text:
COHORS SECUNDA DELMATARUM (“2nd Cohort of Dalmatae”) was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It is named after the Dalmatae, an Illyrian-speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged, and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they “made war on the Romans for a long time”. He also criticizes the Dalmatae, a nation of pastoralists, for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture.[1] Indeed, the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean “shepherds”, derived from the Illyrian word _delme_ (“sheep”).[2] The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of 6-9 AD. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the most difficult faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier. But after the war, the Dalmatae became a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.

According to Holder, a total of 12 _cohortes Delmatarum_ appear to have been raised after the suppression of the Illyrian revolt in two series, of 7 and 5 respectively. All these units were in existence by the time of emperor Claudius (r. 41-54)[3] Of these, 9 appear to have survived into the 2nd century.[4]

The regiment was probably raised by founder-emperor Augustus (r. 30BC-14AD) after 9 AD. It was certainly in existence by the time of Claudius (r. 41-54).[5] Its early movements are unknown. Holder suggests that the regiment may have taken part in the Roman invasion of Britain (43), but there is no supporting evidence. It first appears in the datable epigraphic record in 105, in Britannia. It was still there in the 3rd century, the time of its last roughly datable inscription, a votive altar at _Magnis_ (Carvoran, Northumbria).[6] The _Notitia Dignitatum_, a late Roman official document, records a _cohors II Delmatarum_ at _Magnis_ under the dux Britanniarum, the commander of _limitanei_ (border forces) along Hadrian's Wall.[7] The Western section of the _Notitia_ was drawn up in the 420's but the British units must date to before 410, when the island was evacuated by the Roman army.

The names of 2 _praefecti_ (regimental commanders) are attested. One, Iulius Maximus is attested as from the city of Rome (135). The other, Marcus Caecilius Donatianus, is attested in the votive altar at Carvoran (3rd century) to a _virgo caelestis_ (“celestial virgin”), probably Tanit, the guardian-goddess of Carthage, implying that Donatianus was perhaps from Africa proconsularis. Also attested is an _imaginifer_ (bearer of the imperial image) (3rd century) and a _pedes_ (common foot soldier) of the Treveri Gallic tribe (135).[8]

Citations

[1] Strabo _Geographia_ VII.5

[2] Spaul (2000) 304

[3] Holder (1980) 112

[4] Spaul (2000) 302-14

[5]

[6]

[7] _Notitia Dignitatum_ Title Occidens XL

[8]

title: Cohors II Delmatarum

question: Summarize everything related to battles.

answer: The 2nd Cohort of Dalmatae fought in the Illyrian revolt of 6-9 AD. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The 2nd Cohort of Dalmatae may have taken part in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43, but there is no supporting evidence. The regiment may have been at the border forces along Hadrian's Wall. The Western section of the Notitia was drawn up in the 420's but the British units must date before 410 when the island was evacuated by the Roman army.

critique: The Dalmatae were not at the border forces along Hadrian's Wall.

critique: Remove the information about the Western section of the Notitia, the British units, and the date of the invasion of Britain.

critique: The 2nd Cohort of Dalmatae was not at the border forces along Hadrian's Wall.

critique: Omits mention of the the 2nd cohort being mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum

critique: The 2nd cohort of Dalmatae was not in existence by the time of Claudius.

question: Summarize everything relating to historical fgures.

answer: The Dalmatae were a warlike tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. The Dalmatae fought against the Romans for a long time. The Roman writer Suetonius describes the war between the Dalmatae and the Romans as the most difficult faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier. The Dalmatae became a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army. The regiment was probably raised by founder-emperor Augustus. The names of two regimental commanders are attested. One, Iulius Maximus, is attested as from the city of Rome. The other, Marcus Caecilius Donatianus, is attested in the votive altar at Carvoran.

critique: Remove the first sentence, it does not contain any historical figures.

critique: Remove the last two sentences. They are not relevant to the question.

critique: The Dalmatae were not historical figures.

critique: Remove the last two sentences, they are not relevant to the question.

critique: Since the question is not asking for a specific individual, Suetonius' role of the war makes him the most important figure related to the matter. Replace the last quarter of the response to refocus on him.

critique: Remove the mention of the Dalmatae as a tribe as it is not a historical figure.

critique: The Dalmatae fought against the Romans in the Illyrian revolt, not for a long time.

question: What does the article say about the cohors secunda delmatarum's battles with nations other than Rome?

answer: No answer

critique: The article does mention the Dalmatae's battles with other nations.

critique: The article does mention the Dalmatae's battles with Rome.

critique: The response misses to provide an answer to the task.

critique: The model doesn't attempt to answer the instruction. Rubric should be read in full to understand what is expected of a response.

critique: It is omitted that the 2nd cohort of Dalmatae was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment.


split: train

text:
Adrian sat down on the ledge.

How had it come to this? Less than a year ago, he had been a happy, ordinary man. He’d had a wife, kids, a stable job, a life. And then, suddenly, it came. So fast it wasn’t even given a name. It was simply ‘the virus’. A brutal disease, which would infect a victim in the morning and leave them a pale corpse by the evening of the next day. There was no human resistance to it. People fell in their thousands, every day. No-one was spared.

Except, somehow, for Adrian.

At first it had seemed a blessing. While he and his family lived, he was glad that he was managing to avoid the infection, and to stay healthy and strong. But gradually that attitude changed. As his family were picked off, one by one, the joys of survival began to turn sour in his mouth. And then his miraculous immunity finally revealed its true colours as a curse. He, an ordinary man, was left living as governments collapsed, cities crumbled, and civilisation fell. He stood, alone in the wreckage, with nobody except his shadow and his tortured soul.

But, to his credit, he had kept going. After all, statistically, he couldn’t be the last one really. There were over 7 billion people in the world, before the virus struck. The chances of him, Adrian Lucas, being the only one left were astronomically low. So he searched. He took a massive supply of canned food, got in his car, fuelled it with the remnants from the abandoned petrol stations, and drove. For months, he looked for any sign of life. Another car, a pillar of smoke, anything to show that he wasn’t alone. Because he couldn’t be alone. It was impossible. At least, that’s what he kept telling himself.
But here he was, at the top of the Empire State building, thousands of miles from home, definitively alone. It seemed an appropriate place to end it all. Adrian felt there was a certain irony in the last human falling from one of mankind’s most iconic landmarks. Maybe it was for the best anyway. God knows, humans had tortured their planet. Surely a quick and relatively painless death was all they deserved, and it would allow the world to return to its former state, where no creature was overly dominant. A world without humans, Adrian decided, would be a better world for almost every other animal. That made him feel a little better.

Still, that didn’t do much to make him feel better about what he was about to do. His race had dominated this world for millennia. Sure, the world, in places, had suffered. There was no arguing that. But wasn’t the cost worth the reward? Humans had done miraculous things. They had seen that natural materials couldn’t fulfil their every want, and rather than choosing to believe they could not achieve what they wanted, contrived to make things that had simply never existed before. He was sitting directly on a prime example of that. Steel does not, and had never, naturally formed. And yet here Adrian was, being supported by it, because man had decided they needed something more structurally sound than what they had already. No other animal could do that. And that wasn’t all. Humans had sunk to the bottom of the ocean. They had looked up at the sky, and flown to the moon. They had constructed the perfect habitat for themselves, lived in it, and perfected it. They were incredible. And here Adrian sat, preparing to snuff it all out in an instance.

Oh sure, the virus had done most of the work (another irony there; a being so simple capable of annihilating arguably the most complicated race in existence), but it was Adrian delivering the final blow. He would be the one who pushed off and snuffed out the human race. That argument was almost strong enough for him to get up and carry mankind’s torch just a little further.

Almost. But not quite.

At the end of the day, a life alone was no true life. Adrian sighed, and pushed his weight over the open air. His arms held him up for a brief second. Just enough time for him to close his eyes. Then he fell.
But he felt no rushing air, and heard no sickening thud. Instead, he felt a tight grip around his wrist.

‘You ain’t getting away from us that easily, buddy’

Adrian smiled. He didn’t recognise the voice, he didn’t know where the voice would take him now. But none of that mattered. For he was no longer alone.

title: Survivor [RF]

question: What does the story say about Adrian?

answer: Adrian is the last human being alive. He is immune to the virus that wiped out the human race. He is a survivor. He has a wife and kids, and a stable job. He is an ordinary man. He is also a pessimist. He thinks that the world would be better off without humans. He is also suicidal.

critique: It's omitted that Adrian decides to kill himself.

critique: The response is missing some details about Adrian.

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian is about to commit suicide.

critique: The detail about him not being the last human is included in the passage and should be omitted from here.

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian is about to kill himself.

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian is the one who decides to kill himself.

question: What does the story say about Adrian and the disease?

answer: Adrian is immune to the disease that is wiping out the human race. He is the only one left. He is glad that he is managing to avoid the infection, and to stay healthy and strong. He is also glad that his family is still alive. However, as his family members are picked off one by one, the joys of survival begin to turn sour in his mouth.

critique: The answer omits the fact that Adrian is about to kill himself.

critique: Adrian is not the only one left. He is one of the few survivors.

critique: The answer should mention his decision to commit suicide.

critique: The answer omits the fact that Adrian eventually decides to kill himself.

critique: The answer is a bit misleading. It makes Adrian sound like he is glad his family members are dying. He is not.

critique: Adrian is glad his family is still alive. "He was glad that he was managing to avoid the infection, and to stay healthy and strong."; is redundant or can be removed

text: Adrian's family is not still alive. They died and Adrian believes he is the last man on earth.

category: accuracy

question: What does the story say about its setting?

answer: This story is set during an apocalyptic event where the population is struck with a virus that, by the next day, causes its victims to be a pale corpse. Normally, a virus progresses slowly, sometimes for years, but not this one. The disease becomes airborne and spreads like wildfire.

critique: The answer is misleading. It's not clear if the virus is airborne or not.

critique: The virus's progression is not mentioned.

critique: The answer should mention Adrian's immunity.

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian survives the virus.

critique: The summary is mostly based on the preamble and creates an inaccurate impression of the story (setting, the nature of the virus, etc.).

critique: The response is inaccurate. The virus progresses slowly.

question: What does the story say about the "curse"?

answer: The "curse" is Adrian's immunity to the virus. He is the only person in the world that has survived the virus. The "curse" is the fact that the virus has decimated the human population and Adrian is left to survive alone.

critique: The answer should mention the irony of the situation.

critique: The answer omits that Adrian's immunity to the virus is a blessing at first but then becomes a curse for him.

critique: The term "curse" is a bit misleading and should be replaced with "benefit" or "advantage".

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian is about to commit suicide.

critique: The answer should mention that Adrian is about to kill himself.

critique: It's omitted that Adrian is the only one left alive.


text:
She opened her eyes, and all she saw was a searing white light. She felt a biting cold metallic surface beneath her. She was laying down, in a metal room with only one door; a heavy, solid metal door. The florescent lights: the searing light, buzzing incessantly above her. They were driving her mad. She suddenly felt a pool of warmth beneath her head; blood. It was bleeding. To her relief it was only a slight trickle. To her horror there was a large dried pool of blood below her. A few drops trailed off to the opposite end of the room. And she saw him.

Lying there on the floor, opposite to her was a man. She saw no blood around him, but saw blood on his hands. Lying between them were a syringe and a keycard. The syringe was empty; what was in it? She wondered. Did he attack me? What is this place? Why am I here? Why can't I remember? She couldn't remember. She couldn't remember anything at all; who she was, where she was, and why she was here. She couldn't remember; and she was afraid. Did he lock me in this room for something I did? Was this man a guard at this facility? Or were this man's intentions more...malignant? She didn't want to know. She wanted to get out; she had to get out. She had to find some answers.

She stood up and made her way towards the door, still slightly ajar. As she approached the threshold, she noticed a camera. What is this place she thought and what is it for? She left into the hallway, and stared down its sterile walls, glistening in the white light. There were more cells, but there was silence. She was unsure of whether that was a good sign or not. She made for the door at the end of the hallway; it looked different from the rest, perhaps it wasn't a cell, perhaps it was a way out. She hoped it was. When she reached the door, her heart sank; it was locked.

The key card in the room! It was the only thing she had to go on, the only ray of light in her frightening nightmare. Feeling hopeful, she raced to the end of the hall for the key card. When she reached the cell she had awoken in, she entered and made her way for the card, not noticing that the man had woken up, and was watching her. As she goes to leave the room, she hears an unsettling, animalistic growl. She turns back to see the man, crouching, staring at her with a predator's gaze. Looking closer at his eyes, she notices that his eyes are a yellowish color; like a cat's eyes. His nails had sharpened, and were more like claws. What was in that syringe? Was he planning on doing that to me?

Suddenly, the feral beast leaped. Thinking quickly, she pulled the door closed just in time. She started to run down the hall and then she heard that noise. The feral creature let out a sickening roar. The nightmarish noise paralyzed her with fear. For an eternity, she could not move, could not think, could not breath. What made her move wasn't fear of the beast behind her. It was the new sounds she heard. The other cells were alive with movement; something was lurking behind their walls. With an ever deepening sense of terror, she ran towards the door, inserted the key card, and turned the handle; the door opened. The minuscule amount of relief she felt was extinguished when she heard the footfalls of the beast. Without even looking, she went through the door and into the new room. She turned and closed the door, seeing the beast lunge forward, more feral in appearance than before, just in time for it to crash into the closed door. She was safe, for now.

Turning to examine the room, she saw monitors. Monitors that showed the horrors in the other cells. Creatures that lurked and prowled with vicious intent. Creatures that writhed and squirmed in agonizing pain. This facility...was for experimentation on human beings. Just who the hell are these people? What are they doing? What are these vile bastards doing to these poor people? Sitting down, she started to go through some notes lying on the table. They were of someone named Dr. Moreau. This despicable person wrote about these people, his "patients" with no empathy, no remorse. He was now one of his own experiments.

"Doctor, are you there? The Colonel is waiting for the latest results of your testing." It was a man's voice on the other side of the door opposite from the one with the cells. She sat frozen with fear. What would happen to her when he found out what happened to the doctor, that he had become one of his pets? "Doctor? I'm coming in..." The door slowly opened, and a man wearing heavily padded, black colored clothing came in. He was holding a gun. When he stepped into the room, he raised it and fired. At that moment, a life was silenced.
But it was not hers...

Lowering his weapon, he turned to her and said, "Your bleeding, come with me to the infirmary." When she didn't respond, didn't even breath, he said it. Those words which shattered her utterly and will haunt her for the rest of her days. It was just a simple question, yet it implied so much.

"Doctor Moreau, are you alright?"

title: This was a short story I wrote for a high school English class. I was told by my teacher that it was well written, but I would like some criticism from you guys and gals. (This story is about 5-6 years old) [Battle Not With Monsters]

question: Summarize the twist of the story.

answer: The narrator wakes up in a room with no memory of who she is or how she got there. She sees a man and a syringe lying between them, but does not see any blood around the man. The narrator assumes that the man has attacked her, but it turns out the man has injected himself with the syringe, transforming him into a feral beast. The narrator realizes she is in a facility used for experimentation on humans and that she is Dr. Moreau, the one running the experiments.

critique: The response inaccurately mentions that the man has transformed into a beast.

critique: The narrator is Dr. Moreau, not the narrator.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The answer omits the twist of the story.

critique: The syringe and the beast aren't lying between the man and the narrator.

text: It's false that the man injected himself. It's not clear who injected him. This should be omitted.

question: What does the text say about the monitor room?

answer: The monitor room is where the narrator found notes from Dr. Moreau. The monitor room had monitors that showed the horrors in the other cells. The creatures that lurked and prowled with vicious intent. Creatures that writhed and squirmed in agonizing pain.

critique: The monitor room was where the narrator was.

critique: The monitor room is where the narrator found notes from Dr. Moreau.

critique: The monitor room is where the narrator found notes from Dr. Moreau. The monitor room had monitors that showed the horrors in the other cells. The creatures that lurked and prowled with vicious intent. Creatures that writhed and squirmed in agonizing pain.

critique: This is the big reveals of the doctor's heinous actions explained

text: The last two sentences are unnecessary and should be omitted.

category: coherence

question: Summarize how the narrator lost her memory.

answer: No answer

critique: The answer is false and the correct answer isn't available


text:
[Our-Pact-super-sponsor]

I just got a flyer in the mail from one of those big online photo companies offering me 40 percent off if I order my holiday cards now. Once upon a time, this would have set off a feeling that I was behind the curve for sending those cards in the mail, but no longer. This isn’t because I’ve become so organized that I had already ordered them by the first day of Fall, nor is it because I’ve become so curmudgeonly that I’m skipping the whole holiday season. No, it’s that over the years, I’ve come to realize that one holiday is about as good as another for connecting with old friends.

To be clear, I’m not at all grumpy about Christmas cards; I’m far from it. I like getting them, I like seeing how old friends’ kids are growing up and what part of their lives they choose to highlight. I’m amused by the range of effort: there are those who clearly get a professional photo shoot every year and those who grab the one snapshot off their phones where everyone’s eyes were open. I even really like the letters that some people send out that seem equal parts about updating their friends, and embarrassing their children.

I have one friend whose card is always like magic. She gets out scrapbooking tools and die-cutters and different colored paper and makes each and every person a gorgeous card with a personal note. One year, she sent a perfect little paper coffee cup, and my daughter pretended it was hot chocolate for the next six months. Every time I get one, I’m totally touched.

So please don’t drop me from your list just because I didn’t get around to sending you a card within the traditional winter holiday time period. Instead, join my holiday card revolution.

A few years ago, by the time I finally got around to placing my card order on December 26th, I realized it was silly to order Christmas-themed cards, so I went with a New Year’s one instead. This was a revelation.

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[]Listen to Moose O’Donnell read his post _Cards For All Seasons_ on STITCHER , iTunes or simply click here:

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Okay, as thoughts go, maybe it doesn’t sound so brilliant, but mull it over. The weeks before the holidays are busy. There’s work, there’s school, there are parties and dinners, and trees to trim. It’s not like that giant box of peppermint bark is just going to eat itself. Seriously, the last thing I have time to do is wrestle my address list. Suddenly understanding that these old-fashioned paper connections could happen at any time of the year means they can happen on my terms when the timing makes sense.

This revelation was so freeing that the next year I blew all the way through January before getting around to thinking about cards. That year I sent Valentine’s Day cards to all and sundry. That felt a little weird, actually. I send cards to a lot of people I really care about, but more in the “I love you, man, you’re the best” sense rather than the champagne-and-canoodle-by-the-fire interpretation usually associated with Valentine’s Day. So Valentine’s Day sort of works, but isn’t necessarily my favorite.

The following year was better. I realized, why not choose a silly holiday that would pop up in people’s mailboxes like a shot out of the blue. That year it was late January, just in time for Groundhog Day on February 2nd!

The only real challenge with this idea comes from the fact that the card printing companies don’t have great options for non-standard holidays. There are any number of choices for Christmas, Hanukkah and Kwanza and many others. But Groundhog Day? Not so much. Embracing the notion that any holiday can be your card muse may require a bit of creativity with the more generic themes on offer at the card stores.

Last year presented an especially amazing card opportunity.  It was 2015, and that meant that March 14th wrote out as 31415. Oh, be still my geeky heart: that’s Pi Day to more decimal places than it will be for another century! (for those of you without geeky hearts, Pi – or Π if your browser is up to the task – is a mathematical constant, the first digits of which are 3.1415926. Geeks get really excited about it, and take it as an excuse to eat pie on March 14).

But don’t despair, you haven’t missed the fun. Pi is generally rounded to 3.1416, so 2016 is another great Pi Day card year. And after that? Next year, it might be St. Patrick’s Day before I get around to it. But keep those cards coming; I promise I’ll return the favor eventually.

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READ THIS NEXT:

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Read more from the CONNECT posts

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ABOUT MOOSE:  In addition to getting creative with holiday card timing, Moose O’Donnell likes to get creative in the kitchen, often by mixing electronics and power tools. His kids usually think this is hilarious (his wife sometimes agrees, depending on the resulting mess). He dabbles in marine biology and medical innovation, both of which benefit from electronics and power tools. He thinks Pi day is about as good as a holiday gets. Check out his projects on Moosecraft.

Follow Moose on  Twitter | LinkedIn

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[One holiday is about as good as another for connecting with old friends. Join the holiday card revolution and send cards for your favorite holiday instead of Christmas.]

_This post was written by Moose O’Donnell exclusively for BonBon Break Media, LLC_

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question: Summarize the different Christmas cards the author receives.

answer: The author receives cards from friends who get a professional photo shoot every year, and those who grab a snapshot off their phones. Some send letters that are equal parts about updating their friends and embarrassing their children. One friend makes each person a gorgeous card with a personal note.

critique: The answer should explain why she chooses to send her cards at different times other than Christmas.

critique: The author's friend who makes cards is not mentioned in the passage.

critique: The author's friend's card is not described as gorgeous.

critique: Doesn't mention the card with a paper coffee cup.

critique: The author's friend who makes cards is not mentioned in the text.

question: Summarize the author's shifting timeline for sending holiday cards.

answer: The author used to send their cards in December, but realized that it was silly to order Christmas-themed cards. They sent cards in January. The next year, they sent Valentine's Day cards. The following year, they sent cards on Groundhog Day. The author is now sending cards on Pi Day.

critique: The last card sending date isn't expressed clearly.

critique: The author's shifting timeline for sending holiday cards is not limited to Groundhog Day, Valentine's Day, and Pi Day.

critique: The author does not send cards on Groundhog Day. They send them on Pi Day.

critique: The author's shifting timeline is more involved than the answer suggests. The answer should include the author's decision to send cards on Pi Day.

critique: The author is not sending cards on Pi Day.

critique: The author is sending cards on Pi Day, not Groundhog Day.

question: What does the article say about the best way to write Christmas cards?

answer: No answer

critique: The article does not say anything about the best way to write Christmas cards.

critique: The article does have an answer: There is no best way.

critique: The article does not answer the question.

critique: The article does not answer this question.

critique: The question is asking for the best way to write Christmas cards, and the article does not answer this question.

question: Summarize the author's feelings about Christmas cards.

answer: The author likes getting Christmas cards and seeing how old friends' kids are growing up. They are amused by the range of effort, from those who get a professional photo shoot every year to those who grab a snapshot off their phones. The author also likes the letters that some people send out.

critique: The response is missing a few details about the author's feelings about Christmas cards.

critique: The author's feelings about Christmas cards are not limited to the cards themselves.

critique: The author's feelings about Christmas cards are not limited to the letters.

critique: The author's feelings about Christmas cards are summed up in the second sentence. The first sentence should be eliminated.

critique: It's omitted there's a personal touch to the cards that really touches the author.

critique: The author is not grumpy about Christmas cards.


text:
The HOUSE OF BOURBON-BRAGANZA (Spanish: Casa de Borbón-Braganza; Portuguese: Casa de Bourbon-Bragança) was an Iberian noble house that had its origins in a royal marriage arranged in 1785 between Gabriel of Bourbon, Infante of Spain and Mariana Victoria of Braganza, Infanta of Portugal. Their descendants served as Dukes of Marchena, Durcal, Hernani, and Ansola.

History

Their surviving son, INFANTE PEDRO CARLOS OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL (1786–1812), was brought up in the Portuguese court, first in Lisbon and, after 1807, in Rio de Janeiro. Until 1793, he was the only grandson of Queen Maria I, therefore considered as a potential heir of the Portuguese throne. Similar to his father, he also married a Portuguese Infanta, his first cousin once removed Infanta Maria Teresa of Portugal (1793–1874).[1]

They had one child INFANTE SEBASTIAN OF PORTUGAL AND SPAIN (1811–1875), Infante of Portugal by royal edict (issued in 1812), but only became a Spanish Infante in 1824 by royal edict of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, as he was only a distant descendant of King Charles III. When the Portuguese Royal Family returned to Europe, Sebastian went to live in Spain (1822); but, due to his support to the Carlist pretender, he returned to Portugal (1865), where King Luís I gave him a warm reception.

The legitimate male line of the family has become extinct after the death of Manfredo, 1st Duke of Hernani, in 1979; the last member of the family was Leticía Fernanda de Borbón y Bosch-Labrús, who died in 2008. Yet, distant female-line descendants are still represented among the Spanish nobility (Dukes of Marchena, Durcal, and Ansola).

Genealogical Chart

-   Infante Gabriel of Spain (1752–1788) Infanta Mariana Vitória of Portugal (1768–1788)
    -   Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal (1786–1812) Infanta Maria Teresa of Portugal (1793–1874)

        -   Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain (1811–1875)

            -   Francisco María de Borbón y Borbón, 1st Duke of Marchena (1861–1923)
                -   María Cristina de Borbón y Muguiro, 2nd Duchess of Marchena (1889–1981)
                -   Elena de Borbón y Muguiro (1890–1909)
                -   María de los Ángeles de Borbón y Muguiro (1895–1964)

            -   Pedro de Alcántara de Borbón y Borbón, 1st Duke of Dúrcal (1862–1892)
                -   María Cristina de Borbón y Madán (1886–1985)
                -   María Pía de Borbón y Madán (1888–1969)
                -   Fernando Sebastián de Borbón y Madán, 2nd Duke of Dúrcal (1891–1944)

                    -   María Cristina de Borbón y Bosch-Labrús, 3rd Duchess of Dúrcal (1913–2002)
                    -   Leticía Fernanda de Borbón y Bosch-Labrús (1915–2008)

            -   Luis de Jesús de Borbón y Borbón, 1st Duke of Ansola (1864–1889)
                -   Luis Alfonso de Borbón y Bernaldo de Quirós, 2nd Duke of Ansola (1887–1942)
                -   Manfredo Luis de Borbón y Bernaldo de Quirós, 3rd Duke of Ansola and 1st Duke of Hernani (1889–1979)

            -   Alfonso María de Borbón y Borbón (1866–1934)
            -   Gabriel Jesús de Borbón y Borbón (1869–1889)

[1] Jean-François Labourdette, _Histoire du Portugal_, éd. Fayard, p. 496.

title: House of Bourbon-Braganza

question: What does the text say about the descendants of Infante of Spain and Infanta of Portugal?

answer: One of the descendants of the Infante of Spain and Infanta of Portugal is Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal. He was brought up in the Portuguese court and married a Portuguese Infanta. He had just one child, Infante Sebastion of Portugal and Spain, who was a distant descendant of King Carlos III of Spain.

critique: The answer misses to mention the death of the last member of the family.

critique: Pedro Carlos was the son of King Gabriel and Queen Mariana, not a descendant.

critique: It's a selective answer and does not cover everything.

critique: It's omitted that the Infante's descendants were also kings and dukes of Iberian noble houses.

critique: The answer is missing the descendants of the Infante of Spain and Infanta of Portugal.

critique: The answer omits the other descendants of the House of Bourbon-Braganza.

critique: The answer should mention that the male line of the family has become extinct.

critique: The answer should mention that the family is extinct.

critique: The answer omits that Infante Sebastian also went to live in Spain.

critique: The answer should mention the other descendants of the Infante of Spain and Infanta of Portugal.

critique: The answer omits that the last descendants were of female-line.

critique: The answer should mention that the descendants of the Infante of Spain and Infanta of Portugal are no longer alive.

critique: The answer should mention at least one more descendant of this relationship.


text:
Mick’s ninety year old mom had moved into a nursing home, close to where he lived in Nottingham so he could take care of her in her final years. But she still owned her home close by to my parents in London. He was down from the Midlands renovating the house in order to rent it on her behalf. He asked me if I’d help him and of course I said “yes”. While at his mom’s slim old house I realized that, in all the fifty years I had known him, I had never actually been inside his family home. As we replaced worn out sinks, cleaned up bathrooms, and laid new brown carpet I asked him which was his bedroom when he was a kid. He told me he never had one, well only for a short time. I was shocked. Here I was in the house that nurtured him, which he had left at fifteen years of age to come live with us before he signed on for the Royal Navy, and it was only now, half a century later that the pieces of his early life sailed into view. For the first time ever he told me about the house and his grandfather. This is that story.

“I remember my grandfather vividly. His name was Arthur, like that of that legendary King of England. The four of us all lived together: my grandparents, my mom, and me. I shared a bedroom with my mom while my grandparents had the other bedroom. It was the 1950s. We had no television, telephone, or fridge. We kept the butter on a marble slab so it wouldn’t melt in summer. I remember grandad as being small, about five feet six, thin in face with a roman nose. He had a good head of hair even up to his death. He was slightly stooped and walked with a limp, a reminder of his time as a private in the Middlesex Regiment during the First World War. The wound was the result of shrapnel buried deep in his leg during the battle of the Somme. His was the fourth party to be ordered to take a German observation post. The first three parties had been annihilated. I remember the story he told me: “We were ordered onto the Somme. The mud was so heavy and thick that two soldiers who had bayoneted each other died standing up, their legs held fast by the black muck, stuck like statues. We passed them as we marched up to the front on our way to certain death.” But he didn’t die. They took the objective. He was wounded in the battle and sent home. He never got over the war.

Our house was important to him. It was his one asset. He and my grandmother had had to move to South London from North London because theirs was a mixed marriage – not mixed along racial lines, but religious ones. He was Protestant and she was Catholic. It’s almost forgotten now, but a hundred years ago there were fights, particularly in the Tottenham area, between the two religious factions. I remember my grandfather telling me that after school the tough lads would tie string around their caps, and twirl them like a scythe. The hard rubber peaks would cause serious pain if it clocked your enemy around the face. Both families frowned upon my grandparent’s marriage, and so they moved to this little house. But it cost them contact with the rest of the family  I think my grandmother’s brother had been a judge in North London and had done very well for himself.

After I was born my grandfather struggled through a serious of odd jobs. I remember he worked as a car park attendant for the Granada Cinema in Kingston. He would catch the 667 trolley bus to his job. I would sometimes join him. I was a youngster then, not yet in my teens, but I helped him take the silver sixpences and shillings from the customers, shining bright in the palm of my unblemished hands. We would stay warm in the attendant’s wooden hut during the winter months, huddled around the heater like soldiers. He told me stories about the war and our family as we listened to the BBC on the radio. Saturday was a big day. It was busy at the movies and he was constantly parking cars as I collected the coins. We would listen to the football results on the radio just before five o’clock. He wanted to know how his Spurs were doing and whether he had been successful that weekend on the football pools.

He loved the wireless. I remember him returning home at night, sitting in the front room in his wing-tipped easy chair, smoking his pipe, listening, occasionally moving the dial through the many voices and languages of Europe. There, listed on the tuner, were names like Monte Carlo, Luxemburg, Paris and Moscow: an escape to foreign lands and another time just like all those years ago when he camped under the stars dreaming of innocent times.

I remember sitting on his knee, happy to be close to him.

Things changed dramatically after Grandma died. She had contracted food poisoning. It was so severe that she was hospitalized for life in Teddington hospital. When she eventually passed to the other side my grandfather became very depressed. He moved out of his bedroom and set up a bed in the dark, small wedge-shaped cupboard under the stairs. For the first time in my life I had my own bedroom as my mother moved into the now vacated other bedroom. But it was a sad situation. My grandfather would stay behind his slanted closed door almost for the whole day, hardly coming out. He pinned newspaper cuttings to the wall as if he was back in the trenches. My mom was angry, and worried, when he started to burn candles in the low ceilinged room rather than using the single naked light bulb. He could have set the whole house on fire.

The winter of 1957 grandad contracted pneumonia. My mom and I had to move him from his hide-away and back upstairs in his bedroom, so the doctor could visit and check on him. I’ll never forget the November day he died. I was twelve. It was very cold. I was busying laying a fire in the front room. My mom had the oven on in the kitchen. “What do you want for breakfast?” she shouted to me. Before I could answer we heard a thud from upstairs. My mom looked worried. She lit a cigarette. I’ll always remember that smell of burning tobacco. “You go up and check on him” she ordered. Sheepishly, I climbed the stairs and looked in the room. He had fallen on the floor. I noticed that he had shit the bed. I was horrified. I touched his body. He was dead. I was sure. I ran down and told my mother. She went upstairs and checked on her dad and then told me to run down the road to the public telephone box and call 999.

When they came to get his body my mom didn’t want me to see my grandfather that final time. Young people were not supposed to see the dead in case they were scarred for life. I was confined to the kitchen. I was not even allowed to attend the funeral. But I had to clean out his bedroom in the cupboard under the stairs, remove the press clippings from the walls, and tidy up his few remaining possessions. Inside I shut the door and sat in the darkness and thought about his life, and what he had given me, as he retreated back to the trenches: his dugout of dreams.”

title: [NF] Dugout of Dreams

question: Summarize Arthur's time in World War I.

answer: Arthur was a private in the Middlesex Regiment during the First World War. He was ordered to take a German observation post. The first three parties had been annihilated. He was wounded in the battle and sent home. He never got over the war.

critique: The answer should mention that Arthur was ordered to take a German observation post.

question: Summarize the relationship between Arthur and his wife.

answer: Arthur's wife was a Catholic and her Catholic family disagreed with her marriage to a Protestant man. Therefore, they did not keep in contact with the family. While he was in the service of the First World War, his wife was hospitalized with severe food poisoning. She died after, and he fell into a very depression and eventually fell sick with pneumonia and died in 1957.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: This entire line is irrelevant, as it has nothing to do with their marriage. This is inaccurate and should be omitted.

critique: It is omitted that Arthur and his wife had to move to South London from North London because their marriage was a mixed one.

critique: The answer should mention that Arthur and his wife had to move to South London because of their mixed marriage.

question: What does the text say about Arthur's reaction to his wife's death?

answer: Arthur became very depressed after his wife died. He moved out of his bedroom and set up a bed in the dark, small wedge-shaped cupboard under the stairs. He would stay behind his slanted closed door almost for the whole day, hardly coming out. He pinned newspaper cuttings to the wall as if he was back in the trenches.

critique: The answer should mention that Arthur eventually dies from pneumonia.

critique: The answer should mention that Arthur died soon after.

question: Summarize the narrator's reaction to Mick's story.

answer: No answer

critique: The narrator's reaction should be mentioned.

critique: The answer should mention that the narrator is shocked.


text:
One of the most fascinating office interior design trends of recent times has been the inclusion of designated sleeping areas in the workplace. In the past, sleeping on the job might be considered an offence worthy of dismissal, but research has demonstrated the significant benefits associated with allowing employees to take short naps.

Indeed, some of the most successful companies around, including Ben & Jerry’s and Uber, have installed ‘nap rooms’ in their offices, while the likes of Procter & Gamble and Google have gone a step further, introducing sleeping pods to the workplace. So is this something you should consider for your interior design project?

THE BENEFITS OF SLEEP

The importance of sleep has long been established, yet research over the last few years has paid particular attention to the benefits of having short naps. According to ASAP Science, short naps can increase cognitive function, ultimately boosting creativity and productivity in the workplace. Meanwhile, other studies have found they:

• Reduce levels of stress and anxiety among employees

• Improve information retention and memory by up to five times

• Significantly enhance concentration and attention to detail

• Boost tolerance levels and reduce frustration in the workplace

• Help to regulate impulsive or emotional responses

Furthermore, a 2011 study published in the Journal of Sleep goes some way towards explaining the impact a lack of sleep has on the business world. In fact, according to the study, insufficient sleep costs U.S companies alone as much as $63 billion in lost productivity – and that’s before getting into the other associated problems.

THE CASE FOR SLEEP AT WORK

Clearly, the best possible solution would be for every employee to get an appropriate amount of sleep every night and scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles have found that six to eight hours is optimum. However, in the modern world, this is simply impossible to achieve.

Whether employees have to travel frequently on business trips, whether they have young children who keep them awake at night, or whether they suffer from sleep disorders, every workplace will inevitably have its fair share of under-rested employees, costing them in terms of lost productivity, absenteeism and errors.

“Most employers do not allow sleeping – there is still that prejudice,” says William Anthony, a Boston University professor in rehabilitation sciences. “It is thought of as lazy and unproductive, when often it is exactly the opposite.”

THE SLEEP POD REVOLUTION

The sheer amount of research on the subject has forced office designers to take action, with some choosing low-tech options. For instance, businesses like Uber and Ben & Jerry’s have installed dedicated ‘nap rooms’ in their offices and have simply given staff permission to take short naps during their breaks, without fear of repercussions.

Yet, others have opted for more advanced solutions. Google, Procter & Gamble and PwC have all installed so-called ‘sleeping pods’ – futuristic pods where employees can sit and take a nap in complete silence, away from workplace background noise.

“A lot of businesses, especially in the US, have shown interest in [sleeping pods] as a relaxation area around the concept of well-being,” says Lee McCormack, designer of the Oculas OV2 sleep pod. “It’s not just sleep, it can be light therapy, relaxation, or time for reflection or meditation.”

It may seem counter-intuitive to pay employees to sleep on the job, but the time under-rested employees spend at work is largely wasted anyway. For the sake of 15 minutes out of the day, evidence suggests workplace napping should be embraced, regardless of whether you opt for a low-tech or high-tech solution.

question: What are the drivers behind why big corporations are allowing employees to nap at work?

answer: The research conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles and other research institutions have shown that sleep deprivation has a big impact on productivity and loss of revenue.

critique: The article does not mention loss of revenue.

critique: The answer is a little too vague and needs to be in the active voice.

critique: The answer should mention the benefits of sleep.

critique: "The research conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles and other research institutions have shown that sleep deprivation has a big impact on productivity and loss of revenue." - Significant research studies were cited to support the answer, but several companies were not mentioned, so it needs a complete rewrite.

critique: The answer doesn't mention the benefits of sleep.


text:
STEVEN P. SCHOOK (born 1953) is a retired United States Army brigadier general and former United Nations diplomat.

Military career

Schook was born and raised in Mount Clemens, Michigan. He graduated from the United States Military Academy as a Regular Army Infantry officer. After several assignments as an operations and executive officer, he assumed command of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. Upon graduation from the United States Naval War College, he assumed command of the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized).[1]

From 1997 to 2002, Schook served on the Joint Staff and in the United States Army Forces Command. His general officer assignments include Chief of Staff, III Corps, and Assistant Division Commander, 1st Cavalry Division. He also served as director at the Human Resources Policy Directorate, Headquarters, Department of the Army.[2]

From 2003 to 2004, Schook served as Chief of Staff, Kosovo Force (Main), Camp Bondsteel. In 2004, he assumed command of SFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2004 and 2005, he was appointed to Commander and Senior Military Representative of NATO headquarters in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. After leaving the army as brigadier general in 2005 after 30 years of service, Schook worked as a senior vice president of New Technology Management Inc.[3]

Diplomatic assignments

On April 19, 2006, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan appointed Schook the Principal Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General (PDSRSG) in Kosovo.[4] Schook succeeded Lawrence Rossin in that position and worked under SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen and Joachim Rücker.[5]

In 2007, Schook came under investigation by the United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS), in response to rumours and allegations including on aggressive behavior, and unprofessional and close relationships with Kosovan Energy Minister Ethem Çeku.[6] According to German news magazine _Der Spiegel_, OIOS also investigated reports that Schook had disclosed the location of a man in a UN witness protection program, who had testified against Ramush Haradinaj.[7] Schook's contract was not extended in December 2007.[8] In January 2008, his predecessor Lawrence Rossin succeeded him as PDSRSG in Kosovo.[9] In May 2008, Schook was cleared of all wrongdoing as OIOS concluded that there was no evidence of misconduct on his part. Schook now works in Kosovo as an advisor for Ramush Haradinaj.

[1] {{ cite web | url=http://www.nato.int/sfor/coms-sfor/comsfor/t041013a.htm | title=Brigadier General STEVEN P. SCHOOK | accessdate=2008-04-27 | publisher=SFOR }}

[2]

[3] {{ cite web | url=http://www.unmikonline.org/dpi/pressrelease.nsf/0/C8705ACBE1E44848C1257155003079E5/$FILE/pr1536.pdf | title=UN Secretary General appoints Steven P. Schook as PDSRSG in Kosovo | date=2006-04-19 | publisher=UNMIK | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607232654/http://www.unmikonline.org/dpi/pressrelease.nsf/0/C8705ACBE1E44848C1257155003079E5/$FILE/pr1536.pdf | archivedate=2011-06-07 }}

[4] {{ cite web | url=http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2006/sga994.html | title=Secretary-General Appoints Steven Schook of United States Principal Deputy Special Representative in Kosovo (SG/A/994) | accessdate=2008-04-27 | date=2006-04-19 | publisher=UNIS }}

[5]

[6]

[7] {{ cite web | url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,549441,00.html | title=The Slow Birth of a Nation | accessdate=2008-04-27 | author=Walter Mayr | publisher=Der Spiegel }}

[8] {{ cite web | url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/7046/ | title=UNMIK Deputy Chief Leaves Kosovo | accessdate=2008-04-27 | date=2007-12-18 | publisher=Balkan Insight |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224013726/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/7046/ |archivedate = 2007-12-24}}

[9] {{ cite web | url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/7261/ | title=New Deputy Head of UNMIK Named | accessdate=2008-04-27 | date=2008-01-09 | publisher=Balkan Insight }}

title: Steven P. Schook

question: What does the text say about Schook's personal life?

answer: No answer

critique: The text does not mention Schook's personal life.

critique: 'No answer' for the question is not a valid answer.

critique: The second sentence is grammatically odd and makes no sense.

critique: The article does not mention any details about Schook's personal life.

critique: The answer is not true. The text does include some personal details about Schook.

critique: No response is given, but there is information given about his personal life.

critique: There is information about Schook's personal life in the text.

critique: The text does not discuss Schook's personal life.

critique: The response misses to mention that Schook is married with four children.

question: What does the text say about Steven P. Schook?

answer: He is a retired United States Army brigadier general and former United Nations diplomat. Schook was born in 1953 in the United States. Prior to this career, Schook graduated from the United States Military Academy as a Regular Army Infantry officer. After serving several assignments as an operations and executive officer, he assumed command of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. Since retiring from the army, Schook has worked as a senior vice president of New Technology Management Inc.

critique: Schook was an infantry officer, not a member of the musical instrument.

critique: It is omitted that Schook served as director at the Human Resources Policy Directorate, Headquarters, Department of the Army.

critique: The answer should mention Schook's diplomatic career.

critique: The response contains some irrelevant information.

critique: His current career is not relevant to the question

critique: "as an executive officer" is unnecessary information in this answer

critique: The answer omits Schook's diplomatic career.

critique: Schook is not a current diplomat, he is now retired.

critique: It is omitted that Schook served on the Joint Staff and in the United States Army Forces Command.

critique: Schook has become an advisor for Ramush Haradinaj since leaving the United Nations. He is not currently a senior vice president of New Technology Management Inc.

critique: Even though Schook did not retire from the army in the final sentence, he did after 30 years of service. Additionally, never did Schook work as an officer before his career in the army.

critique: "Schook was born in 1953 in the United States." - this is incorrect. Schook was born and raised in Mount Clemens, Michigan.

question: What does the text say about the investigation made against Schook by the United Nations Office of Internal Services (OIOS)?

answer: On 2007, Schook was under investigation by OIOS due to rumors and allegations about his behavior. They also investigated some rumors about illegal dealings with Kosovan Energy Minister Ethem Çeku. There was also an investigation to Schook's actions around the time of leaking whereabouts of a person in a UN witness protection program. In 2008, all of Schook's wrongdoings were cleared and concluded there was no evidence of misconduct.

critique: Does not mention that the investigation resulted in Schook's contract not being renewed.

critique: The answer should mention that Schook's contract was not extended in December 2007.

critique: The investigation was in 2007, not 2008.

critique: The response contains inaccurate information.

critique: The investigation is about Schook's actions vis-a-vis Ethem Çeku and around the leaking of the whereabouts of a person who testified against Haradinaj.

critique: There is not enough information to conclude that the investigation was in 2007.

critique: The text doesn't mention that Schook was still under investigation when all wrongdoing was cleared.

critique: The investigation that was made against Schook is not an investigation into his wrongdoings. It is an investigation into his unprofessional and close relationships with Kosovan Energy Minister Ethem Çeku.

critique: The response is poorly structured and needs to be rephrased for clarity.

critique: The name of the whistleblower is revealed is named; the answer should include this.

critique: The answer should mention that Schook was cleared of all wrongdoing in 2008.

critique: The answer doesn't mention the investigation with the person in the UN witness protection program.

question: What does the text say about Schook's military career?

answer: Schook graduated from the US Military Academy and became the commander of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. He then went on to become the head of the Joint Staff and the US Army Forces Command in 1997. He was a brigadier general for the US Army for 30 years when he retired in 2005.

critique: "head of the Joint Staff and the US Army Forces Command in 1997. He was a brigadier general for the US Army for 30 years when he retired in 2005." - Schook was never the head of the Joint Staff and the US Army Forces Command in 1997. He did assume command of III Corps in the mid 1990s and the position of Chief of Staff of III Corps in the 1990s. He was appointed commander of SFOR in 2003 and that is where he held the rank of brigadier general for the US Army for 30 years before retiring as brigadier general.

critique: It is omitted that Schook also served as director at the Human Resources Policy Directorate, Headquarters, Department of the Army.

critique: The article does not provide information about Schook's education.

critique: The answer should mention Schook's other assignments.

critique: The answer contains a lot of irrelevant information that should be omitted.

critique: The answer omits Schook's other army assignments, which are listed in the article.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The answer omits Schook's other assignments.

critique: "Brigadier general for the US Army" - this is incorrect. The text clearly states that he was a brigadier general for the UN Army.

critique: It is omitted that Schook served on the Joint Staff and in the United States Army Forces Command.

critique: The answer omits Schook's time on the Joint Staff, which is a notable period of his career.

critique: The answer should mention the time period of his service.

critique: The answer omits his work on the Joint Staff and as the assistant Division Commander.

critique: Not everything in this answer is relevant to Schook's military career.


text:
JOSEPH or JOSEPHUS SCOTTUS[1] (died between 791 and 804), called THE DEACON, was an Irish scholar, diplomat, poet, and ecclesiastic, a figure in the Carolingian Renaissance. He has been cited as an early example of “the scholar in public life”.[2]

Life

His early life is obscure, but he studied first under Colcu, probably at Clonmacnoise, and then under Alcuin at York, probably in the 770s. At York he met and befriended Liudger, a Frisian and future Bishop of Münster, whom he mentions in a poem requesting a “polished staff”. Joseph eventually wound up at the court of the Frankish king Charlemagne, probably after accompanying Alcuin to the continent in the 780s.

Joseph was at the Frankish court during a period (790s) of rising anti-Irish sentiment (often expressed in verse), but he seems nonetheless to have established a bond of trust with both Alcuin and Charlemagne. In 787 or 788 Charlemagne sent Joseph and several others on a diplomatic mission to Rome to deal with the Papacy and to Spoleto and Benevento, the capitals of two Lombard duchies opposed to Frankish overlordship. While in southern Italy Joseph and his companions were separated by agents of the Lombard dukes and almost killed.

In 790 Joseph took over Alcuin's position at court while the Northumbrian master was on unexpectedly extended business in his homeland. Thereafter his career is obscure. He eventually rose to become an abbot, but when and where are unknown. It has been suggested, on the basis of his experience in south Italian politics, that he was briefly abbot of Montecassino, but the evidence for this is slim.

Writings

Joseph participated in a revival of acrostic poetry fostered by Alcuin at Charlemagne's court. Four such poems of his are preserved in a collection of religious acrostics, including some by Alcuin and others by Theodulf of Orléans, in a manuscript (MS 212) now in the Burgerbibliothek in Bern. Addressed to Charlemagne, the acrostic _carmina figurata_—on the similarity of Eve and the Virgin Mary, princely virtues, the Cross, and the names of Christ—imitate the late antique panegyrics Publilius Optatianus Porfyrius addressed to Constantine the Great. The poems, though never popular as literature, still demonstrate “technical virtuosity”.

The only other work which certainly belongs to Joseph is an abridgement of a commentary on Isaiah by Jerome (_Abbreuiatio_ or _Epitome commentarii (Sancti) Hieronymi in Isaiam_), which was apparently ordered by Alcuin. Two other works have been attributed to him, including a lost suite of riddles mentioned in a Passau manuscript before 903. These are more probably the work of Joseph, Bishop of Freising. He may also have written a _voces animantium_ (“voices of animals”) listing the sounds of animals in alphabetical order with glosses, now in the Biblioteca Nacional de España (MS 19, folio 189v). This genre was common, but the alphabetisation is unusual. If it is indeed to be ascribed to Joseph, it was probably lifted from his personal notebook.

Sources

-   Garrison, Mary (2004). “Joseph Scottus (d. 791x804).” _Oxford Dictionary of National Biography_, vol. 30. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
-   -   Silvers, Margaret. (2016) _Josephus Scottus's Abbreviation of Jerome's Commentariorum in Esaiam: A Partial Edition with Apparatus_. University of York: Doctoral dissertation.

Notes

Category:Latinists Category:Medieval Irish poets Category:8th-century Irish people Category:8th-century Frankish writers Category:Hiberno-Latin poets Category:Italian abbots Category:Irish scholars and academics Category:Irish diplomats Category:8th-century Irish writers Category:9th-century Irish writers Category:Irish expatriates in Germany Category:Irish expatriates in England Category:Irish expatriates in France Category:Irish expatriates in Italy Category:Irish male poets Category:8th-century Latin writers Category:Gaels

[1] The alternate spelling _Scotus_ is known, as is the Anglicisation “the Scot”, though the eighth-century Latin _Scottus_ meant “Irish”.

[2] Garrison, citing D. A. Bullough, “Aula renovata: the Carolingian court before the Aachen palace,” _Carolingian Renewal: Sources and Heritage_ (1991), 141.

title: Joseph Scottus

question: Summarize what happened during the Carolingian Renaissance.

answer: No answer

critique: The response misses to answer the instruction in the task.

critique: The response doesn't answer the question.

critique: The question is asking for a summary of the Carolingian Renaissance, not a definition.

question: Explain the reason for the religious and political tension during the Carolingian Renaissance.

answer: No answer

critique: The reason is not carefully stated in the text.

question: Summarize the risks that Joseph took throughout his life as a scholar.

answer: In 787 or 788, Ferdulf, a Frankish duke opposing Charlemagne's kingdom, sent an assassin to kill Joseph while he was separated from the rest of his diplomatic mission in southern Italy. In addition to this, in 790 Joseph was appointed as Alcuin's replacement during his absence and was thus entrusted with intimate knowledge about the court.

critique: "an assassin to kill Joseph" does not make sense. It's a whole sentence fragment which should be changed to "an assassin was sent to kill Joseph..." "...while he was separated from the rest of his diplomatic mission..." makes more sense.

critique: It is not stated that Ferdulf sent an assassin to kill Joseph.

critique: "Ferdulf, a Frankish duke opposing Charlemagne's kingdom" - this is incorrect. It was the Lombard dukes (dukes opposing Charlemagne's kingdom) who sent an assassin to kill Joseph.

critique: The response inaccurately mentions that Joseph was sent by Ferdulf, however it was agents of the Lombard dukes.

critique: The response inaccurately mentions that Joseph was appointed as Alcuin's replacement during his absence. However, Joseph was appointed to Alcuin's position at court while the Northumbrian master was on unexpectedly extended business in his homeland.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The response inaccurately mentions that Ferdulf sent an assassin to kill Joseph. However, it was agents of the Lombard dukes.

critique: The response contains inaccurate information.


text:
SYDENHAM was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1881 to 1890 and again from 1946 to 1996. It had notable politicians representing it like Mabel Howard (the first female cabinet minister in New Zealand), Norman Kirk (who became Prime Minister while holding Sydenham) and Jim Anderton (the former Father of the House, who started his parliamentary career in Sydenham).

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Sydenham, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the _Electoral Amendment Act, 1945_ reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, 19 electorates were created for the first time, and eight former electorates were re-established, including Sydenham.

This suburban electorate is in the southern suburbs of Christchurch including Sydenham.

History

The electorate existed from 1881 to 1890 and then from the 1946 election to the 1996 election, the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) election.

The first MP for Sydenham was William White from 1881 to 1886. He resigned upon receiving medical advice.[1]

From 1886 to 1890, it was represented by Richard Molesworth Taylor.[2][3]

From 1946 to 1996, the electorate was always left leaning. In 1946, Mabel Howard was elected. She held the electorate until 1969, when the Labour Party introduced rules that forced her to retire. In 1947 she became New Zealand's first woman cabinet minister when she was made Minister of Health and Minister in charge of Child Welfare. She is remembered for waving two large pairs of bloomers in parliament in support of her successful campaign to have clothing sizes standardised.[4]

Howard was succeeded by Norman Kirk, who in 1969 shifted from the Lyttelton electorate to the safer Labour electorate of Sydenham. During his representation of Sydenham, he became Prime Minister. He died in office on 31 August 1974.[5]

John Kirk succeeded his father in a 1974 by-election. Kirk Jr. held the electorate for ten years until 1984. In July 1983, John Kirk announced that he would not seek the Labour Party's nomination for Sydenham in the . In his place Labour selected Jim Anderton, the party president, whereupon Kirk (a strong David Lange supporter) declared that he would stand against the official Labour candidate as an independent. His continuing opposition to Anderton's selection resulted in the Labour Party's New Zealand Council suspending him from membership of the Labour Party. Kirk served out the remainder of his parliamentary career as an Independent MP. John Kirk left New Zealand in 1984 while still an MP for Sydenham, as he owed more than $280,000. He was arrested in the US and imprisoned, and then extradited to New Zealand, where he was charged under the Insolvency Act 1985. He was sentenced to four months' periodic detention.[6]

Anderton was successful in Sydenham in 1969 and started his long parliamentary career. He held the seat until the abolition of the electorate in 1996 then transferring to , and from 29 April 2009 until his retirement at the he was Father of the House. While holding Sydenham, Anderton defected from the Labour Party to found the NewLabour Party in 1989, and was re-elected in the electorate in 1990. In 1991, NewLabour and several other parties formed the Alliance, a broad left-wing coalition. Anderton was elected for the Alliance in 1993.

Sydenham was abolished in 1996 and replaced by the Wigram electorate.

Members of Parliament

KEY

  Election                               Winner
  -------------------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------
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  (Electorate abolished in 1996; see )

¹ John Kirk became an independent in 1983.
² Jim Anderton defected to New Labour in 1989, and co-founded the Alliance in 1991.

Election results

1993 election

1990 election

1987 election

1984 election

1981 election

1978 election

1975 election

1974 by-election

1972 election

1969 election

1966 election

1963 election

1960 election

1957 election

1954 election

1951 election

1949 election

1946 election

1886 by-election

Notes

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

title: Sydenham (New Zealand electorate)

question: What events led to the creation of the Sydenham electorate?

answer: The 1875-1876 election led to the creation of the Sydenham electorate. The House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative. This led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Sydenham.

critique: The answer is incorrect. The creation of the Sydenham electorate was due to the 1881 electoral redistribution.

critique: The answer is incorrect. The creation of Sydenham was not due to the 1875-1876 election.

critique: The response is missing the part about the 1941 census.

critique: Sydenham was created in 1881. The other events happened before Sydenham was formed.

critique: I've moved the last two sentences out of the answer to the questions it answers. They didn't need to be in that order.

critique: The answer should mention the 1941 census.


text:
I think I am going insane but I am also a psychiatrist, I'll just treat my self, solve what ever is eating me alive. I put up a mirror so I can look at the psychiatrist which is me. I kept telling my self that I am not insane but for some reason that always made me feel more insane. The reflection of me started to talk and I started talking back to it.

I started talking to my reflection about my child hood and friends that I had and any imaginary friends.

"remember Charlie the imaginary friend of yours, yeah I remember Charlie the imaginary friend of mine but my mother, what about your mother, she always use to give me a beating because of Charlie" I said to my self looking in the mirror

But it wasn't my mother or father even though both very violent and yes I grew up in a unhealthy family, violence seemed to flow through my family but all families have a bit of violence in them, don't they? but it wasn't them that were the root of my psychological problem.

Then my reflection said to me to talk about my sexual abuse and I shouted back "no no, that's degrading its humiliating" I said to my reflection, but my reflection shouted back and in vengeance it was pure louder and angrier than mine "yes yes tell me about your sexual abuse you weak boy" my reflection said to me

"I don't know I don't know! but I am the psychiatrist this is so fucked up, I am trying to help my self, I am a psychiatrist and a patient to my self how lame!" I said to my self

But its not the sexual abuse that I got from the older lads at my school that were the root problems of my insanity that I am trying to solve about my self. The biggest challenge in all humans, is the challenge about the 'self' your greatest enemy is your self.

Then I started looking at loneliness, I am a very lonely person and I just can't seem to get along with people, in social situations and dating. I look at the mirror and I tell my self "what's wrong with me, what's going wrong in my mind?" I actually said this a couple of times and my reflection replies "you know the answer, just say it your self" my reflection told me

Then I started, self medicating with drugs and eating tablets and talking to my self more and taking antidepressants. I ordered it all to my self by the orders of a psychiatrist, which is me, that's right me. I sound insane for a psychiatrist and I started to question how I even managed to become a psychiatrist.

"what's wrong with me what's wrong with me, come on, you help many insane people but you can't help your self!" I shouted to my self

Then I became silent, did I just call my self insane? I did didn't I, what if I am insane? can an insane person help another insane person? I admit I have had a crazy life and a fucked up, upbringing and sometimes I even contemplate too committing suicide and I help other patients who are suicidal just like me.

I am the psychiatrist come on, I can solve this, I am not a puzzle to my self. Just say it and declare it, its ok life is harsh and weird, just say it.

"I am insane, I am an insane suicidal psychiatrist that helps other suicidal insane patients" I told my self

Then my reflection replied "yes your are, because If you weren't insane then you wouldn't be talking to your reflection wouldn't you" my reflection told me

"now how does that make you feel, psychiatrist?" I told me self

"I feel liberated, I feel free as well as a hypocrite" I replied to my self in the mirror

Then a suicidal patient of mine was about to come in and I stopped what I was doing.

title: psychiatrist and the mirror (short fiction story)

question: What does the story say about the problems the narrator faced in his life?

answer: The narrator is a psychiatrist who is going insane. He was sexually abused by older lads at his school. He is also very lonely and can't seem to get along with people. He self-medicates with drugs, eating tablets, and antidepressants. He is also suicidal.

critique: The narrator is a psychiatrist who is going insane. He was sexually abused by older lads at his school. He is also very lonely and can't seem to get along with people. He self-medicates with drugs, eating tablets, and antidepressants. He is also suicidal.

critique: No evidence to suggest that he is feeling the effects of taking the drugs, eating the tablets and taking antidepressants.

critique: The narrator is a patient and a psychiatrist, not just a psychiatrist.

critique: The first sentence is unnecessary and can be removed.

question: What does the story say about cognitive behavioral therapy?

answer: No answer

critique: This is not a cognitive behavioral therapy session.


text:
This is a repost of a small stand-alone excerpt that I submitted last night with some formatting issues. It was my first ever reddit post and thanks to a friendly comment I believe I have addressed the issues. Hopefully this version will be more legible, thanks again for reading! - side note - this is somewhat of a practice exercise for me as I haven't written anything in quite a while. I wanted to fiddle around with some duplicitous layering

Just south of a small mountain range, a cool spring breeze passed through a stone monastery. The overgrown ivy covering the northern face of the building danced as the wind tickled its bountiful growth. From the top of the smooth cut stone structure the ivy had crept to meet the rocky cliff face upon which the monastery was perched. Green ivy, grey rock, and beige stone lay against a backdrop of deep, clear blue, as the sky was brimming with colour at the onset of the new season. The monastery was a large, square compound, with four stone parapets at each corner of the building, the northernmost being flush against the cliff face. At the centre was a circular courtyard, filled with beds of flowers and shrubs around the perimeter of the courtyard. Forming this perimeter were a series of stone pillars, the bases of which were buried beneath the lush green of the plants. Atop one of the pillars was a nest of sparrows, and the birds fluttered around the courtyard, singing cheerfully.

That friendly mountain breeze made its way into the courtyard, towards a simple wooden bench that faced the mild warmth of the afternoon sun. It brushed aside the hem of a white robe, cooling the ankles of the monk sitting alone on the bench. He was an old man, whose ample belly was poorly disguised by his simple clothes, yet his face had retained its youthful glow, enhanced by his bald pate gleaming in the sunlight. His eyes squinted against the sun as he smiled contentedly, listening to the sparrows’ concert and taking in the fresh growth of greenery. His smile widened as he heard the faint clapping of sandaled feet on stone tiles. The dim sound grew in resonance as the footsteps approached, and from his seat on the bench the monk called out cheerfully,

“Good afternoon, Brother,”

The newcomer emerged from within the monastery, coming into view, similarly clothed in a white habit, yet a bit younger than his colleague. Unlike the seated monk, he was quite thin, and though he was not smiling, he had an honest, open face.

“May I join you?”

“Of course! Please sit.”

The slender monk then held up the jug and two cups he had been holding, and smiled faintly, to which the older monk laughed and patted him on the shoulder as he lowered himself onto the bench.

“I suppose it is never too early to celebrate such a fine day” he said.

The second man carefully poured a cup of red wine, and passed it to his companion, after which he poured himself a cup. For several minutes they both sat in silence, sipping their wine and admiring the courtyard and its garden. Finally, the thinner monk placed his cup on the ground next to the jug of wine, and fixed his gaze on the heavyset monk.

“The vote is tomorrow, the monastery is in a furor, it is quite a nuisance.”

The older monk chuckled and returned the look, “I have been through many such votes, and this is by far the most tiresome of them all.”

Not known for outbursts of laughter, the younger monk gave a hearty grin, flashing what teeth he had left before remarking, “We are priests, not politicians, my friend. I should say this is ill befitting our station. Such ambition is better left to the less morally inclined.”

In response his companion simply smiled, looked down at his cup, and took a sip, his light grey eyes surveying the wine like a hawk watched a rabbit. The younger man likewise took a sip, his eyes watching his friend as he swallowed the warm red liquid.

“Brother,” he said, smiling, “I’m afraid you’ve besmirched your habit.”

The larger monk stared at him, watching his eyes and his smug expression as he slowly reached his arm towards his friend’s throat, only to gently place his slender finger upon a red stain at the collar of the robe. The culprit was not hidden, as a line of red was visible on the large monk’s cup from where the wine had spilled.

Breaking eye contact and looking down at his lap, the bald man laughed, tut-tutting to himself, “That won’t do at all,” he said.

“Yes,” his friend said slowly, looking at the patch of red, “that stain must be removed.”

“Or perhaps, I could simply find a way to hide it,” he said as he watched the thin man, “with so many habits and so many monks, I’m sure there are more than a few concealed stains amongst our ranks.”

The skinny monk’s face bore an expression of sincere contemplation as his eyes bored into the large monk’s robe, “Perhaps,” he said.

He reached down to collect the jug and his own cup, rising from the bench. His robe had gone into disarray, and he quietly adjusted it before turning back towards the older monk. They shared a warm smile as each stared at the other, with the hefty monk raising his cup in front of his sharp grey eyes as he said through grinning teeth, “My thanks, for the drink, Brother.”

The thin man nodded to him, and headed for the interior of the monastery, his sandals playing the same song against the stone that they had when he approached, only this time in reverse. As the song faded to nothing, the solitary monk once more perked his eyes and ears toward the chattering sparrows.

The sun was still out, the sky was still blue, the garden was still radiant, and the birds still sang. As he finished his wine, the monk contemplated the one thing he knew with certainty on that beautiful day. For himself, or the man who just left, there would be no sun, no sky, no garden, no birds, no wine, waiting for them tomorrow. Only death. He decided then that he had not yet had his fill of such marvelous spring days.

	“Now then,” he said, laboriously rising from the bench, “I suppose I should see about removing this stain.”

title: [FN] The White Habit

question: Summarize the biggest point of contention in the story.

answer: The biggest point of contention in the story is the vote that is happening tomorrow. The vote is about whether or not the monks will be allowed to continue to drink wine. The monks are not politicians, and they are not used to the political process. The monks are used to living a life of simplicity and piety, and they are not used to the political process.

critique: The monks are not politicians, but the bigger point of contention is the vote.

critique: The last two sentences are not necessary.

critique: This answer is convoluting the point of contention in the story into a long-winded answer to duplicate questions

critique: The monks are used to the political process.

critique: The response contains extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The monks are not used to the political process.

text: "The vote is about whether or not the monks will be allowed to continue to drink wine." - this is incorrect and should be removed.

question: Explain the meaning and/or symbolism of the wine stain on the monk's habit.

answer: The wine stain on the habit of the monk is a metaphor for the stain that is death. The wine stain is a reminder to the monk that death will come, and death will come in the near future. It also reminds the monk that he still has time left on this earth, and that he needs to make the most of it. The wine stain also represents the monks' duty to remove the stain of death, or to stop the flow of death.

critique: The wine stain is not a metaphor for death.

critique: The wine stain is not a metaphor for death. It is a literal stain.

critique: The answer is a bit too long and rambles on. It should be more concise.

question: Summarize what the vote is.

answer: No answer

critique: This is entirely made-up. A proper answer should be added.

critique: The answer should mention that the vote is about the future of the monastery.

critique: The answer should state that the text doesn't mention a vote.

critique: The passage implies that the vote is about the future of the monastery.

question: Summarize the differences between the two monks.

answer: The older monk is a bit overweight, bald, and has a youthful glow to his face. He is more jovial and cheerful than the younger monk, who is thinner and has a more serious demeanor. The older monk is more laid back and philosophical, while the younger monk is more concerned about the vote. The older monk is more likely to be drinking wine, while the younger monk is more likely to be drinking water.

critique: It is wrongly stated that the older monk is more laid back and philosophical.

text: "The older monk is more likely to be drinking wine, while the younger monk is more likely to be drinking water." - this was never implied in the story and should be removed.


text:
KIM SWOO GEUN (February 20, 1931 – June 14, 1986) was a prominent South Korean architect,[1] educator, publisher and patron of artists.[2] Along with architect Kim Joong Up (김중업), he is recognised as a significant contributor in the history of Korean architecture.[3] With his support for diverse art genres of Korean culture, he was referred to as Lorenzo de Medici of Seoul by _TIME_ in 1977.[4]

Biography

Kim Swoo Geun was born the first son of Kim Yong-hwan (김용환) and Kim Usudal (김우수달) in Sinap-dong (신압동), Chongjin, North Hamgyong province.[5] While Kim was in second year at Kyunggi Public Middle School (경기공립중학교), he began to take an interest in architecture, introduced by his English tutor and a US soldier.[6]

After his graduation from the school in 1950 and Kim entered Seoul National University, majoring in architecture. In 1952, during the Korean War, he withdrew from the school and went abroad to Japan where he studied modern architecture at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music. During his study at this school, he interned at Hirada Matsuda (松田平田)'s architectural firm.[7] In 1960 he received a master's degree in architecture from Tokyo University where he finished his doctoral course as well.

In 1959, he won the competition for the National Assembly Building of South Korea, but his proposal was not realized due to the political situation at that time. In 1960, he returned to his country with his Japanese wife Michiko Yajima (矢島道子). He would eventually father three children with her. In 1961 he founded his architectural firm, “Kim Swoo Geun Planning and Design” (김수근 건축사무소), the predecessor of the current SPACE group. At the same time, he also began to teach at the architecture department of Hongik University.[8]

Kim designed over 200 projects inside and outside of South Korea during his lifetime. His representative works include “SPACE Group building” (공간 사옥, 1978), “Masan Yangdeok Catholic Church” (마산양덕성당 1979), “Jinju National Museum” (진주국립박물관 1986) and “Olympic Main Stadium” (올림픽 경기장 1987), which feature his characteristic view of architecture as well as Korean traditional elements.[9]

Kim commenced publishing the monthly _SPACE_ (월간 공간) in 1966, the first general art journal of South Korea which contributes to recording and distributing Korean culture. Kim also established SPACE Love (공간사랑) in 1978, a small theater inside of the Space group building and built the SPACE Gallery in 1972, all of which has played an important role for numerous South Korean cultural campaigns. With his contributions crossing over into many diverse genres, Kim is regarded a seminal cultural activist, trying to integrate architecture and other genres of artistic expression.[10]

After Kim Swoo Geun died in 1986, a victim of liver cancer at the age of 55, the Kim Swoo Geun Foundation (김수근문화재단) was established in his memory.[11]

Recognition

According to Park Gil-ryong, a professor of Kukmin University, Kim was the first in South Korea to proclaim that architecture has to have its own concept and philosophy. The architect Min Hyun Sik said Kim Swoo Geun lived with the consciousness of how to effectively convey and adapt Korean tradition into contemporary architecture. It was his grand obsession. His achievement as an educator was in mentoring Kim Won, Ryu Chun-su, Min Hyun Sik, Lee Jong-ho, Seung Hyo-sang into being prominent architects, regarded as significant as well.[12]

Selective works

-   1963 Freedom Center (자유센터) in Jangchung-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul
-   1967 Buyeo National Museum in Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province
-   1969 Tower Hotel (타워호텔) in Jangchung-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul
-   1970 Korea Exhibition Pavilion at Expo '70 (오사카 엑스포 한국관) in Osaka, Japan
-   1971 SPACE Group Building (공간 사옥) in Wonseo-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul
-   1977 Seoul Olympic Stadium, in Jamsil, Songpa-gu, Seoul
-   1979 Cheongju National Museum, in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province
-   1979 Munye Center and Fine Arts Center (종합문예회관, currently Arko Arts Museum) in Marronnier Park, Jongno-gu
-   1979 Yangdeok Catholic Church (마산양덕성당) in Masan, South Gyeongsang Province
-   1980 Kyungdong Presbyterian Church (경동교회) in Jangchung-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul
-   1983 Embassy building of the United States in Seoul on Sejongno in Jongno-gu, Seoul
-   1984 National Science Museum, South Korea in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
-   1985 Bulgwang-dong Catholic Church (불광동성당) in Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul

Honors

-   1970 Civil Merit Medal, South Korea (국민포장 國民褒章)[13]
-   1971 Pan Pacific Citation from the American Institute of Architects (AIA)[14][15]
-   1979 Commendatore dell’ Ordine della Stella della Solidariet’ Italiana[16]
-   1982 Honorary Fellow from the American Institute of Architects (AIA)[17]
-   1984 Iron Tower, Order of Industrial Service Merit, South Korea (철탑산업훈장 鐵塔産業勳章)[18]
-   1986 Silver Tower, Order of Industrial Service Merit, South Korea (은탑산업훈장 銀塔産業勳章)[19]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

title: Kim Swoo-geun

question: What is regarded as the centerpiece of Kim Swoo Geun's contribution to South Korean architecture?

answer: Kim Swoo Geun is regarded as a seminal cultural activist, trying to integrate architecture and other genres of artistic expression. His achievement as an educator was in mentoring Kim Won, Ryu Chun-su, Min Hyun Sik, Lee Jong-ho, and Seung Hyo-sang into being prominent architects, regarded as significant as well.

critique: The answer does not directly address the question.

critique: Kim is not regarded as a seminal cultural activist, but rather he founded the first Kim Swoo Geun Planning and Design.

critique: The answer is not related to the question.

critique: This response does not answer the question of what is regarded as the centerpiece of Kim Swoo Geun's contribution to South Korean architecture.