text:
[Portrait of Ferry with King Stanisław Leszczyński.]

NICOLAS FERRY (known as BÉBÉ) (1741–1764) was a French dwarf who became renowned throughout Europe as the court dwarf of King Stanisław Leszczyński.

Early life and discovery

Nicolas Ferry was born on 14 October 1741 in Plaine, Bas-Rhin, France, the son of a farmer and his wife. He was unusually small at birth and continued to grow slowly, although all contemporary sources and surviving portraits agree that his limbs and features were in proportion to his height (“proportionate dwarfism”). His fame spread, and in 1746 he was visited by ladies from the court of Stanisław, who was also the Duke of Lorraine and maintained a court at Lunéville, although he was no longer King of Poland. Stanisław sent his physician to examine the child, who was now five years old and approximately 24 inches (60 cm) tall, and subsequently sent for him. He offered Ferry's parents money in return for their son, who was to be maintained and educated in the Leszczyński household as the court dwarf.

Life at court

At court Ferry quickly acquired the nickname Bébé (“Baby”). He was given to the queen as a birthday present in 1747, and, after her death in 1748, he became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. He had tutors, but proved to be of relatively low intelligence and is reported never to have learned to read or write. A small wooden house was built for him in one of the halls of the Chateau de Lunéville, and he was spoiled and indulged by his master and the entire court. He played practical jokes on visitors and often behaved very badly, but he was the king's favourite and a great attraction.[1] Those entertained by his antics included the Duc du Richelieu and Voltaire.

In 1759 the Polish dwarf Józef Boruwłaski visited the court. He was a witty, urbane young man of 20, shorter than Ferry and well versed in court manners. Unflattering comparisons were drawn, and Ferry became so angry that he attacked Boruwłaski and tried to throw him onto the fire. The indulgent Stanisław ordered Ferry beaten for this outrage, reportedly to his severe shock and mortification.

Ferry was also compared unfavourably with Boruwłaski by the aristocratic writer, scientist and physician Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, who visited the Lunéville court to receive an honour from Stanisław. De Tressan later delivered a paper to the French Academy of Sciences likening Ferry to an animal in comparison with the intelligent, well-educated Polish dwarf.

Ferry remained at Stanisław's court throughout his life, eventually growing to a height of 34 inches (86 cm).[2]

Decline and death

Ferry's health declined in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and had difficulty walking, and he suffered wasting of the soft tissues and signs of premature aging.[3] Eventually he became incontinent and a chronic invalid, and died on 8 June 1764 aged 22. His skeleton was prepared and mounted for study, and is currently kept at the Musée de l'Homme in Paris. The rest of his remains were buried in the church at Lunéville; when the church was destroyed during the French Revolution, Ferry's inscribed mausoleum was preserved and is now at the Chateau de Lunéville. Some of Ferry's outfits are preserved in the historical museum at Nancy and there are a number of wax statues of him still in existence. A unique Luneville Faience statue of Ferry, 22 inches (56 cm) tall, modelled from life, was kept at the Chateau de Lunéville, but was destroyed in a fire in 2003.[4]

In 2006 and 2008, French researchers published detailed studies of Ferry's skeletal remains, with particular attention to his jaws and facial bones. They concluded that Ferry suffered from a rare genetic form of primordial dwarfism characterised by small, abnormal teeth without roots, and dubbed the condition _NMOSR_.[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4] Foster, Kate (Lady Davson) (2004). IN MEMORIAM BÉBÉ alias Nicolas Ferry . _The French Porcelain Society Spring 2004 newsletter_, pp 26-29.

[5]

title: Nicolas Ferry

question: Summarize the decline of Ferry's health.

answer: Ferry's health declined in his late teens. He developed a hunchback and had difficulty walking. He also suffered from wasting of the soft tissues and signs of premature aging. Eventually, he became incontinent and a chronic invalid. He died on June 8, 1764, at the age of 22.

critique: Include the cause of Ferry's health decline

critique: The answer should mention that Ferry's health declined due to a rare genetic form of primordial dwarfism.

critique: The response does not mention that Ferry was incontinent and a chronic invalid.

critique: The answer should mention that Ferry died of his condition.

question: Summarize the most interesting part of Ferry's life.

answer: Nicolas Ferry was born in 1741 to his parents. When he was five years old, he was offered as a birthday present to a queen of France, and eventually became the court dwarf to Stanislaw Leszczynski. He entertained many people while he remained at the court, mainly with his practical jokes. He became well-known due to his diminutive stature and was studied by well-known French physicians and historians soon after his death. From this information, it is clear that his life was interesting in its own right and should always be commemorated.

critique: The answer is a summary of Ferry's life, not the most interesting part of it.

question: Summarize how Ferry worked his way through the court.

answer: Ferry was a dwarven boy who was born unusually small and grew slowly. When he was five years old, the King's physician examined him and the King requested to have the boy as a gift. Ferry was then sent to the Queen as a birthday present, and then became the property of her cousin, the Princesse de Talmont. Ferry was spoiled and indulged by the court and often behaved badly, but he was the King's favorite.

critique: The response is missing the part where Ferry was compared unfavorably to a Polish dwarf.

critique: The response misses to mention that Ferry was the court dwarf.

critique: The answer does not mention that Ferry played practical jokes on visitors and was often very badly behaved.

critique: The answer omits the comparison with another dwarf, which led to Ferry's anger and the beatings he received for his actions.

critique: The response is missing the part where Ferry was given to the Queen as a birthday present.

critique: The answer should mention that Ferry was the court dwarf.

question: Summarize what this article says about how dwarves were regarded in 16th century Europe.

answer: No answer

critique: The article does not mention anything about how dwarves were regarded in the 16th century.

text: It is clear that they were regarded as property and the subject of curiosity, rather than independent, free people


split: train

text:
_MR. INCREDIBLE AND PALS_ is a 2005 American animated short film produced by Pixar which was included as a bonus feature on the DVD release of its 2004 feature film _The Incredibles_.[1] It features the characters of Mr. Incredible and Frozone from the feature, plus a “cute animal” rabbit sidekick named Mister Skipperdoo, chasing and capturing the supervillain Lady Lightbug.

The film is animated in the style of limited animation that intentionally parodies the low budget and low-quality television Saturday-morning cartoons that aired regularly during the 1950s and 1960s.

During this time, television animation studios were contracted to turn out high quantities of product on low budgets, which resulted in many television cartoons that have been derided and mocked by television critics, film and animation historians, and audiences in general. _Mr. Incredible and Pals_ uses a number of the cost-saving techniques and tropes found in these shows, such as:

-   Still shots of drawn scenes, rather than actual frame by frame animation.
-   Actual footage of live actors' mouths moving instead of animated lips on the characters, a technique known as Synchro-Vox. The most well-known example of this form of “animation” was the _Clutch Cargo_ series.
-   A Cold War era plot pitting true, freedom-loving American superheroes against a stereotypical “Communist” supervillain.
-   The sidekick being ensnared by the supervillain so that complete emphasis can be placed on the main hero, who nevertheless thanks the sidekick for his involvement in stopping the villain.
-   Frozone speaking in forced “beatnik” slang, showing the out of touch depiction of minority characters in animated works at the time.
-   A “cute animal” sidekick only added for “children's appeal.” In this film, a glasses-wearing rabbit named Mister Skipperdoo does nothing but hop up and down, yet his actions are seen as crucial to solving the “mystery” that comprises the plot of the episode.

_Mr. Incredible and Pals_ is the first of three short films produced by Pixar Animation Studios, which were animated in traditional 2D hand-drawn animation rather than computer animation. The second film, _Your Friend the Rat,_ was produced in 2007, and included as part of the DVD release of _Ratatouille._ The third, _Day & Night_, produced in 2010, was theatrically released with _Toy Story 3_.

The latter two films feature a combination of hand-drawn and CGI animation.

Plot

The episode begins with Mr. Incredible, Frozone and Mr. Skipperdoo filling the viewers in on previous events. An evil villainess named Lady Lightbug (described by Mr. Incredible as “sinister, yet lovely”) has stolen the West River Bridge, leaving cars stuck on both sides of the river. Resolving to amend the situation, Frozone builds a temporary bridge of ice and the three skate away to find their nemesis.

Arriving at an abandoned funfair, Mr. Incredible searches for Lady Lightbug by lifting up various objects while stating that she is not under any of them. Mr. Skipperdoo hops to point out that the missing bridge is above him. Suddenly, Lady Lightbug flies out and informs them all of her evil plan to steal the free world's bridges, creating massive traffic jams and thus destroying their economies.

She then proceeds to shoot a line of radioactive silk out of her abdomen, ensnaring Frozone and leaving all as lost. Mr. Incredible throws a Ferris wheel at her, to which she dodges. He then hops in a roller coaster, which takes off flying toward Lady Lightbug. Mr Incredible then knocks her out of the air, defeating her.

The missing bridge is restored and everything returns to normal thanks to Mr. Incredible, Frozone and Mr. Skipperdoo; Mr. Incredible adds, “and democracy.” The end of the episode features a brief teaser of the next episode which features a gigantic anthropomorphic ear of corn yelling, “I’ll crush you, Mr. Incredible!” before laughing evilly as the two prepare to fight.

Cast

-   Roger Jackson as The Narrator/Evil Cornhead
-   Pete Docter as Mr. Incredible
-   Michael Asberry as Frozone
-   Celia Shuman as Lady Lightbug

Commentary

In addition to the many in jokes and animation references included in this film, Craig T. Nelson and Samuel L. Jackson provided a DVD commentary for the fictional show, acting in character as Mr. Incredible and Frozone as if sitting down and watching this for the first time in years.

The in-universe background behind _Mr. Incredible and Pals_ stated that many years before the Supers were banned, Mr. Incredible and Frozone licensed their names and images to a television animation company, and this was the pilot episode for an animated television series that never aired due to the Super ban. The two supers are watching this pilot for the first time several years after it was produced.

The commentary of the two characters provides additional entertainment for the DVD's viewers, as they react with shock and disbelief to the poor quality of the film.

While Mr. Incredible appears to display only apathy for the show, Frozone is aghast and disgusted at its campiness and supposed racism (the show's version of himself appears to be white, or “tan” as Mr. Incredible puts it). He is also annoyed by Mr. Skipperdoo. By the end of the short, Frozone is so annoyed that he walks out of the commentary at the end, demanding the episode never be aired.

References in other media

The novel _Incredibles 2: A Real Stretch: An Elastigirl Prequel Story_ mentions the film several times, referring to it as _Mr. Incredible and Friends_. In the novel, the film is something Mr. Incredible and Frozone are initially excited for. But after getting to watch it, Frozone immediately lambasts it for how it portrays him and the fact that the film makes them fight alongside a bunny. Mr. Incredible then speaks to Rick Dicker, the agent for the NSA Government, who agrees to shelve the film.

[1]

title: Mr. Incredible and Pals

question: Summarize the plot of Mr. Incredible and Pals.

answer: Mr. Incredible and his friends go out searching for Lady Lightbug when they learn that she had stolen the West River Bridge, stranding everyone on each side of the river. Lady Lightbug flies away from Mr. Incredible, informing him of her plans to steal the free world's bridges, creatintg traffic jams and decimating their economies. After defeating Lady Lightbug, Mr. Incredible manages to fixed the bridge and restore things back to normal.

critique: The response misses to mention that Mr. Incredible and his friends go out searching for Lady Lightbug when they learn that she had stolen the West River Bridge, stranding everyone on each side of the river.

question: Summarize the in-universe explanation of Mr. Incredible and Pals.

answer: Mr. Incredible and Pals is the pilot episode for an animated television series that was never aired. The film was made several years before the Supers were banned and was included as a bonus feature on the DVD release of the movie The Incredibles. The in-universe Mr. Incredible and Frozone watch the movie as if for the first time. They are shocked that the show is as campy and bad as it is.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

question: Summarize the tropes and cost-cutting techniques used in Mr. Incredible and Pals.

answer: Mr. Incredible and Pals uses a number of cost-saving techniques and tropes found in low-budget Saturday morning cartoons, such as still shots of drawn scenes, actual footage of live actors' mouths moving instead of animated lips, a Cold War era plot, and a "cute animal" sidekick.

critique: The response only mentions some of the tropes and cost-cutting techniques used in the film.

critique: The answer should mention the other techniques used.

critique: The answer should mention the forced beatnik slang.

critique: Doesn't really explain the techniques and tropes used.

critique: The answer is too vague and should mention a few examples instead of listing the techniques and tropes used without fail.

critique: The answer should mention the use of Synchro-Vox.


text:
Us four sat ensuring my stay.
In conversation, Rick was indirectly called a liar by Rob and Megan
because of me.
The price of being a father.
Any words spoken to him sounded like "Liar".
Any words spoken to me were in question.
As if I was being interrogated.
I had nothing to say unless asked.
The house was a mansion.
My cousin played the role of Keith Cozart.
I looked forward to good times as the house was left mostly
unattended.
As we spoke my mind wandered into flashbacks and daydreams.
Rob was showing me the room where I was going to stay.
There were many rooms and hallways.
Some rooms were connected by doors and weren't connected to hallways.
I opened a door to a bathroom and there was someone in the bathtub.
At first I laughed and looked away but Rob quicly put his arm around me and
led me away, and as he did I caught another quick glimpse of the bathtub and
noticed that it was a body. I was shocked and Rob started to remind me that I
didn't see anything that there was no one there. I instantly protested to
staying in the adjacent room which was where we were headed. I threatened to say
what I saw if forced to stay there. I was led away. The confusion and
unknowingness turned into fear and Plan. We returned downstairs and played it
off, acting as if that didn't happen. Later I spoke with Rob's sister about
what I had seen and she told me that it was not infact a body but pieces of
bodies that were created from insecurities. That she herself had created some
of the pieces that were in the bathtub. We walked and talked. I thought about
what I heard. Generations of insecurities brought about what was in the
bathtub. They all knew. Did Rick know? Did Megan know? I didn't know.
Who was it? Was it one of their own. We ended up back at the bathroom and I
looked in again and what I saw shocked me to the point that I couldn't clearly
make out what it was. Was it a body or was it pieces? It was entirely
underneath the water. I faked emotion and accepted the pieces of insecurities
and agreed to stay in the adjacent room. It was the only way to survive.
I spent most of the first week alone in the room.
I heard them speaking about me. About how I spent time alone.
I was genuinely afraid. The first chance I would take it.
It was a Saturday. I had stolen a few grams of Rob's cocaine and
over the course of 2 days had made it injectable with no one knowing.
The owner of the mansion, the famous Dr. Bob, had syringes in the
downstairs bathroom. Everyone left late in the night.
The only ones left were Rob and Megan. Who were passed out. I stabbed Rob with
the needle and injected it. As he woke and saw me he knew what my
intentions were but could not prevent them as the high almost instantly kicked
in and he fell into a euphoric state. Megan didn't even wake up.
The thought crossed my mind. Did she know about the bathtub? Had she noticed the
change in my behavior? I weighed the risk of foiling my Plan in my mind before
deciding to leave her behind as I escaped into the night. I stole a car from
the mansions garage and left leaving no trace of where I was going.
The insecurity of being insecure. Being insecure was my only security, the
only thing that led me to escape the fate that awaited me. Where all others had
failed and gave in to become part of the fate themselves I had broken free.

title: the fate that awaited

question: Summarize Megan's descent into madness.

answer: No answer

critique: Megan is not described as descending into madness.


text:
11th January 2016 is a day many will never forget for it saw the passing of a true music legend in David Bowie. Simon Pegg commented that: _“If you’re sad today, just remember the world is over 4 billion years old and you somehow managed to exist at the same time as David Bowie.”_ He was a man who reinvented himself countless times and remained relevant and inspirational as a musician and artist across decades.

Peter Gabriel said that: “_He was a one-off, a brilliant outlier, always exploring, challenging and inspiring anyone who wanted to push the boundaries of music, art, fashion and society. There are so few artists who can touch a generation as he did, we will miss him badly.”_

I quote Peter Gabriel, as his words about Bowie are words that can be readily applied to an astounding teacher. I have written before about the loss of maverick eccentric teachers, who inspired generations of students, and am reminded again their ilk by the fact that they were always _“EXPLORING, CHALLENGING AND INSPIRING.”_ We all had teachers who did the same. Perhaps it was not in the fields of music and the arts but in science, mathematics or geography. But when we look bask wispily at our school days, we rarely remember what we were taught, but we always remember those who taught us!

In an interview with Russell Harty in 1975, Bowie explained what characterised a great show. His words resonate with the educator in me and I began to think of how his description of the key ingredients of a concert is very similar to the characteristics of an astounding lesson! I deliberately use the word astounding, given the fact that it is the word Bowie used himself and especially to avoid using the word “outstanding” given its OFSTED connotations for UK teachers.

_“THE IMPACT TO THE SHOW HAS TO BE THE ASTOUNDING THING, NOT THE DRESSING OF IT. __THE D__RESSING UP THE SHOW IS JUST A DRESSING AS A PERFUNCTORY KIND OF THING._ _THE CONTENT HAS TO ASTOUND. Y__OU CAN DRESS A SHOW WITH A TRILLION DOLLARS, OR TRILLION POUNDS, WORTH OF GOODIES BUT IF SHOW IS NOT A SUBSTANTIAL THERE WILL BE NO IMPACT.”_

Just as Bowie was a “Starman” it takes a teacher of exceptional ability to engage and inspire students truly. If we are honest, the recipe for an astounding lesson is to a degree intangible. As much as OFSTED, HMI, District Inspectors and the alike want to try to describe, and even quantify “outstanding”, sometimes it is beyond explanation. Sometimes like a Bowie concert, or a Picasso masterpiece or Lionel Messi goal, it is beyond mere words. Sometimes you have to see it to believe it! Having said that the words of Bowie do paint a picture of the essential components of astounding pedagogy. Truly extraordinary educators appreciate that quality education is not about “smoke and mirrors” or the dressing up of a learning experience. These elements of a lesson are as Bowie, in the context of one of his shows, said “perfunctory.” The critical component is that the content has to astound!

In recent times it seems discussion around the importance of content in education has been missing with debate has primarily focused on pedagogy and practice. However, as much as a Bowie show was unforgettable, partially due to the peripheral aspects, his genius was underpinned by his music. He was a brilliant songwriter and musician. His content was the key to his success. Bowie planned his lessons – he wrote his own songs!

As we mourn the passing of a legend we should seek to learn from his genius. Bowie was a craftsman of screen, stage, art and fashion and we in education can be the craftsmen in our classrooms.

question: Summarize how the text characterizes David Bowie and his influence on popular culture around the world.

answer: The text characterizes Bowie as an outlier and a brilliant mind.  He reinvented himself time and time again with his shifting style, art, and fashion, which is something rare and admirable. His fashion sense and general boldness never faded. Oftentimes, he was ahead of his time, and students learned as much from his cultural influence as they did his music and his personal quirks. It is implied that he was a teacher in his own right.

critique: The text does not say he was a teacher in his own right.

critique: There's no mention of the author characterizing Bowie as a teacher, or thinking that Bowie was one in his own right.

critique: The article does not mention that Bowie was a teacher.

critique: The author is not Bowie, and this is not stated in the text. This should be omitted.

critique: The text does not say that Bowie was a teacher in his own right.

text: Bowie's influence is summarized as "exploring, challenging, and inspiring." The answer should mention that.

category: coverage

question: Describe the effect Bowie's passing has had on pop culture.

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that Bowie's passing has had a great effect on pop culture.

critique: The answer should mention the outpouring of grief.

question: Summarize the theme of this article.

answer: The theme of this article is about David Bowie and how he was an unforgettable artist. The author of this article quotes Bowie's interview with Russell Harty in 1975, and how Bowie explains what is needed to have an astounding show. The author applies Bowie's words to the classroom, and says that Bowie was a craftsman of screen, stage, art, and fashion, and so can teachers be.

critique: The article is not about David Bowie, but about the qualities of a good teacher.

critique: The author isn't quoting Bowie's interview with Russell Harty in 1975.

critique: The answer does not summarize the theme of the article. It should be rewritten.

question: Summarize what the author maintains is David Bowie's strongest point.

answer: Bowie was a brilliant songwriter and musician. He performed a great show, but the content was his best point. In other words, the content of what he was teaching is what made his show strong. The author believes that Bowie is an example for educators to follow.

critique: The author believes Bowie's strongest point was his ability to engage and inspire students.

critique: Change "the author believes that Bowie is an example for educators to follow" to "the author believes Bowie's example can be followed by educators"

critique: The answer should mention the author's belief that Bowie's content is the key to his success.


text:
The Scorching

“I remember one day of winter,” my grandfather looked mistily out the twelve inch synthesized window. He’s one of the few in our colony that knows of winter first hand. I have brought him to the observation point on the western end of The Dome at his request. This is his response to my request to tell us of how life felt in the days before artificial air and extreme heats of the wastelands. “The wind whisked down my neighborhood just as I stepped out into the white blanket on my porch. A chill ran up my legs but I hardly noticed, my friends were already playing across the street. Hmpff, I couldn’t have been taller than I am now.” He looks to me with a smile. “We spent the entire day by the hill behind Wilson’s house. We took sleds and lids down that hill, trying to guide it down to an alley so we could go the farthest. We didn’t stop till we saw a couple girls from school cutting through the alley. Linda Mould and Susan P. Cole,” He turns to me with a special grin. Susan P. Cole was my grandmother.

“I jumped line when I saw them, knew it was a special one the second I started. The boys whopped and hollered behind me, they knew it too. Susan and Linda had to leap from my way just as I flew by and crashed right into the Ralman’s garbage cans. Didn’t think about how I’d stop, never do at that age. No one did in those days.” Something in his voice changes. The mist in his eyes is more of a water haze now, he points to the empty horizon. “I use to see homes, grass, animals, and clouds. I never new that hope for the future was artificial till the mechanics of the world were stripped from us. It didn’t matter what we did to try and stop it neither.” I can see him slipping into more painful memories so I request him to point out when exactly he noticed the world changing first hand.

“Changes? Well them happen often and often.” (He means to say changes happen a great deal and always.) “Well, the first time I realized the talk was true was I woke up in some pain, not a good deal, but enough to shake you to. Round the time I was leaving college I suppose. I looked around my bed for whoever woke me, Susan hadn’t been over that night so I couldn’t figure out who’d hurt my arm. It was near midday and I had spent the better half of the morning sleeping off the night before. I wanted to sleep some more but the sun was slipping between my blinds and onto the side of my bed. I got up to close the drapes, but first to peak outside. I was looking for anyone of note when I noticed warmth and a near instant sting all over my face. I leapt back and closed the drapes. I felt relief right away. I knew it, right then, I knew it. The sun was burning like they said it was, hot and fast. My first thought was to call Susan and see if she was feeling it too.”

It’s not long after that our history lessons pick up, reminding those of us who weren’t yet here that the earth was becoming barren. My grandfather was one the first selected to one of the science division domes. The structures we all have been raised were in fact substitutes for an atmosphere we never knew, so we could have a life we never could have hoped for. “I broke through as a design engineer. Interning for the great Doctor Kepling. Now that man could work, spend entire months ruining chalk boards and burrowing floors with his pacing. I nearly didn’t sleep in my time there trying to keep up with him and the three kids at home. No one really knows his name anymore, yet his design saved what’s left of us.” His sigh holds a lot of weight out of his chest. I decide its time to broche a subject that has been refrained from in my family for years now.

I ask him as gently as possible, what happened in the evacuation. There is a long pause and silence before he can gather the breath to speak. The gruffness I had grown up knowing is back, he is the old man in the recliner I know again. “We…We only got the news of The Flare just as it started. I was at home sleeping in as I had the day off and Susan…Susan should have been shopping. The phone call came and the doctor himself was frazzled. I could tell before he said anything it was happening. I was to stunned to really hear him after that, he said he just wanted to make sure I made it and hung up. I forced myself out of bed and put these packs of necessities and valuables we had made in case it did come. I heard the kids downstairs playing, I yelled for them to get up and get there stuff ready. They knew what I meant but I don’t think they truly new what it meant.” My father swears it was all too quick to remember. One day your breathing humid air, the next day it’s artificial. Kids his age hardly caught on to the significance of things as they went.

“Once we were all packed I rushed the kids out to the car. It was so bright out I could hardly see my way to the car, still I had to find Susan. I had lugged her bag to car with mine. I was going to drive strait to the market to find her. I’ve sweat often before and since then, but I doubt any compared to that day. We got there and I can remember my sprint to the door seeming to last far to long to be a couple dozen feet. I burst through the door and screamed for her, Susan! Susan!” His outcry catches me off guard, “I ran back and forth through the aisles still she is not there. I looked to my watch, If I was to save my children I couldn’t wait any longer. I’d have to hope she received the message and caught the follow up busses to one of the others.

When I returned to car and began to head for my designated dome, it was clear the word was out. People we rushing all about in a frenzy. I don’t ever think I’ve seen such horror on so many men and women’s faces as on that day. I told the kids to duck down so they wouldn’t see. I speed out from our town into the dessert sands towards the dome. I think I was one of the last through, they closed those giant glass doors a little after we passed through.” After this he holds his head in his hands in silent hiding of his face. My Aunt recalls him braking down and crying over the wheel till some nice man came to get them from the back seat. They didn’t see him again for a week. My grandmother was never found, nor has our family ever discussed her final whereabouts.

From there the rest of the word documents well our methods to survival. Two generations of struggle-less survival, made us able to be complacent again. We should stay vigilant in pursuit of the solution; we should never allow ourselves to simply survive, but also to live. Even if it is only our grandchildren who will truly be unscathed. Never may we forget what great human loss we suffered in the Scorching.

title: The Scorching

question: Explain who the narrator is talking about.

answer: The narrator is talking about their grandfather.

critique: It is omitted that the grandfather is talking about his memories of winter and how the world changed.

text: The answer should probably reflect the story being told by the narrator, rather than a single detail.

question: What does the text say about artificial air?

answer: The text mentions that artificial air is a substitute for the real thing. It is used to keep the people of the colony alive because the real world has become barren. The people of the colony have no recollection of the real world before artificial air. The narrator's grandfather knows what the real world is like because he experienced it firsthand. He tells the narrator that the real world had animals, grass, and clouds. He also tells the narrator that the sun was burning hot and fast.

critique: The answer is written in a confusing manner. It should separate the different things the text says about the real world and artificial air.

critique: The response contains inaccurate information.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

question: Explain the horror that was seen on the men's and women's faces

answer: Some of the evacuees were probably in disbelief. Some were probably angry to find out that they were too late and they would now have to live inside The Dome until the winds of The Flare fun out. Others probably were unhappy as they were going to leave their young children alone and give up the chance to take their daughters with them (my grandmother never found).

critique: The response does not fully answer the question.

text: The answer is a grammatical mess, with poor spelling and nonsensical sentences - it requires a full edit to reflect a good answer.

category: coherence

question: Summarize what caused "The Flare".

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the story does not mention what caused the flare.


text:
My name is Gil Perez, and for the sake of my sanity I make this journal. If creation has not completely inverted itself, twisted itself into some unrecognizable form from which God hath turned his back on in disgust, it should be the 25th of October, 1593. Even if that knowledge is sound it still gets me nowhere, for all I know I’ve descended into hell and very soon all the outlandish hominoids surrounding me will morph into even fouler satanic beasts than they already are and throw me on a spit to roast for dinner. Maybe this is the treatment I’ve earned myself; perhaps God hath already cast his judgment on me, taken me before my day had even begun, and this is the form for which my eternal punishment takes; a blistering inferno of strange sounds, sights, and smells; of demons dressed as men and women, appearing at a glance to be kin, my brothers and sisters, but once in focus turning into something foreign, unknown, as if they were from another time or place altogether.

I must not dwell on these things, fear is beginning to overtake me; God would not cast out such a faithful servant before he had even lived to see the day, before his time had truly come. This must be the work of a demon; Beelzebub himself had a hand in this I’m sure of it. What has befallen me I wary explain; words fail to describe the absurdity of what I see unfolding before my eyes every passing second. All is wrong, all is different, nothing is as it should be; I know not how to explain this.

My name, as I’ve already stated, is Gil Perez; I am a Spanish soldier and a member of the Filipino Guardia Civil, the national constabulary of the great and ever-expanding Spanish nation. Not but a few minutes ago I was on guard duty at the governor’s palace in Manila acting as a sentry to keep order on the grounds. It had been a rough few days, especially with the Governor Don Gomez Perez Dasmarinas’ assassination only a few days before; the heresy took everyone by surprise, and to demonstrate solidarity and dissuade any other traitorous Chinese pirates from disturbing the palace grounds again all guards were required to work through the night on the 23rd and a good chunk into the 24th; until a new governor was named, no one could go home. After this I was truly exhausted, more so than I have ever been since I joined the guard many a year ago, and so, in the lull of the early morning and with the knowledge of the no doubt busy day of patrol to come, I decided to lean back against one of the outer walls of the palace and rest my bones for but a few moments, wholly intending to wake back to full awareness in no more than a minute or two. Well, to put it bluntly, I awoke much quicker than I expected, to an environment not at all the one I had taken rest from. I don’t know what drove me to open my eyes so soon, I knew I had time enough to lounge for but a few moments in light of working through the night, but after several seconds with my eye closed something changed. I noticed something…different; almost like the realization of a fly on my back or a tick crawling up my leg. But it was more than this, something far stranger, something I would never expect to experience in this life or the next. As if reality skipped a beat, existence stuttered for a second, just a second, almost imperceptibly so, but just enough for me to hear. I was loafing about at the time of the event so the sounds around me were not particularly distinct, but the change in sound, the sudden switch from one background uproar to the next, jarred me to awareness and I opened my eyes to a different world. In that moment, I either died and was sent to where the Holy Father judged me deserving, or Beelzebub, in a rare surge of worldly influence, grabbed me by the collar and whisked me away to some other part of creation; I assume as a demon he does whatever is in his power to do that he believes will shake and undermine the faithful. Shake, he did; undermine, he did not.

In coming to terms with this occurrence I realize this place I’ve ended up, by some divine joke as it seems, is not heaven or hell. I’m actually still within the Spanish Empire if I’m correct; judging by the suits of the guard I’ve seen walk by and the architecture of the surrounding buildings I believe I’m standing in proximity to the Plaza Mayor, the courtyard of the Mexican capital building in Mexico City. This, though still obviously quite startling, is a great relief; I truly thought my life had simply ceased, that my essence had simply been extinguished and that I was destined to wander aimlessly about a nonsensical landscape full of equally nonsensical and unnerving figures as a spirit among the land of the dead for the rest of eternity.

In any case, my momentary reprieve from reality it seems is coming to an end. Almost as soon as I arrived I was approached by a Mexican guard asking me what I was doing here and why I was dressed the way I was. I told him of my livelihood and my station, to which he promptly retorted in exactly the way I would expect any rational individual to react when told a tale such as mine, going from the middle of the Philippines all the way across the Atlantic Ocean and into the dead center of Mexico City in what seemed an instant. Strange though, upon further questioning not only the nature of my being here but also the time in which I’m here seems off, for the guard responded to my recounting of the date in the same sharp tone he expressed his disbelief of my point of origin, informing me it was only the 23rd of October. This it appears he has deemed enough to take me in for more intensive questioning, on suspicion of engaging in sorcery or being possessed no doubt, as he and a posse of 5 other men are now patrolling a little more ardently the grounds I previously occupied. After several minutes of rudimentary questioning when I first appeared the guard went on his way, unconvinced as he was, and I, suffering still from the shock of God’s divine hand or Satan’s devious scepter, wandered off to a small alley between buildings adjacent to the plaza, in hopes of gathering my thoughts and grasping hold of my sanity before it slipped away unto the abyss. This I achieved, but I doubt I have any recourse but to cooperate with my North American compatriots and allow myself to go through they’re investigative process at this point. I know no one in this land; no one will vouch for me here. My story is not very convincing in any case; more the stock of fairy tales than anything else. I will simply relinquish myself unto God once again and trust in his divine plan; for through his power or some derivation of it I was brought here, and through his power again must I go.

The guards come for me now; may all who find this tattered piece of paper trust in its words and know them not to be false. All I have said is recounted from memory and emotion alone, nothing more. May God bless you and keep you my friends.

-GP

title: Caught In a Cosmic Burp

question: Summarize the narrator's actionable options regarding the assassination.

answer: No answer

question: What does the story say about angels?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the story doesn't mention angels.

critique: The answer should state that there is no mention of angels in the story.


text:
White Light

I was excited for tonight. However slightly nervous at the same time. I hadn’t seen all these people in so long. Were they going to like me still? Did they even remember me? Did they miss me as much as I missed them? All these questions running through my head was giving me a headache. I decided to take a quick shower. After I got out the shower I noticed I had a missed call from my old friend Tom. I immediately called him back.

“hey Tom what's up?” I asked.
“oh nothing” he replied “just wondering if you were going tonight that’s all”
“yeah of course I am, I wouldn’t miss it for the world” I said
“aw nice one! I was thinking, if you wanted to, you should come round early and help set up everything?”he asked
I hesitated for a moment, he always was a bit flirty.
“yeah okay sure, gives us time to have little catch-up before the party”
“it's a date!” Tom exclaimed.
“okay, bye”
With that I ended the call. Tom and I have a past that I don’t really want to repeat.

The next 2 hours flew by and I found myself driving to Tom's house. Once I arrived I walked straight in and no surprise he was in his bedroom rolling what he called 'doobies'. He offered me one (as he always does) but I declined, I didn’t want to be 'high' while I was seeing everyone again. Tom was much taller than I remembered. He still had that noticeable scar under his left eye, which I still to this day don’t know how he got. His long blonde hair flicked across his brow almost covering his eyes. I did notice however, that his clothes seemed to be on the tight side. His nipples were clearly visible through his plain, green t-shirt.

By around 10pm most people had arrived and I was I feeling slightly unsettled. I didn’t really know anyone here. I mean I had talked with my old friends but they all seemed like they had somewhere better to be. So there I am just sat there on the crinkly, leather couch drinking alone. I start to notice that in fact, everyone was acting unnatural. I liked to people watch, it became a habit of mine once I started my new college. Something was certainly not right, I had to get out of here.

I stood up and took a brisk walk to the door only to get intercepted by Tom.
“leaving already?” Tom asked.
“yeah kinda feeling a bit ill, one to many beers I think” I gulped.
“I have just the thing, follow me”

Feeling slightly apprehensive I followed. He lead me through a maze of people, to the outdoor sofa's. Surprisingly it wasn’t cold out, considering it was the middle of November. It was a clear night and the garden was illuminated by the full moon. We took a seat next to the smokers, they all had longish hair and looked like the stereotypical stoner’s you would see in the movies. Tom proceeded to pull out a doobie. He lit it and puffed away on it. I was starting to wonder why he brought me out here. He then sticks out his hand with the lit joint and beckons me to take it. I was slightly anxious about taking it, I had only ever smoked while I had been sober. I ignored my gut instinct not to take it and took a few big hits and passed it back.

“not so bad, eh” Tom chimed.
“hmm I suppose, I don’t feel any different” I lied.
Inside my head was spinning. My vision was blurry. However I felt fine now, more at ease. That was until I detected everyone staring at me. What was happening, everyone looked odd, but I couldn’t put my finger on what was different about them. Then it clicked. They weren’t humans.

I had to leave right now. I chucked my coat on and stumbled to the door. Fortunately for me it was open. I ventured on my journey across town, I debated calling a taxi but decided against the idea as I had no money. I got about halfway down the street when I heard someone calling my name. I swiftly turn around to see Tom stood there.

“I need your help they're trying to get me” he shouted. Before I could answer him back one of the people from the party leapt onto him and started ripping him to pieces. I watched as this red-eyed creature, denatured my friend. I let out a whimper.  What was this thing? I just witnessed my best friend savagely ripped apart in front of my very eyes. I sprinted away as fast as my legs could go. I finally made it to a supermarket where I found refuge in a older man. I blurted out my story and he offered me comfort and a place to stay, to which I accepted gratefully.

I shakily climbed into his shiny black ford and closed my eyes as we sped off. I felt a cold shiver down my spine and I slowly opened my eyes. He was one of them. I manage to catch a glimpse of his blood red eyes and my worst fears came true. The car screeched to a halt and the old man got out. I made a split-second decision and flung the car door open and made a run for it. I was one step behind.

The creature hooked its man like hands around my arms and pulled me towards it. It stopped for a moment and examined me. It proceeded to stare deep into me almost like it could see my soul quivering in fright. His arms jerked down towards my legs and I watched in agony as he dismembered my body, limb from limb.
I saw the light and all my pain was gone.
I was dead.

title: first draft of my coursework story, all feedback is welcome thanks. 1010 words

question: What does the text say about Tom?

answer: Tom is the narrator's friend and former boyfriend. He invites the narrator to help him set up for a party. The narrator says Tom always flirts with him. Tom later tries to convince the narrator to smoke with him. He leads the narrator to the outdoor sofas. Tom seems to be a good friend and tells the narrator that the creatures are after him. However, Tom is also a creature that dismembers the narrator, limb from limb.

critique: The last sentence is vague and confusing.

critique: Tom and the narrator were never in a romantic relationship, and went their separate ways some time ago for what the narrator considers a fling. However, the line to find and distance themselves from the fling andeach other didn't get drawn. That's what the narrator was going to avoid tonight, and that's why he feels uncertain whether his former friends would still like him.

critique: Tom is not the narrator's former boyfriend.

critique: The narrator and Tom are not former boyfriends.

critique: "He leads the narrator to the outdoor sofas." - this is inaccurate. Tom leads the narrator to the outdoor sofas.

text: "However, Tom is also a creature that dismembers the narrator, limb from limb." - this is incorrect. Tom was killed by one of the creatures and the narrator was dismembered by the old man she met at the supermarket who was also a creature.

category: accuracy

question: What is the twist of the story?

answer: The narrator is not human.

critique: The twist is that the narrator is not human, but the twist is not revealed until the end of the story.

critique: The story starts out with this fact, but it's not the twist.

critique: The twist is that the narrator is not human, but the twist is not revealed until the end.

critique: Add that the narrator believes that the people at the party are not human.

critique: The twist is that the narrator is not human.

critique: This is a correct answer but it needs to be more specific.

critique: The twist of the story is that the narrator is not human, but the twist is revealed at the end.

question: Summarize why the narrator hasn't seen her friends in so long.

answer: No answer

critique: This is an incorrect response to the question. The reason the narrator hasn't seen her friends in so long is not answered in the text.

critique: No need for an elegant, fully formed sentence of it's own.


text:
[] [] []

[]

THE REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN. ARE YOU READY?

[]

[] []

About Plan

We're the UK's fastest growing business comms provider.

We specialise in mobile, mobile broadband and hosted voice - everything you need to keep your business connected.

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About Plan

Fast, flexible and online. That's how you run your business. And that's how we run ours.

Experience unrivalled control over all your telecoms services through our award-winning online portal.

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About Plan

High tech meets good old-fashioned personal service.

Our dedicated UK-based customer support teams will help your business stay connected, in control of your account and ahead of the game.

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Our Products

Whatever your business needs. We've got what it takes.

The latest handsets from all the leading manufacturers including Apple and Samsung with affordable tariffs and generous allowances designed around your business.

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plan.com is the only real future for the independent b2b communications companies.

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OUR PARTNERS

The power of partnership

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plan.com + O2

plan.com customers enjoy all the benefits of the O2 network and its excellent UK coverage.

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plan.com has set the benchmark on how to support the partner channel.

Miles Watson, Alliance Communications

question: What is Plan.com's marketing strategy?

answer: It's to offer a suite of services that are all interconnected, and to offer the services in a way that is easy to understand.

critique: This answer is incorrect. Plan.com's marketing strategy is to offer a suite of services that are all interconnected and to offer the services in a way that is easy to understand.

text: The answer is a bit off. It seems that their marketing strategy is to be fast, flexible, and online.


text:
I woke up to the ranting of an angry lady outside the streets. I gazed upon the clock as the sunlight dazed my face. It’s 9:53. I am late for work. I quickly prepared myself, skipping breakfast. I hurried outside to call a cab. Strangely, there was none. I overheard the radio from a store on the other side of the road. There was a strike. It answered my questions about why there no cabs passing by. ***Everything’s seemed familiar.*** I went to grab my bicycle and rode my way to work. On my way to work, I tried to recall the dream I had last night. It was like any other day. I got late, there was a strike, and I rode my bicycle to work. Though, I can’t seem to remember the rest of it. Things start to get hazy. I had a feeling that my phone would ring. I took my phone from my pocket and it did.  It was from my girlfriend. She said she was breaking up with me. Somehow, I was not surprised. I got mean to her last night. I’ve seen this coming, but I was still hoping it won’t. As I arrived to work, my boss was waiting for me by my cubicle. He shouted and scolded at me for being late again. He said he’ll be decreasing my pay. *Again.* This happened yesterday too. I suddenly felt monotonous.

I finished my work late. It’s 12:28 pm now. I was getting ready to leave the office and head back home. I went to the area where I parked my bicycle. It was gone. I forgot to chain the bicycle by the post. There are still no cabs to ride till now. I had no choice. I decided to walk back home. As I was near my neighborhood, I stared on the dark alley. I had a sudden feeling that something bad is going to happen, but I ignored it and insisted on walking. There were three guys looking at me. Two of which holding a knife, the other one smoking a cigarette. They started to head toward me. I felt a cold drop of sweat run through my face. I can hear my heart pumping so fast. I began to run. Sadly, the guy smoking a cigarette has a gun. He shot my leg. The pain was intense. I fall to the hard cold concrete of the street. I start to panic. I can hear their footsteps getting louder as they walk towards me. “You can’t run away from us kid.”, one of them said. They searched for anything valuable from my pockets. They took my phone and wallet and left. I lay down for minutes, still shocked. As I regain my senses, I tried to stand up and walked to my apartment. I noticed something odd. The door was already unlocked. I felt uneasy as I opened the door slowly. Everything’s a mess. The Furniture were scattered everywhere. Closets and wardrobes all opened. I got robbed. I sat down and took a glass of beer. I remembered my dream. *No, it wasn’t a dream. It was a memory*. A sudden burst of memories blew onto me. As if I was experiencing a déjà vu. I’ve been living in this hell for long. Everything’s still the same. I finally gave up. I stood up and decided what to do. I stared at the starry night sky as the cold wind brush through my face. This should stop everything. I looked down to the streets, closed my eyes, and felt the wind rush through my face as my body falls down. I heard a crack and a loud ringing came after. It was painful. I can feel the cold fluid flowing out of my body. I tried to open my eyes. I could still see the peaceful sky. I lost consciousness slowly. Everything is cold. This should do.

*I woke up to the ranting of an angry lady outside the streets.*

title: Again?

question: Summarize everything negative that happens to the narrator.

answer: He forgets to chain up his bicycle, then gets late for work. He gets in trouble for being late. He has a dream about his girlfriend breaking up with him, and she calls him to confirm it, then he gets shot by robbers. He gets robbed of his phone and wallet. He wakes up to the ranting of an angry lady.

critique: The phrase "wakes up" is redundant since the original problem is that he wakes up out of the dream.

critique: The narrator wakes up to the ranting of an angry lady, but it's not negative.

critique: The narrator is not woken up by the ranting of an angry lady.

critique: The narrator does not wake up to the ranting of an angry lady.

critique: The narrator doesn't wake up to the ranting of an angry lady.

text: The order of events presented is incorrect.

question: What does the story say about the type of person the narrator is?

answer: The narrator is a person who is always late for work. He is also forgetful and careless. He forgets to chain his bike to the post and forgets to lock his apartment door. He is also forgetful about his girlfriend breaking up with him.

critique: The narrator is not forgetful about his girlfriend breaking up with him.

critique: It's omitted that the narrator is also careless about his safety, as he ignores his intuition about the three men with knives and a gun.

critique: It can be omitted that he forgets to chain his bike to the post because the answer addresses the cost of the narrator's accident. Omit irrelevant sentences.

text: It isn't certain if he forgets to lock his apartment door or if the lock was picked by the burglars, so omit this.

question: Summarize the twist at the end of the story.

answer: The protagonist goes through the day in a nightmare, memories flashing back to previous days. The memories are a reminder to the protagonist of what to do, as if someone is deliberately perpetuating the nightmare. It's not until the protagonist wakes up and sees the angry lady again that he decides to kill himself by jumping off the rooftop.

critique: The narrator kills himself because he is stuck in a time loop.

text: The last sentence is out of order: the narrator commits suicide, and then wakes up again to the angry lady.

question: What does the story say about the reason the narrator is reliving the same day over and over?

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the narrator is not sure why he is reliving the same day.


text:
Coffee is increasingly earning scientists’ approval. Studies continue to suggest that the beverage may have some beneficial effects on health.

In the latest analysis, published in the _BMJ_, researchers scanned nearly 220 studies on coffee and found that overall, coffee drinkers may enjoy more health benefits than people who don’t drink the brew.

The scientists, led by Robin Poole from the University of Southampton in the UK, learned that people who drank coffee were 17% less likely to die early during the study period from any cause, 19% less likely to die of heart disease and 18% less likely to develop cancer, compared to people who did not drink coffee.

Other recent studies have linked coffee drinking to lower rates of heart disease, early death and diseases like liver cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and even neurological conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Poole’s group found that the strongest benefit occurred among people who drank around three cups of coffee a day.

“I think now we can be reasonably reassured that overall, coffee drinking is a safe habit,” says Dr. Eliseo Guallar, professor of epidemiology and medicine at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study.

MORE: Here’s Another Reason to Feel Good About Drinking Coffee

Other studies have tried to tease apart which ingredients in coffee contribute to its health benefits. Those might include its antioxidants, which can combat cancer, and anti-inflammatory compounds, which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart conditions and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s, as well as the risk of liver diseases like cirrhosis and cancer.

While they say that the results support moderate coffee drinking as a relatively healthy habit, both Poole and Guallar say the findings don’t go far enough to prompt anyone to change their coffee-drinking habits in the hopes of improving their health. The study did not confirm, for example, that people who do not currently drink coffee should start adding a cup or two a day in order to lower their risk of getting heart disease or any of the other chronic conditions studied. The data also do not support the idea that current coffee drinkers should drink even more coffee to enhance whatever benefits they might be receiving. Too much coffee, the data suggest, starts to bend the benefit curve back down.

The only negative health effects the review found were among women, who were at slightly higher risk of developing fractures if they drank more coffee, and pregnant women. Pregnant women who drank more coffee tended to have higher rates of miscarriage, more premature births and more babies born with low birthweight than women who drank less coffee, the study found.

MORE: Can Coffee Make Your Workout Easier?

Poole notes that the analysis included a number of different studies, each with different designs, and not all of them may have adjusted for potential confounding effects that could skew the connection between coffee and health outcomes. Coffee drinkers, for example, also tend to smoke more than non-drinkers, and smoking has an effect on early death, heart disease and certain cancers.

The findings should be reassuring for coffee drinkers, as long as they drink in moderation, Poole says. Further studies will hopefully look deeper into the type and amount of coffee that confers the most health benefit.

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CONTACT US at letters@time.com.

question: Summarize the socioeconomic context around this coffee study.

answer: No answer

critique: No answer is given, but it is likely there is none.

critique: No response is given, but the article provides the necessary information.

critique: No answer is provided because it is explicitly described in the text.

critique: No answer is given. The answer is to be written.

question: Summarize the ways in which coffee drinking can be beneficial.

answer: Coffee drinkers may have better survival rates than those who do not consume coffee. They're less likely to develop heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. The study found that drinking around three cups of coffee a day provides the maximum health benefit. It can also lower your risk of heart disease.

critique: The study did not find that drinking around three cups of coffee a day provides the maximum health benefit.

critique: "Drinking around three cups of coffee a day" may be true, but the passage says that coffee doesn't provide the maximum health benefit, rather there are negative health effects beyond three cups a day.

critique: It's omitted that in the case of women, the amount of coffee drunk can result in reproductive problems.

critique: The study doesn't say that three cups is the maximum health benefit.

critique: "survival rates" is misleading. It's not clear what it means.

critique: The evidence does not suggest that those who do not drink coffee are more likely to develop heart disease, diabetes, or cancer.

critique: The study found that three cups a day is the best amount.

critique: The second sentence should use third-person pronouns and omit the exact hypothesis statistics.

critique: The article doesn't mention a maximum health benefit.

critique: The answer omits that the study found that coffee drinkers were 17% less likely to die early during the study period from any cause, 19% less likely to die of heart disease and 18% less likely to develop cancer.

critique: The answer should mention the benefits of coffee for pregnant women.

critique: The answer should mention that the study found that coffee drinkers are less likely to die from any cause.

critique: It's omitted that coffee may also lower your risk of liver cirrhosis.

text: The answer also omitted that according to recent studies, coffee consumption can lower rates of type 2 diabetes and neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

refinement: Coffee drinkers may have better survival rates than those who do not consume coffee. They're less likely to develop heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. The study found that drinking around three cups of coffee a day provides the maximum health benefit. It can also lower your risk of heart disease.

question: Summarize the types of ingredients in coffee that are thought to have beneficial properties.

answer: Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and low in calories make coffee seem like a good provider for health benefits. Preliminary studies have found coffee can lower risks for certain cancers and heart conditions, liver disease and cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes, and even neurological diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Coffee's main ingredient, caffeine, has health benefits that drinkers might not realize. The effects of caffeine include increased testosterone levels in heterosexual men, it works as a diuretic (people sweat more in order to rid the body of excess water than they would without caffeine), and it also has been shown to make people depressed, increase the rate at which one's heart beats, and we might commend coffee intake for weight loss as it has been shown to reduce body fat.

critique: The response contains inaccurate information.

critique: The response is irrelevant to the question.

critique: Coffee contains all these ingredients and they are thought to benefit health. Include the anti-inflammatory effects of coffee.

critique: The answer is not related to the question.

critique: It's not clear that the effects of caffeine include increased testosterone levels in heterosexual men and it has been shown to make people depressed.

critique: The first sentence is not relevant and should be removed.

critique: The response includes extraneous information not useful for the task.

critique: The passage says that coffee was found to have antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and the strong antioxidant is believed to enhance the health benefits. This is not mentioned in the answer.

critique: Combine the last two sentences into one.

critique: The effects of caffeine are irrelevant to the question asked.

critique: This text is both irrelevant and mostly wrong

critique: There's never any suggestion that coffee is low in calories.

question: What does this entire text ultimately say about drinking coffee?

answer: While other studies have found that coffee may more negatively affect certain members of the population waiting to conceive, overall, this article suggests drinking coffee may have health benefits.

critique: The other findings with coffee have not been mentioned in the article. The answer should just refer to the studies about drinking coffee.

critique: The answer should mention the benefits of coffee.

critique: The significance of the article's content is that it says coffee may have health benefits.

critique: The answer should mention the health benefits of coffee.

critique: The answer is not a summary of the text.

critique: The second sentence should use "may" instead of "more negatively affect".

critique: The answer should mention the studies that suggest coffee has health benefits.

critique: The first sentence is irrelevant to the question and should be omitted.

critique: "While" doesn't make sense in this context. There are no other studies in the text.

critique: The answer should explain that it's concerning pregnant women.

critique: While drinking coffee may negatively affect certain members of the population, this article does not contain any mention of two different findings for two different populations.

critique: The other health risks are not relevant to the question.

critique: The answer should mention that the article suggests drinking coffee may have health benefits.

critique: The answer omits the findings of the study that the scientists led by Poole found.


text:
The provincial government is reporting that the conversion of thousands of older, wood-burning stoves to newer and more efficient models has improved air quality and reduced risk of fires, but the Peace Region seems content to keep its old wood stoves as a primary source of heating for many homes.

The provincial government reported that its Wood Stove Exchange Program has resulted in the conversion of more than 5,000 wood-burning stoves to cleaner-burner models since the program began in 2008, which the Ministry of Environment states resulted in a reduction of more than 310 tonnes of particulate matter pumped into the air.

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The Province said that high-efficiency wood stoves are proven to burn one-third less wood, reduce emissions by up to 70 per cent and significantly reduce the risk of chimney fires and that the approximately 116,000 older model stoves still in use around the province can affect the health of homeowners, their neighbours and overall airshed.

However, the Peace River Regional District is not a participant in that incentive program, and in a previous discussion around the provincial program, the regional board of directors noted that "while the efficiency rating of the new technology wood-burning stoves is to be commended, there are many people within our region who rely on wood burning stoves as their sole source of heat and the new stoves cannot be controlled sufficiently to provide the extended burning time needed in these situations." The reference was in regards to the newer models not having dampers on them that would allow a fire to smoulder and provide warmth for longer periods of time.

"We were concerned about the rules they (the government) were putting in place because, as it always is in our beautiful province, one size does not fit all, so the solution for the Lower Mainland may in fact not be the solution for us," said Karen Goodings, regional district board chair, on why the board resisted new regulations for solid fuel burning for domestic appliances.

Jane Parsons, a resident of Farmington, said her and her husband have been using a wood-burning stove to heat their home for over 20 years and they believe it has many benefits.

"I think in the climate we live in, it is really good to have a wood burner because you don't have to rely on any outside power to work it," said Parsons. "When the power goes out, we just close the damper and open up the back of the furnace, and it keeps the house at a level temperature of about 65 [degrees Fahrenheit, or 18 degrees Celsius] even without power."

She added it has also saved them quite a bit of money over the years.

"Over the years, Nick [her husband] has worked out that we've saved $15,000 by burning our own wood in the last 20 years," she said.

Parsons said there is a discernable difference in the kind of heat produced by wood burning over that produced by natural gas combustion.

"It's a nice, moist heat, and it's a warm heat as well," she said. "I remember when we first moved to Canada we lived in a house that was heated by natural gas, and coming from England where there's a moist atmosphere to a house burning natural gas, we had very bad dry coughs for a while, and then when we moved here (to Farmington) with this wood-burning stove, our coughs went."

She said she doesn't think the emissions produced by wood burning stoves are really very significant to the overall quality of the airshed.

"I think wood-burning stoves are very clean. I lived in England in my early days and they burned coal, which caused a lot of smog, but I think actual wood burning, personally, is not a problem," she said, adding she suspects much more smoke and pollution is generated by the slash pile burning that goes on in the region than is generated by domestic heating.

Parsons said they re very careful to make sure their wood stove is properly maintained to prevent any uncontrolled fires from starting, and she believes that is the case with most people in the region who have one.

"My husband cleans our wood burner out every month, takes all of the old ash out and makes sure the chimney is clear. I think that goes without saying that people who burn wood always keep an eye on the chimney and the furnace."

She added it is a requirement of their home insurance that they have the wood stove inspected regularly, and she had it inspected about two years ago and it still meets that requirement.

Bob Fulton, deputy fire chief with the Dawson Creek fire department, said for the most part, wood burning stoves and other appliances are usually quite safe as long as they are maintained properly. However, he said residents who let their wood-burning stoves smoulder constantly without allowing hotter fires to burn are at an increased risk of starting chimney fires.

"Too many people will set a fire in it, just get the fire going and then damper it right down and let it smoulder, and that creates creosote, which is a hazard for starting chimney fires," said Fulton.

Creosote is a highly-combustible by-product of the incomplete combustion of wood or coal.

"It's the biggest issue with wood-burning appliances for us," said Fulton.

He said allowing for a hotter fire - generally in the morning before regular use and once at the end of the day - will prevent creosote from cooling, condensing and then accumulating in a chimney flue. He added chimneys need to be swept of debris on a regular basis, as well as the firebox itself needs to be cleaned and the ashes and other waste stored in a metal container, not a cardboard box, because the coals can still be hot enough to reignite even days after the fire.

Fulton said in Dawson Creek there have been residential fires resulting from wood-burning appliances, but he said generally residents have learned how to maintain those appliances properly. However, he said upgrading to more fuel-efficient appliances does generally reduce the chances of chimney fires, as long as the chimney is right-sized to that new appliance.

question: Summarize the stated benefits of wood-burner stoves compared to new models.

answer: The new models are more fuel-efficient and reduce emissions by up to 70%. However, the old models are cheaper to use overall. The old models do not require electricity to run, and can be used as a backup during power outages. The old models also produce a moist heat, which is more comfortable to use.

critique: The old models are not cheaper to use overall.

critique: The second and third sentences are not stated in the article.

question: Summarize the stated benefits of cleaner-burner models compared to wood-burning stoves.

answer: The cleaner-burner models are more efficient, burning one-third less wood, reducing emissions by up to 70%, and reducing the risk of chimney fires.

critique: The answer omits the reduction of particulate matter pumped into the air.

critique: The answer should mention the reduction in particulate matter.

question: Summarize the different viewpoints / approaches taken by the various parties mentioned in the article.

answer: The provincial government is trying to get people to switch to more efficient wood-burning stoves to reduce emissions and improve air quality. The Peace River Regional District is not a participant in the incentive program, and the board of directors there are concerned about the rules being put in place by the government. They note that one size does not fit all, and that the solution for the Lower Mainland may not be the solution for them. The board of directors also notes that there are many people in the region who rely on wood-burning stoves as their sole source of heat. Jane Parsons, a resident of Farmington, says that she and her husband have been using a wood-burning stove to heat their home for over 20 years. She believes it has many benefits, and that it is a good thing to have a wood burner because you don't have to rely on any outside power to work it. She also believes that the emissions produced by wood-burning stoves are not very significant to the overall quality of the airshed. Bob Fulton, deputy fire chief with the Dawson Creek fire department, says that wood-burning stoves and other appliances are usually quite safe as long as they are maintained properly.

critique: It's omitted that Karen Goodings, regional district board chair, says that they were concerned about the rules they were putting in place because, as it always is in their beautiful province, one size does not fit all, so the solution for the Lower Mainland may actually not be the solution for them.

critique: The answer should mention the board's concerns about the new regulations.

text: The answer could be shortened.

question: Summarize what the article says about the provincial government's next steps.

answer: No answer

critique: The answer should mention that the article does not mention the government's next steps.

critique: Nothing relates to the next steps of government

critique: The answer should mention that the article does not mention the provincial government's next steps.

critique: The answer should mention that the article does not mention any next steps.

critique: The response misses to answer the instruction in the task.

critique: The answer should mention that the article does not mention what the next steps are.


text:
The couple at the table next to us told us how they liked to experience local life when they travelled. The man pointed to a bottle of wine which lounged casually in an ice bucket and said _“like trying the local wine.”_

It was a bottle of Ribera del Duero. Spanish but definitely not local. There’s a massive difference.

A while back someone on Tripadvisor asked for wine recommendations on Tenerife. In six pages of replies not one person suggested a Tenerife wine.

Millions of people might visit the island each year but for many, what is actually ‘local’ can remain a bit hazy.

For anyone who wants to really go local on Tenerife when it comes to alcohol, here are six suggestions which are, relatively, easy to find.

RON MIEL

[Flavoured rum, Tenerife]
Let’s start with the one most people are likely to have tried if they’ve ever eaten in a Canarian restaurant, _ron miel_ (honey rum). Best served as chilled as ice, this is often plonked in front of you with the bill. It’s sweet and easy to drink, unlike the often throat-stripping grappa you get in some other European destinations. It’s a nice touch at the end of a meal and its pleasantly refreshing taste prompts some people to buy a bottle to take home… to store unopened in a cupboard until it’s long past its ‘drink by’ date. To me it’s quite nice as a one-off but I’d never drink it at home.

RUM CHUPITO

[Ron Guajira, Tenerife]
A _chupito_ (shot) of local rum (gold, not white) is often our preferred way to end an evening out; a friend in La Gomera got us into the habit of a _chupito_ for the road. Canary Island rums are pretty decent and there are rum factories on Gran Canaria, Tenerife and La Palma. At carnival time, huge displays of bottles of Canarian rum spring up in the island’s main supermarkets. Guajira is the Tenerife brand; however our preferred _ron dorado_ is La Palma’s Aldea rum.

MOJITO

[Mojito, Tenerife]
Thanks to the Canary Islands’ links with South America and Cuba especially, mojito is the island’s favourite cocktail. The zingy mix of rum, soda water, lime juice sugar and mint is perfect for a sultry subtropical climate. This is the cocktail you’re most likely to see scrawled on blackboards outside of bars. In some of the liveliest local bars there’s a factory like production line of bar staff making mojito after mojito for thirsty customers.

TENERIFE WINES

[Balcon Canario, Tenerife wine]
Forget Ribera de Duero and Rioja, if you’re a wine drinker get that nose right into a glass of the local vino. It took us a few years to learn to really appreciate it but now we’d choose Canarian over mainland Spanish wines every time. We’re mostly red drinkers so can’t really comment on the whites, but there’s often a far more interesting mix of flavours in good Canarian reds compared to those from the mainland. We’re clearly not alone in thinking this as Canarian wines regularly win top awards in international wine competitions. Generally speaking, for white wines pick one from a bodega in the south of the island and one from the north for reds, but that’s not always a given. Personal preferences change every so often, but there are usually bottles from Candido Hernandez Pio, Monje, El Lomo and Viña Norte bodegas in our rack.

CRAFT BEER

[Craft beer, Tenerife]
The best known local cerveza is Dorada, a light lager which slips down the throat very easily on a hot, sunny day. In truth it’s a fizzy lightweight in the world of beer. For a Tenerife beer with a stronger personality seek out one of the island’s artisan beers. In the last few years some craft micro-breweries have sprung up on the island. However, you still have to seek out a bottle from any of them. Look for labels like Tierra de Perros, Chutney’s Willie Sutton or Tacoa’s El Teide which has a slight hint of tajinaste honey.

BARRAQUITO

[Barraquito, Tenerife]
And finally a coffee with a kick, the _barraquito_ – a Tenerife drink whose stunning looks has people at the next table saying to the waiter _“I’ll have one of those”_ and whose flavour backs up its striking appearance. Said to originate in a bar in Santa Cruz, a _barraquito_ is a layered mix of milk, condensed milk, coffee, cinnamon, lemon peel and licor 43. Ordering a _barraquito_ isn’t always a straightforward affair. In some places the mix is called a _‘zaperoco’_. I’ve had instances where I’ve ordered a _barraquito_ to be told I mean a _zaperoco_. And at other times when I’ve ordered a _zaperoco_ the waiter’s replied _“you mean a barraquito.”_ To be sure you get that essential shot of licor 43 (it makes all the difference) it’s worth ordering a _‘barraquito completo’_ or _‘barraquito con todo’._

Although these are six popular local drinks there are a few more, some of which are quite obscure. But most visitors won’t come into contact with them so there’s not much point in listing them. Plus, for one reason or another, we like to hold a few things back.

  Jack is co-editor, writer and photographer for BuzzTrips and the Real Tenerife series of travel websites as well as a contributor to online travel sites and travel magazines. Follow Jack on Google+

question: What does the narrator enjoy, as stated in the text?

answer: Mojitos, wine and iced rum.

critique: The response is missing the name of the author.

critique: The response is missing the word "Tenerife" in the answer.

critique: Add the term, "Tenerife wine" to the response.

critique: The narrator enjoys the following: rum, wine, mojito, craft beer and barraquito.

question: Would the local alcohol suggestions be useful to someone who was on vacation?

answer: Yes, because they are easy to find.

critique: The answer is also given in the article.

critique: The answer is inaccurate because it is not stated in the text.

critique: The answer should mention that the article is about Tenerife.


text:
ŽELJKA ČIŽMEŠIJA (born 19 October 1970) is a Croatian retired figure skater. She placed as high as 11th at the European Championships (1987, 1989) and competed at two Winter Olympics (1988, 1992). She was the first woman to represent Croatia at the Olympics.[1]

Career

Čižmešija began appearing internationally for SFR Yugoslavia in the 1980s. She finished 13th at the 1984 World Junior Championships. In 1986, she made her first appearances at senior-level ISU Championships, placing 16th at Europeans and 21st at Worlds.

The following season, Čižmešija finished 11th at the 1987 European Championships in Sarajevo and 16th at the 1987 World Championships in Cincinnati. She placed 22nd at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada. She had another 11th-place finish at the 1989 European Championships in Birmingham, England.

On 7 March 1990, at the 1990 World Championships, Čižmešija became the last skater to perform a compulsory figure in international competition (David Liu having previously become the last male skater to do it). Both she and Liu received certificates for it.[2]

In her final season, Čižmešija represented Croatia. Training was difficult due to the war and lack of ice.[3] She placed 25th at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.[4] She retired from competition at the end of the season.

Personal life

Željka Čižmešija is the sister of Tomislav Čižmešija,[5] who competed in men's singles for Croatia at the 1992 Olympics.

Results

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| Skate America                                                         |
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title: Željka Čižmešija

question: Summarize the political events around the height of Cizmesija's career.

answer: No answer

critique: The response leaves out a lot of key details of Cižmesija's career. The first sentence in the wiki article should be included in the response.

critique: The answer should mention the breakup of Yugoslavia.

critique: It is omitted that the war and lack of ice made training difficult for Cizmesija.


text:
_REICHELTIA HALSTEADI_, HALSTEAD'S TOADFISH, is a species of pufferfish endemic to Australia. This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

Description

The Halstead's toadfish is a species representing a monotypic genus of tetraodontid fishes. The most obvious characteristic of the Halstead's toadfish is an elongated body that is rounded dorsally. The body is also flattened ventrally, tapering to a narrow caudal penduncle. It has a small terminal mouth with no chin and triturating teeth are absent. The top of pectoral fin base is below the lower margin of eye and the pectoral fin margins are rounded. The Nasal organ has two small, almost equally sized openings. The eyes are round, moderate in size and the rim is completely adnate. The lips are moderately thick and covered with numerous short papillae. The prefrontals are moderately large, rounded, each with a small olfactory nerve foramen; frontals wide over orbit; sphenotic not contacting supraoccipital. The spines are restricted to the nape and belly.[1]

The color of the body varies, the ground color of dorsum is pale yellowish green with many irregular light browns or reddish-brown blotches. Dark brown bands cross the dorsum at the eyes, between the eyes and pectoral fin base, just behind the pectoral fin base and are extending down side at dorsal fin base, and at the caudal fin base. Brownish blotches and yellow green background continue to mid-lateral region of the fish and are replaced by small silverfish-grey flecks which gradually merges into the white belly. The cheeks and lower lateral surfaces have a silverfish-grey sheen. Spinose region of the belly is white. All fins are pale, and a reddish-brown patch is seen on anterior of pectoral fin insert.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Halstead's toadfish is distributed in the southwestern Pacific, from Queensland to New South Wales, Australia. It is found at depths ranging from 1 to 80 metres.[3] [Halstead's toadfish range] Reicheltia halsteadi is demersal marine species. It is typically found on sand just beyond turbulent zone off surf beaches[4] and can also be found in sheltered bays.[5] Young fishes occur in small schools over sandy bottoms. It does not appear to be overly common throughout its known range.

Diet

The feeding habits of Halstead's toadfish have been little researched in general. However research into similar demersal tetraodontid fishes would suggest that their diet consists mostly of algae and small invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks. They can survive on a completely vegetarian diet if their environment is lacking resources, but prefer an omnivorous food selection.[6]

Toxicity

The muscles of Halstead's toadfish contain less than 10 MU/g of tetrodotoxin in its tissue and considered harmless.[7] Many species of pufferfish bear this toxin, obtaining it from tetrodotoxin-containing bacteria in their diet.[8]

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[2]

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[4] Kuiter, R.H., 1993. Coastal fishes of south-eastern Australia. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, Hawaii. 437 p

[5] Shao, K., Liu, M., Hardy, G., Jing, L., Leis, J.L. & Matsuura, K. 2014. Reicheltia halsteadi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T193685A2260243

[6] “Puffer Fish: Fun Facts & Photos of Puffer Fish - (Tetraodontidae)”. _Our Beautiful Planet_. 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2017-03-30.

[7]

[8] Noguchi, Tamao; Arakawa, Osamu (2008). “Tetrodotoxin – Distribution and Accumulation in Aquatic Organisms, and Cases of Human Intoxication”. _Marine Drugs_. 6 (2): 220–42. doi:10.3390/md20080011. PMC 2525488 . PMID 18728726.

title: Reicheltia halsteadi

question: Describe Halstead's toadfish.

answer: Halstead's toadfish has an elongated body that is rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally to a narrow caudal penduncle. It has a small terminal mouth with no chin, and triturating teeth are absent. It has a moderate size and round eyes, with lips that are moderately thick and covered with numerous short papillae. Its prefrontals are also moderately large and rounded, with a small olfactory nerve foramen.

critique: The answer should mention the color of the fish.

question: Where is Halstead's toadfish found?

answer: It is found in the southwestern Pacific, from Queensland to New South Wales, Australia.

critique: The answer could be phrased as a complete sentence.

question: Summarize the toxicity of the toadfish.

answer: The toadfish is not considered toxic. The muscles of the toadfish contain less than 10 MU/g of tetrodotoxin in its tissue. The toadfish obtains this toxin from tetrodotoxin-containing bacteria in its diet.

critique: It's omitted that the toxin is considered harmless.


text:
HOWARD M. R. WILLIAMS is a British archaeologist and academic who is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Chester in England. His research focuses on the study of death, burial and memory in Early Medieval Britain.

Biography

Williams obtained a BSc from the University of Sheffield, and later attended the University of Reading where he received a MS and a PhD. degree.[1] He has taught archaeology at Trinity College Carmarthen, Cardiff University and the University of Exeter, and since 2008 at the University of Chester.[2]

Williams's research focuses on the archaeology of Early Medieval Britain. He has published scholarly journals, books, and co-published books on the archaeology of Medieval Britain, death and burial, Vikings, and landscapes and memory.[3]

In 2017 Williams co-founded the Offa's Dyke Collaboratory: an initiative to build momentum for new research into Offa's Dyke, Wat's Dyke and their landscape contexts. The Collaboratory also involves the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales and the Offa's Dyke Association.[4] In 2019 Williams led the establishment of the _Offa's Dyke Journal_, an open access journal 'promoting the archaeology, history and heritage of frontiers and borderlands focusing on the Anglo-Welsh border'; the journal is edited by Williams and Liam Delaney.[5]

In December 2018, Williams was featured in the BBC 4 documentary ''Beyond the Walls: In Search of the Celts".[6]

Awards and recognition

On 16 February 2006, Williams was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (FSA).[7] In 2017, he won the Society for Medieval Archaeology's Martyn Jope Award for “the best novel interpretation, application of analytical method or presentation of new findings” published in that year's volume of _Medieval Archaeology_, along with co-author Patricia Murrieta-Flores.[8][9]

Selected publications

-   Bradley, R.J. & Williams, H. (eds). _The Past in the Past: The Reuse of Ancient Monuments_. World Archaeology 30 (1). London: Routledge. (1998, editor)
-   Williams, H. (ed.). _Archaeologies of Remembrance: Death and Memory in Past Societies_. New York: Kluwer/Plenum. (2003, editor)
-   Williams, H. _Death and Memory in Early Medieval Britain_. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (2006)
-   Semple, S. & Williams, H. (eds). _Early Medieval Mortuary Practices_. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology & History 14. Oxford: Oxbow. (2007, editor)
-   Sayer, D. & Williams, H. (eds). _Mortuary Practices & Social Identities in the Middle Ages: Essays in Burial Archaeology in Honour of Heinrich Härke._ Exeter: University of Exeter Press. (2009, editor)
-   Williams, H., Kirton, J. and Gondek, M. (eds) _Early Medieval Stone Monuments: Materiality, Biography, Landscape._ Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. (2015, editors)
-   Williams, H. and Giles, M. (eds) _Archaeologists and the Dead._ Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2016, editors)
-   Williams, H. (ed.) _Mortuary citations: Death and Memory in the Viking World_. Special issue of the _European Journal of Archaeology_ 19(3). (2016, guest editor).
-   Cerezo-Román, J. I., Wessman, A. and Williams, H. (eds) _Cremation and the Archaeology of Death._ Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2017, editors)

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[8]  Awards |url=http://www.medievalarchaeology.co.uk/index.php/awards/awards/ |accessdate=25 February 2020}}

[9]

title: Howard Williams (archaeologist)

question: Summarize how Howard Williams came to become interested in and to study the archaeology of Early Medieval Britain.

answer: No answer

critique: There is no answer to the question's second part.

critique: This is an incorrect response. It should be rewritten.

critique: There are two mentions of how he became interested in the subject and how that led to his studying it.

critique: There is no answer because it is not stated in the article.

critique: The article does not mention Howard Williams's interest in and study of the archaeology of Early Medieval Britain.