was the manager who wrote the email.

critique: The answer should mention that Roper was arrested for paying doctors to prescribe the drug.

question: Summarize the details of Roper and Serrano's scheme?

answer: Roper and Serrano were arrested for running a scheme in which doctors were paid thousands of dollars to participate in “sham educational programs” designed to boost Subsys prescriptions. The two were also charged with violating federal kickback laws.

critique: The answer should mention the "sham educational programs" were not actually educational.

critique: The answer should include the details of the scheme.

question: What does the text say about Insys Therapeutics track record?

answer: Insys Therapeutics has been named in connection with illegal activities designed to boost prescriptions for Subsys. The company has been accused of paying doctors to prescribe the drug for unapproved uses. Insys sales reps also benefited from their relationships with high-prescribing doctors.

critique: The answer is a summary of the events of the article, not a description of Insys' track record.

critique: The answer should mention the two former employees involved in the scheme.

critique: The answer should mention the two former employees who were arrested.


text:
Middle man}} “THE MIDDLE MEN” is the sixth episode of _Torchwood: Miracle Day_, the fourth series of the British science fiction television series _Torchwood_. It was originally broadcast in the United States on Starz on 12 August 2011.

_Torchwood: Miracle Day_ follows the aftermath of a day where humanity has stopped being able to die. In the episode, a team called Torchwood exposes information to the public about secretive concentration camps where wounded people are taken to be incinerated.

Plot summary

In the pre-credits sequence, PhiCorp COO Stuart Owens (Ernie Hudson) attempts to investigate PhiCorp construction sites in Shanghai but his hired investigator (Eric Steinberg) jumps off a high-story building to end consciousness, rather than tell him the horror of what is really going on. Jack (John Barrowman) later confronts Owens and learns from him that PhiCorp is as much a pawn as any other player in the system, and that whoever orchestrated the miracle has been working towards it for a very long time. He also learns of another term relating to the miracle which Owens' team of investigators have uncovered: “the blessing”, dating back to the 1990s.

In San Pedro, Rex (Mekhi Phifer) finishes his video message contained along with the footage of Dr. Juarez's (Arlene Tur) incineration, and Esther (Alexa Havins) begins to suspect something has happened to Dr. Juarez. Rex attempts to pass himself off as a soldier working at the San Pedro Overflow Camp but is unsuccessful and captured. Juarez's killer, camp director Colin Maloney (Marc Vann), briefly considers using Rex's video to expose the death of Dr. Juarez and become a hero, but then attempts to kill Rex. Esther finds them and is forced to strangle Maloney. With assistance from soldier Ralph Coltrane (Fred Koehler), who had been complicit in Juarez's murder, they are able to escape the compound with the footage. They release it, causing a public outcry, but do not affect the government's stance on Overflow Camps and the life and death category system.

In Wales, Gwen (Eve Myles) manages to break her father Geraint (William Thomas) out of the Overflow Camp as Rhys (Kai Owen) runs over the gates with Geraint in the back of his truck. With the Torchwood contact lenses, Gwen publicly broadcasts a message explaining the purpose of the Overflow Camps shortly before blowing up the Modules (where people are incinerated) at the Cardiff facility. However, touching down again in Los Angeles she is unable to make contact with Rhys. A mysterious phone call at the LAX white courtesy telephone tells her to put on her lenses, where she receives a message directly to her line of sight from some mysterious conspirators: they have her mother, husband and child, and to set them free she must deliver Jack.

Reception

Assignment X described the episode as “lackluster”, stating, “This story seems to excel in examining all the permutations of its premise in society – such as the intriguing “45 Club” early in this episode – but the further it goes in following the actual plotline with the Torchwood team and their investigation, the more frustrating it gets as a viewing experience”.[1] The Yorker was positive about the episode saying “With each new episode of Torchwood, the revelations become grimmer and more disturbing. The switch between Wales and the US works well now, and there’s a realistic contrast between the two.”[2]

The Guardian commented saying “it's actually starting to feel rather normal, this show being set in both California and Wales. It needed to eventually, It's Esther who really comes into her own this week. After inadvertently getting her sister's kids taken into care the other week, she's now gone through a Torchwood rite of passage in killing someone as Evil Colin enacts a horror movie cliche, grabbing her ankle and extending what are actually some pretty shocking and graphic scenes of violence against women. Still, her final, broken scene with Rex in the car, where unlike the rest of the team she would very clearly be doing absolutely anything else, was really very moving.”[3]

[1] http://www.assignmentx.com/2011/tv-review-torchwood-miracle-day-the-middle-men-review-1/

[2] http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/tv/7512

[3] https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2011/aug/13/torchwood-mirace-day-episode-six

title: The Middle Men

question: Describe the kind of show Torchwood: Miracle Day is.

answer: Torchwood: Miracle Day is a British science fiction television show, with some science-fiction elements. It stars John Barrowman and Eve Myles, and is broadcast on the Starz channel. It depicts the aftermath of a day where humanity has stopped being able to die, and how the world has reacted to the 'miracle'.

critique: It is not stated that Torchwood: Miracle Day is a British science fiction television show.

critique: Does not mention the focus on the Overflow Camps.

critique: The last two sentences don't describe what kind of show Torchwood is.

critique: The answer should mention the show's genre.

critique: The show has a lot of science fiction elements, but it's not a science fiction show.

critique: The answer should mention that the show is a drama.

critique: It's not clear how many episodes the series has.

critique: The second sentence is unnecessary and can be deleted.

critique: The answer says that the show stars John Barrowman and Eve Myles (returned back to the show after an interval of a few months), which is not true. The show received less favorable reviews as the series progresses.

critique: The response contains extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: Incomplete - it does not mention that the show is a serialized drama.

question: According to the show, what are the consequences of humans not being able to die?

answer: In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences.

critique: The second sentence is not explicitly stated in the show.

critique: This is not a consequence of not being able to die.

critique: "In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences." - this is not mentioned in the show.

critique: "In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences." - this is not a consequence of not being able to die. It is a consequence of the plot of the episode.

critique: The details about the consequences in this world are not described in this episode and are only revealed in later episodes.

critique: The response does not answer the question.

critique: The answer is not the consequences of the "miracle"

critique: There must be consequences of people not dying. This is not mentioned in the article.

critique: "In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences." - is not an accurate summary of what the show is saying.

critique: "In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences." - this doesn't answer the question. The consequences of humans not being able to die are not stated. The closest is that a world without death may be full of consequences.

critique: Information can be hard to conceptualize

critique: The answer is not related to the question.

text: The answer is not clear on how the consequences it mentions relate to people not being able to die, as such it is confusing.

refinement: In this world, killing is against the law, mass transport and concentration camps are created. So plenty of consequences.

question: Identify the members of the Torchwood team.

answer: John Barrowman, Neki Haber, Kurt, Myles is Gwen, Kai Owen is Rys, Alexa Havins is Esther, Genevieve continues to be Gwen's husband's companion, Ianto is the head of Torchwood and as yet unexplained (is Gwen's husband), Charlotte is a Torchwood operative, Clara and Ralph Coltrane (in the episode) were complicit in Juarez's murder, Rex and Jack are part of the Torchwood team.

critique: The answer is a jumble of names and roles, and doesn't answer the question.

critique: "are implicated in Juarez's murder" - this was not the case; Maloney was the only one implicated. Maloney is also the camp director, not the murderer.

critique: The names of the characters should be written in sentence case. Replace "Ianto" with "Ianto Jones" and "Gwen's husband" with "Rhys Williams".

critique: Genevieve is not Gwen's husband's companion. She is Gwen's sister.

critique: "Genevieve continues to be Gwen's husband's companion" is false and should be removed.

critique: 'Gwen is Gwen's husband.' - redundant since the subject in both the sentences is Sue and her husband. Unnecessary and it should be deleted. 'Rex and Jack are part of the Torchwood team.' - This is incomplete and it is not stated in the article.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: There are too many names mentioned for the question.

critique: "Ianto is the head of Torchwood and as yet unexplained (is Gwen's husband)" is not true.

critique: The answer is a jumble of names and information.

critique: "Ianto is the head of Torchwood and as yet unexplained (is Gwen's husband), Charlotte is a Torchwood operative, Clara and Ralph Coltrane (in the episode) were complicit in Juarez's murder, Rex and Jack are part of the Torchwood team." - this is incorrect. Ianto is never mentioned in the episode.

critique: 'Neki Haber, Kurt,' is irrelevant. Ianto and Jack are the only explicitly mentioned Torchwood members.

question: What is the "Blessing"?

answer: That information isn't explicitly stated, but it appears to equate to the blessing humanity has received that they can't die.

critique: "That information isn't explicitly stated, but it appears to equate to the blessing humanity has received that they can't die" is inaccurate. The "blessing" is really referred to as the "system" that is in place.

critique: The blessing is also called "the blessing"

critique: Not the blessing humanity has received that they can't die

critique: "That information isn't explicitly stated, but it appears to equate to the blessing humanity has received that they can't die." - it is not stated that the blessing is what humanity has received that they can't die, but that is the deduction. It is not explicitly stated.

critique: The nature of the blessing deserves to be more specific than 'it appears'.

critique: The blessing is the miracle of not being able to die

critique: The article does say what the blessing is: "the blessing”, dating back to the 1990s.

critique: The blessing is not explicitly stated, but it is implied that it is the blessing of immortality.

critique: Doesn't say anything about the blessing.

critique: The blessing is not explicitly stated, but it is implied it is the blessing of immortality.

critique: "That information isn't explicitly stated, but it appears to equate to the blessing humanity has received that they can't die." - this is a confusing statement, as it doesn't make sense and also, the blessing is not explicitly stated.


text:
    During life people are called many things, some good, some bad. Within a short eight years I’ve been called; a student, worker, son, good listener, hero, savior, and many more. Since I was ten I’ve been talking people out of suicide online. During my eight years of helping people, I’ve helped many people, created an online organization, and learned many new things. This has forever and will constantly change my life.

    Many people ask me, how did this happen? How does a ten year old get mixed up with people’s lives? It was three days after my tenth birthday, the smell of my moms homemade cake was still tangible in the air. I logged onto the computer and found a chat room. I came across a man inside the room. He was talking about ending his life because his wife was cheating on him and getting his kids. My heart was in my ears beating hard, my palms were clammy and wet like a river. I talked with him till late in the night past any ten year olds bed time. This man was set and ready to die, a mere child stopped him. Me.

    A few months after helping the man, I met a girl my age who was rather interested in the “work” I did. She wanted to be part of the action. Lillie and I decided to work together helping people we would find in chat rooms. This continued for about a year. Lillie started to struggle with herself, the constant pressure of someone’s life in your hands at that young of an age takes a heavy toll upon the beholder. Lillie messaged me one night, “Dominic I have a problem” I asked her what it was and she stated, she wanted to die. She couldn’t take helping people anymore. I remember crying, panicking, wanting her to see it my way and not do what she was planning. It all ended so fast only three words remained “Lillie Signed Off.”

    Three years have passed since Lillie’s death, I created an online organization, filled with teens helping people out of dark thoughts. I created this organization in memory of Lillie. DarkShadows. DarkShadows, was constructed of teens from around the world, looking for people with suicidal thoughts that wanted to help prevent suicide. One hundred and ninety-seven teens joined DarkShadows. Each night we would have meetings and we would talk with one another to see if everyone was ok. I learned that this “job” is to hard for one child to take on alone day in and day out, there needs to be an escape route. DarkShadows showed some amazing results, the teens in DarkShadows were able to talk to five hundred plus people out of suicide. With every construction there is a destruction.

    I had a hard time destroying DarkShadows for I was proud of it. I closed down DarkShadows because the stress was enormous, two people were talking people into suicide, three people committed suicide from the pressure, and people started to not care. DarkShadows lasted three years and I was shocked that I could uphold it for so long, but I knew it had to go. I will never forget what I’ve learned from these past experiences.

    I’ve learned, many things over the past few years. I’ve learned that even though the world seems to burn like a raging fireball, there are many people out there still that care for others. I’ve learned that it doesn’t take a hero to save someone, you don’t need a utility belt, powers, cape, gadgets, or a “cool” name to save someone. All you need is a heart, and the will power, and the determination. Everyone is a hero in a way, you’re a hero to your kid, give someone some change for the bus, do something that is not expected from you. You are a hero.

    My life has changed drastically due to this “job”. I have become a better listener, I became mature, I met new people. I think back from when I was ten, I would have never imagined that helping that one guy would take me this far. I feel that due to this, I have a good understanding of people. I can “read” them easier. At times I have thought is it worth it? Is it worth spending hours upon hours helping someone that I don’t even know? When you help someone the end result of them being alive thanks to you is by far the best feeling you can think of. My life will never be the same due to this and for that I am grateful.

    During my short life span I’ve been a lot of things and experienced even more things. Do these names and experiences define me? Or simply give a better understanding of me? By helping one man live through the loss of his wife and kids. I met a great friend that I hold dear in my heart. I became a leader, making tough decisions for a lot of people. I learned, people still care for one another in this world. This has ultimately affected, and effected my life forever and I will never forget it. To be a Hero, you don’t need a cape or a utility belt, just a heart.

title: To Be A Hero You Need A Heart (True Story)

question: What would have happened if Lillie did not kill herself?

answer: Dominic owns and runs DarkShadows, a global organization that tries to help people in need as well as prevent suicide. If Lillie did not kill herself and was still part of his life, Dominic would have never created DarkShadows.

critique: The answer is a bit speculative. It is possible that Dominic would have started the group even if Lillie did not kill herself.

critique: "Dominic owns and runs DarkShadows, a global organization that tries to help people in need as well as prevent suicide. If Lillie did not kill herself and was still part of his life, Dominic would have never created DarkShadows." - this is incorrect. Dominic created DarkShadows because he was inspired by Lillie's death.

critique: Dominic created DarkShadows in memory of Lillie.

text: The answer is a speculative one, so it would be better to use speculative terms like "it's possible".

refinement: Dominic owns and runs DarkShadows, a global organization that tries to help people in need as well as prevent suicide. If Lillie did not kill herself and was still part of his life, Dominic would have never created DarkShadows.


text:
August 26th, 2018 - 12:00 PM

[Death Cab for Cutie – Thank You For Today]

CLEAN AS A WHISTLE

Alt-rock mainstays Death Cab for Cutie have achieved something remarkable with their latest studio album, _Thank You For Today_, that they could perfectly sum up their record through its title and album art. Depicting a sky image within a larger border with some tricky shapes tossed in from clipart for flair, it is bland, poppy, upbeat and defeatedly functional. _Thank You For Today_ as a title sounds like a message on a greeting card. The album-title-over-sky effect looks like a trumped-up ripoff of the already boring album cover for LCD Soundsystem’s _American Dream_, which is a comparison _Thank You For Today_ would slobber at the mouth for. This new record, the ninth full-length studio effort by the five-piece, leans definitively into a contemporary pop sound, incorporating electronic elements into their sound, just like pretty much every other indie band over the past few years. Why beat against the current when you can swim right into it? Someday, someone is going to have to classify this ever-expanding field of indietronica, but this Death Cab for Cutie record is not that day.

To the credit of frontman Ben Gibbard and company, _Thank You For Today_ has a palpable current of energy running through its tight 38-minute running time. There’s hardly a wasted second across these ten tracks, but it must be said that some of the material filling in that space is questionable. The album opens with two energetic tracks, “I Dreamt We Spoke Again” and “Summer Years.” The latter is an album highlight with an unstoppable rhythm section, which offers a good introduction into the record’s sound. However, the record fails to pick up on its most interesting elements and immediately dives head first back into modern pop with the autotuned “Gold Rush,” which actually has some entertaining backing instrumentals at parts but is otherwise overwhelmed by grating vocals. Grating vocals are a running theme on _Thank You For Today_, along with lyrics that fail to break out of the community college poetry class mold, especially on the following track, “Your Hurricane,” which carries some real groaners like, “Heaven is just a hole in the sky,” and “…When your wreckage washes up on my shore…”

To the record’s credit all of the tracks are well-produced and contain a number of interesting ideas, but they more often than not feel overproduced, jumbling too many ideas together without fully developing any of them. And overlayed over all of that is auto-tuned singing that is not poorly used but quickly overstays its welcome, even as it takes up the majority of the record. This overproduction leaves _Thank You For Today_ feeling dryer than a bone. It is a shame because the tracks on this record are not boring, in fact, songs like “Northern Lights” and “Near/Far” are exciting, with simple drum beats and bass lines that work well together to create a tight, pop framework that just feels wasted being paired with lame-duck vocals and lyrics. The result is a track listing of songs that come across without personality or even a heart, which is disappointing from one of the pre-eminent emo-pop acts of the 2000s. The only thread tying anything together is Gibbard singing about the sky, or what the sky looks like, or what the sky represents–seriously there are at least three songs built around the image of the sky, which is just irritating by the end of the record as opposed to tying anything together. Even the most emo track on the record, “You Moved Away,” depicting a breakup of a relationship, is just not compelling relying on its emotional content.

Overall, it’s kind of like a boring Arctic Monkeys record without any British wit to bolster it. The feeling is just that, nine records in, the boys driving the Death Cab just were not inspired enough on this new record, preferring a product sharp, clean and poppy to the point of breaking.

question: Summarize the critic's sentiments about the album "Thank You for Today".

answer: The critic feels that the album is bland, poppy, upbeat, and defeatedly functional. The album title sounds like a message on a greeting card. The album cover looks like a trumped-up ripoff of the already boring album cover for LCD Soundsystem's "American Dream". The critic feels that the album is overproduced, jumbling too many ideas together without fully developing any of them. The critic feels that the album lacks personality and heart.

critique: The album cover is not a rip-off of the LCD Soundsystem album cover; it looks like a trumped-up rip-off of the album cover.

critique: The critic does not feel that the album lacks personality and heart.

critique: The critic's opinion about the album cover is irrelevant.

critique: The critic's opinion on the album's title and album art are irrelevant to the question.

critique: The critic's opinion of the album's title and cover are not relevant to the question.

critique: The critic doesn't feel the album lacks personality and heart.

critique: The critic's opinion of the album's title is irrelevant.

question: Summarize the author's general musical tastes, based on this review.

answer: The author seems to like rock music, but not so much the contemporary pop stuff. The author seems to like music that has a bit more going on and having more personality.

critique: The author seems to like rock music, but not so much the contemporary pop stuff. The author seems to like music that has a bit more going on and having more personality.

critique: The author does not like contemporary pop music.

critique: The author does not say anything about liking rock music.

critique: The author does not like the contemporary pop stuff.

critique: The author's tastes are not explicitly stated in the article. It is implied that the author does not like contemporary pop music, but it is not hard to find a rock band that has a contemporary pop sound.

critique: The author doesn't like the contemporary pop stuff.

critique: This isn't a positive review of the Arctic Monkeys record and it has a [not] for the answer. This part must be removed.

text: It would be better to omit this first sentence, as it's not clear from the article.

question: Explain what the reviewer finds remarkable about this album.

answer: The reviewer finds it remarkable that the band could perfectly sum up their record through its title and album art.

critique: The title and album art are not the only remarkable things about the album.

critique: The reviewer also finds it remarkable that the album has a palpable current of energy running through its tight 38-minute running time.

critique: The album art is not described as bland, poppy, upbeat, and defeatedly functional.

critique: The reviewer also finds the album's energy remarkable.


text:
[How to Choose a 3PL Logistics Provider (Top 5 Factors)]
Selecting the right LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER can be a tough experience for companies. Don’t shortcut the process though, because the reputation and success of your company may soon depend on your logistics provider’s reliability.

Avoid a potential logistics nightmare by using these 5 elements in selecting your perfect logistics provider (such as a third-party logistics company, or “3PL”).

1. CAPABILITIES

A prospective logistics provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company’s needs. Just because a provider is a rock star in one area, it’s not a forgone conclusion that they can service your firm properly.

Also, they should have a set of abilities that can satisfy your both your short-term and future requirements. For instance, EDI-capability may not be a requirement for you today, but what if it does become required for you in 12-24 months? Do you really want to unwind all the onboarding and integration work invested in a new relationship? Dig a little deeper and ask:

-   Are truckload lanes repetitive, originating from a limited number of shipping points and terminating to a relatively limited number of consignees?
-   Are shipments time-sensitive and/or do they require drop trailers? A mid-sized, asset-based carrier would meet these needs without getting sidetracked by their exceedingly large list of clients.
-   Are truckload lanes sporadic? Is there live loading/unloading or do shipments come from a high number of origins that terminate to a high number of receivers? If so, a 3PL provider or broker might be a better fit.
-   Do you require access to dedicated trucking assets and 3PL? A logistics provider that possesses both assets and a 3PL division may be able to offer optimal solutions.

If a provider claims to possess all the capabilities “under the sun” but your organization requires only a few core services… be wary of a company that is a “jack of all trades” and master of none.

2. CUSTOMER SERVICE

Does the logistics provider prioritize customer service, responsiveness, fluid lines of communication and effective problem solving? These elements can be difficult to ascertain early on but do your homework.

Virtually all companies claim to have excellent customer service, but how do you know? You ask their customers. Ask for references, preferably from companies in similar industries and needs. Good customer service is no accident. If the customer service is consistently excellent, it’s likely a result of a well-documented and repeated process that will continue over the years.

[Find a Logistic Provider with a Great Safety Rating]Another yield of good process execution is safety. It is uncommon for a logistics provider to achieve excellent results in customer service and poor results in safety or vice versa. It can be deduced that a safe logistics provider, probably provides good customer service.

3. SAFETY RECORD

Due to the ever-changing landscape of safety regulations, it is imperative that you select a carrier with a strong safety record. A review of safety ratings and statistics is available to the public here. Also, see how we value safety.

4. COMPANY STABILITY

Whether your supply chain is simple or complex, select a logistics provider with overall company stability. Top suppliers are consistent suppliers. Quality can be jeopardized as companies experience rapid change. How long has the company been around? (Since 1958, we’ve been saving time and money for our customers with logistics services.)

Furthermore, if one high-liability event occurs and your provider cannot withstand the fallout, the liability often shifts, in effect, to you the shipper. This concern can be eased if the provider’s “word”, name and reputation has remained intact through decades of market turbulence and economic uncertainty.

5. COMPANY REPUTATION

In a new business arrangement, you can rest assured that at some point the relationship will be tested. Often it as at this juncture, that the character of the service provider’s leadership will be revealed.

Before it is too late, investigate whether the provider is likely to respond with integrity and honor. Time will reveal whether the firm has a good, bad or ugly reputation with customers, suppliers, and employees.

-   How do they treat their suppliers and employees?
-   Are they an active and positive force within their community?
-   What type of reviews do they have online?
-   What are the consistent themes that appear again and again in their marketing material?
-   How long have they been in business?

The answers will go a long way to determining how the provider will be as a supplier and partner.

BONUS: Double-check all elements if a supplier’s price is significantly lower than the market.

-   What good is a cheap price if a provider doesn’t deliver consistently or provide an adequate response in the event of mishap?
-   What good is a cheap price if service failures cause you to lose revenue?
-   What good is a cheap price if your team spends countless hours resolving claims and problems?

Think about _THE TOTAL COST_ associated with selecting a long-term solution provider. The provider that offers you the overall lowest cost of working together is the partner you want around for years to come.

As we’ve discussed, finding the right logistics provider can be a daunting task. Use these 5 elements to narrow the field of applicants. We’ve been providing logistics services in the USA since 1958 and would be happy to figure out how we can help you improve your business. CONTACT US TO GET STARTED!

ABOUT BR WILLIAMS:

With humble beginnings back in 1958, BR Williams has grown into an award-winning supply chain management company servicing all 48 contiguous states and Canada. With facilities in Mobile AL; Piedmont, AL; Tallahassee, FL; Anniston, AL (two facilities); Eastaboga, AL; and Oxford, AL, B.R. Williams’ distribution network supports over 50 customers and another 2,550 in the Trucking and Logistics divisions. Industries served include the following: automotive, defense, home improvement, education, food raw materials, textiles, chemical, industrial packaging, metals (finished goods), highway safety and more.

TO DISCUSS YOUR DISTRIBUTION, LOGISTICS, OR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OPTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT US ONLINE OR CALL (800) 523-7963

question: Summarize the main points of consideration when choosing a third-party logistics supplier.

answer: The first consideration is capabilities. A provider must be competent in the specific service areas that meet your company's needs. They should also have the ability to satisfy both current and future requirements. The second consideration is customer service. A provider's customer service is important, and you should ask for references from companies in similar industries and needs. The third consideration is safety. A provider should have a strong safety record. The fourth consideration is company stability. A provider should have overall company stability. The fifth consideration is company reputation. A provider's reputation is important and you should investigate the way they treat their suppliers and employees, as well as their online reviews. The sixth consideration is price. While a cheap price is enticing, it is not necessarily a good thing if the provider doesn't deliver or if service failures cause you to lose revenue.

critique: safety record, company stability and reputation may be counted in the same as "capabilities". They are also dependent on each other. The first three criteria should be combined into one.

critique: Remove the sixth consideration, price, as it's not a consideration according to the text.

critique: The sixth consideration is not mentioned in the passage.

critique: The sixth consideration is not mentioned in the text.

question: What does the article say about how to ship large products?

answer: No answer

critique: The article has some information regarding shipping large products.

critique: The article does not discuss shipping large products.

critique: The response misses to mention that the article discusses how to choose a logistics provider, with 5 elements, one of which is capabilities.

critique: The article mentions specific methods such as truck, break bulk, skype, or conroads.

critique: The article does not answer this question.


text:
It was a bright night, a full moon was in the sky. Two friends of mine and I were staying with my dad's friends at this house out in this big flat grassy field. It had a single short wall to divide part of the yard with the gravel drive way that ran along the wall. At the end of the wall was a car port with a car parked under it. For some reason my two friends and I ran out of the house and started running toward the car port on the side of the wall with the drive way. There was a sort of urgancy to get there first, yet there was no reason to be scared. If anyone was watching us they would just assume it was three kids trying to race each other for no reason other than the fact that we were kids.

I wasn't the fastest, and the drive way was a good distance. I can remember seeing the stars shining bright in the sky aswell as the moon that hung just over the side of the car port. As I watch my two friends getting more and more distance in front of me, I saw something on the horizon releash a huge flash. I stopped dead in my tracks and gazed at this phenomenon. I could see my friends do the same thing. A few moments later an ear shattering boom swept across the field and my body was overtaken by an immense force that knocked me off my feet and onto my back. I sat up with my arms and dumbly gazed at this bright mass expanding in the distance. Enormous debris was flying far away in the distance.

My two friends were already running back down the drive way toward the house. As they passed me I could see utter fear in their faces. They didn't bother too look down at me, and kept running at full speed to the house. I knew I had to get up and run too, but my mind and body were so dazed at what just happened that I couldn't move at all. I was just sitting there staring at this ever expanding fiery mass, and all the debris that it conjured.

Back in the direction of the house I could hear a voice calling, I couldn't hear exactly what they were saying. It was enough to snap me out it. I got to my feet and took one last look at the explosion and the debris that was still hurdeling through the air. Running as fast as I could I made it to the house, I saw everyone sitting around and my two friends were already telling the adults what happened. I was still in shock and probably looked just as clueless as the fathers.
Some time passes, more people gather in the living room; mothers, daughters, a baby. I am sitting by myself. All I can hear are some murmors from the fathers trying to figure things out. I look around to see everyone else with someone, trying to reassure eachother, and I am alone.

We all decide to go outside. There is no more debris in the air, and all you can make of the explosion is a cloudy mass. The moon is still bright and visible, as are the stars. after sometime of hushed conversation that I can't make out, something happens. I look to the moon and lines of light start shining through what appear to be cracks in its surface. The light grows brighter, and as before an unimaginable sound cracks the silence of the night. My heart races and my body is unmovable. Shock overtakes me as a large chunk of the moon flies toward the Earth. It travels slightly beneath the horizon and then makes impact. Another quaking noise goes through the air, but this time at a deeper volume. A tidal wave of lava, smoke and fire rises and billows, covering the night sky. It is moving in every direction at an insane speed.

As everyone is in panic, running and grabbing children, trying to espace their certain doom, I find myself alone, again standing in this grassy field with no one. The most terrifying of all things engulfs my mind. I am going to die alone, with no one to care for, and no one to care for me. There is nothing I can do about it.

The last thing I can remember as the mass of lava approaches is not the fear running through my body, but the slow, calm breeze of the summer night. I accept my fate, and instead of dying in a state of chaos, I decide to come to peace with it, knowing I cannot change anything. I turn around, facing the other direction of the impact. Stars are still visible in the other half of the night sky. It is cloudless and bright. I lay down on the cool grass and gaze upon the universe. There is nothing specifically going through my mind, I am not worried about anything, but I am also not happy at the same time. I am just living in the moment.

As I feel the rumbling behind me, I knew it was getting closer. I take one last look at the night sky, and close my eyes, only hearing the world now. The rumbling grows louder, and my heart races. All of a sudden I hear a tone, my heart is beating slowly. I feel nothing and see darkness.

I wake up.

title: Short Story (can't think of a title)

question: Summarize the main conflict.

answer: Three boys are outside on a bright night, staying at a friends house when they see and hear something explode in the distance. The moon crumbles and starts to come closer to the earth. The boys are all alone and wonder if they will die without anyone else around them.

critique: It is omitted that the narrator is the only one who survives the experience.

critique: The boys aren't really alone, they're just separated from their parents by the explosion.

critique: It is omitted that the boys see the moon crumble and start to come closer to the earth.

text: "The boys are all alone and wonder if they will die without anyone else around them." - this is incorrect. Two of the boys already left with the adults, while the last boy (the narrator) was left behind. Change to "The boy is all alone and wonders if he will die without anyone to care for him."

question: Summarize what happens to the moon.

answer: The moon gets hit by an object while the narrator watches it. While others are in a panic, the narrator feels calm knowing they cannot do anything in their current situation. The narrator then observers part of the moon exploding and flying down toward Earth. The narrator loses consciousness when the moon hits the ground.

critique: The narrator is not watching the moon get hit.

critique: The moon is not hit by an object. It is hit by a chunk of the moon.

critique: The moon doesn't explode; it's hit by a large chunk of it.

critique: "The narrator then observes" - the narrator did not observe anything because the moon already exploded.

critique: The narrator doesn't lose consciousness when the moon hits the ground.

critique: It is said that a chunk of the moon actually flies toward the Earth, which the narrator sees beforehand. The chunk is traveling beneath the horizon, which implicates it's flying toward the Earth.

critique: The moon doesn't explode, it's hit by a chunk of it.

question: What does the story say about accepting your fate?

answer: The narrator feels paralyzed and hopeless. They can see that everyone else panicking and are leaving them behind. The only thing running through the narrator's mind is the fact that they are going to die alone. It is a horrifying feeling to know that no one will find them. The narrator chooses to accept it and decides to come peacefully knowing that their's is a hopeless scenario. The narrator turns their back and accepts their fate. They resign any to be ready for the worst and come to peace with their death. This is a great feeling for them.

critique: The response contains inaccurate information.

critique: The narrator isn't resigned to the fact that they are going to die.

critique: The narrator does not feel paralyzed and hopeless.

critique: The narrator doesn't resign themselves to anything. They resign themselves to the fact that they cannot change anything.

critique: The narrator's reaction to the lava onslaught is a little bit incoherent.

text: "They " - using "singular they" is not necessary since it's clear from the story that the narrator is a boy. This only makes the response hard to read and confusing.

question: What does the story say about what people do when they are afraid?

answer: No answer

critique: The response misses to answer the instruction in the task.

critique: The response misses to mention that when people are afraid they panic, grab children and try to escape their certain doom.

question: Summarize the narrator's reaction to their dream.

answer: They wake up shortly after the lava hits. Before that eruptive moment, however, the dream sees them trying to come to terms with their fate, to take the wisdom that they realized back into the 'real world'. In that way, they are at peace knowing they cannot change it.

critique: "before that eruptive moment, however" is confusing between two different thoughts

critique: The narrator is not trying to come to terms with their fate. They are accepting it.

critique: The narrator is not trying to take the wisdom back into the real world.

critique: "They wake up shortly after the lava hits. Before that eruptive moment, however, the dream sees them trying to come to terms with their fate, to take the wisdom that they realized back into the 'real world'." - the narrator wakes up before the lava hits. The narrator's reaction to the dream is to accept their fate and come to peace with it.

critique: The narrator wakes up before the lava hits.

critique: The narrator does not wake up before the lava hits.

critique: The narrator is not trying to come to terms with their fate, they are at peace with it.

text: The response is incorrect. There is no information about the narrator's reaction to his dream because the story ends after he wakes up.